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Cao Y, Ma C, Yu H, Tan Q, Dhankher OP, White JC, Xing B. The role of sulfur nutrition in plant response to metal(loid) stress: Facilitating biofortification and phytoremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130283. [PMID: 36370480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal(loid)s contamination poses a serious threat to ecosystem biosafety and human health. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and eco-friendly technology with good public acceptance, although the process does require a significant amount of time for success. To enhance the phytoremediation efficiency, numerous approaches have been explored, including soil amendments application with chelators to facilitate remediation. Sulfur (S), a macronutrient for plant growth, plays vital roles in several metabolic pathways that can actively affect metal(loid)s phytoextraction, as well as attenuate metal(loid) toxicity. In this review, different forms of S-amendments (fertilizers) on uptake and translocation in plants upon exposure to various metal(loid) are evaluated. Possible mechanisms for S application alleviating metal(loid) toxicity are documented at the physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. Furthermore, this review highlights the crosstalk between S-assimilation and other biomolecules, such as phytohormones, polyamines and nitric oxide, which are also important for metal(loid) stress tolerance. Given the effectiveness and potential of S amendments on phytoremediation, future studies should focus on optimizing phytoremediation efficiency in long-term field studies and on investigating the appropriate S dose to maximize the food safety and ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Cao
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 1672, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Qian Tan
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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2
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The Role of NO in the Amelioration of Heavy Metal Stress in Plants by Individual Application or in Combination with Phytohormones, Especially Auxin. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the time of the Industrial Revolution, the accumulation of various heavy metals (HMs), such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), etc., has increased substantially in the soil, causing a real risk to all kinds of consumers in the food chain. Moreover, excess HM accumulation is considered a major factor in decreasing plant growth and productivity. A number of recent studies have exhibited the astonishing impact of nitric oxide (NO), a multifunctional, gaseous signal molecule, on alleviating the destructive effects of HMs. Many reports revealed the noteworthy contribution of NO in reducing HM uptake and toxicity levels. In the present review, focus is given to the contribution of NO to decrease the toxicity levels of different HMs in a variety of plant species and their accumulation in those species. Simultaneously, this review also demonstrates the effects of NO on HM-stressed species, by its use both individually and along with auxin, a plant-growth-promoting phytohormone. Different perspectives about the reaction to the co-application of NO and auxin, as well as the differential role of NO to overcome HM stress, have been expanded.
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3
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He J, Cheng P, Wang J, Xu S, Zou J, Shen W. Magnesium hydride confers copper tolerance in alfalfa via regulating nitric oxide signaling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113197. [PMID: 35032725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium hydride (MgH2) as a solid-state hydrogen source might be potentially applied in industry and medicine. However, its biological function in plants has not yet been fully discovered. In this report, it was observed that MgH2 administration could relieve copper (Cu) toxicity in alfalfa that was confirmed by a reduction in root growth inhibition. By using old MgH2 as a negative control, it was concluded that above MgH2 function was primarily derived from the releasing of molecular hydrogen (H2), but not caused by either magnesium metabolites or pH alteration. Further results revealed that Cu-triggered nitric oxide (NO) production was intensified by MgH2. Subsequent pharmacological and biochemical experiments suggested that nitrate reductase might be mainly responsible for NO production during above processes. Cu accumulation in the root tissues was also obviously reduced in the presence of MgH2. Meanwhile, increased non-protein thiols (NPTs) content and the deposition of Cu in cell wall of seedling roots could be used to explain the mechanism underlying MgH2-alleviated Cu toxicity via NO signaling. Further, the plant redox balance was reestablished since the Cu stress-modulated antioxidant enzymes activities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and oxidative injury detected by in vivo histochemical and biochemical analyses, were differentially abolished by MgH2. The above responses could be blocked by the removal of endogenous NO after the addition of its scavenger. Taken together, these results clearly suggested that MgH2 control of plant tolerance against Cu toxicity might be mediated by NO signaling, which might open a new window for the application of solid-state hydrogen materials in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie He
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Sheng Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jianxin Zou
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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4
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Tewari RK, Horemans N, Watanabe M. Evidence for a role of nitric oxide in iron homeostasis in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:990-1006. [PMID: 33196822 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), once regarded as a poisonous air pollutant, is now understood as a regulatory molecule essential for several biological functions in plants. In this review, we summarize NO generation in different plant organs and cellular compartments, and also discuss the role of NO in iron (Fe) homeostasis, particularly in Fe-deficient plants. Fe is one of the most limiting essential nutrient elements for plants. Plants often exhibit Fe deficiency symptoms despite sufficient tissue Fe concentrations. NO appears to not only up-regulate Fe uptake mechanisms but also makes Fe more bioavailable for metabolic functions. NO forms complexes with Fe, which can then be delivered into target cells/tissues. NO generated in plants can alleviate oxidative stress by regulating antioxidant defense processes, probably by improving functional Fe status and by inducing post-translational modifications in the enzymes/proteins involved in antioxidant defense responses. It is hypothesized that NO acts in cooperation with transcription factors such as bHLHs, FIT, and IRO to regulate the expression of enzymes and proteins essential for Fe homeostasis. However, further investigations are needed to disentangle the interaction of NO with intracellular target molecules that leads to enhanced internal Fe availability in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nele Horemans
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang, Mol, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Chiba University, Inage-ward, Yayoicho, Chiba, Japan
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5
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Rather BA, Mir IR, Masood A, Anjum NA, Khan NA. Nitric Oxide Pre-Treatment Advances Seed Germination and Alleviates Copper-Induced Photosynthetic Inhibition in Indian Mustard. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E776. [PMID: 32575782 PMCID: PMC7356349 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This investigation tested the efficiency of nitric oxide (NO) in alleviation of Cu-induced adverse impacts on seed germination and photosynthesis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Pre-treatment of B. juncea seeds with sodium nitroprusside (SNP; NO donor) significantly improved the seed germination rate and also alleviated Cu-accrued oxidative stress. However, in the absence of NO, Cu caused a higher reduction in seed germination rate. The presence of NO strengthened the antioxidant defense system (glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) and thereby sustained the lower lipid peroxidation, reduced H2O2 content, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in Cu-exposed seeds. NO pre-treated seeds also retained a higher amylase activity and exhibited an improved seed germination rate. This effect of NO under Cu stress was also seen in plants originated from the NO pre-treated seeds, where the role of NO pre-treatment was reflected in the improved photosynthetic potential of B. juncea. Overall, NO pre-treatment not only improved the germination rate in seeds but also carried its effects in the grown seedlings evidenced as improved photosynthesis and growth. Potential mechanisms involved in the action of NO pre-treatment included NO-mediated significant strengthening of the antioxidant defense system and decreases in Cu-caused oxidative stress parameters.
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6
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Wei L, Zhang M, Wei S, Zhang J, Wang C, Liao W. Roles of nitric oxide in heavy metal stress in plants: Cross-talk with phytohormones and protein S-nitrosylation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113943. [PMID: 32023797 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) stress is a major hazard, which significantly affects plant growth and development. In order to confront HM stress, plants directly or indirectly regulate the levels of endogenous nitric oxide (NO), a redox-related signaling molecule involved in wide range of plant growth and development as well as in response to HM stress. In addition, there is now compelling experimental evidence that NO usually mediates signaling processes through interactions with different biomolecules like phytohormones to regulate HM tolerance. Apart from phytohormones, NO partly operates through posttranslational modification of proteins, notably via S-nitrosylation in response to HM stress. Recently, the roles of S-nitrosylation as a regulator of plant responses to HM stress and S-nitrosylated candidates have also been established and detected. Here, we describe the roles of NO in confronting HM phytotoxicity in plants with a particular focus on the presentation and discussion of recent data obtained in this field, which involves in the function of various phytohormones and S-nitrosylation during plant responses to HM stress. Additionally, both importance and challenges of future work are outlined in order to further elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying the roles of NO in plant responses to HM stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Shouhui Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
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7
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Sharma A, Soares C, Sousa B, Martins M, Kumar V, Shahzad B, Sidhu GPS, Bali AS, Asgher M, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK, Fidalgo F, Zheng B. Nitric oxide-mediated regulation of oxidative stress in plants under metal stress: a review on molecular and biochemical aspects. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:318-344. [PMID: 31240720 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Given their sessile nature, plants continuously face unfavorable conditions throughout their life cycle, including water scarcity, extreme temperatures and soil pollution. Among all, metal(loid)s are one of the main classes of contaminants worldwide, posing a serious threat to plant growth and development. When in excess, metals which include both essential and non-essential elements, quickly become phytotoxic, inducing the occurrence of oxidative stress. In this way, in order to ensure food production and safety, attempts to enhance plant tolerance to metal(loid)s are urgently needed. Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as a signaling molecule, highly involved in multiple physiological events, like the response of plants to abiotic stress. Thus, substantial efforts have been made to assess NO potential in alleviating metal-induced oxidative stress in plants. In this review, an updated overview of NO-mediated protection against metal toxicity is provided. After carefully reviewing NO biosynthetic pathways, focus was given to the interaction between NO and the redox homeostasis followed by photosynthetic performance of plants under metal excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Cristiano Soares
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sousa
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Maria Martins
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, DAV University, Jalandhar, 144012, India
| | - Babar Shahzad
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Gagan P S Sidhu
- Department of Environment Education, Government College of Commerce and Business Administration, Chandigarh, 160047, India
| | - Aditi S Bali
- Department of Botany, M.C.M.D.A.V. College for Women, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mohd Asgher
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Ashwani K Thukral
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Fernanda Fidalgo
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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8
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Wei L, Zhang J, Wang C, Liao W. Recent progress in the knowledge on the alleviating effect of nitric oxide on heavy metal stress in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 147:161-171. [PMID: 31865162 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, nitric oxide (NO), a redox-related signaling molecule, is considered to be a key regulator in plant growth and development as well as response to abiotic stresses. Heavy metal (HM) stress is one of the most serious threats to affect crop growth and production. HM stress attributes to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress in plants. Thus, to minimize the toxic effects of HM stress, plants directly or indirectly activate different ROS-scavenging mechanisms comprised antioxidative enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Understanding the roles of NO is essential to elucidate how NO activates the appropriate set of responses to HM stress. Moreover, the regulation of key genes or proteins is very important in response to stress stimuli. Therefore, here we focus on the recent knowledge concerning the alleviating effect of NO on HM stress, covering from HM iron accumulation to antioxidant system to related gene and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
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9
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Rather BA, Masood A, Sehar Z, Majid A, Anjum NA, Khan NA. Mechanisms and Role of Nitric Oxide in Phytotoxicity-Mitigation of Copper. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:675. [PMID: 32547583 PMCID: PMC7274197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytotoxicity of metals significantly contributes to the major loss in agricultural productivity. Among all the metals, copper (Cu) is one of essential metals, where it exhibits toxicity only at its supra-optimal level. Elevated Cu levels affect plants developmental processes from initiation of seed germination to the senescence, photosynthetic functions, growth and productivity. The use of plant growth regulators/phytohormones and other signaling molecules is one of major approaches for reversing Cu-toxicity in plants. Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile and bioactive gaseous signaling molecule, involved in major physiological and molecular processes in plants. NO modulates responses of plants grown under optimal conditions or to multiple stress factors including elevated Cu levels. The available literature in this context is centered mainly on the role of NO in combating Cu stress with partial discussion on underlying mechanisms. Considering the recent reports, this paper: (a) overviews Cu uptake and transport; (b) highlights the major aspects of Cu-toxicity on germination, photosynthesis, growth, phenotypic changes and nutrient-use-efficiency; (c) updates on NO as a major signaling molecule; and (d) critically appraises the Cu-significance and mechanisms underlying NO-mediated alleviation of Cu-phytotoxicity. The outcome of the discussion may provide important clues for future research on NO-mediated mitigation of Cu-phytotoxicity.
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10
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Biswas T, Dwivedi UN. Plant triterpenoid saponins: biosynthesis, in vitro production, and pharmacological relevance. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1463-1486. [PMID: 31297656 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The saponins are a diverse class of natural products, with a broad scale distribution across different plant species. Chemically characterized as triterpenoid glycosides, they posses a 30C oxidosqualene precursor-based aglycone moiety (sapogenin), to which glycosyl residues are subsequently attached to yield the corresponding saponin. Based on the chemically distinct aglycone moieties, broadly, they are divided into triterpenoid saponins (dammaranes, ursanes, oleananes, lupanes, hopanes, etc.) and the sterol glycosides. This review aims to present in detail the biosynthesis patterns of the different aglycones from a common precursor and their glycosylation patterns to yield the functionally active glycoside. The review also presents recent advances in the pharmacological activities of these saponins, particularly as potent anti-neoplastic pharmacophores, antioxidants, or anti-viral/antibacterial agents. Since alternate production pedestals for these pharmacologically important triterpenes via cell and tissue cultures are an attractive option for their sustainable production, recent trends in the variety and scale of in vitro production of plant triterpenoids have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Upendra N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
- Institute for Development of Advanced Computing, ONGC Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
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11
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Demecsová L, Tamás L. Reactive oxygen species, auxin and nitric oxide in metal-stressed roots: toxicity or defence. Biometals 2019; 32:717-744. [PMID: 31541378 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The presented review is a summary on the current knowledge about metal induced stress response in plants, focusing on the roles of reactive oxygen species, auxin and nitric oxide in roots. The article focuses mainly on the difference between defence and toxicity symptoms of roots during metal-induced stress. Nowadays, pollution of soils by heavy metals is a rapidly growing issue, which affects agriculture and human health. In order to deal with these problems, we must first understand the basic mechanisms and responses to environmental conditions in plants growing under such conditions. Studies so far show somewhat conflicting data, interpreting the same stress responses as both symptoms of defence and toxicity. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give a report about current knowledge of heavy metal-induced stress research, and also to differentiate between toxicity and defence, and outline the challenges of research, focusing on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, auxin, and the interplay among them. There are still remaining questions on how reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as auxin, can activate either symptoms of toxicity or defence, and adaptation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loriana Demecsová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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12
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Deng Y, Wang C, Wang N, Wei L, Li W, Yao Y, Liao W. Roles of Small-Molecule Compounds in Plant Adventitious Root Development. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E420. [PMID: 31466349 PMCID: PMC6770160 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) is a kind of later root, which derives from stems and leaf petioles of plants. Many different kinds of small signaling molecules can transmit information between cells of multicellular organisms. It has been found that small molecules can be involved in many growth and development processes of plants, including stomatal movement, flowering, fruit ripening and developing, and AR formation. Therefore, this review focuses on discussing the functions and mechanisms of small signaling molecules in the adventitious rooting process. These compounds, such as nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen gas (H2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), ethylene (ETH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), can be involved in the induction of AR formation or development. This review also sums the crosstalk between these compounds. Besides, those signaling molecules can regulate the expressions of some genes during AR development, including cell division genes, auxin-related genes, and adventitious rooting-related genes. We conclude that these small-molecule compounds enhance adventitious rooting by regulating antioxidant, water balance, and photosynthetic systems as well as affecting transportation and distribution of auxin, and these compounds further conduct positive effects on horticultural plants under environmental stresses. Hence, the effect of these molecules in plant AR formation and development is definitely a hot issue to explore in the horticultural study now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzheng Deng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ni Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weifang Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yandong Yao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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13
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Proteomics analysis reveals that nitric oxide regulates photosynthesis of maize seedlings under water deficiency. Nitric Oxide 2018; 81:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Pan CL, Yao SC, Xiong WJ, Luo SZ, Wang YL, Wang AQ, Xiao D, Zhan J, He LF. Nitric Oxide Inhibits Al-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Root Tips of Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) by Affecting Physiological Properties of Antioxidants Systems and Cell Wall. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1037. [PMID: 29311970 PMCID: PMC5742856 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that nitric oxide (NO) is a negative regulator of aluminum (Al)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in peanut root tips. However, the inhibiting mechanism of NO on Al-induced PCD is unclear. In order to investigate the mechanism by which NO inhibits Al-induced PCD, the effects of co-treatment Al with the exogenous NO donor or the NO-specific scavenger on peanut root tips, the physiological properties of antioxidants systems and cell wall (CW) in root tip cells of NO inhibiting Al-induced PCD were studied with two peanut cultivars. The results showed that Al exposure induced endogenous NO accumulation, and endogenous NO burst increased antioxidant enzyme activity in response to Al stress. The addition of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) relieved Al-induced root elongation inhibition, cell death and Al adsorption in CW, as well as oxidative damage and ROS accumulation. Furthermore, co-treatment with the exogenous NO donor decreased MDA content, LOX activity and pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, increased xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity and relative expression of the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH-32) gene. Taken together, exogenous NO alleviated Al-induced PCD by inhibiting Al adsorption in CW, enhancing antioxidant defense and reducing peroxidation of membrane lipids, alleviating the inhibition of Al on root elongation by maintaining the extensibility of CW, decreasing PME activity, and increasing XET activity and relative XTH-32 expression of CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liu Pan
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Shao-Chang Yao
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | | | - Shu-Zhen Luo
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ya-Lun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ai-Qin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Zhan
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Long-Fei He
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
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15
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Xi G, Wang J, Li P, Gao Y, Zhou S, Wang Y. Effects of Compound Amino Acids and Ginsenosides on Physiological Measures. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.108.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Luo ZB, He J, Polle A, Rennenberg H. Heavy metal accumulation and signal transduction in herbaceous and woody plants: Paving the way for enhancing phytoremediation efficiency. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1131-1148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Hu Y. Early generation of nitric oxide contributes to copper tolerance through reducing oxidative stress and cell death in hulless barley roots. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:963-978. [PMID: 27294966 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the specific role of nitric oxide (NO) in the early response of hulless barley roots to copper (Cu) stress. We used the fluorescent probe diaminofluorescein-FM diacetate to establish NO localization, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-special labeling and histochemical procedures for the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the root apex. An early production of NO was observed in Cu-treated root tips of hulless barley, but the detection of NO levels was decreased by supplementation with a NO scavenger, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO). Application of sodium nitroprusside (a NO donor) relieved Cu-induced root inhibition, ROS accumulation and oxidative damage, while c-PTIO treatment had a synergistic effect with Cu and further enhanced ROS levels and oxidative stress. In addition, the Cu-dependent increase in activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase were further enhanced by exogenous NO, but application of c-PTIO decreased the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in Cu-treated roots. Subsequently, cell death was observed in root tips and was identified as a type of programed cell death (PCD) by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. The addition of NO prevented the increase of cell death in root tips, whereas inhibiting NO accumulation further increased the number of cells undergoing PCD. These results revealed that NO production is an early response of hulless barley roots to Cu stress and that NO contributes to Cu tolerance in hulless barley possibly by modulating antioxidant defense, subsequently reducing oxidative stress and PCD in root tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China.
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18
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Arora D, Jain P, Singh N, Kaur H, Bhatla SC. Mechanisms of nitric oxide crosstalk with reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes during abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:291-303. [PMID: 26554526 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1118473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) acts in a concentration and redox-dependent manner to counteract oxidative stress either by directly acting as an antioxidant through scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions (O(2)(-)*), to form peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) or by acting as a signaling molecule, thereby altering gene expression. NO can interact with different metal centres in proteins, such as heme-iron, zinc-sulfur clusters, iron-sulfur clusters, and copper, resulting in the formation of a stable metal-nitrosyl complex or production of varied biochemical signals, which ultimately leads to modification of protein structure/function. The thiols (ferrous iron-thiol complex and nitrosothiols) are also involved in the metabolism and mobilization of NO. Thiols bind to NO and transport it to the site of action whereas nitrosothiols release NO after intercellular diffusion and uptake into the target cells. S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) also has the ability to transnitrosylate proteins. It is an NO˙ reservoir and a long-distance signaling molecule. Tyrosine nitration of proteins has been suggested as a biomarker of nitrosative stress as it can lead to either activation or inhibition of target proteins. The exact molecular mechanism(s) by which exogenous and endogenously generated NO (or reactive nitrogen species) modulate the induction of various genes affecting redox homeostasis, are being extensively investigated currently by various research groups. Present review provides an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms by which NO interacts with and modulates the activity of various ROS scavenging enzymes, particularly accompanying ROS generation in plants in response to varied abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Arora
- a Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Prachi Jain
- a Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Neha Singh
- a Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- a Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- a Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
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19
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Ganesan P, Ko HM, Kim IS, Choi DK. Recent trends of nano bioactive compounds from ginseng for its possible preventive role in chronic disease models. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20559j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive nano ginseng has roles in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Ganesan
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science
- College of Biomedical and Health Science
- Konkuk University
- Chungju 380-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Myung Ko
- Department of Biotechnology
- College of Biomedical and Health Science
- Konkuk University
- Chungju 380-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology
- College of Biomedical and Health Science
- Konkuk University
- Chungju 380-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science
- College of Biomedical and Health Science
- Konkuk University
- Chungju 380-701
- Republic of Korea
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20
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Sawidis T, Papadopoulou A, Voulgaropoulou M. Effect of zinc on nectar secretion of Hibiscus rosa -sinensis L. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:575-589. [PMID: 24122175 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Zinc toxicity in secretory cells caused a range of effects, mainly depending on metal concentration. Low concentrations activated nectary function increasing nectar secretion but secretion was greatly inhibited or stopped entirely by ongoing concentration. Water loss rate of zinc treated flower parts was significantly reduced whereas green sepals were dehydrated more rapidly in comparison to colored petals. The content of zinc, calcium, magnesium and manganese increased mainly in sepals under excess of zinc, but in the secreted nectar this metal was not evident. Morphological changes were observed in mucilage cells concerning the mucilage structure and appearance. The parenchymatic, subglandular cells displayed an early vacuolarization and cytoplasm condensation. Secretory hairs appeared to be thinner, the apical cell folded inwards and plasmolytic shrinkage became severe in all cells. The waxy cuticula showed an increased electron density. A plasmalemma detachment from the external cell walls was observed creating a gap between cell wall and plasmalemma. ER cisterns of all treated nectary hairs dominated the cytoplasm and electron dense deposits were seen within its profiles. A great number of other organelles were also present, showing electron dense deposits in their membranes as well. The vacuome was drastically reduced in all cells, except in the subglandular ones and electron dense membrane remnants were observed.
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21
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He H, He L, Gu M. The diversity of nitric oxide function in plant responses to metal stress. Biometals 2014; 27:219-28. [PMID: 24509935 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) emerges as signalling molecule, which is involved in diverse physiological processes in plants. High mobility metal interferes with NO signaling. The exogenous NO alleviates metal stress, whereas endogenous NO contributes to metal toxicity in plants. Owing to different cellular localization and concentration, NO may act as multifunctional regulator in plant responses to metal stress. It not only plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, but serves as a long-distance signal. Through tight modulation of redox signaling, the integration among NO, reactive oxygen species and stress-related hormones in plants determines whether plants stimulate death pathway or activate survival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyi He
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China,
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22
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Gion K, Inui H, Takakuma K, Yamada T, Kambara Y, Nakai S, Fujiwara H, Miyamura T, Imaishi H, Ohkawa H. Molecular mechanisms of herbicide-inducible gene expression of tobacco CYP71AH11 metabolizing the herbicide chlorotoluron. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 108:49-57. [PMID: 24485315 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco cytochrome P450 (CYP) 71AH11 metabolized the herbicide chlorotoluron, and its mRNA level was increased in tobacco culture cells by the treatment of 2,4-D. In order to clarify molecular mechanisms of induced gene expression of CYP71AH11 by herbicide treatment, a 1574-bp 5'-flanking region of CYP71AH11 was cloned, ligated to the reporter β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene, and then transformed into tobacco plants. The GUS activity in the transgenic tobacco plants was highly induced by bromoxynil treatment, followed by 2,4-D. Chlorotoluron was slightly increased the GUS activity. The bromoxynil-increased GUS activity was partially repressed by the antioxidants, suggesting that reactive oxygen species may be involved in activation of the 5'-flanking region of CYP71AH11 by bromoxynil treatment. Deletion and mutation assays showed that the region CD (-1281 to -770bp from the start codon of CYP71AH11) was important, but not sufficient, for response to bromoxynil. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and southwestern blotting revealed that the sequences AAAAAG, and GAACAAAC and GAAAATTC in the CD region were important for interaction to the nuclear proteins of <30 and ≈75 kDa, respectively. Particularly, interaction between AAAAAG and <30 kDa proteins was increased by bromoxynil treatment. These results gave a cue for understanding the bromoxynil-induced gene expression of CYP71AH11, which may contribute to herbicide tolerance and selectivity in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Gion
- Research Center for Environmental Genomics, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Inui
- Research Center for Environmental Genomics, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Takakuma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kambara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyamura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Imaishi
- Research Center for Environmental Genomics, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohkawa
- Research Center for Environmental Genomics, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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23
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Pető A, Lehotai N, Feigl G, Tugyi N, Ördög A, Gémes K, Tari I, Erdei L, Kolbert Z. Nitric oxide contributes to copper tolerance by influencing ROS metabolism in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:1913-23. [PMID: 24013762 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide improves copper tolerance via modulation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide levels. This reflects the necessity of a well-coordinated interplay between NO and ROS during stress tolerance. Copper (Cu) excess causes toxicity and one probable consequence of this is the disturbance of cell redox state maintenance, inter alia, by reactive oxygen- (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). The objective of this paper was to examine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in Cu stress tolerance and its relationship with ROS in Arabidopsis. In agar-grown seedlings, concentration-dependent Cu accumulation was observed. The 5 μM Cu resulted in reduced cell viability in the NO overproducing nox1 and gsnor1-3 root tips compared to the wild-type (WT). In contrast, 25 and 50 μM Cu caused higher viability in these mutants, while in the NO-lacking nia1nia2 lower viability was detected than in the WT. The exogenous NO donor enhanced cell viability and scavenging endogenous NO decreased it in Cu-exposed WT seedlings. Besides, SNP in nia1nia2 roots led to the improvement of viability. The ascorbic acid-deficient mutants (vtc2-1, vtc2-3) possessing slightly elevated ROS levels proved to be Cu sensitive, while miox4 showing decreased ROS production was more tolerant to Cu than the WT. In nox1 and gsnor1-3, Cu did not induce superoxide formation, and H₂O₂ accumulation occurred only in the case of NO deficiency. Based on these, under mild stress NO intensifies cell injury, while in the case of severe Cu excess it contributes to better viability. ROS were found to be responsible for aggravation of Cu-induced damage. NO alleviates acute Cu stress via modulation of O₂(·-) and H₂O₂ levels reflecting the necessity of a well-coordinated interplay between NO and ROS during stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pető
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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24
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25
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Tewari RK, Prommer J, Watanabe M. Endogenous nitric oxide generation in protoplast chloroplasts. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:31-44. [PMID: 22971939 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE : NO generation is studied in the protoplast chloroplasts. NO, ONOO ( - ) and ROS (O ( 2 ) ( - ) and H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ) are generated in chloroplasts. Nitric oxide synthase-like protein appears to be involved in NO generation. Nitric oxide stimulates chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast differentiation. The present study was conducted to better understand the process of NO generation in the leaf chloroplasts and protoplasts. NO, peroxynitrite and superoxide anion were investigated in the protoplasts and isolated chloroplasts using specific dyes, confocal laser scanning and light microscopy. The level of NO was highest after protoplast isolation and subsequently decreased during culture. Suppression of NO signal in the presence of PTIO, suggests that diaminofluorescein-2 diacetate (DAF-2DA) detected NO. Detection of peroxynitrite, a reaction product of NO and superoxide anion, further suggests NO generation. Moreover, generation of NO and peroxynitrite in the chloroplasts of wild-type Arabidopsis and their absence or weak signals in the leaf-derived protoplasts of Atnoa1 mutants confirmed the reactivity of DAF-2DA and aminophenyl fluorescein to NO and peroxynitrite, respectively. Isolated chloroplasts also showed signal of NO. Suppression of NO signal in the presence of 100 μM nitric oxide synthase inhibitors [L-NNA, Nω-nitro-L-arginine and PBIT, S,S'-1,3-phenylene-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis-isothiourea] revealed that nitric oxide synthase-like system is involved in NO synthesis. Suppression of NO signal in the protoplasts isolated in the presence of cycloheximide suggests de novo synthesis of NO generating protein during the process of protoplast isolation. Furthermore, the lack of inhibition of NO production by sodium tungstate (250 μM) and inhibition by L-NNA, and PBIT suggest involvement NOS-like protein, but not nitrate reductase, in NO generation in the leaf chloroplasts and protoplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Tewari
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan.
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26
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Yu Q, Sun L, Jin H, Chen Q, Chen Z, Xu M. Lead-induced nitric oxide generation plays a critical role in lead uptake by Pogonatherum crinitum root cells. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:1728-36. [PMID: 22904111 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of lead (Pb) on endogenous nitric oxide (NO) generation, the role of NO in Pb uptake and the origin of Pb-induced NO production in Pogonatherum crinitum root cells were evaluated. Pb treatment induced rapid NO generation, showing that Pb exposure triggered endogenous NO signaling of the cells. Pre-treatment of the cells with the NO-specific scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline -1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) not only abolished the Pb-triggered NO burst but also reduced Pb contents of the cells. Moreover, Pb exposure enhanced nitrate reductase (NR) activity of the cells. The NR inhibitors tungstate and glutamine not only suppressed the Pb-enhanced NR activities but also reduced the Pb-triggered NO generation. Pre-treatment of the cells with tungstate and glutamine suppressed Pb accumulation and the suppression could be restored by application of exogenous NO via its donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Together, our results indicated that Pb exposure enhanced NR activity and triggered the NO burst of P. crinitum root cells. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that NR was responsible for the Pb-triggered NO burst and that NR-mediated NO generation played a critical role in Pb uptake by P. crinitum root cells. Thus, our results suggest a potential strategy for controlling Pb uptake by plants by targeting NR as a source of Pb-triggered NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310035, PR China
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27
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Esim N, Atici O, Mutlu S. Effects of exogenous nitric oxide in wheat seedlings under chilling stress. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:268-74. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712457444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nitric oxide (NO) on chilling tolerance (contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2–) and lipid peroxidation level (malondialdehyde, MDA)) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT)) were investigated in the leaves of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to chilling. NO treatment was carried out through spraying of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which is a donor of NO. To do this, SNP concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mM were applied on the leaves of 11-day plants and the plants were then exposed to chilling conditions (5/2°C) for 3 days. The chilling stress treatment increased both the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of MDA, H2O2 and O2–. Similarly, NO treatment enhanced SOD, POX and CAT activities under chilling stress, whereas it decreased H2O2 and O2.– contents as well as MDA level. The most effective concentration was determined as 0.1 mM SNP. Exogenous SNP application as a donor of NO was found to have an important ameliorative effect on cold tolerance of seedling exposed to chilling stress by stimulating antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevzat Esim
- Vocational Training School, Bingol University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Okkes Atici
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Salih Mutlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
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28
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He H, Zhan J, He L, Gu M. Nitric oxide signaling in aluminum stress in plants. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249:483-92. [PMID: 21850424 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signal molecule involved in multiple plant responses to environmental stress. In the recent years, the regulating role of NO on heavy metal toxicity in plants is realized increasingly, but knowledge of NO in alleviating aluminum (Al) toxicity is quite limited. In this article, NO homeostasis between its biosynthesis and elimination in plants is presented. Some genes involved in NO/Al network and their expressions are also introduced. Furthermore, the role of NO in Al toxicity and the functions in Al tolerance are discussed. It is proposed that Al toxicity may disrupt NO homeostasis, leading to endogenous NO concentration being lower than required for root elongation in plants. There are many evidences that pointed out that the exogenous NO treatments improve Al tolerance in plants through activating antioxidative capacity to eliminate reactive oxygen species. Most of the work with respect to NO regulating pathways and functions still has to be done in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyi He
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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29
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Molecular Mechanism of Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Central Role of Glutathione in Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species and Methylglyoxal and in Heavy Metal Chelation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/872875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to hazardous effects in plants. A common consequence of HM toxicity is the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG), both of which can cause peroxidation of lipids, oxidation of protein, inactivation of enzymes, DNA damage and/or interact with other vital constituents of plant cells. Higher plants have evolved a sophisticated antioxidant defense system and a glyoxalase system to scavenge ROS and MG. In addition, HMs that enter the cell may be sequestered by amino acids, organic acids, glutathione (GSH), or by specific metal-binding ligands. Being a central molecule of both the antioxidant defense system and the glyoxalase system, GSH is involved in both direct and indirect control of ROS and MG and their reaction products in plant cells, thus protecting the plant from HM-induced oxidative damage. Recent plant molecular studies have shown that GSH by itself and its metabolizing enzymes—notably glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II—act additively and coordinately for efficient protection against ROS- and MG-induced damage in addition to detoxification, complexation, chelation and compartmentation of HMs. The aim of this review is to integrate a recent understanding of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of HM-induced plant stress response and tolerance based on the findings of current plant molecular biology research.
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González A, Cabrera MDLÁ, Henríquez MJ, Contreras RA, Morales B, Moenne A. Cross talk among calcium, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide and activation of gene expression involving calmodulins and calcium-dependent protein kinases in Ulva compressa exposed to copper excess. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 158:1451-62. [PMID: 22234999 PMCID: PMC3291273 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.191759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the copper-induced cross talk among calcium, nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the calcium-dependent activation of gene expression, the marine alga Ulva compressa was treated with the inhibitors of calcium channels, ned-19, ryanodine, and xestospongin C, of chloroplasts and mitochondrial electron transport chains, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and antimycin A, of pyruvate dehydrogenase, moniliformin, of calmodulins, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtalene sulfonamide, and of calcium-dependent protein kinases, staurosporine, as well as with the scavengers of NO, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, and of H(2)O(2), ascorbate, and exposed to a sublethal concentration of copper (10 μm) for 24 h. The level of NO increased at 2 and 12 h. The first peak was inhibited by ned-19 and 3-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and the second peak by ned-19 and antimycin A, indicating that NO synthesis is dependent on calcium release and occurs in organelles. The level of H(2)O(2) increased at 2, 3, and 12 h and was inhibited by ned-19, ryanodine, xestospongin C, and moniliformin, indicating that H(2)O(2) accumulation is dependent on calcium release and Krebs cycle activity. In addition, pyruvate dehydrogenase, 2-oxoxglutarate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities of the Krebs cycle increased at 2, 3, 12, and/or 14 h, and these increases were inhibited in vitro by EGTA, a calcium chelating agent. Calcium release at 2, 3, and 12 h was inhibited by 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide and ascorbate, indicating activation by NO and H(2)O(2). In addition, the level of antioxidant protein gene transcripts decreased with N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtalene sulfonamide and staurosporine. Thus, there is a copper-induced cross talk among calcium, H(2)O(2), and NO and a calcium-dependent activation of gene expression involving calmodulins and calcium-dependent protein kinases.
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Zhang B, Zheng LP, Wang JW. Nitric oxide elicitation for secondary metabolite production in cultured plant cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:455-66. [PMID: 22089384 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signal molecule in stress responses. Accumulation of secondary metabolites often occurs in plants subjected to stresses including various elicitors or signal molecules. NO has been reported to play important roles in elicitor-induced secondary metabolite production in tissue and cell cultures of medicinal plants. Better understanding of NO role in the biosynthesis of such metabolites is very important for optimizing the commercial production of those pharmaceutically significant secondary metabolites. This paper summarizes progress made on several aspects of NO signal leading to the production of plant secondary metabolites, including various abiotic and biotic elicitors that induce NO production, elicitor-triggered NO generation cascades, the impact of NO on growth development and programmed cell death in medicinal plants, and NO-mediated regulation of the biosynthetic pathways of such metabolites. Cross-talks among NO signaling and reactive oxygen species, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid are discussed. Some perspectives on the application of NO donors for induction of the secondary metabolite accumulation in plant cultures are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Gwóźdź EA. The message of nitric oxide in cadmium challenged plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 181:612-20. [PMID: 21893258 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade it has been found that cadmium (Cd), one of the most toxic elements occurring in polluted environments, interferes with nitric oxide (NO), a multifunctional signaling molecule in living organisms. The formation of NO has been demonstrated in vivo in various plant tissues exposed to Cd stress, but unfortunately, the time and intensity of NO generation, relatively frequently shows conflicting data. What is more, there is still limited information regarding the functional role of endogenously produced NO in plants challenged with heavy metals. The first pharmacological approaches revealed that exogenously applied NO can alleviate cadmium toxicity in plants, promoting the direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or activating antioxidant enzymes. However, recent reports have indicated that NO even contributes to Cd toxicity by promoting Cd uptake and participates in metal-induced reduction of root growth. In view of this heterogeneous knowledge, much more puzzling if we consider results first obtained using exogenous NO sources, this review is focused mainly on the implication of endogenous NO in plant response to Cd exposure. Furthermore, a basic draft for NO mode of action during cadmium stress is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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Pető A, Lehotai N, Lozano-Juste J, León J, Tari I, Erdei L, Kolbert Z. Involvement of nitric oxide and auxin in signal transduction of copper-induced morphological responses in Arabidopsis seedlings. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 108:449-57. [PMID: 21856638 PMCID: PMC3158692 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants are able to adapt to the environment dynamically through regulation of their growth and development. Excess copper (Cu(2+)), a toxic heavy metal, induces morphological alterations in plant organs; however, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. With this in mind, the multiple signalling functions of nitric oxide (NO) in plant cells and its possible regulatory role and relationship with auxin were examined during Cu(2+)-induced morphological responses. METHODS Endogenous auxin distribution was determined by microscopic observation of X-Gluc-stained DR5::GUS arabidopsis, and the levels of NO, superoxide and peroxynitrite were detected by fluorescence microscopy. As well as wild-type, NO-overproducer (nox1) and -deficient (nia1nia2 and nia1nia2noa1-2) arabidopsis plants were used. KEY RESULTS Cu(2+) at a concentration of 50 µm resulted in a large reduction in cotyledon area and hypocotyl and primary root lengths, accompanied by an increase in auxin levels. In cotyledons, a low Cu(2+) concentration promoted NO accumulation, which was arrested by nitric oxide synthase or nitrate reductase inhibitors. The 5-μm Cu(2+)-induced NO synthesis was not detectable in nia1nia2 or nia1nia2noa1-2 plants. In roots, Cu(2+) caused a decrease of the NO level which was not associated with superoxide and peroxynitrite formation. Inhibition of auxin transport resulted in an increase in NO levels, while exogenous application of an NO donor reduced DR5::GUS expression. The elongation processes of nox1 were not sensitive to Cu(2+), but NO-deficient plants showed diverse growth responses. CONCLUSIONS In plant organs, Cu(2+) excess results in severe morphological responses during which the endogenous hormonal balance and signal transduction are affected. Auxin and NO negatively regulate each other's level and NO intensifies the metal-induced cotyledon expansion, but mitigates elongation processes under Cu(2+) exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pető
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, PO Box 654, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra Lehotai
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, PO Box 654, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jorge Lozano-Juste
- Institutio de Biología Molecular y Cellular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José León
- Institutio de Biología Molecular y Cellular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Irma Tari
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, PO Box 654, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Erdei
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, PO Box 654, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, PO Box 654, Szeged, Hungary
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Siddiqui MH, Al-Whaibi MH, Basalah MO. Role of nitric oxide in tolerance of plants to abiotic stress. PROTOPLASMA 2011; 248:447-55. [PMID: 20827494 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has now gained significant place in plant science, mainly due to its properties (free radical, small size, no charge, short-lived, and highly diffusible across biological membranes) and multifunctional roles in plant growth, development, and regulation of remarkable spectrum of plant cellular mechanisms. In the last few years, the role of NO in tolerance of plants to abiotic stress has established much consideration. As it is evident from the present review, recent progress on NO potentiality in tolerance of plants to environmental stresses has been impressive. These investigations suggest that NO, itself, possesses antioxidant properties and might act as a signal in activating ROS-scavenging enzyme activities under abiotic stress. NO plays an important role in resistance to salt, drought, temperature (high and low), UV-B, and heavy metal stress. Rapidly increasing evidences indicate that NO is essentially involve in several physiological processes; however, there has been much disagreement regarding the mechanism(s) by which NO reduces abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Xiong J, Fu G, Tao L, Zhu C. Roles of nitric oxide in alleviating heavy metal toxicity in plants. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 497:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kumar P, Tewari RK, Sharma PN. Sodium nitroprusside-mediated alleviation of iron deficiency and modulation of antioxidant responses in maize plants. AOB PLANTS 2010; 2010:plq002. [PMID: 22476060 PMCID: PMC2965042 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plq002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 12/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to alleviate Fe-deficiency effects, possibly by enhancing the functional Fe status of plants. This study examines changes in tissue Fe status and oxidative metabolism in Fe-deficient maize (Zea mays L.) plants enriched with NO using sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a source. METHODOLOGY Measurements included changes in concentrations of H(2)O(2), non-protein thiols, levels of lipid peroxidation and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and of the Fe-requiring antioxidant haem enzymes catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidases. Internal NO in Fe-deficient maize plants was manipulated with SNP and the NO scavenger, methylene blue (MB). A key control was treatment with sodium ferrocyanide (SF), a non-NO-supplying analogue of SNP. PRINCIPAL RESULTS SNP but not SF caused re-greening of leaves in Fe-deficient maize plants over 10-20 days, increased in vivo NO content, raised chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, promoted growth in dry weight, increased the activities of H(2)O(2)-scavenging haem enzymes and enhanced lipid peroxidation, while decreasing SOD activity and H(2)O(2) concentrations. The NO scavenger, MB, blocked the effects of the SNP. Although SNP and SF each donated Fe and increased active Fe, only SNP increased leaf chlorophyll. CONCLUSIONS NO plays a role in Fe nutrition, independently of its effect on total or active Fe status. The most probable mechanism of NO involvement is to increase the intracellular availability of Fe by means of modulating redox. This is likely to be achieved by enhancing the chemical reduction of foliar Fe(III) to Fe(II).
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Xiong J, Lu H, Lu K, Duan Y, An L, Zhu C. Cadmium decreases crown root number by decreasing endogenous nitric oxide, which is indispensable for crown root primordia initiation in rice seedlings. PLANTA 2009; 230:599-610. [PMID: 19557429 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-0970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to crown roots (CR), which are essential for maintaining normal growth and development in rice seedlings. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that plays a pivotal role in plant root organogenesis. Here, the effects of Cd on endogenous NO content and root growth conditions were studied in rice seedlings. Results showed that similar to the NO scavenger, cPTIO, Cd significantly decreased endogenous NO content and CR number in rice seedlings, and these decreases were recoverable with the application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor). Microscopic analysis of root collars revealed that treatment with Cd and cPTIO inhibited CR primordia initiation. In contrast, although SNP partially recovered Cd-caused inhibition of CR elongation, treatment with cPTIO had no effect on CR elongation. L: -NMMA, a widely used nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, decreased endogenous NO content and CR number significantly, while tungstate, a nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitor, had no effect on endogenous NO content and CR number. Moreover, enzyme activity assays indicated that treatment with SNP inhibited NOS activity significantly, but had no effect on NR activity. All these results support the conclusions that a critical endogenous NO concentration is indispensable for rice CR primordia initiation rather than elongation, NOS is the main source for endogenous NO generation, and Cd decreases CR number by inhibiting NOS activity and thus decreasing endogenous NO content in rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Ramel F, Sulmon C, Bogard M, Couée I, Gouesbet G. Differential patterns of reactive oxygen species and antioxidative mechanisms during atrazine injury and sucrose-induced tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana plantlets. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 9:28. [PMID: 19284649 PMCID: PMC2661893 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides being essential for plant structure and metabolism, soluble carbohydrates play important roles in stress responses. Sucrose has been shown to confer to Arabidopsis seedlings a high level of tolerance to the herbicide atrazine, which causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress. The effects of atrazine and of exogenous sucrose on ROS patterns and ROS-scavenging systems were studied. Simultaneous analysis of ROS contents, expression of ROS-related genes and activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes gave an integrative view of physiological state and detoxifying potential under conditions of sensitivity or tolerance. RESULTS Toxicity of atrazine could be related to inefficient activation of singlet oxygen (1O2) quenching pathways leading to 1O2 accumulation. Atrazine treatment also increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, while reducing gene expressions and enzymatic activities related to two major H2O2-detoxification pathways. Conversely, sucrose-protected plantlets in the presence of atrazine exhibited efficient 1O2 quenching, low 1O2 accumulation and active H2O2-detoxifying systems. CONCLUSION In conclusion, sucrose protection was in part due to activation of specific ROS scavenging systems with consequent reduction of oxidative damages. Importance of ROS combination and potential interferences of sucrose, xenobiotic and ROS signalling pathways are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Ramel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes I, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, bâtiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Sulmon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes I, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, bâtiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Matthieu Bogard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes I, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, bâtiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 234-avenue du Brezet, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ivan Couée
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes I, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, bâtiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Gwenola Gouesbet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes I, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, bâtiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Tewari RK, Kumar P, Kim S, Hahn EJ, Paek KY. Nitric oxide retards xanthine oxidase-mediated superoxide anion generation in Phalaenopsis flower: an implication of NO in the senescence and oxidative stress regulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2009; 28:267-279. [PMID: 18985352 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a developmentally regulated and highly ordered sequence of events. Senescence leads to abscission of plant organs and eventually leads to death of a plant or part of it. Present study revealed that Phalaenopsis flower undergo senescence due to over activation of O(2) (.-)generating xanthine oxidase (XO), which consequently increases the concentrations of O(2) (.-) leading to enhanced oxidative damage and disturbed cellular redox environment as indicated by increased lipid peroxidation and DHA/AsA + DHA ratio, respectively. While activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and non-specific peroxidase (POD) were enhanced in sepals and petals of old flower, activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were decreased. Exogenous application of nitric oxide (NO) retarded H(2)O(2)-induced senescence of Phalaenopsis flower by downregulating activity of XO and concentrations of O(2) (.-), H(2)O(2) and malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation). Exogenous application of NO also downregulated SOD activity and upregulated antioxidant enzymes involved in the detoxification of H(2)O(2) (CAT and APX), and in the regulation of redox couples viz, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and GR, together with the modulation in non-protein thiol status and DHA/AsA + DHA ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Tewari
- Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Kumar P, Tewari RK, Sharma PN. Modulation of copper toxicity-induced oxidative damage by excess supply of iron in maize plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:399-409. [PMID: 17899096 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the modulation of Cu toxicity-induced oxidative stress by excess supply of iron in Zea mays L. plants. Plants receiving excess of Cu (100 microM) showed decreased water potential and simultaneously showed wilting in the leaves. Later, the young leaves exhibited chlorosis and necrotic scorching of lamina. Excess of Cu suppressed growth, decreased concentration of chloroplastic pigments and fresh and dry weight of plants. The activities of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7; POD), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11; APX) and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1; SOD) were increased in plants supplied excess of Cu. However, activity of catalase (EC 1.11.1.6; CAT), was depressed in these plants. In gel activities of isoforms of POD, APX and SOD also revealed upregulation of these enzymes. Excess (500 microM)-Fe-supplemented Cu-stressed plants, however, looked better in their phenotypic appearance, had increased concentration of chloroplastic pigments, dry weight, and improved leaf tissue water status in comparison to the plants supplied excess of Cu. Moreover, activities of antioxidant enzymes including CAT were further enhanced and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and H(2)O(2) concentrations decreased in excess-Fe-supplemented Cu-stressed plants. In situ accumulation of H(2)O(2), contrary to that of O(2)(*-) radical, increased in both leaf and roots of excess-Cu-stressed plants, but Cu-excess plants supplied with excess-Fe showed reduced accumulation H(2)O(2) and little higher of O(2)(*-) in comparison to excess-Cu plants. It is, therefore, concluded that excess-Cu (100 microM) induces oxidative stress by increasing production of H(2)O(2) despite of increased antioxidant protection and that the excess-Cu-induced oxidative damage is minimized by excess supply of Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
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