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Burton TC, Lv N, Tsai P, Peñalver Bernabé B, Tussing-Humphreys L, Xiao L, Pandey GN, Wu Y, Ajilore OA, Ma J. Associations between fecal short-chain fatty acids, plasma inflammatory cytokines, and dietary markers with depression and anxiety: Post hoc analysis of the ENGAGE-2 pilot trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:717-730. [PMID: 36796440 PMCID: PMC10273083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome-gut-brain-axis (MGBA) is emerging as an important mechanistic link between diet and mental health. The role of significant modifiers of the MGBA, including gut microbial metabolites and systemic inflammation, in individuals comorbid with obesity and mental disorders, is under-investigated. OBJECTIVES This exploratory analysis examined associations among microbial metabolites-fecal SCFAs, plasma inflammatory cytokines, and diet with depression and anxiety scores in adults comorbid with obesity and depression. METHODS Stool and blood were obtained from a subsample (n = 34) of participants enrolled in an integrated behavioral intervention for weight loss and depression. Pearson partial correlation and multivariate analyses determined associations among changes in fecal SCFAs (propionic, butyric, acetic, and isovaleric acids), plasma cytokines [C-reactive protein, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), interleukin 6, and TNF-α], and 35 dietary markers over 2 mo, and changes in SCL-20 (Depression Symptom Checklist 20-item) and GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item) scores over 6 mo. RESULTS Changes in the SCFAs and TNF-α at 2 mo were positively associated (standardized coefficients: 0.06-0.40; 0.03-0.34) with changes in depression and anxiety scores at 6 mo, whereas changes in IL-1RA at 2 mo were inversely associated (standardized coefficients: -0.24; -0.05). After 2 mo, changes in 12 dietary markers, including animal protein, were associated with changes in SCFAs, TNF-α, or IL-1RA at 2 mo (standardized coefficients: -0.27 to 0.20). Changes in 11 dietary markers, including animal protein, at 2 mo were associated with changes in depression or anxiety symptom scores at 6 mo (standardized coefficients: -0.24 to 0.20; -0.16 to 0.15). CONCLUSIONS Gut microbial metabolites and systemic inflammation may be biomarkers of importance within the MGBA, linking dietary markers, such as animal protein intake, to depression and anxiety for individuals with comorbid obesity. These findings are exploratory and warrant replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristesse Cj Burton
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nan Lv
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Perry Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Beatriz Peñalver Bernabé
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ghanshyam N Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yichao Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Olusola A Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Meijer JL, Roderka MN, Chinburg EL, Renier TJ, McClure AC, Rothstein RI, Barry EL, Billmeier S, Gilbert-Diamond D. Alterations in Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids after Bariatric Surgery: Relationship with Dietary Intake and Weight Loss. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204243. [PMID: 36296927 PMCID: PMC9607039 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is associated with weight loss attributed to reduced caloric intake, mechanical changes, and alterations in gut hormones. However, some studies have suggested a heightened incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been associated with bariatric surgery, emphasizing the importance of identifying mechanisms of risk. The objective of this study was to determine if bariatric surgery is associated with decreases in fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), a group of bacterial metabolites of fiber. Fecal samples (n = 22) were collected pre- (~6 weeks) and post-bariatric surgery (~4 months) in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. SCFA levels were quantified using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Dietary intake was quantified using 24-h dietary recalls. Using an aggregate variable, straight SCFAs significantly decreased by 27% from pre- to post-surgery, specifically acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate. Pre-surgery weight was inversely associated with butyrate, with no association remaining post-surgery. Multiple food groups were positively (sugars, milk, and red and orange vegetables) and inversely (animal protein) associated with SCFA levels. Our results suggest a potential mechanism linking dietary intake and SCFA levels with CRC risk post-bariatric surgery with implications for interventions to increase SCFA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Meijer
- Weight and Wellness Center, Dartmouth-Health, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-603-650-5250
| | | | - Elsa L. Chinburg
- Weight and Wellness Center, Dartmouth-Health, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Timothy J. Renier
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Auden C. McClure
- Weight and Wellness Center, Dartmouth-Health, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Richard I. Rothstein
- Weight and Wellness Center, Dartmouth-Health, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Barry
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Sarah Billmeier
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Bahrami A, Khalesi S, Ghafouri-Taleghani F, Alibeyk S, Hajigholam-Saryazdi M, Haghighi S, Hejazi E. Dietary acid load and the risk of cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Cancer Prev 2022; 31:577-584. [PMID: 35307716 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent evidence suggests the link between adherence to an acidogenic diet and the risk of some types of cancers, such as colorectal and breast cancers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association between dietary acid load and cancer risk. DATA SEARCH AND SYNTHESIS Online databases (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Scholar Google and ISI web of sciences) were searched between January 1990 and May 2021. The risk ratio (RR) was extracted from eligible studies and random-effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled RR of studies. Nine studies (three cohorts, six case-control) were included. Higher dietary acid load scores [including potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP)] were associated with the increased risk of cancer [RRPRAL, 1.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.27-2.46; n = 8; RRNEAP, 1.58, 95% CI: 1.20-2.09, n = 7). Dose-response analysis suggested that a 20-score increase in dietary PRAL and NEAP was associated with 27 and 8% higher risk of cancer, respectively (RRPRAL, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02-1.60; nonlinearity P = 0.12; RRNEAP, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02-1.13, nonlinearity P = 0.06). A significant positive relationship between dietary PRAL and risk of cancer was only observed in the subgroup of women. Associations were significant in both men and women for dietary NEAP. Subgroup analyses based on cancer type were only possible for breast cancer. There was no significant association between dietary acid load (PRAL and NEAP) and breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION Our analysis showed that high adherence to an acidogenic diet is associated with an increased risk of cancer. The protocol for this meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019146460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bahrami
- Student Research Committee, Department and Faculty of nutrition sciences and food technology Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute & School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Australia National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Raben A, Vestentoft PS, Brand‐Miller J, Jalo E, Drummen M, Simpson L, Martinez JA, Handjieva‐Darlenska T, Stratton G, Huttunen‐Lenz M, Lam T, Sundvall J, Muirhead R, Poppitt S, Ritz C, Pietiläinen KH, Westerterp‐Plantenga M, Taylor MA, Navas‐Carretero S, Handjiev S, McNarry MA, Hansen S, Råman L, Brodie S, Silvestre MP, Adam TC, Macdonald IA, San‐Cristobal R, Boyadjieva N, Mackintosh KA, Schlicht W, Liu A, Larsen TM, Fogelholm M. The PREVIEW intervention study: Results from a 3-year randomized 2 x 2 factorial multinational trial investigating the role of protein, glycaemic index and physical activity for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:324-337. [PMID: 33026154 PMCID: PMC8120810 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the impact of two long-term weight-maintenance diets, a high protein (HP) and low glycaemic index (GI) diet versus a moderate protein (MP) and moderate GI diet, combined with either high intensity (HI) or moderate intensity physical activity (PA), on the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) after rapid weight loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 3-year multicentre randomized trial in eight countries using a 2 x 2 diet-by-PA factorial design was conducted. Eight-week weight reduction was followed by a 3-year randomized weight-maintenance phase. In total, 2326 adults (age 25-70 years, body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 ) with prediabetes were enrolled. The primary endpoint was 3-year incidence of T2D analysed by diet treatment. Secondary outcomes included glucose, insulin, HbA1c and body weight. RESULTS The total number of T2D cases was 62 and the cumulative incidence rate was 3.1%, with no significant differences between the two diets, PA or their combination. T2D incidence was similar across intervention centres, irrespective of attrition. Significantly fewer participants achieved normoglycaemia in the HP compared with the MP group (P < .0001). At 3 years, normoglycaemia was lowest in HP-HI (11.9%) compared with the other three groups (20.0%-21.0%, P < .05). There were no group differences in body weight change (-11% after 8-week weight reduction; -5% after 3-year weight maintenance) or in other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Three-year incidence of T2D was much lower than predicted and did not differ between diets, PA or their combination. Maintaining the target intakes of protein and GI over 3 years was difficult, but the overall protocol combining weight loss, healthy eating and PA was successful in markedly reducing the risk of T2D. This is an important clinically relevant outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Pia Siig Vestentoft
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Jennie Brand‐Miller
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Elli Jalo
- Department of Food and NutritionUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Mathjis Drummen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Liz Simpson
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical CentreMRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, ARUK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottinghamUK
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- Centre for Nutrition ResearchUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion (CIBEROBN)MadridSpain
- IdisNA Instituto for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program. IMDEA‐Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), CEI UAM + CSICMadridSpain
| | | | - Gareth Stratton
- College of EngineeringApplied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A‐STEM) Research CentreSwanseaUK
| | - Maija Huttunen‐Lenz
- Exercise and Health SciencesUniversity of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
- Institute of Nursing ScienceUniversity of Education Schwäbisch GmündSchwäbisch GmündGermany
| | - Tony Lam
- NetUnion sarlLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jouko Sundvall
- Department of Government Services, Forensic Toxicology Unit, Biochemistry LaboratoryNational Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Roslyn Muirhead
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sally Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Department of MedicineUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and Obesity Centre, Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Margriet Westerterp‐Plantenga
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Moira A. Taylor
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical CentreNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottinghamUK
| | - Santiago Navas‐Carretero
- Centre for Nutrition ResearchUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion (CIBEROBN)MadridSpain
- IdisNA Instituto for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain
| | - Svetoslav Handjiev
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMedical University of SofiaSofiaBulgaria
| | - Melitta A. McNarry
- College of EngineeringApplied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A‐STEM) Research CentreSwanseaUK
| | - Sylvia Hansen
- Exercise and Health SciencesUniversity of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
| | - Laura Råman
- Department of Government Services, Forensic Toxicology Unit, Biochemistry LaboratoryNational Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Shannon Brodie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Marta P. Silvestre
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Department of MedicineUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- CINTESIS ‐ Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde NOVA Medical SchoolNOVA University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Tanja C. Adam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Ian A. Macdonald
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical CentreMRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, ARUK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottinghamUK
| | - Rodrigo San‐Cristobal
- Centre for Nutrition ResearchUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program. IMDEA‐Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), CEI UAM + CSICMadridSpain
| | - Nadka Boyadjieva
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMedical University of SofiaSofiaBulgaria
| | - Kelly A. Mackintosh
- College of EngineeringApplied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A‐STEM) Research CentreSwanseaUK
| | | | - Amy Liu
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Department of MedicineUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Thomas M. Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and NutritionUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Hertzler SR, Lieblein-Boff JC, Weiler M, Allgeier C. Plant Proteins: Assessing Their Nutritional Quality and Effects on Health and Physical Function. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3704. [PMID: 33266120 PMCID: PMC7760812 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumer demand for plant protein-based products is high and expected to grow considerably in the next decade. Factors contributing to the rise in popularity of plant proteins include: (1) potential health benefits associated with increased intake of plant-based diets; (2) consumer concerns regarding adverse health effects of consuming diets high in animal protein (e.g., increased saturated fat); (3) increased consumer recognition of the need to improve the environmental sustainability of food production; (4) ethical issues regarding the treatment of animals; and (5) general consumer view of protein as a "positive" nutrient (more is better). While there are health and physical function benefits of diets higher in plant-based protein, the nutritional quality of plant proteins may be inferior in some respects relative to animal proteins. This review highlights the nutritional quality of plant proteins and strategies for wisely using them to meet amino acid requirements. In addition, a summary of studies evaluating the potential benefits of plant proteins for both health and physical function is provided. Finally, potential safety issues associated with increased intake of plant proteins are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Hertzler
- Scientific and Medical Affairs, Abbott Nutrition, 2900 Easton Square Place, Columbus, OH 43219, USA; (J.C.L.-B.); (M.W.); (C.A.)
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