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Li Z, Wang Y, Yu L, Gu Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Qiu L. Overexpression of the Purple Perilla ( Perilla frutescens (L.)) FAD3a Gene Enhances Salt Tolerance in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10533. [PMID: 37445708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasingly serious trend of soil salinization inhibits the normal growth and development of soybeans, leading to reduced yields and a serious threat to global crop production. Microsomal ω-3 fatty acid desaturase encoded by the FAD3 gene is a plant enzyme that plays a significant role in α-linolenic acid synthesis via regulating the membrane fluidity to better accommodate various abiotic stresses. In this study, PfFAD3a was isolated from perilla and overexpressed in soybeans driven by CaMV P35S, and the salt tolerance of transgenic plants was then evaluated. The results showed that overexpression of PfFAD3a increased the expression of PfFAD3a in both the leaves and seeds of transgenic soybean plants, and α-linolenic acid content also significantly increased; hence, it was shown to significantly enhance the salt tolerance of transgenic plants. Physiological and biochemical analysis showed that overexpression of PfFAD3a increased the relative chlorophyll content and PSII maximum photochemical efficiency of transgenic soybean plants under salt stress; meanwhile, a decreased accumulation of MDA, H2O2, and O2•-, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), as well as the production of proline and soluble sugar. In summary, the overexpression of PfFAD3a may enhance the salt tolerance in transgenic soybean plants through enhanced membrane fluidity and through the antioxidant capacity induced by C18:3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lili Yu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongzhe Gu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Tong A, Liu W, Wang H, Liu X, Xia G, Zhu J. Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the cell wall and aluminum toxicity related to rusty root syndrome of Panax ginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1142211. [PMID: 37384362 PMCID: PMC10293891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1142211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Rusty root syndrome is a common and serious disease in the process of Panax ginseng cultivation. This disease greatly decreases the production and quality of P. ginseng and causes a severe threat to the healthy development of the ginseng industry. However, its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, Illumina high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was used for comparative transcriptome analysis of healthy and rusty root-affected ginseng. The roots of rusty ginseng showed 672 upregulated genes and 526 downregulated genes compared with the healthy ginseng roots. There were significant differences in the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction. Further analysis showed that the cell wall synthesis and modification of ginseng has a strong response to rusty root syndrome. Furthermore, the rusty ginseng increased aluminum tolerance by inhibiting Al entering cells through external chelating Al and cell wall-binding Al. The present study establishes a molecular model of the ginseng response to rusty roots. Our findings provide new insights into the occurrence of rusty root syndrome, which will reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of ginseng response to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizi Tong
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China
| | - Guangqing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China
| | - Junyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China
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Rai GK, Kumar P, Choudhary SM, Kosser R, Khanday DM, Choudhary S, Kumar B, Magotra I, Kumar RR, Ram C, Rouphael Y, Corrado G, Behera TK. Biomimetic Strategies for Developing Abiotic Stress-Tolerant Tomato Cultivars: An Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:86. [PMID: 36616215 PMCID: PMC9823378 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The tomato is one of the most important vegetables in the world. The demand for tomatoes is high in virtually any country, owing to their gastronomic versatility and nutritional and aromatic value. Drought, salinity, and inadequate temperature can be major factors in diminishing yield, affecting physiological and biochemical processes and altering various metabolic pathways, from the aggregation of low molecular-weight substances to the transcription of specific genes. Various biotechnological tools can be used to alter the tomato genes so that this species can more rapidly or better adapt to abiotic stress. These approaches range from the introgression of genes coding for specific enzymes for mitigating a prevailing stress to genetic modifications that alter specific metabolic pathways to help tomato perceive environmental cues and/or withstand adverse conditions. In recent years, environmental and social concerns and the high complexity of the plant response may increase the attention of applied plant biotechnology toward biomimetic strategies, generally defined as all the approaches that seek to develop more sustainable and acceptable strategies by imitating nature's time-tested solutions. In this review, we provide an overview of some of the genetic sequences and molecules that were the objects of biotechnological intervention in tomato as examples of approaches to achieve tolerance to abiotic factors, improving existing nature-based mechanisms and solutions (biomimetic biotechnological approaches (BBA)). Finally, we discuss implications and perspectives within the GMO debate, proposing that crops modified with BBA should receive less stringent regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanendra Kumar Rai
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Integrated Farming System, ICAR—Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India
| | - Sadiya Maryam Choudhary
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Rafia Kosser
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Danish Mushtaq Khanday
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Shallu Choudhary
- Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Bupesh Kumar
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Isha Magotra
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Ranjit Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Chet Ram
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR—Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner 334006, India
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- ICAR—Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini (Shahanshapur), Varanasi 221305, India
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Genome-Wide Identification of Membrane-Bound Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes in Three Peanut Species and Their Expression in Arachis hypogaea during Drought Stress. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101718. [PMID: 36292603 PMCID: PMC9601973 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a crop irrigated primarily by rain, the quality and yield of peanuts are significantly limited by drought. To date, many studies have indicated that fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes enhance plant tolerance to drought stresses. In this study, 16, 15, and 31 FADs were identified in Arachis duranensis, Arachis ipaensis, and Arachis hypogaea, respectively. All the FADs were divided into four subfamilies, which had relatively conserved gene structures, motifs, and domains. The synteny relationships and chromosomal position analysis showed that the FADs in subgenome pairs, A. duranensis-A. hypogaea (AA) and A. ipaensis-A. hypogaea (BB), were homologous, and their physical locations were consistent. The Ka/Ks results indicated that nine FAD genes underwent a purifying selection, and Ah|FAD3.2 experienced positive selection during tetraploid peanut speciation. Various cis-acting elements related to hormone signaling and stress responsiveness in promoters and the predicted miRNA targeting Ah|FADs suggested that these genes play crucial roles in drought tolerance. The expression profiles of Ah|FADs in 22 tissues and drought-tolerant and -sensitive cultivars under drought stress suggested that 4 and 6 FADs were putative genes related to oil accumulation and drought, respectively. These findings will help provide insight into the potential functional roles of the FAD genes, which may aid in dealing with plant drought stress.
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Wei H, Movahedi A, Xu S, Zhang Y, Liu G, Aghaei-Dargiri S, Ghaderi Zefrehei M, Zhu S, Yu C, Chen Y, Zhong F, Zhang J. Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of Fatty acid Desaturase Gene Family in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911109. [PMID: 36232411 PMCID: PMC9570219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) modulate carbon–carbon single bonds to form carbon–carbon double bonds in acyl chains, leading to unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) that have vital roles in plant growth and development and their response to environmental stresses. In this study, a total of 23 Populus trichocarpaFAD (PtFAD) candidates were identified from the poplar genome and clustered into seven clades, including FAB2, FAD2, FAD3/7/8, FAD5, FAD6, DSD, and SLD. The exon–intron compositions and conserved motifs of the PtFADs, clustered into the same clade, were considerably conserved. It was found that segmental duplication events are predominantly attributable to the PtFAD gene family expansion. Several hormone- and stress-responsive elements in the PtFAD promoters implied that the expression of the PtFAD members was complicatedly regulated. A gene expression pattern analysis revealed that some PtFAD mRNA levels were significantly induced by abiotic stress. An interaction proteins and gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the PtFADs are closely associated with the UFAs biosynthesis. In addition, the UFA contents in poplars were significantly changed under drought and salt stresses, especially the ratio of linoleic and linolenic acids. The integration of the PtFAD expression patterns and UFA contents showed that the abiotic stress-induced PtFAD3/7/8 members mediating the conversion of linoleic and linolenic acids play vital roles in response to osmotic stress. This study highlights the profiles and functions of the PtFADs and identifies some valuable genes for forest improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Arts and Sciences, Arlington International University, Wilmington, DE 19804, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Songzhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Soheila Aghaei-Dargiri
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 7916193145, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghaderi Zefrehei
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj 7591874831, Iran
| | - Sheng Zhu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.Z.)
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6
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Guo Q, Liu L, Rupasinghe TWT, Roessner U, Barkla BJ. Salt stress alters membrane lipid content and lipid biosynthesis pathways in the plasma membrane and tonoplast. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:805-826. [PMID: 35289902 PMCID: PMC9157097 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell membranes are the sites of sensing and initiation of rapid responses to changing environmental factors including salinity stress. Understanding the mechanisms involved in membrane remodeling is important for studying salt tolerance in plants. This task remains challenging in complex tissue due to suboptimal subcellular membrane isolation techniques. Here, we capitalized on the use of a surface charge-based separation method, free flow electrophoresis, to isolate the tonoplast (TP) and plasma membrane (PM) from leaf tissue of the halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.). Results demonstrated a membrane-specific lipidomic remodeling in this plant under salt conditions, including an increased proportion of bilayer forming lipid phosphatidylcholine in the TP and an increase in nonbilayer forming and negatively charged lipids (phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine) in the PM. Quantitative proteomics showed salt-induced changes in proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis and desaturation, glycerolipid, and sterol synthesis, as well as proteins involved in lipid signaling, binding, and trafficking. These results reveal an essential plant mechanism for membrane homeostasis wherein lipidome remodeling in response to salt stress contributes to maintaining the physiological function of individual subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Lei Liu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Thusitha W T Rupasinghe
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
- Sciex, Mulgrave, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
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Wu F, Chen Z, Zhang F, Zheng H, Li S, Gao Y, Yang J, Sui N. Identification and Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Related to Membrane Lipid Regulation in Sweet Sorghum under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105465. [PMID: 35628281 PMCID: PMC9141458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet sorghum has strong stress resistance and is considered a promising energy crop. In the present study, the effects of salt on the membrane lipid metabolism of two sweet sorghum inbred lines (salt-tolerant M-81E and salt-sensitive Roma) were analyzed. After treatment with 150 mM NaCl, higher levels of fresh weight and chlorophyll fluorescence, as well as lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were found in salt-tolerant M-81E. Concomitantly, 702 and 1339 differentially expression genes (DEGs) in M-81E and Roma were identified in response to salt stress. We determined that most DEGs were related to glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and other membrane lipid metabolisms. Under NaCl treatment, the expression of the membrane-associated phospholipase A1 was down-regulated at the transcriptional level, along with an increased content of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in both cultivars. The inhibition of triacylglycerol (TAG) mobilization in M-81E delayed salt-induced leaf senescence. Furthermore, enhanced levels of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) expression contributed to improved salt resistance in M-81E. The results of this study demonstrate membrane the role of lipid regulation in mediating salt-defensive responses in sweet sorghum and expand our understanding of the relationship between changes in membrane lipid content and salt resistance.
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Jin Z, Wang J, Cao X, Wei C, Kuang J, Chen K, Zhang B. Peach fruit PpNAC1 activates PpFAD3-1 transcription to provide ω-3 fatty acids for the synthesis of short-chain flavor volatiles. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac085. [PMID: 35685221 PMCID: PMC9172071 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from fatty acids are major contributors to fruit flavor and affect human preferences. The ω-3 fatty acid linolenic acid 3 (18:3) serves as an important precursor for synthesis of (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenol. These short-chain C6 VOCs provide unique fresh notes in multiple fruit species. Metabolic engineering to improve fruit aroma requires knowledge of the regulation of fatty acid-derived VOCs. Here, we determined that ripe fruit-specific expression of PpFAD3-1 contributes to 18:3 synthesis in peach fruit. However, no significant increases in (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenol were detected after overexpressing PpFAD3-1. Interestingly, overexpressing the PpNAC1 transcription factor increased the content of 18:3 and enhanced the production of its derived volatiles. Moreover, induced expression of genes responsible for downstream VOC synthesis was observed for transgenic tomato fruit overexpressing PpNAC1, but not for transgenic fruit overexpressing PpFAD3-1. Electrophoretic mobility shift and ChIP-Seq assays showed that PpNAC1 activated PpFAD3-1 expression via binding to its promoter. Therefore, PpNAC1 plays an important role in modulating fatty acid flux to produce fruit flavor-related VOCs. In addition to PpNAC1, PpFAD3-1 expression was also associated with epigenetic modifications during peach fruit ripening. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating biosynthesis of fatty acid and short-chain VOCs in fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Jin
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang Campus, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangmei Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunyan Wei
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianfei Kuang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Transcriptome Characterization of the Roles of Abscisic Acid and Calcium Signaling during Water Deficit in Garlic. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops, and breeding drought-tolerant varieties is a vital research goal. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms in response to drought stress in garlic are still limited. In this study, garlic seedlings were subjected to 15% PEG6000 for 0, 1, 4, and 12 h, respectively, to simulate drought stress. Changes of transcriptomes as a result of drought stress in garlic leaves were determined by de novo assembly using the Illumina platform. In total, 96,712 unigenes and 11,936 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the presence of drought conditions. Transcriptome profiling revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, MAPK signaling pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. Genes involved in abscisic acid and calcium signaling were further investigated and discussed. Our results indicated that a coordinated interplay between abscisic acid and calcium is required for drought-induced response in garlic.
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10
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Cheng C, Liu F, Sun X, Wang B, Liu J, Ni X, Hu C, Deng G, Tong Z, Zhang Y, Lü P. Genome-wide identification of FAD gene family and their contributions to the temperature stresses and mutualistic and parasitic fungi colonization responses in banana. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:661-676. [PMID: 35181326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturase (FAD) plays important roles in plant growth and development and plant defense processes. In this study, we identified 27 MaFAD genes from the banana genome. According to the amino acid sequence similarities, their encoded proteins could be classified into five subfamilies. This classification is consistently supported by their gene and protein structures, conserved motifs and subcellular localizations. Segmental duplication events were found to play predominant roles in the MaFAD gene family expansion. Thirty miRNAs targeting MaFADs were identified and many hormone- and stress-responsive cis-acting elements and transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) were identified in their promoters, indicating that the MaFADs expression regulation was very complicated. Gene expression analysis showed that some MaFADs showed significant differential expression in response to high and low temperature. FocTR4 influenced greatly the expression of several MaFADs and greatly induced the fatty acid (FA) accumulations in roots. Although S. indica showed no significant influence on the expression of most MaFADs, it could greatly alleviate the influence of FocTR4 on several MaFADs and FA biosynthesis. Our study revealed that MaFADs contributed greatly to the responses of high and low temperature stresses and mutualistic and parasitic fungi colonization in banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhen Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xueli Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiapeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xueting Ni
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guiming Deng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zheng Tong
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yongyan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Peitao Lü
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Feng S, Shen Y, Xu H, Dong J, Chen K, Xiang Y, Jiang X, Yao C, Lu T, Huan W, Wang H. RNA-Seq Identification of Cd Responsive Transporters Provides Insights into the Association of Oxidation Resistance and Cd Accumulation in Cucumis sativus L. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121973. [PMID: 34943077 PMCID: PMC8750378 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) has grown rapidly and has become a major force for cucumber production in China. In highly intensive GVP systems, excessive fertilization results in soil acidification, increasing Cd accumulation and oxidative stress damage in vegetables as well as increasing health risk of vegetable consumers. Therefore, enhancing antioxidant capacity and activating the expression level of Cd transporter genes seem to be feasible solutions to promote plant resistance to Cd stress and to reduce accumulated Cd concentration. Here, we used transcriptomics to identify five cucumber transporter genes (CsNRAMP1, CsNRAMP4, CsHMA1, CsZIP1, and CsZIP8) in response to cadmium stress, which were involved in Cd transport activity in yeast. Ionomics, gene expression, and REDOX reaction level association analyses have shown that the transcript of CsNRAMP4 was positively correlated with Cd accumulation and antioxidant capacity of cucumber roots. The expression level of CsHMA1 was negatively correlated with Cd-induced antioxidant capacity. The overexpression of CsHMA1 significantly relieved Cd stress-induced antioxidant activities. In addition, shoots with high CsHMA2 expression remarkably presented Cd bioaccumulation. Grafting experiments confirmed that CsHMA1 contributed to the high antioxidant capacity of cucumber, while CsHMA2 was responsible for the transport of Cd from the roots to the shoots. Our study elucidated a novel regulatory mechanism for Cd transport and oxidative damage removal in horticultural melons and provided a perspective to regulate Cd transport artificially by modulating Cd accumulation and resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yanghui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Huinan Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Junyang Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Kexin Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yu Xiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xianda Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chenjie Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Tao Lu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Weiwei Huan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Huasen Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.F.); (H.X.); (J.D.); (K.C.); (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-63740028
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12
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Zhang B, Xia P, Yu H, Li W, Chai W, Liang Z. Based on the whole genome clarified the evolution and expression process of fatty acid desaturase genes in three soybeans. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1966-1980. [PMID: 34052275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is an important oil crop cultivated worldwide. With the increasing global population crossed with growing challenging cultivation conditions, improving soybean breeding by selecting important traits is urgent needed. Genes coding for plant fatty acid desaturases (FADs) genes are major candidates for that, because they are involving in controlling fatty acid composition and holding membrane fluidity under abiotic stress. Here, 75 FADs were found in three soybean genomes, which were further classified into four sub-groups. Phylogenetic tree, gene structure, motif and promoter analysis showed that the FAD gene family was conserved in the three soybeans. In addition, the numbers of omega desaturase from Chinese cultivated varieties were significantly higher than those in Chinese wild soybean and ancient polyploid soybean, respectively. However, it was the opposite for the sphingolipid subfamily. These results indicated that each subfamily was subjected to different selection pressures during cultivation and domestication. As the extra genes of the subfamily were very close to other family members' positions on chromosomes, they should be produced by duplication. The cis-element analysis of FAD promoter sequences revealed that upstream sequences of FAD contained abundant light, hormone and abiotic stress responsive cis-elements, suggesting that the quality of soybean could be improved by regulating these stresses. Expression analysis of Chinese wild soybean under salt stress showed that GsDES1.1, GsDES1.2, GsFAD2.1 and GsSLD1 in leaves and GsSLD2, GsSLD5 and GsSLD6 in roots were not closely related to salt stress response. Therefore, we explored the significant role of conserved, duplicated and neofunctionalized FAD in the domestication of soybean, which contributes to the importance of soybean as a global oil crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengguo Xia
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Haizheng Yu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenrui Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiguo Chai
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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13
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Chen C, Travis AJ, Hossain M, Islam MR, Price AH, Norton GJ. Genome-wide association mapping of sodium and potassium concentration in rice grains and shoots under alternate wetting and drying and continuously flooded irrigation. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2315-2334. [PMID: 33942137 PMCID: PMC8263461 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Identification of a large number of QTL and candidate genes for sodium accumulation in a field grown population of rice derived from the aus subpopulation. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a globally important cereal crop. Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) are the major monovalent ions which affect rice growth, and exploring their uptake mechanisms will be useful for understanding rice biology. Since the balance of Na+ and K+ plays a significant role in adaptation of rice to salinity, that biology might inform the search for tolerance. In this study, the Na+ and K+ concentration and Na+/K+ ratio in grains and shoots were analyzed in the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel grown in field conditions under continuously flooded (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation. Overall, AWD irrigation significantly reduced the Na+ concentration and increased the K+ concentration in shoots and grains compared to the plants grown under CF. Genome-wide association mapping was conducted on Na+, K+ concentration and Na+/K+ ratio with 2 million SNPs using an efficient mixed model. Only QTLs which contained more than two significant SNPs (p < 0.0001) and where at least one of these significant SNPs passed a 10% false discovery rate were reported. A total of 106 QTLs were identified as being associated with Na+ concentration and Na+/K+ ratio across all traits and field conditions, with 48 QTLs found in multiple traits and/or water conditions. Four notable QTLs (one each on chromosomes 1 and 11, two on chromosome 2) and the haplotype variants of four candidate genes (OsHKT1;5, OsNHX2, LOC_Os02g32490 and OsFAD2_1) are discussed. The QTLs/candidate genes identified here could be useful for breeding rice that accumulates lower concentrations of sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijin Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Anthony J Travis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Mahmud Hossain
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Adam H Price
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Gareth J Norton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK.
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14
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Halim NFAA, Ali MSM, Leow ATC, Rahman RNZRA. Membrane-bound Δ12 fatty acid desaturase (FAD12); From Brassica napus to E. coli expression system. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:242-251. [PMID: 33737181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturase catalyzes the desaturation reactions by insertion of double bonds into the fatty acyl chain, producing unsaturated fatty acids. Though soluble fatty acid desaturases have been studied widely in advanced organisms, there are very limited studies of membrane fatty acid desaturases due to the difficulty of generating recombinant desaturase. Brassica napus is a rapeseed, which possesses a range of different membrane-bound desaturases capable of producing fatty acids including Δ3, Δ4, Δ8, Δ9, Δ12, and Δ15 fatty acids. The 1155 bp open reading frame of Δ12 fatty acid desaturase (FAD12) from Brassica napus codes for 383 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 44 kDa. It was expressed in Escherichia coli at 37 °C in soluble and insoluble forms when induced with 0.5 mM IPTG. Soluble FAD12 has been purified using Ni2+-Sepharose affinity chromatography with a total protein yield of 0.728 mg/mL. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that desaturase activity of FAD12 could produce linoleic acid from oleic acid at a retention time of 17.6 with a conversion rate of 47%. Characterization of purified FAD12 revealed the optimal temperature of FAD12 was 50 °C with 2 mM preferred substrate concentration of oleic acid. Analysis of circular dichroism (CD) showed FAD12 was made up of 47.3% and 0.9% of alpha-helix and β-sheet secondary structures. The predicted Tm value was 50.2 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Farah Anis Abd Halim
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Adam Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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15
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Ahmadizadeh M, Rezaee S, Heidari P. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of fatty acid desaturase gene family in Camelina sativa. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Li J, Liu LN, Meng Q, Fan H, Sui N. The roles of chloroplast membrane lipids in abiotic stress responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1807152. [PMID: 32815751 PMCID: PMC7588187 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1807152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant chloroplasts have complex membrane systems. Among these, thylakoids serve as the sites for photosynthesis and photosynthesis-related adaptation. In addition to the photosynthetic membrane complexes and associated molecules, lipids in the thylakoid membranes, are predominantly composed of MGDG (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol), DGDG (digalactosyldiacylglycerol), SQDG (sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol) and PG (phosphatidylglycerol), play essential roles in shaping the thylakoid architecture, electron transfer, and photoregulation. In this review, we discuss the effect of abiotic stress on chloroplast structure, the changes in membrane lipid composition, and the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids. Advanced understanding of the mechanisms regulating chloroplast membrane lipids and unsaturated fatty acids in response to abiotic stresses is indispensable for improving plant resistance and may inform the strategies of crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Hai Fan Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- CONTACT Na Sui
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17
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Hao N, Han D, Huang K, Du Y, Yang J, Zhang J, Wen C, Wu T. Genome-based breeding approaches in major vegetable crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1739-1752. [PMID: 31728564 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable crops are major nutrient sources for humanity and have been well-cultivated since thousands of years of domestication. With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing and high-throughput genotyping technologies, the reference genome of more than 20 vegetables have been well-assembled and published. Resequencing approaches on large-scale germplasm resources have clarified the domestication and improvement of vegetable crops by human selection; its application on genetic mapping and quantitative trait locus analysis has led to the discovery of key genes and molecular markers linked to important traits in vegetables. Moreover, genome-based breeding has been utilized in many vegetable crops, including Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Cruciferae, and other families, thereby promoting molecular breeding at a single-nucleotide level. Thus, genome-wide SNP markers have been widely used, and high-throughput genotyping techniques have become one of the most essential methods in vegetable breeding. With the popularization of gene editing technology research on vegetable crops, breeding efficiency can be rapidly increased, especially by combining the genomic and variomic information of vegetable crops. This review outlines the present genome-based breeding approaches used for major vegetable crops to provide insights into next-generation molecular breeding for the increasing global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Deguo Han
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yalin Du
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Changlong Wen
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing, 100097, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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18
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Chen S, Wang XJ, Tan GF, Zhou WQ, Wang GL. Gibberellin and the plant growth retardant Paclobutrazol altered fruit shape and ripening in tomato. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:853-861. [PMID: 31863170 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruit shape and ripening are major horticultural traits for many fruits and vegetable crops. Changes in fruit shape and ripening are often accomplished by altered cell division or cell expansion patterns. Gibberellic acids (GAs) are essential for tomato fruit development; however, the exact role and the underlying mechanism are still elusive. To elucidate the relationship between gibberellins and fruit shape and ripening in tomato, GA3 and gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) were applied to tomato. Fruit shape index was increased when GA3 was applied, which was mainly attributed to the increased organ elongation. The expression levels of genes involved in cell elongation and expansion were altered at the same time. In addition, GA delayed the ripening time by regulating the transcript levels of ethylene-related genes. By contrast, PAC application decreased fruit shape index and shortened fruit ripening time. These results demonstrate that manipulation of GA levels can simultaneously influence tomato fruit shape and ripening. Further studies aimed to regulate fruit shape and ripening can be achieved by altering GA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Shaanxi XueQian Normal University, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Guo-Fei Tan
- Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, China
| | - Wen-Qi Zhou
- Crop Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guang-Long Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
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19
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Berestovoy MA, Pavlenko OS, Goldenkova-Pavlova IV. Plant Fatty Acid Desaturases: Role in the Life of Plants and Biotechnological Potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079086420020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Balogh E, Juhász C, Dankó T, Fodor J, Tóbiás I, Gullner G. The expression of several pepper fatty acid desaturase genes is robustly activated in an incompatible pepper-tobamovirus interaction, but only weakly in a compatible interaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 148:347-358. [PMID: 32004918 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The replication of positive strand RNA viruses in plant cells is markedly influenced by the desaturation status of fatty acid chains in lipids of intracellular plant membranes. At present, little is known about the role of lipid desaturation in the replication of tobamoviruses. Therefore, we investigated the expression of fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes and the fatty acid composition of pepper leaves inoculated with two different tobamoviruses. Obuda pepper virus (ObPV) inoculation induced a hypersensitive reaction (incompatible interaction) while Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) inoculation caused a systemic infection (compatible interaction). Changes in the expression of 16 FADs were monitored in pepper leaves following ObPV and PMMoV inoculations. ObPV inoculation rapidly and markedly upregulated seven Δ12-FADs that encode enzymes putatively located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. In contrast, PMMoV inoculation resulted in a weaker but rapid upregulation of two Δ12-FADs and a Δ15-FAD. The expression of genes encoding plastidial FADs was not influenced neither by ObPV nor by PMMoV. In accordance with gene expression results, a significant accumulation of linoleic acid was observed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in ObPV-, but not in PMMoV-inoculated leaves. ObPV inoculation led to a marked accumulation of H2O2 in the inoculated leaves. Therefore, the effect of H2O2 treatments on the expression of six tobamovirus-inducible FADs was also studied. The expression of these FADs was upregulated to different degrees by H2O2 that correlated with ObPV-inducibility of these FADs. These results underline the importance of further studies on the role of pepper FADs in pepper-tobamovirus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Balogh
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022, Budapest, Herman Ottó út 15, Hungary
| | - Csilla Juhász
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022, Budapest, Herman Ottó út 15, Hungary
| | - Tamás Dankó
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022, Budapest, Herman Ottó út 15, Hungary
| | - József Fodor
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022, Budapest, Herman Ottó út 15, Hungary
| | - István Tóbiás
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022, Budapest, Herman Ottó út 15, Hungary
| | - Gábor Gullner
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022, Budapest, Herman Ottó út 15, Hungary.
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21
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He M, Ding NZ. Plant Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Multiple Roles in Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:562785. [PMID: 33013981 PMCID: PMC7500430 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.562785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Land plants are exposed to not only biotic stresses such as pathogen infection and herbivore wounding, but abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, drought, and salt. Elaborate strategies have been developed to avoid or abide the adverse effects, with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) emerging as general defenders. In higher plants, the most common UFAs are three 18-carbon species, namely, oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and α-linolenic (18:3) acids. These simple compounds act as ingredients and modulators of cellular membranes in glycerolipids, reserve of carbon and energy in triacylglycerol, stocks of extracellular barrier constituents (e.g., cutin and suberin), precursors of various bioactive molecules (e.g., jasmonates and nitroalkenes), and regulators of stress signaling. Nevertheless, they are also potential inducers of oxidative stress. In this review, we will present an overview of these roles and then shed light on genetic engineering of FA synthetic genes for improving plant/crop stress tolerance.
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22
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Feng K, Liu JX, Xing GM, Sun S, Li S, Duan AQ, Wang F, Li MY, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. Selection of appropriate reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis under abiotic stress and hormone treatment in celery. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7925. [PMID: 31660275 PMCID: PMC6815649 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Celery is one of the most important vegetable crop and its yield and quality is influenced by many environmental factors. Researches on gene expression not only help to unravel the molecular regulatory mechanism but also identify the key genes in the biological response. RT-qPCR is a commonly used technology to quantify the gene expression. Selecting an appropriate reference gene is an effective approach to improve the accuracy of RT-qPCR assay. To our knowledge, the evaluation of reference genes under different treatments in celery has not been reported yet. In this study, the expression stabilities of eight candidate reference genes (ACTIN, eIF-4α , GAPDH, TBP, TUB-A, UBC, TUB-B, and EF-1α ) under abiotic stresses (heat, cold, drought, and salt) and hormone treatments (SA, MeJA, GA, and ABA) were detected. The expression stabilities of candidate genes were compared and ranked by geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt, and RefFinder programs. The results calculated by different programs were not completely consistent. Considering the comprehensive analysis results, ACTIN was the most stable reference gene and TUB-B showed the worst expression stabilities under the selected abiotic stress and hormone treatments in celery. The reliability of reference genes was further confirmed by the normalization of CAT1 gene under drought stress. This study presented evidences and basis to select the appropriate reference genes under different treatments in celery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie-xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Ming Xing
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Sen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Ao-Qi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Membrane Lipid Remodeling in Response to Salinity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174264. [PMID: 31480391 PMCID: PMC6747501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most decisive environmental factors threatening the productivity of crop plants. Understanding the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance is critical to be able to maintain or improve crop yield under these adverse environmental conditions. Plant membranes act as biological barriers, protecting the contents of cells and organelles from biotic and abiotic stress, including salt stress. Alterations in membrane lipids in response to salinity have been observed in a number of plant species including both halophytes and glycophytes. Changes in membrane lipids can directly affect the properties of membrane proteins and activity of signaling molecules, adjusting the fluidity and permeability of membranes, and activating signal transduction pathways. In this review, we compile evidence on the salt stress responses of the major membrane lipids from different plant tissues, varieties, and species. The role of membrane lipids as signaling molecules in response to salinity is also discussed. Advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques have largely expanded our knowledge of salt-induced changes in lipids, however only a handful studies have investigated the underlying mechanisms of membrane lipidome regulation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent works that have been carried out on lipid remodeling of plant membranes under salt treatment. Challenges and future perspectives in understanding the mechanisms of salt-induced changes to lipid metabolisms are proposed.
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Moretti S, Francini A, Hernández ML, Martínez-Rivas JM, Sebastiani L. Effect of saline irrigation on physiological traits, fatty acid composition and desaturase genes expression in olive fruit mesocarp. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 141:423-430. [PMID: 31233983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of salinity on physiological traits, fatty acid composition and desaturase genes expression in fruit mesocarp of olive cultivar Leccino was investigated. Significant reduction of shoot elongation (-12%) during salt treatments (80 mM NaCl) was associated with the translocation of Na in the aerial part. After 75 days of treatment, fruits from each plant were subdivided into four maturation groups (MG0, MG1, MG2, MG3) according to ripening degrees. Na accumulation increased in each MG under salinity, reaching the highest values in MG1 fruits (2654 mg kg-1 DW). Salinity caused an acceleration of the ripening process, increased fruit number and decreased total fatty acids content in MG3. An increase in oleic acid at MG1 (53%) was detected, with consequent increase in the oleic/linoleic (41%) and decrease in the polyunsaturated/monounsaturated ratios (30%). Those variations could be explained by the synergic up-regulation of OeSAD1, together with the down-regulation of OeFAD6 transcript levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Moretti
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Francini
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
| | - M Luisa Hernández
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Luca Sebastiani
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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25
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Guo SM, Tan Y, Chu HJ, Sun MX, Xing JC. Transcriptome sequencing revealed molecular mechanisms underlying tolerance of Suaeda salsa to saline stress. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219979. [PMID: 31335886 PMCID: PMC6650071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The halophyte Suaeda salsa displayed strong resistance to salinity. Up to date, molecular mechanisms underlying tolerance of S. salsa to salinity have not been well understood. In the present study, S. salsa seedlings were treated with 30‰ salinity and then leaves and roots were subjected to Illumina sequencing. Compared with the control, 68,599 and 77,250 unigenes were significantly differentially expressed in leaves and roots in saline treatment, respectively. KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that photosynthesis process, carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolisms were all downregulated in saline treatment, which should inhibit growth of S. salsa. Expression levels of Na+/H+ exchanger, V-H+ ATPase, choline monooxygenase, potassium and chloride channels were upregulated in saline treatment, which could relieve reduce over-accumulation of Na+ and Cl-. Fe-SOD, glutathione, L-ascorbate and flavonoids function as antioxidants in plants. Genes in relation to them were all upregulated, suggesting that S. salsa initiated various antioxidant mechanisms to tolerate high salinity. Besides, plant hormones, especially auxin, ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling transduction pathways were all upregulated in response to saline treatment, which were important to gene regulations of ion transportation and antioxidation. These changes might comprehensively contribute to tolerance of S. salsa to salinity. Overall, the present study provided new insights to understand the mechanisms underlying tolerance to salinity in halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ming Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ying Tan
- College of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Han-Jie Chu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Xia Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Cheng Xing
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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Saini R, Kumar S. Genome-wide identification, characterization and in-silico profiling of genes encoding FAD (fatty acid desaturase) proteins in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2019.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Ferrol N, Azcón-Aguilar C, Pérez-Tienda J. Review: Arbuscular mycorrhizas as key players in sustainable plant phosphorus acquisition: An overview on the mechanisms involved. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:441-447. [PMID: 30824024 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a poorly available macronutrient essential for plant growth and development and consequently for successful crop yield and ecosystem productivity. To cope with P limitations plants have evolved strategies for enhancing P uptake and/or improving P efficiency use. The universal 450-million-yr-old arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) (fungus-root) symbioses are one of the most successful and widespread strategies to maximize access of plants to available P. AM fungi biotrophically colonize the root cortex of most plant species and develop an extraradical mycelium which overgrows the nutrient depletion zone of the soil surrounding plant roots. This hyphal network is specialized in the acquisition of low mobility nutrients from soil, particularly P. During the last years, molecular biology techniques coupled to novel physiological approaches have provided fascinating contributions to our understanding of the mechanisms of symbiotic P transport. Mycorrhiza-specific plant phosphate transporters, which are required not only for symbiotic P transfer but also for maintenance of the symbiosis, have been identified. The present review provides an overview of the contribution of AM fungi to plant P acquisition and an update of recent findings on the physiological, molecular and regulatory mechanisms of P transport in the AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Ferrol
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
| | - Concepción Azcón-Aguilar
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Jacob Pérez-Tienda
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
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28
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Tang W, Ouyang C, Liu L, Li H, Zeng C, Wang J, Fu L, Wu Q, Zeng B, He B. Genome-wide identification of the fatty acid desaturases gene family in four Aspergillus species and their expression profile in Aspergillus oryzae. AMB Express 2018; 8:169. [PMID: 30324529 PMCID: PMC6188973 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases play a key role in producing polyunsaturated fatty acids by converting single bonds to double bonds. In the present study, a total of 13, 12, 8 and 8 candidate fatty acid desaturases genes were identified in the Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans genomes through database searches, which were classified into five different subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis was performed to characterize conserved motifs and gene structures, which could provide an intuitive comprehension to learn the relationship between structure and functions of the fatty acid desaturases genes in different Aspergillus species. In addition, the expression pattern of 13 fatty acid desaturases genes of A. oryzae was tested in different growth stages and under salt stress treatment. The results revealed that the fatty acid desaturases genes in A. oryzae were highly expressed in adaptive phase growth and up-regulated under salt stress treatment. This study provided a better understanding of the evolution and functions of the fatty acid desaturases gene family in the four Aspergillus species, and would be useful for seeking methods to improve the production of unsaturated fatty acids and enhance efforts for the genetic improvement of strains to adapt to the complex surrounding environment.
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Yin Y, Jiang X, Ren M, Xue M, Nan D, Wang Z, Xing Y, Wang M. AmDREB2C, from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, enhances abiotic stress tolerance and regulates fatty acid composition in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:517-528. [PMID: 30096686 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors (TFs) play a vital role in plant response to abiotic stresses. However, little is known about DREB TFs in plants adapted to harsh environments and in the formation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), a major membrane component closely associated with plant stress tolerance. Here, we characterized AmDREB2C in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim. ex kom.) Cheng F., a desert evergreen broadleaf shrub with a high tolerance to harsh environments. AmDREB2C encodes a canonical DREB2-type TF, and the protein was localized in the nucleus. AmDREB2C had the highest expression levels in leaves of naturally growing shrubs in the wild during the winter season of a year of sampling. The expression was also induced by cold, heat and drought stresses in laboratory-cultured seedlings. Moreover, AmDREB2C was most abundantly expressed in young leaves and immature seeds rather than other tissues of the shrubs. Constitutive expression of AmDREB2C in Arabidopsis enhanced freezing, heat and drought tolerances of the transgenic plants, likely through inducing the expression of important stress-responsive genes. The transgene also increased the level of linolenic acid (C18:3), a major PUFA in most plant species, in leaves and seeds of the transgenic plants. Correspondingly, the transcription of FAD3, FAD7 and FAD8, three genes encoding fatty acid desaturases (FADs) responsible for the production of C18:3, showed a differential up-regulation in these two organs. This study provides new insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of A. mongolicus' ability to endure harsh environments and DREB TF regulation of fatty acid desaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Xiaoxu Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Meiyan Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Min Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Dina Nan
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Yanping Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Maoyan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the fatty acid desaturase genes in Medicago truncatula. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:361-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sun J, Chen M, Zhu M, Jiang Y, Meng J, Zhao D, Tao J. Cloning, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of Three FAD8 Genes Encoding a Fatty Acid Desaturase from Seeds of Paeonia ostii. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040929. [PMID: 29673187 PMCID: PMC6017405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The FAD8 gene catalyzes the conversion of diene fatty acids to triene fatty acids and is a key enzyme that determines the synthesis of alpha-linolenic acid. In this study, the full-length cDNAs of FAD8-1, FAD8-2, and FAD8-3 are cloned from Paeonia ostii T. Hong & J. X. Zhang and named as PoFAD8-1, PoFAD8-2, and PoFAD8-3. Their open reading frame is 1203 bp, 1152 bp, and 1353 bp which encoded 400, 371, and 450 amino acids. The molecular weights of the amino acids are 46 kDa, 43 kDa, and 51 kDa while the isoelectric points are 7.34, 8.74, and 9.23, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis shows that all three genes are hydrophobic-hydrophobic, PoFAD8-1 has three transmembrane domains, and PoFAD8-2 and PoFAD8-3 have two transmembrane domains. Multiple series alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that PoFAD8-1 and PoFAD8-2 are closely related while PoFAD8-3 is more closely related to Paeonia delavayi. Subcellular localization results showed that PoFAD8-1 was located on the ER membrane and PoFAD8-2 and PoFAD8-3 were located on the chloroplast membrane. The relative expression level of PoFAD8-1 in seeds is very high. PoFAD8-2 expressed more in the ovary than the other two genes. PoFAD8-3 was highly expressed in roots, stems, leaves, petals, and ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jiasong Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Daqiu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jun Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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32
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Shi Y, Yue X, An L. Integrated regulation triggered by a cryophyte ω-3 desaturase gene confers multiple-stress tolerance in tobacco. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2131-2148. [PMID: 29432580 PMCID: PMC6019038 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ω-3 fatty acid desaturases (FADs) are thought to contribute to plant stress tolerance mainly through linolenic acid (C18:3)-induced membrane stabilization, but a comprehensive analysis of their roles in stress adaptation is lacking. Here, we isolated a microsomal ω-3 FAD gene (CbFAD3) from a cryophyte (Chorispora bungeana) and elucidated its functions in stress tolerance. CbFAD3, exhibiting a high identity to Arabidopsis AtFAD3, was up-regulated by abiotic stresses. Its functionality was verified by heterogonous expression in yeast. Overexpression of CbFAD3 in tobacco constitutively increased C18:3 in both leaves and roots, which maintained the membrane fluidity, and enhanced plant tolerance to cold, drought, and salt stresses. Notably, the constitutively increased C18:3 induced a sustained activation of plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, thereby, changing the stress-induced Ca2+ signaling. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system, which was positively correlated with the level of C18:3, was also activated in the transgenic lines. Microarray analysis showed that CbFAD3-overexpressing plants increased the expression of stress-responsive genes, most of which are affected by C18:3, Ca2+, or ROS. Together, CbFAD3 confers tolerance to multiple stresses in tobacco through the C18:3-induced integrated regulation of membrane, Ca2+, ROS, and stress-responsive genes. This is in contrast with previous observations that simply attribute stress tolerance to membrane stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Shi
- Extreme Stress Resistance and Biotechnology Laboratory, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xiule Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Lizhe An
- Extreme Stress Resistance and Biotechnology Laboratory, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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Sui N, Wang Y, Liu S, Yang Z, Wang F, Wan S. Transcriptomic and Physiological Evidence for the Relationship between Unsaturated Fatty Acid and Salt Stress in Peanut. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:7. [PMID: 29403517 PMCID: PMC5786550 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the five major oilseed crops cultivated worldwide. Salt stress is a common adverse condition for the growth of this crop in many countries and regions. In this study, physiological parameters and transcriptome profiles of peanut seedlings exposed to salt stress (250 mM NaCl for 4 days, S4) and recovery for 3 days (when transferred to standard conditions for 3 days, R3) were analyzed to detect genes associated with salt stress and recovery in peanut. We observed that the quantum yield of PSII electron transport (ΦPSII) and the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) decreased in S4 compared with the control, and increased in R3 compared with those in S4. Seedling fresh weight, dry weight and PSI oxidoreductive activity (ΔI/Io) were inhibited in S4 and did not recover in R3. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities decreased in S4 and increased in R3, whereas superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents increased in S4 and decreased in R3. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1,742 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under salt stress and 390 DEGs under recovery. Among these DEGs, two DEGs encoding ω-3 fatty acid desaturase that synthesized linolenic acid (18:3) from linoleic acid (18:2) were down-regulated in S4 and up-regulated in R3. Furthermore, ω-3 fatty acid desaturase activity decreased under salt stress and increased under recovery. Consistent with this result, 18:3 content decreased under salt stress and increased under recovery compared with that under salt treatment. In conclusion, salt stress markedly changed the activity of ω-3 fatty acid desaturase and fatty acid composition. The findings provide novel insights for the improvement of salt tolerance in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shubo Wan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene family from two ω-3 sources, Salvia hispanica and Perilla frutescens: Cloning, characterization and expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191432. [PMID: 29351555 PMCID: PMC5774782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (ω-3 FAD, D15D) is a key enzyme for α-linolenic acid (ALA) biosynthesis. Both chia (Salvia hispanica) and perilla (Perilla frutescens) contain high levels of ALA in seeds. In this study, the ω-3 FAD gene family was systematically and comparatively cloned from chia and perilla. Perilla FAD3, FAD7, FAD8 and chia FAD7 are encoded by single-copy (but heterozygous) genes, while chia FAD3 is encoded by 2 distinct genes. Only 1 chia FAD8 sequence was isolated. In these genes, there are 1 to 6 transcription start sites, 1 to 8 poly(A) tailing sites, and 7 introns. The 5'UTRs of PfFAD8a/b contain 1 to 2 purine-stretches and 2 pyrimidine-stretches. An alternative splice variant of ShFAD7a/b comprises a 5'UTR intron. Their encoded proteins harbor an FA_desaturase conserved domain together with 4 trans-membrane helices and 3 histidine boxes. Phylogenetic analysis validated their identity of dicot microsomal or plastidial ω-3 FAD proteins, and revealed some important evolutionary features of plant ω-3 FAD genes such as convergent evolution across different phylums, single-copy status in algae, and duplication events in certain taxa. The qRT-PCR assay showed that the ω-3 FAD genes of two species were expressed at different levels in various organs, and they also responded to multiple stress treatments. The functionality of the ShFAD3 and PfFAD3 enzymes was confirmed by yeast expression. The systemic molecular and functional features of the ω-3 FAD gene family from chia and perilla revealed in this study will facilitate their use in future studies on genetic improvement of ALA traits in oilseed crops.
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Chi X, Zhang Z, Chen N, Zhang X, Wang M, Chen M, Wang T, Pan L, Chen J, Yang Z, Guan X, Yu S. Isolation and functional analysis of fatty acid desaturase genes from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189759. [PMID: 29244878 PMCID: PMC5731756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid desaturases are enzymes that introduce double bonds into fatty acyl chains. Extensive studies of fatty acid desaturases have been done in many plants. However, less is known about the diversity of this gene family in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an important oilseed crop that is cultivated worldwide. RESULTS In this study, twelve novel AhFADs genes were identified and isolated from peanut. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the transcript abundances of AhFAB2-2 and AhFAD3-1 were higher in seeds than in other tissues examined, whereas the AhADS and AhFAD7-1 transcripts were more abundant in leaves. AhFAB2-3, AhFAD3-2, AhFAD4, AhSLD-4, and AhDES genes were highly expressed in flowers, whereas AhFAD7-2, AhSLD-2, and AhSLD-3 were expressed most strongly in stems. During seed development, the expressions of AhFAB2-2, AhFAD3-1, AhFAD7-1, and AhSLD-3 gradually increased in abundance, reached a maximum expression level, and then decreased. The AhFAB2-3, AhFAD3-2, AhFAD4, AhADS, and AhDES transcript levels remained relatively high at the initial stage of seed development, but decreased thereafter. The AhSLD-4 transcript level remained relatively low at the initial stage of seed development, but showed a dramatic increase in abundance at the final stage. The AhFAD7-2 and AhSLD-2 transcript levels remained relatively high at the initial stage of seed development, but then decreased, and finally increased again. The AhFAD transcripts were differentially expressed following exposure to abiotic stresses or abscisic acid. Moreover, the functions of one AhFAD6 and four AhSLD genes were confirmed by heterologous expression in Synechococcus elongates or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides valuable information that improves understanding of the biological roles of FAD genes in fatty acid synthesis, and will help peanut breeders improve the quality of peanut oil via molecular design breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Chi
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhimeng Zhang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Na Chen
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Mian Wang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Mingna Chen
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Pan
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Guan
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shanlin Yu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
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Feng J, Dong Y, Liu W, He Q, Daud MK, Chen J, Zhu S. Genome-wide identification of membrane-bound fatty acid desaturase genes in Gossypium hirsutum and their expressions during abiotic stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45711. [PMID: 28374822 PMCID: PMC5379561 DOI: 10.1038/srep45711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound fatty acid desaturases (FADs) are of great importance and play multiple roles in plant growth and development. In the present study, 39 full-length FAD genes, based on database searches, were identified in tetraploid upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and were phylogenetically clustered into four subfamilies. Genomic localization revealed that 34 genes were mapped on 22 chromosomes, and five genes were positioned on the scaffold sequences. The FAD genes of G. hirsutum in the same subfamily had similar gene structures. The structures of paralogous genes were considerably conserved in exons number and introns length. It was suggested that the FAD gene families in G. hirsutum might be duplicated mainly by segmental duplication. Moreover, the FAD genes were differentially expressed in different G. hirsutum tissues in response to different levels of salt and cold stresses, as determined by qRT-PCR analysis. The identification and functional analysis of FAD genes in G. hirsutum may provide more candidate genes for genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Feng
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yating Dong
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qiuling He
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - M. K. Daud
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuijin Zhu
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Pavlík M, Zemanová V, Pavlíková D, Kyjaková P, Hlavsa T. Regulation of odd-numbered fatty acid content plays an important part in the metabolism of the hyperaccumulator Noccaea spp. adapted to oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 208:94-101. [PMID: 27898332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Relatively little is known about why odd-numbered fatty acids (OFAs) can be synthesized only by some plant species. We aimed at determining whether there is a relationship between the effects of Cd-induced oxidative stress on unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) and their degradation products, especially OFAs. Plants with different ability to accumulate Cd - Noccaea praecox from Mežica, Slovenia (Me) and two ecotypes of Noccaea caerulescens from Ganges, France (Ga) and Redlschlag, Austria (Re) were cultivated in pot experiments. Only Me plants contained OFA 13:0, while all plants contained OFAs 15:0, 17:0 and 23:0 but in different proportions. Mutual correlations showed a significant effect of Cd contamination on the content of OFAs and USFAs in Me, a less pronounced effect in Re and the lowest one in Ga plants. The most significant correlation between the contents of USFAs and OFAs was also calculated for Me plants. The correlations between OFAs and USFAs indicate an active participation of OFA in FAs metabolism. Increased efficiency of utilization of the assimilated carbon via OFAs metabolism of Me plants in contrast to Re and Ga is also reflected in the increase of tolerance of Me plants to Cd toxicity in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Pavlík
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Veronika Zemanová
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniela Pavlíková
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavlína Kyjaková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo 2, 166 10, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Hlavsa
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague, Czechia
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Hichri I, Muhovski Y, Žižková E, Dobrev PI, Gharbi E, Franco-Zorrilla JM, Lopez-Vidriero I, Solano R, Clippe A, Errachid A, Motyka V, Lutts S. The Solanum lycopersicum WRKY3 Transcription Factor SlWRKY3 Is Involved in Salt Stress Tolerance in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1343. [PMID: 28824679 PMCID: PMC5534461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity threatens productivity of economically important crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). WRKY transcription factors appear, from a growing body of knowledge, as important regulators of abiotic stresses tolerance. Tomato SlWRKY3 is a nuclear protein binding to the consensus CGTTGACC/T W box. SlWRKY3 is preferentially expressed in aged organs, and is rapidly induced by NaCl, KCl, and drought. In addition, SlWRKY3 responds to salicylic acid, and 35S::SlWRKY3 tomatoes showed under salt treatment reduced contents of salicylic acid. In tomato, overexpression of SlWRKY3 impacted multiple aspects of salinity tolerance. Indeed, salinized (125 mM NaCl, 20 days) 35S::SlWRKY3 tomato plants displayed reduced oxidative stress and proline contents compared to WT. Physiological parameters related to plant growth (shoot and root biomass) and photosynthesis (stomatal conductance and chlorophyll a content) were retained in transgenic plants, together with lower Na+ contents in leaves, and higher accumulation of K+ and Ca2+. Microarray analysis confirmed that many stress-related genes were already up-regulated in transgenic tomatoes under optimal conditions of growth, including genes coding for antioxidant enzymes, ion and water transporters, or plant defense proteins. Together, these results indicate that SlWRKY3 is an important regulator of salinity tolerance in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imène Hichri
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy, Université Catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yordan Muhovski
- Département Sciences du Vivant, Centre Wallon de Recherches AgronomiquesGembloux, Belgium
| | - Eva Žižková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague, Czechia
| | - Petre I. Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague, Czechia
| | - Emna Gharbi
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy, Université Catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jose M. Franco-Zorrilla
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad AutónomaMadrid, Spain
| | - Irene Lopez-Vidriero
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad AutónomaMadrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Solano
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad AutónomaMadrid, Spain
| | - André Clippe
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Abdelmounaim Errachid
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Vaclav Motyka
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague, Czechia
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy, Université Catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Stanley Lutts,
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Dong CJ, Cao N, Zhang ZG, Shang QM. Characterization of the Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes in Cucumber: Structure, Phylogeny, and Expression Patterns. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149917. [PMID: 26938877 PMCID: PMC4777478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) introduce double bonds into the hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids to produce unsaturated fatty acids, and therefore play a critical role in plant development and acclimation to environmental stresses. In this study, 23 full-length FAD genes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were identified through database searches, including three CsFAB2 genes, two CsFAD2 genes, fourteen CsFAD5 genes, and one gene each for CsFAD3, CsFAD4, CsFAD6 and CsFAD7. These cucumber FAD genes were distributed on all seven chromosomes and two additional scaffolds. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, the cucumber FAD proteins were clustered into five subfamilies with their counterparts from other plants. Gene structures and protein sequences were considerably conserved in each subfamily. All three CsFAB2 proteins shared conserved structure with the known plant soluble FAD proteins. The other cucumber FADs belonged to the membrane-bound FADs and contained three highly conserved histidine boxes. Additionally, the putative endoplasmic reticulum retention signal was found at the C-termini of the CsFAD2 and CsFAD3 proteins, while the N-termini of CsFAD4, CsFAD5, CsFAD6, CsFAD7 and three CsFAB2s contained a predicted chloroplast signal peptide, which was consistent with their associated metabolic pathways. Furthermore, a gene expression analysis showed that CsFAD2 and CsFAD3 were universally expressed in all tested tissues, whereas the other cucumber FAD genes were preferentially expressed in the cotyledons or leaves. The tissue-specific expression patterns of cucumber FAD genes were correlated well with the differences in the fatty acid compositions ofroots and leaves. Finally, the cucumber FAD genes showed a cold-induced and heat-repressed expression pattern, although with distinct regulatory time courses among the different CsFAD members, which indicates the potential roles of the FADs in temperature stress resistance in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Juan Dong
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CJD); (QMS)
| | - Ning Cao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Mao Shang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CJD); (QMS)
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40
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Liu W, Li W, He Q, Daud MK, Chen J, Zhu S. Characterization of 19 Genes Encoding Membrane-Bound Fatty Acid Desaturases and their Expression Profiles in Gossypium raimondii Under Low Temperature. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123281. [PMID: 25894196 PMCID: PMC4404247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To produce unsaturated fatty acids, membrane-bound fatty acid desaturases (FADs) can be exploited to introduce double bonds into the acyl chains of fatty acids. In this study, 19 membrane-bound FAD genes were identified in Gossypium raimondii through database searches and were classified into four different subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. All 19 membrane-bound FAD proteins shared three highly conserved histidine boxes, except for GrFAD2.1, which lost the third histidine box in the C-terminal region. In the G. raimondii genome, tandem duplication might have led to the increasing size of the FAD2 cluster in the Omega Desaturase subfamily, whereas segmental duplication appeared to be the dominant mechanism for the expansion of the Sphingolipid and Front-end Desaturase subfamilies. Gene expression analysis showed that seven membrane-bound FAD genes were significantly up-regulated and that five genes were greatly suppressed in G. raimondii leaves exposed to low temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiuling He
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Khan Daud
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuijin Zhu
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095, China
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