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Yusefi M, Shameli K, Jahangirian H, Teow SY, Afsah-Hejri L, Mohamad Sukri SNA, Kuča K. How Magnetic Composites are Effective Anticancer Therapeutics? A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3535-3575. [PMID: 37409027 PMCID: PMC10319292 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s375964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the most prominent route in cancer therapy for prolonging the lifespan of cancer patients. However, its non-target specificity and the resulting off-target cytotoxicities have been reported. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies using magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) for magnetothermal chemotherapy may potentially improve the therapeutic outcome by increasing the target selectivity. In this review, magnetic hyperthermia therapy and magnetic targeting using drug-loaded MNCs are revisited, focusing on magnetism, the fabrication and structures of magnetic nanoparticles, surface modifications, biocompatible coating, shape, size, and other important physicochemical properties of MNCs, along with the parameters of the hyperthermia therapy and external magnetic field. Due to the limited drug-loading capacity and low biocompatibility, the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as drug delivery system has lost traction. In contrast, MNCs show higher biocompatibility, multifunctional physicochemical properties, high drug encapsulation, and multi-stages of controlled release for localized synergistic chemo-thermotherapy. Further, combining various forms of magnetic cores and pH-sensitive coating agents can generate a more robust pH, magneto, and thermo-responsive drug delivery system. Thus, MNCs are ideal candidate as smart and remotely guided drug delivery system due to a) their magneto effects and guide-ability by the external magnetic fields, b) on-demand drug release performance, and c) thermo-chemosensitization under an applied alternating magnetic field where the tumor is selectively incinerated without harming surrounding non-tumor tissues. Given the important effects of synthesis methods, surface modifications, and coating of MNCs on their anticancer properties, we reviewed the most recent studies on magnetic hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery systems in cancer therapy, and magnetothermal chemotherapy to provide insights on the current development of MNC-based anticancer nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Yusefi
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kamyar Shameli
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | | | - Sin-Yeang Teow
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leili Afsah-Hejri
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, School of Business, Science and Technology, Lakeland University Plymouth, WI 53073, USA
| | | | - Kamil Kuča
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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2
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Pourmadadi M, Rahmani E, Shamsabadipour A, Mahtabian S, Ahmadi M, Rahdar A, Díez-Pascual AM. Role of Iron Oxide (Fe 2O 3) Nanocomposites in Advanced Biomedical Applications: A State-of-the-Art Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3873. [PMID: 36364649 PMCID: PMC9653814 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have demonstrated a wide range of applications and recently, novel biomedical studies are devoted to improving the functionality and effectivity of traditional and unmodified systems, either drug carriers and common scaffolds for tissue engineering or advanced hydrogels for wound healing purposes. In this regard, metal oxide nanoparticles show great potential as versatile tools in biomedical science. In particular, iron oxide nanoparticles with different shape and sizes hold outstanding physiochemical characteristics, such as high specific area and porous structure that make them idoneous nanomaterials to be used in diverse aspects of medicine and biological systems. Moreover, due to the high thermal stability and mechanical strength of Fe2O3, they have been combined with several polymers and employed for various nano-treatments for specific human diseases. This review is focused on summarizing the applications of Fe2O3-based nanocomposites in the biomedical field, including nanocarriers for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing. Additionally, their structure, magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and toxicity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Pourmadadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Erfan Rahmani
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Amin Shamsabadipour
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Shima Mahtabian
- Department of Materials Engineering, Shahreza Bramch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Isfahan 61349-37333, Iran
| | - Mohammadjavad Ahmadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol 538-98615, Iran
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Wang S, Xu J, Li W, Sun S, Gao S, Hou Y. Magnetic Nanostructures: Rational Design and Fabrication Strategies toward Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5411-5475. [PMID: 35014799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the continuous development of magnetic nanostructures (MNSs) has tremendously promoted both fundamental scientific research and technological applications. Different from the bulk magnet, the systematic engineering on MNSs has brought a great breakthrough in some emerging fields such as the construction of MNSs, the magnetism exploration of multidimensional MNSs, and their potential translational applications. In this review, we give a detailed description of the synthetic strategies of MNSs based on the fundamental features and application potential of MNSs and discuss the recent progress of MNSs in the fields of nanomedicines, advanced nanobiotechnology, catalysis, and electromagnetic wave adsorption (EMWA), aiming to provide guidance for fabrication strategies of MNSs toward diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuren Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Institute of Spin-X Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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4
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Cheng H, Tsao H, Chiang C, Chen S. Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Cancer Immune-Theranostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001451. [PMID: 33135398 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a cutting-edge strategy that eliminates cancer cells by amplifying the host's immune system. However, the low response rate and risks of inducing systemic toxicity have raised uncertainty in the treatment. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a versatile theranostic tool can be used to target delivery of multiple immunotherapeutics and monitor cell/tissue responses. These capabilities enable the real-time characterization of the factors that contribute to immunoactivity so that future treatments can be optimized. The magnetic properties of MNPs further allow the implementation of magnetic navigation and magnetic hyperthermia for boosting the efficacy of immunotherapy. The multimodal approach opens an avenue to induce robust immune responses, minimize safety issues, and monitor immune activities simultaneously. Thus, the object of this review is to provide an overview of the burgeoning fields and to highlight novel technologies for next-generation immunotherapy. The review further correlates the properties of MNPs with the latest treatment strategies to explore the crosstalk between magnetic nanomaterials and the immune system. This comprehensive review of MNP-derived immunotherapy covers the obstacles and opportunities for future development and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung‐Wei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yi Tsao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Sheng Chiang
- Cell Therapy Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung 40421 Taiwan
| | - San‐Yuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
- Frontier Research Centre on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
- School of Dentistry College of Dental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807378 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science China Medical University Taichung 40421 Taiwan
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5
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Abstract
The presented paper is a review article discussing existing synthesis methods and different applications of nanosized magnetic nanoparticles. It was shown that, in addition to the spectrum of properties typical for nanomaterials (primarily a large specific surface area and a high fraction of surface atoms), magnetic nanoparticles also possess superparamagnetic properties that contribute to their formation of an important class of biomedical functional nanomaterials. This primarily concerns iron oxides magnetite and maghemite, for which in vitro and in vivo studies have shown low toxicity and high biocompatibility in comparison with other magnetic nanomaterials. Due to their exceptional chemical, biological, and physical properties, they are widely used in various areas, such as magnetic hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, magnetic separation of biological objects (cells, bacteria, viruses, DNA, and proteins), and magnetic diagnostics (they are used as agents for MRS and immunoassay). In addition to discussing the main problems and prospects of using nanoparticles of magnetic iron oxides for advanced biomedical applications, information is also reflected on their structure, production methods, and properties.
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Fiocchi S, Chiaramello E, Bonato M, Tognola G, Catalucci D, Parazzini M, Ravazzani P. Computational simulation of electromagnetic fields on human targets for magnetic targeting applications. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:5674-5677. [PMID: 31947140 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, the use of nanoparticles for therapeutic applications has attracted the interest of many scientists, who are looking for effective methods to target nanoparticles linked to drugs directly to the diseased organs. Among them, magnetic targeting consists of magnetic systems (magnets or coils) which can impress high gradient magnetic fields and then magnetic forces on the magnetic nanoparticles. Despite some studies have reported an effective improvement in drug delivery by using this technique, there is still a paucity of studies able to quantify and explain the experimental results. In this scenario, "in silico" models allow to analyze and compare different magnetic targeting systems in their ability to generate the required magnetic field gradient for specific human targets.In this paper we then evaluated, by means of computational electromagnetics techniques, the attitude of various ad-hoc designed magnetic systems in targeting the heart tissues of differently aged human anatomical models.
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Polyacrylic acid-coated nanoparticles loaded with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for the treatment of mice with ischemic stroke. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:565-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Weber C, Morsbach S, Landfester K. Possibilities and Limitations of Different Separation Techniques for the Analysis of the Protein Corona. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12787-12794. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Svenja Morsbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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Weber C, Morsbach S, Landfester K. Möglichkeiten und Limitierungen verschiedener Trenntechniken zur Analyse der Proteinkorona. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Weber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Svenja Morsbach
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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Kenjereš S, Tjin JL. Numerical simulations of targeted delivery of magnetic drug aerosols in the human upper and central respiratory system: a validation study. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170873. [PMID: 29308230 PMCID: PMC5749997 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigate the concept of the targeted delivery of pharmaceutical drug aerosols in an anatomically realistic geometry of the human upper and central respiratory system. The geometry considered extends from the mouth inlet to the eighth generation of the bronchial bifurcations and is identical to the phantom model used in the experimental studies of Banko et al. (2015 Exp. Fluids56, 1-12 (doi:10.1007/s00348-015-1966-y)). In our computer simulations, we combine the transitional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and the wall-resolved large eddy simulation (LES) methods for the air phase with the Lagrangian approach for the particulate (aerosol) phase. We validated simulations against recently obtained magnetic resonance velocimetry measurements of Banko et al. (2015 Exp. Fluids56, 1-12. (doi:10.1007/s00348-015-1966-y)) that provide a full three-dimensional mean velocity field for steady inspiratory conditions. Both approaches produced good agreement with experiments, and the transitional RANS approach is selected for the multiphase simulations of aerosols transport, because of significantly lower computational costs. The local and total deposition efficiency are calculated for different classes of pharmaceutical particles (in the 0.1 μm≤dp≤10 μm range) without and with a paramagnetic core (the shell-core particles). For the latter, an external magnetic field is imposed. The source of the imposed magnetic field was placed in the proximity of the first bronchial bifurcation. We demonstrated that both total and local depositions of aerosols at targeted locations can be significantly increased by an applied magnetization force. This finding confirms the possible potential for further advancement of the magnetic drug targeting technique for more efficient treatments for respiratory diseases.
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11
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Qiao H, Wang Y, Zhang R, Gao Q, Liang X, Gao L, Jiang Z, Qiao R, Han D, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Tian J, Gao M, Cao F. MRI/optical dual-modality imaging of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque with an osteopontin-targeted probe based on Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2016; 112:336-345. [PMID: 27788352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque is the major pathological cause of luminal thrombosis in acute coronary syndromes. Since foamy macrophages have been identified as a prominent component in vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions and osteopontin (OPN) is reported to be highly expressed in foamy macrophages, OPN could be a potential target for vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque imaging. The current study designed an OPN-specific MRI/optical dual-modality probe to detect vulnerable plaques. Fluorescence imaging revealed that 24 h after injection of the Cy5.5-OPN-DMSA-MNPs (COD-MNPs), the atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery exhibited significant higher signals in high fat diet (HFD) fed mice in comparison to the group injected with Cy5.5-IgG-DMSA-MNPs (CID-MNPs) or normal diet fed group injected with COD-MNPs (1.87 ± 0.19 × 1010 vs. 0.74 ± 0.04 × 1010, 0.73 ± 0.03 × 1010 p/sec/cm2/sr, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, MRI displayed stronger T2 contrast enhancement 24 h post-injection at the area of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid of HFD fed group injected with COD-MNPs than group injected with CID-MNPs or normal diet fed group injected with COD-MNPs (post/pre signal ratio: 0.64 ± 0.04 vs. 0.95 ± 0.02, 0.98 ± 0.01, P < 0.05). As a dual-modality molecular probe, the resulting COD-MNPs conjugates exhibit promising potentials for noninvasive detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Quansheng Gao
- Laboratory of the Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ya Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Abstract
The scientific disciplines that encompass medical therapy and diagnostics, in a continuing transition to personalized medicine, have found a valuable tool in the emerging field of nanotechnology. New nanotools are now enabling discoveries and advancements that form the foundation of what has become known collectively as nanomedicine. The global impact of these advancements are being seen in areas of advanced/improved early stage diagnostics, targeted drug delivery systems and imaging methods, all leading to more effective diagnostic/therapeutic strategies and outcomes. This review focuses on recent patent advancements in this transition with emphasis on the emerging role of magnetic nanovectors as enabling tools for the enhanced effectiveness of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, considering its historical progression and future impact.
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Nacev A, Weinberg IN, Stepanov PY, Kupfer S, Mair LO, Urdaneta MG, Shimoji M, Fricke ST, Shapiro B. Dynamic inversion enables external magnets to concentrate ferromagnetic rods to a central target. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:359-64. [PMID: 25457292 PMCID: PMC4296920 DOI: 10.1021/nl503654t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability to use magnets external to the body to focus therapy to deep tissue targets has remained an elusive goal in magnetic drug targeting. Researchers have hitherto been able to manipulate magnetic nanotherapeutics in vivo with nearby magnets but have remained unable to focus these therapies to targets deep within the body using magnets external to the body. One of the factors that has made focusing of therapy to central targets between magnets challenging is Samuel Earnshaw's theorem as applied to Maxwell's equations. These mathematical formulations imply that external static magnets cannot create a stable potential energy well between them. We posited that fast magnetic pulses could act on ferromagnetic rods before they could realign with the magnetic field. Mathematically, this is equivalent to reversing the sign of the potential energy term in Earnshaw's theorem, thus enabling a quasi-static stable trap between magnets. With in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that quick, shaped magnetic pulses can be successfully used to create inward pointing magnetic forces that, on average, enable external magnets to concentrate ferromagnetic rods to a central location.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nacev
- Weinberg Medical Physics LLC, 5611
Roosevelt St, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - I. N. Weinberg
- Weinberg Medical Physics LLC, 5611
Roosevelt St, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - P. Y. Stepanov
- Weinberg Medical Physics LLC, 5611
Roosevelt St, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - S. Kupfer
- Weinberg Medical Physics LLC, 5611
Roosevelt St, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - L. O. Mair
- Weinberg Medical Physics LLC, 5611
Roosevelt St, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - M. G. Urdaneta
- Weinberg Medical Physics LLC, 5611
Roosevelt St, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - M. Shimoji
- Weinberg Medical Physics LLC, 5611
Roosevelt St, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - S. T. Fricke
- Children’s
National Medical Center, 11 Michigan
Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, United States
| | - B. Shapiro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering and the Institute for Systems
Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Shapiro B, Kulkarni S, Nacev A, Muro S, Stepanov PY, Weinberg IN. Open challenges in magnetic drug targeting. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 7:446-57. [PMID: 25377422 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The principle of magnetic drug targeting, wherein therapy is attached to magnetically responsive carriers and magnetic fields are used to direct that therapy to disease locations, has been around for nearly two decades. Yet our ability to safely and effectively direct therapy to where it needs to go, for instance to deep tissue targets, remains limited. To date, magnetic targeting methods have not yet passed regulatory approval or reached clinical use. Below we outline key challenges to magnetic targeting, which include designing and selecting magnetic carriers for specific clinical indications, safely and effectively reaching targets behind tissue and anatomical barriers, real-time carrier imaging, and magnet design and control for deep and precise targeting. Addressing these challenges will require interactions across disciplines. Nanofabricators and chemists should work with biologists, mathematicians, and engineers to better understand how carriers move through live tissues and how to optimize carrier and magnet designs to better direct therapy to disease targets. Clinicians should be involved early on and throughout the whole process to ensure the methods that are being developed meet a compelling clinical need and will be practical in a clinical setting. Our hope is that highlighting these challenges will help researchers translate magnetic drug targeting from a novel concept to a clinically available treatment that can put therapy where it needs to go in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Shapiro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Shapiro B, Kulkarni S, Nacev A, Sarwar A, Preciado D, Depireux D. Shaping Magnetic Fields to Direct Therapy to Ears and Eyes. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2014; 16:455-81. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071813-105206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Shapiro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering,
- The Institute for Systems Research (ISR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
| | | | - A. Nacev
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering,
| | - A. Sarwar
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering,
| | - D. Preciado
- Otolaryngology, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010
| | - D.A. Depireux
- The Institute for Systems Research (ISR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742;
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16
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Targeted, Monitored, and Controlled Chemotherapy: A Multimodal Nanotechnology-Based Approach against Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/629510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We review innovative methods for treatment of cancer tumor on the basis of nanotechnology and physics to target, monitor and control release of chemotherapeutic agents. Chemotherapy is one of the main methods of treatment for cancer and plays a vital role in clinical practice, but side effects of anticancer drugs are still critical problems. Magnetic nanoparticles can be applied as an effective drug carriers and contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Since certain nanoparticles have magnetic properties, they can be trapped in tumor during blood circulation by an external magnetic field. Also, polymeric nanoparticles are great candidates to encapsulate anticancer drugs and to control the release profile of drugs in biologic media. We suggest the construction of drug-loaded polymer-coated magnetic (DPM) nanoplatform with the potential for being utilized in medical imaging as well as having controlled drug release properties. Nanoplatform distribution can be monitored by MRI and with clever combination of ultrasound physics and suggested DPM nanoplatform, it would be feasible to increase the rate of drug release (in situ) and drug uptake by cancerous cell. To optimize the level of drug uptake by cancerous cell, the selection of ultrasound frequency and intensity is essential. The development of suggested method could be a new approach against cancer tumor.
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Zou Y, Huang Z, Wang Y, Liao X, Yin G, Gu J. Synthesis and cellular compatibility of Co-doped ZnO particles in silk-fibroin peptides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 102:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Reddy LH, Arias JL, Nicolas J, Couvreur P. Magnetic nanoparticles: design and characterization, toxicity and biocompatibility, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5818-78. [PMID: 23043508 DOI: 10.1021/cr300068p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1101] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Harivardhan Reddy
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, Université Paris-Sud XI, UMR CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, IFR, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Sarwar A, Nemirovski A, Shapiro B. Optimal Halbach Permanent Magnet Designs for Maximally Pulling and Pushing Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2012; 324:742-754. [PMID: 23335834 PMCID: PMC3547684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Optimization methods are presented to design Halbach arrays to maximize the forces applied on magnetic nanoparticles at deep tissue locations. In magnetic drug targeting, where magnets are used to focus therapeutic nanoparticles to disease locations, the sharp fall off of magnetic fields and forces with distances from magnets has limited the depth of targeting. Creating stronger forces at depth by optimally designed Halbach arrays would allow treatment of a wider class of patients, e.g. patients with deeper tumors. The presented optimization methods are based on semi-definite quadratic programming, yield provably globally optimal Halbach designs in 2 and 3-dimensions, for maximal pull or push magnetic forces (stronger pull forces can collect nano-particles against blood forces in deeper vessels; push forces can be used to inject particles into precise locations, e.g. into the inner ear). These Halbach designs, here tested in simulations of Maxwell's equations, significantly outperform benchmark magnets of the same size and strength. For example, a 3-dimensional 36 element 2000 cm(3) volume optimal Halbach design yields a ×5 greater force at a 10 cm depth compared to a uniformly magnetized magnet of the same size and strength. The designed arrays should be feasible to construct, as they have a similar strength (≤ 1 Tesla), size (≤ 2000 cm(3)), and number of elements (≤ 36) as previously demonstrated arrays, and retain good performance for reasonable manufacturing errors (element magnetization direction errors ≤ 5°), thus yielding practical designs to improve magnetic drug targeting treatment depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sarwar
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park
- University of Maryland, College Park
- Corresponding author:
| | - A. Nemirovski
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering (ISyE), Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - B. Shapiro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park
- Institute for Systems Research, College Park
- University of Maryland, College Park
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Nacev A, Kim SH, Rodriguez-Canales J, Tangrea MA, Shapiro B, Emmert-Buck MR. A dynamic magnetic shift method to increase nanoparticle concentration in cancer metastases: a feasibility study using simulations on autopsy specimens. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2907-23. [PMID: 22131836 PMCID: PMC3224717 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s23724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A nanoparticle delivery system termed dynamic magnetic shift (DMS) has the potential to more effectively treat metastatic cancer by equilibrating therapeutic magnetic nanoparticles throughout tumors. To evaluate the feasibility of DMS, histological liver sections from autopsy cases of women who died from breast neoplasms were studied to measure vessel number, size, and spatial distribution in both metastatic tumors and normal tissue. Consistent with prior studies, normal tissue had a higher vascular density with a vessel-to-nuclei ratio of 0.48 ± 0.14 (n = 1000), whereas tumor tissue had a ratio of 0.13 ± 0.07 (n = 1000). For tumors, distances from cells to their nearest blood vessel were larger (average 43.8 μm, maximum 287 μm, n ≈ 5500) than normal cells (average 5.3 μm, maximum 67.8 μm, n ≈ 5500), implying that systemically delivered nanoparticles diffusing from vessels into surrounding tissue would preferentially dose healthy instead of cancerous cells. Numerical simulations of magnetically driven particle transport based on the autopsy data indicate that DMS would correct the problem by increasing nanoparticle levels in hypovascular regions of metastases to that of normal tissue, elevating the time-averaged concentration delivered to the tumor for magnetic actuation versus diffusion alone by 1.86-fold, and increasing the maximum concentration over time by 1.89-fold. Thus, DMS may prove useful in facilitating therapeutic nanoparticles to reach poorly vascularized regions of metastatic tumors that are not accessed by diffusion alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alek Nacev
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Yin G, Huang Z, Deng M, Zeng J, Gu J. Preparation and cell response of bio-mineralized Fe3O4 nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 363:393-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Liu HL, Chen PY, Yang HW, Wu JS, Tseng IC, Ma YJ, Huang CY, Tsai HC, Chen SM, Lu YJ, Huang CY, Hua MY, Ma YH, Yen TC, Wei KC. In vivo MR quantification of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle leakage during low-frequency-ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening in swine. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34:1313-24. [PMID: 21965168 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To verify that low-frequency planar ultrasound can be used to disrupt the BBB in large animals, and the usefulness of MRI to quantitatively monitor the delivery of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles into the disrupted regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups of swine subjected to craniotomy were sonicated with burst lengths of 30 or 100 ms, and one group of experiment was also performed to confirm the ability of 28-kHz sonication to open the BBB transcranially. SPIO nanoparticles were administered to the animals after BBB disruption. Procedures were monitored by MRI; SPIO concentrations were estimated by relaxivity mapping. RESULTS Sonication for 30 ms created shallow disruptions near the probe tip; 100-ms sonications after craniotomy can create larger and more penetrating openings, increasing SPIO leakage ∼3.6-fold than 30-ms sonications. However, this was accompanied by off-target effects possibly caused by ultrasonic wave reflection. SPIO concentrations estimated from transverse relaxation rate maps correlated well with direct measurements of SPIO concentration by optical emission spectrometry. We have also shown that transcranial low-frequency 28-kHz sonication can induce secure BBB opening from longitudinal MR image follow up to 7 days. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable information regarding the use low-frequency ultrasound for BBB disruption and suggest that SPIO nanoparticles has the potential to serve as a thernostic agent in MRI-guided ultrasound-enhanced brain drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Molecular Imaging Center, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Hsieh YK, Jiang PS, Yang BS, Sun TY, Peng HH, Wang CF. Using laser ablation/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to bioimage multiple elements in mouse tumors after hyperthermia. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:909-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Okada Y, Takano TY, Kobayashi N, Hayashi A, Yonekura M, Nishiyama Y, Abe T, Yoshida T, Yamamoto TA, Seino S, Doi T. New Protein Purification System Using Gold-Magnetic Beads and a Novel Peptide Tag, “the Methionine Tag”. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:887-93. [DOI: 10.1021/bc100429d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | | | | | - Arisa Hayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | | | - Yuji Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Tomohiro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | | | | | - Takefumi Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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25
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Probst R, Lin J, Komaee A, Nacev A, Cummins Z, Shapiro B. Planar Steering of a Single Ferrofluid Drop by Optimal Minimum Power Dynamic Feedback Control of Four Electromagnets at a Distance. JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2011; 323:885-896. [PMID: 21218157 PMCID: PMC3014617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Any single permanent or electro magnet will always attract a magnetic fluid. For this reason it is difficult to precisely position and manipulate ferrofluid at a distance from magnets. We develop and experimentally demonstrate optimal (minimum electrical power) 2-dimensional manipulation of a single droplet of ferrofluid by feedback control of 4 external electromagnets. The control algorithm we have developed takes into account, and is explicitly designed for, the nonlinear (fast decay in space, quadratic in magnet strength) nature of how the magnets actuate the ferrofluid, and it also corrects for electro-magnet charging time delays. With this control, we show that dynamic actuation of electro-magnets held outside a domain can be used to position a droplet of ferrofluid to any desired location and steer it along any desired path within that domain - an example of precision control of a ferrofluid by magnets acting at a distance.
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Tran N, Webster TJ. Increased osteoblast functions in the presence of hydroxyapatite-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1298-306. [PMID: 20937416 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used in the biomedical community, especially for orthopedic applications (such as reversing osteoporosis). In order to use HA as injectable nanoparticles that can be directed at will to various locations in the body to treat bone defects, HA was coated onto iron oxide nanoparticles in this study. Specifically, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized and coated with HA. The resulting nanoparticles were treated hydrothermally to control the crystalline properties of the coating. Nanoparticles were characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, Ζeta potential and vibrating sample magnetometry. Nanoparticle uptake by osteoblasts was studied using TEM. Osteoblast density was measured after 1, 3 and 5 days in the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles alone and HA-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Long-term osteoblast experiments demonstrated greater alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein synthesis, collagen synthesis and calcium deposition after 7, 14 and 21 days in the presence of greater concentrations (up to 200 μg ml(-1)) of HA-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. In summary, the results of this study showed that HA-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles should be further studied for various orthopedic applications in which such particles could be injected, their location controlled using an external magnetic source and bone growth promoted.
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Nacev A, Beni C, Bruno O, Shapiro B. The Behaviors of Ferro-Magnetic Nano-Particles In and Around Blood Vessels under Applied Magnetic Fields. JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2011; 323:651-668. [PMID: 21278859 PMCID: PMC3029028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In magnetic drug delivery, therapeutic magnetizable particles are typically injected into the blood stream and magnets are then used to concentrate them to disease locations. The behavior of such particles in-vivo is complex and is governed by blood convection, diffusion (in blood and in tissue), extravasation, and the applied magnetic fields. Using physical first-principles and a sophisticated vessel-membrane-tissue (VMT) numerical solver, we comprehensively analyze in detail the behavior of magnetic particles in blood vessels and surrounding tissue. For any blood vessel (of any size, depth, and blood velocity) and tissue properties, particle size and applied magnetic fields, we consider a Krogh tissue cylinder geometry and solve for the resulting spatial distribution of particles. We find that there are three prototypical behaviors (blood velocity dominated, magnetic force dominated, and boundary-layer formation) and that the type of behavior observed is uniquely determined by three non-dimensional numbers (the magnetic-Richardson number, mass Péclet number, and Renkin reduced diffusion coefficient). Plots and equations are provided to easily read out which behavior is found under which circumstances (Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8). We compare our results to previously published in-vitro and in-vivo magnetic drug delivery experiments. Not only do we find excellent agreement between our predictions and prior experimental observations, but we are also able to qualitatively and quantitatively explain behavior that was previously not understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nacev
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering
- University of Maryland at College Park
| | - C. Beni
- Applied and Computational Mathematics, California Institute of Technology
| | - O. Bruno
- Applied and Computational Mathematics, California Institute of Technology
| | - B. Shapiro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering
- Institute for Systems Research
- University of Maryland at College Park
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28
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Nanotechnology and its Relationship to Interventional Radiology. Part II: Drug Delivery, Thermotherapy, and Vascular Intervention. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2010; 34:676-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-010-9967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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29
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Large-scale production of magnetic nanoparticles using bacterial fermentation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 37:1023-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Mathieu JB, Martel S. Steering of aggregating magnetic microparticles using propulsion gradients coils in an MRI Scanner. Magn Reson Med 2010; 63:1336-45. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Lin MM, Kim HH, Kim H, Dobson J, Kim DK. Surface activation and targeting strategies of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in cancer-oriented diagnosis and therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:109-33. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The advanced fabrication and surface engineering of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) could offer excellent physiochemical features for noninvasive tumor imaging and drug delivery. The key issues of realization of maximized selective cancer targeting of SPIONs are minimization of uptake by macrophages, preferential binding to cancerous cells over neighboring normal cells, visualization of tumor cells prior to and after treatment and triggered drug release into target cells in a controlled fashion. In this article, we summarize the current status of fabrication of multifunctional SPION-based nanodevices specially designed for cancer-oriented diagnosis and therapy, with a focus on potential malignancy-targeting ligands’ identification and development as nanocarriers. A number of examples of passive and active targeting strategies – lymphoangiogenesis markers, cellular metabolite receptors, extracellular matrix component receptors, neuropeptide receptors and receptor-mediated bypass of the blood–brain barrier – are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng Lin
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Hyung-Hwan Kim
- Vascular Medicine Research Unit, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- International Research Center of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Jungwon University, Korea
| | - Hyuck Kim
- International Research Center of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Jungwon University, Korea
- Faculty of Herb Industry, Jungwon University, Korea
| | - Jon Dobson
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
- International Research Center of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Jungwon University, Korea
- Electrum 229, Isafjordsgatan 22, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-16 440 Kista, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Tran N, Webster TJ. Magnetic nanoparticles: biomedical applications and challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00994f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Williams PS, Carpino F, Zborowski M. Magnetic nanoparticle drug carriers and their study by quadrupole magnetic field-flow fractionation. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:1290-306. [PMID: 19591456 PMCID: PMC2757515 DOI: 10.1021/mp900018v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle drug carriers continue to attract considerable interest for drug targeting in the treatment of cancers and other pathological conditions. The efficient delivery of therapeutic levels of drug to a target site while limiting nonspecific, systemic toxicity requires optimization of the drug delivery materials, the applied magnetic field, and the treatment protocol. The history and current state of magnetic drug targeting is reviewed. While initial studies involved micrometer-sized and larger carriers, and work with these microcarriers continues, it is the sub-micrometer carriers or nanocarriers that are of increasing interest. An aspect of magnetic drug targeting using nanoparticle carriers that has not been considered is then addressed. This aspect involves the variation in the magnetic properties of the nanocarriers. Quadrupole magnetic field-flow fractionation (QMgFFF) is a relatively new technique for characterizing magnetic nanoparticles. It is unique in its capability of determining the distribution in magnetic properties of a nanoparticle sample in suspension. The development and current state of this technique is also reviewed. Magnetic nanoparticle drug carriers have been found by QMgFFF analysis to be highly polydisperse in their magnetic properties, and the strength of response of the particles to magnetic field gradients is predicted to vary by orders of magnitude. It is expected that the least magnetic fraction of a formulation will contribute the most to systemic toxicity, and the depletion of this fraction will result in a more effective drug carrying material. A material that has a reduced systemic toxicity will allow higher doses of cytotoxic drugs to be delivered to the tumor with reduced side effects. Preliminary experiments involving a novel method of refining a magnetic nanoparticle drug carrier to achieve this result are described. QMgFFF is used to characterize the refined and unrefined material.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephen Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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34
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Abstract
A new formulation of magnetic nanoparticles steered to cells by external magnets can deliver nucleic acids to turn off the growth of tumour blood vessels in mice.
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35
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Shapiro B. Towards dynamic control of magnetic fields to focus magnetic carriers to targets deep inside the body. JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2009; 321:1594. [PMID: 20165553 PMCID: PMC2822352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic drug delivery has the potential to target therapy to specific regions in the body, improving efficacy and reducing side effects for treatment of cancer, stroke, infection, and other diseases. Using stationary external magnets, which attract the magnetic drug carriers, this treatment is limited to shallow targets (<5 cm below skin depth using the strongest possible, still safe, practical magnetic fields). We consider dynamic magnetic actuation and present initial results that show it is possible to vary magnets one against the other to focus carriers between them on average. The many remaining tasks for deep targeting in-vivo are then briefly noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Shapiro
- Tel.: +1 301 405 4191; fax: +1 301 314 9001. , URL: http://www.controlofmems.umd.edu
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Polyak B, Friedman G. Magnetic targeting for site-specific drug delivery: applications and clinical potential. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:53-70. [PMID: 19236208 DOI: 10.1517/17425240802662795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic vehicles are very attractive for delivery of therapeutic agents as they can be targeted to specific locations in the body through the application of a magnetic field gradient. The magnetic localization of a therapeutic agent results in the concentration of the therapy at the target site consequently reducing or eliminating the systemic drug side effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide an update on the progress made in the development of the magnetic targeting technique addressing characteristics of the magnetic carriers and limitations of the current targeting magnet systems. METHODS This review discusses fundamental requirements for the optimal formulation of the magnetic carrier, current applications and potentially new approaches for the magnetically mediated, site-specific localization of therapeutic agents, including drugs, genes and cells. RESULTS/CONCLUSION More efficient targeting magnetic systems in combination with prolonged circulation lifespan and carriers' surface recognition properties will improve the targeting efficiency of magnetic nanocarriers and enhance therapeutic agent availability at the molecular site of agent action. The main future magnetic targeting applications were categorized emphasizing the most promising directions and possible strategies for improving the magnetic targeting technique.
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Magnetically targeted thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator bound to polyacrylic acid-coated nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3343-51. [PMID: 19299010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility and efficacy of target thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) covalently bound to magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) and retained to the target site in vivo by an external magnet. Polyacrylic acid-coated magnetite (PAA-MNP, 246 nm) was synthesized and characterized; rtPA was immobilized to PAA-MNP through carbodiimide-mediated amide bond formation. The enzyme activities of the bound rtPA, as measured by a chromogenic substrate assay and (125)I-fibrinolysis assay, were 87+/-1% and 86+/-3% of that of free rtPA. Under guidance with the magnet moving back and forth along the iliac artery, the thrombolytic activity of PAA-MNP-rtPA with rtPA equivalent to 0.2mg/kg was determined by flowmetry in a rat embolic model. Intra-arterial administration of PAA-MNP-rtPA restored the iliac blood flow within 75 min to 82% of that before the clot lodging, whereas equivalent amount of PAA-MNP or free rtPA exerted no improvement on hemodynamics. At the end of 2-h period, PAA-MNP-rtPA did not alter levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, or blood cell count. In conclusion, immobilization of rtPA to PAA-MNP with covalent binding resulted in a stable rtPA preparation and predictable amount of rtPA around the target site under magnetic guidance; this approach may achieve reproducible and effective target thrombolysis with <20% of a regular dose of rtPA.
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Martin AR, Thompson RB, Finlay WH. MRI measurement of regional lung deposition in mice exposed nose-only to nebulized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2009; 21:335-42. [PMID: 18800881 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2008.0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles show potential in magnetic targeting of inhaled aerosols to localized sites within the lung. These particles are also used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the present work, we examine the feasibility of measuring regional lung deposition of iron oxide nanoparticles using MRI. Mice were exposed nose-only to nebulized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The droplet size distribution in the inhalation chamber was measured using a time-of-flight device. Regional concentrations of iron in the left and right lung were assessed with MRI by measuring the longitudinal relaxation times (T(1)) of the lung tissue in exposed mice, compared to a baseline group. Regional concentrations of iron in the lungs of the mice ranged from 1.1 +/- 0.8 microg/cm(3) (mean +/- one standard deviation, n = 6) in peripheral lung regions to 2.7 +/- 1.4 microg/cm(3) in the central lung, with no significant difference between the left and right lung. The nebulized droplets in the inhalation chamber had mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 5.6 +/- 0.8 microm, with a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.30 +/- 0.03 (both values expressed as mean +/- one standard deviation, n = 6). MRI shows promise for in vivo measurement of regional lung concentrations of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, and may be useful in studies of lung deposition and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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39
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Luciani A, Wilhelm C, Bruneval P, Cunin P, Autret G, Rahmouni A, Clément O, Gazeau F. Magnetic targeting of iron-oxide-labeled fluorescent hepatoma cells to the liver. Eur Radiol 2009; 19:1087-96. [PMID: 19137308 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-008-1262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether an external magnet field can induce preferential trafficking of magnetically labeled Huh7 hepatoma cells to the liver following liver cell transplantation. Huh7 hepatoma cells were labeled with anionic magnetic nanoparticles (AMNP) and tagged with a fluorescent membrane marker (PKH67). Iron-uptake was measured by magnetophoresis. Twenty C57Bl6 mice received an intrasplenic injection of 2 x 10(6) labeled cells. An external magnet (0.29 T; 25 T/m) was placed over the liver of 13 randomly selected animals (magnet group), while the remaining 7 animals served as controls. MRI (1.5 T) and confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) were performed 10 days post-transplantation. The presence and location of labeled cells within the livers were compared in the magnet group and controls, and confronted with histological analysis representing the standard of reference. Mean iron content per cell was 6 pg. Based on histology, labeled cells were more frequently present within recipient livers in the magnet group (p < 0.01) where their distribution was preferentially peri-vascular (p < 0.05). MRI and CFM gave similar results for the overall detection of transplanted cells (kappa = 0.828) and for the identification of peri-vascular cells (kappa = 0.78). Application of an external magnet can modify the trafficking of transplanted cells, especially by promoting the formation of perivascular aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Luciani
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Imagerie, EA 4062, Université René Descartes, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
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Lin MM, Kim DK, El Haj AJ, Dobson J. Development of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONS) for Translation to Clinical Applications. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2008; 7:298-305. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2008.2011864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Avilés MO, Mangual JO, Ebner AD, Ritter JA. Isolated swine heart ventricle perfusion model for implant assisted-magnetic drug targeting. Int J Pharm 2008; 361:202-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Plank C. Nanomagnetosols: magnetism opens up new perspectives for targeted aerosol delivery to the lung. Trends Biotechnol 2008; 26:59-63. [PMID: 18191261 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A recent article in Nature Nanotechnology reports the guiding of aerosols to specific regions of the lung using an external magnetic field. This novel approach of nanomagnetic drug targeting is made feasible with aerosols that comprise magnetically responsive nanoparticles along with a drug of choice. This promising method could be used in the future to specifically accumulate effective drug doses in diseased lung regions and thus reduce undesired side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Plank
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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Pope-Harman A, Cheng MMC, Robertson F, Sakamoto J, Ferrari M. Biomedical nanotechnology for cancer. Med Clin North Am 2007; 91:899-927. [PMID: 17826110 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology may hold the key to controlling many devastating diseases. In the fight against the pain, suffering, and death due to cancer, nanotechnology will allow earlier diagnosis and even prevention of malignancy at premalignant stages, in addition to providing multimodality treatment not possible with current conventional techniques. This review discusses nanotechnology already used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications for cancer. Also addressed are theoretic and evolving uses of nanotechnology, including multifunctional nanoparticles for imaging and therapy, nanochannel implants for controlled release of drugs, nanoscale devices for evaluation of proteomics and genomics, and diagnostic techniques that take advantage of physical changes in diseased tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Pope-Harman
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Mathieu JB, Martel S. Magnetic microparticle steering within the constraints of an MRI system: proof of concept of a novel targeting approach. Biomed Microdevices 2007; 9:801-8. [PMID: 17566862 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-007-9092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a magnetic microparticle steering approach that relies on improved gradient coils for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems. A literature review exposes the motivation and advantages of this approach and leads to a description of the requirements for a set of dedicated steering gradient coils in comparison to standard imaging coils. An experimental set-up was developed to validate the mathematical models and the hypotheses arising from this targeting modality. Magnetite Fe(3)O(4) microparticles (dia. 10.9 microm) were steered in a Y-shaped 100 microm diameter microchannel between a Maxwell pair (dB/dz = 443 mT/m) located in the center of an MRI bore with 0.525 m/s mean fluid velocity (ten times faster than in arterioles with same diameter). Experimental results based on the percentage of particles retrieved at the targeted outlet show that the mathematical models developed provide an order of magnitude estimate of the magnetic gradient strengths required. Furthermore, these results establish a proof of concept of microparticle steering using magnetic gradients within an MRI bore for applications in the human cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Mathieu
- Department of Computer Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, NanoRobotics Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Chorny M, Polyak B, Alferiev IS, Walsh K, Friedman G, Levy RJ. Magnetically driven plasmid DNA delivery with biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles. FASEB J 2007; 21:2510-9. [PMID: 17403937 PMCID: PMC3378388 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-8070com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeting gene therapy remains a challenge. The use of magnetic force to achieve this was investigated in the present study. It was hypothesized that nanoparticles with both controllable particle size and magnetic properties would enable magnetically driven gene delivery. We investigated this hypothesis by creating a family of novel biodegradable polymeric superparamagnetic nanoparticle (MNP) formulations. Polylactide MNP were formulated using a modified emulsification-solvent evaporation methodology with both the incorporation of oleate-coated iron oxide and a polyethylenimine (PEI) oleate ion-pair surface modification for DNA binding. MNP size could be controlled by varying the proportion of the tetrahydrofuran cosolvent. Magnetically driven MNP-mediated gene transfer was studied using a green fluorescent protein reporter plasmid in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. MNP-DNA internalization and trafficking were examined by confocal microscopy. Cell growth inhibition after MNP-mediated adiponectin plasmid transfection was studied as an example of a therapeutic end point. MNP-DNA complexes protected DNA from degradation and efficiently transfected quiescent cells under both low and high serum conditions after a 15 min exposure to a magnetic field (500 G). There was negligible transfection with MNP in the absence of a magnetic field. Larger sized MNP (375 nm diameter) exhibited higher transfection rates compared with 185 nm- and 240 nm-sized MNP. Internalized larger sized MNP escaped lysosomal localization and released DNA in the perinuclear zone. Adiponectin plasmid DNA delivery using MNP resulted in a dose-dependent growth inhibition of cultured arterial smooth muscle cells. It is concluded that magnetically driven plasmid DNA delivery can be achieved using biodegradable MNP containing oleate-coated magnetite and surface modified with PEI oleate ion-pair complexes that enable DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chorny
- Division of Cardiology Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Boris Polyak
- Division of Cardiology Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ivan S. Alferiev
- Division of Cardiology Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary Friedman
- Drexel University School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert J. Levy
- Division of Cardiology Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Correspondence: The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Bldg., Ste. 702, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA.
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Fortin-Ripoche JP, Martina MS, Gazeau F, Ménager C, Wilhelm C, Bacri JC, Lesieur S, Clément O. Magnetic Targeting of Magnetoliposomes to Solid Tumors with MR Imaging Monitoring in Mice: Feasibility. Radiology 2006; 239:415-24. [PMID: 16549622 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2392042110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish the feasibility of magnetoliposome tumor targeting with an extracorporeal magnet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal experiments were performed in compliance with Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale animal protection guidelines and were approved by local government authorities. Magnetophoresis was used to measure the velocity of magnetoliposomes constituted of polyethylene glycol-lipids and anionic maghemite nanocrystals in a calibrated magnetic field in vitro. For in vivo studies, 38 male Swiss nude mice bearing a PC3 human prostate carcinoma tumor in each flank received an intravenous injection of magnetoliposomes (n = 27), saline (n = 9), or nonencapsulated superparamagnetic particles (n = 2) after a small magnet with a magnetic field of 0.3 T and a field gradient of 11 T/m was fixed to the skin above one tumor. The animals were examined at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with eight different sequences, iron doses (13 mice), and magnet-application durations (12 mice). Their excised tumors were then stained with Perls Prussian blue and hematoxylin-eosin and were examined histologically. With use of the paired Student t test, signal intensity, tumor surface enhancement, and number of stained cells were compared between the control and magnet-exposed tumors to determine significant differences (P </= .01). RESULTS The mean magnetoliposome velocity ranged from 10 to 40 mum/sec when the magnetic field equaled 0.13 T and the field gradient equaled 25 T/m. At T1-weighted three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo MR imaging in vivo, the tumor exposed to the magnet showed strong negative enhancement, -52%, compared with the -7% enhancement of the other tumor. Maximal enhancement occurred after 3 hours of magnet application. After 24 hours of magnet application, intracapillary iron particle accumulation was observed in the targeted tumors only. CONCLUSION Magnetic targeting of sterically stabilized magnetoliposomes after they are intravenously injected is feasible in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Fortin-Ripoche
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Groupe Physique du Vivant, Université Paris 7, MSC, 140 rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France
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