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Zhou J, Wu Z, Lin Z, Wang W, Wan R, Liu T. Association of milk consumption with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes: a UK Biobank based large population cohort study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:130. [PMID: 36803883 PMCID: PMC9938581 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of milk consumption with mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes was unclear. OBJECTIVE The present study was performed to reveal the association of full cream, semi-skimmed, skimmed, soy, and other milk with all-cause mortality and CVD outcomes. METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed using data from the UK Biobank. This study recruited 450,507 participants without CVD at baseline between 2006 and 2010 from UK Biobank and followed them up through 2021. Cox proportional hazard models were adopted to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to understand the correlation between milk consumption and clinical outcomes. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were further conducted. RESULTS Among the participants, 435,486 (96.7%) were milk consumers. Multivariable model indicated that the adjusted HR of association between milk consumption and all-cause mortality was 0.84 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.91; P = 0.000) for semi-skimmed milk; 0.82 (0.76 to 0.88; P = 0.000) for skimmed milk and 0.83 (0.75 to 0.93; P = 0.001) for soy milk. Semi-skimmed, skimmed, and soy milk use were significantly related to lower risks of CVD mortality, CVD event, and stroke. CONCLUSION Compared with non-milk users, semi-skimmed milk, skimmed milk, and soy milk consumption were related to a lower risk of all-cause mortality and CVD outcomes. Among them, skim milk consumption was more beneficial for all-cause mortality, while soy milk consumption was more beneficial for CVD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Middle Road No. 139, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Middle Road No. 139, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Zhengjun Lin
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Middle Road No. 139, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Middle Road No. 139, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Rongjun Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Laboratory of Bone Disorder, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Middle Road No. 139, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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2
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Lim CGY, Tai ES, van Dam RM. Replacing dietary carbohydrates and refined grains with different alternatives and risk of cardiovascular diseases in a multi-ethnic Asian population. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:854-863. [PMID: 34996115 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of deaths worldwide, but prospective data on dietary risk factors for CVD in South and Southeast Asian populations are sparse. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the relation between macronutrient and food intakes and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in a multi-ethnic Asian population. METHODS We used data from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (n = 12,408), a prospective cohort of ethnic Chinese, Malay, and Indian adults aged 21‒65 y recruited between 2004 and 2010. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire, and the incidence of MACEs was ascertained through data linkage with national registries. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the associations between dietary intakes and MACE risk. RESULTS Over a mean (SD) follow-up of 10.1 (2.3) y, 746 incident cases of MACEs were documented. We observed a direct association between carbohydrate intake and MACE risk (highest vs. lowest quartile, HR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.71; P-trend = 0.001). Replacing 5% of energy from carbohydrate with polyunsaturated fat (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.91) but not saturated fat (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.09) was significantly associated with a lower MACE risk. In terms of food groups, replacing 1 serving/d of refined grains with fruit (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.99), vegetables (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.00), and dairy (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98) was associated with lower MACE risk. Cholesterol intake was associated with a higher MACE risk in ethnic Indians (highest vs. lowest quartile, HR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.53, 3.75; P-trend < 0.001) but not in ethnic Malay or Chinese (P-interaction = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Moderating carbohydrate intakes by increasing polyunsaturated fat intake and replacing refined grains with fruits, vegetables, and dairy was associated with lower MACE risk in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie G Y Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Endocrinology, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Song J, Pan C, Li F, Guo Y, Pei P, Tian X, Wang S, Gao R, Pang Z, Chen Z, Li L. Association between dairy consumption and ischemic heart disease among Chinese adults: a prospective study in Qingdao. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:11. [PMID: 35183210 PMCID: PMC8858533 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies linking dairy consumption with ischemic heart disease (IHD) are almost from western countries, with little from China. The present study was to explore the relationship between dairy consumption and IHD among Chinese adults. METHODS The data for the present study was from the prospective cohort study of China Kadoorie Biobank in Qingdao, a total of 33,355 participants in the present study. An interviewer-administered laptop-based questionnaire was used to collect information on the consumption frequency of dairy, incident IHD cases were identified through Disease Surveillance Point System and the new national health insurance databases. Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence interval for the relationship between the incidence of IHD and dairy consumption. RESULTS The baseline survey reported that 32.4% of males and 34.6% of females consumed dairy regularly (i.e. ≥ 4 days/week). Over an average of 9.2 years follow-up, 2712 new-onset IHD were documented. Compared with participants who never or rarely consume dairy, the HR of consumed dairy regularly was 0.85(0.73-0.98) for males (P < 0.05), while no significant benefits were identified for females. CONCLUSIONS Regular dairy consumption had an inverse association to the onset of IHD among males, with no similar findings for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chi Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Qingdao Municipality Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266033, China.,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaocao Tian
- Qingdao Municipality Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266033, China. .,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, 266033, China.
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Qingdao Municipality Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266033, China.,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Ruqin Gao
- Qingdao Municipality Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266033, China. .,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, 266033, China.
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Qingdao Municipality Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266033, China.,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
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Xu X, Kabir A, Barr ML, Schutte AE. Different Types of Long-Term Milk Consumption and Mortality in Adults with Cardiovascular Disease: A Population-Based Study in 7236 Australian Adults over 8.4 Years. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030704. [PMID: 35277068 PMCID: PMC8839098 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies disregard long-term dairy consumption behaviour and how it relates to mortality. We examined four different types of long-term milk consumption, namely whole milk, reduced fat milk, skim milk and soy milk, in relation to mortality among adults diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD). A retrospective population-based study was conducted in Australia (the 45 and Up Study) linking baseline (2006–2009) and follow-up data (2012–2015) to hospitalisation and mortality data up to 30 September 2018. A total of 1,101 deaths occurred among 7236 participants with CVD over a mean follow-up of 8.4 years. Males (Hazard Ratio, HR = 0.69, 95% CI (0.54; 0.89)) and females (HR = 0.59 (0.38; 0.91)) with long-term reduced fat milk consumption had the lowest risk of mortality compared to counterparts with long-term whole milk consumption. Among participants with ischemic heart disease, males with a long-term reduced fat milk consumption had the lowest risk of mortality (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43; 0.92). We conclude that among males and females with CVD, those who often consume reduced fat milk over the long-term present with a 31–41% lower risk of mortality than those who often consume whole milk, supporting dairy advice from the Heart Foundation of replacing whole milk with reduced fat milk to achieve better health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Xu
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney 2042, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Alamgir Kabir
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (A.K.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Margo L. Barr
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (A.K.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Aletta E. Schutte
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney 2042, Australia
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team, Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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5
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Lu Y, Sugawara Y, Matsuyama S, Fukao A, Tsuji I. Association of dairy intake with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese adults: a 25-year population-based cohort. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1285-1297. [PMID: 34750640 PMCID: PMC8921048 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between dairy intake and mortality remains uncertain, and evidence for the Japanese population is scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between dairy intake and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Japanese adults. METHODS A total of 34,161 participants (16,565 men and 17,596 women) aged 40-64 years without a history of cancer, myocardial infarction, or stroke at baseline were included in the analysis, using data from the Miyagi Cohort Study initiated in 1990. Milk, yogurt, and cheese intake were obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Total dairy intake was calculated as the sum of milk, yogurt, and cheese intake and then categorized by quartile. The outcomes were all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality risks. RESULTS During 750,016 person-years of follow-up, the total number of deaths was 6498, including 2552 deaths due to cancer and 1693 deaths due to CVD. There was no association between total dairy intake and all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality for both men and women. We also examined the associations between subgroup dairy products and mortality. For milk and yogurt intake, our results suggest null associations. However, cheese intake was modestly associated with lower all-cause mortality in women; compared with non-consumers, the multivariable HRs (95%CIs) were 0.89 (0.81-0.98) for 1-2 times/month, 0.88 (0.78-1.00) for 1-2 times/week, and 0.89 (0.74-1.07) for 3 times/week or almost daily (p trend = 0.016). CONCLUSION Dairy intake was not associated with mortality in Japanese adults, except for limited evidence showing a modest association between cheese intake and a lower all-cause mortality risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Lu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Sanae Matsuyama
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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6
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Chen Z, Ahmed M, Ha V, Jefferson K, Malik V, Ribeiro PAB, Zuchinali P, Drouin-Chartier JP. Dairy Product Consumption and Cardiovascular Health: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:S2161-8313(22)00071-0. [PMID: 34550320 PMCID: PMC8970833 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between dairy product consumption and cardiovascular health remains highly debated. We quantitatively synthesized prospective cohort evidence on the associations between dairy consumption and risk of hypertension (HTN), coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science through August 1st, 2020 to retrieve prospective cohort studies that reported on dairy consumption and risk of HTN, CHD or stroke. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest vs the lowest category of intake and for 1 serving/day increase in consumption. We rated the quality of evidence using NutriGrade. Fifty-five studies were included. Total dairy consumption was associated with a lower risk of HTN (RR for highest vs lowest level of intake: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95, I2 = 73.5%; RR for 1 serving/day increase: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.97, I2 = 66.5%), CHD (highest vs lowest level of intake: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1.00, I2 = 46.6%; 1 serving/day increase: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95-1.00, I2 = 56.7%), and stroke (highest vs lowest level of intake: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85-0.96, I2 = 60.8%; 1 serving/day increase: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, I2 = 74.7%). Despite moderate to considerable heterogeneity, these associations remained consistent across multiple subgroups. Evidence on the relationship between total dairy and risk of HTN and CHD were of moderate quality and of low quality for stroke. Low-fat dairy consumption was associated with lower risk of HTN and stroke, and high-fat dairy with a lower risk of stroke. Milk, cheese, or yogurt consumption showed inconsistent associations with the cardiovascular outcomes in high vs. low intake and dose-response meta-analyses. Total dairy consumption was associated with a modestly lower risk of hypertension, CHD and stroke. Moderate to considerable heterogeneity was observed in the estimates and the overall quality of the evidence was low to moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangling Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mavra Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Ha
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vasanti Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paula A B Ribeiro
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Priccila Zuchinali
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
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Jakobsen MU, Trolle E, Outzen M, Mejborn H, Grønberg MG, Lyndgaard CB, Stockmarr A, Venø SK, Bysted A. Intake of dairy products and associations with major atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1303. [PMID: 33446728 PMCID: PMC7809206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific types of dairy products may be differentially associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies to summarize findings on the associations between total dairy product intake and intake of dairy product subgroups and the risk of major atherosclerotic CVDs in the general adult population. Our protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019125455). PubMed and Embase were systematically searched through 15 August 2019. For high versus low intake and dose-response meta-analysis, random-effects modelling was used to calculate summary risk ratios (RR). There were 13 cohort studies included for coronary heart disease (CHD), 7 for ischemic stroke and none for peripheral artery disease. High-fat milk was positively associated with CHD (RR 1.08 (95% confidence interval 1.00-1.16) per 200 g higher intake/day) and cheese was inversely associated with CHD (RR 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.93-0.98) per 20 g higher intake/day). Heterogeneity, however, was observed in high versus low meta-analyses. Milk was inversely associated with ischemic stroke in high versus low meta-analysis only. In conclusion, this systematic review indicates a positive association of high-fat milk and an inverse association of cheese with CHD risk. The findings should be interpreted in the context of the observed heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Uhre Jakobsen
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ellen Trolle
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Malene Outzen
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heddie Mejborn
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Manja G. Grønberg
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Bøge Lyndgaard
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Stockmarr
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stine K. Venø
- grid.27530.330000 0004 0646 7349Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anette Bysted
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Division for Food Technology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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8
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Do adults and older people follow current guidelines for milk consumption? Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:4622-4629. [PMID: 33427161 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of frequent milk consumption (≥five times/week), the consumption of low-fat/skimmed milk and associated factors in adults and older people, evaluating adherence to current Brazilian guideline. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study involving the analysis of data from the 2015 Campinas Food Intake and Nutritional Status and 2015 Campinas Health Survey. The prevalence of milk consumption was analysed according to socio-economic characteristics, morbidities and health-related behaviours. SETTING City of Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 1710 participants of the 2015 Campinas Nutritional and Health Surveys. RESULTS A total of 73·8 % of the population consumed milk, but the prevalence of frequent consumption was only 44·0 %. Frequent milk consumption was higher among women, older people and individuals with better diet quality. A total of 18·4 % of the individuals who consumed milk reported consuming low-fat/skimmed milk; this prevalence was higher among women, individuals with a higher socio-economic status, those with better diet quality and those with chronic diseases. CONCLUSION Despite the high nutritional quality of milk and the different types available on the market, adults and older people do not follow current recommendations regarding its consumption. Information on the nutritional quality of milk and current recommendations should be disseminated more at healthcare services.
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9
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Naghshi S, Sadeghi O, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. High vs. low-fat dairy and milk differently affects the risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer death: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3598-3612. [PMID: 33397132 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1867500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Considerable controversy exists regarding the association between milk and dairy consumption and mortality risk. The present systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies was undertaken to examine the association of high vs. low-fat dairy and milk consumption with mortality. We searched PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases through February 2020 for prospective cohort studies that reported the association between milk and dairy consumption and mortality risk. High-fat milk consumption was significantly associated with a greater risk of all-cause (Pooled ES: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09-1.20, I2=24.5%, p = 0.22), CVD (Pooled ES: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02-1.16, I2=4.5%, p = 0.38) and cancer mortality (Pooled ES: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.08-1.28, I2=30.1%, p = 0.19). However, total dairy consumption was associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality (Pooled ES: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88-0.98, I2=59.7%, p = 0.001). Dose-response analysis revealed a significant non-linear association of total dairy consumption with all-cause and CVD mortality. Moreover, high-fat milk consumption was significantly associated with risk of cancer mortality in linear and non-linear dose-response analysis. In conclusion, we found high-fat milk consumption was associated with a higher risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. However, total dairy consumption was associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Naghshi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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10
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Ghosh S, He W, Gao J, Luo D, Wang J, Chen J, Huang H. Whole milk consumption is associated with lower risk of coronary artery calcification progression: evidences from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1049-1058. [PMID: 32583016 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. However, the association between whole milk and CAC progression remains unknown. Recent studies highlighted beneficial effects of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) from whole milk on CVD. In this study, we attempted to investigate the relationship between whole milk consumption and CAC progression, and the potential effect of SCFA in it. METHODS We analyzed a population-based cohort with 5273 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) who completed a dietary questionnaire at baseline. CAC was measured at baseline and subsequent follow-up examinations by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scans with Agatston scores. CAC progression was defined as increased CAC scores in the follow-up from the baseline exam. RESULTS Participants consuming whole milk exhibited lower baseline CAC and CAC progression than those who never/rarely consumed whole milk (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). Moreover, multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that whole milk intake was independently associated with lower CAC progression (OR 0.765; 95% CI 0.600-0.977; P = 0.032), especially in males, participants with age ≤ 64 years and with body mass index (BMI) ≤ 25 kg/m2. Mediation analysis further showed that caproic acid, one kind of SCFA, partly mediated protective effects of whole milk on CAC progression. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported whole milk consumption was inversely associated with CAC progression in community-dwelling participants, especially in those at relatively low cardiovascular risks. The beneficial effect was partially mediated by SCFA. Therefore, whole milk can be incorporated into part of a cardio-protective diet. Regarding this, future studies may target SCFA to provide insight into more mechanistic views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sounak Ghosh
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanbing He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingwei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongling Luo
- Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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11
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Milk Fat Intake and Telomere Length in U.S. Women and Men: The Role of the Milk Fat Fraction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1574021. [PMID: 31772698 PMCID: PMC6855010 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1574021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The associations between milk intake frequency and milk fat consumption and telomere length, an index of biological aging, were studied using an NHANES sample of 5,834 U.S. adults and a cross-sectional design. The milk consumption variables were assessed with the NHANES Diet Behavior and Nutrition questionnaire. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was used to measure leukocyte telomere length. Results showed that milk consumption frequency was not related to telomere length; however, there was a strong association between milk fat intake and telomere length. With the sample delimited to milk drinkers only, milk fat intake was linearly and inversely related to telomere length, after adjusting for the covariates (F = 8.6, P = 0.0066). For each 1 percentage point increase in milk fat consumed (e.g., 1% to 2%), adults had more than 4 years of additional biological aging. With milk fat intake divided into 5 categories (i.e., milk abstainers, nonfat, 1%, 2%, and full-fat milk), mean telomere lengths differed across the categories (F = 4.1, P = 0.0093). The mean telomere difference between the extremes of milk fat intake (nonfat vs. full-fat) was 145 base pairs, representing years of additional biological aging for full-fat milk consumers. Effect modification testing indicated that the milk fat and cellular aging association may be partly due to saturated fat intake differences across the milk fat groups. When the sample was delimited to adults reporting only high total saturated fat intake (tertile 3), the milk fat and telomere relationship was strong. However, when the sample was restricted to adults reporting only low saturated fat consumption (tertile 1), there was no relationship between milk fat intake and telomere length. Overall, the findings highlight an association of increased biological aging in U.S. adults who consumed high-fat milk. The results support the latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2015–2020), which recommend consumption of low-fat milk, but not high-fat milk, as part of a healthy diet.
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Dairy Product Intake and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Northern Sweden: A 33-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020284. [PMID: 30696081 PMCID: PMC6412239 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy products are important constituents of most diets, and their association with adverse health outcomes remains a focus. We characterized dairy food intake and examined associations with the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke among 108,065 Swedish men and women. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using the multivariable Cox proportional hazards models in a population characterized by high milk tolerance. During a mean follow-up of 14.2 years, 11,641 first-time events occurred. Non-fermented milk intake decreased, whereas butter intake increased over the period. For high intake of non-fermented milk, the HR (95% CI) for developing T2D and MI was 1.17 (1.03, 1.34) and 1.23 (1.10, 1.37), respectively, in men. A greater intake of butter, fermented milk, and cheese tended to be associated with a reduced risk of T2D and/or MI. Non-consumers and those who chose low-fat variants of the targeted dairy products had increased risk for T2D, MI, or stroke compared to those in the non-case group. Generally, effect-sizes were small. This prospective study found that non-fermented milk was associated with an increased risk for developing T2D and MI and that subjects abstaining from dairy products or choosing low-fat variants were at greater risk. However, the overall cardiometabolic risk of non-fermented milk intake was judged as low, since the effect sizes were small.
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Soedamah-Muthu SS, de Goede J. Dairy Consumption and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies. Curr Nutr Rep 2018; 7:171-182. [PMID: 30406514 PMCID: PMC6244750 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-018-0253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dairy products contain both beneficial and harmful nutrients in relation to cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we provide the latest scientific evidence regarding the relationship between dairy products and cardiometabolic diseases by reviewing the literature and updating meta-analyses of observational studies. RECENT FINDINGS We updated our previous meta-analyses of cohort studies on type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke with nine studies and confirmed previous results. Total dairy and low-fat dairy (per 200 g/d) were inversely associated with a 3-4% lower risk of diabetes. Yogurt was non-linearly inversely associated with diabetes (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83-0.90 at 80 g/d). Total dairy and milk were not associated with CHD (RR~1.0). An increment of 200 g of daily milk intake was associated with an 8% lower risk of stroke. The latest scientific evidence confirmed neutral or beneficial associations between dairy products and risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - Janette de Goede
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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