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Liu S, Zhang F, Su J, Fang A, Tian B, Yu Y, Bi C, Ma D, Xiao S, Yang Y. CRISPR-targeted mutagenesis of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 improves both immunity and yield in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1929-1941. [PMID: 38366355 PMCID: PMC11182583 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a sophisticated immunity system for specific detection of pathogens and rapid induction of measured defences. Over- or constitutive activation of defences would negatively affect plant growth and development. Hence, the plant immune system is under tight positive and negative regulation. MAP kinase phosphatase1 (MKP1) has been identified as a negative regulator of plant immunity in model plant Arabidopsis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which MKP1 regulates immune signalling in wheat (Triticum aestivum) are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of TaMKP1 in wheat defence against two devastating fungal pathogens and determined its subcellular localization. We demonstrated that knock-down of TaMKP1 by CRISPR/Cas9 in wheat resulted in enhanced resistance to rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) and powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), indicating that TaMKP1 negatively regulates disease resistance in wheat. Unexpectedly, while Tamkp1 mutant plants showed increased resistance to the two tested fungal pathogens they also had higher yield compared with wild-type control plants without infection. Our results suggested that TaMKP1 interacts directly with dephosphorylated and activated TaMPK3/4/6, and TaMPK4 interacts directly with TaPAL. Taken together, we demonstrated TaMKP1 exert negative modulating roles in the activation of TaMPK3/4/6, which are required for MAPK-mediated defence signalling. This facilitates our understanding of the important roles of MAP kinase phosphatases and MAPK cascades in plant immunity and production, and provides germplasm resources for breeding for high resistance and high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant SciencesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Fengfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jiaxuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Anfei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Binnian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chaowei Bi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dongfang Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhouHubeiChina
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology ResearchUniversity of MarylandRockvilleMarylandUSA
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Yuheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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Ijaz U, Zhao C, Shabala S, Zhou M. Molecular Basis of Plant-Pathogen Interactions in the Agricultural Context. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:421. [PMID: 38927301 PMCID: PMC11200688 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Biotic stressors pose significant threats to crop yield, jeopardizing food security and resulting in losses of over USD 220 billion per year by the agriculture industry. Plants activate innate defense mechanisms upon pathogen perception and invasion. The plant immune response comprises numerous concerted steps, including the recognition of invading pathogens, signal transduction, and activation of defensive pathways. However, pathogens have evolved various structures to evade plant immunity. Given these facts, genetic improvements to plants are required for sustainable disease management to ensure global food security. Advanced genetic technologies have offered new opportunities to revolutionize and boost plant disease resistance against devastating pathogens. Furthermore, targeting susceptibility (S) genes, such as OsERF922 and BnWRKY70, through CRISPR methodologies offers novel avenues for disrupting the molecular compatibility of pathogens and for introducing durable resistance against them in plants. Here, we provide a critical overview of advances in understanding disease resistance mechanisms. The review also critically examines management strategies under challenging environmental conditions and R-gene-based plant genome-engineering systems intending to enhance plant responses against emerging pathogens. This work underscores the transformative potential of modern genetic engineering practices in revolutionizing plant health and crop disease management while emphasizing the importance of responsible application to ensure sustainable and resilient agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ijaz
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (U.I.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (U.I.); (C.Z.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (U.I.); (C.Z.)
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3
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Li F, Chen X, Yang R, Zhang K, Shan W, Joosten MHAJ, Du Y. Potato protein tyrosine phosphatase StPTP1a is activated by StMKK1 to negatively regulate plant immunity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:646-661. [PMID: 36519513 PMCID: PMC9946141 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans causes severe losses in potato production. The MAPK kinase StMKK1 was previously found to negatively regulate potato immunity to P. infestans. Our results showed that StMKK1 interacts with a protein tyrosine phosphatase, referred to as StPTP1a, and StMKK1 directly phosphorylates StPTP1a at residues Ser-99, Tyr-223 and Thr-290. StPTP1a is a functional phosphatase and the phosphorylation of StPTP1a at these three residues enhances its stability and catalytic activity. StPTP1a negatively regulates potato immunity and represses SA-related gene expression. Furthermore, StPTP1a interacts with, and dephosphorylates, the StMKK1 downstream signalling targets StMPK4 and -7 at their Tyr-203 residue resulting in the repression of salicylic acid (SA)-related immunity. Silencing of NbPTP1a + NbMPK4 or NbPTP1a + NbMPK7 abolished the plant immunity to P. infestans caused by NbPTP1a silencing, indicating that PTP1a functions upstream of NbMPK4 and NbMPK7. StMKK1 requires StPTP1a to negatively regulate SA-related immunity and StPTP1a is phosphorylated and stabilized during immune activation to promote the de-phosphorylation of StMPK4 and -7. Our results reveal that potato StMKK1 activates and stabilizes the tyrosine phosphatase StPTP1a that in its turn de-phosphorylates StMPK4 and -7, thereby repressing plant SA-related immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xiaokang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Ruixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Weixing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | | | - Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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4
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Uchida K, Yamaguchi M, Kanamori K, Ariga H, Isono K, Kajino T, Tanaka K, Saijo Y, Yotsui I, Sakata Y, Taji T. MAP KINASE PHOSPHATASE1 promotes osmotolerance by suppressing PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4-independent immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1128-1138. [PMID: 35302643 PMCID: PMC9157078 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Initial exposure of plants to osmotic stress caused by drought, cold, or salinity leads to acclimation, termed acquired tolerance, to subsequent severe stresses. Acquired osmotolerance induced by salt stress is widespread across Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions and is conferred by disruption of a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat gene, designated ACQUIRED OSMOTOLERANCE. De-repression of this gene under osmotic stress causes detrimental autoimmunity via ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4). However, the mechanism underlying acquired osmotolerance remains poorly understood. Here, we isolated an acquired osmotolerance-defective mutant (aod13) by screening 30,000 seedlings of an ion beam-mutagenized M2 population of Bu-5, an accession with acquired osmotolerance. We found that AOD13 encodes the dual-specificity phosphatase MAP KINASE PHOSPHATASE1 (MKP1), which negatively regulates MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE3/6 (MPK3/6). Consistently, MPK3/6 activation was greater in aod13 than in the Bu-5 wild-type (WT). The aod13 mutant was sensitive to osmotic stress but tolerant to salt stress. Under osmotic stress, pathogenesis-related genes were strongly induced in aod13 but not in the Bu-5 WT. Loss of PAD4 in pad4 aod13 plants did not restore acquired osmotolerance, implying that activation of immunity independent of PAD4 renders aod13 sensitive to osmotic stress. These findings suggest that AOD13 (i.e. MKP1) promotes osmotolerance by suppressing the PAD4-independent immune response activated by MPK3/6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Uchida
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kanamori
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ariga
- Division of Plant Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Science, NARO, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuho Isono
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Takuma Kajino
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saijo
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Izumi Yotsui
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Teruaki Taji
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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5
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Xiao F, Zhou H. Plant salt response: Perception, signaling, and tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1053699. [PMID: 36684765 PMCID: PMC9854262 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1053699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the significant environmental stressors that severely affects plant growth and development. Plant responses to salt stress involve a series of biological mechanisms, including osmoregulation, redox and ionic homeostasis regulation, as well as hormone or light signaling-mediated growth adjustment, which are regulated by different functional components. Unraveling these adaptive mechanisms and identifying the critical genes involved in salt response and adaption are crucial for developing salt-tolerant cultivars. This review summarizes the current research progress in the regulatory networks for plant salt tolerance, highlighting the mechanisms of salt stress perception, signaling, and tolerance response. Finally, we also discuss the possible contribution of microbiota and nanobiotechnology to plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Huapeng Zhou,
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6
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Gough C, Sadanandom A. Understanding and Exploiting Post-Translational Modifications for Plant Disease Resistance. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1122. [PMID: 34439788 PMCID: PMC8392720 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly threatened by pathogens, so have evolved complex defence signalling networks to overcome pathogen attacks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are fundamental to plant immunity, allowing rapid and dynamic responses at the appropriate time. PTM regulation is essential; pathogen effectors often disrupt PTMs in an attempt to evade immune responses. Here, we cover the mechanisms of disease resistance to pathogens, and how growth is balanced with defence, with a focus on the essential roles of PTMs. Alteration of defence-related PTMs has the potential to fine-tune molecular interactions to produce disease-resistant crops, without trade-offs in growth and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
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7
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Verma D, Bhagat PK, Sinha AK. A dual-specificity phosphatase, MAP kinase phosphatase 1, positively regulates blue light-mediated seedling development in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2021; 253:131. [PMID: 34057637 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A dual-specificity phosphatase MKP1 negatively regulates the activity of MPK6 by dephosphorylating it and acts as a positive regulator of blue light (BL)-mediated photomorphogenic development in Arabidopsis. Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is one of the major post-translational modifications in nearly all signaling pathways in plants. MAP kinase phosphatases are very crucial in the regulation of MAPKs as they dephosphorylate both threonine (Thr) and tyrosine (Tyr) residues within the T-X-Y motif of active MAPKs. Therefore, to gain insight of involvement of MAP kinase phosphatases in the regulation of light signaling, we searched for the potential phosphatase which may regulate the function of MPK6, a negative regulator of blue light (BL)-mediated photomorphogenic development. We report here the identification of a dual-specificity phosphatase, MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1) as a positive regulator of BL-mediated seedling development. Overexpression of MKP1 enhances the BL-induced inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and displays more opened cotyledons. We also show that MKP1OE accumulates more pigments and positively affects the expression of downstream light-related genes in response to BL. In vitro and in vivo evidences also demonstrate that MKP1 not only interacts with but also dephosphorylates MPK6 in BL. In addition, MKP1 regulates stability as well as activity of MPK6 upon BL. Taken together our study highlights the important role of phosphatases in the regulation of a signaling pathway and identifies the role of MKP1 in the negative regulation of MPK6 activity leading to a change in BL-induced photomorphogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjali Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Bhagat
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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8
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Park HC, Park BO, Kim HS, Kim SH, Lee SW, Chung WS. AtMPK6-induced phosphorylation of AtERF72 enhances its DNA binding activity and interaction with TGA4/OBF4 in Arabidopsis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:11-20. [PMID: 33073469 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ethylene-responsive element binding factor (ERF) family is a large family of transcription factors involved in plant development and environmental stress responses. We previously reported the identification of 29 putative substrates of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase3 (AtMPK3), AtMPK4 and AtMPK6, based on a solid-phase phosphorylation screening using a lambda phage expression library in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, a putative MPK substrate, AtERF72 (At3g16770), was strongly phosphorylated by AtMPK6 on the serine residue at position 151 (Ser151). AtERF72 binds to the GCC box (AGCCGCC) in the promoters of several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and activates their transcription. We also show that the DNA-binding activity of AtERF72 is enhanced upon phosphorylation by AtMPK6 in vitro. In addition, transient co-expression experiments in Arabidopsis protoplasts revealed that effector constructs expressing a mutant variant of AtERF72, AtERF72S151D (carrying a Ser to aspartic acid [Asp] substitution at amino acid position 151) showed higher expression of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the GCC box element than effector constructs expressing the wild-type AtERF72. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that the interaction between AtERF72S151D and TGA4/OBF4 was stronger than that between wild-type AtERF72 and TGA4/OBF4. Since AtERF72S151D is equivalent to AtERF72 phosphorylated by AtMPK6 at Ser151, these results suggest that the phosphorylation of AtERF72 by AtMPK6 triggers an event of transcriptional regulation from defence signalling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Park
- Team of Vulnerable Ecological Research, Division of Climate and Ecology, Bureau of Conservation & Assessment Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - B O Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Agronomy & Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - W S Chung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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9
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Expanding the Toolkit of Fluorescent Biosensors for Studying Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155350. [PMID: 32731410 PMCID: PMC7432370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of numerous biological processes in plants. To better understand the mechanisms by which these kinases function, high resolution measurement of MAPK activation kinetics in different biological contexts would be beneficial. One method to measure MAPK activation in plants is via fluorescence-based genetically-encoded biosensors, which can provide real-time readouts of the temporal and spatial dynamics of kinase activation in living tissue. Although fluorescent biosensors have been widely used to study MAPK dynamics in animal cells, there is currently only one MAPK biosensor that has been described for use in plants. To facilitate creation of additional plant-specific MAPK fluorescent biosensors, we report the development of two new tools: an in vitro assay for efficiently characterizing MAPK docking domains and a translocation-based kinase biosensor for use in plants. The implementation of these two methods has allowed us to expand the available pool of plant MAPK biosensors, while also providing a means to generate more specific and selective MAPK biosensors in the future. Biosensors developed using these methods have the potential to enhance our understanding of the roles MAPKs play in diverse plant signaling networks affecting growth, development, and stress response.
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10
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Jangra R, Damen H, Lee JS. MKP1 acts as a key modulator of stomatal development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1604017. [PMID: 30983545 PMCID: PMC6619980 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1604017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The MAPK signaling cascade is universal among eukaryotes and mediates a variety of environmental and developmental responses. Two Arabidopsis MAPKs, MPK3 and MPK6, have been shown to be activated by various stimuli and suggested as a convergence point of different signaling pathways. It is known that these MAPKs, MPK3/MPK6, control the discrete stages of stomatal development in Arabidopsis, but how they are regulated and how the same MAPK components can achieve signaling specificity is largely unknown. We recently demonstrated that MAP Kinase Phosphatase 1 (MKP1) promotes stomatal differentiation by suppressing activation of MPK3/MPK6 in the stomatal lineage. By expressing MKP1 in discrete stomatal precursor cell types, we further identified that MKP1 plays an important role at the early stage of stomatal development for the cell fate transition leading to stomatal differentiation. While MKP1 was previously known as a key regulator of environmental stress responses, our data illustrate a novel role of MKP1 in plant development: it acts as one of the specificity-determining regulators of MAPK signaling to enforce proper stomatal development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Jangra
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hassan Damen
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jin Suk Lee
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Zaman N, Seitz K, Kabir M, George-Schreder LS, Shepstone I, Liu Y, Zhang S, Krysan PJ. A Förster resonance energy transfer sensor for live-cell imaging of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:970-983. [PMID: 30444549 PMCID: PMC6750906 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is dynamically modified in plants. Since MAPKs have been shown to play important roles in a wide range of signaling pathways, the ability to monitor MAPK activity in living plant cells would be valuable. Here, we report the development of a genetically encoded MAPK activity sensor for use in Arabidopsis thaliana. The sensor is composed of yellow and blue fluorescent proteins, a phosphopeptide binding domain, a MAPK substrate domain and a flexible linker. Using in vitro testing, we demonstrated that phosphorylation causes an increase in the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency of the sensor. The FRET efficiency can therefore serve as a readout of kinase activity. We also produced transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing this sensor of MAPK activity (SOMA) and performed live-cell imaging experiments using detached cotyledons. Treatment with NaCl, the synthetic flagellin peptide flg22 and chitin all led to rapid gains in FRET efficiency. Control lines expressing a version of SOMA in which the phosphosite was mutated to an alanine did not show any substantial changes in FRET. We also expressed the sensor in a conditional loss-of-function double-mutant line for the Arabidopsis MAPK genes MPK3 and MPK6. These experiments demonstrated that MPK3/6 are necessary for the NaCl-induced FRET gain of the sensor, while other MAPKs are probably contributing to the chitin and flg22-induced increases in FRET. Taken together, our results suggest that SOMA is able to dynamically report MAPK activity in living plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najia Zaman
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kati Seitz
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mohiuddin Kabir
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Ian Shepstone
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yidong Liu
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Patrick J. Krysan
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- For correspondence ()
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12
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Ghorbel M, Zaidi I, Ebel C, Hanin M. Differential regulation of the durum wheat MAPK phosphatase 1 by calmodulin, bivalent cations and possibly mitogen activated protein kinase 3. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:242-252. [PMID: 30584966 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) are relevant negative regulators of MAPKs in eukaryotes as they mediate the feedback control of MAPK cascades in multiple cellular processes. Despite their relevance, our knowledge on the role of cereal MKPs in stress tolerance is scarce and TMKP1 remains today the only studied MKP in wheat. TMKP1 was previously reported to be involved in plant salt stress tolerance. Moreover, TMKP1 was shown to interact with calmodulin (CaM), 14-3-3 and TMPK3/TMPK6 proteins, which regulate its catalytic activity. To further understand the functional properties of TMKP1, we investigate here the contribution of its phosphorylation status, and of TMPK3 together with CaM and bivalent cations on the catalytic activity. In-gel kinase assays revealed that TMKP1 can be phosphorylated by similar wheat and Arabidopsis MAPKs, including most likely MPK3 and MPK6. In addition, we provide evidence for the capacity of wheat TMPK3 to bind to TMKP1 via a conserved Kinase Interacting Domain (KID) located on its C-terminal part. This interaction leads to a stimulation of TMKP1 activity in the presence of Mn2+ or Mg2+ ions, but to its inhibition in the presence of Ca2+ ions. However, the phosphorylation status of TMKP1 seems to be dispensable for TMKP1 activation by TMPK3. Remarkably, in assays combining TMPK3 with CaM/Ca2+ complex, we registered rather an inhibition of TMKP1 activity which however can be suppressed by Mn2+ cations. Our data are in favor of complex differential regulation of TMKP1 by its MPK substrates, metallic cations that might help in fine-tuning the plant cellular responses to various stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ghorbel
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Amélioration des Plantes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, BP "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia; Unité de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Physiologie des Plantes, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Sfax, BP "1175", 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Zaidi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Amélioration des Plantes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, BP "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chantal Ebel
- Unité de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Physiologie des Plantes, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Sfax, BP "1175", 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moez Hanin
- Unité de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Physiologie des Plantes, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Sfax, BP "1175", 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Jiang L, Chen Y, Luo L, Peck SC. Central Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms of Dual-Specificity MAPK Phosphatases in Developmental and Stress Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1697. [PMID: 30515185 PMCID: PMC6255987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved signaling modules that integrate multiple signaling pathways. One level of control on the activity of MAPKs is through their negative regulators, MAPK phosphatases (MKPs). Therefore, MKPs also play an integrative role for plants responding to diverse environmental stimulus; but the mechanism(s) by which these phosphatases contribute to specific signals remains largely unknown. In this review, we summarize recent advances in characterizing the biological functions of a sub-class of MKPs, dual-specificity phosphatases (DSPs), ranging from controlling plant growth and development to modulating stress adaptation. We also discuss putative regulatory mechanisms of DSP-type MKPs, which plants may use to control the correct level of responses at the right place and time. We highlight insights into potential regulation of cross-talk between different signaling pathways, facilitating the development of strategies for targeting such cross-talk and to help improve plant resistance against adverse environmental conditions without affecting the growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Jiang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Lingyan Jiang
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Scott C. Peck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Scott C. Peck
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Krysan PJ, Colcombet J. Cellular Complexity in MAPK Signaling in Plants: Questions and Emerging Tools to Answer Them. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1674. [PMID: 30538711 PMCID: PMC6277691 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play an important role in many aspects of plant growth, development, and environmental response. Because of their central role in many important processes, MAPKs have been extensively studied using biochemical and genetic approaches. This work has allowed for the identification of the MAPK genes and proteins involved in a number of different signaling pathways. Less well developed, however, is our understanding of how MAPK cascades and their corresponding signaling pathways are organized at subcellular levels. In this review, we will provide an overview of plant MAPK signaling, including a discussion of what is known about cellular mechanisms for achieving signaling specificity. Then we will explore what is currently known about the subcellular localization of MAPK proteins in resting conditions and after pathway activation. Finally, we will discuss a number of new experimental methods that have not been widely deployed in plants that have the potential to provide a deeper understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Krysan
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- *Correspondence: Jean Colcombet,
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15
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Bigeard J, Hirt H. Nuclear Signaling of Plant MAPKs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:469. [PMID: 29696029 PMCID: PMC5905223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are conserved protein kinases in eukaryotes that establish signaling modules where MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) activate MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) which in turn activate MAPKs. In plants, they are involved in the signaling of multiple environmental stresses and developmental programs. MAPKs phosphorylate their substrates and this post-translational modification (PTM) contributes to the regulation of proteins. PTMs may indeed modify the activity, subcellular localization, stability or trans-interactions of modified proteins. Plant MAPKs usually localize to the cytosol and/or nucleus, and in some instances they may also translocate from the cytosol to the nucleus. Upon the detection of environmental changes at the cell surface, MAPKs participate in the signal transduction to the nucleus, allowing an adequate transcriptional reprogramming. The identification of plant MAPK substrates largely contributed to a better understanding of the underlying signaling mechanisms. In this review, we highlight the nuclear signaling of plant MAPKs. We discuss the activation, regulation and activity of plant MAPKs, as well as their nuclear re-localization. We also describe and discuss known nuclear substrates of plant MAPKs in the context of biotic stress, abiotic stress and development and consider future research directions in the field of plant MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bigeard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Heribert Hirt
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16
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Rayapuram N, Bigeard J, Alhoraibi H, Bonhomme L, Hesse AM, Vinh J, Hirt H, Pflieger D. Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals Shared and Specific Targets of Arabidopsis Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 17:61-80. [PMID: 29167316 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, mitogen-activated protein kinases MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6 constitute essential relays for a variety of functions including cell division, development and innate immunity. Although some substrates of MPK3, MPK4 and MPK6 have been identified, the picture is still far from complete. To identify substrates of these MAPKs likely involved in cell division, growth and development we compared the phosphoproteomes of wild-type and mpk3, mpk4, and mpk6. To study the function of these MAPKs in innate immunity, we analyzed their phosphoproteomes following microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) treatment. Partially overlapping substrates were retrieved for all three MAPKs, showing target specificity to one, two or all three MAPKs in different biological processes. More precisely, our results illustrate the fact that the entity to be defined as a specific or a shared substrate for MAPKs is not a phosphoprotein but a particular (S/T)P phosphorylation site in a given protein. One hundred fifty-two peptides were identified to be differentially phosphorylated in response to MAMP treatment and/or when compared between genotypes and 70 of them could be classified as putative MAPK targets. Biochemical analysis of a number of putative MAPK substrates by phosphorylation and interaction assays confirmed the global phosphoproteome approach. Our study also expands the set of MAPK substrates to involve other protein kinases, including calcium-dependent (CDPK) and sugar nonfermenting (SnRK) protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naganand Rayapuram
- From the ‡Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean Bigeard
- §Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France.,¶Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Hanna Alhoraibi
- From the ‡Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ludovic Bonhomme
- ‖UMR INRA/UBP Génétique, Diversité et Écophysiologie des Céréales, Université de Clermont-Ferrand, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Hesse
- **CEA, BIG-BGE-EDyP, U1038 Inserm/CEA/UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Joëlle Vinh
- ‡‡ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique (SMBP), CNRS USR 3149, 10 rue Vauquelin, F75231 Paris cedex05, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- From the ‡Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Delphine Pflieger
- **CEA, BIG-BGE-EDyP, U1038 Inserm/CEA/UGA, 38000 Grenoble, France.,§§CNRS, LAMBE UMR 8587, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Evry, France
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17
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Zhou S, Chen Q, Sun Y, Li Y. Histone H2B monoubiquitination regulates salt stress-induced microtubule depolymerization in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1512-1530. [PMID: 28337773 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) is recognized as a regulatory mechanism that controls a range of cellular processes. We previously showed that H2Bub1 was involved in responses to biotic stress in Arabidopsis. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of H2Bub1 in controlling responses to abiotic stress remain limited. Here, we report that HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION1 (HUB1) and HUB2 played important regulatory roles in response to salt stress. Phenotypic analysis revealed that H2Bub1 mutants confer decreased tolerance to salt stress. Further analysis showed that H2Bub1 regulated the depolymerization of microtubules (MTs), the expression of PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE1 (PTP1) and MAP KINASE PHOSPHATASE (MKP) genes - DsPTP1, MKP1, IBR5, PHS1, and was required for the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase3 (MAP kinase3, MPK3) and MPK6 in response to salt stress. Moreover, both tyrosine phosphorylation and the activation of MPK3 and MPK6 affected MT stability in salt stress response. Thus, the results indicate that H2Bub1 regulates salt stress-induced MT depolymerization, and the PTP-MPK3/6 signalling module is responsible for integrating signalling pathways that regulate MT stability, which is critical for plant salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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18
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Ghorbel M, Cotelle V, Ebel C, Zaidi I, Ormancey M, Galaud JP, Hanin M. Regulation of the wheat MAP kinase phosphatase 1 by 14-3-3 proteins. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 257:37-47. [PMID: 28224917 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) are major regulators of MAPK signaling pathways and play crucial roles in controlling growth, development and stress responses. The presence of several functional domains in plant MKPs such as a dual specificity phosphatase catalytic domain, gelsolin, calmodulin-binding and serine-rich domains, suggests that MKPs can interact with distinct cellular partners, others than MAPKs. In this report, we identified a canonical mode I 14-3-3-binding motif (574KLPSLP579) located at the carboxy-terminal region of the wheat MKP, TMKP1. We found that this motif is well-conserved among other MKPs from monocots including Hordeum vulgare, Brachypodium distachyon and Aegilops taushii. Using co-immunoprecipitation assays, we provide evidence for interaction between TMKP1 and 14-3-3 proteins in wheat. Moreover, the phosphatase activity of TMKP1 is increased in a phospho-dependent manner by either Arabidopsis or yeast 14-3-3 isoforms. TMKP1 activation by 14-3-3 proteins is enhanced by Mn2+, whereas in the presence of Ca2+ ions, TMKP1 activation was limited to Arabidopsis 14-3-3φ (phi), an isoform harboring an EF-hand motif. Such findings strongly suggest that 14-3-3 proteins, in conjunction with specific divalent cations, may stimulate TMKP1 activity and point-out that 14-3-3 proteins bind and regulate the activity of a MKP in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ghorbel
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Valérie Cotelle
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Chantal Ebel
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; University of Sfax, Institute of Biotechnology, BP "1175", 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Zaidi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mélanie Ormancey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Galaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Moez Hanin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; University of Sfax, Institute of Biotechnology, BP "1175", 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Liu Z, Li Y, Cao H, Ren D. Comparative phospho-proteomics analysis of salt-responsive phosphoproteins regulated by the MKK9-MPK6 cascade in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:138-50. [PMID: 26706066 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in the salt stress response in plants. However, the identities of specific proteins operating downstream of MAPKs in the salt stress response remain unclear. Our studies showed that mkk9 and mpk6 null mutant seedlings are hyposensitive to salt stress. Moreover, we showed that MPK6 was activated by salt stress, indicating that the MKK9-MPK6 cascade mediated the salt stress response in Arabidopsis. To identify phosphoproteins downstream of the MKK9-MPK6 cascade in the salt stress response pathway, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) with Pro-Q phosphoprotein staining and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify phosphoproteins induced by salt treatment in mkk9, mpk6, and wild-type seedlings. Phosphorylation of 4 proteins, including Rubisco activase (RCA), plastid ribosomal protein S 1 (PRPS1), plastid division protein (FtsZ2-2), and tortifolia2 (TOR2), was found to be regulated by activation of MKK9-MPK6 cascade. Further Phospho-proteomics analysis of MKK9(DD) mutant seedlings revealed that RCA phosphorylation was up-regulated as a result of MKK9 activation. The finding that the MKK9-MPK6 cascade functions in the salt stress response by regulating phosphorylation of RCA, PRPS1, FtsZ2-2, and TOR2, provides a novel insight into the MAPK-related mechanisms underlying the salt stress response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hanwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongtao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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20
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Kataya ARA, Schei E, Lillo C. MAP kinase phosphatase 1 harbors a novel PTS1 and is targeted to peroxisomes following stress treatments. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 179:12-20. [PMID: 25817413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, twenty mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs/MPKs) are regulated by five MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs). Arabidopsis MKP1 has an important role in biotic, abiotic and genotoxic stresses and has been shown to interact with and negatively regulate specifically MPK3 and MPK6. MKP1 has been reported to have a role in negative regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA) production. As essential organelles involved in production of ROS and SA, peroxisomes could possibly be an important compartment for MKP1 activity, however MKP1 was previously reported to be cytosolic. By screening Arabidopsis protein phosphatases for peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1), we identified MKP1 as a putative peroxisomal protein. Arabidopsis MKP1 was found to harbor a non-canonical PTS1-like tripeptide (Ser-Ala-Leu>) that is conserved in MKP1 orthologs. We show experimentally that the C-terminal Ser-Ala-Leu> can function as a novel PTS1, and alanine in position -2, adds more relaxation to the plant PTS1 motif. The full-length MKP1 remained in the cytosol when transiently expressed in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts under standard conditions. When different biotic and abiotic stresses were applied to mesophyll protoplasts, the full length protein changed its targeting to unidentified organelle-like structures that subsequently fused with peroxisomes. Our results identify MKP1 as a protein dually targeted to cytosol and peroxisomes. The finding that MKP1 targets peroxisomes by a non-canonical PTS1 under stressful conditions highlights the complexity of peroxisomal targeting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr R A Kataya
- University of Stavanger, Centre for Organelle Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Edit Schei
- University of Stavanger, Centre for Organelle Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Cathrine Lillo
- University of Stavanger, Centre for Organelle Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
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21
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Bigeard J, Colcombet J, Hirt H. Signaling mechanisms in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:521-39. [PMID: 25744358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants constantly have to face pathogen attacks. However, plant disease rarely occurs due to efficient immune systems possessed by the host plants. Pathogens are perceived by two different recognition systems that initiate the so-called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), both of which are accompanied by a set of induced defenses that usually repel pathogen attacks. Here we discuss the complex network of signaling pathways occurring during PTI, focusing on the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bigeard
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA/CNRS/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne/Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA/CNRS/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne/Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is an essential posttranslational modification mechanism executed by opposing actions of protein phosphatases and protein kinases. About 1,000 predicted kinases in Arabidopsis thaliana kinome predominate the number of protein phosphatases, of which there are only ~150 members in Arabidopsis. Protein phosphatases were often referred to as "housekeeping" enzymes, which act to keep eukaryotic systems in balance by counteracting the activity of protein kinases. However, recent investigations reveal the crucial and specific regulatory functions of phosphatases in cell signaling. Phosphatases operate in a coordinated manner with the protein kinases, to execute their important function in determining the cellular response to a physiological stimulus. Closer examination has established high specificity of phosphatases in substrate recognition and important roles in plant signaling pathways, such as pathogen defense and stress regulation, light and hormonal signaling, cell cycle and differentiation, metabolism, and plant growth. In this minireview we provide a compact overview about Arabidopsis protein phosphatase families, as well as members of phosphoglucan and lipid phosphatases, and highlight the recent discoveries in phosphatase research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Schweighofer
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, V. Graičiūno 8, 02241, Vilnius, Lithuania,
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23
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Pitzschke A. Modes of MAPK substrate recognition and control. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:49-55. [PMID: 25301445 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal, evolutionary conserved signalling modules, which translate environmental information into appropriate responses via phosphorylation of their substrate proteins. In Arabidopsis, the MAPK MPK3 regulates numerous cellular processes, including the adaptation to abiotic and biotic stresses. The molecular steps immediately downstream of MPK3 induction have, therefore, received abundant attention, and a respectable number of MPK3 targets are known by now. These proteins illustrate the substrate promiscuity of MPK3. They also are evidence for how manifold phosphorylation-regulated functions can be. This review presents the current knowledge about the function and regulation of MPK3-targeted proteins, takes a close look at their primary protein sequences, and proposes a model of how MPK3 recognises, binds, and phosphorylates its targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pitzschke
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria.
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24
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Lee J, Eschen-Lippold L, Lassowskat I, Böttcher C, Scheel D. Cellular reprogramming through mitogen-activated protein kinases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:940. [PMID: 26579181 PMCID: PMC4625042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved eukaryote signaling modules where MAPKs, as the final kinases in the cascade, phosphorylate protein substrates to regulate cellular processes. While some progress in the identification of MAPK substrates has been made in plants, the knowledge on the spectrum of substrates and their mechanistic action is still fragmentary. In this focused review, we discuss the biological implications of the data in our original paper (Sustained mitogen-activated protein kinase activation reprograms defense metabolism and phosphoprotein profile in Arabidopsis thaliana; Frontiers in Plant Science 5: 554) in the context of related research. In our work, we mimicked in vivo activation of two stress-activated MAPKs, MPK3 and MPK6, through transgenic manipulation of Arabidopsis thaliana and used phosphoproteomics analysis to identify potential novel MAPK substrates. Here, we plotted the identified putative MAPK substrates (and downstream phosphoproteins) as a global protein clustering network. Based on a highly stringent selection confidence level, the core networks highlighted a MAPK-induced cellular reprogramming at multiple levels of gene and protein expression-including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, post-translational (such as protein modification, folding, and degradation) steps, and also protein re-compartmentalization. Additionally, the increase in putative substrates/phosphoproteins of energy metabolism and various secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways coincides with the observed accumulation of defense antimicrobial substances as detected by metabolome analysis. Furthermore, detection of protein networks in phospholipid or redox elements suggests activation of downstream signaling events. Taken in context with other studies, MAPKs are key regulators that reprogram cellular events to orchestrate defense signaling in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lee
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle/Saale, Germany
- *Correspondence:
| | - Lennart Eschen-Lippold
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle/Saale, Germany
| | - Ines Lassowskat
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle/Saale, Germany
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Ecological Chemistry, Julius Kühn Institute, Plant Analysis and Stored Product ProtectionBerlin, Germany
| | - Dierk Scheel
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle/Saale, Germany
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Frei dit Frey N, Garcia AV, Bigeard J, Zaag R, Bueso E, Garmier M, Pateyron S, de Tauzia-Moreau ML, Brunaud V, Balzergue S, Colcombet J, Aubourg S, Martin-Magniette ML, Hirt H. Functional analysis of Arabidopsis immune-related MAPKs uncovers a role for MPK3 as negative regulator of inducible defences. Genome Biol 2014; 15:R87. [PMID: 24980080 PMCID: PMC4197828 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2014-15-6-r87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of immune responses in animals and plants. In Arabidopsis, perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) activates the MAPKs MPK3, MPK4 and MPK6. Increasing information depicts the molecular events activated by MAMPs in plants, but the specific and cooperative contributions of the MAPKs in these signalling events are largely unclear. RESULTS In this work, we analyse the behaviour of MPK3, MPK4 and MPK6 mutants in early and late immune responses triggered by the MAMP flg22 from bacterial flagellin. A genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveals that 36% of the flg22-upregulated genes and 68% of the flg22-downregulated genes are affected in at least one MAPK mutant. So far MPK4 was considered as a negative regulator of immunity, whereas MPK3 and MPK6 were believed to play partially redundant positive functions in defence. Our work reveals that MPK4 is required for the regulation of approximately 50% of flg22-induced genes and we identify a negative role for MPK3 in regulating defence gene expression, flg22-induced salicylic acid accumulation and disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Among the MAPK-dependent genes, 27% of flg22-upregulated genes and 76% of flg22-downregulated genes require two or three MAPKs for their regulation. The flg22-induced MAPK activities are differentially regulated in MPK3 and MPK6 mutants, both in amplitude and duration, revealing a highly interdependent network. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal a new set of distinct functions for MPK3, MPK4 and MPK6 and indicate that the plant immune signalling network is choreographed through the interplay of these three interwoven MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Frei dit Frey
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
- Present address: Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), UMR 5546, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS, 24, chemin de Borde Rouge B.P. 42617 Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Ana Victoria Garcia
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Jean Bigeard
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Rim Zaag
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Eduardo Bueso
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Marie Garmier
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes (IBP), CNRS-Université Paris-Sud - UMR 8618 - Saclay Plant Sciences, Orsay, Cedex 91405, France
| | - Stéphanie Pateyron
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), Plateforme Transcriptome, UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Marie-Ludivine de Tauzia-Moreau
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), Plateforme Transcriptome, UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Sébastien Aubourg
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 518 MIA, Paris 75005, France
- INRA, UMR 518 MIA, Paris 75005, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165 - Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne - ERL CNRS 8196 - Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry 91057, France
- Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Rayapuram N, Bonhomme L, Bigeard J, Haddadou K, Przybylski C, Hirt H, Pflieger D. Identification of novel PAMP-triggered phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events in Arabidopsis thaliana by quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2137-51. [PMID: 24601666 DOI: 10.1021/pr401268v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signaling cascades rely strongly on protein kinase-mediated substrate phosphorylation. Currently a major challenge in signal transduction research is to obtain high confidence substrate phosphorylation sites and assign them to specific kinases. In response to bacterial flagellin, a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), we searched for rapidly phosphorylated proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana by combining multistage activation (MSA) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) fragmentation modes, which generate complementary spectra and identify phosphopeptide sites with increased reliability. Of a total of 825 phosphopeptides, we identified 58 to be differentially phosphorylated. These peptides harbor kinase motifs of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), as well as yet unknown protein kinases. Importantly, 12 of the phosphopeptides show reduced phosphorylation upon flagellin treatment. Since protein abundance levels did not change, these results indicate that flagellin induces not only various protein kinases but also protein phosphatases, even though a scenario of inhibited kinase activity may also be possible.
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González Besteiro MA, Ulm R. Phosphorylation and stabilization of Arabidopsis MAP kinase phosphatase 1 in response to UV-B stress. J Biol Chem 2012. [PMID: 23188831 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.434654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) are important regulators of the activation levels and kinetics of MAP kinases. This is crucial for a large number of physiological processes during development and growth, as well as interactions with the environment, including the response to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) stress. Arabidopsis MKP1 is a key regulator of MAP kinases MPK3 and MPK6 in response to UV-B stress. However, virtually nothing is presently known about the post-translational regulation of plant MKPs in vivo. Here, we provide evidence that MKP1 is a phosphoprotein in vivo and that MKP1 accumulates in response to UV-B stress. Moreover, proteasome inhibitor experiments suggest that MKP1 is constantly turned-over under non-stress conditions and that MKP1 is stabilized upon stress treatment. Stress-responsive phosphorylation and stabilization of MKP1 demonstrate the post-translational regulation of a plant MKP in vivo, adding an additional regulatory layer to MAP kinase signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A González Besteiro
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Hoehenwarter W, Thomas M, Nukarinen E, Egelhofer V, Röhrig H, Weckwerth W, Conrath U, Beckers GJM. Identification of novel in vivo MAP kinase substrates in Arabidopsis thaliana through use of tandem metal oxide affinity chromatography. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 12:369-80. [PMID: 23172892 PMCID: PMC3567860 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades are important for eukaryotic signal transduction. They convert extracellular stimuli (e.g. some hormones, growth factors, cytokines, microbe- or damage-associated molecular patterns) into intracellular responses while at the same time amplifying the transmitting signal. By doing so, they ensure proper performance, and eventually survival, of a given organism, for example in times of stress. MPK cascades function via reversible phosphorylation of cascade components MEKKs, MEKs, and MPKs. In plants the identity of most MPK substrates remained elusive until now. Here, we provide a robust and powerful approach to identify and quantify, with high selectivity, site-specific phosphorylation of MPK substrate candidates in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Our approach represents a two-step chromatography combining phosphoprotein enrichment using Al(OH)(3)-based metal oxide affinity chromatography, tryptic digest of enriched phosphoproteins, and TiO(2)-based metal oxide affinity chromatography to enrich phosphopeptides from complex protein samples. When applied to transgenic conditional gain-of-function Arabidopsis plants supporting in planta activation of MPKs, the approach allows direct measurement and quantification ex vivo of site-specific phosphorylation of several reported and many yet unknown putative MPK substrates in just a single experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Department Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Takahashi H, Ozawa A, Nemoto K, Nozawa A, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Takeda H, Endo Y, Sawasaki T. Genome-wide biochemical analysis of Arabidopsis protein phosphatase using a wheat cell-free system. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3134-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Phosphorylation of the transcriptional regulator MYB44 by mitogen activated protein kinase regulates Arabidopsis seed germination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:703-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nguyen XC, Kim SH, Lee K, Kim KE, Liu XM, Han HJ, Hoang MHT, Lee SW, Hong JC, Moon YH, Chung WS. Identification of a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor (ZAT10) from Arabidopsis as a substrate of MAP kinase. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:737-45. [PMID: 22134874 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs or MPKs) are one of the most important and conserved signaling molecules in plants. MPKs can directly modulate gene expression by the phosphorylation of transcription factors. However, only a few target substrates of MPKs have been isolated. Here, we identified a C(2)H(2)-type zinc finger transcription factor from Arabidopsis, ZAT10, as a substrate of MPKs. Using in vitro and in vivo protein-protein interaction analyses, we demonstrated that ZAT10 directly interacted with MPK3 and MPK6. ZAT10 was phosphorylated by recombinant Arabidopsis MPK3 and MPK6 in a kinase assay. Furthermore, ZAT10 was also phosphorylated by native MPK3 and MPK6 prepared from Arabidopsis plants in an in-gel kinase assay. Mass spectrometry analysis of phosphopeptides was used to determine two MPK phosphorylation sites in ZAT10. These sites were verified by site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro kinase assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Canh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa, Room No. 6-320, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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