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Yang ZJ, Zhang WF, Jin QQ, Wu ZR, Du YY, Shi H, Qu ZS, Han XJ, Jiang LP. Lactate contributes to remote ischemic preconditioning-mediated protection against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by facilitating autophagy via AMPK-mTOR-TFEB-CX43 axis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00247-5. [PMID: 39069170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) exerts a protective role on myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury by the release of various humoral factors. Lactate is a common metabolite in ischemic tissues. Nevertheless, little is known about the role lactate plays in myocardial I/R injury and its underlying mechanism. This investigation revealed that RIPC elevated the level of lactate in blood and myocardium. Furthermore, AZD3965, a selective monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibitor and 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glycolysis inhibitor, mitigated the effects of RIPC-induced elevated lactate in the myocardium and prevented RIPC against myocardial I/R injury. In an in vitro hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) model, lactate markedly mitigated H/R-induced cell damage in H9c2 cells. Meanwhile, further studies suggested that lactate contributed to RIPC rescuing I/R-induced autophagy deficiency by promoting TFEB translocation to the nucleus through activating the AMPK-mTOR pathway without influencing the PI3K-Akt pathway, thus reducing cardiomyocytes damage. Interestingly, we also found that lactate upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of CX43 by facilitating the binding of TFEB to CX43 promoter in the myocardium. Functionally, silencing of TFEB attenuated the protective effect of lactate on cell damage, which was reversed by overexpression of CX43. Further mechanistic studies suggested lactate facilitated CX43-regulated autophagy via AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signaling pathway. Collectively, our research demonstrates that RIPC protects against myocardial I/R injury through lactate-mediated myocardial autophagy via AMPK-mTOR-TFEB-CX43 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Jian Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China; Department of Pharmacy, the 2(st) affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wei-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the 2(st) affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qing-Qing Jin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yun-Yan Du
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Qu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Han
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Zhang S, Yan F, Luan F, Chai Y, Li N, Wang YW, Chen ZL, Xu DQ, Tang YP. The pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic drugs for myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155649. [PMID: 38653154 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death and disability, with myocardial ischemia being the predominant type that poses a significant threat to humans. Reperfusion, an essential therapeutic approach, promptly reinstates blood circulation to the ischemic myocardium and stands as the most efficacious clinical method for myocardial preservation. Nevertheless, the restoration of blood flow associated with this process can potentially induce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), thereby diminishing the effectiveness of reperfusion and impacting patient prognosis. Therefore, it is of great significance to prevent and treat MIRI. PURPOSE MIRI is an important factor affecting the prognosis of patients, and there is no specific in-clinic treatment plan. In this review, we have endeavored to summarize its pathological mechanisms and therapeutic drugs to provide more powerful evidence for clinical application. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline and Google Scholar with a core focus on the pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic drugs of MIRI. RESULTS Accumulated evidence revealed that oxidative stress, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, energy metabolism disorder, ferroptosis, inflammatory reaction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, pyroptosis and autophagy regulation have been shown to participate in the process, and that the occurrence and development of MIRI are related to plenty of signaling pathways. Currently, a range of chemical drugs, natural products, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations have demonstrated the ability to mitigate MIRI by targeting various mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS At present, most of the research focuses on animal and cell experiments, and the regulatory mechanisms of each signaling pathway are still unclear. The translation of experimental findings into clinical practice remains incomplete, necessitating further exploration through large-scale, multi-center randomized controlled trials. Given the absence of a specific drug for MIRI, the identification of therapeutic agents to reduce myocardial ischemia is of utmost significance. For the future, it is imperative to enhance our understanding of the pathological mechanism underlying MIRI, continuously investigate and develop novel pharmaceutical agents, expedite the clinical translation of these drugs, and foster innovative approaches that integrate TCM with Western medicine. These efforts will facilitate the emergence of fresh perspectives for the clinical management of MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Luan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Chen
- International Programs Office, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Kandpal A, Kumar K, Singh S, Yadav HN, Jaggi AS, Singh D, Chopra DS, Maslov L, Singh N. Amplification of Cardioprotective Response of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Rats by Quercetin: Potential Role of Activation of mTOR-dependent Autophagy and Nrf2. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-024-07595-9. [PMID: 38916838 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-024-07595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Noninvasive remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a practical, acceptable, and feasible conditioning technique reported to provide cardioprotection in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). It has been well-reported that quercetin possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigates the modification of the cardioprotective response of RIPC by quercetin. METHODS Adult Wistar rats were randomized into 12 groups of six animals each. MIRI was induced by subjecting the isolated hearts of Wistar rats to global ischemia for 30 min, succeeded by reperfusion of 120 min after mounting on the Langendorff PowerLab apparatus. Hind limb RIPC was applied in four alternate cycles of ischemia and reperfusion of 5 min each by tying the pressure cuff before isolation of hearts. RESULTS MIRI was reflected by significantly increased infarct size, LDH-1, and CK-MB, TNF-α, TBARS, and decreased GSH, catalase, and hemodynamic index, and modulated Nrf2. Pretreatment of quercetin (25 and 50 mg/kg; i.p.) significantly attenuated the MIRI-induced cardiac damage and potentiated the cardioprotective response of RIPC at the low dose. Pretreatment of ketamine (10 mg/kg; i.p.), an mTOR-dependent autophagy inhibitor, significantly abolished the cardioprotective effects of quercetin and RIPC. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the modification of the cardioprotective effect of RIPC by quercetin and that quercetin protects the heart against MIRI through multiple mechanisms, including mTOR-dependent activation of autophagy and Nrf-2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Kandpal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy (GGSCOP), Yamunanagar, Haryana, 135001, India
| | - Satnam Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Harlokesh Narayan Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Dhandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Dimple Sethi Chopra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Leonid Maslov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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Lieder HR, Paket U, Skyschally A, Rink AD, Baars T, Neuhäuser M, Kleinbongard P, Heusch G. Vago-splenic signal transduction of cardioprotection in humans. Eur Heart J 2024:ehae250. [PMID: 38842545 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The spleen serves as an important relay organ that releases cardioprotective factor(s) upon vagal activation during remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) in rats and pigs. The translation of these findings to humans was attempted. METHODS Remote ischaemic conditioning or electrical auricular tragus stimulation (ATS) were performed in 10 healthy young volunteers, 10 volunteers with splenectomy, and 20 matched controls. Venous blood samples were taken before and after RIC/ATS or placebo, and a plasma dialysate was infused into isolated perfused rat hearts subjected to global ischaemia/reperfusion. RESULTS Neither left nor right RIC or ATS altered heart rate and heart rate variability in the study cohorts. With the plasma dialysate prepared before RIC or ATS, respectively, infarct size (% ventricular mass) in the recipient rat heart was 36 ± 6% (left RIC), 34 ± 3% (right RIC) or 31 ± 5% (left ATS), 35 ± 5% (right ATS), and decreased with the plasma dialysate from healthy volunteers after RIC or ATS to 20 ± 4% (left RIC), 23 ± 6% (right RIC) or to 19 ± 4% (left ATS), 26 ± 9% (right ATS); infarct size was still reduced with plasma dialysate 4 days after ATS and 9 days after RIC. In a subgroup of six healthy volunteers, such infarct size reduction was abrogated by intravenous atropine. Infarct size reduction by RIC or ATS was also abrogated in 10 volunteers with splenectomy, but not in their 20 matched controls. CONCLUSIONS In humans, vagal innervation and the spleen as a relay organ are decisive for the cardioprotective signal transduction of RIC and ATS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Raphael Lieder
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Umut Paket
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas D Rink
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Theodor Baars
- Private Practice of General and Internal Medicine, Kölner Straße 68, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Neuhäuser
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, Koblenz University of Applied Sciences, Rhein-Ahr-Campus, Remagen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Sato T, Sawashita Y, Yoshikawa Y, Yamakage M. Japanese Traditional Herbal Medicine, Rikkunshito, Partially Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Cureus 2024; 16:e54485. [PMID: 38516440 PMCID: PMC10954439 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can cause additional damage to an ischemic myocardium, even after successful reperfusion therapy. Inflammation is a mechanism that exacerbates myocardial damage after I/R injury. Rikkunshito (RKT) is a traditional Japanese herbal medicine widely used to treat gastrointestinal symptoms. It attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in some diseases of the heart; however, it remains unclear whether RKT exerts cardioprotective effects against myocardial I/R injury. To elucidate this, we evaluated the effects of RKT pre-treatment by oral administration on the myocardium in a mouse model of in vivo I/R injury. METHODS Mice were randomly assigned to a group receiving distilled water (DW) or one receiving RKT (1000 mg/kg/day) for 14 days orally. For each of the RKT and DW groups, a sham group, an I/R 2 h group, and an I/R 24 h group were created. On day 15, myocardial I/R surgery was performed. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated for 30 min, and reperfusion time was set at 2 h or 24 h. The myocardial infarct size (IS) was measured after 2 h of reperfusion, and cardiac cytokine mRNA expression levels were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after 2 h and 24 h of reperfusion. RESULTS RKT pre-treatment significantly suppressed the cardiac mRNA expression level of interleukin-1β in the RKT-I/R 2 h group compared to the DW-I/R 2 h group (P < 0.05). Additionally, RKT significantly suppressed the mRNA expression levels of transforming growth factor-β compared to DW; the same result was obtained for the expression levels of interleukin-6. However, RKT did not reduce the IS or mRNA expression levels of the cardiac congestive markers natriuretic peptide a (NPPA) and natriuretic peptide b (NPPB). In addition, RKT did not alter the plasma concentration of ghrelin and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), which have been reported to be stimulated by RKT. CONCLUSION This study showed that pre-treatment of RKT for myocardial I/R injury partially suppressed inflammation-related cytokines. However, further studies are needed on the effect of RKT on the reduction of myocardial infarction size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Sato
- Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, JPN
| | | | - Yusuke Yoshikawa
- Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, JPN
| | - Michiaki Yamakage
- Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, JPN
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Zhang M, Liu Q, Meng H, Duan H, Liu X, Wu J, Gao F, Wang S, Tan R, Yuan J. Ischemia-reperfusion injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:12. [PMID: 38185705 PMCID: PMC10772178 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury paradoxically occurs during reperfusion following ischemia, exacerbating the initial tissue damage. The limited understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying I/R injury hinders the development of effective therapeutic interventions. The Wnt signaling pathway exhibits extensive crosstalk with various other pathways, forming a network system of signaling pathways involved in I/R injury. This review article elucidates the underlying mechanisms involved in Wnt signaling, as well as the complex interplay between Wnt and other pathways, including Notch, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, transforming growth factor-β, nuclear factor kappa, bone morphogenetic protein, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor-Ca2+-Activin A, Hippo-Yes-associated protein, toll-like receptor 4/toll-interleukine-1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β, and hepatocyte growth factor/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor. In particular, we delve into their respective contributions to key pathological processes, including apoptosis, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, cell hypertrophy, fibrosis, ferroptosis, neurogenesis, and blood-brain barrier damage during I/R injury. Our comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms involved in Wnt signaling during I/R reveals that activation of the canonical Wnt pathway promotes organ recovery, while activation of the non-canonical Wnt pathways exacerbates injury. Moreover, we explore novel therapeutic approaches based on these mechanistic findings, incorporating evidence from animal experiments, current standards, and clinical trials. The objective of this review is to provide deeper insights into the roles of Wnt and its crosstalk signaling pathways in I/R-mediated processes and organ dysfunction, to facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic agents for I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Hongxia Duan
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Gao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rubin Tan
- Department of Physiology, Basic medical school, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China.
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Shi P, Wu J, Li M, Cao Y, Wu J, Ren P, Liu K, Zhou J, Sha Y, Zhang Q, Sun H. Upregulation of Hsp27 via further inhibition of histone H2A ubiquitination confers protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting glycolysis and enhancing mitochondrial function. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:466. [PMID: 38114486 PMCID: PMC10730859 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that ischemic glycolysis improves myocardial tolerance to anoxia and low-flow ischemia. The rate of glycolysis during ischemia reflects the severity of the injury caused by ischemia and subsequent functional recovery following reperfusion. Histone H2AK119 ubiquitination (H2Aub) is a common modification that is primarily associated with gene silencing. Recent studies have demonstrated that H2Aub contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study identified Hsp27 (heat shock protein 27) as a H2Aub binding protein and explored its involvement in mediating glycolysis and mitochondrial function. Functional studies revealed that inhibition of PRC1 (polycomb repressive complex 1) decreased H2Aub occupancy and promoted Hsp27 expression through inhibiting ubiquitination. Additionally, it increased glycolysis by activating the NF-κB/PFKFB3 signaling pathway during myocardial ischemia. Furthermore, Hsp27 reduced mitochondrial ROS production by chaperoning COQ9, and suppressed ferroptosis during reperfusion. A delivery system was developed based on PCL-PEG-MAL (PPM)-PCM-SH (CWLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW) to deliver PRT4165 (PRT), a potent inhibitor of PRC1, to damaged myocardium, resulting in decreased H2Aub. These findings revealed a novel epigenetic mechanism connecting glycolysis and ferroptosis in protecting the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Jiabi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Jiajun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Yuetong Sha
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China.
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Wen B, Luo L, Zeng Z, Luo X. MYL9 promotes squamous cervical cancer migration and invasion by enhancing aerobic glycolysis. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231208582. [PMID: 37950670 PMCID: PMC10640809 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231208582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the mechanism of squamous cervical cancer (SCC) progression. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to evaluate the expression of myosin light chain 9 (MYL9) in SCC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, Transwell and Boyden assays were used to assess the function of MYL9 in SCC progression. In addition, the levels of lactate and aerobic glycolysis were used to explore the detailed mechanism of MYL9 in SCC. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of MYL9 were elevated in SCC tissues, and MYL9 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion of SCC cell lines. A mechanistic study demonstrated that MYL9 promotes SCC migration and invasion by enhancing aerobic glycolysis and increasing the activity of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. CONCLUSIONS MYL9 was upregulated in SCC, and it enhanced JAK2/STAT3 pathway activity and promoted metastasis and glycolysis in SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wen
- The First Clinical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Limei Luo
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Department of Gynecology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiping Luo
- The First Clinical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Janfeshan S, Masjedi F, Karimi Z. Protective effects of limb remote ischemic per-conditioning on the heart injury induced by renal ischemic-reperfusion through the interaction of the apelin with the RAS/iNOS pathway. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 14:27567. [PMID: 38505676 PMCID: PMC10945303 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.27567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Remote ischemic conditioning upregulates endogenous protective pathways in response to ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study tested the hypothesis that limb remote ischemic per- conditioning (RIPerC) exerts cardioprotective effects via the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/apelin pathway. Methods Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) was induced by bilateral occlusion of the renal pedicles for 60 minutes, followed by 24 hours of reperfusion; sham-operated rats served as controls. RIPerC was induced by four cycles (5 minutes) of limb ischemia-reperfusion along with bilateral renal ischemia. The functional disturbance was evaluated by renal (BUN and creatinine) and cardiac (troponin I and lactate dehydrogenase) injury biomarkers. Results Renal I/R injury increased renal and cardiac injury biomarkers that were reduced in the RIPerC group. Histopathological findings of the kidney and heart were also suggestive of amelioration injury-induced changes in the RIPerC group. Assessment of cardiac electrophysiology revealed that RIPerC ameliorated the decline in P wave duration without significantly affecting other cardiac electrophysiological changes. Further, renal I/R injury increased the plasma (322.40±34.01 IU/L), renal (8.27±1.10 mIU/mg of Protein), and cardiac (68.28±10.28 mIU/mg of protein) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activities in association with elevations in the plasma and urine nitrite (25.47±2.01 & 16.62±3.05 μmol/L) and nitrate (15.47±1.33 & 5.01±0.96 μmol/L) levels; these changes were reversed by RIPerC. Further, renal ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly (P=0.047) decreased the renal (but not cardiac) apelin mRNA expression, while renal and cardiac ACE2 (P<0.05) and iNOS (P=0.043) mRNA expressions were significantly increased compared to the sham group; these effects were largely reversed by RIPerC. Conclusion Our results indicated that RIPerC protects the heart against renal ischemia- reperfusion injury, likely via interaction of the apelin with the RAS/iNOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Janfeshan
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Masjedi
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Karimi
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Deng RM, Zhou J. The role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110714. [PMID: 37523969 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia has a high incidence and mortality rate, and reperfusion is currently the standard intervention. However, reperfusion may lead to further myocardial damage, known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). There are currently no effective clinical treatments for MIRI. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in cardiovascular health and disease and plays an important role in reducing myocardial infarct size and restoring cardiac function after MIRI. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway provides myocardial protection through synergistic upregulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy activities and inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Many studies have shown that PI3K/Akt has a significant protective effect against MIRI. Here, we reviewed the molecular regulation of PI3K/Akt in MIRI and summarized the molecular mechanism by which PI3K/Akt affects MIRI, the effects of ischemic preconditioning and ischemic postconditioning, and the role of related drugs or activators targeting PI3K/Akt in MIRI, providing novel insights for the formulation of myocardial protection strategies. This review provides evidence of the role of PI3K/Akt activation in MIRI and supports its use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China.
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11
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Gao S, Qiu Y, Meng Y, Jia Y, Lang X, Zhao H, Sun H, Zhang J, Ding L. Blockage of PHLPP1 protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic mice via activation of STAT3 signaling. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2023; 55:325-339. [PMID: 37584737 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-023-09977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes can exacerbate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. However, the sensitivity to IR injury and the underlying mechanisms in diabetic hearts remain unclear. Inhibition of PH domain leucine-rich repeating protein phosphatase (PHLPP1) could reduce myocardial IR injury, our previous study demonstrated that the expression of PHLPP1 was upregulated in diabetic myocardial IR model. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism of PHLPP1 in diabetic myocardial IR injury. Nondiabetic and diabetic C57BL/6 mice underwent 45 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Male C57BL/6 mice were injected with streptozotocin for five consecutive days to establish a diabetes model. H9c2 cells were exposed to normal or high glucose and subjected to 4 h of hypoxia followed by 4 h of reoxygenation. Diabetes or hyperglycemia increased postischemic infarct size, cellular injury, release of creatine kinase-MB, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, while exacerbating mitochondrial dysfunction. This was accompanied by enhanced expression of PHLPP1 and decreased levels of p-STAT3 and p-Akt. These effects were counteracted by PHLPP1 knockdown. Moreover, PHLPP1 knockdown resulted in an increase in mitochondrial translocation of p-STAT3 Ser727 and nuclear translocation of p-STAT3 Tyr705 and p-STAT3 Ser727. However, the effect of PHLPP1 knockdown in reducing posthypoxic cellular damage was nullified by either Stattic or LY294002. Additionally, a co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated a direct interaction between PHLPP1 and p-STAT3 Ser727, but not p-STAT3 Tyr705. The abnormal expression of PHLPP1 plays a significant role in exacerbating myocardial IR injury in diabetic mice. Knockdown of PHLPP1 to activate the STAT3 signaling pathway may represent a novel strategy for alleviating myocardial IR injury in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yun Qiu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yuming Meng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yajuan Jia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Xuemei Lang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lianshu Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China.
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Cao Q, Liu L, Hu Y, Cao S, Tan T, Huang X, Deng Q, Chen J, Guo R, Zhou Q. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound of different intensities differently affects myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating cardiac oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1248056. [PMID: 37744362 PMCID: PMC10513435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1248056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of ischemic heart disease has reached pandemic levels worldwide. Early revascularization is currently the most effective therapy for ischemic heart diseases but paradoxically induces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Cardiac inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress are primarily involved in the pathology of MI/R injury. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been demonstrated to reduce cell injury by protecting against inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, but rarely on MI/R injury. Methods This study was designed to clarify whether LIPUS alleviates MI/R injury by alleviating inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress. Simultaneously, we have also tried to confirm which intensity of the LIPUS might be more suitable to ameliorate the MI/R injury, as well as to clarify the signaling mechanisms. MI/R and simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) were respectively induced in Sprague Dawley rats and human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs). LIPUS treatment, biochemical measurements, cell death assay, estimation of cardiac oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction, and protein detections by western blotting were performed according to the protocol. Results In our study, both in vivo and in vitro, LIPUS of 0.1 W/cm2 (LIPUS0.1) and 0.5 W/cm2 (LIPUS0.5) make no significant difference in the cardiomyocytes under normoxic condition. Under the hypoxic condition, MI/R injury, inflammatory reaction, and oxidative stress were partially ameliorated by LIPUS0.5 but were significantly aggravated by LIPUS of 2.5 W/cm2 (LIPUS2.5) both in vivo and in vitro. The activation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in cardiomyocytes with MI/R injury was partly rectified LIPUS0.5 both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Our study firstly demonstrated that LIPUS of different intensities differently affects MI/R injury by regulating cardiac inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress. Modulations on the ASK1/JNK pathway are the signaling mechanism by which LIPUS0.5 exerts cardioprotective effects. LIPUS0.5 is promising for clinical translation in protecting against MI/R injury. This will be great welfare for patients suffering from MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yugang Hu
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Cao
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tuantuan Tan
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Deng
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinling Chen
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiqiang Guo
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Kleinbongard P. Perspective: mitochondrial STAT3 in cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:32. [PMID: 37620559 PMCID: PMC10449977 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been identified as a key cardioprotective signal not only in animal studies but also in humans-in animals, STAT3 is causally involved in cardioprotection. In response to late ischemic conditioning, canonical function of STAT3 activation upregulates the expression of cardioprotective and anti-apoptotic proteins. In its non-canonical function, STAT3 is activated during ischemic conditioning and is part of the cardioprotective cytosolic survival activating factor enhancement pathway. Activated STAT3 is imported and localized to the mitochondria. Mitochondrial STAT3 stimulates the activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I, reduces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Finally, two novel aspects of STAT activation in cardioprotection are discussed: a genetic variance of the STAT encoding region as a potential primordial confounding variable for cardioprotection, and the cardioprotective potential of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors through STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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14
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Mao Y, Xu L, Xu J, Tang Y, Liu T. Application Value of Limb Ischemic Preconditioning in Preventing Intradialytic Hypotension during Maintenance Hemodialysis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:535-544. [PMID: 37497943 PMCID: PMC10614484 DOI: 10.1159/000531855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of limb ischemia preconditioning (LIPC) in the treatment of intradialytic hypotension (IDH) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS This was a single-center, prospective, and randomized controlled case study. A total of 38 patients with MHD who met the inclusion criteria from September 2021 to August 2022 were selected from the Blood Purification Center of our hospital. They were randomly divided into the LIPC group (n = 19) and the control group (n = 19). For patients in the LIPC group, the femoral artery blood flow was blocked with an LIPC instrument for 5 min (pressurized to 200 mm Hg) before each dialysis, and they were reperfused for 5 min. The cycle was repeated five times, with a total of 50 min for 12 weeks. The control group was pressurized to 20 mm Hg with an LIPC instrument, and the rest was the same as the LIPC group. The blood pressure of 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, and body weight before and after hemodialysis were measured in the two groups during hemodialysis, the incidence of IDH and the changes of serum troponin I (TNI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) levels before and after the intervention were observed, and the ultrafiltration volume and ultrafiltration rate were recorded. RESULTS At the 8th and 12th week after intervention, the MAP in the LIPC group was higher than that in the control group (103.28 ± 12.19 mm Hg vs. 93.18 ± 11.11 mm Hg, p = 0.04; 101.81 ± 11.36 mm Hg vs. 91.81 ± 11.92 mm Hg, p = 0.047). The incidence of IDH in the LIPC group was lower than that in the control group (36.5% vs. 43.1%, p = 0.01). The incidence of clinical treatment in IDH patients in the LIPC group was lower than that in the control group (6.3% vs. 12.4%, p = 0.00). The incidence of early termination of hemodialysis in the LIPC group was lower than that in the control group (1.6% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.01). The levels of TNI and CK-MB in the LIPC group after the intervention were lower than those in the control group (322.30 ± 13.72 ng/dL vs. 438.50 ± 24.72 ng/dL, p = 0.00; 159.78 ± 8.48 U/dL vs. 207.00 ± 8.70 U/dL, p = 0.00). The changes of MAP before and after the intervention were negatively correlated with the changes of TNI and CK-MB before and after the intervention (r = -0.473, p = 0.04; r = -0.469, p = 0.04). There were no differences in dry body mass and ultrafiltration rate between the two groups before and after the LIPC intervention (p > 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis shows that TNI is the main influencing factor of ΔMAP. No LIPC-related adverse events were found during the study period. CONCLUSION LIPC can effectively reduce the incidence of IDH in patients with MHD and may be associated with the alleviation of myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Mao
- Division of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China,
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,
| | - Linfang Xu
- Blood Purification Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Division of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yushang Tang
- Division of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Blood Purification Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Tongqiang Liu
- Division of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Blood Purification Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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15
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Pang Q, You L, Meng X, Li Y, Deng T, Li D, Zhu B. Regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway: The promising targets for cardiovascular disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115587. [PMID: 37187275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Individuals have known that Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway was involved in the growth of the cell, cell differentiation courses advancement, immune cellular survival, as well as hematopoietic system advancement. Researches in the animal models have already uncovered a JAK/STAT regulatory function in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), acute myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension, myocarditis, heart failure, angiogenesis and fibrosis. Evidences originating in these studies indicate a therapeutic JAK/STAT function in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this retrospection, various JAK/STAT functions in the normal and ill hearts were described. Moreover, the latest figures about JAK/STAT were summarized under the background of CVDs. Finally, we discussed the clinical transformation prospects and technical limitations of JAK/STAT as the potential therapeutic targets for CVDs. This collection of evidences has essential meanings for the clinical application of JAK/STAT as medicinal agents for CVDs. In this retrospection, various JAK/STAT functions in the normal and ill hearts were described. Moreover, the latest figures about JAK/STAT were summarized under the background of CVDs. Finally, we discussed the clinical transformation prospects and toxicity of JAK/STAT inhibitors as potential therapeutic targets for CVDs. This collection of evidences has essential meanings for the clinical application of JAK/STAT as medicinal agents for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Pang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu You
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangmin Meng
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Deng
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Deyong Li
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingmei Zhu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Xiong Y, Jian J, Yu H, Wu J, Mao H, Feng R, Wang L, Jian Y, Liu X. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside plays a protective role against renal ischemia/ reperfusion injury via the JAK/STAT pathway. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e381023. [PMID: 37132754 PMCID: PMC10158851 DOI: 10.1590/acb381023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the potential mechanisms. METHODS Mouse models were established by clamping the left renal vessels, and in vitro cellular models were established by hypoxic reoxygenation. RESULTS Renal dysfunction and tissue structural damage were significantly higher in the I/R group. After treatment with different concentrations of C3G, the levels of renal dysfunction and tissue structural damage decreased at different levels. And its protective effect was most pronounced at 200 mg/kg. The use of C3G reduced apoptosis as well as the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced apoptosis and ERS are dependent on oxidative stress in vitro. In addition, both AG490 and C3G inhibited the activation of JAK/STAT pathway and attenuated oxidative stress, ischemia-induced apoptosis and ERS. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that C3G blocked renal apoptosis and ERS protein expression by preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after I/R via the JAK/STAT pathway, suggesting that C3G may be a potential therapeutic agent for renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xiong
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Urology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Institute of Urologic Disease - Wuhan (Hubei), China
| | - Jun Jian
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Urology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Institute of Urologic Disease - Wuhan (Hubei), China
| | - Honglin Yu
- University of Science and Technology of China, The First Affiliated Hospital - Department of Radiology - Hefei (Anhui), China
| | - Jiejun Wu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Urology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Institute of Urologic Disease - Wuhan (Hubei), China
| | - Hu Mao
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Urology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Institute of Urologic Disease - Wuhan (Hubei), China
| | - Ruikang Feng
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Urology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Institute of Urologic Disease - Wuhan (Hubei), China
| | - Lei Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Urology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Institute of Urologic Disease - Wuhan (Hubei), China
| | - Yonghong Jian
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Nephrology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
| | - Xiuheng Liu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Urology - Wuhan (Hubei), China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University - Institute of Urologic Disease - Wuhan (Hubei), China
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Lieder HR, Skyschally A, Sturek M, Heusch G, Kleinbongard P. Remote ischemic conditioning in Ossabaw minipigs induces the release of humoral cardioprotective triggers, but the myocardium does not respond with reduced infarct size. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1365-H1375. [PMID: 36367697 PMCID: PMC9744643 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00580.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC; brief cycles of coronary occlusion/reperfusion) is operative in all species tested so far and reduces infarct size through the release of trigger molecules and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 in pigs. We have recently demonstrated that IPC failed to protect Ossabaw minipigs, which had a genetic predisposition to, but not yet established a metabolic syndrome, from infarction and did not activate STAT3. We now subjected Ossabaw minipigs to remote ischemic conditioning (RIC; 4 × 5 min/5 min bilateral hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion) and analyzed the release of cardioprotective triggers into the circulation with the aim to distinguish whether IPC failed to stimulate trigger release or to activate intracellular signaling cascades upstream of STAT3. RIC or a placebo protocol, respectively, was induced in anesthetized pigs before 60 min/180 min coronary occlusion/reperfusion. Plasma, prepared from Ossabaw minipigs after RIC or placebo, was infused into isolated rat hearts subjected to 30 min/120 min global ischemia-reperfusion. In the Ossabaw minipigs, RIC did not reduce infarct size (49.5 ± 12.1 vs. 56.0 ± 11.8% of area at risk with placebo), and STAT3 was not activated. In isolated rat hearts, infusion of RIC plasma reduced infarct size (19.7 ± 6.7 vs. 33.2 ± 5.5% of ventricular mass with placebo) and activated STAT3. Pretreatment of rat hearts with the STAT3 inhibitor stattic abrogated such infarct size reduction and STAT3 activation. In conclusion, Ossabaw minipigs release cardioprotective triggers in response to RIC into the circulation, and lack of cardioprotection is attributed to myocardial nonresponsiveness.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ischemic conditioning reduces myocardial infarct size in all species tested so far. In the present study, we used Ossabaw minipigs that had a genetic predisposition to, but not yet established a metabolic syndrome. In these pigs, remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) induced the release of cardioprotective triggers but did not reduce infarct size. Transfer of their plasma, however, reduced infarct size in isolated recipient rat hearts, along with signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Raphael Lieder
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Wang Q, Ju F, Li J, Liu T, Zuo Y, Abbott GW, Hu Z. Empagliflozin protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19323. [PMID: 36369319 PMCID: PMC9652474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) can induce acute kidney injury. Empagliflozin is a newly developed inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) approved as an antidiabetic medication for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite the established cardioprotective functions of empagliflozin, its protective role in renal I/R is unclear. Here, the present study evaluated the renoprotective effects of empagliflozin in a mouse model of renal I/R injury. Male C57/BL6 mice were allocated to sham-operated, I/R, and empagliflozin groups. Kidney pedicles on both sides were clamped for 45 min and were reperfused for 24 h. Empagliflozin (1 mg/kg) was administered to the mice for 2 days preischemia. The GSK-3β inhibitor SB216763 was administered intravenously at the beginning of reperfusion (0.1 mg/kg). Renal function and histological scores were evaluated. The kidneys were taken for immunohistochemical analysis, western blotting and apoptosis measurements. We found that empagliflozin decreased serum levels of creatinine and urea, reduced the average kidney weight-to-tibia length ratio, attenuated tubular damage, reduced renal proinflammatory cytokine expression and inhibited apoptosis in injured kidneys. Furthermore, empagliflozin increased renal glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylation post I/R. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β activity mimicked the renal protective effects offered by empagliflozin. In summary, these results support a protective role of empagliflozin against renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Feng Ju
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Jiaxue Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Ting Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yunxia Zuo
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Geoffrey W. Abbott
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Zhaoyang Hu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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Niu R, Wang L, Yang W, Sun L, Tao J, Sun H, Mei S, Wang W, Feng K, Qian D, Bai X. MicroRNA-582-5p targeting Creb1 modulates apoptosis in cardiomyocytes hypoxia/reperfusion-induced injury. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e708. [PMID: 36301033 PMCID: PMC9601879 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) caused by the reperfusion therapy of myocardial ischemic diseases is a kind of major disease that threatens human health and lives severely. There are lacking of effective therapeutic measures for MIRI. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant in mammalian species and play a critical role in the initiation, promotion, and progression of MIRI. However, the biological role and molecular mechanism of miRNAs in MIRI are not entirely clear. METHODS We used bioinformatics analysis to uncover the significantly different miRNA by analyzing transcriptome sequencing data from myocardial tissue in the mouse MIRI model. Multiple miRNA-related databases, including miRdb, PicTar, and TargetScan were used to forecast the downstream target genes of the differentially expressed miRNA. Then, the experimental models, including male C57BL/6J mice and HL-1 cell line, were used for subsequent experiments including quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blot analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, flow cytometry, luciferase assay, gene interference, and overexpression. RESULTS MiR-582-5p was found to be differentially upregulated from the transcriptome sequencing data. The elevated levels of miR-582-5p were verified in MIRI mice and hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R)-induced HL-1 cells. Functional experiments revealed that miR-582-5p promoted apoptosis of H/R-induced HL-1 cells via downregulating cAMP-response element-binding protein 1 (Creb1). The inhibiting action of miR-582-5p inhibitor on H/R-induced apoptosis was partially reversed after Creb1 interference. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the research findings reported that upregulation of miR-582-5p promoted H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting Creb1. The potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting miR-582-5p and Creb1 could be beneficial for the MIRI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐Ze Niu
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryKunming Medical University First Affiliated HospitalKunmingYunnanChina,Department of Animal ZoologyKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Lu‐Qiao Wang
- Department of CardiologyKunming Medical University First Affiliated HospitalKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of AnesthesiologyKunming Medical University First Affiliated HospitalKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Li‐Zhong Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryKunming Medical University First Affiliated HospitalKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Huang Sun
- Department of CardiologyKunming Medical University First Affiliated HospitalKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Song Mei
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryKunming Medical University First Affiliated HospitalKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Wen‐Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryKunming Medical University First Affiliated HospitalKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Ke‐Xiang Feng
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryKunming Medical University First Affiliated HospitalKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Dian‐Lun Qian
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryKunming Medical University First Affiliated HospitalKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xiang‐Feng Bai
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryKunming Medical University First Affiliated HospitalKunmingYunnanChina
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20
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Molecular Mechanisms and Health Benefits of Ghrelin: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194191. [PMID: 36235843 PMCID: PMC9572668 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, an endogenous brain-gut peptide, is secreted in large quantities, mainly from the stomach, in humans and rodents. It can perform the biological function of activating the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Since its discovery in 1999, ample research has focused on promoting its effects on the human appetite and pleasure-reward eating. Extensive, in-depth studies have shown that ghrelin is widely secreted and distributed in tissues. Its role in neurohumoral regulation, such as metabolic homeostasis, inflammation, cardiovascular regulation, anxiety and depression, and advanced cancer cachexia, has attracted increasing attention. However, the effects and regulatory mechanisms of ghrelin on obesity, gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation, cardiovascular disease, stress regulation, cachexia treatment, and the prognosis of advanced cancer have not been fully summarized. This review summarizes ghrelin's numerous effects in participating in a variety of biochemical pathways and the clinical significance of ghrelin in the regulation of the homeostasis of organisms. In addition, potential mechanisms are also introduced.
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21
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Wang Y, Shou X, Fan Z, Cui J, Xue D, Wu Y. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Phytoestrogen Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Pre-Clinical Evidence From Small Animal Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:847748. [PMID: 35668938 PMCID: PMC9166621 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.847748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phytoestrogens are a class of natural compounds that have structural similarities to estrogens. They have been identified to confer potent cardioprotective effects in experimental myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) animal models. We aimed to investigate the effect of PE on MIRI and its intrinsic mechanisms. Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify PEs that have been validated in animal studies or clinical studies as effective against MIRI. Then, we collected studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria from January 2016 to September 2021. The SYRCLE's RoB tool was used to evaluate the quality. Data were analyzed by STATA 16.0 software. Results: The search yielded 18 phytoestrogens effective against heart disease. They are genistein, quercetin, biochanin A, formononetin, daidzein, kaempferol, icariin, puerarin, rutin, notoginsenoside R1, tanshinone IIA, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rb3, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, resveratrol, polydatin, and bakuchiol. Then, a total of 20 studies from 17 articles with a total of 355 animals were included in this meta-analysis. The results show that PE significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size in MIRI animals compared with the control group (p < 0.001). PE treatment significantly reduced the creatine kinase level (p < 0.001) and cTnI level (p < 0.001), increased left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.001) and left ventricular fractional shortening (p < 0.001) in MIRI animals. In addition, PE also exerts a significant heart rate lowering effect (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Preclinical evidence suggests that PE can be multi-targeted for cardioprotective effects in MIRI. More large animal studies and clinical research are still needed in the future to further confirm its role in MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xintian Shou
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongjing Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Donghua Xue
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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22
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Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for myocardial infarction. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:78. [PMID: 35273164 PMCID: PMC8913803 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) has improved considerably, it is still a worldwide disease with high morbidity and high mortality. Whilst there is still a long way to go for discovering ideal treatments, therapeutic strategies committed to cardioprotection and cardiac repair following cardiac ischemia are emerging. Evidence of pathological characteristics in MI illustrates cell signaling pathways that participate in the survival, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy of cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes, and stem cells. These signaling pathways include the key players in inflammation response, e.g., NLRP3/caspase-1 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB; the crucial mediators in oxidative stress and apoptosis, for instance, Notch, Hippo/YAP, RhoA/ROCK, Nrf2/HO-1, and Sonic hedgehog; the controller of myocardial fibrosis such as TGF-β/SMADs and Wnt/β-catenin; and the main regulator of angiogenesis, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, JAK/STAT, Sonic hedgehog, etc. Since signaling pathways play an important role in administering the process of MI, aiming at targeting these aberrant signaling pathways and improving the pathological manifestations in MI is indispensable and promising. Hence, drug therapy, gene therapy, protein therapy, cell therapy, and exosome therapy have been emerging and are known as novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for MI by regulating these associated pathways, which contribute to inhibiting cardiomyocytes death, attenuating inflammation, enhancing angiogenesis, etc. so as to repair and re-functionalize damaged hearts.
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23
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Zhao C, Ren Y, Zhang Y. NDRG4 Alleviates Myocardial Infarction-Induced Apoptosis through the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4869470. [PMID: 35126626 PMCID: PMC8814718 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4869470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE At present, studies have confirmed that NDRG4 is specifically expressed in the heart, while its effect on the heart is still unclear. This study is to explore the effect of NDRG4 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis caused by acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into Sham (left anterior descent of heart without ligation) and AMI groups. In this study, coronary artery ligation was used to establish an AMI model, and the AMI model was verified by auxiliary examination and pathological examination. Besides, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB) was used to detect the expression level of Bax and Bcl-2 in heart tissues, and NDRG mRNA levels in tissues were also detected. qRT-PCR technology was used to verify the transfection efficiency of NDRG4 in H9C2 cells, and the change of apoptosis level of H9C2 cells was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and TUNEL staining; besides, the expression level of apoptosis-related factors was detected by WB and qRT-PCR technology. Simultaneously with the modeling of rats, we injected adenovirus (Ad) into the heart tissue and examined the structural and functional changes of the rat heart. Then, WB technology was used to detect the expression level of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. RESULTS The heart function and heart structure of rats in the MI group were dramatically worse, and the expression level of NDRG4 was also dramatically reduced. The overexpression of NDRG4 in H9C2 cells can effectively inhibit the ischemia/hypoxia- (I/H-) induced decrease in cell viability and increase in apoptosis rate and inhibit the increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, overexpression of NDRG4 in heart tissue can effectively improve the cardiac function and structural destruction caused by MI. In addition, NDRG4 can inhibit JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation. CONCLUSION The expression of NDRG4 in the MI tissue of rats was suppressed, while overexpression of NDRG4 by injection of Ad can obviously protect the rat heart. Furthermore, overexpression of NDRG4 in H9C2 cells can effectively inhibit the I/H-induced decrease in cell viability and increase in apoptosis rate, and this may be related to the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology 4, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000 Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Department of Cardiology 4, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000 Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yachao Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, 161000 Heilongjiang, China
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24
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Cardioprotective Effect of circ_SMG6 Knockdown against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Correlates with miR-138-5p-Mediated EGR1/TLR4/TRIF Inactivation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1927260. [PMID: 35126807 PMCID: PMC8813281 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1927260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased neutrophil recruitment represents a hallmark event in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury due to the ensuing inflammatory response. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulatory molecules involved in cell physiology and pathology. Herein, we analyzed the role of a novel circRNA circ_SMG6 in the regulation of neutrophil recruitment following I/R injury, which may associate with the miR-138-5p/EGR1/TLR4/TRIF axis. Myocardial I/R injury was modeled in vivo by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery followed by reperfusion in mice and in vitro by exposing a cardiomyocyte cell line (HL-1) to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of the circ_SMG6/miR-138-5p/EGR1/TLR4/TRIF axis on cardiac functions, myocardial infarction, myocardial enzyme levels, cardiomyocyte activities, and neutrophil recruitment. We found that the EGR1 expression was increased in myocardial tissues of I/R mice. Knockdown of EGR1 was found to attenuate I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction and infarction area, pathological damage, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations showed that circ_SMG6 competitively bound to miR-138-5p and consequently led to upregulation of EGR1, thus facilitating myocardial I/R injury in mice and H/R-induced cell injury. Additionally, ectopic EGR1 expression augmented neutrophil recruitment and exacerbated the ensuing I/R injury, which was related to the activated TLR4/TRIF signaling pathway. Overall, our findings suggest that circ_SMG6 may deteriorate myocardial I/R injury by promoting neutrophil recruitment via the miR-138-5p/EGR1/TLR4/TRIF signaling. This pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target in the management of myocardial I/R injury.
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25
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Wang J, Wang X, Du W, Xue Z, Huang W, Guan Z, Wang H. BI-1 ameliorates myocardial injury by activating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and FUNDC1-related mitophagy in cardiorenal syndrome type 3. Cell Signal 2021; 91:110218. [PMID: 34921980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies the myocardial injury seen following cardiorenal syndrome type 3 (CRS-3). Both mitophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) are protective programs that preserve mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we explored whether Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) overexpression attenuates CRS-3-related myocardial injury through activation of mitophagy and the UPRmt in cardiomyocytes. Following CRS-3 induction via renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, BI-1 transgenic (BI1TG) mice showed greater preservation of myocardial integrity and relaxation function and less cardiomyocyte apoptosis than wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, BI-1 overexpression attenuated CRS-3-mediated myocardial inflammation, as indicated by decreased MCP-1 and IL-6 expression and normalized ATP production in cardiomyocytes. After CRS-3 induction, mitophagy was inhibited in cardiomyocytes from WT mice, as indicated by both decreased Fundc1 transcription and mt-Keima fluorescence, and modest activation of the UPRmt, denoted by a slight increase in Atf6 mRNA levels. By contrast, activation of mitophagy and marked UPRmt upregulation were observed in cardiac tissue from BI1TG mice. shRNA-mediated silencing of Fundc1 or Atf6 greatly impaired mitochondrial metabolism and survival in cultured cardiomyocytes overexpressing BI-1. Thus, upregulation of BI-1 expression aimed at activating mitophagy and the UPRmt may represent a useful therapeutic approach for the treatment of CRS-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China.
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Laboratory of Radiation Injury Treatment, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Zhenpeng Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China.
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Effect of sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and ileal transposition on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in non-obese non-diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23888. [PMID: 34903800 PMCID: PMC8668951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) improves outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Here we tested the hypothesis that BS-mediated reduction in fatal MI could be attributed to its infarct-limiting effect. Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: control (CON), sham (SHAM), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and ileotransposition (IT). Ten weeks later, animals were subjected to 30-min myocardial ischemia plus 120-min reperfusion. Infarct size (IS) and no-reflow area were determined histochemically. Fasting plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, ghrelin, and insulin were measured using ELISA. Compared with SHAM, RYGB and SG reduced IS by 22% (p = 0.011) and 10% (p = 0.027), and no-reflow by 38% (p = 0.01) and 32% (p = 0.004), respectively. IT failed to reduce IS and no-reflow. GLP-1 level was increased in the SG and RYGB groups compared with CON. In both the SG and RYGB, leptin level was decreased compared with CON and SHAM. In the SG group, ghrelin level was lower than that in the CON and SHAM. Insulin levels were not different between groups. In conclusion, RYGB and SG increased myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury of non-obese, non-diabetic rats, and their infarct-limiting effect is associated with decreased leptin and ghrelin levels and increased GLP-1 level.
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Wu D, Kampmann E, Qian G. Novel Insights Into the Role of Mitochondria-Derived Peptides in Myocardial Infarction. Front Physiol 2021; 12:750177. [PMID: 34777013 PMCID: PMC8582487 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.750177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) are a new class of bioactive peptides encoded by small open reading frames (sORFs) within known mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes. MDPs may affect the expression of nuclear genes and play cytoprotective roles against chronic and age-related diseases by maintaining mitochondrial function and cell viability in the face of metabolic stress and cytotoxic insults. In this review, we summarize clinical and experimental findings indicating that MDPs act as local and systemic regulators of glucose homeostasis, immune and inflammatory responses, mitochondrial function, and adaptive stress responses, and focus on evidence supporting the protective effects of MDPs against myocardial infarction. These insights into MDPs actions suggest their potential in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and should encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Enny Kampmann
- School of Life Sciences, City College of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Geng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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28
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Fu J, Mu G, Liu X, Ou C, Zhao J. Ischemic postconditioning reduces spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury through ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Spinal Cord 2021; 60:326-331. [PMID: 34616009 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-021-00714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Animal study. OBJECTIVES Explore the neuroprotective effect of remote limb ischemic postconditioning (Post C) in spinal cord ischemic reperfusion injury (SCII) and related mechanisms. SETTING Anesthesiology Laboratory of Southwest Medical University. METHODS We established a rabbit SCII model and processed it with Post C. To evaluate the neural function, spinal cord tissue was taken 48 h later, normal neurons were evaluated by HE staining, and the expression of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) marker molecule Kir6.2 was detected by Western blot. Immunofluorescence detection of spinal cord Iba-1 expression, ELISA detection of M1 type microglia marker iNOS and M2 type microglia marker Arg, and Western blot detection of NF-κB and IL-1β expression. Through these experiments, we will explore the protective effect of Post C in SCII, observe the changes in the protective effect after using KATP blockers, and verify that Post C can play a neuroprotective effect in SCII by activating KATP. RESULTS We observed that Post C significantly improved exercise ability and the number of spinal motor neurons in the SCII model. Microglia are activated and expression of M1 microglia in the spinal cord was decreased, while M2 was increased. This neuroprotective effect was reversed by the nonspecific KATP inhibitor. CONCLUSION Post C has a neuroprotective effect on SCII, and maybe a protective effect produced by activating KATP to regulate spinal microglia polarization and improve neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- Department of Pain Management, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guo Mu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, China.
| | - Xiangbo Liu
- Department of Pain Management, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cehua Ou
- Department of Pain Management, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiaomei Zhao
- Department of Pain Management, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Hou X, Li L, Chen S, Ge C, Shen M, Fu Z. MKP-1 Overexpression Reduces Postischemic Myocardial Damage through Attenuation of ER Stress and Mitochondrial Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8905578. [PMID: 34512872 PMCID: PMC8433005 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8905578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contribute to postischemic myocardial damage, but the upstream regulatory mechanisms have not been identified. In this study, we analyzed the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) in the regulation of mitochondrial function and ER stress in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Our results show that MKP-1 overexpression sustains viability and reduces hypoxia-induced apoptosis among H9C2 cardiomyocytes. MKP-1 overexpression attenuates ER stress and expression of ER stress genes and improves mitochondrial function in hypoxia-treated H9C2 cells. MKP-1 overexpression also increases ATP production and mitochondrial respiration and attenuates mitochondrial oxidative damage in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Moreover, our results demonstrate that ERK and JNK are the downstream signaling targets of MKP-1 and that MKP-1 overexpression activates ERK, while it inhibits JNK. Inhibition of ERK reduces the ability of MKP-1 to preserve mitochondrial function and ER homeostasis in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. These results show that MKP-1 plays an essential role in the regulation of mitochondrial function and ER stress in hypoxic H9C2 cardiomyocytes through normalization of the ERK pathway and suggest that MKP-1 may serve as a novel target for the treatment of postischemic myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Hou
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Li
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, China
| | - Cheng Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, China
| | - Mingzhi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, China
| | - Zhenhong Fu
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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LATS2 Deletion Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1058872. [PMID: 34457109 PMCID: PMC8390173 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1058872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Reperfusion therapy is the most effective treatment for acute myocardial infarction, but it can damage cardiomyocytes through a mechanism known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). In this study, we investigated whether the large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) contributes to the development of myocardial MIRI by disrupting mitochondrial biogenesis. Our in vitro data demonstrate that cardiomyocyte viability was reduced and apoptosis was increased in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. However, suppression of LATS2 by shRNA sustained cardiomyocyte viability by maintaining mitochondrial function. Compared to H/R-treated control cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocytes transfected with LATS2 shRNA exhibited increased mitochondrial respiration, improved mitochondrial ATP generation, and more stable mitochondrial membrane potential. LATS2 suppression increased cardiomyocyte viability and mitochondrial biogenesis in a manner dependent on PGC1α, a key regulator of mitochondrial metabolism. These results identify LATS2 as a new inducer of mitochondrial damage and myocardial MIRI and suggest that approaches targeting LATS2 or mitochondrial biogenesis may be beneficial in the clinical management of cardiac MIRI.
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31
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Zhang J, Zhang F, Wang Y. Mitofusin-2 Enhances Mitochondrial Contact With the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Promotes Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2021; 12:707634. [PMID: 34305656 PMCID: PMC8298037 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.707634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy has been associated with mitochondrial damage. Mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact is an important determinant of mitochondrial function and ER homeostasis. We therefore investigated whether hyperglycemia can damage the mitochondria by increasing their contact with the ER in cardiomyocytes. We found that hyperglycemia induced mitochondria–ER contact in cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by the increased MMM1, MDM34, and BAP31 expressions. Interestingly, the silencing of Mfn2 reduced the cooperation between the mitochondria and the ER in cardiomyocytes. Mfn2 silencing improved cardiomyocyte viability and function under hyperglycemic conditions. Additionally, the silencing of Mfn2 markedly attenuated the release of calcium from the ER to the mitochondria, thereby preserving mitochondrial metabolism in cardiomyocytes under hyperglycemic conditions. Mfn2 silencing reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, which reduced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in hyperglycemia-treated cardiomyocytes. Finally, Mfn2 silencing attenuated ER stress in cardiomyocytes subjected to high-glucose stress. These results demonstrate that Mfn2 promotes mitochondria–ER contact in hyperglycemia-treated cardiomyocytes. The silencing of Mfn2 sustained mitochondrial function, suppressed mitochondrial calcium overload, prevented mitochondrial apoptosis, and reduced ER stress, thereby enhancing cardiomyocyte survival under hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjing, China
| | - Yanou Wang
- Health Management Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjing, China
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Cui J, Hu Z, Li T, Guo Z, Luo W, Huang Z. Clinical Study on Long-Term Sinus Reversion Rate and Left Atrial Function Recovery of Mitral Valve Disease with Atrial Fibrillation under Modified Surgical Radiofrequency Ablation. Cardiol Res Pract 2021; 2021:5667364. [PMID: 34306748 PMCID: PMC8279874 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5667364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the long-term sinus reversion rate and recovery of left atrial function after modified surgical radiofrequency ablation for permanent atrial fibrillation caused by mitral valve disease. From March 2014 to May 2020, 35 patients who underwent modified surgical radiofrequency ablation during cardiac valve surgery in our hospital were selected as the study group, and 25 normal individuals without cardiac structural changes were selected as the control group. The time of modified surgical radiofrequency ablation and long-term sinus reversion rate were measured, and left atrial anteroposterior, superoinferior, left and right diameters, left atrial ejection fraction, left atrial filling index, and left atrial ejection force were measured before and 6 months after surgery. The mean ablation time was 23.2 min, and the long-term sinus reversion rate was 80.0%. The left atrium diameter decreased and the left atrium ejection fraction increased after the operation (P < 0.05). The left atrium filling index and ejection force were significantly increased in 28 patients with sinus reversion (P < 0.05). The decrease in left atrial diameter and the increase in left atrial ejection fraction were correlated with sinus conversion after surgery (P < 0.05). The modified operation is simple, the curative effect is definite, and the sinus reversion rate is high, which is beneficial to the restoration of left atrial structure, ejection function, and hemodynamic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingle Cui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhongshan, ZhongShan City 528400, China
| | - Ziyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhongshan, ZhongShan City 528400, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhongshan, ZhongShan City 528400, China
| | - Ziyang Guo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhongshan, ZhongShan City 528400, China
| | - Weiquan Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhongshan, ZhongShan City 528400, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhongshan, ZhongShan City 528400, China
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Novel Insight into the Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Pathogenesis of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5529810. [PMID: 33854692 PMCID: PMC8019635 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5529810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is followed by evolutionarily conserved cell stress responses, which are employed by cells, including cardiomyocytes, to maintain and/or restore ER homeostasis. ER stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to degrade and remove abnormal proteins from the ER lumen. Although the UPR is an intracellular defense mechanism to sustain cardiomyocyte viability and heart function, excessive activation initiates ER-dependent cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological process occurring during or after revascularization of ischemic myocardium. Several molecular mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac I/R injury. Due to the dual protective/degradative effects of ER stress on cardiomyocyte viability and function, it is of interest to understand the basic concepts, regulatory signals, and molecular processes involved in ER stress following myocardial I/R injury. In this review, therefore, we present recent findings related to the novel components of ER stress activation. The complex effects of ER stress and whether they mitigate or exacerbate myocardial I/R injury are summarized to serve as the basis for research into potential therapies for cardioprotection through control of ER homeostasis.
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Acute Hypobaric and Hypoxic Preconditioning Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Cardiol Res Pract 2021; 2021:6617374. [PMID: 33815836 PMCID: PMC7990552 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6617374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic and/or intermittent exposure to hypobaric hypoxia reportedly exerts cardioprotective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, few studies have focused on the cardioprotective effects of acute and/or short-term hypobaric and hypoxic exposures. This study investigated the effects of acute hypobaric hypoxia on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Materials and Methods Rats were assigned to groups receiving normobaric normoxia (NN group), hypobaric hypoxia (HH group), or normobaric hypoxia (NH group). HH group rats were exposed to 60.8 kPa and 12.6% fraction of inspired oxygen in a hypobaric chamber for 6 h. NH group rats were exposed to hypoxic conditions under normal pressure. After each exposure, 30 min of myocardial ischemia was followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Cardiac function and infarct size were determined after reperfusion. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) was also measured. Results Cardiac function was better preserved in the HH and NH groups than in the NN group (p < 0.01 each). Median infarct size/area at risk was significantly lower in the HH group (50%, interquartile range [IQR] 48–54%; p < 0.01 vs. NN group) and NH group (45%, IQR 36–50%; p < 0.01 vs. NN group) than in the NN group (72%, IQR 69–75%). HIF1α expression was significantly higher in the HH group (p < 0.05 vs. NN group) and NH group (p < 0.01 vs. NN group) than in the NN group. Conclusions Exposure to acute and/or short-term hypobaric and hypoxic conditions might exert cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via HIF1α modulation.
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Melatonin Attenuates ox-LDL-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction by Reducing ER Stress and Inhibiting JNK/Mff Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5589612. [PMID: 33763168 PMCID: PMC7952160 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5589612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, which is characterized by damage to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, is involved in a variety of cardiovascular disorders. Here, we explored whether mitochondrial damage and ER stress are associated with endothelial dysfunction. We also examined whether and how melatonin protects against oxidized low-density lipoprotein- (ox-LDL-) induced damage in endothelial cells. We found that CHOP, GRP78, and PERK expressions, which are indicative of ER stress, increased significantly in response to ox-LDL treatment. ox-LDL also induced mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial ROS levels, and downregulation of mitochondrial protective factors. In addition, ox-LDL inhibited antioxidative processes, as evidenced by decreased antioxidative enzyme activity and reduced Nrf2/HO-1 expression. Melatonin clearly reduced ER stress and promoted mitochondrial function and antioxidative processes in the presence of ox-LDL. Molecular investigation revealed that ox-LDL activated the JNK/Mff signaling pathway, and melatonin blocked this effect. These results demonstrate that ox-LDL induces ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and activates the JNK/Mff signaling pathway, thereby contributing to endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, melatonin inhibited JNK/Mff signaling and sustained ER homeostasis and mitochondrial function, thereby protecting endothelial cells against ox-LDL-induced damage.
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Wang L, Tang Y, He H, Wei W. Liraglutide restores late cardioprotective effects of remote preconditioning in diabetic rats via activation of hydrogen sulfide and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 36:e360207. [PMID: 33656046 PMCID: PMC7909944 DOI: 10.1590/acb360207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study explored the influence of liraglutide on remote preconditioning-mediated cardioprotection in diabetes mellitus along with the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). METHODS Streptozotocin was given to rats to induce diabetes mellitus and rats were kept for eight weeks. Four cycles of ischemia and reperfusion were given to hind limb to induce remote preconditioning. After 24 h, hearts were isolated and subjected to 30 min of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion on Langendorff system. Liraglutide was administered along with remote preconditioning. Cardiac injury was assessed by measuring the release of creatine kinase (CK-MB), cardiac troponin (cTnT) and development of left ventricular developed pressure. After ischemia-reperfusion, hearts were homogenized to measure the nuclear cytoplasmic ratio of Nrf2, H2S and HIF-1α levels. RESULTS In diabetic rats, there was more pronounced injury and the cardioprotective effects of remote preconditioning were not observed. Administration of liraglutide restored the cardioprotective effects of remote preconditioning in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, liraglutide increased the Nrf2, H2S and HIF-1α levels in remote preconditioning-subjected diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide restores the lost cardioprotective effects of remote preconditioning in diabetes by increasing the expression of Nrf2, H2S and HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yinyan Tang
- The Forth People’s Hospital of Yongzhou, China
| | - Huimin He
- The Forth People’s Hospital of Yongzhou, China
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Pearce L, Davidson SM, Yellon DM. Does remote ischaemic conditioning reduce inflammation? A focus on innate immunity and cytokine response. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:12. [PMID: 33629195 PMCID: PMC7904035 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) have been difficult to translate to humans, when considering traditional outcome measures, such as mortality and heart failure. This paper reviews the recent literature of the anti-inflammatory effects of RIC, with a particular focus on the innate immune response and cytokine inhibition. Given the current COVID-19 pandemic, the inflammatory hypothesis of cardiac protection is an attractive target on which to re-purpose such novel therapies. A PubMed/MEDLINE™ search was performed on July 13th 2020, for the key terms RIC, cytokines, the innate immune system and inflammation. Data suggest that RIC attenuates inflammation in animals by immune conditioning, cytokine inhibition, cell survival and the release of anti-inflammatory exosomes. It is proposed that RIC inhibits cytokine release via a reduction in nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB)-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome production. In vivo, RIC attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine release in myocardial/cerebral infarction and LPS models of endotoxaemia. In the latter group, cytokine inhibition is associated with a profound survival benefit. Further clinical trials should establish whether the benefits of RIC in inflammation can be observed in humans. Moreover, we must consider whether uncomplicated MI and elective surgery are the most suitable clinical conditions in which to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Pearce
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
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Coronary Endothelium No-Reflow Injury Is Associated with ROS-Modified Mitochondrial Fission through the JNK-Drp1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6699516. [PMID: 33613824 PMCID: PMC7878075 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6699516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery no-reflow is a complex problem in the area of reperfusion therapy, and the molecular mechanisms underlying coronary artery no-reflow injury have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we explored whether oxidative stress caused damage to coronary endothelial cells by inducing mitochondrial fission and activating the JNK pathway. The hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was induced in vitro to mimic coronary endothelial no-reflow injury, and mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial function, and endothelial cell viability were analyzed using western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence. Our data indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly induced upon H/R injury, and this was followed by decreased endothelial cell viability. Mitochondrial fission was induced and mitochondrial bioenergetics were impaired in cardiac endothelial cells after H/R injury. Neutralization of ROS reduced mitochondrial fission and protected mitochondrial function against H/R injury. Our results also demonstrated that ROS stimulated mitochondrial fission via JNK-mediated Drp1 phosphorylation. These findings indicate that the ROS-JNK-Drp1 signaling pathway may be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial cell damage during H/R injury. Novel treatments for coronary no-reflow injury may involve targeting mitochondrial fission and the JNK-Drp1 signaling pathway.
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Wu JW, Hu H, Li D, Ma LK. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha-dependent induction of IL-6 protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3443-3458. [PMID: 33428604 PMCID: PMC7906200 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) results in increased myocardial infarct size and leads to poor clinical outcomes. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF2α) exerts myocardial protective effects during MIRI through as yet unclear mechanisms. Here, we show that knockdown of HIF2α with cardiotropic recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9) in mouse hearts significantly increased the infarct sizes during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R). In addition, HIF2α transcriptionally regulated the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in cardiomyocytes to elicit cardioprotection. Likewise, IL-6 deficiency aggravated MIRI, while treatment with recombinant IL-6 had cardioprotective effects and rescued the mice with HIF2α knockdown. Furthermore, IL-6 treatment significantly activated the PI3K/Akt and STAT3 signaling pathways in the myocardium during MI/R, and the specific inhibitors wortmannin (specific phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor) and Stattic (specific STAT3 inhibitor) substantially abolished HIF2α/IL-6-induced cardioprotection. These studies suggest that HIF2α transcription regulates the expression of IL-6 in cardiomyocytes and plays a protective role during MI/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Li-Kun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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Zou H, Liu G. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress through activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway attenuates hypoxia-mediated cardiomyocyte damage. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:532-537. [PMID: 33023351 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1831534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanxue Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Yuyao People’s Hospital, Yuyao, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Yuyao People’s Hospital, Yuyao, China
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