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Dergilev K, Gureenkov A, Parfyonova Y. Autophagy as a Guardian of Vascular Niche Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10097. [PMID: 39337582 PMCID: PMC11432168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden of vascular dysfunction on healthcare systems worldwide results in higher morbidity and mortality rates across pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases. Vasculopathy is suggested to be caused by the dysregulation of vascular niches, a microenvironment of vascular structures comprising anatomical structures, extracellular matrix components, and various cell populations. These elements work together to ensure accurate control of the vascular network. In recent years, autophagy has been recognized as a crucial regulator of the vascular microenvironment responsible for maintaining basic cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation, replicative senescence, and apoptosis. Experimental studies indicate that autophagy activation can be enhanced or inhibited in various pathologies associated with vascular dysfunction, suggesting that autophagy plays both beneficial and detrimental roles. Here, we review and assess the principles of autophagy organization and regulation in non-tumor vascular niches. Our analysis focuses on significant figures in the vascular microenvironment, highlighting the role of autophagy and summarizing evidence that supports the systemic or multiorgan nature of the autophagy effects. Finally, we discuss the critical organizational and functional aspects of the vasculogenic niche, specifically in relation to autophagy. The resulting dysregulation of the vascular microenvironment contributes to the development of vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Dergilev
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandre Gureenkov
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yelena Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Wen YP, Fu HJ, Chen Q, Lan C, Qin DL, Wu JM, Wu AG, Zhou XG. Exploring the therapeutic potential of Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract against amyloid-beta-induced toxicity in the Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1408031. [PMID: 38983916 PMCID: PMC11232431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1408031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a critical global health challenge with limited therapeutic options, prompting the exploration of alternative strategies. A key pathology in AD involves amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation, and targeting both Aβ aggregation and oxidative stress is crucial for effective intervention. Natural compounds from medicinal and food sources have emerged as potential preventive and therapeutic agents, with Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract (NLE) showing promising properties. Methods: In this study, we utilized transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) models to investigate the potential of NLE in countering AD and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Various assays were employed to assess paralysis rates, food-searching capabilities, Aβ aggregate accumulation, oxidative stress, lifespan under stress conditions, and the expression of stress-resistance-related proteins. Additionally, autophagy induction was evaluated by measuring P62 levels and the formation of LGG-1+ structures, with RNAi-mediated inhibition of autophagy-related genes to confirm the mechanisms involved. Results: The results demonstrated that NLE significantly reduced paralysis rates in CL4176 and CL2006 worms while enhancing food-searching capabilities in CL2355 worms. NLE also attenuated Aβ aggregate accumulation and mitigated Aβ-induced oxidative stress in C. elegans. Furthermore, NLE extended the lifespan of worms under oxidative and thermal stress conditions, while concurrently increasing the expression of stress-resistance-related proteins, including SOD-3, GST-4, HSP-4, and HSP-6. Moreover, NLE induced autophagy in C. elegans, as evidenced by reduced P62 levels in BC12921 worms and the formation of LGG-1+ structures in DA2123 worms. The RNAi-mediated inhibition of autophagy-related genes, such as bec-1 and vps-34, negated the protective effects of NLE against Aβ-induced paralysis and aggregate accumulation. Discussion: These findings suggest that NLE ameliorates Aβ-induced toxicity by activating autophagy in C. elegans. The study underscores the potential of NLE as a promising candidate for further investigation in AD management, offering multifaceted approaches to mitigate AD-related pathology and stress-related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Wen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Jun Fu
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Nanchong Food and Drug Inspection Institute, Nanchong, China
| | - Cai Lan
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Da-Lian Qin
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhou
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
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Tsuruta H, Yamahara K, Yasuda-Yamahara M, Kume S. Emerging Pathophysiological Roles of Ketone Bodies. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38260943 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00031.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of insulin approximately a century ago greatly improved the management of diabetes, including many of its life-threatening acute complications like ketoacidosis. This breakthrough saved many lives and extended the healthy lifespan of many patients with diabetes. However, there is still a negative perception of ketone bodies stemming from ketoacidosis. Originally, ketone bodies were thought of as a vital source of energy during fasting and exercise. Furthermore, in recent years, research on calorie restriction and its potential impact on extending healthy lifespans, as well as studies on ketone bodies, have gradually led to a reevaluation of the significance of ketone bodies in promoting longevity. Thus, in this review, we discuss the emerging and hidden roles of ketone bodies in various organs, including the heart, kidneys, skeletal muscles, and brain, as well as their potential impact on malignancies and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tsuruta
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamahara
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mako Yasuda-Yamahara
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shinji Kume
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Zhou G, Liu P, Zhang C, Huang Q, Zhao Z, Wu S, Li D, Liu H. HDAC2 counteracts vascular calcification by activating autophagy in chronic kidney disease. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23470. [PMID: 38354035 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301429r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality, with a significant prevalence in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Pharmacological inhibition of histone acetyltransferase has been proven to protect against from vascular calcification. However, the role of Histone Deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and molecular mechanisms in vascular calcification of CKD remains unknown. An in vivo model of CKD was established using mouse fed with a high adenine and phosphate diet, and an in vitro model was produced using human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated with β-glycerophosphate (β-GP). HDAC2 expression was found to be reduced in medial artery of CKD mice and β-GP-induced VSMCs. Overexpression of HDAC2 attenuated OPN and OCN upregulation, α-SMA and SM22α downregulation, and calcium deposition in aortas of CKD. The in vitro results also demonstrated that β-GP-induced osteogenic differentiation was inhibited by HDAC2. Furthermore, we found that HDAC2 overexpression caused an increase in LC3II/I, a decrease in p62, and an induction of autophagic flux. Inhibition of autophagy using its specific inhibitor 3-MA blocked HDAC2's protective effect on osteogenic differentiation in β-GP-treated VSMCs. Taken together, these results suggest that HDAC2 may protect against vascular calcification by the activation of autophagy, laying out a novel insight for the molecular mechanism in vascular calcification of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pai Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zixia Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Detian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Lv M, Zhu X, You Y, Fan S, Chai R, Cheng T, Xue W, Shi S, Hu Y. Knowledge domain and emerging trends of autophagy in cardiovascular research: A bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36811. [PMID: 38215119 PMCID: PMC10783360 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is essential for the homeostasis and function of the cardiovascular system. Citespace is a visual analysis software developed in the context of scientometrics and data visualization. The purpose of this study is to use Citespace software to conduct bibliometric and visual analysis of the research on autophagy in cardiovascular diseases, identify the current status, hot spots and trends in this field, help researchers clarify the future research focus and direction of autophagy in cardiovascular diseases, and provide more positive and broader ideas for the treatment and drug development of cardiovascular diseases. METHODS In the Web of Science Core Collection database to download the data from 2004 to 2022 regarding autophagy in cardiovascular research. CitespaceV was used to collect the research status, hotspots and development trends for visual analysis. RESULTS The 3568 articles were published by 547 authors from 397 institutions in 75 countries. From 2004 to 2021, the annual publications increased over time. The top 3 productive nations were China, the United States, and Germany. The leading institution was China's Fudan University. The most cited paper is Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition). The research hotpots include monitoring methods for autophagy activity, changes in autophagy levels in different types of cardiovascular diseases, autophagy signal transduction mechanism in cardiovascular diseases, etc. CONCLUSION Bibliometric analysis provided valuable information for autophagy research in cardiovascular disease, which is full of opportunities and challenges. The research of autophagy in the field of cardiovascular diseases is still worthy of in-depth exploration. A challenge with autophagy-targeted therapies is their dichotomy in which the goal is to target maladaptive autophagy while maintaining a baseline level of cell survival to optimize a beneficial outcome. It is necessary for scientists to develop new methods to evaluate the level of autophagy from basic application to human body and reveal the signaling mechanism of autophagy in different types of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lv
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping You
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Fan
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoning Chai
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Xue
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu J, Liu C, Chen H, Cen H, Yang H, Liu P, Liu F, Ma L, Chen Q, Wang L. Tongguan capsule for treating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: integrating network pharmacology and mechanism study. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:437-448. [PMID: 36789620 PMCID: PMC9937005 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2175877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although Tongguan capsule (TGC) is used in the treatment of coronary atherosclerotic disease, the exact mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Network pharmacology and experimental validation were applied to examine the mechanism of TGC for treating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The components and candidate targets were searched based on various databases such as TCMSP, TCMID, BATMAN-TCM. The binding ability was determined by molecular docking. The ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model was constructed by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. APOE-/- mice were divided into three groups (n = 6): Sham group, I/R group, and TGC group (1 g/kg/d). To further verification, HCAEC cells were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) to establish in vitro model. RESULTS The compounds, such as quercetin, luteolin, tanshinone IIA, kaempferol and bifendate, were obtained after screening. The affinity values of the components with GSK-3β, mTOR, Beclin-1, and LC3 were all <-5 kcal/mol. In vivo, TGC improved LVEF and FS, reducing infarct size. In vitro, Hoechst 33258 staining result showed TGC inhibited apoptosis. Compare with the H/R model, TGC treatment increased the levels of GSK-3β, LC3, and Beclin1, while decreasing the expression of mTOR and p62 (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The findings revealed that TGC exerted a cardioprotective effect by up regulating autophagy-related proteins through the mTOR pathway, which may be a therapeutic option for MIRI. However, there are still some limitations in this research. It is necessary to search more databases to obtain information and further demonstrated through randomized controlled trials for generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Chunping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Huiqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peijian Liu
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanfu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Barmaki H, Nourazarian A, Khaki-Khatibi F. Proteostasis and neurodegeneration: a closer look at autophagy in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1281338. [PMID: 38020769 PMCID: PMC10652403 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1281338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of misfolded amyloid-beta and tau proteins. Autophagy acts as a proteostasis process to remove protein clumps, although it progressively weakens with aging and AD, thus facilitating the accumulation of toxic proteins and causing neurodegeneration. This review examines the impact of impaired autophagy on the progression of AD disease pathology. Under normal circumstances, autophagy removes abnormal proteins and damaged organelles, but any dysfunction in this process can lead to the exacerbation of amyloid and tau pathology, particularly in AD. There is increasing attention to therapeutic tactics to revitalize autophagy, including reduced caloric intake, autophagy-stimulating drugs, and genetic therapy. However, the translation of these strategies into clinical practice faces several hurdles. In summary, this review integrates the understanding of the intricate role of autophagy dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease progression and reinforces the promising prospects of autophagy as a beneficial target for treatments to modify the course of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Barmaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khaki-Khatibi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Dai M, Li K, Sacirovic M, Zemmrich C, Buschmann E, Ritter O, Bramlage P, Persson AB, Buschmann I, Hillmeister P. Autophagy-related genes analysis reveals potential biomarkers for prediction of the impaired walking capacity of peripheral arterial disease. BMC Med 2023; 21:186. [PMID: 37198605 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of autophagy and autophagy-related genes in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains unknown and may be of diagnostic and prognostic value. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between autophagy and PAD, and identify potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for medical practice. METHODS Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes in PAD were explored from GSE57691 and validated in our WalkByLab registry participants by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The level of autophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of WalkByLab participants was assessed by analyzing autophagic marker proteins (beclin-1, P62, LC3B). Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to evaluate the immune microenvironment within the artery wall of PAD patients and healthy persons. Chemokine antibody array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to assess the chemokines in participants' plasma. Treadmill testing with Gardner protocol was used to evaluate participants' walking capacity. Pain-free walking distance, maximum walking distance, and walking time were recorded. Finally, a nomogram model based on logistic regression was built to predict impaired walking performance. RESULTS A total of 20 relevant autophagy-related genes were identified, and these genes were confirmed to be expressed at low levels in our PAD participants. Western blotting demonstrated that the expression of autophagic marker proteins beclin-1 and LC3BII were significantly reduced in PAD patients' PBMCs. ssGSEA revealed that most of the autophagy-related genes were strongly correlated with immune function, with the largest number of associated genes showing interaction between cytokine-and-cytokine receptors (CCR). In this context, the chemokines growth-related oncogene (GRO) and neutrophil activating protein2 (NAP2) are highly expressed in the plasma of WalkByLab PAD patients and were significantly negatively correlated with the walking distance assessed by Gardner treadmill testing. Finally, the plasma NAP2 level (AUC: 0.743) and derived nomogram model (AUC: 0.860) has a strong predictive potential to identify a poor walking capacity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data highlight both the important role of autophagy and autophagy-related genes in PAD and link them to vascular inflammation (expression of chemokines). In particular, chemokine NAP2 emerged as a novel biomarker that can be used to predict the impaired walking capacity in PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Dai
- Center for Internal Medicine 1, Department for Angiology, Deutsches Angiologie Zentrum (DAZB), Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, University Clinic Brandenburg, Hochstrasse 29, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kangbo Li
- Center for Internal Medicine 1, Department for Angiology, Deutsches Angiologie Zentrum (DAZB), Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, University Clinic Brandenburg, Hochstrasse 29, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mesud Sacirovic
- Center for Internal Medicine 1, Department for Angiology, Deutsches Angiologie Zentrum (DAZB), Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, University Clinic Brandenburg, Hochstrasse 29, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Claudia Zemmrich
- Center for Internal Medicine 1, Department for Angiology, Deutsches Angiologie Zentrum (DAZB), Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, University Clinic Brandenburg, Hochstrasse 29, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Cloppenburg, Germany
| | - Eva Buschmann
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinic Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Ritter
- Department for Cardiology, Center for Internal Medicine I, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University Clinic Brandenburg, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Bramlage
- Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Cloppenburg, Germany
| | - Anja Bondke Persson
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivo Buschmann
- Center for Internal Medicine 1, Department for Angiology, Deutsches Angiologie Zentrum (DAZB), Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, University Clinic Brandenburg, Hochstrasse 29, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Philipp Hillmeister
- Center for Internal Medicine 1, Department for Angiology, Deutsches Angiologie Zentrum (DAZB), Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, University Clinic Brandenburg, Hochstrasse 29, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Potsdam, Germany.
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Streptococcal arginine deiminase regulates endothelial inflammation, mTOR pathway and autophagy. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152344. [PMID: 36746072 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) are active participants in the inflammation process. During the infection, the change in endothelium properties provides the leukocyte infiltrate formation and restrains pathogen dissemination due to coagulation control. Pathogenic microbes are able to change the endothelium properties and functions in order to invade the bloodstream and disseminate in the host organism. Arginine deiminase (ADI), a bacterial arginine-hydrolyzing enzyme, which causes the amino acid deficiency, important for endothelium biology. Previous research implicates altered metabolism of arginine in the development of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. It was shown that arginine deficiency, as well as overabundance affects the balance of mechanical target of rapamycin (mTOR)/S6 kinase (S6K) pathway, arginase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and EC activation. ADI creating a deficiency of arginine can interfere cellular arginine-dependent processes. Thus, this study was aimed at investigation of the influence of streptococcal ADI on the metabolism and inflammations of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The action of ADI was studied by comparing the effect Streptococcus pyogenes M49-16 paternal strain expressing ADI and its isogenic mutant M49-16delArcA with the inactivated gene ArcA. Based on comparison of the parental and mutant strain effects, it can be concluded, that ADI suppressed mTOR signaling pathway and enhanced autophagy. The processes failed to return to the basic level with arginine supplement. Our study also demonstrates that ADI suppressed endothelial proliferation, disrupted actin cytoskeleton structure, increased phospho-NF-κB p65, CD62P, CD106, CD54, CD142 inflammatory molecules expression, IL-6 production and lymphocytes-endothelial adhesion. In spite of the ADI-mediated decrease in arginine concentration in the cell-conditioned medium, the enzyme enhanced the production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells. Arginine supplementation rescued proliferation, actin cytoskeleton structure, brought NO production to baseline and prevented EC activation. Additional evidence for the important role of arginine bioavailability in the EC biology was obtained. The results allow us to consider bacterial ADI as a pathogenicity factor that can potentially affect the functions of endothelium.
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Xiang H, Liu R, Zhang X, An R, Zhou M, Tan C, Li Q, Su M, Guo C, Zhou L, Li Y, Wang R. Discovery of Small-Molecule Autophagy Inhibitors by Disrupting the Protein-Protein Interactions Involving Autophagy-Related 5. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2457-2476. [PMID: 36749313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One possible strategy for modulating autophagy is to disrupt the critical protein-protein interactions (PPIs) formed during this process. Our attention is on the autophagy-related 12 (ATG12)-autophagy-related 5 (ATG5)-autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) heterotrimer complex, which is responsible for ATG8 translocation from ATG3 to phosphatidylethanolamine. In this work, we discovered a compound with an (E)-3-(2-furanylmethylene)-2-pyrrolidinone core moiety (T1742) that blocked the ATG5-ATG16L1 and ATG5-TECAIR interactions in the in vitro binding assay (IC50 = 1-2 μM) and also exhibited autophagy inhibition in cellular assays. The possible binding mode of T1742 to ATG5 was predicted through molecular modeling, and a batch of derivatives sharing essentially the same core moiety were synthesized and tested. The outcomes of the in vitro binding assay and the flow cytometry assay of those newly synthesized compounds were generally consistent. This work has validated our central hypothesis that small-molecule inhibitors of the PPIs involving ATG5 can tune down autophagy effectively, and their pharmaceutical potential may be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Xiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangying Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran An
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxia Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Renxiao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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11
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Lin YP, Hseu YC, Thiyagarajan V, Vadivalagan C, Pandey S, Lin KY, Hsu YT, Liao JW, Lee CC, Yang HL. The in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of Antrodia salmonea through inhibition of metastasis and induction of ROS-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death in human glioblastoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114178. [PMID: 36916401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antrodia salmonea (AS) exhibits anticancer activities against various cancers. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the anticancer activities of AS on human glioblastoma (GBM8401 and U87MG) cells both in vitro and in vivo and explained the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS MTT, colony formation, migration/invasion assay, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, TUNEL, Annexin V/PI staining, AO staining, GFP-LC3 transfection, TEM, qPCR, siLC3, DCFH2-DA assay, and xenografted-nude mice were used to assess the potential of AS therapy. RESULTS AS treatment retarded growth and suppressed colony formation in glioblastoma cells. AS attenuates EMT by suppressing invasion and migration, increasing E-cadherin expression, decreasing Twist, Snail, and N-cadherin expression, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathways in GBM8401 and U87MG cells. Furthermore, AS induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3, cleaving PARP, and dysregulating Bax and Bcl-2 in both cell lines. TUNEL assay and Annexin V/PI staining indicated AS-mediated late apoptosis. Interestingly, AS induced autophagic cell death by LC3-II accumulation, AVO formation, autophagosome GFP-LC3 puncta, p62/SQSTM1 expression, and ATG4B inhibition in GBM8401 and U87MG cells. TEM data revealed that AS favored autophagosome and autolysosome formation. The autophagy inhibitors 3-MA/CQ and LC3 knockdown suppressed AS-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells, indicating that the inhibition of autophagy decreased AS-induced apoptosis. Notably, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited AS-mediated ROS production and AS-induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Furthermore, AS induced ROS-mediated inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. AS reduced the tumor burden in GBM8401-xenografted nude mice and significantly modulated tumor xenografts by inducing anti-EMT, apoptosis, and autophagy. AS could be a potential antitumor agent in human glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Pin Lin
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Varadharajan Thiyagarajan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Tai Hsu
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuan-Chen Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
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12
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BHF177 Suppresses Diabetic Neuropathic Pain by Blocking PKC/CaMKII/ERK1/2/CREB Signaling Pathway through Activating GABAB Receptor. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4661519. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4661519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The gamma-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptor may participate in the development of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). BHF177 serves as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAB receptor. In the current study, we sought to study the role of the BHF177-GABAB receptor in DNP and its underlying mechanism. Streptozotocin was adopted to induce a rat model of DNP, followed by determination of the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT), paw withdrawal latency (PWL), and glucose level. The effect of BHF177 on DNP by regulating the GABAB receptor in vivo was determined by the injection of BHF177 and/or CGP46381 (a GABAB receptor antagonist) into rat models of DNP. Hippocampal neuronal cells were isolated and cultured, and the neurons and DNP model rats were treated with activators of PKC (PMA), CaMKII (CaCl2), or ERK1/2 (EGF) to study the role of GABAB receptors in DNP via regulation of the NR2B-PKC-CaMKII-ERK-CREB pathway. BHF177 suppressed DNP symptoms by activating the GABAB receptors, as evidenced by increased PWT and PWL of DNP rats and the increased number of neurons expressing the GABAB receptor, but this effect was reversed by CGP46381 treatment. BHF177 treatment markedly repressed PKC, CaMKII, p-ERK1/2, and p-CREB expressions in the rat DNP model, but these suppressive effects were abrogated by treatments with PMA, CaCl2, or EGF treatment, respectively. To sum up, BHF177 suppresses DNP symptoms by blocking the PKC/CaMKII/ERK1/2/CREB signaling pathway to activate the GABAB receptors.
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13
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Acrolein evokes inflammation and autophagy-dependent apoptosis through oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells and its protection by 6-C-(E-2-fluorostyryl)naringenin. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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14
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Shim MS, Liton PB. The physiological and pathophysiological roles of the autophagy lysosomal system in the conventional aqueous humor outflow pathway: More than cellular clean up. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 90:101064. [PMID: 35370083 PMCID: PMC9464695 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last few years, the autophagy lysosomal system is emerging as a central cellular pathway with roles in survival, acting as a housekeeper and stress response mechanism. Studies by our and other labs suggest that autophagy might play an essential role in maintaining aqueous humor outflow homeostasis, and that malfunction of autophagy in outflow pathway cells might predispose to ocular hypertension and glaucoma pathogenesis. In this review, we will collect the current knowledge and discuss the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy does or might regulate normal outflow pathway tissue function, and its response to different types of stressors (oxidative stress and mechanical stress). We will also discuss novel roles of autophagy and lysosomal enzymes in modulation of TGFβ signaling and ECM remodeling, and the link between dysregulated autophagy and cellular senescence. We will examine what we have learnt, using pre-clinical animal models about how dysregulated autophagy can contribute to disease and apply that to the current status of autophagy in human glaucoma. Finally, we will consider and discuss the challenges and the potential of autophagy as a therapeutic target for the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Sup Shim
- Duke University, Department of Ophthalmology, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Paloma B Liton
- Duke University, Department of Ophthalmology, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
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15
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Yu W, Ilyas I, Aktar N, Xu S. A review on therapeutical potential of paeonol in atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:950337. [PMID: 35991897 PMCID: PMC9385965 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is increasing year by year. Cortex Moutan is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that has been widely used for thousands of years to treat a wide variety of diseases in Eastern countries due to its heat-clearing and detoxifying effects. Paeonol is a bioactive monomer extracted from Cortex Moutan, which has anti-atherosclerotic effects. In this article, we reviewed the pharmacological effects of paeonol against experimental atherosclerosis, as well as its protective effects on vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, platelets, and other important cell types. The pleiotropic effects of paeonol in atherosclerosis suggest that it can be a promising therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis and its complications. Large-scale randomized clinical trials are warranted to elucidate whether paeonol are effective in patients with ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Renovo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Yu, ; Suowen Xu,
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Nasrin Aktar
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Yu, ; Suowen Xu,
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16
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Xing Y, Sui Z, Liu Y, Wang MM, Wei X, Lu Q, Wang X, Liu N, Lu C, Chen R, Wu M, Wang Y, Zhao YH, Guo F, Cao JL, Qi J, Wang W. Blunting TRPML1 channels protects myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by restoring impaired cardiomyocyte autophagy. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:20. [PMID: 35389129 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy dysfunction plays a critical role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underling mechanism of malfunctional autophagy in the cardiomyocytes subjected to I/R has not been well defined. As a result, there is no effective therapeutic option by targeting autophagy to prevent myocardial I/R injury. Here, we used both an in vitro and an in vivo I/R model to monitor autophagic flux in the cardiomyocytes, by exposing neonatal rat ventricular myocytes to hypoxia/reoxygenation and by subjecting mice to I/R, respectively. We observed that the autophagic flux in the cardiomyocytes subjected to I/R was blocked in both in vitro and in vivo models. Down-regulating a lysosomal cationic channel, TRPML1, markedly restored the blocked myocardial autophagic flux induced by I/R, demonstrating that TRPML1 directly contributes to the blocked autophagic flux in the cardiomyocytes subjected to I/R. Mechanistically, TRPML1 is activated secondary to ROS elevation following ischemia/reperfusion, which in turn induces the release of lysosomal zinc into the cytosol and ultimately blocks the autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes, presumably by disrupting the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. As a result, the inhibited myocardial autophagic flux induced by TRPML1 disrupted mitochondria turnover and resulted in mass accumulation of damaged mitochondria and further ROS release, which directly led to cardiomyocyte death. More importantly, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of TRPML1 channels greatly reduced infarct size and rescued heart function in mice subjected to I/R in vivo by restoring impaired myocardial autophagy. In summary, our study demonstrates that secondary to ROS elevation, activation of TRPML1 results in autophagy inhibition in the cardiomyocytes subjected to I/R, which directly leads to cardiomyocyte death by disrupting mitochondria turnover. Therefore, targeting TRPML1 represents a novel therapeutic strategy to protect against myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Xing
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongheng Sui
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangqing Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixia Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengmei Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, 8128582, Japan
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiansong Qi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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The Interplay between Autophagy and Redox Signaling in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071203. [PMID: 35406767 PMCID: PMC8997791 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced at low levels under normal cellular metabolism act as important signal molecules. However, at increased production, they cause damage associated with oxidative stress, which can lead to the development of many diseases, such as cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative, diabetes, and cancer. The defense systems used to maintain normal redox homeostasis plays an important role in cellular responses to oxidative stress. The key players here are Nrf2-regulated redox signaling and autophagy. A tight interface has been described between these two processes under stress conditions and their role in oxidative stress-induced diseases progression. In this review, we focus on the role of Nrf2 as a key player in redox regulation in cell response to oxidative stress. We also summarize the current knowledge about the autophagy regulation and the role of redox signaling in this process. In line with the focus of our review, we describe in more detail information about the interplay between Nrf2 and autophagy pathways in myocardium and the role of these processes in cardiovascular disease development.
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18
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Hua Y, Zhang J, Liu Q, Su J, Zhao Y, Zheng G, Yang Z, Zhuo D, Ma C, Fan G. The Induction of Endothelial Autophagy and Its Role in the Development of Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:831847. [PMID: 35402552 PMCID: PMC8983858 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.831847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention is now being paid to the important role played by autophagic flux in maintaining normal blood vessel walls. Endothelial cell dysfunction initiates the development of atherosclerosis. In the endothelium, a variety of critical triggers ranging from shear stress to circulating blood lipids promote autophagy. Furthermore, emerging evidence links autophagy to a range of important physiological functions such as redox homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and the secretion of vasomodulatory substances that determine the life and death of endothelial cells. Thus, the promotion of autophagy in endothelial cells may have the potential for treating atherosclerosis. This paper reviews the role of endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and explores the molecular mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Hua
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Su
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guobin Zheng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Danping Zhuo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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19
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Qin X, He W, Yang R, Liu L, Zhang Y, Li L, Si J, Li X, Ma K. Inhibition of Connexin 43 reverses ox-LDL-mediated inhibition of autophagy in VSMC by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12969. [PMID: 35313522 PMCID: PMC8934045 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) may induce foam cell formation from the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) by inhibiting VSMC autophagy. This process accelerates the formation of atherosclerosis (AS). Connexin 43 (Cx43), which is the most widely distributed connexin in VSMC is associated with autophagy. However, the mechanism of action and the involvement of Cx43 in ox-LDL-inhibited VSMC autophagy remain unclear. Methods The primary VSMC were obtained and identified, before primary VSMC were pretreated with an inhibitor (Cx43-specific inhibitor Gap26 and PI3K inhibitor LY294002) and stimulated with ox-LDL. Results Ox-LDL not only inhibited autophagy in VSMC via downregulation of autophagy-related proteins (such as Beclin 1, LC3B, p62), but also increased Cx43 protein levels. Then we added Gap26 to VSMC in the ox-LDL+Gap26 group, in which autophagy-related proteins were increased and the accumulation of lipid droplets was reduced. These result suggested that an enhanced level of autophagy and an alleviation of lipid accumulation might be caused by inhibiting Cx43 in VSMC. The phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, mTOR were increased by ox-LDL, thus down-regulating autophagy-related proteins. However, this situation was partially reversed by the Gap26. Moreover, Cx43 expression were decreased by LY294002 in ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. Conclusion Inhibiting Cx43 may activate VSMC autophagy to inhibit foam cell formation by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Qin
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenjun He
- Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Luqian Liu
- Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junqiang Si
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ketao Ma
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Wu D, Ji H, Du W, Ren L, Qian G. Mitophagy alleviates ischemia/reperfusion-induced microvascular damage through improving mitochondrial quality control. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3596-3607. [PMID: 35112987 PMCID: PMC8973896 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2027065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronary arteries mainly function to perfuse the myocardium. When coronary artery resistance increases, myocardial perfusion decreases and myocardial remodeling occurs. Mitochondrial damage has been regarded as the primary cause of microvascular dysfunction. In the present study, we explored the effects of mitophagy activation on microvascular damage. Hypoxia/reoxygenation injury induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, thereby promoting mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells. Mitochondrial impairment induced apoptosis, reducing the viability and proliferation of endothelial cells. However, supplementation with the mitophagy inducer urolithin A (UA) preserved mitochondrial function by reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress and stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential in endothelial cells. UA also sustained the viability and improved the proliferative capacity of endothelial cells by suppressing apoptotic factors and upregulating cyclins D and E. In addition, UA inhibited mitochondrial fission and restored mitochondrial fusion, which reduced the proportion of fragmented mitochondria within endothelial cells. UA enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis in endothelial cells by upregulating sirtuin 3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha. These results suggested that activation of mitophagy may reduce hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiac microvascular damage by improving mitochondrial quality control and increasing cell viability and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Haizhe Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Laboratory of Radiation Injury Treatment, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Ren
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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21
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Ma X, Wang S, Cheng H, Ouyang H, Ma X. Melatonin Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress by Activating Mitochondrial Fusion in Cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7105181. [PMID: 35047108 PMCID: PMC8763517 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can stimulate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Optic atrophy 1- (OPA1-) induced mitochondrial fusion is an endogenous antioxidative mechanism that preserves the mitochondrial function. In our study, we investigated whether melatonin augments OPA1-dependent mitochondrial fusion and thus maintains redox balance during myocardial I/R injury. In hypoxia/reoxygenation- (H/R-) treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes, melatonin treatment upregulated OPA1 mRNA and protein expression, thereby enhancing mitochondrial fusion. Melatonin also suppressed apoptosis in H/R-treated cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by increased cell viability, diminished caspase-3 activity, and reduced Troponin T secretion; however, silencing OPA1 abolished these effects. H/R treatment augmented mitochondrial ROS production and repressed antioxidative molecule levels, while melatonin reversed these changes in an OPA1-dependent manner. Melatonin also inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential, but OPA1 silencing prevented these outcomes. These results illustrate that melatonin administration alleviates cardiomyocyte I/R injury by activating OPA1-induced mitochondrial fusion and inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Shengchi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Haichun Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoning Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
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22
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FUNDC1 activates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response to preserve mitochondrial quality control in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Signal 2022; 92:110249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Inhibits Lipotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3899356. [PMID: 34925693 PMCID: PMC8677382 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3899356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), widely used in clinical studies, exerts protective effects against cardiac damage. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms underlying the effects of rhGH on cardiac functions in db/db mice. C57BL/6J and db/db mice were subjected to rhGH treatment. Metabolic parameters, cardiac function and morphology, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and apoptosis were evaluated 16 weeks after rhGH treatment. Although rhGH did not significantly affect fasting blood glucose levels in db/db mice, it protected against diabetic cardiomyopathy, by improving cardiac function and reducing oxidative stress in the heart. In addition, rhGH treatment exhibited anti-apoptotic effects in the heart of db/db mice. The rhGH treatment, besides inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis, ameliorated cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting lipotoxicity in mice with type 2 diabetes. These findings suggest that rhGH is a promising therapeutic agent for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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24
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Mattioli AV, Coppi F, Manenti A, Farinetti A. Subclinical Vascular Damage: Current Insights and Future Potential. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:729-738. [PMID: 34866906 PMCID: PMC8633547 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s242636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular risk assessment must be carried out during all the different phases of life because the cardiovascular risk and the related prevention actions are dynamic and constantly evolving. As patients age, they change their exposure to various risk factors and accumulate comorbidities by changing their subjective cardiovascular risk, so it is necessary to undertake personalized early and preventive diagnostic actions. The main approach to asymptomatic vascular disease is based on primary prevention with the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. Indeed, lifestyle influences most of the traditional risk factors. In recent years, important differences between the sexes regarding cardiovascular risk factors have emerged and in particular, risk factors specific for female sex have been identified. Women are more likely to be categorized into lower risk categories for cardiovascular disease and, as a result, receive less lifestyle counseling than men, as well as less intensive prevention. This narrative review aims to analyze CVD risk prevention in asymptomatic atherosclerosis with a look at new emerging factors. In the end, we quickly analyzed the effects of the recent pandemic on lifestyle and cardiovascular risk and the potential negative effects in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Manenti
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Farinetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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25
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Wu D, Kampmann E, Qian G. Novel Insights Into the Role of Mitochondria-Derived Peptides in Myocardial Infarction. Front Physiol 2021; 12:750177. [PMID: 34777013 PMCID: PMC8582487 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.750177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) are a new class of bioactive peptides encoded by small open reading frames (sORFs) within known mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes. MDPs may affect the expression of nuclear genes and play cytoprotective roles against chronic and age-related diseases by maintaining mitochondrial function and cell viability in the face of metabolic stress and cytotoxic insults. In this review, we summarize clinical and experimental findings indicating that MDPs act as local and systemic regulators of glucose homeostasis, immune and inflammatory responses, mitochondrial function, and adaptive stress responses, and focus on evidence supporting the protective effects of MDPs against myocardial infarction. These insights into MDPs actions suggest their potential in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and should encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Enny Kampmann
- School of Life Sciences, City College of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Geng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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26
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1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes angiogenesis by alleviating AGEs-induced autophagy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 712:109041. [PMID: 34560065 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) induces abnormal angiogenesis and results in multiple chronic vascular complications. Previous studies showed that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) up-regulated in diabetic patients and induced a series of cellular effects such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), a hormonal form of vitamin D, proved to be beneficial for vascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of 1,25D in angiogenesis in DM remains unclear. Using CCK8 assay and transwell assay, we found that 1,25D could partly ameliorate impaired proliferation and migration ability of endothelial cells (ECs) induced by AGEs (200 μg/mL). Furthermore, tube formation assay, Western blot, and real-time qPCR assay were conducted to demonstrate that AGEs impaired angiogenetic ability, and that angiogenesis-related gene expression (i.e., VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, TGFβ1, MMP2, MMP9) in ECs and 1,25D could promote angiogenesis and angiogenetic markers expression. By using DCFH-DA, ELISA, and Western blot assay, we also found that AGEs-induced oxidative stress impaired angiogenic ability of ECs, and 1,25D alleviated angiogenesis dysfunction by inhibiting oxidative stress. Of note, AGEs-induced excessive autophagy was found to impair angiogenesis. We elucidated that the detrimental autophagy is modulated by 1,25D and AGEs via PI3K/Akt pathway. Observed together, our findings illustrated that AGEs-induced oxidative stress and autophagy resulted in angiogenic disorder and 1,25D improved angiogenesis by restraining excessive autophagy and oxidative stress, providing a novel insight for the treatment of vascular complications in DM.
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McCarthy CG, Chakraborty S, Singh G, Yeoh BS, Schreckenberger ZJ, Singh A, Mell B, Bearss NR, Yang T, Cheng X, Vijay-Kumar M, Wenceslau CF, Joe B. Ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate is an autophagy-dependent vasodilator. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149037. [PMID: 34499623 PMCID: PMC8564907 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has long been associated with longevity, and it is well established that autophagy reverts and prevents vascular deterioration associated with aging and cardiovascular diseases. Currently, our understanding of how autophagy benefits the vasculature is centered on the premise that reduced autophagy leads to the accumulation of cellular debris, resulting in inflammation and oxidative stress, which are then reversed by reconstitution or upregulation of autophagic activity. Evolutionarily, autophagy also functions to mobilize endogenous nutrients in response to starvation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the biosynthesis of the most physiologically abundant ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), would be autophagy dependent and exert vasodilatory effects via its canonical receptor, Gpr109a. To the best of our knowledge, we have revealed for the first time that the biosynthesis of βHB can be impaired by preventing autophagy. Subsequently, βHB caused potent vasodilation via potassium channels but not Gpr109a. Finally, we observed that chronic consumption of a high-salt diet negatively regulates both βHB biosynthesis and hepatic autophagy and that reconstitution of βHB bioavailability prevents high-salt diet–induced endothelial dysfunction. In summary, this work offers an alternative mechanism to the antiinflammatory and antioxidative stress hypothesis of autophagy-dependent vasculoprotection. Furthermore, it reveals a direct mechanism by which ketogenic interventions (e.g., intermittent fasting) improve vascular health.
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28
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Lochner A, Wang HH, Reiter RJ, Guo R, Zhou H. Editorial: Role of Mitochondrial Quality Control in Myocardial and Microvascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2021; 12:745033. [PMID: 34566704 PMCID: PMC8456096 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.745033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Lochner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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29
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Jiang X, Cai S, Jin Y, Wu F, He J, Wu X, Tan Y, Wang Y. Irisin Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis in the H9C2 Cellular Model of Septic Cardiomyopathy through Augmenting Fundc1-Dependent Mitophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2989974. [PMID: 34457111 PMCID: PMC8390168 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2989974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we used lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes to investigate whether irisin treatment attenuates septic cardiomyopathy via Fundc1-related mitophagy. Fundc1 levels and mitophagy were significantly reduced in LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes but were significantly increased by irisin treatment. Irisin significantly increased ATP production and the activities of mitochondrial complexes I and III in the LPS-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Irisin also improved glucose metabolism and significantly reduced LPS-induced levels of reactive oxygen species by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). TUNEL assays showed that irisin significantly reduced LPS-stimulated cardiomyocyte apoptosis by suppressing the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. However, the beneficial effects of irisin on oxidative stress, mitochondrial metabolism, and viability of LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes were abolished by silencing Fundc1. These results demonstrate that irisin abrogates mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis through Fundc1-related mitophagy in LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes. This suggests irisin is a potentially useful treatment for septic cardiomyopathy, though further investigations are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shumin Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yinghui Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xixuan Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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30
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LATS2 Deletion Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1058872. [PMID: 34457109 PMCID: PMC8390173 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1058872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Reperfusion therapy is the most effective treatment for acute myocardial infarction, but it can damage cardiomyocytes through a mechanism known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). In this study, we investigated whether the large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) contributes to the development of myocardial MIRI by disrupting mitochondrial biogenesis. Our in vitro data demonstrate that cardiomyocyte viability was reduced and apoptosis was increased in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. However, suppression of LATS2 by shRNA sustained cardiomyocyte viability by maintaining mitochondrial function. Compared to H/R-treated control cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocytes transfected with LATS2 shRNA exhibited increased mitochondrial respiration, improved mitochondrial ATP generation, and more stable mitochondrial membrane potential. LATS2 suppression increased cardiomyocyte viability and mitochondrial biogenesis in a manner dependent on PGC1α, a key regulator of mitochondrial metabolism. These results identify LATS2 as a new inducer of mitochondrial damage and myocardial MIRI and suggest that approaches targeting LATS2 or mitochondrial biogenesis may be beneficial in the clinical management of cardiac MIRI.
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31
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Abstract
Background Vascular calcification is a closely linked to cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension and aging. The extent of vascular calcification is closely correlate with adverse clinical events and cardiovascular all-cause mortality. The role of autophagy in vascular calcification is complex with many mechanistic unknowns.
Methods In this review, we analyze the current known mechanisms of autophagy in vascular calcification and discuss the theoretical advantages of targeting autophagy as an intervention against vascular calcification. Results Here we summarize the functional link between vascular calcification and autophagy in both animal models of and human cardiovascular disease. Firstly, autophagy can reduce calcification by inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs related to ANCR, ERα, β-catenin, HIF-1a/PDK4, p62, miR-30b, BECN1, mTOR, SOX9, GHSR/ERK, and AMPK signaling. Conversely, autophagy can induce osteoblast differentiation and calcification as mediated by CREB, degradation of elastin, and lncRNA H19 and DUSP5 mediated ERK signaling. Secondly, autophagy also links apoptosis and vascular calcification through AMPK/mTOR/ULK1, Wnt/β-catenin and GAS6/AXL synthesis, as apoptotic cells become the nidus for calcium-phosphate crystal deposition. The failure of mitophagy can activate Drp1, BNIP3, and NR4A1/DNA‑PKcs/p53 mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathways, which have been closely linked to the formation of vascular calcification. Additionally, autophagy also plays a role in osteogenesis by regulating vascular calcification, which in turn regulates expression of proteins related to bone development, such as osteocalcin, osteonectin, etc. and regulated by mTOR, EphrinB2 and RhoA. Furthermore, autophagy also promotes vitamin K2-induced MC3T3 E1 osteoblast differentiation and FGFR4/FGF18- and JNK/complex VPS34–beclin-1-related bone mineralization via vascular calcification. Conclusion The interaction between autophagy and vascular calcification are complicated, with their interaction affected by the disease process, anatomical location, and the surrounding microenvironment. Autophagy activation in existent cellular damage is considered protective, while defective autophagy in normal cells result in apoptotic activation. Identifying and maintaining cells at the delicate line between these two states may hold the key to reducing vascular calcification, in which autophagy associated clinical strategy could be developed.
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32
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Melatonin Attenuates Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through Modulation of IP3R-Mediated Mitochondria-ER Contact. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1370862. [PMID: 34422206 PMCID: PMC8371645 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1370862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the interplay between mitochondria and ER has been identified as a crucial regulator of cellular homeostasis, the pathogenic impact of alterations in mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCS) during myocardial postischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury remains incompletely understood. Therefore, in our study, we explored the beneficial role played by melatonin in protecting cardiomyocytes against reperfusion injury via stabilizing mitochondria-ER interaction. In vitro exposure of H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) augmented mitochondrial ROS synthesis, suppressed both mitochondrial potential and ATP generation, and increased the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening rate. Furthermore, H/R exposure upregulated the protein content of CHOP and caspase-12, two markers of ER stress, and enhanced the transcription of main MERCS tethering proteins, namely, Fis1, BAP31, Mfn2, and IP3R. Interestingly, all the above changes could be attenuated or reversed by melatonin treatment. Suggesting that melatonin-induced cardioprotection works through normalization of mitochondria-ER interaction, overexpression of IP3R abolished the protective actions offered by melatonin on mitochondria-ER fitness. These results expand our knowledge on the cardioprotective actions of melatonin during myocardial postischemic reperfusion damage and suggest that novel, more effective treatments for acute myocardial reperfusion injury might be achieved through modulation of mitochondria-ER interaction in cardiac cells.
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33
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Leonurine Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Insufficient Angiogenesis by Regulating the PI3K/Akt-eNOS Signaling Pathway in H 2O 2-Induced HUVECs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9919466. [PMID: 34394836 PMCID: PMC8357476 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9919466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thrombus is considered to be the pathological source of morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease and thrombotic complications, while oxidative stress is regarded as an important factor in vascular endothelial injury and thrombus formation. Therefore, antioxidative stress and maintaining the normal function of vascular endothelial cells are greatly significant in regulating vascular tension and maintaining a nonthrombotic environment. Leonurine (LEO) is a unique alkaloid isolated from Leonurus japonicus Houtt (a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)), which has shown a good effect on promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. In this study, we explored the protective effect and action mechanism of LEO on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after damage by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The protective effects of LEO on H2O2-induced HUVECs were determined by measuring the cell viability, cell migration, tube formation, and oxidative biomarkers. The underlying mechanism of antioxidation of LEO was investigated by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Our results showed that LEO treatment promoted cell viability; remarkably downregulated the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); and upregulated the nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in H2O2-induced HUVECs. At the same time, LEO treatment significantly promoted the phosphorylation level of angiogenic protein PI3K, Akt, and eNOS and the expression level of survival factor Bcl2 and decreased the expression level of death factor Bax and caspase3. In conclusion, our findings suggested that LEO can ameliorate the oxidative stress damage and insufficient angiogenesis of HUVECs induced by H2O2 through activating the PI3K/Akt-eNOS signaling pathway.
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34
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Zhang J, Zhang F, Wang Y. Mitofusin-2 Enhances Mitochondrial Contact With the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Promotes Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2021; 12:707634. [PMID: 34305656 PMCID: PMC8298037 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.707634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy has been associated with mitochondrial damage. Mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact is an important determinant of mitochondrial function and ER homeostasis. We therefore investigated whether hyperglycemia can damage the mitochondria by increasing their contact with the ER in cardiomyocytes. We found that hyperglycemia induced mitochondria–ER contact in cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by the increased MMM1, MDM34, and BAP31 expressions. Interestingly, the silencing of Mfn2 reduced the cooperation between the mitochondria and the ER in cardiomyocytes. Mfn2 silencing improved cardiomyocyte viability and function under hyperglycemic conditions. Additionally, the silencing of Mfn2 markedly attenuated the release of calcium from the ER to the mitochondria, thereby preserving mitochondrial metabolism in cardiomyocytes under hyperglycemic conditions. Mfn2 silencing reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, which reduced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in hyperglycemia-treated cardiomyocytes. Finally, Mfn2 silencing attenuated ER stress in cardiomyocytes subjected to high-glucose stress. These results demonstrate that Mfn2 promotes mitochondria–ER contact in hyperglycemia-treated cardiomyocytes. The silencing of Mfn2 sustained mitochondrial function, suppressed mitochondrial calcium overload, prevented mitochondrial apoptosis, and reduced ER stress, thereby enhancing cardiomyocyte survival under hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjing, China
| | - Yanou Wang
- Health Management Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjing, China
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35
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Li D, Yang S, Xing Y, Pan L, Zhao R, Zhao Y, Liu L, Wu M. Novel Insights and Current Evidence for Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis: Mitochondrial Dynamics as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673839. [PMID: 34307357 PMCID: PMC8293691 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathological basis of CVD. Mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained through the dynamic processes of fusion and fission. Mitochondria are involved in many cellular processes, such as steroid biosynthesis, calcium homeostasis, immune cell activation, redox signaling, apoptosis, and inflammation, among others. Under stress conditions, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial cristae remodeling, and mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) production increase, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decreases, calcium homeostasis is imbalanced, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore open (mPTP) and release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are activated. mtDNA recognized by TLR9 can lead to NF-κB pathway activation and pro-inflammatory factor expression. At the same time, TLR9 can also activate NLRP3 inflammasomes and release interleukin, an event that eventually leads to tissue damage and inflammatory responses. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction may amplify the activation of NLRP3 through the production of mitochondrial ROS, which together aggravate accumulating mitochondrial damage. In addition, mtDNA defects or gene mutation can lead to mitochondrial oxidative stress. Finally, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and aging are risk factors for the progression of CVD, which are closely related to mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics may represent a new target in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Antioxidants, mitochondrial inhibitors, and various new therapies to correct mitochondrial dysfunction represent a few directions for future research on therapeutic intervention and amelioration of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Pan
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixi Zhao
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cellular Crosstalk between Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells in Vascular Wall Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147284. [PMID: 34298897 PMCID: PMC8306829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological vascular wall remodeling refers to the structural and functional changes of the vessel wall that occur in response to injury that eventually leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vessel wall are composed of two major primary cells types, endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The physiological communications between these two cell types (EC–VSMCs) are crucial in the development of the vasculature and in the homeostasis of mature vessels. Moreover, aberrant EC–VSMCs communication has been associated to the promotor of various disease states including vascular wall remodeling. Paracrine regulations by bioactive molecules, communication via direct contact (junctions) or information transfer via extracellular vesicles or extracellular matrix are main crosstalk mechanisms. Identification of the nature of this EC–VSMCs crosstalk may offer strategies to develop new insights for prevention and treatment of disease that curse with vascular remodeling. Here, we will review the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between EC and VSMCs. Additionally, we highlight the potential applicable methodologies of the co-culture systems to identify cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in pathological vascular wall remodeling, opening questions about the future research directions.
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Cui J, Hu Z, Li T, Guo Z, Luo W, Huang Z. Clinical Study on Long-Term Sinus Reversion Rate and Left Atrial Function Recovery of Mitral Valve Disease with Atrial Fibrillation under Modified Surgical Radiofrequency Ablation. Cardiol Res Pract 2021; 2021:5667364. [PMID: 34306748 PMCID: PMC8279874 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5667364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the long-term sinus reversion rate and recovery of left atrial function after modified surgical radiofrequency ablation for permanent atrial fibrillation caused by mitral valve disease. From March 2014 to May 2020, 35 patients who underwent modified surgical radiofrequency ablation during cardiac valve surgery in our hospital were selected as the study group, and 25 normal individuals without cardiac structural changes were selected as the control group. The time of modified surgical radiofrequency ablation and long-term sinus reversion rate were measured, and left atrial anteroposterior, superoinferior, left and right diameters, left atrial ejection fraction, left atrial filling index, and left atrial ejection force were measured before and 6 months after surgery. The mean ablation time was 23.2 min, and the long-term sinus reversion rate was 80.0%. The left atrium diameter decreased and the left atrium ejection fraction increased after the operation (P < 0.05). The left atrium filling index and ejection force were significantly increased in 28 patients with sinus reversion (P < 0.05). The decrease in left atrial diameter and the increase in left atrial ejection fraction were correlated with sinus conversion after surgery (P < 0.05). The modified operation is simple, the curative effect is definite, and the sinus reversion rate is high, which is beneficial to the restoration of left atrial structure, ejection function, and hemodynamic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingle Cui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhongshan, ZhongShan City 528400, China
| | - Ziyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhongshan, ZhongShan City 528400, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhongshan, ZhongShan City 528400, China
| | - Ziyang Guo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhongshan, ZhongShan City 528400, China
| | - Weiquan Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhongshan, ZhongShan City 528400, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhongshan, ZhongShan City 528400, China
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NCAPD2 inhibits autophagy by regulating Ca 2+/CAMKK2/AMPK/mTORC1 pathway and PARP-1/SIRT1 axis to promote colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:26-37. [PMID: 34229059 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-SMC condensin I complex subunit D2 (NCAPD2) is one of the three non-SMC subunits in condensin I. Previous studies have shown that NCAPD2 plays an important role in the chromosome condensation and segregation. However, its role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and specific molecular mechanisms still need to be further studied. Here we show that NCAPD2 inhibits autophagy and blocks autophagic flux via Ca2+/CAMKK/AMPK/mTORC1 pathway and PARP-1/SIRT1 axis. NCAPD2 acts as a tumor promoter both in vitro and in vivo. NCAPD2 knockout suppresses colorectal cancer development in AOM/DSS induced mice model. Therefore, our findings support a role for NCAPD2 in autophagy to promote CRC development and highlight NCAPD2 as a potential target for CRC therapy.
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Ji H, Wu D, Kimberlee O, Li R, Qian G. Molecular Perspectives of Mitophagy in Myocardial Stress: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targets. Front Physiol 2021; 12:700585. [PMID: 34276422 PMCID: PMC8279814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.700585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of complex risk factors and pathological mechanisms contribute to myocardial stress, which ultimately promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases, including acute cardiac insufficiency, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, high-glycemic myocardial injury, and acute alcoholic cardiotoxicity. Myocardial stress is characterized by abnormal metabolism, excessive reactive oxygen species production, an insufficient energy supply, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. Mitochondria, the main organelles contributing to the energy supply of cardiomyocytes, are key determinants of cell survival and death. Mitophagy is important for cardiomyocyte function and metabolism because it removes damaged and aged mitochondria in a timely manner, thereby maintaining the proper number of normal mitochondria. In this review, we first introduce the general characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy. We then describe the three classic mitophagy regulatory pathways and their involvement in myocardial stress. Finally, we discuss the two completely opposite effects of mitophagy on the fate of cardiomyocytes. Our summary of the molecular pathways underlying mitophagy in myocardial stress may provide therapeutic targets for myocardial protection interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhe Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - O'Maley Kimberlee
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ruibing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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Zheng H, Lin A, Wang L, Xu Y, Zhang Z. The Long-Term Change of Arrhythmias after Transcatheter Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects. Cardiol Res Pract 2021; 2021:1625915. [PMID: 34239725 PMCID: PMC8241517 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1625915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To observe and analyze the long-term change of different types of arrhythmias after transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD). METHODS We retrospectively collected the data of patients who underwent pmVSD closure in our institution from March 2002 to December 2010. RESULTS One hundred thirty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 265 (25.5%) had early arrhythmia. They were classified into two categories: conduction abnormality (191/1039; 18.4%) and origin abnormality (94/1039; 9.0%), including 20 patients with both types of arrhythmias. The median follow-up time was 84.5 months, and 103 patients (103/191; 53.9%) with early conduction block got permanent arrhythmias, while only three patients (3/94; 3.2%) with early anomalous origin arrhythmias still had an abnormal electrocardiogram. Serious arrhythmias (28/1039; 2.7%), including II° atrioventricular block (AVB), III° AVB, and complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB), can appear immediately in the early postoperative period (21 patients) or in the late outset (seven patients) after several months or even years (6 months to 8.3 years). Twenty patients (20/21; 95.2%) with serious arrhythmia in the early postoperative period improved after early treatment, but six patients relapsed or worsened during follow-up. At the endpoint, severe arrhythmia persisted in 13 patients, of which four patients got permanent pacemaker implanted, and one patient with recurrent CLBBB died from heart failure. CONCLUSIONS The probability of delayed CAVB or bundle branch block after VSD closure is low but often occurs several years after surgery. Therefore, long-term ECG follow-up should last for several years or even decades. Serious arrhythmias that appear early after transcatheter pmVSD closure may impose a risk of recurrence although they have been cured already. Close attention should be paid to the changes of cardiac function in patients with CLBBB after VSD closure, and the severity of such arrhythmia should be taken seriously and reexamined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Panyu District, Panyu Central Hospital, No. 8 Fuyudong Rd, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Aiwen Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Panyu District, Panyu Central Hospital, No. 8 Fuyudong Rd, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Panyu Central Hospital, No. 8 Fuyudong Rd, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Yukai Xu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, No. 96 Dongchuan Rd, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510100, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, No. 96 Dongchuan Rd, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510100, China
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Hou J, Zeng C, Zheng G, Liang L, Jiang L, Yang Z. LncRNAs Participate in Post-Resuscitation Myocardial Dysfunction Through the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:689531. [PMID: 34194340 PMCID: PMC8238007 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.689531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the role of lncRNAs in post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction in a rat model of CA-CPR. A rat model of CA-CPR was constructed using a VF method. Myocardial functions, including cardiac output (CO), ejection fraction (EF), and myocardial performance index (MPI), were evaluated at the baseline, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h after resuscitation. A high throughput sequencing method was used to screen the differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs, which were further analyzed with bioinformatics. In addition, relationships between the molecules involved in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were explored with ceRNA network. Compared with the sham group, EF was significantly reduced and MPI was increased at the five consecutive time points in the CA-CPR group. 68 lncRNAs were upregulated and 40 lncRNAs were downregulated in the CA-CPR group, while 30 miRNAs were downregulated and 19 miRNAs were upregulated. Moreover, mRNAs were also differentially expressed, with 676 upregulated and 588 downregulated. GO analysis suggested that genes associated with cell proliferation, cell death and programmed cell death were significantly enriched. KEGG analysis showed that the PI3K/Akt, MAPK and Ras signaling pathways were the three most-enriched pathways. Construction of a ceRNA regulatory network indicated that LOC102549506, LOC103689920, and LOC103690137 might play important roles in the regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the CA-CPR treated rat. Taken together, LncRNAs, including LOC102549506, LOC103689920 and LOC103690137, might participate in post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction by functioning as ceRNAs and regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Hou
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaotao Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Liang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longyuan Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yang Y, Jiang K, Liu X, Qin M, Xiang Y. CaMKII in Regulation of Cell Death During Myocardial Reperfusion Injury. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:668129. [PMID: 34141722 PMCID: PMC8204011 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.668129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. In spite of the mature managements of myocardial infarction (MI), post-MI reperfusion (I/R) injury results in high morbidity and mortality. Cardiomyocyte Ca2+ overload is a major factor of I/R injury, initiating a cascade of events contributing to cardiomyocyte death and myocardial dysfunction. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) plays a critical role in cardiomyocyte death response to I/R injury, whose activation is a key feature of myocardial I/R in causing intracellular mitochondrial swelling, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ leakage, abnormal myofilament contraction, and other adverse reactions. CaMKII is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase, and CaMKIIδ, the dominant subtype in heart, has been widely studied in the activation, location, and related pathways of cardiomyocytes death, which has been considered as a potential targets for pharmacological inhibition. In this review, we summarize a brief overview of CaMKII with various posttranslational modifications and its properties in myocardial I/R injury. We focus on the molecular mechanism of CaMKII involved in regulation of cell death induced by myocardial I/R including necroptosis and pyroptosis of cardiomyocyte. Finally, we highlight that targeting CaMKII modifications and cell death involved pathways may provide new insights to understand the conversion of cardiomyocyte fate in the setting of myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaozu Xiang
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Chang X, Lochner A, Wang HH, Wang S, Zhu H, Ren J, Zhou H. Coronary microvascular injury in myocardial infarction: perception and knowledge for mitochondrial quality control. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6766-6785. [PMID: 34093852 PMCID: PMC8171103 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the innermost layer in all blood vessels to maintain the structural integrity and microcirculation function for coronary microvasculature. Impaired endothelial function is demonstrated in various cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction (MI), which is featured by reduced myocardial blood flow as a result of epicardial coronary obstruction, thrombogenesis, and inflammation. In this context, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the function of coronary ECs is essential for the early diagnosis and optimal treatment of MI. Although ECs contain relatively fewer mitochondria compared with cardiomyocytes, they function as key sensors of environmental and cellular stress, in the regulation of EC viability, structural integrity and function. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) machineries respond to a broad array of stress stimuli to regulate fission, fusion, mitophagy and biogenesis in mitochondria. Impaired MQC is a cardinal feature of EC injury and dysfunction. Hence, medications modulating MQC mechanisms are considered as promising novel therapeutic options in MI. Here in this review, we provide updated insights into the key role of MQC mechanisms in coronary ECs and microvascular dysfunction in MI. We also discussed the option of MQC as a novel therapeutic target to delay, reverse or repair coronary microvascular damage in MI. Contemporary available MQC-targeted therapies with potential clinical benefits to alleviate coronary microvascular injury during MI are also summarized.
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Yang X, Song X, Li Z, Liu N, Yan Y, Liu B. Crosstalk between extracellular vesicles and autophagy in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105628. [PMID: 33887437 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are composed of loaded soluble substances and lipid bilayers; these include apoptotic bodies, exosomes, and microvesicles. Extracellular vesicles, as carriers of biological information between cells, have been recognized for their role in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The biogenesis of extracellular vesicles is closely related to autophagy. Moreover, extracellular vesicles further affect autophagy levels in target cells through their transmitted contents. Autophagy is a catabolic cell process that maintains cell homeostasis by eliminating misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. Existing studies have revealed that extracellular vesicles and autophagy share molecular mechanisms with notable crosstalk, including, perspectives such as amphisomes and "secretory autophagy." In this review, we first introduce the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles and the classic views of autophagy before moving onto the crosstalk between extracellular vesicles and autophagy. Finally, we discuss the research progress of extracellular vesicles and autophagy in cardiovascular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingru Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xianjing Song
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Youyou Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China.
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Xu T, Jia J, Xu N, Ye C, Zheng F, Yuan Y, Zhu GQ, Zhan YY. Apelin receptor upregulation in spontaneously hypertensive rat contributes to the enhanced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by activating autophagy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:627. [PMID: 33987325 PMCID: PMC8106044 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a vital role in the progression of vascular remodeling and hypertension. Apelin-13 promotes VSMC proliferation of normal rats. This study was designed to investigate the roles of apelin receptor (APJ) and apelin-13 in VSMC proliferation of hypertension rats and underlying mechanisms. Methods Primary VSMCs were obtained from aorta of Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The expressions of apelin and APJ were detected by Western bolt and PCR, as well as immunohistochemistry. VSMC proliferation was evaluated with CCK-8 kit, PCNA protein expression and percentage of EdU-positive cells. Autophagy was determined by the ratio of LC3BII to LC3BI, ATG5 and p62 protein expressions, as well as LC3B immunofluorescence. Results APJ expression was increased while apelin expression was reduced in aorta and VSMCs of SHR compared with those of WKY. Exogenous apelin-13 promoted VSMC proliferation and autophagy of both WKY and SHR, which were prevented by APJ antagonist F13A. Blockade of APJ had no significant effects on VSMC proliferation and autophagy of WKY, but attenuated VSMC proliferation and autophagy of SHR. Administration of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) not only attenuated VSMC proliferation of SHR, but prevented apelin-13-induced VSMC proliferation of both WKY and SHR. Conclusions Apelin-13 stimulates VSMC proliferation via APJ-mediated enhancement in autophagy. APJ upregulation in SHR contributes to the enhanced VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Jia
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Yang Zhan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Quercetin Improves Cardiomyocyte Vulnerability to Hypoxia by Regulating SIRT1/TMBIM6-Related Mitophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5529913. [PMID: 33859776 PMCID: PMC8024107 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5529913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is an important pathological mechanism underlying cardiovascular diseases and is commonly caused by hypoxia. Moreover, hypoxic injury occurs not only in common cardiovascular diseases but also following various treatments of heart-related conditions. One of the major mechanisms underlying hypoxic injury is oxidative stress. Quercetin has been shown to exert antioxidant stress and vascular protective effects, making it a promising candidate for treating cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we examined the protective effect of quercetin on human cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia-induced oxidative stress damage and its underlying mechanism. Human cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro with or without quercetin pretreatment; thereafter, flow cytometry, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, laser scanning confocal microscopy, quantitative PCR, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to analyze the effects of quercetin on cardiomyocytes. We found that H/R induced reactive oxygen species overproduction and endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as inhibited the function of the mitochondria/endoplasmic reticulum and mitophagy, eventually leading to apoptosis and decreasing the viability of human cardiomyocytes. Quercetin pretreatment inhibited H/R-mediated overproduction of reactive oxygen species and damage caused by oxidative stress, increased mitophagy, regulated mRNA and protein expression of transmembrane BAX inhibitor-1 motif-containing 6 (TMBIM6), regulated endoplasmic reticulum stress, and improved the vulnerability of human cardiomyocytes to H/R. Furthermore, transfection with short interfering RNA against silent information regulator protein 1 (SIRT1) counteracted the protective effects of quercetin on cardiomyocytes. Thus, quercetin was predicted to regulate mitophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress through SIRT1/TMBIM6 and inhibit H/R-induced oxidative stress damage. These findings may be useful for developing treatments for hypoxic injury-induced cardiovascular diseases and further highlight the potential of quercetin for regulating mitochondrial quality control and endoplasmic reticulum function.
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Novel Insight into the Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Pathogenesis of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5529810. [PMID: 33854692 PMCID: PMC8019635 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5529810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is followed by evolutionarily conserved cell stress responses, which are employed by cells, including cardiomyocytes, to maintain and/or restore ER homeostasis. ER stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to degrade and remove abnormal proteins from the ER lumen. Although the UPR is an intracellular defense mechanism to sustain cardiomyocyte viability and heart function, excessive activation initiates ER-dependent cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological process occurring during or after revascularization of ischemic myocardium. Several molecular mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac I/R injury. Due to the dual protective/degradative effects of ER stress on cardiomyocyte viability and function, it is of interest to understand the basic concepts, regulatory signals, and molecular processes involved in ER stress following myocardial I/R injury. In this review, therefore, we present recent findings related to the novel components of ER stress activation. The complex effects of ER stress and whether they mitigate or exacerbate myocardial I/R injury are summarized to serve as the basis for research into potential therapies for cardioprotection through control of ER homeostasis.
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Li N, Han S, Ma B, Huang X, Xu L, Cao J, Sun Y. Chemosensitivity enhanced by autophagy inhibition based on a polycationic nano-drug carrier. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1656-1673. [PMID: 36132550 PMCID: PMC9417626 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00990c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the increasing understanding of the role of autophagy in tumorigenesis and development, a steady stream of studies have demonstrated that both excessive induction and inhibition of autophagy could effectively improve the therapeutic efficacy against tumors during cytotoxic or molecularly targeted drug therapy. Among them, autophagy inhibition mediated by nanomaterials has become an appealing notion in nanomedicine therapeutics, since it can be exploited as an effective adjuvant in chemotherapy or as a potential anti-tumor agent. Herein, we constructed a pH-sensitive nanoplatform loaded with epirubicin (EPI) (mPEG-b-P(DPA-b-DMAEMA)/EPI), enabling effective autophagy inhibition in the process of tumor-targeting therapy and further sensitized the tumors to EPI. It was found that polycationic nanomicelles (PEDD-Ms) displayed specific localization in lysosomes after entering tumor cells and caused the impairment of lysosomal degradation capacity through lysosomal alkalization in a dose-dependent manner. HepG2 cells treated with PEDD-Ms displayed a large-scale accumulation of autophagosomes and LC3 (an autophagosome marker protein), and the degradation of the autophagy substrate p62 was also blocked, which indicated that these functional nanomicelles could significantly inhibit autophagy. Meanwhile, the typical morphological characteristics of autophagosomes were directly visualized by TEM. In vivo results also showed that the tumor-targeted and autophagy inhibition-associated nanoplatform therapy could effectively improve the therapeutic efficiency of EPI, which may be partially attributed to the fact that autophagy inhibition could enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to EPI. Overall, we revealed the effect of polycationic nanomicelles on autophagic processes in tumor cells and explored their possible molecular mechanism, also considering the synergistic outcome between autophagy mediated by nanomaterials and chemotherapeutic drugs to improve the therapeutic effect on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Shangcong Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Central Hospital Qingdao China
| | - Xia Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Lisa Xu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao China
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Bevacizumab-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and ERK Inactivation Contribute to Cardiotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5548130. [PMID: 33859777 PMCID: PMC8009725 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5548130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxicity associated with bevacizumab, a first-line immunotherapeutic agent used to treat lung cancer, are not fully understood. Here, we examined intracellular signal transduction in cardiomyocytes after exposure to different doses of bevacizumab in vitro. Our results demonstrated that bevacizumab significantly and dose-dependently reduces cardiomyocyte viability and increases cell apoptosis. Bevacizumab treatment also led to mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by the decreased ATP production, increased ROS production, attenuated antioxidative enzyme levels, and reduced respiratory complex function. In addition, bevacizumab induced intracellular calcium overload, ER stress, and caspase-12 activation. Finally, bevacizumab treatment inhibited the ERK signaling pathway, which, in turn, significantly reduced cardiomyocyte viability and contributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. Together, our results demonstrate that bevacizumab-mediated cardiotoxicity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, and ERK pathway inactivation. These findings may provide potential treatment targets to attenuate myocardial injury during lung cancer immunotherapy.
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50
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Carresi C, Mollace R, Macrì R, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Scarano F, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Ruga S, Zito MC, Nucera S, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Maiuolo J, Palma E, Mollace V. Oxidative Stress Triggers Defective Autophagy in Endothelial Cells: Role in Atherothrombosis Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030387. [PMID: 33807637 PMCID: PMC8001288 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherothrombosis, a multifactorial and multistep artery disorder, represents one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development and progression of atherothrombosis is closely associated with age, gender and a complex relationship between unhealthy lifestyle habits and several genetic risk factors. The imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses is the main biological event leading to the development of a pro-oxidant phenotype, triggering cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the atherothrombotic process. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its late thrombotic complications involve multiple cellular events such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations, and platelet activation, contributing to chronic pathological remodeling of the vascular wall, atheromatous plague formation, vascular stenosis, and eventually, thrombus growth and propagation. Emerging studies suggest that clotting activation and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction play key roles in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence indicates that defective autophagy is closely linked to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which, in turn, are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerotic disease. This topic represents a large field of study aimed at identifying new potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on the major role played by the autophagic pathway induced by oxidative stress in the modulation of EC dysfunction as a background to understand its potential role in the development of atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09613694128; Fax: +39-09613695737
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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