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Castelló A, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Lope V, Guevara M, Colorado-Yohar S, Dorronsoro A, Quirós JR, Castro-Espin C, Sayon-Orea C, Santiuste C, Amiano P, Lasheras C, Sanchez MJ, Pollán M. High adherence to Western dietary pattern increases breast cancer risk (an EPIC-Spain study). Maturitas 2024; 179:107868. [PMID: 37925868 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between three previously identified and validated dietary patterns (Western, Prudent and Mediterranean) and breast cancer risk by tumour subtype and menopausal status. METHODS Data from the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study provided epidemiological information (including diet and cancer incidence) from 24,892 women (639 breast cancer cases) recruited between 1992 and 1996. The associations between adherence to the three dietary patterns and breast cancer risk (overall and by tumour subtype) were explored by fitting multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by region, among other variables. A possible interaction with menopausal status (changing over time) was explored. RESULTS No clear association of the Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns with breast cancer risk was found. When compared with women with a level of adherence to the Western diet in the first quartile, women with a level of adherence in the third (hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval) (HR(95%CI)):1.37 (1.07;1.77)) and fourth quartiles (1.37 (1.03;1.83)); p for curvature of splines = 0.016) showed a non-linear increased risk, especially postmenopausal women (HR (95 % CI) 1.30 (0.98;1.72) in the third and 1.42 (1.04;1.94) in the fourth quartiles; p for curvature of splines = 0.081) and for estrogen or progesterone receptor positive with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative tumours (HR (95 % CI) 1.62 (1.10;2.38) and 1.71 (1.11;2.63) for the third and fourth quartiles respectively; p for curvature of splines = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Intake of foods such as high-fat dairy products, red and processed meats, refined grains, sweets, caloric drinks, convenience food and sauces might be associated with a higher risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Castelló
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Virginia Lope
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Sandra Colorado-Yohar
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB, Murcia, Spain; Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ane Dorronsoro
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | | | - Carlota Castro-Espin
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sayon-Orea
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Santiuste
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Cristina Lasheras
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - María-José Sanchez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, 18011 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Marina Pollán
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Stasiewicz B, Wadolowska L, Biernacki M, Slowinska MA, Stachowska E. Dietary Fat Intake: Associations with Dietary Patterns and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer-A Case-Control Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071724. [PMID: 35406496 PMCID: PMC8997044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the associations of dietary fat intake with BC occurrence and dietary patterns. This case-control study involved 420 women aged 40−79 years from northeastern Poland, including 190 newly diagnosed BC cases. Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire (62-item FFQ-6®). The Quick Food Scan of the National Cancer Institute and the Percentage Energy from Fat Screener scoring procedures were used to estimate the percentage energy from dietary fat (Pfat). The odds of BC occurrence was three times higher in the Pfat > 32%. The Pfat > 32% was positively associated with the ‘Non-Healthy’ DP and inversely associated with the Polish-aMED® score, ‘Prudent’ DP, and ‘Margarine and Sweetened Dairy’ DP. This case-control study suggests that a higher dietary fat intake (>32%) may contribute to an increased occurrence of peri- and postmenopausal breast cancer in women. Given the obtained results, an unhealthy dietary pattern characterized by the consumption of highly processed, high in sugar foods and animal fat foods should be avoided to reduce fat intake. Instead, the frequent consumption of low-processed plant foods, fish, and moderate consumption of low-fat dairy should be recommended since this pro-healthy diet is inversely associated with dietary fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Stasiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45f, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.W.); (M.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Lidia Wadolowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45f, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.W.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Maciej Biernacki
- Department of Surgery, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Anna Slowinska
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45f, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.W.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (E.S.)
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Jia T, Liu Y, Fan Y, Wang L, Jiang E. Association of Healthy Diet and Physical Activity With Breast Cancer: Lifestyle Interventions and Oncology Education. Front Public Health 2022; 10:797794. [PMID: 35400043 PMCID: PMC8984028 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.797794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cancer statistics suggest that breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer in women, with an estimated 2. 3 million new cases reported in 2020. Observational evidence shows a clear link between prevention and development of invasive BC and lifestyle-based interventions such as a healthy diet and physical activity. The recent findings reveal that even minimal amounts of daily exercise and a healthy diet reduced the risk of BC, mitigated the side effects of cancer treatment, and stopped the recurrence of cancer in the survivors. Despite the myriad benefits, the implementation of these lifestyle interventions in at-risk and survivor populations has been limited to date. Given the need to disseminate information about the role of physical activity and nutrition in BC reduction, the review aimed to present the recent scientific outreach and update on associations between the lifestyle interventions and BC outcomes to narrow the gap and strengthen the understanding more clearly. This review covers more direct, detailed, and updated scientific literature to respond to frequently asked questions related to the daily lifestyle-based interventions and their impact on BC risk and survivors. This review also highlights the importance of the oncology provider's job and how oncology education can reduce the BC burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Jia
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lintao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Enshe Jiang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Enshe Jiang
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Kontele I, Grammatikopoulou MG, Vassilakou T. Level of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Weight Status among Adolescent Female Gymnasts: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8121135. [PMID: 34943331 PMCID: PMC8700392 DOI: 10.3390/children8121135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent female gymnasts are a vulnerable population in terms of their diet, as their nutritional needs are higher due to their growth and high daily training demands. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a well-known dietary pattern that is associated with a greater nutritional adequacy and a lower prevalence of overweight. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the degree of adherence to the MD among adolescent female athletes who participated in all disciplines of gymnastics in Greece, as well as to explore the potential correlations between MD adherence, body weight, and body mass index (BMI). A total of 269 female gymnasts (between 11-18 years old) completed the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) and reported their weight and height. Approximately 10% of the participants were underweight and a mere 5.6% were classified as overweight. A high adherence to the MD was reported by 34.9% of the sample and this was correlated with a healthier BMI. Moreover, specific eating habits, such as eating nuts 2-3 times per week and eating fast-food less than once-weekly, were also associated with BMI. Athletes, parents, and coaches of gymnastics should be informed and educated regarding balanced nutrition habits. Future studies could evaluate adherence to MD, as well as the factors that influence the eating behaviors of adolescent female and male athletes in various sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kontele
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (T.V.)
| | - Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Tonia Vassilakou
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (T.V.)
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Jacobs I, Taljaard-Krugell C, Wicks M, Cubasch H, Joffe M, Laubscher R, Romieu I, Biessy C, Rinaldi S, Huybrechts I. Dietary Patterns and Breast Cancer Risk in Black Urban South African Women: The SABC Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:4106. [PMID: 34836361 PMCID: PMC8617719 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 396 breast cancer cases and 396 population-based controls from the South African Breast Cancer study (SABC) matched on age and demographic settings was included. Validated questionnaires were used to collect dietary and epidemiological data. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis with a covariance matrix from 33 food groups. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using conditional logistic regression. A traditional, a cereal-dairy breakfast and a processed food dietary pattern were identified, which together explained 40.3% of the total variance in the diet. After adjusting for potential confounders, the traditional dietary pattern and cereal-dairy breakfast dietary pattern were inversely associated with breast cancer risk (highest tertile versus lowest tertile) (OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.57-0.89, p-trend = 0.004 and OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.59-0.90, p-trend = 0.004, respectively). The processed food dietary pattern was not significantly associated with breast cancer risk. The results of this study show that a traditional dietary pattern and a cereal-dairy breakfast dietary pattern may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inarie Jacobs
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (C.T.-K.); (M.W.)
| | - Christine Taljaard-Krugell
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (C.T.-K.); (M.W.)
| | - Mariaan Wicks
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (C.T.-K.); (M.W.)
| | - Herbert Cubasch
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa;
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd., Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Maureen Joffe
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd., Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
- MRC Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Ria Laubscher
- South African Medical Research Council Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Carine Biessy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, IARC-WHO, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.B.); (S.R.); (I.H.)
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, IARC-WHO, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.B.); (S.R.); (I.H.)
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, IARC-WHO, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.B.); (S.R.); (I.H.)
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Adebo OA, Gabriela Medina-Meza I. Impact of Fermentation on the Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Whole Cereal Grains: A Mini Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040927. [PMID: 32093014 PMCID: PMC7070691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization, emergence, and prominence of diseases and ailments have led to conscious and deliberate consumption of health beneficial foods. Whole grain (WG) cereals are one type of food with an array of nutritionally important and healthy constituents, including carotenoids, inulin, β-glucan, lignans, vitamin E-related compounds, tocols, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds, which are beneficial for human consumption. They not only provide nutrition, but also confer health promoting effects in food, such as anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, and antioxidant properties. Fermentation is a viable processing technique to transform whole grains in edible foods since it is an affordable, less complicated technique, which not only transforms whole grains but also increases nutrient bioavailability and positively alters the levels of health-promoting components (particularly antioxidants) in derived whole grain products. This review addresses the impact of fermentation on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities with most available studies indicating an increase in these health beneficial constituents. Such increases are mostly due to breakdown of the cereal cell wall and subsequent activities of enzymes that lead to the liberation of bound phenolic compounds, which increase antioxidant activities. In addition to the improvement of these valuable constituents, increasing the consumption of fermented whole grain cereals would be vital for the world's ever-growing population. Concerted efforts and adequate strategic synergy between concerned stakeholders (researchers, food industry, and government/policy makers) are still required in this regard to encourage consumption and dispel negative presumptions about whole grain foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Gauteng, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-559-6261
| | - Ilce Gabriela Medina-Meza
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, 524 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824-1323, USA;
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Guardiola-Serrano F, Beteta-Göbel R, Rodríguez-Lorca R, Ibarguren M, López DJ, Terés S, Alonso-Sande M, Higuera M, Torres M, Busquets X, Escribá PV. The triacylglycerol, hydroxytriolein, inhibits triple negative mammary breast cancer cell proliferation through a mechanism dependent on dihydroceramide and Akt. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2486-2507. [PMID: 31069012 PMCID: PMC6493458 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is an attractive target for new anticancer drugs, not least because regulating its lipid structure can control multiple signaling pathways involved in cancer cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Accordingly, the novel anticancer drug hydroxytriolein (HTO) was designed to interact with and regulate the composition and structure of the membrane, which in turn controls the interaction of amphitropic signaling membrane proteins with the lipid bilayer. Changes in signaling provoked by HTO impair the growth of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, aggressive breast tumor cells that have a worse prognosis than other types of breast cancers and for which there is as yet no effective targeted therapy. HTO alters the lipid composition and structure of cancer cell membranes, inhibiting the growth of MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 TNBC cells in vitro. Depending on the cellular context, HTO could regulate two pathways involved in TNBC cell proliferation. On the one hand, HTO might stimulate ERK signaling and induce TNBC cell autophagy, while on the other, it could increase dihydroceramide and ceramide production, which would inhibit Akt independently of EGFR activation and provoke cell death. In vivo studies using a model of human TNBC show that HTO and its fatty acid constituent (2-hydroxyoleic acid) impair tumor growth, with no undesired side effects. For these reasons, HTO appears to be a promising anticancer molecule that targets the lipid bilayer (membrane-lipid therapy). By regulating membrane lipids, HTO controls important signaling pathways involved in cancer cell growth, the basis of its pharmacological efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Guardiola-Serrano
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Roberto Beteta-Göbel
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Lorca
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Maitane Ibarguren
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - David J López
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Silvia Terés
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - María Alonso-Sande
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Mónica Higuera
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Manuel Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Xavier Busquets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Pablo V Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Xiao Y, Xia J, Li L, Ke Y, Cheng J, Xie Y, Chu W, Cheung P, Kim JH, Colditz GA, Tamimi RM, Su X. Associations between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:16. [PMID: 30696460 PMCID: PMC6352362 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence suggests that certain dietary patterns were associated with breast cancer risk, but the results have been inconclusive. We assessed the associations between different dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer by conducting a meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases through September 2017. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the highest and lowest categories of Western and prudent dietary patterns were combined by using the random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS We identified 32 eligible articles including 14 cohort and 18 case-control studies (34 Western and 35 prudent studies). The pooled analyses found that a Western dietary pattern was associated with a 14% increased risk (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02, 1.28), whereas a prudent dietary pattern was associated with an 18% reduced risk of breast cancer (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75, 0.89). In addition, sub-group analyses showed that the positive association between a Western dietary pattern and breast cancer risk was significant among postmenopausal (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06, 1.35), but not premenopausal women (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.99, 1.40), and significant for hormone receptor-positive tumors (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.33), but not receptor-negative tumors (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.83, 1.12). In contrast, the inverse association between a prudent dietary pattern and breast cancer was significant in premenopausal (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61, 0.98), but not postmenopausal women (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74, 1.03), and significant for both hormone receptor-positive and receptor-negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current meta-analysis suggest a possible increased risk of breast cancer associated with a Western dietary pattern and a reduced risk with a prudent dietary pattern. Large-scale cohort studies with a high quality need to be conducted to further confirm the findings of the current meta-analysis. As dietary patterns are modifiable, these findings may provide viable strategies for breast cancer prevention through changes in dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Xiao
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjie Xia
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Li
- MPH Education Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaojie Xie
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winnie Chu
- Department of Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Polly Cheung
- Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jean Hee Kim
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xuefen Su
- MPH Education Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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Krusinska B, Wadolowska L, Slowinska MA, Biernacki M, Drozdowski M, Chadzynski T. Associations of Dietary Patterns and Metabolic-Hormone Profiles with Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10122013. [PMID: 30572623 PMCID: PMC6316263 DOI: 10.3390/nu10122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Studies regarding complex breast cancer aetiology are limited and the results are inconclusive. We investigated the associations between dietary patterns (DPs), metabolic-hormone profiles (M-HPs), and breast cancer risk. This case-control study involved 420 women aged 40⁻79 years from north-eastern Poland, including 190 newly-diagnosed breast cancer cases. The serum concentration of lipid components, glucose, and hormones (oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone, prolactin, cortisol, insulin) was marked in 129 post-menopausal women (82 controls, 47 cases). The food frequency consumption was collected using a validated 62-item food frequency questionnaire. A posteriori DPs or M-HPs were derived with a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Three DPs: 'Non-Healthy', 'Prudent', and 'Margarine and Sweetened Dairy' and two M-HPs: 'Metabolic-Syndrome' and 'High-Hormone' were identified. The 'Polish-adapted Mediterranean Diet' ('Polish-aMED') score was calculated. The risk of breast cancer risk was three-times higher (odds ratio (OR): 2.90; 95% confidence interval (95% Cl): 1.62⁻5.21; p < 0.001) in the upper tertile of the 'Non-Healthy' pattern (reference: bottom tertile) and five-times higher (OR: 5.34; 95% Cl: 1.84⁻15.48; p < 0.01) in the upper tertile of the 'High-Hormone' profile (reference: bottom tertile). There was a positive association of 'Metabolic-Syndrome' profile and an inverse association of 'Polish-aMED' score with the risk of breast cancer, which disappeared after adjustment for confounders. No significant association between 'Prudent' or 'Margarine and Sweetened Dairy' DPs and cancer risk was revealed. Concluding, a pro-healthy diet is insufficient to reduce the risk of breast cancer in peri- and postmenopausal women. The findings highlight the harmful effect of the 'High-Hormone' profile and the 'Non-Healthy' dietary pattern on breast cancer risk. In breast cancer prevention, special attention should be paid to decreasing the adherence to the 'Non-Healthy' pattern by reducing the consumption of highly processed food and foods with a high content of sugar and animal fat. There is also a need to monitor the concentration of multiple sex hormones in the context of breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Krusinska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45f, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Lidia Wadolowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45f, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Anna Slowinska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45f, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maciej Biernacki
- Department of Surgery, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marek Drozdowski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Chadzynski
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45f, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
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11
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Battino M, Forbes-Hernández TY, Gasparrini M, Afrin S, Cianciosi D, Zhang J, Manna PP, Reboredo-Rodríguez P, Varela Lopez A, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Bompadre S, Xiao J, Giampieri F. Relevance of functional foods in the Mediterranean diet: the role of olive oil, berries and honey in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:893-920. [PMID: 30421983 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1526165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a well-known dietary pattern associated with longevity and improvement of life quality as it reduces the risk of the most common chronic pathologies, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), that represent the principal cause of death worldwide. One of the most characteristic foods of MedDiet is olive oil, a very complex matrix, which constitutes the main source of fats and is used in the preparation of foods, both raw as an ingredient in recipes, and in cooking. Similarly, strawberries and raspberries are tasty and powerful foods which are commonly consumed in the Mediterranean area in fresh and processed forms and have attracted the scientific and consumer attention worldwide for their beneficial properties for human health. Besides olive oil and berries, honey has lately been introduced in the MedDiet thanks to its relevant nutritional, phytochemical and antioxidant profile. It is a sweet substance that has recently been classified as a functional food. The aim of this review is to present and discuss the recent evidence, obtained from in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies, on the potential roles exerted by these foods in the prevention and progression of different types of cancer and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Battino
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Sadia Afrin
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Piera P Manna
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
| | - Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy.,b Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Vigo, Ourense Campus , Ourense , Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela Lopez
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy.,c Department of Physiology , Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Josè L Quiles
- c Department of Physiology , Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- d Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Stefano Bompadre
- e Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Sanità Pubblica , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- f Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Taipa , Macau , China
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Ancona , Italy
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12
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Taha Z, Eltom SE. The Role of Diet and Lifestyle in Women with Breast Cancer: An Update Review of Related Research in the Middle East. Biores Open Access 2018; 7:73-80. [PMID: 29862141 PMCID: PMC5982158 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2018.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among Arab women in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). The incidence of breast cancer has substantially increased in recent years among this women population, especially those younger than 50, and the incidence is expected to double by 2030. Considerable experimental evidence supports the potential role of dietary habits and lifestyle in cancer etiology and cancer prevention. In this review we examined the literature for evidence to link dietary choices and the rise in incidence and mortality of breast cancer among women in EMR. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE databases up to December 2017. The search terms used are breast cancer prevalence, breast cancer incidence worldwide, breast cancer and: nutrition, protein intake, vitamin D intake, fat intake, phytoestrogens, EMR, Arab, Middle East, Gulf countries, the UAE Arab women, breast cancer risk, diet, and chemoprevention. We found evidence to suggest that there is an alarming epidemic of obesity among women in most of the EMR countries, especially Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The rise in the new breast cancer cases among women could be attributed to excess body weight. Their dietary pattern, which correlates with obesity, can be an important factor in the etiology of cancer. Although very few studies were found to support a direct causal relationship between obesity and breast cancer in the EMR, circumstantial evidence clearly points to the possible role of the epidemic, obesity, in this population and the startling rise in cases of breast cancer. Well-designed and systematic studies are urgently needed to confirm these associations and to elucidate potential mechanisms. More urgently, calls to action are needed in many sectors and at all levels of society, to establish intensive strategies for reducing obesity and promoting an overall healthy diet. Continued and expanded research on diet, lifestyle, and breast cancer risk is urgently needed to build the foundation for future progress in evidence-based public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Taha
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sakina E Eltom
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee.,Center for Women's Health Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
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13
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Sofi NY, Jain M, Kapil U, Seenu V, Kamal VK, Pandey RM. Nutritional risk factors and status of serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with breast cancer: A case control study in India. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 175:55-59. [PMID: 27687737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To study the nutritional risk factors and status of serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with breast cancer. A total of 100 women (cases) with confirmed breast cancer (BC) matched with equal number of healthy females (controls) of similar age and socioeconomic status (SES) were included in study. Controls included were nonbreast cancer patients who accompanied the patients to a tertiary care hospital. All the subjects (cases and controls) were administered a questionnaires to collect data on socioeconomic status, dietary pattern and the frequency of food consumption using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric assessment was done for waist and hip circumference to calculate waist to hip ratio (WHR). Non fasting blood samples were collected for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels estimation using chemiluminescent immunoassay technique and total serum calcium levels by colorimetric assay technique. Serum 25(OH)D and total calcium levels were expressed in ng/ml and mg/dl. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as per the guidelines set by United States Endocrine Society. The mean age of cases and controls was 45±9 and 46±10 years respectively. On multivariate analysis, an inverse association with BC was found for less frequency of fruits consumption with an adjusted (ORs, 95% CI) (2.7, 0.5-15.7) respectively. Mushroom intake was inversely associated with risk of BC (ORs, 95% CI) (5.6, 1.9-16.6). Saturated fat intake and high WHR were significantly associated with high risk of BC with adjusted ORs, 95% CI of (3.4, 1.4-8.1) and (5, 1.4-17). A significant association (p<0.05) was found between low serum 25(OH)D levels and the risk of BC with adjusted ORs, 95% CI of (2.5, 0.9-7.4). Majority of the patients with BC were suffering from vitamin D deficiency. Dietary intake of mushrooms containing vitamin D naturally was found to be associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. A significant association was found between low serum 25(OH)D levels (<20ng/ml) with the risk of BC. Obesity as a consequence of nutritional risk factors determined by higher WHR was found to be significantly associated with the risk of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Y Sofi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Science, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Monika Jain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Science, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
| | - Umesh Kapil
- Department of Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Vuthaluru Seenu
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Kamal
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Ravinder Mohan Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
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14
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Santos LP, Assunção MCF, Matijasevich A, Santos IS, Barros AJD. Dietary intake patterns of children aged 6 years and their association with socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, early feeding practices and body mass index. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1055. [PMID: 27716197 PMCID: PMC5052805 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake patterns of children from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort study have been described at 12, 24 and 48 months of age, but there is no information about dietary patterns of these children at 6 years. Then, we aimed to identify and describe dietary intake patterns of children aged 6 years as well as to assess their association with socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, early feeding practices and BMI z-score at 6 years. METHODS We used principal components analysis to identify dietary intake patterns of 3,427 children from the 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study. We used multiple linear regression models to evaluate whether socioeconomic and demographic characteristics (socioeconomic position, mother's age at birth, and child's sex and skin colour), early feeding practices (exclusive breastfeeding duration and age of introduction of complementary foods), and BMI z-score at 6 years were associated with dietary intake patterns. RESULTS We identified seven dietary components of children's dietary intake patterns, namely: fruits and vegetables, snacks and treats, coffee and bread, milk, cheese and processed meats, rice and beans and carbohydrates. Dietary patterns were socially patterned, since six dietary components were associated with socioeconomic position. Moreover, high intake of snacks and treats and less fruits and vegetables were associated with children born to teenage mothers, with those exclusively breastfed for less than one month, and with those who started on complementary feeding before 4 months. Finally, overweight and obese children at 6 years presented lower intake of four out of seven dietary components, but we need to be cautious in interpretation due to limitations on food consumption reporting and due to possible reverse causality. CONCLUSION Dietary intake patterns in children are strongly influenced by socioeconomic characteristics. Other factors such as younger maternal age at birth, and both early weaning and early introduction of complementary feeding appear to be related with 'unhealthier' patterns. Overweight and obese children presented lower intake of four out of seven dietary components, but further studies would be interesting to understand the longitudinal effect of children's feeding practices on BMI and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pozza Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, 1160 Marechal Deodoro Street, 3th floor, Pelotas, Zip Code 96020-220, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cecília Formoso Assunção
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, 1160 Marechal Deodoro Street, 3th floor, Pelotas, Zip Code 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, 1160 Marechal Deodoro Street, 3th floor, Pelotas, Zip Code 96020-220, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo, 455 Dr Arnaldo avenue, 2nd floor, São Paulo, Zip Code 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Iná S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, 1160 Marechal Deodoro Street, 3th floor, Pelotas, Zip Code 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Aluísio J D Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, 1160 Marechal Deodoro Street, 3th floor, Pelotas, Zip Code 96020-220, Brazil
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15
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The effect of under-reporting of energy intake on dietary patterns and on the associations between dietary patterns and self-reported chronic disease in women aged 50–69 years. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:547-58. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711451600218x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether under-reporting of energy intake affects derived dietary patterns and the association between dietary patterns and self-reported chronic disease. Diets of 6204 women aged 50–69 years participating in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program were assessed using a 253-item FFQ. We identified dietary patterns using principal component analysis. According to the revised Goldberg cut-off method, women with a ratio of reported energy intake:estimated BMR<1·10 were classified as low energy reporters (n 1133, 18 %). We examined the associations between dietary patterns and self-reported chronic diseases by log-binomial regression, and the results are presented as prevalence ratios (PR) and CI. ‘Prudent’, ‘Western’ and ‘Continental’ dietary patterns were identified among all reporters and plausible reporters. The PR expressing the associations between the ‘Western’ and ‘Prudent’ dietary pattern scores and self-reported chronic diseases were consistently highest among plausible reporters except for joint/muscle/skeletal disorders. The largest difference in PR among plausible v. all reporters was found for the association between the ‘Prudent’ pattern and diabetes (PR for highest v. lowest tertile: PRall reporters 2·16; 95 % CI 1·50, 3·13; Ptrend<0·001; PRplausible reporters 2·86; 95 % CI 1·81, 4·51; Ptrend<0·001). In conclusion, our results suggest that under-reporting can result in systematic error that can affect the association between dietary pattern and disease. In studies of dietary patterns, investigators ought to consider reporting effect estimates both for all individuals and for plausible reporters.
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16
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Hirko KA, Willett WC, Hankinson SE, Rosner BA, Beck AH, Tamimi RM, Eliassen AH. Healthy dietary patterns and risk of breast cancer by molecular subtype. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 155:579-88. [PMID: 26872903 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We examined associations between dietary quality indices and breast cancer risk by molecular subtype among 100,643 women in the prospective Nurses' Health Study (NHS) cohort, followed from 1984 to 2006. Dietary quality scores for the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary patterns were calculated from semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires collected every 2-4 years. Breast cancer molecular subtypes were defined according to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), and epidermal growth factor receptor status from immunostained tumor microarrays in combination with histologic grade. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age and breast cancer risk factors, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Competing risk analyses were used to assess heterogeneity by subtype. We did not observe any significant associations between the AHEI or aMED dietary patterns and risk of breast cancer by molecular subtype. However, a significantly reduced risk of HER2-type breast cancer was observed among women in 5th versus 1st quintile of the DASH dietary pattern [n = 134 cases, Q5 vs. Q1 HR (95 % CI) = 0.44 (0.25-0.77)], and the inverse trend across quintiles was significant (p trend = 0.02). We did not observe any heterogeneity in associations between AHEI (p het = 0.25), aMED (p het = 0.71), and DASH (p het = 0.12) dietary patterns and breast cancer by subtype. Adherence to the AHEI, aMED, and DASH dietary patterns was not strongly associated with breast cancer molecular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Hirko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, 909 Fee Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Walter C Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 909 Fee Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 909 Fee Road, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 909 Fee Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 909 Fee Road, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 909 Fee Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 909 Fee Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 909 Fee Road, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 909 Fee Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 909 Fee Road, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Xin Y, Li XY, Sun SR, Wang LX, Huang T. Vegetable Oil Intake and Breast Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:5125-35. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.5125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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18
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Whole-grain foods and chronic disease: evidence from epidemiological and intervention studies. Proc Nutr Soc 2015; 74:313-9. [PMID: 26062574 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665115002104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cereal-based foods are key components of the diet and they dominate most food-based dietary recommendations in order to achieve targets for intake of carbohydrate, protein and dietary fibre. Processing (milling) of grains to produce refined grain products removes key nutrients and phytochemicals from the flour and although in some countries nutrients may be replaced with mandatory fortification, overall this refinement reduces their potential nutritional quality. There is increasing evidence from both observational and intervention studies that increased intake of less-refined, whole-grain (WG) foods has positive health benefits. The highest WG consumers are consistently shown to have lower risk of developing CVD, type 2 diabetes and some cancers. WG consumers may also have better digestive health and are likely to have lower BMI and gain less weight over time. The bulk of the evidence for the benefits of WG comes from observational studies, but evidence of benefit in intervention studies and potential mechanisms of action is increasing. Overall this evidence supports the promotion of WG foods over refined grain foods in the diet, but this would require adoption of standard definitions of 'whole grain' and 'whole-grain foods' which will enable innovation by food manufacturers, provide clarity for the consumer and encourage the implementation of food-based dietary recommendations and public health strategies.
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19
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Ostan R, Lanzarini C, Pini E, Scurti M, Vianello D, Bertarelli C, Fabbri C, Izzi M, Palmas G, Biondi F, Martucci M, Bellavista E, Salvioli S, Capri M, Franceschi C, Santoro A. Inflammaging and cancer: a challenge for the Mediterranean diet. Nutrients 2015; 7:2589-621. [PMID: 25859884 PMCID: PMC4425163 DOI: 10.3390/nu7042589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered the major risk factor for cancer, one of the most important mortality causes in the western world. Inflammaging, a state of chronic, low-level systemic inflammation, is a pervasive feature of human aging. Chronic inflammation increases cancer risk and affects all cancer stages, triggering the initial genetic mutation or epigenetic mechanism, promoting cancer initiation, progression and metastatic diffusion. Thus, inflammaging is a strong candidate to connect age and cancer. A corollary of this hypothesis is that interventions aiming to decrease inflammaging should protect against cancer, as well as most/all age-related diseases. Epidemiological data are concordant in suggesting that the Mediterranean Diet (MD) decreases the risk of a variety of cancers but the underpinning mechanism(s) is (are) still unclear. Here we review data indicating that the MD (as a whole diet or single bioactive nutrients typical of the MD) modulates multiple interconnected processes involved in carcinogenesis and inflammatory response such as free radical production, NF-κB activation and expression of inflammatory mediators, and the eicosanoids pathway. Particular attention is devoted to the capability of MD to affect the balance between pro- and anti-inflammaging as well as to emerging topics such as maintenance of gut microbiota (GM) homeostasis and epigenetic modulation of oncogenesis through specific microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Catia Lanzarini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisa Pini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Scurti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Dario Vianello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudia Bertarelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Cristina Fabbri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Izzi
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giustina Palmas
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fiammetta Biondi
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena Bellavista
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
- National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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