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Sekula P, Tin A, Schultheiss UT, Baid-Agrawal S, Mohney RP, Steinbrenner I, Yu B, Luo S, Boerwinkle E, Eckardt KU, Coresh J, Grams ME, Kӧttgen A. Urine 6-Bromotryptophan: Associations with Genetic Variants and Incident End-Stage Kidney Disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10018. [PMID: 32572055 PMCID: PMC7308283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher serum 6-bromotryptophan has been associated with lower risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, implicating mechanisms beyond renal clearance. We studied genetic determinants of urine 6-bromotryptophan and its association with CKD risk factors and incident end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in 4,843 participants of the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study. 6-bromotryptophan was measured from urine samples using mass spectrometry. Patients with higher levels of urine 6-bromotryptophan had higher baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, p < 0.001). A genome-wide association study of urine 6-bromotryptophan identified two significant loci possibly related to its tubular reabsorption, SLC6A19, and its production, ERO1A, which was also associated with serum 6-bromotryptophan in an independent study. The association between urine 6-bromotryptophan and time to ESKD was assessed using Cox regression. There were 216 ESKD events after four years of follow-up. Compared with patients with undetectable levels, higher 6-bromotryptophan levels were associated with lower risk of ESKD in models unadjusted and adjusted for ESKD risk factors other than eGFR (
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Sekula
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adrienne Tin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- The Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ulla T Schultheiss
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Seema Baid-Agrawal
- Department of Nephrology and Transplant Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Inga Steinbrenner
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bing Yu
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Shengyuan Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Morgan E Grams
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Kӧttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Bröer A, Juelich T, Vanslambrouck JM, Tietze N, Solomon PS, Holst J, Bailey CG, Rasko JEJ, Bröer S. Impaired nutrient signaling and body weight control in a Na+ neutral amino acid cotransporter (Slc6a19)-deficient mouse. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:26638-51. [PMID: 21636576 PMCID: PMC3143628 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.241323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid uptake in the intestine and kidney is mediated by a variety of amino acid transporters. To understand the role of epithelial neutral amino acid uptake in whole body homeostasis, we analyzed mice lacking the apical broad-spectrum neutral (0) amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 (Slc6a19). A general neutral aminoaciduria was observed similar to human Hartnup disorder which is caused by mutations in SLC6A19. Na(+)-dependent uptake of neutral amino acids into the intestine and renal brush-border membrane vesicles was abolished. No compensatory increase of peptide transport or other neutral amino acid transporters was detected. Mice lacking B(0)AT1 showed a reduced body weight. When adapted to a standard 20% protein diet, B(0)AT1-deficient mice lost body weight rapidly on diets containing 6 or 40% protein. Secretion of insulin in response to food ingestion after fasting was blunted. In the intestine, amino acid signaling to the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was reduced, whereas the GCN2/ATF4 stress response pathway was activated, indicating amino acid deprivation in epithelial cells. The results demonstrate that epithelial amino acid uptake is essential for optimal growth and body weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Bröer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
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Seyhan ME, Selimoğlu MA, Ertekin V, Fidanoğlu O, Altinkaynak S. Acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruptions in a child with Hartnup disease. Pediatr Dermatol 2006; 23:262-5. [PMID: 16780476 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2006.00231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruptions, not related to zinc deficiency, have been rarely reported in some metabolic disorders. Reported patients usually had low levels of essential amino acids, particularly isoleucine. Here we report a girl who first presented with an acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruption and eventually had the diagnosis of Hartnup disease with a normal isoleucine level. We discuss the probable cause of her skin lesions and the differential diagnosis with pellagra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muammer Eşrefoğlu Seyhan
- Department of Dermatology, Inönü University, Malatya, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Potter SJ, Lu A, Wilcken B, Green K, Rasko JEJ. Hartnup disorder: polymorphisms identified in the neutral amino acid transporter SLC1A5. J Inherit Metab Dis 2002; 25:437-48. [PMID: 12555937 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021286714582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hartnup disorder is an inborn error of renal and gastrointestinal neutral amino acid transport. The cloning and functional characterization of the 'system B0' neutral amino acid transporter SLC1A5 led to it being proposed as a candidate gene for Hartnup disorder. Linkage analysis performed at 19q13.3, the chromosomal position of SLC1A5, was suggestive of an association with the Hartnup phenotype in some families. However, SLC1A5 was not linked to the Hartnup phenotype in other families. Linkage analysis also excluded an alternative candidate region at 11q13 implicated by a putative mouse model for Hartnup disorder. Sequencing of the coding region of SLC1A5 in Hartnup patients revealed two coding region polymorphisms. These mutations did not alter the predicted amino acid sequence of SLC1A5 and were considered unlikely to play a role in Hartnup disorder. There were no mutations in splice sites flanking each exon. Quantitative RT-PCR of SLC1A5 messenger RNA in affected and unaffected subjects did not support systemic differences in expression as an explanation for Hartnup disorder. In the six unrelated Hartnup pedigrees studied, examination of linkage at 19q13.3, polymorphisms in the coding sequence and quantitation of expression of SLC1A5 did not suffice to explain the defect in neutral amino acid transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Potter
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, NSW, Australia
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Nozaki J, Dakeishi M, Ohura T, Inoue K, Manabe M, Wada Y, Koizumi A. Homozygosity mapping to chromosome 5p15 of a gene responsible for Hartnup disorder. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 284:255-60. [PMID: 11394870 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hartnup disorder is an autosomal recessive phenotype involving a transporter for monoamino-monocarboxylic acids. Genetic analysis of the mouse model mapped its locus to human chromosome 11q13 (8). We report here the results of linkage analysis in two Japanese first cousin-marriage families. In the first family, the proband had Hartnup disorder and his deceased older brother was reported to have had typical Hartnup symptoms. The younger brother of the proband was shown to have decreased tryptophan absorption by oral loading test. In the second family, a 6-year-old girl, the proband, had specific hyperaminoaciduria. DNA was isolated from either blood samples or umbilical cord stumps. Genome-wide screening by homozygosity mapping was conducted. Taking into account that the older brother was affected and the younger brother was a carrier in the first family, homozygosity mapping (LOD score = 3.55) and GENEHUNTER (LOD score = 3.28) locates the locus of the Hartnup disorder on 5p15.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nozaki
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Palacín M, Bertran J, Zorzano A. Heteromeric amino acid transporters explain inherited aminoacidurias. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2000; 9:547-53. [PMID: 10990376 DOI: 10.1097/00041552-200009000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the past 5 years, the first genes responsible for aminoacidurias caused by defects in renal reabsorption transport mechanisms have been identified. These diseases are type I and non-type I cystinuria and lysinuric protein intolerance. This knowledge came from the molecular characterization of the first heteromeric amino acid transporters in mammals. In 1992, rBAT and 4F2hc (genes SLC3A1 and SLC3A2, respectively, in the nomenclature of the Human Genome Organization) were identified as putative heavy subunits of mammalian amino acid transporters. In 1994, it was demonstrated that mutations in SLC3A1 cause type I cystinuria. Very recently, several light subunits of the heteromeric amino acid transporters have been identified. In 1999, a putative light subunit of rBAT (the SLC7A9 gene; complementary DNA and protein termed amino acid transporter) and a light subunit of 4F2hc (the SLC7A7 gene; cDNA and protein termed y+LAT-1) were shown to be the non-type I cystinuria and lysinuric protein intolerance genes, respectively. In this review, the characteristics of these heteromeric amino acid transporters and their role in these inherited aminoacidurias is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Palacín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D McDonald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0026, USA
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Palacín M, Estévez R, Bertran J, Zorzano A. Molecular biology of mammalian plasma membrane amino acid transporters. Physiol Rev 1998; 78:969-1054. [PMID: 9790568 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1998.78.4.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular biology entered the field of mammalian amino acid transporters in 1990-1991 with the cloning of the first GABA and cationic amino acid transporters. Since then, cDNA have been isolated for more than 20 mammalian amino acid transporters. All of them belong to four protein families. Here we describe the tissue expression, transport characteristics, structure-function relationship, and the putative physiological roles of these transporters. Wherever possible, the ascription of these transporters to known amino acid transport systems is suggested. Significant contributions have been made to the molecular biology of amino acid transport in mammals in the last 3 years, such as the construction of knockouts for the CAT-1 cationic amino acid transporter and the EAAT2 and EAAT3 glutamate transporters, as well as a growing number of studies aimed to elucidate the structure-function relationship of the amino acid transporter. In addition, the first gene (rBAT) responsible for an inherited disease of amino acid transport (cystinuria) has been identified. Identifying the molecular structure of amino acid transport systems of high physiological relevance (e.g., system A, L, N, and x(c)- and of the genes responsible for other aminoacidurias as well as revealing the key molecular mechanisms of the amino acid transporters are the main challenges of the future in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Palacín
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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Melanitou E, Joly F, Lathrop M, Boitard C, Avner P. Evidence for the presence of insulin-dependent diabetes-associated alleles on the distal part of mouse chromosome 6. Genome Res 1998; 8:608-20. [PMID: 9647636 PMCID: PMC310738 DOI: 10.1101/gr.8.6.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/1997] [Accepted: 04/13/1998] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (IDDM) is a complex disorder with multifactorial and polygenic etiology. A genome-wide screen performed in a BC1 cohort of a cross between the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse with the diabetes-resistant feral strain PWK detected a major locus contributing to diabetes development on the distal part of chromosome 6. Unlike the majority of other Idd loci identified in intraspecific crosses, susceptibility is associated with the presence of the PWK allele. Genetic linkage analysis of congenic lines segregating PWK chromosome 6 segments in a NOD background confirmed the presence of the Idd locus within this region. The genetic interval defined by analysis of congenic animals showed a peak of significant linkage (P = 0.0005) centered on an approximately 9-cM region lying between D6Mit11 and D6Mit25 genetic markers within distal mouse chromosome 6. [Genetic markers polymorphic between the NOD and PWK strains are available as a supplement at http://www.genome.org]
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Affiliation(s)
- E Melanitou
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Murine, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
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Symula DJ, Shedlovsky A, Dove WF. Genetic mapping of hph2, a mutation affecting amino acid transport in the mouse. Mamm Genome 1997; 8:98-101. [PMID: 9060407 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe the genetic mapping of hyperphenylal-aninemia 2 (hph2), a recessive mutation in the mouse that causes deficient amino acid transport similar to Hartnup disorder, a human genetic amino acid transport disorder. The hph2 locus was mapped in three separate crosses to identify candidate genes for hph2 and a region of homology in the human genome where we propose the Hartnup Disorder gene might lie. The mutation maps to mouse Chromosome (Chr) 7 distal of the simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) marker D7Mit140 and does not recombine with D7Nds4, an SSLP marker in the fibroblast growth factor 3 (Fgf3) gene. Unexpectedly, the mutant chromosome affects recombination frequency in the D7Mit12 to D7Nds4 interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Symula
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
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