1
|
Wang Y, Sun Z, Zang G, Zhang L, Wang Z. Role of ceramides in diabetic foot ulcers (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023; 51:26. [PMID: 36799149 PMCID: PMC9943538 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder, which if not managed properly, can lead to serious health problems over time and impose significant financial burden on the patient, their family and society as a whole. The study of this disease and the underlying biological mechanism is gaining momentum. Multiple pieces of conclusive evidence show that ceramides are involved in the occurrence and development of diabetes. The present review focuses on the function of ceramides, a type of sphingolipid signaling molecule, to provide a brief description of ceramides and their metabolism, discuss the significant roles of ceramides in the healthy skin barrier, and speculate on the potential involvement of ceramides in the pathogenesis and development of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Understanding these aspects of this disease more thoroughly is crucial to establish how ceramides contribute to the etiology of diabetic foot infections and identify possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of DFUs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ke J, Pan J, Lin H, Gu J. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: a brief summary on lipid toxicity. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 10:776-790. [PMID: 36369594 PMCID: PMC10053269 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious epidemic around the globe, and cardiovascular diseases account for the majority of deaths in patients with DM. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as a cardiac dysfunction derived from DM without the presence of coronary artery diseases and hypertension. Patients with either type 1 or type 2 DM are at high risk of developing DCM and even heart failure. Metabolic disorders of obesity and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic environments result in dyslipidaemia and subsequent lipid-induced toxicity (lipotoxicity) in organs including the heart. Although various mechanisms have been proposed underlying DCM, it remains incompletely understood how lipotoxicity alters cardiac function and how DM induces clinical heart syndrome. With recent progress, we here summarize the latest discoveries on lipid-induced cardiac toxicity in diabetic hearts and discuss the underlying therapies and controversies in clinical DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahan Ke
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jianan Pan
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Borodzicz-Jażdżyk S, Jażdżyk P, Łysik W, Cudnoch-Jȩdrzejewska A, Czarzasta K. Sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:915961. [PMID: 36119733 PMCID: PMC9471951 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.915961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a structural component of the cell membrane, derived from sphingosine, an amino alcohol. Its sphingoid base undergoes various types of enzymatic transformations that lead to the formation of biologically active compounds, which play a crucial role in the essential pathways of cellular signaling, proliferation, maturation, and death. The constantly growing number of experimental and clinical studies emphasizes the pivotal role of sphingolipids in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, including, in particular, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, and stroke. It has also been proven that altering the sphingolipid metabolism has cardioprotective properties in cardiac pathologies, including myocardial infarction. Recent studies suggest that selected sphingolipids may serve as valuable biomarkers useful in the prognosis of cardiovascular disorders in clinical practice. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Borodzicz-Jażdżyk
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Jażdżyk
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Łysik
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jȩdrzejewska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czarzasta
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Total ceramide levels in cardiac tissue relate to cardiac dysfunction in animal models. However, emerging evidence suggests that the fatty acyl chain length of ceramides also impacts their relationship to cardiac function. This review explores evidence regarding the relationship between ceramides and left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. It further explores possible mechanisms underlying these relationships. RECENT FINDINGS In large, community-based cohorts, a higher ratio of specific plasma ceramides, C16 : 0/C24 : 0, related to worse left ventricular dysfunction. Increased left ventricular mass correlated with plasma C16 : 0/C24 : 0, but this relationship became nonsignificant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Decreased left atrial function and increased left atrial size also related to C16 : 0/C24 : 0. Furthermore, increased incident heart failure, overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and all-cause mortality were associated with higher C16 : 0/C24 : 0 (or lower C24 : 0/C16 : 0). Finally, a number of possible biological mechanisms are outlined supporting the link between C16 : 0/C24 : 0 ceramides, ceramide signalling and CVD. SUMMARY High cardiac levels of total ceramides are noted in heart failure. In the plasma, C16 : 0/C24 : 0 ceramides may be a valuable biomarker of preclinical left ventricular dysfunction, remodelling, heart failure and mortality. Continued exploration of the mechanisms underlying these profound relationships may help develop specific lipid modulators to combat cardiac dysfunction and heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Valene Garr-Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Juan Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - John Heebink
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Linda R. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shalaby YM, Al Aidaros A, Valappil A, Ali BR, Akawi N. Role of Ceramides in the Molecular Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies of Cardiometabolic Diseases: What we Know so Far. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:816301. [PMID: 35127726 PMCID: PMC8808480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.816301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides represent a class of biologically active lipids that are involved in orchestrating vital signal transduction pathways responsible for regulating cellular differentiation and proliferation. However, accumulating clinical evidence have shown that ceramides are playing a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of several diseases including cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and obesity, collectively referred to as cardiometabolic disease. Therefore, it has become necessary to study in depth the role of ceramides in the pathophysiology of such diseases, aiming to tailor more efficient treatment regimens. Furthermore, understanding the contribution of ceramides to the pathological molecular mechanisms of those interrelated conditions may improve not only the therapeutic but also the diagnostic and preventive approaches of the preceding hazardous events. Hence, the purpose of this article is to review currently available evidence on the role of ceramides as a common factor in the pathological mechanisms of cardiometabolic diseases as well as the mechanism of action of the latest ceramides-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef M Shalaby
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Egypt
| | - Anas Al Aidaros
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anjana Valappil
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Akawi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jozefczuk E, Szczepaniak P, Guzik TJ, Siedlinski M. Silencing of Sphingosine kinase 1 Affects Maturation Pathways in Mouse Neonatal Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073616. [PMID: 33807180 PMCID: PMC8037404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase-1 (Sphk1) and its product, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are important regulators of cardiac growth and function. Numerous studies have reported that Sphk1/S1P signaling is essential for embryonic cardiac development and promotes pathological cardiac hypertrophy in adulthood. However, no studies have addressed the role of Sphk1 in postnatal cardiomyocyte (CM) development so far. The present study aimed to assess the molecular mechanism(s) by which Sphk1 silencing might influence CMs development and hypertrophy in vitro. Neonatal mouse CMs were transfected with siRNA against Sphk1 or negative control, and subsequently treated with 1 µM angiotensin II (AngII) or a control buffer for 24 h. The results of RNASeq analysis revealed that diminished expression of Sphk1 significantly accelerated neonatal CM maturation by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing developmental pathways in the stress (AngII-induced) conditions. Importantly, similar effects were observed in the control conditions. Enhanced maturation of Sphk1-lacking CMs was further confirmed by the upregulation of the physiological hypertrophy-related signaling pathway involving Akt and downstream glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (Gsk3β) downregulation. In summary, we demonstrated that the Sphk1 silencing in neonatal mouse CMs facilitated their postnatal maturation in both physiological and stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Jozefczuk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Cracow, Poland; (E.J.); (P.S.); (T.J.G.)
| | - Piotr Szczepaniak
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Cracow, Poland; (E.J.); (P.S.); (T.J.G.)
| | - Tomasz Jan Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Cracow, Poland; (E.J.); (P.S.); (T.J.G.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Mateusz Siedlinski
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Cracow, Poland; (E.J.); (P.S.); (T.J.G.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vitamin D 3 Supplementation Alleviates Left Ventricular Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetes: Potential Involvement of Cardiac Lipotoxicity Modulation. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:245-256. [PMID: 33661433 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation, in secondary prevention, on cardiac remodeling and function, as well as lipid profile, in a mouse model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes. METHODS Mice were fed a high fat and sucrose diet for 10 weeks. Afterward, diet was maintained for 15 more weeks and two groups were formed, with and without cholecalciferol supplementation. A control group was fed with normal chow. Glucose homeostasis and cardiac function were assessed at baseline and at the 10th and 24th weeks. Animals were killed at the 10th and 25th weeks for plasma and cardiac sample analysis. Cardiac lipid profile was characterized by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS After 10 weeks of diet, mice exhibited pre-diabetes, mild left ventricle hypertrophy, and impaired longitudinal strain, but preserved myocardial circumferential as well as global diastolic and systolic cardiac function. After 15 more weeks of diet, animals presented with well-established type 2 diabetes, pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and impaired regional myocardial function. Cholecalciferol supplementation had no effect on glucose homeostasis but improved cardiac remodeling and regional myocardial function. After 25 weeks, non-supplemented mice exhibited increased myocardial levels of ceramides and diacylglycerol, both of which were normalized by vitamin D3 supplementation. CONCLUSION This work brought to light the beneficial effects of cholecalciferol supplementation, in secondary prevention, on cardiac remodeling and function in a mouse model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes. Those cardioprotective effects may be, at least in part, attributed to the modulation of myocardial levels of lipotoxic species by vitamin D.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cirillo F, Piccoli M, Ghiroldi A, Monasky MM, Rota P, La Rocca P, Tarantino A, D'Imperio S, Signorelli P, Pappone C, Anastasia L. The antithetic role of ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate in cardiac dysfunction. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4857-4873. [PMID: 33432663 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally and the number of cardiovascular patients, which is estimated to be over 30 million in 2018, represent a challenging issue for the healthcare systems worldwide. Therefore, the identification of novel molecular targets to develop new treatments is an ongoing challenge for the scientific community. In this context, sphingolipids (SLs) have been progressively recognized as potent bioactive compounds that play crucial roles in the modulation of several key biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, SLs involvement in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology attracted much attention, since these molecules could be crucial in the development of CVDs. Among SLs, ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) represent the most studied bioactive lipid mediators, which are characterized by opposing activities in the regulation of the fate of cardiac cells. In particular, maintaining the balance of the so-called ceramide/S1P rheostat emerged as an important novel therapeutical target to counteract CVDs. Thus, this review aims at critically summarizing the current knowledge about the antithetic roles of ceramide and S1P in cardiomyocytes dysfunctions, highlighting how the modulation of their metabolism through specific molecules, such as myriocin and FTY720, could represent a novel and interesting therapeutic approach to improve the management of CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Rota
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo La Rocca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Tarantino
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara D'Imperio
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Role of Non-coding RNA in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:181-195. [PMID: 32285412 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic population worldwide, characteristic by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis and myocardial interstitial fibrosis and eventually developing into heart failure. Non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and other RNAs without the protein encoding function were emerging as a popular regulator in various types of processes during human diseases. The evidences have shown that miRNAs are regulators in diabetic cardiomyopathy, such as insulin resistance, cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and inflammatory, especially their protective effect on heart function. Besides that, the functions of lncRNAs and circRNAs have been gradually confirmed in recent years, and their functions in DCM have become increasingly prominent. We highlighted the nonnegligible roles of non-coding RNAs in the pathological process of DCM and showed the future possibilities of these non-coding RNAs in DCM treatment. In this chapter, we summarized the present advance of the researches in this filed and raised the concern and the prospect in the future.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sparrow AJ, Sievert K, Patel S, Chang YF, Broyles CN, Brook FA, Watkins H, Geeves MA, Redwood CS, Robinson P, Daniels MJ. Measurement of Myofilament-Localized Calcium Dynamics in Adult Cardiomyocytes and the Effect of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutations. Circ Res 2020; 124:1228-1239. [PMID: 30732532 PMCID: PMC6485313 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Subcellular Ca2+ indicators have yet to be developed for the myofilament where disease mutation or small molecules may alter contractility through myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Here, we develop and characterize genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators restricted to the myofilament to directly visualize Ca2+ changes in the sarcomere. Objective: To produce and validate myofilament-restricted Ca2+ imaging probes in an adenoviral transduction adult cardiomyocyte model using drugs that alter myofilament function (MYK-461, omecamtiv mecarbil, and levosimendan) or following cotransduction of 2 established hypertrophic cardiomyopathy disease-causing mutants (cTnT [Troponin T] R92Q and cTnI [Troponin I] R145G) that alter myofilament Ca2+ handling. Methods and Results: When expressed in adult ventricular cardiomyocytes RGECO-TnT (Troponin T)/TnI (Troponin I) sensors localize correctly to the sarcomere without contractile impairment. Both sensors report cyclical changes in fluorescence in paced cardiomyocytes with reduced Ca2+ on and increased Ca2+ off rates compared with unconjugated RGECO. RGECO-TnT/TnI revealed changes to localized Ca2+ handling conferred by MYK-461 and levosimendan, including an increase in Ca2+ binding rates with both levosimendan and MYK-461 not detected by an unrestricted protein sensor. Coadenoviral transduction of RGECO-TnT/TnI with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causing thin filament mutants showed that the mutations increase myofilament [Ca2+] in systole, lengthen time to peak systolic [Ca2+], and delay [Ca2+] release. This contrasts with the effect of the same mutations on cytoplasmic Ca2+, when measured using unrestricted RGECO where changes to peak systolic Ca2+ are inconsistent between the 2 mutations. These data contrast with previous findings using chemical dyes that show no alteration of [Ca2+] transient amplitude or time to peak Ca2+. Conclusions: RGECO-TnT/TnI are functionally equivalent. They visualize Ca2+ within the myofilament and reveal unrecognized aspects of small molecule and disease-associated mutations in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Sparrow
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.S., K.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,BHF Centre of Research Excellence (A.J.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kolja Sievert
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.S., K.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Suketu Patel
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.S., K.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,BHF Centre of Research Excellence (A.J.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Fen Chang
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.S., K.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,BHF Centre of Research Excellence (A.J.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Connor N Broyles
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.S., K.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,BHF Centre of Research Excellence (A.J.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances A Brook
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.S., K.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,BHF Centre of Research Excellence (A.J.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Watkins
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.S., K.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,BHF Centre of Research Excellence (A.J.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, Oxford University NHS Hospitals Trust, United Kingdom (H.W., M.J.D.)
| | - Michael A Geeves
- Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom (M.A.G.)
| | - Charles S Redwood
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.S., K.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,BHF Centre of Research Excellence (A.J.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Robinson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.S., K.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,BHF Centre of Research Excellence (A.J.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Daniels
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.S., K.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,BHF Centre of Research Excellence (A.J.S., S.P., Y.-F.C., C.N.B., F.A.B., H.W., C.S.R., P.R., M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine (M.J.D.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, Oxford University NHS Hospitals Trust, United Kingdom (H.W., M.J.D.).,Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan (M.J.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kawaguchi S, Okada M, Ijiri E, Koga D, Watanabe T, Hayashi K, Kashiwagi Y, Fujita S, Hasebe N. β 3-Adrenergic receptor blockade reduces mortality in endotoxin-induced heart failure by suppressing induced nitric oxide synthase and saving cardiac metabolism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H283-H294. [PMID: 31834837 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00108.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The β3-adrenergic receptor (β3AR) is related to myocardial fatty acid metabolism and its expression has been implicated in heart failure. In this study, we investigated the role of β3AR in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia as a model of cardiac dysfunction. We placed mice into three treatment groups and treated each with intraperitoneal injections of the β3AR agonist CL316243 (CL group), the β3AR antagonist SR59230A (SR group), or normal saline (NS group). Survival rates were significantly improved in the SR group compared with the other treatment groups. Echocardiography analyses revealed cardiac dysfunction within 6-12 h of LPS injections, but the outcome was significantly better for the SR group. Myocardial ATP was preserved in the SR group but was decreased in the CL-treated mice. Additionally, quantitative PCR analysis revealed that expression levels of genes associated with fatty acid oxidation and glucose metabolism were significantly higher in the SR group. Furthermore, the expression levels of mitochondrial membrane protein complexes were preserved in the SR group. Electron microscope studies showed significant accumulation of lipid droplets in the CL group. Moreover, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression and nitric oxide were significantly reduced in the SR group. The in vitro study demonstrated that β3AR has an independent iNOS pathway that does not go through the nuclear factor-κB pathway. These results suggest that blockading β3AR improves impaired energy metabolism in myocardial tissues by suppressing iNOS expression and recovers cardiac function in animals with endotoxin-induced heart failure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Nitric oxide production through stimulation of β3-adrenergic receptor (β3AR) may improve cardiac function in cases of chronic heart failure. We demonstrated that the blockade of β3AR improved mortality and cardiac function in endotoxin-induced heart failure. We also determined that LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase has a pathway that is independent of nuclear factor-κB, which worsened cardiac metabolism and mortality in the acute phase of sepsis. Treatment with the β3AR antagonist had a favorable effect. Thus, the blockade of β3AR could offer a novel treatment for sepsis-related heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Motoi Okada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Eriko Ijiri
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koga
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuta Kashiwagi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hasebe
- Respiratory and Neurology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Law BA, Hancock WD, Cowart LA. Getting to the heart of the sphingolipid riddle. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 1:111-122. [PMID: 33195889 PMCID: PMC7665081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome induce dyslipidemia resulting in inundation of peripheral organs with fatty acids. These not only serve as substrates for energy production, but also contribute to aberrant production of bioactive lipids. Moreover, lipid metabolism is affected in many cardiac disorders including heart failure, ischemia reperfusion injury, and others. While lipids serve crucial homeostatic roles, perturbing biosynthesis of lipid mediators leads to aberrant cell signaling, which contributes to maladaptive cardiovascular programs. Bioactive sphingolipids, in particular, have been implicated in pathophysiology in the heart and vasculature by a variety of studies in cells, animal models, and humans. Because of the burgeoning interest in sphingolipid-driven biology in the cardiovascular system, it is necessary to discuss the experimental considerations for studying sphingolipid metabolism and signaling, emphasizing the caveats to some widely available experimental tools and approaches. Additionally, there is a growing appreciation for the diversity of ceramide structures generated via specific enzymes and bearing disparate cellular functions. While targeting these individual species and enzymes constitutes a major advance, studies show that sphingolipid synthesis readily adapts to compensate for experimental targeting of any individual pathway, thereby convoluting data interpretation. Furthermore, though some molecular mechanisms of sphingolipid action are known, signaling pathways impacted by sphingolipids remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss these issues and highlight recent studies as well as future directions that may extend our understanding of the metabolism and signaling actions of these enigmatic lipids in the cardiovascular context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britany A Law
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Present Address: Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Duke University, Durham NC
| | - William D Hancock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rapid negative inotropic effect induced by TNF-α in rat heart perfused related to PKC activation. Cytokine 2017; 107:65-69. [PMID: 29196133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial depression, frequently observed in septic shock, is mediated by circulating molecules such as cytokines. TNF-α appears to be the most important pro-inflammatory cytokine released during the early phase of a septic shock. It was previously shown that TNF-α had a negative inotropic effect on myocardium. Now, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the activation of PKC by TNF-α on heart function, and to determine if this cytokine could induce a decrease of membrane excitability. Isolated rat hearts (n = 6) were perfused with Tyrode solution containing TNF-α at 20 ng/ml during 30 min by using a Langendorff technique. Expressions of PKC-α and PKC-ε were analysed by western blot on membrane and cytosol proteins extracted from ventricular myocardium. Patch clamp was performed on freshly isolated cardiomyocytes (n = 8). Compared to control situation, 30 min of TNF-α perfusion led to cardiac dysfunction with a decrease of the heart rate (-83%), the force (-20%) and speed of relaxation (-18%) and the coronary flow (-25%). This is associated with an activation and a membrane targeting of both PKC-α and PKC-ε isoforms in ventricle with respectively +123% and +54% compared to control hearts. Nevertheless, TNF-α had no significant effect on voltage-gated sodium current (109.0%+/- 12.5) after addition of the cytokine when compared to control. These results showed that TNF-α had a negative inotropic effect on the isolated rat heart and can induce PKC activation leading to an impaired contractility of the heart. However the early heart dysfunction induced by the cytokine was not associated to a decrease of cardiomyocytes membrane excitability as it has been evidenced in skeletal muscle fibres.
Collapse
|
14
|
Adjustment of Dysregulated Ceramide Metabolism in a Murine Model of Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040839. [PMID: 28420138 PMCID: PMC5412423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction, in particular of the left ventricle, is a common and early event in sepsis, and is strongly associated with an increase in patients’ mortality. Acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1)—the principal regulator for rapid and transient generation of the lipid mediator ceramide—is involved in both the regulation of host response in sepsis as well as in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure. This study determined the degree and the potential role to which SMPD1 and its modulation affect sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy using both genetically deficient and pharmacologically-treated animals in a polymicrobial sepsis model. As surrogate parameters of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, cardiac function, markers of oxidative stress as well as troponin I levels were found to be improved in desipramine-treated animals, desipramine being an inhibitor of ceramide formation. Additionally, ceramide formation in cardiac tissue was dysregulated in SMPD1+/+ as well as SMPD1−/− animals, whereas desipramine pretreatment resulted in stable, but increased ceramide content during host response. This was a result of elevated de novo synthesis. Strikingly, desipramine treatment led to significantly improved levels of surrogate markers. Furthermore, similar results in desipramine-pretreated SMPD1−/− littermates suggest an SMPD1-independent pathway. Finally, a pattern of differentially expressed transcripts important for regulation of apoptosis as well as antioxidative and cytokine response supports the concept that desipramine modulates ceramide formation, resulting in beneficial myocardial effects. We describe a novel, protective role of desipramine during sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction that controls ceramide content. In addition, it may be possible to modulate cardiac function during host response by pre-conditioning with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug desipramine.
Collapse
|
15
|
Karam CN, Warren CM, Henze M, Banke NH, Lewandowski ED, Solaro RJ. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α expression induces alterations in cardiac myofilaments in a pressure-overload model of hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H681-H690. [PMID: 28130336 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00469.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although alterations in fatty acid (FA) metabolism have been shown to have a negative impact on contractility of the hypertrophied heart, the targets of action remain elusive. In this study we compared the function of skinned fiber bundles from transgenic (Tg) mice that overexpress a relatively low level of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and nontransgenic (NTg) littermates. The mice (NTg-T and Tg-T) were stressed by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and compared with shams (NTg-S and Tg-S). There was an approximate 4-fold increase in PPARα expression in Tg-S compared with NTg-S, but Tg-T hearts showed the same PPARα expression as NTg-T. Expression of PPARα did not alter the hypertrophic response to TAC but did reduce ejection fraction (EF) in Tg-T hearts compared with other groups. The rate of actomyosin ATP hydrolysis was significantly higher in Tg-S skinned fiber bundles compared with all other groups. Tg-T hearts showed an increase in phosphorylation of specific sites on cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) and β-myosin heavy chain isoform. These results advance our understanding of potential signaling to the myofilaments induced by altered FA metabolism under normal and pathological states. We demonstrate that chronic and transient PPARα activation during pathological stress alters myofilament response to Ca2+ through a mechanism that is possibly mediated by MyBP-C phosphorylation and myosin heavy chain isoforms.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Data presented here demonstrate novel signaling to sarcomeric proteins by chronic alterations in fatty acid metabolism induced by PPARα. The mechanism involves modifications of key myofilament regulatory proteins modifying cross-bridge dynamics with differential effects in controls and hearts stressed by pressure overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chehade N Karam
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Chad M Warren
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Marcus Henze
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Natasha H Banke
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - E Douglas Lewandowski
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and.,Sanford Burnham Presbyterian Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - R John Solaro
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Role of sphingomyelinase in mitochondrial ceramide accumulation during reperfusion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1955-63. [PMID: 27479697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide accumulation in mitochondria has been associated with reperfusion damage, but the underlying mechanisms are not clearly elucidated. In this work we investigate the role of sphingomyelinases in mitochondrial ceramide accumulation, its effect on reactive oxygen species production, as well as on mitochondrial function by using the sphingomyelinase inhibitor, tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609). Correlation between neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) activity and changes in ceramide content were performed in whole tissue and in isolated mitochondria from reperfused hearts. Overall results demonstrated that D609 treatment attenuates cardiac dysfuncion, mitochondrial injury and oxidative stress. Ceramide was accumulated in mitochondria, but not in the microsomal fraction of the ischemic-reperfused (I/R) group. In close association, the activity of nSMase increased, whereas glutathione (GSH) levels diminished in mitochondria after reperfusion. On the other hand, reduction of ceramide levels in mitochondria from I/R+D609 hearts correlated with diminished nSMase activity, coupling of oxidative phosphorylation and with mitochondrial integrity maintenance. These results suggest that mitochondrial nSMase activity contributes to compartmentation and further accumulation of ceramide in mitochondria, deregulating their function during reperfusion.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sawicka M, Janowska J, Chudek J. Potential beneficial effect of some adipokines positively correlated with the adipose tissue content on the cardiovascular system. Int J Cardiol 2016; 222:581-589. [PMID: 27513655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. However, in the case of heart failure, obese and overweight patients have a more favourable prognosis compared to patients who have a normal body weight. This phenomenon is referred to as the "obesity paradox," and it is explained by, among others, a positive effect of adipokines produced by adipose tissue, particularly by the tissue located in the direct vicinity of the heart and blood vessels. The favourable effect on the cardiovascular system is mostly associated with adiponectin and omentin, but the levels of these substances are reduced in obese patients. Among the adipokines which levels are positively correlated with the adipose tissue content, favourable activity is demonstrated by apelin, progranulin, chemerin, TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-)α, CTRP-3 (C1q/tumour necrosis factor (TNF) related protein), leptin, visfatin and vaspin. This activity is associated with the promotion of regeneration processes in the damaged myocardium, formation of new blood vessels, reduction of the afterload, improvement of metabolic processes in cardiomyocytes and myocardial contractile function, inhibition of apoptosis and fibrosis of the myocardium, as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-atheromatous effects. The potential use of these properties in the treatment of heart failure and ischaemic heart disease, as well as in pulmonary hypertension, arterial hypertension and the limitation of the loss of cardiomyocytes during cardioplegia-requiring cardiosurgical procedures, is studied. The most advanced studies focus on analogues of apelin and progranulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sawicka
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, 9 Maria Skłodowska- Curie Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-027 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Joanna Janowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Inhibition of ceramide de novo synthesis as a postischemic strategy to reduce myocardial reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:12. [PMID: 26786259 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The injury caused by myocardial reperfusion after ischemia can be contained by interventions aimed at reducing the inflammation and the oxidative stress that underlie exacerbation of tissue damage. Sphingolipids are a class of structural and signaling lipid molecules; among them, the inflammation mediator ceramide accumulates in the myocardium upon ischemia/reperfusion. Here, we show that, after transient coronary occlusion in mice, an increased de novo ceramide synthesis takes place at reperfusion in the ischemic area surrounding necrosis (area at risk). This correlates with the enhanced expression of the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo pathway, serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). The intraventricular administration at reperfusion of myriocin, an inhibitor of SPT, significantly protected the area at risk from damage, reducing the infarcted area by 40.9 % relative to controls not treated with the drug. In the area at risk, myriocin downregulated ceramide, reduced the content in other mediators of inflammation and reactive oxygen species, and activated the Nrf2-HO1 cytoprotective response. We conclude that an enhanced ceramide synthesis takes part in ischemia/reperfusion injury and that myriocin treatment can be proposed as a strategy for myocardial pharmacological postconditioning.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cho GW, Altamirano F, Hill JA. Chronic heart failure: Ca(2+), catabolism, and catastrophic cell death. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:763-777. [PMID: 26775029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Robust successes have been achieved in recent years in conquering the acutely lethal manifestations of heart disease. Many patients who previously would have died now survive to enjoy happy and productive lives. Nevertheless, the devastating impact of heart disease continues unabated, as the spectrum of disease has evolved with new manifestations. In light of this ever-evolving challenge, insights that culminate in novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Here, we review fundamental mechanisms of heart failure, both with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. We discuss pathways that regulate cardiomyocyte remodeling and turnover, focusing on Ca(2+) signaling, autophagy, and apoptosis. In particular, we highlight recent insights pointing to novel connections among these events. We also explore mechanisms whereby potential therapeutic approaches targeting these processes may improve morbidity and mortality in the devastating syndrome of heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|