1
|
Zhu C, Yuan T, Krishnan J. Targeting cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:349-369. [PMID: 38683371 PMCID: PMC11142990 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure continues to be a significant global health concern, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. The limited ability of the adult heart to regenerate has posed challenges in finding effective treatments for cardiac pathologies. While various medications and surgical interventions have been used to improve cardiac function, they are not able to address the extensive loss of functioning cardiomyocytes that occurs during cardiac injury. As a result, there is growing interest in understanding how the cell cycle is regulated and exploring the potential for stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation as a means of promoting heart regeneration. This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on cell cycle regulation and mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte proliferation in cases of heart failure, while also highlighting established and novel therapeutic strategies targeting this area for treatment purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Zhu
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology/Angiology/Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Goethe University Hospital, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wolfson DW, Kim NK, Lee KH, Beyersdorf JP, Langberg JJ, Fernandez N, Choi D, Zureick N, Kim TY, Bae S, Gu JM, Kirschman JL, Fan J, Sheng CY, Gottlieb Sen D, Mettler B, Sung JH, Yoon YS, Park SJ, Santangelo PJ, Cho HC. Transient pacing in pigs with complete heart block via myocardial injection of mRNA coding for the T-box transcription factor 18. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01211-9. [PMID: 38698155 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The adenovirus-mediated somatic transfer of the embryonic T-box transcription factor 18 (TBX18) gene can convert chamber cardiomyocytes into induced pacemaker cells. However, the translation of therapeutic TBX18-induced cardiac pacing faces safety challenges. Here we show that the myocardial expression of synthetic TBX18 mRNA in animals generates de novo pacing and limits innate and inflammatory immune responses. In rats, intramyocardially injected mRNA remained localized, whereas direct myocardial injection of an adenovirus carrying a reporter gene resulted in diffuse expression and in substantial spillover to the liver, spleen and lungs. Transient expression of TBX18 mRNA in rats led to de novo automaticity and pacemaker properties and, compared with the injection of adenovirus, to substantial reductions in the expression of inflammatory genes and in activated macrophage populations. In rodent and clinically relevant porcine models of complete heart block, intramyocardially injected TBX18 mRNA provided rate-adaptive cardiac pacing for one month that strongly correlated with the animal's sinus rhythm and physical activity. TBX18 mRNA may aid the development of biological pacemakers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Wolfson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nam Kyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ki Hong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jared P Beyersdorf
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan J Langberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Natasha Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dahim Choi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadine Zureick
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tae Yun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Seongho Bae
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jin-Mo Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Kirschman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jinqi Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina Y Sheng
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danielle Gottlieb Sen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bret Mettler
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jung Hoon Sung
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sung-Jin Park
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philip J Santangelo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Hee Cheol Cho
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, The Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nakanishi-Koakutsu M, Miki K, Naka Y, Sasaki M, Wakimizu T, Napier SC, Okubo C, Narita M, Nishikawa M, Hata R, Chonabayashi K, Hotta A, Imahashi K, Nishimoto T, Yoshida Y. CD151 expression marks atrial- and ventricular- differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Commun Biol 2024; 7:231. [PMID: 38418926 PMCID: PMC10901864 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Current differentiation protocols for human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) produce heterogeneous cardiomyocytes (CMs). Although chamber-specific CM selection using cell surface antigens enhances biomedical applications, a cell surface marker that accurately distinguishes between hiPSC-derived atrial CMs (ACMs) and ventricular CMs (VCMs) has not yet been identified. We have developed an approach for obtaining functional hiPSC-ACMs and -VCMs based on CD151 expression. For ACM differentiation, we found that ACMs are enriched in the CD151low population and that CD151 expression is correlated with the expression of Notch4 and its ligands. Furthermore, Notch signaling inhibition followed by selecting the CD151low population during atrial differentiation leads to the highly efficient generation of ACMs as evidenced by gene expression and electrophysiology. In contrast, for VCM differentiation, VCMs exhibiting a ventricular-related gene signature and uniform action potentials are enriched in the CD151high population. Our findings enable the production of high-quality ACMs and VCMs appropriate for hiPSC-derived chamber-specific disease models and other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misato Nakanishi-Koakutsu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kenji Miki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Center for Organ Engineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuki Naka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masako Sasaki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Wakimizu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Stephanie C Napier
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
- Global Advanced Platform, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Chikako Okubo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Megumi Narita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Misato Nishikawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Reo Hata
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Chonabayashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kenichi Imahashi
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
- Global Advanced Platform, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nishimoto
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
- Orizuru Therapeutics Incorporated, Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu T, Malek Mohammadi M, Ebach F, Hesse M, Kotlikoff MI, Fleischmann BK. Right ventricular cardiomyocyte expansion accompanies cardiac regeneration in newborn mice after large left ventricular infarcts. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e176281. [PMID: 38319719 PMCID: PMC11143925 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.176281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cauterization of the root of the left coronary artery (LCA) in the neonatal heart on postnatal day 1 (P1) resulted in large, reproducible lesions of the left ventricle (LV), and an attendant marked adaptive response in the right ventricle (RV). The response of both chambers to LV myocardial infarction involved enhanced cardiomyocyte (CM) division and binucleation, as well as LV revascularization, leading to restored heart function within 7 days post surgery (7 dps). By contrast, infarction of P3 mice resulted in cardiac scarring without a significant regenerative and adaptive response of the LV and the RV, leading to subsequent heart failure and death within 7 dps. The prominent RV myocyte expansion in P1 mice involved an acute increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and a unique gene regulatory response, leading to an increase in RV mass and preserved heart function. Thus, distinct adaptive mechanisms in the RV, such as CM proliferation and RV expansion, enable marked cardiac regeneration of the infarcted LV at P1 and full functional recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Hu
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Mona Malek Mohammadi
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian Ebach
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Bernd K. Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ye T, Yang W, Gao T, Yu X, Chen T, Yang Y, Guo J, Li Q, Li H, Yang L. Trastuzumab-induced cardiomyopathy via ferroptosis-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 206:143-161. [PMID: 37392951 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Trastuzumab (TRZ) is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for HER-2 (ErbB2)-positive breast cancer. Unfortunately, its clinical use is limited due to its cardiotoxicity, referred to as TRZ-induced cardiotoxicity (TIC). However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the development of TIC remain unclear. Iron and lipid metabolism and redox reactions participate in the development of ferroptosis. Here, we show that ferroptosis-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in TIC in vivo and in vitro. We first established TIC models with BALB/c mice or neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and confirmed cardiomyopathy with echocardiography and inhibition of cell viability with a cell counting kit-8 examination, respectively. We showed that TRZ downregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) and elevated lipid peroxidation by-products, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA), by inactivating the ErbB2/PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signalling pathway. Additionally, upregulated mitochondrial 4-HNE binds to voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), increases VDAC1 oligomerization, and subsequently induces mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP levels. Concomitantly, TRZ affected the mitochondrial levels of GSH/GSSG and iron ions and the stability of mitoGPx4. Ferroptosis inhibitors, such as ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) or the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO), ameliorate TRZ-induced cardiomyopathy. Overexpression of mitoGPx4 also suppressed mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and prevented TRZ-induced ferroptosis. Our study strongly suggests that targeting ferroptosis-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is a potential cardioprotective strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China; School of Public Health, Qiqihar medical university, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Tielei Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tianzuo Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jinxiang Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Quanfeng Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), 39 Xinyang Road, Gaoxin District, Daqing, 163319, China; State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chakraborty A, Peterson NG, King JS, Gross RT, Pla MM, Thennavan A, Zhou KC, DeLuca S, Bursac N, Bowles DE, Wolf MJ, Fox DT. Conserved chamber-specific polyploidy maintains heart function in Drosophila. Development 2023; 150:dev201896. [PMID: 37526609 PMCID: PMC10482010 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Developmentally programmed polyploidy (whole-genome duplication) of cardiomyocytes is common across evolution. Functions of such polyploidy are essentially unknown. Here, in both Drosophila larvae and human organ donors, we reveal distinct polyploidy levels in cardiac organ chambers. In Drosophila, differential growth and cell cycle signal sensitivity leads the heart chamber to reach a higher ploidy/cell size relative to the aorta chamber. Cardiac ploidy-reduced animals exhibit reduced heart chamber size, stroke volume and cardiac output, and acceleration of circulating hemocytes. These Drosophila phenotypes mimic human cardiomyopathies. Our results identify productive and likely conserved roles for polyploidy in cardiac chambers and suggest that precise ploidy levels sculpt many developing tissues. These findings of productive cardiomyocyte polyploidy impact efforts to block developmental polyploidy to improve heart injury recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archan Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nora G. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Juliet S. King
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ryan T. Gross
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Aatish Thennavan
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Kevin C. Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sophia DeLuca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Donald T. Fox
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elia A, Mohsin S, Khan M. Cardiomyocyte Ploidy, Metabolic Reprogramming and Heart Repair. Cells 2023; 12:1571. [PMID: 37371041 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult heart is made up of cardiomyocytes (CMs) that maintain pump function but are unable to divide and form new myocytes in response to myocardial injury. In contrast, the developmental cardiac tissue is made up of proliferative CMs that regenerate injured myocardium. In mammals, CMs during development are diploid and mononucleated. In response to cardiac maturation, CMs undergo polyploidization and binucleation associated with CM functional changes. The transition from mononucleation to binucleation coincides with unique metabolic changes and shift in energy generation. Recent studies provide evidence that metabolic reprogramming promotes CM cell cycle reentry and changes in ploidy and nucleation state in the heart that together enhances cardiac structure and function after injury. This review summarizes current literature regarding changes in CM ploidy and nucleation during development, maturation and in response to cardiac injury. Importantly, how metabolism affects CM fate transition between mononucleation and binucleation and its impact on cell cycle progression, proliferation and ability to regenerate the heart will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Elia
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aix E, Gallinat A, Yago-Díez C, Lucas J, Gómez MJ, Benguría A, Freitag P, Cortez-Toledo E, Fernández de Manuel L, García-Cuasimodo L, Sánchez-Iranzo H, Montoya MC, Dopazo A, Sánchez-Cabo F, Mercader N, López JE, Fleischmann BK, Hesse M, Flores I. Telomeres Fuse During Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Circulation 2023; 147:1634-1636. [PMID: 37216436 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.062229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Aix
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (E.A., A.G., C.Y.-D., J.L., M.J.G., A.B., L.F.d.M., L.G.-C., H.S.-I., M.C.M., A.D., F.S.-C., N.M., I.F.)
| | - Alex Gallinat
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (E.A., A.G., C.Y.-D., J.L., M.J.G., A.B., L.F.d.M., L.G.-C., H.S.-I., M.C.M., A.D., F.S.-C., N.M., I.F.)
| | - Carla Yago-Díez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (E.A., A.G., C.Y.-D., J.L., M.J.G., A.B., L.F.d.M., L.G.-C., H.S.-I., M.C.M., A.D., F.S.-C., N.M., I.F.)
| | - Javier Lucas
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (E.A., A.G., C.Y.-D., J.L., M.J.G., A.B., L.F.d.M., L.G.-C., H.S.-I., M.C.M., A.D., F.S.-C., N.M., I.F.)
| | - Manuel José Gómez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (E.A., A.G., C.Y.-D., J.L., M.J.G., A.B., L.F.d.M., L.G.-C., H.S.-I., M.C.M., A.D., F.S.-C., N.M., I.F.)
| | - Alberto Benguría
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (E.A., A.G., C.Y.-D., J.L., M.J.G., A.B., L.F.d.M., L.G.-C., H.S.-I., M.C.M., A.D., F.S.-C., N.M., I.F.)
| | - Patricia Freitag
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Germany (P.F., B.K.F., M.H.)
| | | | - Laura Fernández de Manuel
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (E.A., A.G., C.Y.-D., J.L., M.J.G., A.B., L.F.d.M., L.G.-C., H.S.-I., M.C.M., A.D., F.S.-C., N.M., I.F.)
| | - Lucía García-Cuasimodo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (E.A., A.G., C.Y.-D., J.L., M.J.G., A.B., L.F.d.M., L.G.-C., H.S.-I., M.C.M., A.D., F.S.-C., N.M., I.F.)
| | - Héctor Sánchez-Iranzo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (E.A., A.G., C.Y.-D., J.L., M.J.G., A.B., L.F.d.M., L.G.-C., H.S.-I., M.C.M., A.D., F.S.-C., N.M., I.F.)
- IBCS-BIP, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany (H.S.-I.)
| | - María C Montoya
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (E.A., A.G., C.Y.-D., J.L., M.J.G., A.B., L.F.d.M., L.G.-C., H.S.-I., M.C.M., A.D., F.S.-C., N.M., I.F.)
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (E.A., A.G., C.Y.-D., J.L., M.J.G., A.B., L.F.d.M., L.G.-C., H.S.-I., M.C.M., A.D., F.S.-C., N.M., I.F.)
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (E.A., A.G., C.Y.-D., J.L., M.J.G., A.B., L.F.d.M., L.G.-C., H.S.-I., M.C.M., A.D., F.S.-C., N.M., I.F.)
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (E.A., A.G., C.Y.-D., J.L., M.J.G., A.B., L.F.d.M., L.G.-C., H.S.-I., M.C.M., A.D., F.S.-C., N.M., I.F.)
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Switzerland (N.M.)
| | | | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Germany (P.F., B.K.F., M.H.)
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Germany (P.F., B.K.F., M.H.)
| | - Ignacio Flores
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (E.A., A.G., C.Y.-D., J.L., M.J.G., A.B., L.F.d.M., L.G.-C., H.S.-I., M.C.M., A.D., F.S.-C., N.M., I.F.)
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain (I.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chakraborty A, Peterson NG, King JS, Gross RT, Pla MM, Thennavan A, Zhou KC, DeLuca S, Bursac N, Bowles DE, Wolf MJ, Fox DT. Conserved Chamber-Specific Polyploidy Maintains Heart Function in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.10.528086. [PMID: 36798187 PMCID: PMC9934670 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.528086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Developmentally programmed polyploidy (whole-genome-duplication) of cardiomyocytes is common across evolution. Functions of such polyploidy are essentially unknown. Here, we reveal roles for precise polyploidy levels in cardiac tissue. We highlight a conserved asymmetry in polyploidy level between cardiac chambers in Drosophila larvae and humans. In Drosophila , differential Insulin Receptor (InR) sensitivity leads the heart chamber to reach a higher ploidy/cell size relative to the aorta chamber. Cardiac ploidy-reduced animals exhibit reduced heart chamber size, stroke volume, cardiac output, and acceleration of circulating hemocytes. These Drosophila phenotypes mimic systemic human heart failure. Using human donor hearts, we reveal asymmetry in nuclear volume (ploidy) and insulin signaling between the left ventricle and atrium. Our results identify productive and likely conserved roles for polyploidy in cardiac chambers and suggest precise ploidy levels sculpt many developing tissues. These findings of productive cardiomyocyte polyploidy impact efforts to block developmental polyploidy to improve heart injury recovery.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen Y, Wu G, Li M, Hesse M, Ma Y, Chen W, Huang H, Liu Y, Xu W, Tang Y, Zheng H, Li C, Lin Z, Chen G, Liao W, Liao Y, Bin J, Chen Y. LDHA-mediated metabolic reprogramming promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation by alleviating ROS and inducing M2 macrophage polarization. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102446. [PMID: 36057161 PMCID: PMC9437906 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Metabolic switching during heart development contributes to postnatal cardiomyocyte (CM) cell cycle exit and loss of regenerative capacity in the mammalian heart. Metabolic control has potential for developing effective CM proliferation strategies. We sought to determine whether lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) regulated CM proliferation by inducing metabolic reprogramming. Methods and results LDHA expression was high in P1 hearts and significantly decreased during postnatal heart development. CM-specific LDHA knockout mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. CM-specific LDHA knockout inhibited CM proliferation, leading to worse cardiac function and a lower survival rate in the neonatal apical resection model. In contrast, CM-specific overexpression of LDHA promoted CM proliferation and cardiac repair post-MI. The α-MHC-H2B-mCh/CAG-eGFP-anillin system was used to confirm the proliferative effect triggered by LDHA on P7 CMs and adult hearts. Metabolomics, proteomics and Co-IP experiments indicated that LDHA-mediated succinyl coenzyme A reduction inhibited succinylation-dependent ubiquitination of thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), which alleviated ROS and thereby promoted CM proliferation. In addition, flow cytometry and western blotting showed that LDHA-driven lactate production created a beneficial cardiac regenerative microenvironment by inducing M2 macrophage polarization. Conclusions LDHA-mediated metabolic reprogramming promoted CM proliferation by alleviating ROS and inducing M2 macrophage polarization, indicating that LDHA might be an effective target for promoting cardiac repair post-MI. Succinylation-dependent ubiquitination of Txnrd1 is a new mechanism involved in LDHA-mediated ROS alleviation during cardiomyocyte proliferation. LDHA-driven lactate production created a beneficial cardiac regenerative microenvironment by inducing M2 macrophage polarization. LDHA-mediated metabolic reprogramming promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation, indicating that LDHA might be a therapeutic target to promote cardiac repair post-MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangkai Wu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengsha Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guizhou University Hospital, Guiyang Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yusheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxiang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yating Tang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuling Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nicks AM, Holman SR, Chan AY, Tsang M, Young PE, Humphreys DT, Naqvi N, Husain A, Li M, Smith NJ, Iismaa SE, Graham RM. Standardised method for cardiomyocyte isolation and purification from individual murine neonatal, infant, and adult hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 170:47-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
12
|
Murganti F, Derks W, Baniol M, Simonova I, Trus P, Neumann K, Khattak S, Guan K, Bergmann O. FUCCI-Based Live Imaging Platform Reveals Cell Cycle Dynamics and Identifies Pro-proliferative Compounds in Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:840147. [PMID: 35548410 PMCID: PMC9081338 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.840147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major goals in cardiac regeneration research is to replace lost ventricular tissue with new cardiomyocytes. However, cardiomyocyte proliferation drops to low levels in neonatal hearts and is no longer efficient in compensating for the loss of functional myocardium in heart disease. We generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocyte-specific cell cycle indicator system (TNNT2-FUCCI) to characterize regular and aberrant cardiomyocyte cycle dynamics. We visualized cell cycle progression in TNNT2-FUCCI and found G2 cycle arrest in endoreplicating cardiomyocytes. Moreover, we devised a live-cell compound screening platform to identify pro-proliferative drug candidates. We found that the alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine induced cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro and increased cardiomyocyte cell cycle entry in neonatal mice. In conclusion, the TNNT2-FUCCI system is a versatile tool to characterize cardiomyocyte cell cycle dynamics and identify pro-proliferative candidates with regenerative potential in the mammalian heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wouter Derks
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marion Baniol
- Karolinska Institute, Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina Simonova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Palina Trus
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shahryar Khattak
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland (RCSI) in Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olaf Bergmann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Karolinska Institute, Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Olaf Bergmann
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carrillo García C, Becker C, Forster M, Lohmann S, Freitag P, Laufer S, Sievers S, Fleischmann BK, Hesse M, Schade D. High-Throughput Screening Platform in Postnatal Heart Cells and Chemical Probe Toolbox to Assess Cardiomyocyte Proliferation. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1505-1524. [PMID: 34818008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Restoring lost heart muscle is an attractive goal for cardiovascular regenerative medicine. One appealing strategy is the therapeutic stimulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation, which inter alia remains challenging due to available assay technologies capturing the complex biology. Here, a high-throughput-formatted phenotypic assay platform was established using rodent whole heart-derived cells to preserve the cellular environment of cardiomyocytes. Several readouts allowed the quantification of cycling cardiomyocytes, including a transgenic H2B-mCherry system for unequivocal, automated detection of cardiomyocyte nuclei. A chemical genetics approach revealed pronounced species differences and furnished pan-kinase inhibitors 5 and 36 as potent and robust inducers of endoreplication and acytokinetic mitosis. Combined profiling of the commonly used p38 MAPK inhibitors SB203580 (1), SB239063 (2) and a novel set of skepinone-L (6) derivatives pointed to off-target effects beyond p38 that might be critical for effective cardiomyocyte cytokinesis. Kinome-focused screening eventually furnished TG003 (38) as a novel candidate for stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Carrillo García
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Cora Becker
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, House 76, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lohmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Patricia Freitag
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, House 76, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD2), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Compound Management and Screening Center COMAS, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology (MPI), 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, House 76, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Pharma Center Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, House 76, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dennis Schade
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Partner Site Kiel, DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Costa A, Cushman S, Haubner BJ, Derda AA, Thum T, Bär C. Neonatal injury models: integral tools to decipher the molecular basis of cardiac regeneration. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:26. [PMID: 35503383 PMCID: PMC9064850 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial injury often leads to heart failure due to the loss and insufficient regeneration of resident cardiomyocytes. The low regenerative potential of the mammalian heart is one of the main drivers of heart failure progression, especially after myocardial infarction accompanied by large contractile muscle loss. Preclinical therapies for cardiac regeneration are promising, but clinically still missing. Mammalian models represent an excellent translational in vivo platform to test drugs and treatments for the promotion of cardiac regeneration. Particularly, short-lived mice offer the possibility to monitor the outcome of such treatments throughout the life span. Importantly, there is a short period of time in newborn mice in which the heart retains full regenerative capacity after cardiac injury, which potentially also holds true for the neonatal human heart. Thus, in vivo neonatal mouse models of cardiac injury are crucial to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiac regenerative processes and to devise novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diseased adult hearts. Here, we provide an overview of the established injury models to study cardiac regeneration. We summarize pioneering studies that demonstrate the potential of using neonatal cardiac injury models to identify factors that may stimulate heart regeneration by inducing endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation in the adult heart. To conclude, we briefly summarize studies in large animal models and the insights gained in humans, which may pave the way toward the development of novel approaches in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Costa
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,REBIRTH-Centre for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Cushman
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard J. Haubner
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria ,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anselm A. Derda
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,REBIRTH-Centre for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Bär
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,REBIRTH-Centre for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Identification and characterization of distinct cell cycle stages in cardiomyocytes using the FUCCI transgenic system. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112880. [PMID: 34655601 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory mechanism by which cardiomyocyte proliferation transitions to endoreplication and cell cycle arrest during the neonatal period is crucial for identifying proproliferative factors and developing regenerative therapies. We used a transgenic mouse model based on the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) system to isolate and characterize cycling cardiomyocytes at different cell cycle stages at a single-cell resolution. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of cycling and noncycling cardiomyocytes was performed at postnatal days 0 (P0) and 7 (P7). The FUCCI system proved to be efficient for the identification of cycling cardiomyocytes with the highest mitotic activity at birth, followed by a gradual decline in the number of cycling and mitotic cardiomyocytes during the neonatal period. Cardiomyocytes showed premature cell cycle exit at G1/S shortly after birth and delayed G1/S progression during endoreplication at P7. Single-cell RNA-seq confirmed previously described signaling pathways involved in cardiomyocyte proliferation (Erbb2 and Hippo/YAP), and maturation-related transcriptional changes during postnatal development, including the metabolic switch from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation in cardiomyocytes. Importantly, we generated transcriptional profiles specific to cell division and endoreplication in cardiomyocytes at different developmental stages that may facilitate the identification of genes important for adult cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. In conclusion, the FUCCI mouse provides a valuable system to study cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity at single cell resolution that can help to decipher the switch from cardiomyocyte proliferation to endoreplication, and to revert this process to facilitate endogenous repair.
Collapse
|
16
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Nigella sativa- and Nigella sativa Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5553022. [PMID: 34055008 PMCID: PMC8143887 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5553022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background In our lab, we demonstrated cardiac hypertrophy induced by long-term administration of Nigella sativa (Ns) with enhanced function. Therefore, we aim to investigate the molecular mechanisms of Ns-induced cardiac hypertrophy, compare it with that induced by exercise training, and explore any possible synergistic effect of these two interventions. Method Twenty adult Wistar male rats were divided into control (C), Ns-fed (N.s.), exercise-trained (Ex.), Ns-fed exercise-trained (N.s.Ex.) groups. 800 mg/kg of Ns was administered orally to N.s. rats. Ex. rats were trained on a treadmill with speed 18 m/min and grade 32° for two hours daily, and the N.s.Ex. group underwent both interventions. After 8 weeks, Immunohistochemical slides of the left ventricles were prepared using rat growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), angiotensin-II receptors 1 (AT-I), endothelin-I (ET-1), Akt-1, and Erk-1. Cell diameter and number of nuclei were measured. Results Cardiomyocyte diameter, number of nuclei, GH, and Akt were significantly higher in N.s, Ex., and N.s.Ex groups compared with the controls. IGF-I, AT-1, and ET-1 were significantly higher in Ex. rats only compared with the controls. Erk-1 was lower in N.s., Ex., and N.s.Ex. compared with the controls. Conclusion We can conclude that Ns-induced cardiac hypertrophy is mediated by the GH-IGF I-PI3P-Akt pathway. Supplementation of Ns to exercise training protocol can block the upregulation of AT-I and ET-1. The combined N.s. exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy might be a superior model of physiological cardiac hypertrophy and be used as a prophylactic therapy for athletes who are engaged in vigorous exercise activity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Derks
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (W.D., O.B.)
| | - Olaf Bergmann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (W.D., O.B.).,Karolinska Institutet, Cell and Molecular Biology, Stockholm, Sweden (O.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Proximity to injury, but neither number of nuclei nor ploidy define pathological adaptation and plasticity in cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 152:95-104. [PMID: 33290769 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart consists of mononuclear and binuclear cardiomyocytes (CMs) with various ploidies. However, it remains unclear whether a variation in ploidy or number of nuclei is associated with distinct functions and injury responses in CMs, including regeneration. Therefore, we investigated transcriptomes and cellular as well as nuclear features of mononucleated and binucleated CMs in adult mouse hearts with and without injury. To be able to identify the role of ploidy we analyzed control and failing human ventricular CMs because human CMs show a larger and disease-sensitive degree of polyploidization. Using transgenic Myh6-H2BmCh to identify mononucleated and binucleated mouse CMs, we found that cellular volume and RNA content were similar in both. On average nuclei of mononuclear CMs showed a 2-fold higher ploidy, as compared to binuclear CMs indicating that most mononuclear CMs are tetraploid. After myocardial infarction mononucleated and binucleated CMs in the border zone of the lesion responded with hypertrophy and corresponding changes in gene expression, as well as a low level of induction of cell cycle gene expression. Human CMs allowed us to study a wide range of polyploidy spanning from 2n to 16n. Notably, basal as well as pathological gene expression signatures and programs in failing CMs proved to be independent of ploidy. In summary, gene expression profiles were induced in proximity to injury, but independent of number of nuclei or ploidy levels in CMs.
Collapse
|
19
|
Adihou H, Gopalakrishnan R, Förster T, Guéret SM, Gasper R, Geschwindner S, Carrillo García C, Karatas H, Pobbati AV, Vazquez-Chantada M, Davey P, Wassvik CM, Pang JKS, Soh BS, Hong W, Chiarparin E, Schade D, Plowright AT, Valeur E, Lemurell M, Grossmann TN, Waldmann H. A protein tertiary structure mimetic modulator of the Hippo signalling pathway. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5425. [PMID: 33110077 PMCID: PMC7591920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are key protein effectors in the regulation of gene transcription, and in many cases their activity is regulated via a complex network of protein–protein interactions (PPI). The chemical modulation of transcription factor activity is a long-standing goal in drug discovery but hampered by the difficulties associated with the targeting of PPIs, in particular when extended and flat protein interfaces are involved. Peptidomimetics have been applied to inhibit PPIs, however with variable success, as for certain interfaces the mimicry of a single secondary structure element is insufficient to obtain high binding affinities. Here, we describe the design and characterization of a stabilized protein tertiary structure that acts as an inhibitor of the interaction between the transcription factor TEAD and its co-repressor VGL4, both playing a central role in the Hippo signalling pathway. Modification of the inhibitor with a cell-penetrating entity yielded a cell-permeable proteomimetic that activates cell proliferation via regulation of the Hippo pathway, highlighting the potential of protein tertiary structure mimetics as an emerging class of PPI modulators. Targeting the interaction between transcription factor TEAD and its co-repressor VGL4 is an attractive strategy to chemically modulate Hippo signaling. Here, the authors develop a proteomimetic with stabilized tertiary structure that inhibits the TEAD:VGL4 interaction in vitro and in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Adihou
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,AstraZeneca-MPI Satellite Unit, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ranganath Gopalakrishnan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,AstraZeneca-MPI Satellite Unit, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tim Förster
- AstraZeneca-MPI Satellite Unit, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stéphanie M Guéret
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,AstraZeneca-MPI Satellite Unit, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Raphael Gasper
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Geschwindner
- Structure & Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carmen Carrillo García
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hacer Karatas
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ajaybabu V Pobbati
- Department of Multi-Modal Molecular (M3) Biology, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Paul Davey
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carola M Wassvik
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang
- Disease Modelling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Seng Soh
- Disease Modelling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Department of Multi-Modal Molecular (M3) Biology, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Dennis Schade
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alleyn T Plowright
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Valeur
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Lemurell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ali SR, Nguyen D, Wang B, Jiang S, Sadek HA. Deep Learning Identifies Cardiomyocyte Nuclei With High Precision. Circ Res 2020; 127:696-698. [PMID: 32486999 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shah R Ali
- From the Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine (S.R.A., H.A.S.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Dan Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory (D.N., B.W., S.J.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Brandon Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory (D.N., B.W., S.J.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Steven Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory (D.N., B.W., S.J.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Hesham A Sadek
- From the Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine (S.R.A., H.A.S.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine (H.A.S.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Purpose of Review The typical remodeling process after cardiac injury is scarring and compensatory hypertrophy. The limited regeneration potential of the adult heart is thought to be due to the post-mitotic status of postnatal cardiomyocytes, which are mostly binucleated and/or polyploid. Nevertheless, there is evidence for cardiomyocyte turnover in the adult heart. The purpose of this review is to describe the recent findings regarding the proliferative potential of mononuclear cardiomyocytes and to evaluate their function in cardiac turnover and disease. Recent Findings There is overwhelming evidence from carbon-dating in humans and multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry in mice that there is a very low but detectable level of turnover of cardiomyocytes in the heart. The source of this renewal is not clear, but recent evidence points to a population of mononuclear, diploid cardiomyocytes that are still capable of authentic cell division. Controversy arises when their role in cardiac repair is considered, as some studies claim that they contribute to repair by cell division while other studies do not find evidence for hyperplasia but hypertrophy. Stimulation of the mononuclear cardiomyocyte population has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in cardiac disease. Summary The studies reviewed here agree on the existence of a low annual cardiomyocyte turnover rate which can be attributed to the proliferation of mononuclear cardiomyocytes. Potential roles of mononucleated cardiomyocytes in cardiac repair after injury are discussed.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The hallmark of most cardiac diseases is the progressive loss of cardiomyocytes. In the perinatal period, cardiomyocytes still proliferate, and the heart shows the capacity to regenerate upon injury. In the adult heart, however, the actual rate of cardiomyocyte renewal is too low to efficiently counteract substantial cell loss caused by cardiac injury. In mammals, cardiac growth by cell number expansion changes to growth by cardiomyocyte enlargement soon after birth, coinciding with a period in which most cardiomyocytes increase their DNA content by multinucleation and nuclear polyploidization. Although cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is often associated with these processes, whether polyploidy is a prerequisite or a consequence of hypertrophic growth is unclear. Both the benefits of cardiomyocyte enlargement over proliferative growth of the heart and the physiological role of polyploidy in cardiomyocytes are enigmatic. Interestingly, hearts in animal species with substantial cardiac regenerative capacity dominantly comprise diploid cardiomyocytes, raising the hypothesis that cardiomyocyte polyploidy poses a barrier for cardiomyocyte proliferation and subsequent heart regeneration. On the contrary, there is also evidence for self-duplication of multinucleated myocytes, suggesting a more complex picture of polyploidy in heart regeneration. Polyploidy is not restricted to the heart but also occurs in other cell types in the body. In this review, we explore the biological relevance of polyploidy in different species and tissues to acquire insight into its specific role in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we speculate about the physiological role of polyploidy in cardiomyocytes and how this might relate to renewal and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Derks
- From the Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (W.D., O.B.)
| | - Olaf Bergmann
- From the Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (W.D., O.B.).,Karolinska Institutet, Cell and Molecular Biology, Stockholm, Sweden (O.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Milliron HYY, Weiland MJ, Kort EJ, Jovinge S. Isolation of Cardiomyocytes Undergoing Mitosis With Complete Cytokinesis. Circ Res 2019; 125:1070-1086. [PMID: 31648614 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.314908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adult human cardiomyocytes do not complete cytokinesis despite passing through the S-phase of the cell cycle. As a result, polyploidization and multinucleation occur. To get a deeper understanding of the mechanisms surrounding division of cardiomyocytes, there is a crucial need for a technique to isolate cardiomyocytes that complete cell division/cytokinesis. OBJECTIVE Markers of cell cycle progression based on DNA content cannot distinguish between mitotic cardiomyocytes that fail to complete cytokinesis from those cells that undergo true cell division. With the use of molecular beacons (MBs) targeting specific mRNAs, we aimed to identify truly proliferative cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Fluorescence-activated cell sorting combined with MBs was performed to sort cardiomyocyte populations enriched for mitotic cells. Expressions of cell cycle specific genes were confirmed by means of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) combined with gene signatures of cell cycle progression. We characterized the sorted groups by proliferation assays and time-lapse microscopy which confirmed the proliferative advantage of MB-positive cell populations relative to MB-negative and G2/M populations. Gene expression analysis revealed that the MB-positive cardiomyocyte subpopulation exhibited patterns consistent with the processes of nuclear division, chromosome segregation, and transition from M to G1 phase. The use of dual-MBs targeting CDC20 and SPG20 mRNAs enabled the enrichment of cytokinetic events (CDC20highSPG20high). Interestingly, cells that did not complete cytokinesis and remained binucleated were found to be CDC20lowSPG20high while polyploid cardiomyocytes that replicated DNA but failed to complete karyokinesis were found to be CDC20lowSPG20low. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a novel alternative to existing DNA content-based approaches for sorting cardiomyocytes with true mitotic potential that can be used to study the unique dynamics of cardiomyocyte nuclei during mitosis. Our technique for sorting live cardiomyocytes undergoing cytokinesis would provide a basis for future studies to uncover mechanisms underlying the development and regeneration of heart tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yun Y Milliron
- From the DeVos Cardiovascular Program, Van Andel Research Institute and Fredrik Meijer Heart and Vascular Institute/Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI (H.Y.M., M.J.W., E.J.K., S.J.)
| | - Matthew J Weiland
- From the DeVos Cardiovascular Program, Van Andel Research Institute and Fredrik Meijer Heart and Vascular Institute/Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI (H.Y.M., M.J.W., E.J.K., S.J.)
| | - Eric J Kort
- From the DeVos Cardiovascular Program, Van Andel Research Institute and Fredrik Meijer Heart and Vascular Institute/Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI (H.Y.M., M.J.W., E.J.K., S.J.).,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing (E.J.K.)
| | - Stefan Jovinge
- From the DeVos Cardiovascular Program, Van Andel Research Institute and Fredrik Meijer Heart and Vascular Institute/Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI (H.Y.M., M.J.W., E.J.K., S.J.).,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (S.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
In mammals, most cardiomyocytes (CMs) become polyploid (they have more than two complete sets of chromosomes). The purpose of this review is to evaluate assumptions about CM ploidy that are commonly discussed, even if not experimentally demonstrated, and to highlight key issues that are still to be resolved. Topics discussed here include (a) technical and conceptual difficulties in defining a polyploid CM, (b) the candidate role of reactive oxygen as a proximal trigger for the onset of polyploidy, (c) the relationship between polyploidization and other aspects of CM maturation, (d) recent insights related to the regenerative role of the subpopulation of CMs that are not polyploid, and (e) speculations as to why CMs become polyploid at all. New approaches to experimentally manipulate CM ploidy may resolve some of these long-standing and fundamental questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiheng Gan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology and Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA; .,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Henry M Sucov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology and Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hesse M, Doengi M, Becker A, Kimura K, Voeltz N, Stein V, Fleischmann BK. Midbody Positioning and Distance Between Daughter Nuclei Enable Unequivocal Identification of Cardiomyocyte Cell Division in Mice. Circ Res 2019; 123:1039-1052. [PMID: 30355161 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE New strategies in the field of cardiac regeneration are directed at identifying proliferation-inducing substances to induce regrowth of myocardium. Current screening assays utilize neonatal cardiomyocytes and markers for cytokinesis, such as Aurora B-kinase. However, detection of cardiomyocyte division is complicated because of cell cycle variants, in particular, binucleation. OBJECTIVE To analyze the process of cardiomyocyte binucleation to identify definitive discriminators for cell cycle variants and authentic cardiomyocyte division. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein, we demonstrate by direct visualization of the contractile ring and midbody in Myh6 (myosin, heavy chain 6)-eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein)-anillin transgenic mice that cardiomyocyte binucleation starts by formation of a contractile ring. This is followed by irregular positioning of the midbody and movement of the 2 nuclei into close proximity to each other. In addition, the widespread used marker Aurora B-kinase was found to also label binucleating cardiomyocytes, complicating the interpretation of existing screening assays. Instead, atypical midbody positioning and the distance of daughter nuclei on karyokinesis are bona fide markers for cardiomyocyte binucleation enabling to unequivocally discern such events from cardiomyocyte division in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The 2 criteria provide a new method for identifying cardiomyocyte division and should be considered in future studies investigating cardiomyocyte turnover and regeneration after injury, in particular in the postnatal heart to prevent the assignment of false positive proliferation events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hesse
- From the Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty (M.H., A.B., K.K., N.V., B.K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Doengi
- Institute of Physiology II (M.D., V.S.), University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Becker
- From the Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty (M.H., A.B., K.K., N.V., B.K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Kenichi Kimura
- From the Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty (M.H., A.B., K.K., N.V., B.K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadine Voeltz
- From the Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty (M.H., A.B., K.K., N.V., B.K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Valentin Stein
- Institute of Physiology II (M.D., V.S.), University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- From the Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty (M.H., A.B., K.K., N.V., B.K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany.,Pharma Center Bonn (B.K.F.), University of Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Kadow
- From the Program in Developmental Biology (Z.A.K., J.F.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX
| | - James F Martin
- From the Program in Developmental Biology (Z.A.K., J.F.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.F.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX.,Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (J.F.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Broughton KM, Sussman MA. Adult Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle Detour: Off-ramp to Quiescent Destinations. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:557-567. [PMID: 31262545 PMCID: PMC6703820 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ability to promote completion of mitotic cycling of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes remains an intractable and vexing challenge, despite being one of the most sought after 'holy grails' of cardiovascular research. While some of the struggle is attributable to adult cardiomyocytes themselves that are notoriously post-mitotic, another contributory factor rests with difficulty in definitive tracking of adult cardiomyocyte cell cycle and lack of rigorous measures to track proliferation in situ. This review summarizes past, present, and future directions to promote adult mammalian cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression, proliferation, and renewal. Establishing relationship(s) between cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression and cellular biological properties is sorely needed to understand the mechanistic basis for cardiomyocyte cell cycle withdrawal to enhance cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression and mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Broughton
- San Diego State University, Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego State University, Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Advances in heart regeneration based on cardiomyocyte proliferation and regenerative potential of binucleated cardiomyocytes and polyploidization. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1229-1253. [PMID: 31175264 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One great achievement in medical practice is the reduction in acute mortality of myocardial infarction due to identifying risk factors, antiplatelet therapy, optimized hospitalization and acute percutaneous coronary intervention. Yet, the prevalence of heart failure is increasing presenting a major socio-economic burden. Thus, there is a great need for novel therapies that can reverse damage inflicted to the heart. In recent years, data have accumulated suggesting that induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation might be a future option for cardiac regeneration. Here, we review the relevant literature since September 2015 concluding that it remains a challenge to verify that a therapy induces indeed cardiomyocyte proliferation. Most importantly, it is unclear that the detected increase in cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity is required for an associated improved function. In addition, we review the literature regarding the evidence that binucleated and polyploid mononucleated cardiomyocytes can divide, and put this in context to other cell types. Our analysis shows that there is significant evidence that binucleated cardiomyocytes can divide. Yet, it remains elusive whether also polyploid mononucleated cardiomyocytes can divide, how efficient proliferation of binucleated cardiomyocytes can be induced, what mechanism regulates cell cycle progression in these cells, and what fate and physiological properties the daughter cells have. In summary, we propose to standardize and independently validate cardiac regeneration studies, encourage the field to study the proliferative potential of binucleated and polyploid mononucleated cardiomyocytes, and to determine whether induction of polyploidization can enhance cardiac function post-injury.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cardiomyocyte cell cycle dynamics and proliferation revealed through cardiac-specific transgenesis of fluorescent ubiquitinated cell cycle indicator (FUCCI). J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 127:154-164. [PMID: 30571978 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Understanding and manipulating the cardiomyocyte cell cycle has been the focus of decades of research, however the ultimate goal of activating mitotic activity in adult mammalian cardiomyocytes remains elusive and controversial. The relentless pursuit of controlling cardiomyocyte mitosis has been complicated and obfuscated by a multitude of indices used as evidence of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity that lack clear identification of cardiomyocyte "proliferation" versus cell cycle progression, endoreplication, endomitosis, and even DNA damage. Unambiguous appreciation of the complexity of cardiomyocyte replication that avoids oversimplification and misinterpretation is desperately needed. OBJECTIVE Track cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and authenticate fidelity of proliferation markers as indicators of de novo cardiomyogenesis in post-mitotic cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiomyocytes expressing the FUCCI construct driven by the α-myosin heavy chain promoter were readily and uniformly detected through the myocardium of transgenic mice. Cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity peaks at postnatal day 2 and rapidly declines thereafter with almost all cardiomyocytes arrested at the G1/S cell cycle transition. Myocardial infarction injury in adult hearts prompts transient small increases in myocytes progressing through cell cycle without concurrent mitotic activity, indicating lack of cardiomyogenesis. In comparison, cardiomyogenic activity during early postnatal development correlated with coincidence of FUCCI and cKit+ cells that were undetectable in the adult myocardium. CONCLUSIONS Cardiomyocyte-specific expression of Fluorescence Ubiquitination-based Cell Cycle Indicators (FUCCI) reveals previously unappreciated aspects of cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest and biological activity in postnatal development and in response to pathologic damage. Compared to many other methods and model systems, the FUCCI transgenic (FUCCI-Tg) mouse represents a valuable tool to unambiguously track cell cycle and proliferation of the entire cardiomyocyte population in the adult murine heart. FUCCI-Tg provides a desperately needed novel approach in the armamentarium of tools to validate cardiomyocyte proliferative activity that will reveal cell cycle progression, discriminate between cycle progression, DNA replication, and proliferation, and provide important insight for enhancing cardiomyocyte proliferation in the context of adult myocardial tissue.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang D, Xi J, Xing Y, Tang X, Dai X, Li K, Li H, Lv X, Lu D, Wang H. A new method for neonatal rat ventricular myocyte purification using superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. Int J Cardiol 2018; 270:293-301. [PMID: 29908831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) have proven to be an ideal research model for cardiac disease. However, the current methods to purify NRVMs have a limitation to obtain high purity. The purpose of this study was to develop a NRVM purification method by using superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SIOP). METHODS NRVMs were purified by using SIOP (SIOP group). The differential attachment with or without bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) treatment served as control and BrdU groups, respectively. The Percoll gradient (Percoll) and magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) methods were performed to compare the purity and viability of NRVMs with SIOP method. RESULTS The SIOP group enriched NRVMs up to 93.9 ± 2.0% purity determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and 95.6 ± 1.3% by immunofluorescence count (IF). In contrast, the control group gave purities of 71.9 ± 2.9% (by FCM) and 66.8 ± 8.9% (by IF), and the BrdU group obtained 82.0 ± 1.3% (by FCM) and 83.1 ± 2.4% (by IF). The purity of SIOP-isolated NRVMs was not different from that of Percoll and MACS groups. However, the cardiomyocytes separated by these methods, except SIOP protocol, were mixed with intrinsic cardiac adrenergic cells. NRVMs purified by SIOP shaped the similar three-dimensional morphology, with no difference in cell yield, viability and cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis at 24 h after isolation compared with NRVMs in other groups. Furthermore, SIOP-purified NRVMs retained the responses to phenylephrine and lipopolysaccharide challenge. CONCLUSION We first reported an efficient and novel method to purify NRVMs using SIOP, which may help accelerate innovative research in the field of cardiomyocyte biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duomeng Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Junmin Xi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangxu Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomeng Dai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaiying Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuxiu Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Daxiang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lázár E, Sadek HA, Bergmann O. Cardiomyocyte renewal in the human heart: insights from the fall-out. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:2333-2342. [PMID: 28810672 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of the mammalian heart to regenerate cardiomyocytes has been debated over the last decades. However, limitations in existing techniques to track and identify nascent cardiomyocytes have often led to inconsistent results. Radiocarbon (14C) birth dating, in combination with other quantitative strategies, allows to establish the number and age of human cardiomyocytes, making it possible to describe their age distribution and turnover dynamics. Accurate estimates of cardiomyocyte generation in the adult heart can provide the foundation for novel regenerative strategies that aim to stimulate cardiomyocyte renewal in various cardiac pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Lázár
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm SE 171 65, Sweden
| | - Hesham A Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Olaf Bergmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm SE 171 65, Sweden.,DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, Dresden, D-01307, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Knott MH, Haskell SE, Strawser PE, Rice OM, Bonthius NT, Movva VC, Reinking BE, Roghair RD. Neonatal Growth Restriction Slows Cardiomyocyte Development and Reduces Adult Heart Size. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1398-1404. [PMID: 29729218 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prematurity is associated with reduced cardiac dimensions and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. While prematurity is typically associated with ex utero neonatal growth restriction (GR), the independent effect of neonatal GR on cardiac development has not been established. We tested the hypothesis that isolated neonatal GR decreases cardiomyocyte growth and proliferation, leading to long-term alterations in cardiac morphology. C57BL/6 mice were fostered in litters ranging in size from 6 to 12 pups to accentuate normal variation in neonatal growth. Regardless of litter size, GR was defined by a weight below the 10th percentile. On postnatal day 8, Ki67 immunoreactivity, cardiomyocyte nucleation status and cardiomyocyte profile area were assessed. For adult mice, cardiomyocyte area was determined, along with cardiac dimensions by echocardiography and cardiac fibrosis by Masson's trichrome stain. On day 8, cardiomyocytes from GR versus control mice were significantly smaller and less likely to be binucleated with evidence of persistent cell cycle activity. As adults, GR mice continued to have smaller cardiomyocytes, as well as decreased left ventricular volumes without signs of fibrosis. Neonatal GR reduces cardiomyocyte size, delays the completion of binucleation, and leads to long-term alterations in cardiac morphology. Clinical studies are needed to ascertain whether these results translate to preterm infants that must continue to grow and mature in the midst of the increased circulatory demands that accompany their premature transition to an ex utero existence. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah E Haskell
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Olivia M Rice
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Vani C Movva
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cytoprotective effects of transgenic neuroglobin overexpression in an acute and chronic mouse model of ischemic heart disease. Heart Vessels 2017; 33:80-88. [PMID: 29098407 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-1065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (NGB) is an oxygen-binding protein that is mainly expressed in nervous tissues where it is considered to be neuroprotective during ischemic brain injury. Interestingly, transgenic mice overexpressing NGB reveal cytoprotective effects on tissues lacking endogenous NGB, which might indicate a therapeutic role for NGB in a broad range of ischemic conditions. In the present study, we investigated the effect of NGB overexpression on survival as well as on the size and occurrence of myocardial infarctions (MI) in a mouse model of acute MI (AMI) and a model of advanced atherosclerosis (ApoE -/- Fbn1 C1039G+/- mice), in which coronary plaques and MI develop in mice being fed a Western-type diet. Overexpression of NGB significantly enhanced post-AMI survival and reduced MI size by 14% 1 week after AMI. Gene expression analysis of the infarction border showed reduction of tissue hypoxia and attenuation of hypoxia-induced inflammatory pathways, which might be responsible for these beneficial effects. In contrast, NGB overexpression did not affect survival or occurrence of MI in the atherosclerotic mice although the incidence of coronary plaques was significantly reduced. In conclusion, NGB proved to act cytoprotectively during MI in the acute setting while this effect was less pronounced in the atherosclerosis model.
Collapse
|
34
|
Graham E, Bergmann O. Dating the Heart: Exploring Cardiomyocyte Renewal in Humans. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:33-41. [PMID: 27927803 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00015.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative mechanisms reported in the hearts of lower vertebrates have been recapitulated in the mammalian milieu, and recent studies have provided strong evidence for cardiomyocyte turnover in humans. These findings speak to an emerging consensus that adult mammalian cardiomyocytes do have the ability to divide, and it stands to reason that enrichment of this innate proliferative capacity should prove essential for complete cardiac regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Graham
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Olaf Bergmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and.,DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hesse M, Welz A, Fleischmann BK. Heart regeneration and the cardiomyocyte cell cycle. Pflugers Arch 2017; 470:241-248. [PMID: 28849267 PMCID: PMC5780532 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and in particular, heart failure are still main causes of death; therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Loss of contractile substrate in the heart and limited regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes are mainly responsible for the poor cardiovascular outcome. This is related to the postmitotic state of differentiated cardiomyocytes, which is partly due to their polyploid nature caused by cell cycle variants. As such, the cardiomyocyte cell cycle is a key player, and its manipulation could be a promising strategy for enhancing the plasticity of the heart by inducing cardiomyocyte proliferation. This review focuses on the cardiac cell cycle and its variants during postnatal growth, the different regenerative responses of the heart in dependance of the developmental stage and on manipulations of the cell cycle. Because a therapeutic goal is to induce authentic cell division in cardiomyocytes, recent experimental approaches following this strategy are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany. .,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Armin Welz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany. .,Pharma Center Bonn, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Raulf A, Voeltz N, Korzus D, Fleischmann BK, Hesse M. Visualization of Cell Cycle Variations and Determination of Nucleation in Postnatal Cardiomyocytes. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28287537 DOI: 10.3791/55204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are prone to variations of the cell cycle, such as endoreduplication (continuing rounds of DNA synthesis without karyokinesis and cytokinesis) and acytokinetic mitosis (karyokinesis but no cytokinesis). Such atypical cell cycle variations result in polyploid and multinucleated cells rather than in cell division. Therefore, to determine cardiac turnover and regeneration, it is of crucial importance to correctly identify cardiomyocyte nuclei, the number of nuclei per cell, and their cell cycle status. This is especially true for the use of nuclear markers for identifying cell cycle activity, such as thymidine analogues Ki-67, PCNA, or pHH3. Here, we present methods for recognizing cardiomyocytes and their nuclearity and for determining their cell cycle activity. We use two published transgenic systems: the Myh6-H2B-mCh transgenic mouse line, for the unequivocal identification of cardiomyocyte nuclei, and the CAG-eGFP-anillin mouse line, for distinguishing cell division from cell cycle variations. Combined together, these two systems ease the study of cardiac regeneration and plasticity.
Collapse
|
37
|
Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhu Zhou
- From the Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (P.Z., W.T.P.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - William T Pu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (P.Z., W.T.P.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.).
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Bergmann
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (O.B.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.B.)
| | - Thomas Braun
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (O.B.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.B.).
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- From the Gene Expression Laboratory, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA (M.L., J.C.I.B.); and Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Campus de los Jerónimos, Murcia, Spain (M.L.)
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- From the Gene Expression Laboratory, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA (M.L., J.C.I.B.); and Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Campus de los Jerónimos, Murcia, Spain (M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Preissl S, Schwaderer M, Raulf A, Hesse M, Grüning BA, Köbele C, Backofen R, Fleischmann BK, Hein L, Gilsbach R. Deciphering the Epigenetic Code of Cardiac Myocyte Transcription. Circ Res 2015; 117:413-23. [PMID: 26105955 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for cell identity and transcriptional control. The heart consists of different cell types, including cardiac myocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and others. Therefore, cell type-specific analysis is needed to gain mechanistic insight into the regulation of gene expression in cardiac myocytes. Although cytosolic mRNA represents steady-state levels, nuclear mRNA more closely reflects transcriptional activity. To unravel epigenetic mechanisms of transcriptional control, cell type-specific analysis of nuclear mRNA and epigenetic modifications is crucial. OBJECTIVE The aim was to purify cardiac myocyte nuclei from hearts of different species by magnetic- or fluorescent-assisted sorting and to determine the nuclear and cellular RNA expression profiles and epigenetic marks in a cardiac myocyte-specific manner. METHODS AND RESULTS Frozen cardiac tissue samples were used to isolate cardiac myocyte nuclei. High sorting purity was confirmed for cardiac myocyte nuclei isolated from mice, rats, and humans. Deep sequencing of nuclear RNA revealed a major fraction of nascent, unspliced RNA in contrast to results obtained from purified cardiac myocytes. Cardiac myocyte nuclear and cellular RNA expression profiles showed differences, especially for metabolic genes. Genome-wide maps of the transcriptional elongation mark H3K36me3 were generated by chromatin-immunoprecipitation. Transcriptome and epigenetic data confirmed the high degree of cardiac myocyte-specificity of our protocol. An integrative analysis of nuclear mRNA and histone mark occurrence indicated a major impact of the chromatin state on transcriptional activity in cardiac myocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes cardiac myocyte-specific sorting of nuclei as a universal method to investigate epigenetic and transcriptional processes in cardiac myocytes of different origins. These data sets provide novel insight into cardiac myocyte transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Preissl
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.P., M.S., C.K., L.H., R.G.), and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science (B.A.G., R.B.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (A.R., M.H., B.K.F.); Pharma Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany (B.K.F.); and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (L.H.)
| | - Martin Schwaderer
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.P., M.S., C.K., L.H., R.G.), and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science (B.A.G., R.B.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (A.R., M.H., B.K.F.); Pharma Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany (B.K.F.); and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (L.H.)
| | - Alexandra Raulf
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.P., M.S., C.K., L.H., R.G.), and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science (B.A.G., R.B.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (A.R., M.H., B.K.F.); Pharma Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany (B.K.F.); and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (L.H.)
| | - Michael Hesse
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.P., M.S., C.K., L.H., R.G.), and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science (B.A.G., R.B.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (A.R., M.H., B.K.F.); Pharma Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany (B.K.F.); and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (L.H.)
| | - Björn A Grüning
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.P., M.S., C.K., L.H., R.G.), and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science (B.A.G., R.B.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (A.R., M.H., B.K.F.); Pharma Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany (B.K.F.); and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (L.H.)
| | - Claudia Köbele
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.P., M.S., C.K., L.H., R.G.), and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science (B.A.G., R.B.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (A.R., M.H., B.K.F.); Pharma Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany (B.K.F.); and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (L.H.)
| | - Rolf Backofen
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.P., M.S., C.K., L.H., R.G.), and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science (B.A.G., R.B.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (A.R., M.H., B.K.F.); Pharma Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany (B.K.F.); and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (L.H.)
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.P., M.S., C.K., L.H., R.G.), and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science (B.A.G., R.B.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (A.R., M.H., B.K.F.); Pharma Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany (B.K.F.); and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (L.H.)
| | - Lutz Hein
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.P., M.S., C.K., L.H., R.G.), and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science (B.A.G., R.B.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (A.R., M.H., B.K.F.); Pharma Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany (B.K.F.); and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (L.H.).
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.P., M.S., C.K., L.H., R.G.), and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science (B.A.G., R.B.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (A.R., M.H., B.K.F.); Pharma Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany (B.K.F.); and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (L.H.).
| |
Collapse
|