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Zuela-Sopilniak N, Morival J, Lammerding J. Multi-level transcriptomic analysis of LMNA -related dilated cardiomyopathy identifies disease-driving processes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598511. [PMID: 38915720 PMCID: PMC11195185 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
LMNA- related dilated cardiomyopathy ( LMNA -DCM) is one of the most severe forms of DCM. The incomplete understanding of the molecular disease mechanisms results in lacking treatment options, leading to high mortality amongst patients. Here, using an inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific lamin A/C depletion mouse model, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic study, combining both bulk and single nucleus RNA sequencing, and spanning LMNA -DCM disease progression, to identify potential disease drivers. Our refined analysis pipeline identified 496 genes already misregulated early in disease. The expression of these genes was largely driven by disease specific cardiomyocyte sub-populations and involved biological processes mediating cellular response to DNA damage, cytosolic pattern recognition, and innate immunity. Indeed, DNA damage in LMNA -DCM hearts was significantly increased early in disease and correlated with reduced cardiomyocyte lamin A levels. Activation of cytosolic pattern recognition in cardiomyocytes was independent of cGAS, which is rarely expressed in cardiomyocytes, but likely occurred downstream of other pattern recognition sensors such as IFI16. Altered gene expression in cardiac fibroblasts and immune cell infiltration further contributed to tissue-wide changes in gene expression. Our transcriptomic analysis further predicted significant alterations in cell-cell communication between cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells, mediated through early changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the LMNA -DCM hearts. Taken together, our work suggests a model in which nuclear damage in cardiomyocytes leads to activation of DNA damage responses, cytosolic pattern recognition pathway, and other signaling pathways that activate inflammation, immune cell recruitment, and transcriptional changes in cardiac fibroblasts, which collectively drive LMNA -DCM pathogenesis.
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Anderson CL, Brown KA, North RJ, Walters JK, Kaska ST, Wolff MR, Kamp TJ, Ge Y, Eckhardt LL. Global Proteomic Analysis Reveals Alterations in Differentially Expressed Proteins between Cardiopathic Lamin A/C Mutations. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1970-1982. [PMID: 38718259 PMCID: PMC11218822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Lamin A/C (LMNA) is an important component of nuclear lamina. Mutations cause arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. While LMNA-associated cardiomyopathy typically has an aggressive course that responds poorly to conventional heart failure therapies, there is variability in severity and age of penetrance between and even within specific mutations, which is poorly understood at the cellular level. Further, this heterogeneity has not previously been captured to mimic the heterozygous state, nor have the hundreds of clinical LMNA mutations been represented. Herein, we have overexpressed cardiopathic LMNA variants in HEK cells and utilized state-of-the-art quantitative proteomics to compare the global proteomic profiles of (1) aggregating Q353 K alone, (2) Q353 K coexpressed with WT, (3) aggregating N195 K coexpressed with WT, and (4) nonaggregating E317 K coexpressed with WT to help capture some of the heterogeneity between mutations. We analyzed each data set to obtain the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and applied gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses. We found a range of 162 to 324 DEPs from over 6000 total protein IDs with differences in GO terms, KEGG pathways, and DEPs important in cardiac function, further highlighting the complexity of cardiac laminopathies. Pathways disrupted by LMNA mutations were validated with redox, autophagy, and apoptosis functional assays in both HEK 293 cells and in induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) for LMNA N195 K. These proteomic profiles expand our repertoire for mutation-specific downstream cellular effects that may become useful as druggable targets for personalized medicine approach for cardiac laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey L. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Kyle A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Ryan J. North
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Janay K. Walters
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Sara T. Kaska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Mathew R. Wolff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Timothy J. Kamp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Lee L. Eckhardt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
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Kataoka N, Imamura T, Nakamura M, Kinugawa K. A Clinical Diagnosis of Laminopathy without Systolic Dysfunction: When Does Nuclei Malformation Start? Intern Med 2024; 63:403-406. [PMID: 37316273 PMCID: PMC10901699 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1928-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear shape abnormalities in laminopathy are well known to occur in patients with cardiac systolic dysfunction. However, those in patients without systolic dysfunction are still unclear. We herein report a 42-year-old man who presented with advanced atrioventricular block without systolic dysfunction. Genetic testing identified a laminopathic mutation, c.497G>C, and an endocardial biopsy was performed. The hyperperfine structure on electron microscopy showed malformation of the nuclei, euchromatic nucleoplasm, and partial existence of heterochromatin clumps. Intrusion of heterochromatin into the nuclear fibrous lamina was observed. Cardiomyocyte nuclear shape abnormalities were observed before the progression of systolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kataoka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Imamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
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Wallace M, Zahr H, Perati S, Morsink CD, Johnson LE, Gacita AM, Lai S, Wallrath LL, Benjamin IJ, McNally EM, Kirby TJ, Lammerding J. Nuclear damage in LMNA mutant iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes is associated with impaired lamin localization to the nuclear envelope. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:mbcE21100527. [PMID: 37585285 PMCID: PMC10846625 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-10-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The LMNA gene encodes the nuclear envelope proteins Lamins A and C, which comprise a major part of the nuclear lamina, provide mechanical support to the nucleus, and participate in diverse intracellular signaling. LMNA mutations give rise to a collection of diseases called laminopathies, including dilated cardiomyopathy (LMNA-DCM) and muscular dystrophies. Although nuclear deformities are a hallmark of LMNA-DCM, the role of nuclear abnormalities in the pathogenesis of LMNA-DCM remains incompletely understood. Using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from LMNA mutant patients and healthy controls, we show that LMNA mutant iPSC-CM nuclei have altered shape or increased size compared to healthy control iPSC-CM nuclei. The LMNA mutation exhibiting the most severe nuclear deformities, R249Q, additionally caused reduced nuclear stiffness and increased nuclear fragility. Importantly, for all cell lines, the degree of nuclear abnormalities corresponded to the degree of Lamin A/C and Lamin B1 mislocalization from the nuclear envelope. The mislocalization was likely due to altered assembly of Lamin A/C. Collectively, these results point to the importance of correct lamin assembly at the nuclear envelope in providing mechanical stability to the nucleus and suggest that defects in nuclear lamina organization may contribute to the nuclear and cellular dysfunction in LMNA-DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wallace
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Hind Zahr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Shriya Perati
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Chloé D. Morsink
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anthony M. Gacita
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Shuping Lai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Lori L. Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Ivor J. Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Tyler J. Kirby
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
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5
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Wang Y, Dobreva G. Epigenetics in LMNA-Related Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050783. [PMID: 36899919 PMCID: PMC10001118 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene for lamin A/C (LMNA) cause a diverse range of diseases known as laminopathies. LMNA-related cardiomyopathy is a common inherited heart disease and is highly penetrant with a poor prognosis. In the past years, numerous investigations using mouse models, stem cell technologies, and patient samples have characterized the phenotypic diversity caused by specific LMNA variants and contributed to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of heart disease. As a component of the nuclear envelope, LMNA regulates nuclear mechanostability and function, chromatin organization, and gene transcription. This review will focus on the different cardiomyopathies caused by LMNA mutations, address the role of LMNA in chromatin organization and gene regulation, and discuss how these processes go awry in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (G.D.)
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Manoharan A, Sambandam R, Ballambattu VB. Genetics of atrial fibrillation-an update of recent findings. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8121-8129. [PMID: 35587846 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia and a major risk factor for stroke, heart failure, and premature death. AF has a strong genetic predisposition. This review highlights the recent findings on the genetics of AF from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and high-throughput sequencing studies. The consensus from GWAS implies that AF is both polygenic and pleiotropic in nature. With the advent of whole-genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing, rare variants associated with AF pathogenesis have been identified. The recent studies have contributed towards better understanding of AF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Manoharan
- Multi-Disciplinary Center for Biomedical Research, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, 607402, India
| | - Ravikumar Sambandam
- Multi-Disciplinary Center for Biomedical Research, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, 607402, India.
| | - Vishnu Bhat Ballambattu
- Multi-Disciplinary Center for Biomedical Research, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, 607402, India
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7
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Keil L, Berisha F, Knappe D, Kubisch C, Shoukier M, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Hellenbroich Y, Woitschach R, Magnussen C. LMNA Mutation in a Family with a Strong History of Sudden Cardiac Death. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020169. [PMID: 35205214 PMCID: PMC8871815 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a family with heterozygous deletion of exons 3–6 of the LMNA gene. The main presentation of affected family members was characterized by ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, atrioventricular (AV) block and sudden cardiac death (SCD) but also by severe dilative cardiomyopathy (DCM). We report on two siblings, a 36-year-old female and her 40-year-old brother, who suffer from heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction, AV conduction delays and premature ventricular complexes. Their 65-year-old mother underwent heart transplantation at the age of 55 due to advanced heart failure. Originally, the LMNA mutation was detected in one of the uncles. This index patient and three of his brothers died of SCD as well as their father and aunt. The two siblings were treated with implanted defibrillators in our specialized tertiary heart failure center. This case report places this specific genetic variant in the context of LMNA-associated familial DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Keil
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (D.K.); (P.K.); (L.F.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Filip Berisha
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (D.K.); (P.K.); (L.F.); (C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorit Knappe
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (D.K.); (P.K.); (L.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (C.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Moneef Shoukier
- Prenatal Medicine Munich, Department of Molecular Genetics, 80639 Munich, Germany;
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (D.K.); (P.K.); (L.F.); (C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (D.K.); (P.K.); (L.F.); (C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yorck Hellenbroich
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany;
| | - Rixa Woitschach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (C.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Christina Magnussen
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (D.K.); (P.K.); (L.F.); (C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Pfitzner S, Bosse JB, Hofmann-Sieber H, Flomm F, Reimer R, Dobner T, Grünewald K, Franken LE. Human Adenovirus Type 5 Infection Leads to Nuclear Envelope Destabilization and Membrane Permeability Independently of Adenovirus Death Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13034. [PMID: 34884837 PMCID: PMC8657697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV5) infects epithelial cells of the upper and lower respiratory tract. The virus causes lysis of infected cells and thus enables spread of progeny virions to neighboring cells for the next round of infection. The mechanism of adenovirus virion egress across the nuclear barrier is not known. The human adenovirus death protein (ADP) facilitates the release of virions from infected cells and has been hypothesized to cause membrane damage. Here, we set out to answer whether ADP does indeed increase nuclear membrane damage. We analyzed the nuclear envelope morphology using a combination of fluorescence and state-of-the-art electron microscopy techniques, including serial block-face scanning electron microscopy and electron cryo-tomography of focused ion beam-milled cells. We report multiple destabilization phenotypes of the nuclear envelope in HAdV5 infection. These include reduction of lamin A/C at the nuclear envelope, large-scale membrane invaginations, alterations in double membrane separation distance and small-scale membrane protrusions. Additionally, we measured increased nuclear membrane permeability and detected nuclear envelope lesions under cryoconditions. Unexpectedly, and in contrast to previous hypotheses, ADP did not have an effect on lamin A/C reduction or nuclear permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Pfitzner
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.P.); (J.B.B.); (H.H.-S.); (F.F.); (R.R.); (T.D.)
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens B. Bosse
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.P.); (J.B.B.); (H.H.-S.); (F.F.); (R.R.); (T.D.)
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Helga Hofmann-Sieber
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.P.); (J.B.B.); (H.H.-S.); (F.F.); (R.R.); (T.D.)
| | - Felix Flomm
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.P.); (J.B.B.); (H.H.-S.); (F.F.); (R.R.); (T.D.)
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rudolph Reimer
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.P.); (J.B.B.); (H.H.-S.); (F.F.); (R.R.); (T.D.)
| | - Thomas Dobner
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.P.); (J.B.B.); (H.H.-S.); (F.F.); (R.R.); (T.D.)
| | - Kay Grünewald
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.P.); (J.B.B.); (H.H.-S.); (F.F.); (R.R.); (T.D.)
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda E. Franken
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.P.); (J.B.B.); (H.H.-S.); (F.F.); (R.R.); (T.D.)
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Clinical Features of LMNA-Related Cardiomyopathy in 18 Patients and Characterization of Two Novel Variants. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215075. [PMID: 34768595 PMCID: PMC8584896 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to a spectrum of heterogeneous myocardial disorders characterized by ventricular dilation and depressed myocardial performance in the absence of hypertension, valvular, congenital, or ischemic heart disease. Mutations in LMNA gene, encoding for lamin A/C, account for 10% of familial DCM. LMNA-related cardiomyopathies are characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations that vary from a predominantly structural heart disease, mainly mild-to-moderate left ventricular (LV) dilatation associated or not with conduction system abnormalities, to highly pro-arrhythmic profiles where sudden cardiac death (SCD) occurs as the first manifestation of disease in an apparently normal heart. In the present study, we select, among 77 DCM families referred to our center for genetic counselling and molecular screening, 15 patient heterozygotes for LMNA variants. Segregation analysis in the relatives evidences other eight heterozygous patients. A genotype-phenotype correlation has been performed for symptomatic subjects. Lastly, we perform in vitro functional characterization of two novel LMNA variants using dermal fibroblasts obtained from three heterozygous patients, evidencing significant differences in terms of lamin expression and nuclear morphology. Due to the high risk of SCD that characterizes patients with lamin A/C cardiomyopathy, genetic testing for LMNA gene variants is highly recommended when there is suspicion of laminopathy.
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Preclinical Advances of Therapies for Laminopathies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214834. [PMID: 34768351 PMCID: PMC8584472 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminopathies are a group of rare disorders due to mutation in LMNA gene. Depending on the mutation, they may affect striated muscles, adipose tissues, nerves or are multisystemic with various accelerated ageing syndromes. Although the diverse pathomechanisms responsible for laminopathies are not fully understood, several therapeutic approaches have been evaluated in patient cells or animal models, ranging from gene therapies to cell and drug therapies. This review is focused on these therapies with a strong focus on striated muscle laminopathies and premature ageing syndromes.
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11
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Nicolas HA, Hua K, Quigley H, Ivare J, Tesson F, Akimenko MA. A CRISPR/Cas9 zebrafish lamin A/C mutant model of muscular laminopathy. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:645-661. [PMID: 34599606 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutations frequently cause cardiac and/or skeletal muscle diseases called striated muscle laminopathies. We created a zebrafish muscular laminopathy model using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to target the zebrafish lmna gene. RESULTS Heterozygous and homozygous lmna mutants present skeletal muscle damage at 1 day post-fertilization (dpf), and mobility impairment at 4 to 7 dpf. Cardiac structure and function analyses between 1 and 7 dpf show mild and transient defects in the lmna mutants compared to wild type (WT). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of genes implicated in striated muscle laminopathies show a decrease in jun and nfκb2 expression in 7 dpf homozygous lmna mutants compared to WT. Homozygous lmna mutants have a 1.26-fold protein increase in activated Erk 1/2, kinases associated with striated muscle laminopathies, compared to WT at 7 dpf. Activated Protein Kinase C alpha (Pkc α), a kinase that interacts with lamin A/C and Erk 1/2, is also upregulated in 7 dpf homozygous lmna mutants compared to WT. CONCLUSIONS This study presents an animal model of skeletal muscle laminopathy where heterozygous and homozygous lmna mutants exhibit prominent skeletal muscle abnormalities during the first week of development. Furthermore, this is the first animal model that potentially implicates Pkc α in muscular laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A Nicolas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khang Hua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hailey Quigley
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Ivare
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frédérique Tesson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Andrée Akimenko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Mehrabi M, Morris TA, Cang Z, Nguyen CHH, Sha Y, Asad MN, Khachikyan N, Greene TL, Becker DM, Nie Q, Zaragoza MV, Grosberg A. A Study of Gene Expression, Structure, and Contractility of iPSC-Derived Cardiac Myocytes from a Family with Heart Disease due to LMNA Mutation. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:3524-3539. [PMID: 34585335 PMCID: PMC8671287 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mutations to the Lamin A/C gene (LMNA) can cause heart disease, but the mechanisms making cardiac tissues uniquely vulnerable to the mutations remain largely unknown. Further, patients with LMNA mutations have highly variable presentation of heart disease progression and type. In vitro patient-specific experiments could provide a powerful platform for studying this phenomenon, but the use of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) introduces heterogeneity in maturity and function thus complicating the interpretation of the results of any single experiment. We hypothesized that integrating single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with analysis of the tissue architecture and contractile function would elucidate some of the probable mechanisms. To test this, we investigated five iPSC-CM lines, three controls and two patients with a (c.357-2A>G) mutation. The patient iPSC-CM tissues had significantly weaker stress generation potential than control iPSC-CM tissues demonstrating the viability of our in vitro approach. Through scRNA-seq, differentially expressed genes between control and patient lines were identified. Some of these genes, linked to quantitative structural and functional changes, were cardiac specific, explaining the targeted nature of the disease progression seen in patients. The results of this work demonstrate the utility of combining in vitro tools in exploring heart disease mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrsa Mehrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Tessa A Morris
- UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Zixuan Cang
- Department of Mathematics and Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Cecilia H H Nguyen
- Genetics & Genomics Division, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yutong Sha
- Department of Mathematics and Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Mira N Asad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Nyree Khachikyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Taylor L Greene
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Danielle M Becker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Mathematics and Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Michael V Zaragoza
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Genetics & Genomics Division, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 2418 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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13
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Sears RM, Roux KJ. Diverse cellular functions of barrier-to-autointegration factor and its roles in disease. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/16/jcs246546. [PMID: 32817163 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF; encoded by BANF1) is a small highly conserved, ubiquitous and self-associating protein that coordinates with numerous binding partners to accomplish several key cellular processes. By interacting with double-stranded DNA, histones and various other nuclear proteins, including those enriched at the nuclear envelope, BAF appears to be essential for replicating cells to protect the genome and enable cell division. Cellular processes, such as innate immunity, post-mitotic nuclear reformation, repair of interphase nuclear envelope rupture, genomic regulation, and the DNA damage and repair response have all been shown to depend on BAF. This Review focuses on the regulation of the numerous interactions of BAF, which underlie the mechanisms by which BAF accomplishes its essential cellular functions. We will also discuss how perturbation of BAF function may contribute to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon M Sears
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.,Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Kyle J Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA .,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57069, USA
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14
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Nuclear mechanosensing: mechanism and consequences of a nuclear rupture. Mutat Res 2020; 821:111717. [PMID: 32810711 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The physical connections between the cytoskeletal system and the nucleus provide a route for the nucleus to sense the mechanical stress both inside and outside of the cell. Failure to withstand such stress leads to nuclear rupture, which is observed in human diseases. In this review, we will go through the recent findings and our current understandings of nuclear rupture. Starting with the triggers of nuclear rupture, including the aberrant nuclear lamina composition and the elevated actomyosin contractility. We will also discuss the role of ESCRT-III in nuclear rupture repair and the biological consequences of nuclear rupture, including the negative impacts on cellular compartmentalization, DNA damage, and cellular differentiation. Recent studies on nuclear rupture provide further insights into the direct mechanistic link between nuclear rupture and several pathological conditions. Such knowledge can guide us in developing potential therapeutic solutions for the patients.
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15
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Cirino AL, Cuddy S, Lakdawala NK. Deletion of entire LMNA gene as a cause of cardiomyopathy. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2020; 6:395-397. [PMID: 32695585 PMCID: PMC7360979 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Cuddy
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Wong X, Stewart CL. The Laminopathies and the Insights They Provide into the Structural and Functional Organization of the Nucleus. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2020; 21:263-288. [PMID: 32428417 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-121219-083616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, our perspective on the cell nucleus has evolved from the view that it is a passive but permeable storage organelle housing the cell's genetic material to an understanding that it is in fact a highly organized, integrative, and dynamic regulatory hub. In particular, the subcompartment at the nuclear periphery, comprising the nuclear envelope and the underlying lamina, is now known to be a critical nexus in the regulation of chromatin organization, transcriptional output, biochemical and mechanosignaling pathways, and, more recently, cytoskeletal organization. We review the various functional roles of the nuclear periphery and their deregulation in diseases of the nuclear envelope, specifically the laminopathies, which, despite their rarity, provide insights into contemporary health-care issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Wong
- Regenerative and Developmental Biology Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore 138648; ,
| | - Colin L Stewart
- Regenerative and Developmental Biology Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore 138648; ,
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17
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Chmielewski P, Michalak E, Kowalik I, Franaszczyk M, Sobieszczanska-Malek M, Truszkowska G, Stepien-Wojno M, Biernacka EK, Foss-Nieradko B, Lewandowski M, Oreziak A, Bilinska M, Kusmierczyk M, Tesson F, Grzybowski J, Zielinski T, Ploski R, Bilinska ZT. Can Circulating Cardiac Biomarkers Be Helpful in the Assessment of LMNA Mutation Carriers? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051443. [PMID: 32408651 PMCID: PMC7290314 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C gene are variably phenotypically expressed; however, it is unclear whether circulating cardiac biomarkers are helpful in the detection and risk assessment of cardiolaminopathies. We sought to assess (1) clinical characteristics including serum biomarkers: high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in clinically stable cardiolaminopathy patients, and (2) outcome among pathogenic/likely pathogenic lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutation carriers. Our single-centre cohort included 53 patients from 21 families. Clinical, laboratory, follow-up data were analysed. Median follow-up was 1522 days. The earliest abnormality, emerging in the second and third decades of life, was elevated hsTnT (in 12% and in 27% of patients, respectively), followed by the presence of atrioventricular block, heart failure, and malignant ventricular arrhythmia (MVA). In patients with missense vs. other mutations, we found no difference in MVA occurrence and, surprisingly, worse transplant-free survival. Increased levels of both hsTnT and NT-proBNP were strongly associated with MVA occurrence (HR > 13, p ≤ 0.02 in both) in univariable analysis. In multivariable analysis, NT-proBNP level > 150 pg/mL was the only independent indicator of MVA. We conclude that assessment of circulating cardiac biomarkers may help in the detection and risk assessment of cardiolaminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Chmielewski
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (E.M.); (M.S.-W.); (B.F.-N.)
| | - Ewa Michalak
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (E.M.); (M.S.-W.); (B.F.-N.)
| | - Ilona Kowalik
- Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Rehabilitation, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Franaszczyk
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.)
| | | | - Grazyna Truszkowska
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.)
| | - Malgorzata Stepien-Wojno
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (E.M.); (M.S.-W.); (B.F.-N.)
| | | | - Bogna Foss-Nieradko
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (E.M.); (M.S.-W.); (B.F.-N.)
| | - Michal Lewandowski
- 2nd Department of Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Artur Oreziak
- 1st Department of Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (A.O.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Bilinska
- 1st Department of Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (A.O.); (M.B.)
| | - Mariusz Kusmierczyk
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Frédérique Tesson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Jacek Grzybowski
- Department of Cardiomyopathy, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Zielinski
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (T.Z.)
| | - Rafal Ploski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Zofia T. Bilinska
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland; (P.C.); (E.M.); (M.S.-W.); (B.F.-N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-223434711
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18
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Earle AJ, Kirby TJ, Fedorchak GR, Isermann P, Patel J, Iruvanti S, Moore SA, Bonne G, Wallrath LL, Lammerding J. Mutant lamins cause nuclear envelope rupture and DNA damage in skeletal muscle cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:464-473. [PMID: 31844279 PMCID: PMC7102937 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes the nuclear envelope (NE) proteins lamins A/C, cause Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophy and other diseases collectively known as laminopathies. The mechanisms responsible for these diseases remain incompletely understood. Using three mouse models of muscle laminopathies and muscle biopsies from individuals with LMNA-related muscular dystrophy, we found that Lmna mutations reduced nuclear stability and caused transient rupture of the NE in skeletal muscle cells, resulting in DNA damage, DNA damage response activation and reduced cell viability. NE and DNA damage resulted from nuclear migration during skeletal muscle maturation and correlated with disease severity in the mouse models. Reduction of cytoskeletal forces on the myonuclei prevented NE damage and rescued myofibre function and viability in Lmna mutant myofibres, indicating that myofibre dysfunction is the result of mechanically induced NE damage. Taken together, these findings implicate mechanically induced DNA damage as a pathogenic contributor to LMNA skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Earle
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tyler J Kirby
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gregory R Fedorchak
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Philipp Isermann
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jineet Patel
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sushruta Iruvanti
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Steven A Moore
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Center of Research in Myology, Association Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Lori L Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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19
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Bianchi A, Manti PG, Lucini F, Lanzuolo C. Mechanotransduction, nuclear architecture and epigenetics in Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy: tous pour un, un pour tous. Nucleus 2019; 9:276-290. [PMID: 29619865 PMCID: PMC5973142 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1460044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration of the several roles that Lamin A/C plays in the mammalian cell leads to a broad spectrum of pathologies that – all together – are named laminopathies. Among those, the Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD) is of particular interest as, despite the several known mutations of Lamin A/C, the genotype–phenotype correlation still remains poorly understood; this suggests that the epigenetic background of patients might play an important role during the time course of the disease. Historically, both a mechanical role of Lamin A/C and a regulative one have been suggested as the driving force of laminopathies; however, those two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. Recent scientific evidence shows that Lamin A/C sustains the correct gene expression at the epigenetic level thanks to the Lamina Associated Domains (LADs) reorganization and the crosstalk with the Polycomb Group of Proteins (PcG). Furthermore, the PcG-dependent histone mark H3K27me3 increases under mechanical stress, finally pointing out the link between the mechano-properties of the nuclear lamina and epigenetics. Here, we summarize the emerging mechanisms that could explain the high variability seen in Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianchi
- a CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Federica Lucini
- b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzuolo
- a CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy.,c Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy
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20
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Halfmann CT, Sears RM, Katiyar A, Busselman BW, Aman LK, Zhang Q, O'Bryan CS, Angelini TE, Lele TP, Roux KJ. Repair of nuclear ruptures requires barrier-to-autointegration factor. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2136-2149. [PMID: 31147383 PMCID: PMC6605789 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201901116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell nuclei rupture following exposure to mechanical force and/or upon weakening of nuclear integrity, but nuclear ruptures are repairable. Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF), a small DNA-binding protein, rapidly localizes to nuclear ruptures; however, its role at these rupture sites is unknown. Here, we show that it is predominantly a nonphosphorylated cytoplasmic population of BAF that binds nuclear DNA to rapidly and transiently localize to the sites of nuclear rupture, resulting in BAF accumulation in the nucleus. BAF subsequently recruits transmembrane LEM-domain proteins, causing their accumulation at rupture sites. Loss of BAF impairs recruitment of LEM-domain proteins and nuclear envelope membranes to nuclear rupture sites and prevents nuclear envelope barrier function restoration. Simultaneous depletion of multiple LEM-domain proteins similarly inhibits rupture repair. LEMD2 is required for recruitment of the ESCRT-III membrane repair machinery to ruptures; however, neither LEMD2 nor ESCRT-III is required to repair ruptures. These results reveal a new role for BAF in the response to and repair of nuclear ruptures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhiannon M Sears
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD
| | - Aditya Katiyar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Brook W Busselman
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD
| | - London K Aman
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Christopher S O'Bryan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Thomas E Angelini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Institute for Cell and Tissue Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Tanmay P Lele
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Institute for Cell and Tissue Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kyle J Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
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21
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Huang W, Guan L, Liu L, Mu Y. Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with apical endomyocardial fibrosis and calcification: Two case reports. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16183. [PMID: 31277123 PMCID: PMC6635236 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is a rare form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which affects predominantly the apex of the left ventricle. Generally, left ventricular enlargement is not present in AHCM; additionally, endomyocardial fibrosis, and calcification are also rare. PATIENT CONCERNS A 61-year-old female (Case 1) and a 60-year-old female (Case 2) both presented with the symptoms of atypical chest pain, dyspnoea, exercise intolerance, palpitations. DIAGNOSIS Magnetic resonance and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, 2D-transthoracic echocardiogram showed left atrium and ventricular enlargement, as well as endomyocardial fibrosis and calcification. Based on these findings, the patients were diagnosed with AHCM. INTERVENTIONS Both the patients were treated with ACEI, metoprolol, and aspirin. Additionally, both these patient underwent genetic test. OUTCOMES The results of the genetic test of the 2 cases for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) were negative. However, the gene mutation for dilated cardiomyopathy (TMPO) was detected in one of the cases. No change in condition during follow-up. LESSONS In past reports, Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has been shown to have a benign prognosis. But in this case report, the imaging studies of the 2 patients suggest a poor prognosis. Furthermore, diagnosing cardiomyopathy should require multimodality imaging examinations to rule out differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Huang
- Department of Echocardiography, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Lina Guan
- Department of Echocardiography, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Liwen Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuming Mu
- Department of Echocardiography, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang
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22
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Abstract
Cellular behavior is continuously affected by microenvironmental forces through the process of mechanotransduction, in which mechanical stimuli are rapidly converted to biochemical responses. Mounting evidence suggests that the nucleus itself is a mechanoresponsive element, reacting to cytoskeletal forces and mediating downstream biochemical responses. The nucleus responds through a host of mechanisms, including partial unfolding, conformational changes, and phosphorylation of nuclear envelope proteins; modulation of nuclear import/export; and altered chromatin organization, resulting in transcriptional changes. It is unclear which of these events present direct mechanotransduction processes and which are downstream of other mechanotransduction pathways. We critically review and discuss the current evidence for nuclear mechanotransduction, particularly in the context of stem cell fate, a largely unexplored topic, and in disease, where an improved understanding of nuclear mechanotransduction is beginning to open new treatment avenues. Finally, we discuss innovative technological developments that will allow outstanding questions in the rapidly growing field of nuclear mechanotransduction to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Maurer
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; ,
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; ,
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23
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Stewart RM, Rodriguez EC, King MC. Ablation of SUN2-containing LINC complexes drives cardiac hypertrophy without interstitial fibrosis. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1664-1675. [PMID: 31091167 PMCID: PMC6727752 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-07-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton, including the sarcomeric contractile apparatus, forms a cohesive network with cellular adhesions at the plasma membrane and nuclear--cytoskeletal linkages (LINC complexes) at the nuclear envelope. Human cardiomyopathies are genetically linked to the LINC complex and A-type lamins, but a full understanding of disease etiology in these patients is lacking. Here we show that SUN2-null mice display cardiac hypertrophy coincident with enhanced AKT/MAPK signaling, as has been described previously for mice lacking A-type lamins. Surprisingly, in contrast to lamin A/C-null mice, SUN2-null mice fail to show coincident fibrosis or upregulation of pathological hypertrophy markers. Thus, cardiac hypertrophy is uncoupled from profibrotic signaling in this mouse model, which we tie to a requirement for the LINC complex in productive TGFβ signaling. In the absence of SUN2, we detect elevated levels of the integral inner nuclear membrane protein MAN1, an established negative regulator of TGFβ signaling, at the nuclear envelope. We suggest that A-type lamins and SUN2 play antagonistic roles in the modulation of profibrotic signaling through opposite effects on MAN1 levels at the nuclear lamina, suggesting a new perspective on disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Stewart
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8002
| | - Elisa C Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8002
| | - Megan C King
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8002
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24
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Cellular and Animal Models of Striated Muscle Laminopathies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040291. [PMID: 30934932 PMCID: PMC6523539 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The lamin A/C (LMNA) gene codes for nuclear intermediate filaments constitutive of the nuclear lamina. LMNA has 12 exons and alternative splicing of exon 10 results in two major isoforms—lamins A and C. Mutations found throughout the LMNA gene cause a group of diseases collectively known as laminopathies, of which the type, diversity, penetrance and severity of phenotypes can vary from one individual to the other, even between individuals carrying the same mutation. The majority of the laminopathies affect cardiac and/or skeletal muscles. The underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to such tissue-specific phenotypes caused by mutations in a ubiquitously expressed gene are not yet well elucidated. This review will explore the different phenotypes observed in established models of striated muscle laminopathies and their respective contributions to advancing our understanding of cardiac and skeletal muscle-related laminopathies. Potential future directions for developing effective treatments for patients with lamin A/C mutation-associated cardiac and/or skeletal muscle conditions will be discussed.
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25
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Hah J, Kim DH. Deciphering Nuclear Mechanobiology in Laminopathy. Cells 2019; 8:E231. [PMID: 30862117 PMCID: PMC6468464 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular mechanical stimuli are translated into biochemical signals inside the cell via mechanotransduction. The nucleus plays a critical role in mechanoregulation, which encompasses mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. The nuclear lamina underlying the inner nuclear membrane not only maintains the structural integrity, but also connects the cytoskeleton to the nuclear envelope. Lamin mutations, therefore, dysregulate the nuclear response, resulting in abnormal mechanoregulations, and ultimately, disease progression. Impaired mechanoregulations even induce malfunction in nuclear positioning, cell migration, mechanosensation, as well as differentiation. To know how to overcome laminopathies, we need to understand the mechanisms of laminopathies in a mechanobiological way. Recently, emerging studies have demonstrated the varying defects from lamin mutation in cellular homeostasis within mechanical surroundings. Therefore, this review summarizes recent findings highlighting the role of lamins, the architecture of nuclear lamina, and their disease relevance in the context of nuclear mechanobiology. We will also provide an overview of the differentiation of cellular mechanics in laminopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Hah
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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26
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Molecular characterization of Portuguese patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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27
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Sousa A, Canedo P, Azevedo O, Lopes L, Pinho T, Baixia M, Rocha-Gonçalves F, Gonçalves L, Cardoso JS, Machado JC, Martins E. Molecular characterization of Portuguese patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Rev Port Cardiol 2019; 38:129-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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28
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Chandran S, Suggs JA, Wang BJ, Han A, Bhide S, Cryderman DE, Moore SA, Bernstein SI, Wallrath LL, Melkani GC. Suppression of myopathic lamin mutations by muscle-specific activation of AMPK and modulation of downstream signaling. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:351-371. [PMID: 30239736 PMCID: PMC6337691 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminopathies are diseases caused by dominant mutations in the human LMNA gene encoding A-type lamins. Lamins are intermediate filaments that line the inner nuclear membrane, provide structural support for the nucleus and regulate gene expression. Drosophila melanogaster models of skeletal muscle laminopathies were developed to investigate the pathological defects caused by mutant lamins and identify potential therapeutic targets. Human disease-causing LMNA mutations were modeled in Drosophila Lamin C (LamC) and expressed in indirect flight muscle (IFM). IFM-specific expression of mutant, but not wild-type LamC, caused held-up wings indicative of myofibrillar defects. Analyses of the muscles revealed cytoplasmic aggregates of nuclear envelope (NE) proteins, nuclear and mitochondrial dysmorphology, myofibrillar disorganization and up-regulation of the autophagy cargo receptor p62. We hypothesized that the cytoplasmic aggregates of NE proteins trigger signaling pathways that alter cellular homeostasis, causing muscle dysfunction. In support of this hypothesis, transcriptomics data from human muscle biopsy tissue revealed misregulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1)/autophagy/proteostatic pathways. Ribosomal protein S6K (S6K) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were increased and AMPKα and mRNAs encoding downstream targets were decreased in muscles expressing mutant LMNA relative controls. The Drosophila laminopathy models were used to determine if altering the levels of these factors modulated muscle pathology. Muscle-specific over-expression of AMPKα and down-stream targets 4E-BP, Forkhead box transcription factors O (Foxo) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), as well as inhibition of S6K, suppressed the held-up wing phenotype, myofibrillar defects and LamC aggregation. These findings provide novel insights on mutant LMNA-based disease mechanisms and identify potential targets for drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahaana Chandran
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Heart Institutes, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Suggs
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Heart Institutes, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Heart Institutes, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Han
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Heart Institutes, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shruti Bhide
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Heart Institutes, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Diane E Cryderman
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Steven A Moore
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sanford I Bernstein
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Heart Institutes, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lori L Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Girish C Melkani
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Heart Institutes, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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29
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Dutta S, Bhattacharyya M, Sengupta K. Changes in the Nuclear Envelope in Laminopathies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1112:31-38. [PMID: 30637688 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Double-membrane-bound nucleus is the major organelle of every metazoan cell, which controls various nuclear processes like chromatin maintenance, DNA replication, transcription and nucleoskeleton-cytoskeleton coupling. Nuclear homeostasis depends on the integrity of nuclear membrane and associated proteins. Lamins, underlying the inner nuclear membrane (INM), play a crucial role in maintaining nuclear homeostasis. In this review, we have focussed on the disruption of nuclear homeostasis due to lamin A/C mutation which produces a plethora of diseases, termed as laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Dutta
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Kaushik Sengupta
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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30
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Han M, Zhao M, Cheng C, Huang Y, Han S, Li W, Tu X, Luo X, Yu X, Liu Y, Chen Q, Ren X, Wang QK, Ke T. Lamin A mutation impairs interaction with nucleoporin NUP155 and disrupts nucleocytoplasmic transport in atrial fibrillation. Hum Mutat 2018; 40:310-325. [PMID: 30488537 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Here, we show the identification and functional characterization of one AF-associated mutation p.Arg399Cys in lamin A/C. Co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays demonstrate that lamin A/C interacts with NUP155, which is a nucleoporin and causes AF when mutated. Lamin A/C mutation p.Arg399Cys impairs the interaction between lamin A/C and NUP155, and increases extractability of NUP155 from the nuclear envelope (NE). Mutation p.Arg399Cys leads to aggregation of lamin A/C in the nucleus, although it does not impair the integrity of NE upon cellular stress. Mutation p.Arg399Cys inhibits the export of HSP70 mRNA and the nuclear import of HSP70 protein. Electrophysiological studies show that mutation p.Arg399Cys decreases the peak cardiac sodium current by decreasing the cell surface expression level of cardiac sodium channel Nav 1.5, but does not affect IKr potassium current. In conclusion, our results indicate that lamin A/C mutation p.Arg399Cys weakens the interaction between nuclear lamina (lamin A/C) and the nuclear pore complex (NUP155), leading to the development of AF. The findings provide a novel molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Han
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shengna Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiang Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qing Kenneth Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tie Ke
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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31
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van Tienen FHJ, Lindsey PJ, Kamps MAF, Krapels IP, Ramaekers FCS, Brunner HG, van den Wijngaard A, Broers JLV. Assessment of fibroblast nuclear morphology aids interpretation of LMNA variants. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 27:389-399. [PMID: 30420677 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic heterogeneity of Lamin A/C (LMNA) variants renders it difficult to classify them. As a consequence, many LMNA variants are classified as variant of unknown significance (VUS). A number of studies reported different types of visible nuclear abnormalities in LMNA-variant carriers, such as herniations, honeycomb-like structures and irregular Lamin staining. In this study, we used lamin A/C immunostaining and nuclear DAPI staining to assess the number and type of nuclear abnormalities in primary dermal fibroblast cultures of laminopathy patients and healthy controls. The total number of abnormal nuclei, which includes herniations, honeycomb-structures, and donut-like nuclei, was found to be the most discriminating parameter between laminopathy and control cell cultures. The percentage abnormal nuclei was subsequently scored in fibroblasts of 28 LMNA variant carriers, ranging from (likely) benign to (likely) pathogenic variant. Using this method, 27 out of 28 fibroblast cell cultures could be classified as either normal (n = 14) or laminopathy (n = 13) and no false positive results were obtained. The obtained specificity was 100% (CI 40-100%) and sensitivity 77% (46-95%). We conclude that assessing the percentage of abnormal nuclei is a quick and reliable method, which aids classification or confirms pathogenicity of identified LMNA variants causing formation of aberrant lamin A/C protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence H J van Tienen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Patrick J Lindsey
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam A F Kamps
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid P Krapels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans C S Ramaekers
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur van den Wijngaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos L V Broers
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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32
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Captur G, Bilińska Z, Arbustini E. Lamin missense mutations-the spectrum of phenotype variability is increasing. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:1413-1416. [PMID: 30178466 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Captur
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zofia Bilińska
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eloisa Arbustini
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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33
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Laurini E, Martinelli V, Lanzicher T, Puzzi L, Borin D, Chen SN, Long CS, Lee P, Mestroni L, Taylor MRG, Sbaizero O, Pricl S. Biomechanical defects and rescue of cardiomyocytes expressing pathologic nuclear lamins. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:846-857. [PMID: 29432544 PMCID: PMC5909658 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Given the clinical impact of LMNA cardiomyopathies, understanding lamin function will fulfill a clinical need and will lead to advancement in the treatment of heart failure. A multidisciplinary approach combining cell biology, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and molecular modeling was used to analyse the biomechanical properties of human lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutations (E161K, D192G, N195K) using an in vitro neonatal rat ventricular myocyte model. Methods and results The severity of biomechanical defects due to the three LMNA mutations correlated with the severity of the clinical phenotype. AFM and molecular modeling identified distinctive biomechanical and structural changes, with increasing severity from E161K to N195K and D192G, respectively. Additionally, the biomechanical defects were rescued with a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Conclusions AFM and molecular modeling were able to quantify distinct biomechanical and structural defects in LMNA mutations E161K, D192G, and N195K and correlate the defects with clinical phenotypic severity. Improvements in cellular biomechanical phenotype was demonstrated and may represent a mechanism of action for p38 MAPK inhibition therapy that is now being used in human clinical trials to treat laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Laurini
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Martinelli
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Thomas Lanzicher
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Puzzi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Borin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Suet Nee Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Carlin S Long
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Patrice Lee
- Array BioPharma Inc., Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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34
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Herkert JC, Abbott KM, Birnie E, Meems-Veldhuis MT, Boven LG, Benjamins M, du Marchie Sarvaas GJ, Barge-Schaapveld DQCM, van Tintelen JP, van der Zwaag PA, Vos YJ, Sinke RJ, van den Berg MP, van Langen IM, Jongbloed JDH. Toward an effective exome-based genetic testing strategy in pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy. Genet Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/gim.2018.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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35
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Hoorntje ET, Bollen IA, Barge-Schaapveld DQ, van Tienen FH, Te Meerman GJ, Jansweijer JA, van Essen AJ, Volders PG, Constantinescu AA, van den Akker PC, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Oldenburg RA, Marcelis CL, van der Smagt JJ, Hennekam EA, Vink A, Bootsma M, Aten E, Wilde AA, van den Wijngaard A, Broers JL, Jongbloed JD, van der Velden J, van den Berg MP, van Tintelen JP. Lamin A/C-Related Cardiac Disease: Late Onset With a Variable and Mild Phenotype in a Large Cohort of Patients With the Lamin A/C p.(Arg331Gln) Founder Mutation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:CIRCGENETICS.116.001631. [PMID: 28790152 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpretation of missense variants can be especially difficult when the variant is also found in control populations. This is what we encountered for the LMNA c.992G>A (p.(Arg331Gln)) variant. Therefore, to evaluate the effect of this variant, we combined an evaluation of clinical data with functional experiments and morphological studies. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical data of 23 probands and 35 family members carrying this variant were retrospectively collected. A time-to-event analysis was performed to compare the course of the disease with carriers of other LMNA mutations. Myocardial biopsies were studied with electron microscopy and by measuring force development of the sarcomeres. Morphology of the nuclear envelope was assessed with immunofluorescence on cultured fibroblasts. The phenotype in probands and family members was characterized by atrioventricular conduction disturbances (61% and 44%, respectively), supraventricular arrhythmias (69% and 52%, respectively), and dilated cardiomyopathy (74% and 14%, respectively). LMNA p.(Arg331Gln) carriers had a significantly better outcome regarding the composite end point (malignant ventricular arrhythmias, end-stage heart failure, or death) compared with carriers of other pathogenic LMNA mutations. A shared haplotype of 1 Mb around LMNA suggested a common founder. The combined logarithm of the odds score was 3.46. Force development in membrane-permeabilized cardiomyocytes was reduced because of decreased myofibril density. Structural nuclear LMNA-associated envelope abnormalities, that is, blebs, were confirmed by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. CONCLUSIONS Clinical, morphological, functional, haplotype, and segregation data all indicate that LMNA p.(Arg331Gln) is a pathogenic founder mutation with a phenotype reminiscent of other LMNA mutations but with a more benign course.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilse A Bollen
- For the author affiliations, please see the Appendix
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aryan Vink
- For the author affiliations, please see the Appendix
| | | | - Emmelien Aten
- For the author affiliations, please see the Appendix
| | | | | | - Jos L Broers
- For the author affiliations, please see the Appendix
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36
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Core JQ, Mehrabi M, Robinson ZR, Ochs AR, McCarthy LA, Zaragoza MV, Grosberg A. Age of heart disease presentation and dysmorphic nuclei in patients with LMNA mutations. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188256. [PMID: 29149195 PMCID: PMC5693421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear shape defects are a distinguishing characteristic in laminopathies, cancers, and other pathologies. Correlating these defects to the symptoms, mechanisms, and progression of disease requires unbiased, quantitative, and high-throughput means of quantifying nuclear morphology. To accomplish this, we developed a method of automatically segmenting fluorescently stained nuclei in 2D microscopy images and then classifying them as normal or dysmorphic based on three geometric features of the nucleus using a package of Matlab codes. As a test case, cultured skin-fibroblast nuclei of individuals possessing LMNA splice-site mutation (c.357-2A>G), LMNA nonsense mutation (c.736 C>T, pQ246X) in exon 4, LMNA missense mutation (c.1003C>T, pR335W) in exon 6, Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome, and no LMNA mutations were analyzed. For each cell type, the percentage of dysmorphic nuclei, and other morphological features such as average nuclear area and average eccentricity were obtained. Compared to blind observers, our procedure implemented in Matlab codes possessed similar accuracy to manual counting of dysmorphic nuclei while being significantly more consistent. The automatic quantification of nuclear defects revealed a correlation between in vitro results and age of patients for initial symptom onset. Our results demonstrate the method’s utility in experimental studies of diseases affecting nuclear shape through automated, unbiased, and accurate identification of dysmorphic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Q. Core
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Mehrsa Mehrabi
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Zachery R. Robinson
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexander R. Ochs
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Linda A. McCarthy
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Zaragoza
- Pediatrics–Genetics & Genomics Division–School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Biological Chemistry–School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Pilichou K, Lazzarini E, Rigato I, Celeghin R, De Bortoli M, Perazzolo Marra M, Cason M, Jongbloed J, Calore M, Rizzo S, Regazzo D, Poloni G, Iliceto S, Daliento L, Delise P, Corrado D, Van Tintelen JP, Thiene G, Rampazzo A, Basso C, Bauce B, Lorenzon A, Occhi G. Large Genomic Rearrangements of Desmosomal Genes in Italian Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2017; 10:CIRCEP.117.005324. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.117.005324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Pilichou
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Elisabetta Lazzarini
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Ilaria Rigato
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Rudy Celeghin
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Marzia De Bortoli
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Marina Perazzolo Marra
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Marco Cason
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Jan Jongbloed
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Martina Calore
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Daniela Regazzo
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Giulia Poloni
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Sabino Iliceto
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Luciano Daliento
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Pietro Delise
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Domenico Corrado
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - J. Peter Van Tintelen
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Alessandra Rampazzo
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Cristina Basso
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Barbara Bauce
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Alessandra Lorenzon
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
| | - Gianluca Occhi
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (K.P., E.L., I.R., R.C., M.P.M., M.C., S.R., S.I., L.D., D.C., G. T., C.B., B.B.) and Medicine (D.R.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.D.B., M.C., G.P., A.R., A.L., G.O.); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (J.J.); Cardiology Division, Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Italy (P.D.); and Department of Clinical Genetics, University of
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Abstract
Cardiomyopathies represent a heterogeneous group of diseases that negatively affect heart function. Primary cardiomyopathies specifically target the myocardium, and may arise from genetic [hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D), mitochondrial cardiomyopathy] or genetic and acquired [dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)] etiology. Modern genomics has identified mutations that are common in these populations, while in vitro and in vivo experimentation with these mutations have provided invaluable insight into the molecular mechanisms native to these diseases. For example, increased myosin heavy chain (MHC) binding and ATP utilization lead to the hypercontractile sarcomere in HCM, while abnormal protein–protein interaction and impaired Ca2+ flux underlie the relaxed sarcomere of DCM. Furthermore, expanded access to genetic testing has facilitated identification of potential risk factors that appear through inheritance and manifest sometimes only in the advanced stages of the disease. In this review, we discuss the genetic and molecular abnormalities unique to and shared between these primary cardiomyopathies and discuss some of the important advances made using more traditional basic science experimentation.
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Thanisch K, Song C, Engelkamp D, Koch J, Wang A, Hallberg E, Foisner R, Leonhardt H, Stewart CL, Joffe B, Solovei I. Nuclear envelope localization of LEMD2 is developmentally dynamic and lamin A/C dependent yet insufficient for heterochromatin tethering. Differentiation 2017; 94:58-70. [PMID: 28056360 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral heterochromatin in mammalian nuclei is tethered to the nuclear envelope by at least two mechanisms here referred to as the A- and B-tethers. The A-tether includes lamins A/C and additional unknown components presumably INM protein(s) interacting with both lamins A/C and chromatin. The B-tether includes the inner nuclear membrane (INM) protein Lamin B-receptor, which binds B-type lamins and chromatin. Generally, at least one of the tethers is always present in the nuclear envelope of mammalian cells. Deletion of both causes the loss of peripheral heterochromatin and consequently inversion of the entire nuclear architecture, with this occurring naturally in rod photoreceptors of nocturnal mammals. The tethers are differentially utilized during development, regulate gene expression in opposite manners, and play an important role during cell differentiation. Here we aimed to identify the unknown chromatin binding component(s) of the A-tether. We analyzed 10 mouse tissues by immunostaining with antibodies against 7 INM proteins and found that every cell type has specific, although differentially and developmentally regulated, sets of these proteins. In particular, we found that INM protein LEMD2 is concomitantly expressed with A-type lamins in various cell types but is lacking in inverted nuclei of rod cells. Truncation or deletion of Lmna resulted in the downregulation and mislocalization of LEMD2, suggesting that the two proteins interact and pointing at LEMD2 as a potential chromatin binding mediator of the A-tether. Using nuclei of mouse rods as an experimental model lacking peripheral heterochromatin, we expressed a LEMD2 transgene alone or in combination with lamin C in these cells and observed no restoration of peripheral heterochromatin in either case. We conclude that in contrary to the B-tether, the A-tether has a more intricate composition and consists of multiple components that presumably vary, at differing degrees of redundancy, between cell types and differentiation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Thanisch
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Congdi Song
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dieter Engelkamp
- Transgenic Service Facility, BTE, Franz-Penzoldt-Centre, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str.3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jeannette Koch
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Audrey Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove and Dept of Biological Sciences, NUS, 138648, Singapore
| | - Einar Hallberg
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Se-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Foisner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Colin L Stewart
- Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove and Dept of Biological Sciences, NUS, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Boris Joffe
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Irina Solovei
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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Genetic basis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2016; 224:461-472. [PMID: 27736720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Implications and Assessment of the Elastic Behavior of Lamins in Laminopathies. Cells 2016; 5:cells5040037. [PMID: 27754432 PMCID: PMC5187521 DOI: 10.3390/cells5040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins are mechanosensitive and elastic components of the nuclear lamina that respond to external mechanical cues by altering gene regulation in a feedback mechanism. Numerous mutations in A-type lamins cause a plethora of diverse diseases collectively termed as laminopathies, the majority of which are characterized by irregularly shaped, fragile, and plastic nuclei. These nuclei are challenged to normal mechanotransduction and lead to disease phenotypes. Here, we review our current understanding of the nucleocytoskeleton coupling in mechanotransduction mediated by lamins. We also present an up-to-date understanding of the methods used to determine laminar elasticity both at the bulk and single molecule level.
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Zuela N, Dorfman J, Gruenbaum Y. Global transcriptional changes caused by an EDMD mutation correlate to tissue specific disease phenotypes in C. elegans. Nucleus 2016; 8:60-69. [PMID: 27673727 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2016.1238999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There are numerous heritable diseases associated with mutations in the LMNA gene. Most of these laminopathic diseases, including several muscular dystrophies, are autosomal dominant and have tissue-specific phenotypes. Our previous studies have shown that the globally expressed Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD)-linked lamin mutation, L535P, disrupts nuclear mechanical response specifically in muscle nuclei of C. elegans leading to atrophy of the body muscle cells and to reduced motility. Here we used RNA sequencing to analyze the global changes in gene expression caused by the L535P EDMD lamin mutation in order to gain better understanding of disease mechanisms and the correlation between transcription and phenotype. Our results show changes in key genes and biological pathways that can help explain the muscle specific phenotypes. In addition, the differential gene expression between wild-type and L535P mutant animals suggests that the pharynx function in the L535P mutant animals is affected by this lamin mutation. Moreover, these transcriptional changes were then correlated with reduced pharynx activity and abnormal pharynx muscle structure. Understanding disease mechanisms will potentially lead to new therapeutic approaches toward curing EDMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Zuela
- a Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel
| | | | - Yosef Gruenbaum
- a Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel
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Toro R, Pérez-Serra A, Campuzano O, Moncayo-Arlandi J, Allegue C, Iglesias A, Mangas A, Brugada R. Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy Caused by a Novel Frameshift in the BAG3 Gene. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158730. [PMID: 27391596 PMCID: PMC4938129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy, a major cause of chronic heart failure and cardiac transplantation, is characterized by left ventricular or biventricular heart dilatation. In nearly 50% of cases the pathology is inherited, and more than 60 genes have been reported as disease-causing. However, in 30% of familial cases the mutation remains unidentified even after comprehensive genetic analysis. This study clinically and genetically assessed a large Spanish family affected by dilated cardiomyopathy to search for novel variations. METHODS AND RESULTS Our study included a total of 100 family members. Clinical assessment was performed in alive, and genetic analysis was also performed in alive and 1 deceased relative. Genetic screening included resequencing of 55 genes associated with sudden cardiac death, and Sanger sequencing of main disease-associated genes. Genetic analysis identified a frame-shift variation in BAG3 (p.H243Tfr*64) in 32 patients. Genotype-phenotype correlation identified substantial heterogeneity in disease expression. Of 32 genetic carriers (one deceased), 21 relatives were clinically affected, and 10 were asymptomatic. Seventeen of the symptomatic genetic carriers exhibited proto-diastolic septal knock by echocardiographic assessment. CONCLUSIONS We report p.H243Tfr*64_BAG3 as a novel pathogenic variation responsible for familial dilated cardiomyopathy. This variation correlates with a more severe phenotype of the disease, mainly in younger individuals. Genetic analysis in families, even asymptomatic individuals, enables early identification of individuals at risk and allows implementation of preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Toro
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Oscar Campuzano
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, IDIBGI, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Catarina Allegue
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, IDIBGI, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Iglesias
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, IDIBGI, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Alipio Mangas
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, IDIBGI, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Cardiac Genetics Unit, Hospital Josep Trueta, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Zhao J, Yao H, Li Z, Wang L, Liu G, Wang DW, Wang DW, Liang Z. A novel nonsense mutation in LMNA gene identified by Exome Sequencing in an atrial fibrillation family. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:396-400. [PMID: 27373676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factor plays an important role in cardiac arrhythmias. Several loci have been identified associated with this disease. However, they only explained parts of it and more genes and loci remain to be identified. In present study, we recruited a four generation family from the north of China. Four members of this family were diagnosed with atrial fibrillation by electrocardiogram (ECG). We used Exome Sequencing and Sanger sequencing to explore the candidate mutation for cardiac arrhythmia in this family. A nonsense mutation (c.G1494A, p.Trp498Ter) in the LMNA gene were identified as the candidate mutation. This variant is a novel mutation and has not yet been reported for any actual databases. This novel mutation co-segregated exactly with the disease in this family. Meanwhile, it was not detected in 524 control subjects of matched ancestry. According to structural model prediction, the mutation is expected to affect the Lamin Tail Domain (LTD) of lamin A/C protein. So the nonsense mutation discovered in the family probably was a novel mutation associated with familial atrial fibrillation. This discovery expands the mutation spectrum of LMNA and indicates the importance of LMNA in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhao Zhao
- Institute of Hypertension, Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zongzhe Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangzong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dao W Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhaoguang Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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45
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Olmos Y, Carlton JG. The ESCRT machinery: new roles at new holes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 38:1-11. [PMID: 26775243 PMCID: PMC5023845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit. These events share the requirement for a topologically equivalent membrane remodeling for their completion and the cells deployment of the ESCRT machinery in these different contexts highlights its functionality as a transposable membrane-fission machinery. Here, we will examine recent data describing ESCRT-III dependent membrane remodeling and explore new roles for the ESCRT-III complex at the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Olmos
- Division of Cancer Studies, Section of Cell Biology and Imaging, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - J G Carlton
- Division of Cancer Studies, Section of Cell Biology and Imaging, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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46
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Ceyhan-Birsoy O, Pugh TJ, Bowser MJ, Hynes E, Frisella AL, Mahanta LM, Lebo MS, Amr SS, Funke BH. Next generation sequencing-based copy number analysis reveals low prevalence of deletions and duplications in 46 genes associated with genetic cardiomyopathies. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2015; 4:143-51. [PMID: 27066507 PMCID: PMC4799872 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnostic testing for genetic cardiomyopathies has undergone dramatic changes in the last decade with next generation sequencing (NGS) expanding the number of genes that can be interrogated simultaneously. Exon resolution copy number analysis is increasingly incorporated into routine diagnostic testing via cytogenomic arrays and more recently via NGS. While NGS is an attractive option for laboratories that have no access to array platforms, its higher false positive rate requires weighing the added cost incurred by orthogonal confirmation against the magnitude of the increase in diagnostic yield. Although copy number variants (CNVs) have been reported in various cardiomyopathy genes, their contribution has not been systematically studied. Methods We performed single exon resolution NGS‐based deletion/duplication analysis for up to 46 cardiomyopathy genes in >1400 individuals with cardiomyopathies including HCM, DCM, ARVC, RCM, and LVNC. Results and Conclusion Clinically significant deletions and duplications were identified in only 9 of 1425 (0.63%) individuals. The majority of those (6/9) represented intragenic events. We conclude that the added benefit of exon level deletion/duplication analysis is low for currently known cardiomyopathy genes and may not outweigh the increased cost and complexity of incorporating it into routine diagnostic testing for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Ceyhan-Birsoy
- Laboratory for Molecular MedicinePartners HealthCare Personalized MedicineCambridgeMassachusetts; Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Department of Medical Biophysics Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mark J Bowser
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Hynes
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Ashley L Frisella
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Lisa M Mahanta
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Matt S Lebo
- Laboratory for Molecular MedicinePartners HealthCare Personalized MedicineCambridgeMassachusetts; Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Sami S Amr
- Laboratory for Molecular MedicinePartners HealthCare Personalized MedicineCambridgeMassachusetts; Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Birgit H Funke
- Laboratory for Molecular MedicinePartners HealthCare Personalized MedicineCambridgeMassachusetts; Department of PathologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
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47
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Lee H, Adams WJ, Alford PW, McCain ML, Feinberg AW, Sheehy SP, Goss JA, Parker KK. Cytoskeletal prestress regulates nuclear shape and stiffness in cardiac myocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1543-54. [PMID: 25908635 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215583799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stresses on the myocyte nucleus have been associated with several diseases and potentially transduce mechanical stimuli into cellular responses. Although a number of physical links between the nuclear envelope and cytoplasmic filaments have been identified, previous studies have focused on the mechanical properties of individual components of the nucleus, such as the nuclear envelope and lamin network. The mechanical interaction between the cytoskeleton and chromatin on nuclear deformability remains elusive. Here, we investigated how cytoskeletal and chromatin structures influence nuclear mechanics in cardiac myocytes. Rapid decondensation of chromatin and rupture of the nuclear membrane caused a sudden expansion of DNA, a consequence of prestress exerted on the nucleus. To characterize the prestress exerted on the nucleus, we measured the shape and the stiffness of isolated nuclei and nuclei in living myocytes during disruption of cytoskeletal, myofibrillar, and chromatin structure. We found that the nucleus in myocytes is subject to both tensional and compressional prestress and its deformability is determined by a balance of those opposing forces. By developing a computational model of the prestressed nucleus, we showed that cytoskeletal and chromatin prestresses create vulnerability in the nuclear envelope. Our studies suggest the cytoskeletal-nuclear-chromatin interconnectivity may play an important role in mechanics of myocyte contraction and in the development of laminopathies by lamin mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsuk Lee
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - William J Adams
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Patrick W Alford
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Sean P Sheehy
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Josue A Goss
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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48
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Ho CY, Charron P, Richard P, Girolami F, Van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Pinto Y. Genetic advances in sarcomeric cardiomyopathies: state of the art. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 105:397-408. [PMID: 25634555 PMCID: PMC4349164 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies in the 1980s and 1990s led to landmark discoveries that sarcomere mutations cause both hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies. Sarcomere mutations also likely play a role in more complex phenotypes and overlap cardiomyopathies with features of hypertrophy, dilation, diastolic abnormalities, and non-compaction. Identification of the genetic cause of these important conditions provides unique opportunities to interrogate and characterize disease pathogenesis and pathophysiology, starting from the molecular level and expanding from there. With such insights, there is potential for clinical translation that may transform management of patients and families with inherited cardiomyopathies. If key pathways for disease development can be identified, they could potentially serve as targets for novel disease-modifying or disease-preventing therapies. By utilizing gene-based diagnostic testing, we can identify at-risk individuals prior to the onset of clinical disease, allowing for disease-modifying therapy to be initiated early in life, at a time that such treatment may be most successful. In this section, we review the current application of genetics in clinical management, focusing on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as a paradigm; discuss state-of-the-art genetic testing technology; review emerging knowledge of gene expression in sarcomeric cardiomyopathies; and discuss both the prospects, as well as the challenges, of bringing genetics to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Y Ho
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philippe Charron
- Centre de référence maladies cardiaques héréditaires, ICAN, Inserm UMR_1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Pascale Richard
- Centre de référence maladies cardiaques héréditaires, ICAN, Inserm UMR_1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Karin Y Van Spaendonck-Zwarts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yigal Pinto
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Franaszczyk M, Bilinska ZT, Sobieszczańska-Małek M, Michalak E, Sleszycka J, Sioma A, Małek ŁA, Kaczmarska D, Walczak E, Włodarski P, Hutnik Ł, Milanowska B, Dzielinska Z, Religa G, Grzybowski J, Zieliński T, Ploski R. The BAG3 gene variants in Polish patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: four novel mutations and a genotype-phenotype correlation. J Transl Med 2014; 12:192. [PMID: 25008357 PMCID: PMC4105391 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BAG3 gene mutations have been recently implicated as a novel cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of BAG3 mutations in Polish patients with DCM and to search for genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS We studied 90 unrelated probands by direct sequencing of BAG3 exons and splice sites. Large deletions/insertions were screened for by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS We found 5 different mutations in 6 probands and a total of 21 mutations among their relatives: the known p.Glu455Lys mutation (2 families), 4 novel mutations: p.Gln353ArgfsX10 (c.1055delC), p.Gly379AlafsX45 (c.1135delG), p.Tyr451X (c.1353C>A) and a large deletion of 17,990 bp removing BAG3 exons 3-4. Analysis of mutation positive relatives of the probands from this study pooled with those previously reported showed higher DCM prevalence among those with missense vs. truncating mutations (OR = 8.33, P = 0.0058) as well as a difference in age at disease onset between the former and the latter in Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (P = 0.006). Clinical data from our study suggested that in BAG3 mutation carriers acute onset DCM with hemodynamic compromise may be triggered by infection. CONCLUSIONS BAG3 point mutations and large deletions are relatively frequent cause of DCM. Delayed DCM onset associated with truncating vs. non-truncating mutations may be important for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Franaszczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Alpejska 42 04-628, Poland
| | - Zofia T Bilinska
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Alpejska 42 04-628, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Michalak
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Alpejska 42 04-628, Poland
| | - Justyna Sleszycka
- Department of Cardiomyopathies, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Alpejska 42 04-628, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sioma
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Alpejska 42 04-628, Poland
| | - Łukasz A Małek
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Alpejska 42 04-628, Poland
| | - Dorota Kaczmarska
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Alpejska 42 04-628, Poland
| | - Ewa Walczak
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Spartańska 1 02-637, Poland
| | - Paweł Włodarski
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Centre of Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5 02-004, Poland
| | - Łukasz Hutnik
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Centre of Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5 02-004, Poland
| | - Blanka Milanowska
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Alpejska 42 04-628, Poland
| | - Zofia Dzielinska
- Department of Structural Heart Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Alpejska 42 04-628, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Religa
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Alpejska 42 04-628, Poland
| | - Jacek Grzybowski
- Department of Cardiomyopathies, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Alpejska 42 04-628, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zieliński
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Alpejska 42 04-628, Poland
| | - Rafal Ploski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre of Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Pawinskiego 3C 02-106, Poland
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50
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Abstract
In eukaryotic cells the nuclear genome is enclosed by the nuclear envelope (NE). In metazoans, the NE breaks down in mitosis and it has been assumed that the physical barrier separating nucleoplasm and cytoplasm remains intact during the rest of the cell cycle and cell differentiation. However, recent studies suggest that nonmitotic NE remodeling plays a critical role in development, virus infection, laminopathies, and cancer. Although the mechanisms underlying these NE restructuring events are currently being defined, one common theme is activation of protein kinase C family members in the interphase nucleus to disrupt the nuclear lamina, demonstrating the importance of the lamina in maintaining nuclear integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hatch
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
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