1
|
Wang T, Wang M, Liu L, Xie F, Wu X, Li L, Ji J, Wu D. Lower serum branched-chain amino acid catabolic intermediates are predictive signatures specific to patients with diabetic foot. Nutr Res 2023; 119:33-42. [PMID: 37716292 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the serious chronic complications of diabetes. Accurate prediction of the risk of DF may take timely intervention measures to prevent its occurrence. The understanding of metabolomic changes in the progression of diabetes to DF may reveal new targets for interventions. We hypothesized that changes in metabolic pathways during DF would lead to changes in the metabolic profile, which could be predictive signature specific to it. In the present study, 43 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 32 T2DM participants with DF (T2DM-F), and 36 healthy subjects were enrolled and their serum samples were used for targeted and nonpolar metabolic analysis with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Differential metabolites related to T2DM-F were discovered in metabolomic analysis. Lasso machine learning regression model, random forest algorithm, causal mediation analysis, disease risk assessment, and clinical decision model were carried out. T2DM and T2DM-F groups could be distinguished with the healthy control group. The differential metabolites were all enriched in alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolic pathways including arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic-acid 22N-6, and docosahexaenoic-acid, which were significantly lower in the T2DM and T2DM-F groups compared with the healthy control group. The differential metabolites in T2DM-F vs T2DM groups were enriched to branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolic pathways involving in methylmalonic acid, succinic acid, 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, and ketoleucine, which were the BCAA catabolic intermediates and significantly lower in the T2DM-F compared with the T2DM group except for succinic acid. We reveal a new set of predictive signatures and associate the lower BCAA catabolic intermediates with the progression from T2DM to T2DM-F.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Chinese Academy of Science Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518027, China
| | - Mingbang Wang
- Microbiome Therapy Center, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Liming Liu
- Pathology Department, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518027, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Chinese Academy of Science Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518027, China
| | - Xuanqin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Chinese Academy of Science Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518027, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Chinese Academy of Science Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518027, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Chinese Academy of Science Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518027, China.
| | - Dafang Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Xi'an No.1 Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710000, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lorenzo K, Santocildes G, Torrella JR, Magalhães J, Pagès T, Viscor G, Torres JL, Ramos-Romero S. Bioactivity of Macronutrients from Chlorella in Physical Exercise. Nutrients 2023; 15:2168. [PMID: 37432326 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella is a marine microalga rich in proteins and containing all the essential amino acids. Chlorella also contains fiber and other polysaccharides, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. The proportion of the different macronutrients in Chlorella can be modulated by altering the conditions in which it is cultured. The bioactivities of these macronutrients make Chlorella a good candidate food to include in regular diets or as the basis of dietary supplements in exercise-related nutrition both for recreational exercisers and professional athletes. This paper reviews current knowledge of the effects of the macronutrients in Chlorella on physical exercise, specifically their impact on performance and recovery. In general, consuming Chlorella improves both anaerobic and aerobic exercise performance as well as physical stamina and reduces fatigue. These effects seem to be related to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic activity of all its macronutrients, while each component of Chlorella contributes its bioactivity via a specific action. Chlorella is an excellent dietary source of high-quality protein in the context of physical exercise, as dietary proteins increase satiety, activation of the anabolic mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin) pathway in skeletal muscle, and the thermic effects of meals. Chlorella proteins also increase intramuscular free amino acid levels and enhance the ability of the muscles to utilize them during exercise. Fiber from Chlorella increases the diversity of the gut microbiota, which helps control body weight and maintain intestinal barrier integrity, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which improve physical performance. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from Chlorella contribute to endothelial protection and modulate the fluidity and rigidity of cell membranes, which may improve performance. Ultimately, in contrast to several other nutritional sources, the use of Chlorella to provide high-quality protein, dietary fiber, and bioactive fatty acids may also significantly contribute to a sustainable world through the fixation of carbon dioxide and a reduction of the amount of land used to produce animal feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karenia Lorenzo
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Garoa Santocildes
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Ramon Torrella
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pagès
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Torres
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ramos-Romero
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng Y, Cui Y, Jin J, Huang S, Wei J, Yao M, Zhou D, Mao S. The Alterations of Gut Microbiome and Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Neurol Ther 2023; 12:961-976. [PMID: 37103747 PMCID: PMC10134726 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) can cause multiple system dysfunction, especially lipid metabolic disorders, for which management strategies are currently lacking. Microbes are related to metabolism and the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. This study aimed to preliminarily explore the alterations in the gut microbiota in SMA and the potential relationship between altered microbiota and lipid metabolic disorders. METHODS Fifteen patients with SMA and 17 gender- and age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Feces and fasting plasma samples were collected. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics analysis were performed to explore the correlation between microbiota and differential lipid metabolites. RESULTS No significant difference was found in microbial diversity (α- and β-diversity) between the SMA and control groups, with both groups having a relatively similar community structure. However, compared to the control group, the SMA group showed an increased relative abundance of the genera Ruminiclostridium, Gordonibacter, Enorma, Lawsonella, Frisingicoccus, and Anaerofilum and a decreased abundance of the genera Catabacter, Howardella, Marine_Methylotrophic_Group_3, and Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group. The concurrent metabolomic analysis showed that the SMA group had 56 different kinds of lipid metabolite levels than did the control group. Additionally, the Spearman correlation suggested a correlation between the altered differential lipid metabolites and the above-mentioned altered microbiota. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiome and lipid metabolites differed between the patients with SMA and the control subjects. The altered microbiota may be related with the lipid metabolic disorders in SMA. However, further study is necessary to clarify the mechanism of lipid metabolic disorders and develop management strategies to improve the related complications in SMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Feng
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Yiqin Cui
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jianing Jin
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Siyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Mei Yao
- Department of Infection, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Shanshan Mao
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang H, Gao R, Liu J, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Yu Z. UPLC-Q-Exactive-based rats serum metabolomics for characterization of traditional Chinese medicine Natures and Flavors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115931. [PMID: 36410573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANT: "Four Natures and five "Flavors" comes from the high generalization of medicine pharmacological rules from clinical practice by ancients. "Flavor" and "Natures"are both descriptions of the effect properties of traditional Chinese medicine. At present, researchers have realized that the "Flavors" (Pungent, Sour, Sweet, Bitter and Salty) are related to the different pharmacological effects of treatment. The "Natures" (Warm, Hot, Cold and Cool) are closely related to energy and substance metabolism and contribute to the effect of the "Flavors". Since "Four Natures and five Flavors" are the rules derived from clinical practice, how to describe and characterize "Natures" and "Flavors" scientifically is still a problem that needs to be solved. AIM OF THE STUDY the aim is to objectively further understand the scientific connotations of properties ("Flavors"and "Natures") from the perspective of metabolomics and characterize them by metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHOD "Pungent-Neutral", "Sweet-Neutral and "Bitter-Neutral" TCMs were selected to characterize the "Flavors" (Pungent, Sweet and Bitter). "Pungent-Warm" and "Bitter-Cold" were selected to characterize the "Natures" (Warm and Cold). The rat serum metabolomics was performed on UHPLC-Q-Exactive. Metabolites were identified through the metabolites databases and related literature. RESULTS The "Flavors" and "Natures" metabolites were identified, respectively, including four "Pungent", four "Sweet" and thirteen "Bitter" characterized metabolites and thirteen "Cold" and sixteen "Warm"related metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The "Natures" characterized metabolites show the "Natures" are closely related to lipid and energy metabolism. The "Warm" may promote lipid metabolism to produce ATP to generate energy through bile acid metabolism and purine metabolism. The "Cold" may inhibit lipid metabolism to generate ATP to decrease energy through the way of tryptophan metabolism and purine metabolism. The "Flavors" characteristic metabolites can provide a theoretical basis for the rules of the "Flavors". These metabolites can also be used to characterize TCM's "Natures" and "Flavors" in the development of traditional Chinese medicine resources and quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ruofang Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Zhiguo Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maternal training during lactation modifies breast milk fatty acid composition and male offspring glucose homeostasis in rat. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159223. [PMID: 35987325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The perinatal exposome can modify offspring metabolism and health later in life. Within this concept, maternal exercise during gestation has been reported modifying offspring glucose sensing and homeostasis, while the impact of such exercise during lactation is little-known. We thus aimed at evaluating short- and long-term effects of it on offspring pancreatic function, assuming a link with changes in breast milk composition. Fifteen-week-old primiparous female Wistar rats exercised during lactation at a constant submaximal intensity (TR) or remained sedentary (CT). Male offspring were studied at weaning and at 7 months of age for growth, pancreas weight, glycemia and insulin responses. Milk protein content was determined by the bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA colorimetric method), and lipid content and fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. Mature milk from TR rats contained significantly less saturated (-7 %) and more monounsaturated (+18 %) and polyunsaturated (PUFA +12 %) fatty acids compared to CT rats, with no difference in total lipid and protein concentrations. In offspring from TR vs CT mothers, fasting glycemia was lower, pancreas weight was higher with a lower insulin content (-37 %) at weaning. Such outcomes were correlated with milk PUFA levels and indices of desaturase or elongase activities. These effects were no longer present at 7 months, whereas a more efficient muscle insulin sensitivity was observed. Maternal training during lactation led to a specific milk phenotype that was associated with a short-term impact on glucose homeostasis and pancreatic function of the male offspring.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamilton JS, Klett EL. Linoleic acid and the regulation of glucose homeostasis: A review of the evidence. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 175:102366. [PMID: 34763302 PMCID: PMC8691379 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of linoleic acid (LA, ω-6 18:2), the most common ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the Modern Western diet (MWD), has significantly increased over the last century in tandem with unprecedented incidence of chronic metabolic diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although an essential fatty acid for health, LA was a very rare fatty acid in the diet of humans during their evolution. While the intake of other dietary macronutrients (carbohydrates like fructose) has also risen, diets rich in ω-6 PUFAs have been promoted in an effort to reduce cardiovascular disease despite unclear evidence as to how increased dietary LA consumption could promote a proinflammatory state and affect glucose metabolism. Current evidence suggests that sex, genetics, environmental factors, and disease status can differentially modulate how LA influences insulin sensitivity and peripheral glucose uptake as well as insulin secretion and pancreatic beta-cell function. Therefore, the aim of this review will be to summarize recent additions to our knowledge to refine the unique physiological and pathophysiological roles of LA in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob S Hamilton
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eric L Klett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuan Q, Xie F, Huang W, Hu M, Yan Q, Chen Z, Zheng Y, Liu L. The review of alpha-linolenic acid: Sources, metabolism, and pharmacology. Phytother Res 2021; 36:164-188. [PMID: 34553434 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) is a carboxylic acid composed of 18 carbon atoms and three cis double bonds, and is an essential fatty acid indispensable to the human body. This study aims to systematically review related studies on the dietary sources, metabolism, and pharmacological effects of ALA. Information on ALA was collected from the internet database PubMed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and Europe PMC using a combination of keywords including "pharmacology," "metabolism," "sources." The following findings are mainly contained. (a) ALA can only be ingested from food and then converted into eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the body. (b) This conversion process is relatively limited and affected by many factors such as dose, gender, and disease. (c) Pharmacological research shows that ALA has the anti-metabolic syndrome, anticancer, antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, neuroprotection, and regulation of the intestinal flora properties. (d) There are the most studies that prove ALA has anti-metabolic syndrome effects, including experimental studies and clinical trials. (e) The therapeutic effect of ALA will be affected by the dosage. In short, ALA is expected to treat many diseases, but further high quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of ALA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Yuan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Hanyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yaan, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qilu Yan
- Hanyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yaan, China
| | - Zemou Chen
- Hanyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yaan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pertiwi K, Küpers LK, Geleijnse JM, Zock PL, Wanders AJ, Kruger HS, van Zyl T, Kruger IM, Smuts CM. Associations of linoleic acid with markers of glucose metabolism and liver function in South African adults. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:138. [PMID: 32546275 PMCID: PMC7296762 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relation between dietary and circulating linoleic acid (18:2 n-6, LA), glucose metabolism and liver function is not yet clear. Associations of dietary and circulating LA with glucose metabolism and liver function markers were investigated. Methods Cross-sectional analyses in 633 black South Africans (aged > 30 years, 62% female, 51% urban) without type 2 diabetes at baseline of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study. A cultural-sensitive 145-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary data, including LA (percentage of energy; en%). Blood samples were collected to measure circulating LA (% total fatty acids (FA); plasma phospholipids), plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Associations per 1 standard deviation (SD) and in tertiles were analyzed using multivariable regression. Results Mean (±SD) dietary and circulating LA was 6.8 (±3.1) en% and 16.0 (±3.5) % total FA, respectively. Dietary and circulating LA were not associated with plasma glucose or HbA1c (β per 1 SD: − 0.005 to 0.010, P > 0.20). Higher dietary LA was generally associated with lower serum liver enzymes levels. One SD higher circulating LA was associated with 22% lower serum GGT (β (95% confidence interval): − 0.25 (− 0.31, − 0.18), P < 0.001), but only ≤9% lower for ALT and AST. Circulating LA and serum GGT associations differed by alcohol use and locality. Conclusion Dietary and circulating LA were inversely associated with markers of impaired liver function, but not with glucose metabolism. Alcohol use may play a role in the association between LA and liver function. Trial registration PURE North-West Province South Africa study described in this manuscript is part of the PURE study. The PURE study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03225586; URL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamalita Pertiwi
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Leanne K Küpers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Zock
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Unilever R&D, Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne J Wanders
- Unilever R&D, Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Herculina S Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Tertia van Zyl
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Iolanthé M Kruger
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Cornelius M Smuts
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chandra A, Røsjø H, Svensson M, Vigen T, Ihle-Hansen H, Orstad EB, Rønning OM, Lyngbakken MN, Nygård S, Berge T, Schmidt EB, Omland T, Tveit A, Eide IA. Plasma linoleic acid levels and cardiovascular risk factors: results from the Norwegian ACE 1950 Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1707-1717. [PMID: 32341488 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high intake of linoleic acid (LA), the major dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), has previously been associated with reduced cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in observational studies. However, recent secondary analyses from clinical trials of LA-rich diet suggest harmful effects of LA on CV health. METHODS A total of 3706 participants, all born in 1950, were included in this cross-sectional study. We investigated associations between plasma phospholipid levels of LA and CV risk factors in a Norwegian general population, characterized by a relative low LA and high marine n-3 PUFA intake. The main statistical approach was multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Plasma phospholipid LA levels ranged from 11.4 to 32.0 wt%, with a median level of 20.8 wt% (interquartile range 16.8-24.8 wt%). High plasma LA levels were associated with lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (standardized regression coefficient [Std. β-coeff.] -0.04, p = 0.02), serum triglycerides (Std. β-coeff. -0.10, p < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (Std. β-coeff. -0.10, p < 0.001), body mass index (Std. β-coeff. -0.13, p < 0.001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Std. β-coeff. -0.04, p = 0.03 and Std. β-coeff. -0.02, p = 0.02, respectively) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (Std. β-coeff. -0.09, p < 0.001). We found no association between plasma LA levels and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, glycated hemoglobin, carotid intima-media thickness, or C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION High plasma LA levels were favorably associated with several CV risk factors in this study of a Norwegian general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Chandra
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Helge Røsjø
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Research and Innovation, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - My Svensson
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thea Vigen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Håkon Ihle-Hansen
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | | | - Ole Morten Rønning
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Berge
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Erik Berg Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Arnljot Tveit
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Ivar Anders Eide
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Changes in Plasma Free Fatty Acids Associated with Type-2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092022. [PMID: 31466350 PMCID: PMC6770316 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased total plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. The exact mechanisms by which the plasma FFA profile of subjects with T2DM changes is unclear, but it is thought that dietary fats and changes to lipid metabolism are likely to contribute. Therefore, establishing the changes in concentrations of specific FFAs in an individual’s plasma is important. Each type of FFA has different effects on physiological processes, including the regulation of lipolysis and lipogenesis in adipose tissue, inflammation, endocrine signalling and the composition and properties of cellular membranes. Alterations in such processes due to altered plasma FFA concentrations/profiles can potentially result in the development of insulin resistance and coagulatory defects. Finally, fibrates and statins, lipid-regulating drugs prescribed to subjects with T2DM, are also thought to exert part of their beneficial effects by impacting on plasma FFA concentrations. Thus, it is also interesting to consider their effects on the concentration of FFAs in plasma. Collectively, we review how FFAs are altered in T2DM and explore the likely downstream physiological and pathological implications of such changes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pertiwi K, Kok DE, Wanders AJ, de Goede J, Zock PL, Geleijnse JM. Circulating n-3 fatty acids and linoleic acid as indicators of dietary fatty acid intake in post-myocardial infarction patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:343-350. [PMID: 30718141 PMCID: PMC6431560 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Population-based studies often use plasma fatty acids (FAs) as objective indicators of FA intake, especially for n-3 FA and linoleic acid (LA). The relation between dietary and circulating FA in cardiometabolic patients is largely unknown. We examined whether dietary n-3 FA and LA were reflected in plasma lipid pools in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients in Alpha Omega Cohort filled out a 203-item food-frequency questionnaire from which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and LA intake were calculated. Circulating individual FA (% total FA) were assessed in cholesteryl esters (CE; n = 4066), phospholipids (PL; n = 838), and additionally in total plasma for DHA and LA (n = 739). Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) were calculated for dietary vs. circulating FA. Circulating FA were also compared across dietary FA quintiles, overall and in subgroups by sex, obesity, diabetes, statin use, and high alcohol intake. Patients were on average 69 years old and 79% was male. Moderate correlations between dietary and circulating levels were observed for EPA (rs∼0.4 in CE and PL) and DHA (rs ∼0.5 in CE and PL, ∼0.4 in total plasma), but not for ALA (rs ∼0.0). Weak correlations were observed for LA (rs 0.1 to 0.2). Plasma LA was significantly lower in statin users and in patients with a high alcohol intake. CONCLUSIONS In post-MI patients, dietary EPA and DHA were well reflected in circulating levels. This was not the case for LA, which may partly be influenced by alcohol use and statins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Pertiwi
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, the Netherlands.
| | - D E Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | | | - J de Goede
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - P L Zock
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, the Netherlands
| | - J M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Andersson-Hall U, Carlsson NG, Sandberg AS, Holmäng A. Circulating Linoleic Acid is Associated with Improved Glucose Tolerance in Women after Gestational Diabetes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111629. [PMID: 30400149 PMCID: PMC6266712 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with previously diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of type-2-diabetes mellitus (T2D). We aimed to establish links between glucose tolerance (GT) and serum fatty acid (FA) profile in the transition from GDM to T2D. Six years after GDM, 221 women were grouped as having normal GT (NGT), impaired GT (IGT), or T2D based on oral GT test results. Fasting serum FAs were profiled, anthropometric measures taken, and dietary intake determined. Linoleic acid (LA) was significantly higher in NGT women (p < 0.001) compared with IGT and T2D, and emerged as a strong predictor of low glucose and insulin levels, independently of BMI. Self-reported vegetable oil consumption correlated with LA serum levels and glucose levels. Delta-6-, delta-9-, and stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activities were associated with decreased GT, and delta-5-desaturase activities with increased GT. In a subgroup of women at high risk of diabetes, low LA and high palmitic acid levels were seen in those that developed T2D, with no differences in other FAs or metabolic measurements. Results suggest that proportions of LA and palmitic acid are of particular interest in the transition from GDM to T2D. Interconversions between individual FAs regulated by desaturases appear to be relevant to glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Nils-Gunnar Carlsson
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wei B, Yang Z, Cheng Y, Zhou J, Yang H, Zhang L, Yang X. Proteomic Analysis of the Hepatopancreas of Chinese Mitten Crabs ( Eriocheir sinensis) Fed With a Linoleic Acid or α-Linolenic Acid Diet. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1430. [PMID: 30364271 PMCID: PMC6192328 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As representatives of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, many studies have analyzed the use of soybean oil and linseed oil rich in linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LA) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3, LNA) as better substitutes for fish oil. In aquatic animals, different dietary ratios of LA and LNA could have significant effects on growth, lipid metabolism, immune response, and reproduction. To assess the nutritive value of these two fatty acids in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), we performed transcriptome analysis and label-free quantification proteomic analysis of the hepatopancreas from mitten crabs fed with LA or LNA diet. Parallel reaction monitoring was used to confirm the reliability of the proteomic analysis. A total of 186 proteins were differentially expressed with fold change ≥1.5 or ≤0.666. Among the 186 proteins, 116 were upregulated and 70 were downregulated in the LA than LNA. Most of these proteins participate in cellular process and metabolism process and have molecular functions such as binding and catalytic activity; the cellular component of these proteins are cell, cell part, membrane, and membrane part. A total of 18 proteins were identified to be related to lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism, and they mainly participate in digestive enzyme activities, fatty acid transport, and glycolysis. Our results provide new insights for further investigation into the replacement of fish oil from mitten crabs with vegetable oils and enable us to better understand the different roles and nutrition value of LA and LNA in mitten crabs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banghong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Skaare H, Svensson M, Jenssen T, Åsberg A, Schmidt EB, Chandra A, Ueland T, Mollnes TE, Hartmann A, Eide IA. Plasma n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and Survival in Renal Transplantation. J Ren Nutr 2018; 28:333-339. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
15
|
Sun HZ, Wang DM, Liu HY, Liu JX. Metabolomics Integrated with Transcriptomics Reveals a Subtle Liver Metabolic Risk in Dairy Cows Fed Different Crop By-products. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1800122. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition; College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Di-Ming Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition; College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yun Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition; College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition; College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|