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Wang H, Zeng R. Aberrant protein aggregation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2024; 271:4826-4851. [PMID: 38869826 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease. As its pathological mechanisms are not well understood, there are no efficient therapeutics for it at present. While it is highly heterogenous both etiologically and clinically, it has a common salient hallmark, i.e., aberrant protein aggregation (APA). The upstream pathogenesis and the downstream effects of APA in ALS are sophisticated and the investigation of this pathology would be of consequence for understanding ALS. In this paper, the pathomechanism of APA in ALS and the candidate treatment strategies for it are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaixiu Wang
- Department Neurology, Shanxi Provincial Peoples Hospital: Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China.
- Beijing Ai-Si-Kang Medical Technology Co. Ltd., No. 18 11th St Economical & Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department Neurology, Shanxi Provincial Peoples Hospital: Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
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Rowe RK, Schulz P, He P, Mannino GS, Opp MR, Sierks MR. Acute sleep deprivation in mice generates protein pathology consistent with neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1436966. [PMID: 39114483 PMCID: PMC11303328 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1436966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insufficient or disturbed sleep is strongly associated with adverse health conditions, including various neurodegenerative disorders. While the relationship between sleep and neurodegenerative disease is likely bidirectional, sleep disturbances often predate the onset of other hallmark clinical symptoms. Neuronal waste clearance is significantly more efficient during sleep; thus, disturbed sleep may lead to the accumulation of neuronal proteins that underlie neurodegenerative diseases. Key pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases include an accumulation of misfolded or misprocessed variants of amyloid beta (Aβ), tau, alpha synuclein (α-syn), and TarDNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43). While the presence of fibrillar protein aggregates of these neuronal proteins are characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases, the presence of small soluble toxic oligomeric variants of these different proteins likely precedes the formation of the hallmark aggregates. Methods We hypothesized that sleep deprivation would lead to accumulation of toxic oligomeric variants of Aβ, tau, α-syn, and TDP-43 in brain tissue of wild-type mice. Adult mice were subjected to 6 h of sleep deprivation (zeitgeber 0-6) for 5 consecutive days or were left undisturbed as controls. Following sleep deprivation, brains were collected, and protein pathology was assessed in multiple brain regions using an immunostain panel of reagents selectively targeting neurodegenerative disease-related variants of Aβ, tau, α-syn, and TDP-43. Results Overall, sleep deprivation elevated levels of all protein variants in at least one of the brain regions of interest. The reagent PDTDP, targeting a TDP-43 variant present in Parkinson's disease, was elevated throughout the brain. The cortex, caudoputamen, and corpus callosum brain regions showed the highest accumulation of pathology following sleep deprivation. Discussion These data provide a direct mechanistic link between sleep deprivation, and the hallmark protein pathologies of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Rowe
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Philip Schulz
- Chemical Engineering, The School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Ping He
- Chemical Engineering, The School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Grant S. Mannino
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Mark R. Opp
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Michael R. Sierks
- Chemical Engineering, The School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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Clayton EL, Huggon L, Cousin MA, Mizielinska S. Synaptopathy: presynaptic convergence in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2024; 147:2289-2307. [PMID: 38451707 PMCID: PMC11224618 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are common forms of neurodegenerative disease that share overlapping genetics and pathologies. Crucially, no significantly disease-modifying treatments are available for either disease. Identifying the earliest changes that initiate neuronal dysfunction is important for designing effective intervention therapeutics. The genes mutated in genetic forms of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have diverse cellular functions, and multiple disease mechanisms have been proposed for both. Identification of a convergent disease mechanism in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis would focus research for a targetable pathway, which could potentially effectively treat all forms of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (both familial and sporadic). Synaptopathies are diseases resulting from physiological dysfunction of synapses, and define the earliest stages in multiple neuronal diseases, with synapse loss a key feature in dementia. At the presynapse, the process of synaptic vesicle recruitment, fusion and recycling is necessary for activity-dependent neurotransmitter release. The unique distal location of the presynaptic terminal means the tight spatio-temporal control of presynaptic homeostasis is dependent on efficient local protein translation and degradation. Recently, numerous publications have shown that mutations associated with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis present with synaptopathy characterized by presynaptic dysfunction. This review will describe the complex local signalling and membrane trafficking events that occur at the presynapse to facilitate neurotransmission and will summarize recent publications linking frontotemporal dementia/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetic mutations to presynaptic function. This evidence indicates that presynaptic synaptopathy is an early and convergent event in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and illustrates the need for further research in this area, to identify potential therapeutic targets with the ability to impact this convergent pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Clayton
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Laura Huggon
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Michael A Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sarah Mizielinska
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London SE5 9RT, UK
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Carata E, Muci M, Mariano S, Di Giulio S, Nigro A, Romano A, Panzarini E. Extracellular Vesicles from NSC-34 MN-like Cells Transfected with Mutant SOD1 Modulate Inflammatory Status of Raw 264.7 Macrophages. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:735. [PMID: 38927671 PMCID: PMC11202944 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease targeting the brain and spinal cord. Non-neuronal cells, including macrophages, may contribute to the disruption of motor neurons (MNs), neuromuscular junction dismantling and clinical signs of ALS. Understanding the modality and the effect of MNs-macrophage communication is pivotal. Here, we focus on extracellular vesicle (EVS)-mediated communication and, in particular, we analyze the response of macrophages. NSC-34 cells transfected with mutant SOD1 (G93A, A4V, G85R, G37R) and differentiated towards MN-like cells, and Raw 264.7 macrophages are the cellular models of the study. mSOD1 NSC-34 cells release a high number of vesicles, both large-lEVs (300 nm diameter) and small-sEVs (90 nm diameter), containing inflammation-modulating molecules, and are efficiently taken up by macrophages. RT-PCR analysis of inflammation mediators demonstrated that the conditioned medium of mSOD1 NSC-34 cells polarizes Raw 264.7 macrophages towards both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. sEVs act on macrophages in a time-dependent manner: an anti-inflammatory response mediated by TGFβ firstly starts (12 h); successively, the response shifts towards a pro-inflammation IL-1β-mediated (48 h). The response of macrophages is strictly dependent on the SOD1 mutation type. The results suggest that EVs impact physiological and behavioral macrophage processes and are of potential relevance to MN degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Carata
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Marco Muci
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Stefania Mariano
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Simona Di Giulio
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Annamaria Nigro
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandro Romano
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Elisa Panzarini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
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Zhu L, Bai D, Wang X, Ou K, Li B, Jia Q, Tan Z, Liang J, He D, Yan S, Wang L, Li S, Li XJ, Yin P. Pathologic TDP-43 downregulates myelin gene expression in the monkey brain. Brain Pathol 2024:e13277. [PMID: 38779803 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that non-neuronal oligodendrocyte plays an important role in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases. In patient's brain, the impaired myelin structure is a pathological feature with the observation of TDP-43 in cytoplasm of oligodendrocyte. However, the mechanism underlying the gain of function by TDP-43 in oligodendrocytes, which are vital for the axonal integrity, remains unclear. Recently, we found that the primate-specific cleavage of truncated TDP-43 fragments occurred in cytoplasm of monkey neural cells. This finding opened up the avenue to investigate the myelin integrity affected by pathogenic TDP-43 in oligodendrocytes. In current study, we demonstrated that the truncated TDP-35 in oligodendrocytes specifically, could lead to the dysfunctional demyelination in corpus callosum of monkey. As a consequence of the interaction of myelin regulatory factor with the accumulated TDP-35 in cytoplasm, the downstream myelin-associated genes expression was downregulated at the transcriptional level. Our study aims to investigate the potential effect on myelin structure injury, affected by the truncated TDP-43 in oligodendrocyte, which provided the additional clues on the gain of function during the progressive pathogenesis and symptoms in TDP-43 related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhong Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dazhang Bai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaili Ou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Jia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tan
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Department of Medical Imaging, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dajian He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang QJ, Lin J, Wang YL, Chen L, Ding Y, Zheng FZ, Song HH, Lv AW, Li YY, Guo QF, Lin MT, Hu W, Xu LQ, Zhao WL, Fang L, Cui MC, Fu ZF, Chen WJ, Zhang J, Wang ZQ, Wang N, Fu Y. Detection of pTDP-43 via routine muscle biopsy: A promising diagnostic biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Pathol 2024:e13261. [PMID: 38602336 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease, pathologically characterized by TDP-43 aggregates. Recent evidence has been indicated that phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) is present not only in motor neurons but also in muscle tissues. However, it is unclear whether testing pTDP-43 aggregation in muscle tissue would assist in the diagnosis of ALS. We propose three key questions: (i) Is aggregation of pTDP-43 detectable in routine biopsied muscles? (ii) Can detection of pTDP-43 aggregation discriminate between ALS and non-ALS patients? (iii) Can pTDP-43 aggregation be observed in the early stages of ALS? We conducted a diagnostic study comprising 2 groups: an ALS group in which 18 cases underwent muscle biopsy screened from a registered ALS cohort consisting of 802 patients and a non-ALS control group, in which we randomly selected 54 muscle samples from a biospecimen bank of 684 patients. Among the 18 ALS patients, 3 patients carried pathological GGGGCC repeats in the C9ORF72 gene, 2 patients carried SOD1 mutations, and 7 patients were at an early stage with only one body region clinically affected. The pTDP-43 accumulation could be detected in routine biopsied muscles, including biceps brachii, deltoid, tibialis anterior, and quadriceps. Abnormal aggregation of pTDP-43 was present in 94.4% of ALS patients (17/18) compared to 29.6% of non-ALS controls (16/54; p < 0.001). The pTDP-43 aggregates were mainly close to the sarcolemma. Using a semi-quantified pTDP-43 aggregates score, we applied a cut-off value of 3 as a diagnostic biomarker, resulting in a sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 83.3%. Moreover, we observed that accumulation of pTDP-43 occurred in muscle tissues prior to clinical symptoms and electromyographic lesions. Our study provides proof-of-concept for the detection of pTDP-43 accumulation via routine muscle biopsy which may serve as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - You-Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fu-Ze Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huan-Huan Song
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ao-Wei Lv
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Fu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min-Ting Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liu-Qing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Long Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Chao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Fu
- Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wan-Jin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Human Brain Bank for Health and Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Silva-Hucha S, Fernández de Sevilla ME, Humphreys KM, Benson FE, Franco JM, Pozo D, Pastor AM, Morcuende S. VEGF expression disparities in brainstem motor neurons of the SOD1 G93A ALS model: Correlations with neuronal vulnerability. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00340. [PMID: 38472048 PMCID: PMC11070718 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neuromuscular disease characterized by severe muscle weakness mainly due to degeneration and death of motor neurons. A peculiarity of the neurodegenerative processes is the variable susceptibility among distinct neuronal populations, exemplified by the contrasting resilience of motor neurons innervating the ocular motor system and the more vulnerable facial and hypoglossal motor neurons. The crucial role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a neuroprotective factor in the nervous system is well-established since a deficit of VEGF has been related to motoneuronal degeneration. In this study, we investigated the survival of ocular, facial, and hypoglossal motor neurons utilizing the murine SOD1G93A ALS model at various stages of the disease. Our primary objective was to determine whether the survival of the different brainstem motor neurons was linked to disparate VEGF expression levels in resilient and susceptible motor neurons throughout neurodegeneration. Our findings revealed a selective loss of motor neurons exclusively within the vulnerable nuclei. Furthermore, a significantly higher level of VEGF was detected in the more resistant motor neurons, the extraocular ones. We also examined whether TDP-43 dynamics in the brainstem motor neuron of SOD mice was altered. Our data suggests that the increased VEGF levels observed in extraocular motor neurons may potentially underlie their resistance during the neurodegenerative processes in ALS in a TDP-43-independent manner. Our work might help to better understand the underlying mechanisms of selective vulnerability of motor neurons in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Silva-Hucha
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Medawar Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Kirsty M Humphreys
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Fiona E Benson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jaime M Franco
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - David Pozo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, 41092, Seville, Spain; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Universidad de Sevilla Medical School, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Angel M Pastor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Sara Morcuende
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Babazadeh A, Rayner SL, Lee A, Chung RS. TDP-43 as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases: Focusing on motor neuron disease and frontotemporal dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102085. [PMID: 37813308 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
A common feature of adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases is the presence of characteristic pathological accumulations of specific proteins. These pathological protein depositions can vary in their protein composition, cell-type distribution, and intracellular (or extracellular) location. For example, abnormal cytoplasmic protein deposits which consist of the TDP-43 protein are found within motor neurons in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, a common form of motor neuron disease) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The presence of these insoluble intracellular TDP-43 inclusions suggests that restoring TDP-43 homeostasis represents a potential therapeutical strategy, which has been demonstrated in alleviating neurodegenerative symptoms in cell and animal models of ALS/FTD. We have reviewed the mechanisms that lead to disrupted TDP-43 homeostasis and discussed how small molecule-based therapies could be applied in modulating these mechanisms. This review covers recent advancements and challenges in small molecule-based therapies that could be used to clear pathological forms of TDP-43 through various protein homeostasis mechanisms and advance the way towards finding effective therapeutical drug discoveries for neurodegenerative diseases characterized by TDP-43 proteinopathies, especially ALS and FTD. We also consider the wider insight of these therapeutic strategies for other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Babazadeh
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Stephanie L Rayner
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Albert Lee
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Roger S Chung
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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9
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Cascella R, Banchelli M, Abolghasem Ghadami S, Ami D, Gagliani MC, Bigi A, Staderini T, Tampellini D, Cortese K, Cecchi C, Natalello A, Adibi H, Matteini P, Chiti F. An in situ and in vitro investigation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions reveals the absence of a clear amyloid signature. Ann Med 2023; 55:72-88. [PMID: 36495262 PMCID: PMC9746631 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2148734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Several neurodegenerative conditions are associated with a common histopathology within neurons of the central nervous system, consisting of the deposition of cytoplasmic inclusions of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). Such inclusions have variably been described as morphologically and molecularly ordered aggregates having amyloid properties, as filaments without the cross-β-structure and dye binding specific for amyloid, or as amorphous aggregates with no defined structure and fibrillar morphology.Aims and Methods: Here we have expressed human full-length TDP-43 in neuroblastoma x spinal cord 34 (NSC-34) cells to investigate the morphological, structural, and tinctorial properties of TDP-43 inclusions in situ. We have used last-generation amyloid diagnostic probes able to cross the cell membrane and detect amyloid in the cytoplasm and have adopted Raman and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopies to study in situ the secondary structure of the TDP-43 protein in the inclusions. We have then used transmission electron microscopy to study the morphology of the TDP-43 inclusions.Results: The results show the absence of amyloid dye binding, the lack of an enrichment of cross-β structure in the inclusions, and of a fibrillar texture in the round inclusions. The aggregates formed in vitro from the purified protein under conditions in which it is initially native also lack all these characteristics, ruling out a clear amyloid-like signature.Conclusions: These findings indicate a low propensity of TDP-43 to form amyloid fibrils and even non-amyloid filaments, under conditions in which the protein is initially native and undergoes its typical nucleus-to-cell mislocalization. It cannot be excluded that filaments emerge on the long time scale from such inclusions, but the high propensity of the protein to form initially other types of inclusions appear to be an essential characteristic of TDP-43 proteinopathies.KEY MESSAGESCytoplasmic inclusions of TDP-43 formed in NSC-34 cells do not stain with amyloid-diagnostic dyes, are not enriched with cross-β structure, and do not show a fibrillar morphology.TDP-43 assemblies formed in vitro from pure TDP-43 do not have any hallmarks of amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Banchelli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliani
- Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Staderini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Tampellini
- U 1195 INSERM-Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,Institut Professeur Baulieu, Paris, France
| | - Katia Cortese
- Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Milan, Italy
| | - Hadi Adibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Paolo Matteini
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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10
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Elmansy MF, Reidl CT, Rahaman M, Özdinler PH, Silverman RB. Small molecules targeting different cellular pathologies for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:2260-2302. [PMID: 37243319 PMCID: PMC10592673 DOI: 10.1002/med.21974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease in which the motor neuron circuitry displays progressive degeneration, affecting mostly the motor neurons in the brain and in the spinal cord. There are no effective cures, albeit three drugs, riluzole, edaravone, and AMX0035 (a combination of sodium phenylbutyrate and taurursodiol), have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, with limited improvement in patients. There is an urgent need to build better and more effective treatment strategies for ALS. Since the disease is very heterogenous, numerous approaches have been explored, such as targeting genetic mutations, decreasing oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, enhancing mitochondrial function and protein degradation mechanisms, and inhibiting neuroinflammation. In addition, various chemical libraries or previously identified drugs have been screened for potential repurposing in the treatment of ALS. Here, we review previous drug discovery efforts targeting a variety of cellular pathologies that occur from genetic mutations that cause ALS, such as mutations in SOD1, C9orf72, FUS, and TARDP-43 genes. These mutations result in protein aggregation, which causes neuronal degeneration. Compounds used to target cellular pathologies that stem from these mutations are discussed and comparisons among different preclinical models are presented. Because the drug discovery landscape for ALS and other motor neuron diseases is changing rapidly, we also offer recommendations for a novel, more effective, direction in ALS drug discovery that could accelerate translation of effective compounds from animals to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F. Elmansy
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Cory T. Reidl
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Mizzanoor Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - P. Hande Özdinler
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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You J, Youssef MMM, Santos JR, Lee J, Park J. Microglia and Astrocytes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Disease-Associated States, Pathological Roles, and Therapeutic Potential. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1307. [PMID: 37887017 PMCID: PMC10603852 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Microglial and astrocytic reactivity is a prominent feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Microglia and astrocytes have been increasingly appreciated to play pivotal roles in disease pathogenesis. These cells can adopt distinct states characterized by a specific molecular profile or function depending on the different contexts of development, health, aging, and disease. Accumulating evidence from ALS rodent and cell models has demonstrated neuroprotective and neurotoxic functions from microglia and astrocytes. In this review, we focused on the recent advancements of knowledge in microglial and astrocytic states and nomenclature, the landmark discoveries demonstrating a clear contribution of microglia and astrocytes to ALS pathogenesis, and novel therapeutic candidates leveraging these cells that are currently undergoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin You
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Mohieldin M. M. Youssef
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jhune Rizsan Santos
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jooyun Lee
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jeehye Park
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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12
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Dennys CN, Roussel F, Rodrigo R, Zhang X, Sierra Delgado A, Hartlaub A, Saelim-Ector A, Ray W, Heintzman S, Fox A, Kolb SJ, Beckman J, Franco MC, Meyer K. CuATSM effectively ameliorates ALS patient astrocyte-mediated motor neuron toxicity in human in vitro models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Glia 2023; 71:350-365. [PMID: 36213964 PMCID: PMC10092379 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Patient diversity and unknown disease cause are major challenges for drug development and clinical trial design for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Transgenic animal models do not adequately reflect the heterogeneity of ALS. Direct reprogramming of patient fibroblasts to neuronal progenitor cells and subsequent differentiation into patient astrocytes allows rapid generation of disease relevant cell types. Thus, this methodology can facilitate compound testing in a diverse genetic background resulting in a more representative population for therapeutic evaluation. Here, we used established co-culture assays with motor neurons and reprogrammed patient skin-derived astrocytes (iAs) to evaluate the effects of (SP-4-2)-[[2,2'-(1,2-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediylidene)bis[N-methylhydrazinecarbothioamidato-κN2 ,κS]](2-)]-copper (CuATSM), currently in clinical trial for ALS in Australia. Pretreatment of iAs with CuATSM had a differential effect on neuronal survival following co-culture with healthy motor neurons. Using this assay, we identified responding and non-responding cell lines for both sporadic and familial ALS (mutant SOD1 and C9ORF72). Importantly, elevated mitochondrial respiration was the common denominator in all CuATSM-responders, a metabolic phenotype not observed in non-responders. Pre-treatment of iAs with CuATSM restored mitochondrial activity to levels comparable to healthy controls. Hence, this metabolic parameter might allow selection of patient subpopulations best suited for CuATSM treatment. Moreover, CuATSM might have additional therapeutic value for mitochondrial disorders. Enhanced understanding of patient-specific cellular and molecular profiles could help improve clinical trial design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra N Dennys
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Florence Roussel
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rochelle Rodrigo
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea Sierra Delgado
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Annalisa Hartlaub
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Asya Saelim-Ector
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Will Ray
- Mathematics Department, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah Heintzman
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashley Fox
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen J Kolb
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph Beckman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Maria Clara Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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13
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Scotter EL, Cao MC, Jansson D, Rustenhoven J, Smyth LCD, Aalderink MC, Siemens A, Fan V, Wu J, Mee EW, Faull RLM, Dragunow M. The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked protein TDP-43 regulates interleukin-6 cytokine production by human brain pericytes. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 123:103768. [PMID: 36038081 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal movement disorder involving degeneration of motor neurons through dysfunction of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43. Pericytes, the perivascular cells of the blood-brain, blood-spinal cord, and blood-CSF barriers also degenerate in ALS. Indeed, pericytes are among the earliest cell types to show gene expression changes in pre-symptomatic animal models of ALS. This suggests that pericyte degeneration precedes neurodegeneration and may involve pericyte cell-autonomous TDP-43 dysfunction. Here we determined the effect of TDP-43 dysfunction in human brain pericytes on interleukin 6 (IL-6), a critical secreted inflammatory mediator reported to be regulated by TDP 43. Primary human brain pericytes were cultured from biopsy tissue from epilepsy surgeries and TDP-43 was silenced using siRNA. TDP-43 silencing of pericytes stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β or tumour necrosis factor alpha, robustly suppressed the induction of IL-6 transcript and protein. IL-6 regulation by TDP-43 did not involve the assembly of TDP-43 nuclear splicing bodies, and did not occur via altered splicing of IL6. Instead, transcriptome-wide analysis by RNA-Sequencing identified a poison exon in the IL6 destabilising factor HNRNPD (AUF1) as a splicing target of TDP-43. Our data support a model whereby TDP-43 silencing favours destabilisation of IL6 mRNA, via enhanced AU-rich element-mediated decay by HNRNP/AUF1. This suggests that cell-autonomous deficits in TDP-43 function in human brain pericytes would suppress their production of IL-6. Given the importance of the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers in maintaining motor neuron health, TDP-43 in human brain pericytes may represent a cellular target for ALS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Scotter
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Maize C Cao
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Deidre Jansson
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Leon C D Smyth
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Miranda C Aalderink
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew Siemens
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Vicky Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jane Wu
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Edward W Mee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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14
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Broadhead MJ, Bonthron C, Waddington J, Smith WV, Lopez MF, Burley S, Valli J, Zhu F, Komiyama NH, Smith C, Grant SGN, Miles GB. Selective vulnerability of tripartite synapses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:471-486. [PMID: 35305541 PMCID: PMC8960590 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Separate lines of evidence suggest that synapses and astrocytes play a role in the pathological mechanisms underlying ALS. Given that astrocytes make specialised contacts with some synapses, called tripartite synapses, we hypothesise that tripartite synapses could act as the fulcrum of disease in ALS. To test this hypothesis, we have performed an extensive microscopy-based investigation of synapses and tripartite synapses in the spinal cord of ALS model mice and post-mortem human tissue from ALS cases. We reveal widescale synaptic changes at the early symptomatic stages of the SOD1G93a mouse model. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that large complex postsynaptic structures are lost in ALS mice. Most surprisingly, tripartite synapses are selectively lost, while non-tripartite synapses remain in equal number to healthy controls. Finally, we also observe a similar selective loss of tripartite synapses in human post-mortem ALS spinal cords. From these data we conclude that tripartite synaptopathy is a key hallmark of ALS.
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15
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Role of the Ubiquitin System in Stress Granule Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073624. [PMID: 35408984 PMCID: PMC8999021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells react to various stress conditions with the rapid formation of membrane-less organelles called stress granules (SGs). SGs form by multivalent interactions between RNAs and RNA-binding proteins and are believed to protect stalled translation initiation complexes from stress-induced degradation. SGs contain hundreds of different mRNAs and proteins, and their assembly and disassembly are tightly controlled by post-translational modifications. The ubiquitin system, which mediates the covalent modification of target proteins with the small protein ubiquitin (‘ubiquitylation’), has been implicated in different aspects of SG metabolism, but specific functions in SG turnover have only recently emerged. Here, we summarize the evidence for the presence of ubiquitylated proteins at SGs, review the functions of different components of the ubiquitin system in SG formation and clearance, and discuss the link between perturbed SG clearance and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. We conclude that the ubiquitin system plays an important, medically relevant role in SG biology.
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16
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Milicevic K, Rankovic B, Andjus PR, Bataveljic D, Milovanovic D. Emerging Roles for Phase Separation of RNA-Binding Proteins in Cellular Pathology of ALS. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:840256. [PMID: 35372329 PMCID: PMC8965147 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.840256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is emerging as a major principle for the mesoscale organization of proteins, RNAs, and membrane-bound organelles into biomolecular condensates. These condensates allow for rapid cellular responses to changes in metabolic activities and signaling. Nowhere is this regulation more important than in neurons and glia, where cellular physiology occurs simultaneously on a range of time- and length-scales. In a number of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), misregulation of biomolecular condensates leads to the formation of insoluble aggregates—a pathological hallmark of both sporadic and familial ALS. Here, we summarize how the emerging knowledge about the LLPS of ALS-related proteins corroborates with their aggregation. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to protein aggregation in ALS and how cells respond to these aggregates promises to open new directions for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Milicevic
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislava Rankovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavle R. Andjus
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Bataveljic
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Danijela Bataveljic, ; Dragomir Milovanovic,
| | - Dragomir Milovanovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Danijela Bataveljic, ; Dragomir Milovanovic,
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17
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Moreira R, Mendonça LS, Pereira de Almeida L. Extracellular Vesicles Physiological Role and the Particular Case of Disease-Spreading Mechanisms in Polyglutamine Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212288. [PMID: 34830171 PMCID: PMC8621536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research demonstrated pathological spreading of the disease-causing proteins from one focal point across other brain regions for some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Spreading mediated by extracellular vesicles is one of the proposed disease-spreading mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles are cell membrane-derived vesicles, used by cells for cell-to-cell communication and excretion of toxic components. Importantly, extracellular vesicles carrying pathological molecules, when internalized by "healthy" cells, may trigger pathological pathways and, consequently, promote disease spreading to neighboring cells. Polyglutamine diseases are a group of genetic neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of mutant misfolded proteins carrying an expanded tract of glutamines, including Huntington's and Machado-Joseph disease. The pathological spread of the misfolded proteins or the corresponding mutant mRNA has been explored. The understanding of the disease-spreading mechanism that plays a key role in the pathology progression of these diseases can result in the development of effective therapeutic approaches to stop disease progression, arresting the spread of the toxic components and disease aggravation. Therefore, the present review's main focus is the disease-spreading mechanisms with emphasis on polyglutamine diseases and the putative role played by extracellular vesicles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana S. Mendonça
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.S.M.); (L.P.d.A.); Tel.: +351-239-820-190 (L.S.M.)
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.S.M.); (L.P.d.A.); Tel.: +351-239-820-190 (L.S.M.)
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18
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Tsitkanou S, Della Gatta PA, Abbott G, Wallace MA, Lindsay A, Gerlinger-Romero F, Walker AK, Foletta VC, Russell AP. miR-23a suppression accelerates functional decline in the rNLS8 mouse model of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 162:105559. [PMID: 34774794 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction may contribute to the progression and severity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the present study, we characterized the skeletal muscle pathophysiology in an inducible transgenic mouse model (rNLS8) that develops a TAR-DNA binding protein (TDP-43) proteinopathy and ALS-like neuropathology and disease progression; representative of >90% of all familial and sporadic ALS cases. As we previously observed elevated levels of miR-23a in skeletal muscle of patients with familial and sporadic ALS, we also investigated the effect of miR-23a suppression on skeletal muscle pathophysiology and disease severity in rNLS8 mice. Five weeks after disease onset TDP-43 protein accumulation was observed in tibialis anterior (TA), quadriceps (QUAD) and diaphragm muscle lysates and associated with skeletal muscle atrophy. In the TA muscle TDP-43 was detected in muscle fibres that appeared atrophied and angular in appearance and that also contained β-amyloid aggregates. These fibres were also positive for neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), but not embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMHC), indicating TDP-43/ β-amyloid localization in denervated muscle fibres. There was an upregulation of genes associated with myogenesis and NMJ degeneration and a decrease in the MURF1 atrophy-related protein in skeletal muscle. Suppression of miR-23a impaired rotarod performance and grip strength and accelerated body weight loss during early stages of disease progression. This was associated with increased AchRα mRNA expression and decreased protein levels of PGC-1α. The TDP-43 proteinopathy-induced impairment of whole body and skeletal muscle functional performance is associated with muscle wasting and elevated myogenic and NMJ stress markers. Suppressing miR-23a in the rNLS8 mouse model of ALS contributes to an early acceleration of disease progression as measured by decline in motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Tsitkanou
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Marita A Wallace
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Angus Lindsay
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Frederico Gerlinger-Romero
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria C Foletta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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19
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Muratet F, Teyssou E, Chiot A, Boillée S, Lobsiger CS, Bohl D, Gyorgy B, Guegan J, Marie Y, Amador MDM, Salachas F, Meininger V, Bernard E, Antoine JC, Camdessanché JP, Camu W, Cazeneuve C, Fauret-Amsellem AL, Leguern E, Mouzat K, Guissart C, Lumbroso S, Corcia P, Vourc'h P, Grapperon AM, Attarian S, Verschueren A, Seilhean D, Millecamps S. Impact of a frequent nearsplice SOD1 variant in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: optimising SOD1 genetic screening for gene therapy opportunities. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:942-949. [PMID: 33785574 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-325921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1), encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase protein, are the second most frequent high penetrant genetic cause for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) motor neuron disease in populations of European descent. More than 200 missense variants are reported along the SOD1 protein. To limit the production of these aberrant and deleterious SOD1 species, antisense oligonucleotide approaches have recently emerged and showed promising effects in clinical trials. To offer the possibility to any patient with SOD1-ALS to benefit of such a gene therapy, it is necessary to ascertain whether any variant of unknown significance (VUS), detected for example in SOD1 non-coding sequences, is pathogenic. METHODS We analysed SOD1 mutation distribution after SOD1 sequencing in a large cohort of 470 French familial ALS (fALS) index cases. RESULTS We identified a total of 27 SOD1 variants in 38 families including two SOD1 variants located in nearsplice or intronic regions of the gene. The pathogenicity of the c.358-10T>G nearsplice SOD1 variant was corroborated based on its high frequency (as the second most frequent SOD1 variant) in French fALS, the segregation analysis confirmed in eight affected members of a large pedigree, the typical SOD1-related phenotype observed (with lower limb onset and prominent lower motor neuron involvement), and findings on postmortem tissues showing SOD1 misaccumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlighted nearsplice/intronic mutations in SOD1 are responsible for a significant portion of French fALS and suggested the systematic analysis of the SOD1 mRNA sequence could become the method of choice for SOD1 screening, not to miss these specific cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Muratet
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Elisa Teyssou
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Aude Chiot
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Séverine Boillée
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Christian S Lobsiger
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Delphine Bohl
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Beata Gyorgy
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Justine Guegan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Yannick Marie
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Maria Del Mar Amador
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France.,AP-HP, Département de Neurologie, Centre de référence SLA Ile de France, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Francois Salachas
- AP-HP, Département de Neurologie, Centre de référence SLA Ile de France, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Vincent Meininger
- Hôpital des Peupliers, Ramsay General Health Group, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Emilien Bernard
- Centre de référence SLA, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Bron, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Antoine
- Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressource et de Compétence SLA, Hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Camdessanché
- Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressource et de Compétence SLA, Hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - William Camu
- Centre de référence SLA, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Cécile Cazeneuve
- Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Unité Fonctionnelle de neurogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Anne-Laure Fauret-Amsellem
- Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Unité Fonctionnelle de neurogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Eric Leguern
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France.,Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Unité Fonctionnelle de neurogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Kevin Mouzat
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHU Nimes, Nîmes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France.,Motoneuron Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapy, INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Claire Guissart
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHU Nimes, Nîmes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France.,Motoneuron Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapy, INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Serge Lumbroso
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHU Nimes, Nîmes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France.,Motoneuron Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapy, INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- Centre de référence SLA, Département de Neurologie, CHRU Tours, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France.,UMR 1253, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- UMR 1253, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France.,Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Tours, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France
| | - Aude-Marie Grapperon
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Neuromusculaire et la SLA, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
| | - Shahram Attarian
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Neuromusculaire et la SLA, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
| | - Annie Verschueren
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Neuromusculaire et la SLA, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
| | - Danielle Seilhean
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France.,Département de Neuropathologie, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Stéphanie Millecamps
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
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20
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Russell KL, Downie JM, Gibson SB, Tsetsou S, Keefe MD, Duran JA, Figueroa KP, Bromberg MB, Murtaugh LC, Bonkowsky JL, Pulst SM, Jorde LB. Pathogenic Effect of TP73 Gene Variants in People With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurology 2021; 97:e225-e235. [PMID: 34135078 PMCID: PMC8302149 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify novel disease associated loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we used sequencing data and performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to demonstrate pathogenicity of mutations identified in TP73. METHODS We analyzed exome sequences of 87 patients with sporadic ALS and 324 controls, with confirmatory sequencing in independent ALS cohorts of >2,800 patients. For the top hit, TP73, a regulator of apoptosis and differentiation and a binding partner and homolog of the tumor suppressor gene TP53, we assayed mutation effects using in vitro and in vivo experiments. C2C12 myoblast differentiation assays, characterization of myotube appearance, and immunoprecipitation of p53-p73 complexes were performed in vitro. In vivo, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 targeting of zebrafish tp73 to assay motor neuron number and axon morphology. RESULTS Four heterozygous rare, nonsynonymous mutations in TP73 were identified in our sporadic ALS cohort. In independent ALS cohorts, we identified an additional 19 rare, deleterious variants in TP73. Patient TP73 mutations caused abnormal differentiation and increased apoptosis in the myoblast differentiation assay, with abnormal myotube appearance. Immunoprecipitation of mutant ΔN-p73 demonstrated that patient mutations hinder the ability of ΔN-p73 to bind p53. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of tp73 in zebrafish led to impaired motor neuron development and abnormal axonal morphology, concordant with ALS pathology. CONCLUSION Together, these results strongly suggest that variants in TP73 correlate with risk for ALS and indicate a role for apoptosis in ALS disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L Russell
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (K.L.R., J.A.D., L.C.M., L.B.J.), Neurology (S.B.G., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.), and Pediatrics (M.D.K., J.L.B.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Medicine (J.M.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Brain and Spine Center (J.L.B.), Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT.
| | - Jonathan M Downie
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (K.L.R., J.A.D., L.C.M., L.B.J.), Neurology (S.B.G., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.), and Pediatrics (M.D.K., J.L.B.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Medicine (J.M.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Brain and Spine Center (J.L.B.), Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Summer B Gibson
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (K.L.R., J.A.D., L.C.M., L.B.J.), Neurology (S.B.G., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.), and Pediatrics (M.D.K., J.L.B.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Medicine (J.M.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Brain and Spine Center (J.L.B.), Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Spyridoula Tsetsou
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (K.L.R., J.A.D., L.C.M., L.B.J.), Neurology (S.B.G., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.), and Pediatrics (M.D.K., J.L.B.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Medicine (J.M.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Brain and Spine Center (J.L.B.), Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Matthew D Keefe
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (K.L.R., J.A.D., L.C.M., L.B.J.), Neurology (S.B.G., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.), and Pediatrics (M.D.K., J.L.B.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Medicine (J.M.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Brain and Spine Center (J.L.B.), Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jerry A Duran
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (K.L.R., J.A.D., L.C.M., L.B.J.), Neurology (S.B.G., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.), and Pediatrics (M.D.K., J.L.B.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Medicine (J.M.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Brain and Spine Center (J.L.B.), Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (K.L.R., J.A.D., L.C.M., L.B.J.), Neurology (S.B.G., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.), and Pediatrics (M.D.K., J.L.B.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Medicine (J.M.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Brain and Spine Center (J.L.B.), Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Mark B Bromberg
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (K.L.R., J.A.D., L.C.M., L.B.J.), Neurology (S.B.G., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.), and Pediatrics (M.D.K., J.L.B.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Medicine (J.M.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Brain and Spine Center (J.L.B.), Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - L Charles Murtaugh
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (K.L.R., J.A.D., L.C.M., L.B.J.), Neurology (S.B.G., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.), and Pediatrics (M.D.K., J.L.B.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Medicine (J.M.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Brain and Spine Center (J.L.B.), Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Joshua L Bonkowsky
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (K.L.R., J.A.D., L.C.M., L.B.J.), Neurology (S.B.G., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.), and Pediatrics (M.D.K., J.L.B.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Medicine (J.M.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Brain and Spine Center (J.L.B.), Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (K.L.R., J.A.D., L.C.M., L.B.J.), Neurology (S.B.G., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.), and Pediatrics (M.D.K., J.L.B.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Medicine (J.M.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Brain and Spine Center (J.L.B.), Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Lynn B Jorde
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (K.L.R., J.A.D., L.C.M., L.B.J.), Neurology (S.B.G., K.P.F., M.B.B., S.M.P.), and Pediatrics (M.D.K., J.L.B.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Medicine (J.M.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Brain and Spine Center (J.L.B.), Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
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21
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Porta S, Xu Y, Lehr T, Zhang B, Meymand E, Olufemi M, Stieber A, Lee EB, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Distinct brain-derived TDP-43 strains from FTLD-TDP subtypes induce diverse morphological TDP-43 aggregates and spreading patterns in vitro and in vivo. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:1033-1049. [PMID: 33971027 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The heterogeneity in the distribution and morphological features of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) pathology in the brains of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP) patients and their different clinical manifestations suggest that distinct pathological TDP-43 strains could play a role in this heterogeneity between different FTLD-TDP subtypes (A-E). Our aim was to evaluate the existence of distinct TDP-43 strains in the brains of different FTLD-TDP subtypes and characterise their specific seeding properties in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS We used an inducible stable cell line expressing a mutant cytoplasmic TDP-43 (iGFP-NLSm) to evaluate the seeding properties of distinct pathological TDP-43 strains. Brain-derived TDP-43 protein extracts from FTLD-TDP types A (n = 6) and B (n = 3) cases induced the formation of round/spherical phosphorylated TDP-43 aggregates that morphologically differed from the linear and wavy wisps and bigger heterogeneous filamentous (skein-like) aggregates induced by type E (n = 3) cases. These morphological differences correlated with distinct biochemical banding patterns of sarkosyl-insoluble TDP-43 protein recovered from the transduced cells. Moreover, brain-derived TDP-43 extracts from type E cases showed higher susceptibility to PK digestion of full-length TDP-43 and the most abundant C-terminal fragments that characterise type E extracts. Finally, we showed that intracerebral injections of different TDP-43 strains induced a distinctive morphological and subcellular distribution of TDP-43 pathology and different spreading patterns in the brains of CamKIIa-hTDP-43NLSm Tg mice. CONCLUSIONS We show the existence of distinct TDP-43 strains in the brain of different FTLD-TDP subtypes with distinctive seeding and spreading properties in the brains of experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Porta
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tagan Lehr
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Meymand
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Modupe Olufemi
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Stieber
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Traiffort E, Morisset-Lopez S, Moussaed M, Zahaf A. Defective Oligodendroglial Lineage and Demyelination in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073426. [PMID: 33810425 PMCID: PMC8036314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor neurons and their axons reaching the skeletal muscle have long been considered as the best characterized targets of the degenerative process observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the involvement of glial cells was also more recently reported. Although oligodendrocytes have been underestimated for a longer time than other cells, they are presently considered as critically involved in axonal injury and also conversely constitute a target for the toxic effects of the degenerative neurons. In the present review, we highlight the recent advances regarding oligodendroglial cell involvement in the pathogenesis of ALS. First, we present the oligodendroglial cells, the process of myelination, and the tight relationship between axons and myelin. The histological abnormalities observed in ALS and animal models of the disease are described, including myelin defects and oligodendroglial accumulation of pathological protein aggregates. Then, we present data that establish the existence of dysfunctional and degenerating oligodendroglial cells, the chain of events resulting in oligodendrocyte degeneration, and the most recent molecular mechanisms supporting oligodendrocyte death and dysfunction. Finally, we review the arguments in support of the primary versus secondary involvement of oligodendrocytes in the disease and discuss the therapeutic perspectives related to oligodendrocyte implication in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Traiffort
- Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System U1195 INSERM, Paris Saclay University, 80 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Séverine Morisset-Lopez
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 CNRS, Orléans University, INSERM, rue Charles Sadron, CEDEX 02, 45071 Orleans, France; (S.M.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Mireille Moussaed
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 CNRS, Orléans University, INSERM, rue Charles Sadron, CEDEX 02, 45071 Orleans, France; (S.M.-L.); (M.M.)
| | - Amina Zahaf
- Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System U1195 INSERM, Paris Saclay University, 80 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
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23
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Ryan ÉB, Yan J, Miller N, Dayanidhi S, Ma YC, Deng HX, Siddique T. Early death of ALS-linked CHCHD10-R15L transgenic mice with central nervous system, skeletal muscle, and cardiac pathology. iScience 2021; 24:102061. [PMID: 33659869 PMCID: PMC7890413 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 10 (CHCHD10) have been identified in patients suffering from various degenerative diseases including mitochondrial myopathy, spinal muscular atrophy Jokela type, frontotemporal dementia, and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The pathogenic mechanism underlying CHCHD10-linked divergent disorders remains largely unknown. Here we show that transgenic mice overexpressing an ALS-linked CHCHD10 p.R15L mutation leads to an abbreviated lifespan compared with CHCHD10-WT transgenic mice. The occurrence and severity of the phenotype correlates to transgene copy number. Central nervous system (CNS), skeletal muscle, and cardiac pathology is apparent in CHCHD10-R15L transgenic mice. Despite the pathology, CHCHD10-R15L transgenic mice perform comparably to control mice in motor behavioral tasks until very close to death. Although paralysis is not observed, these models provide insight into the pleiotropic nature of CHCHD10 and suggest a contribution of CNS, skeletal muscle, and cardiac pathology to CHCHD10 p.R15L-ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éanna B. Ryan
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Tarry Building, Room 13-715, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jianhua Yan
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Tarry Building, Room 13-715, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nimrod Miller
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sudarshan Dayanidhi
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yongchao C. Ma
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Han-Xiang Deng
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Tarry Building, Room 13-715, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Teepu Siddique
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Tarry Building, Room 13-715, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Buratti E. Trends in Understanding the Pathological Roles of TDP-43 and FUS Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1281:243-267. [PMID: 33433879 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51140-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the discovery of TDP-43 and FUS involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD), the major challenge in the field has been to understand their physiological functions, both in normal and disease conditions. The hope is that this knowledge will improve our understanding of disease and lead to the development of effective therapeutic options. Initially, the focus has been directed at characterizing the role of these proteins in the control of RNA metabolism, because the main function of TDP-43 and FUS is to bind coding and noncoding RNAs to regulate their life cycle within cells. As a result, we now have an in-depth picture of the alterations that occur in RNA metabolism following their aggregation in various ALS/FTLD models and, to a somewhat lesser extent, in patients' brains. In parallel, progress has been made with regard to understanding how aggregation of these proteins occurs in neurons, how it can spread in different brain regions, and how these changes affect various metabolic cellular pathways to result in neuronal death. The aim of this chapter will be to provide a general overview of the trending topics in TDP-43 and FUS investigations and to highlight what might represent the most promising avenues of research in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.
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25
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Zhang L, Toyoshima Y, Takeshima A, Shimizu H, Tomita I, Onodera O, Takahashi H, Kakita A. Progressive supranuclear palsy: Neuropathology of patients with a short disease duration due to unexpected death. Neuropathology 2020; 41:174-182. [PMID: 33205528 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) presents with a wide variety of signs/symptoms, making early initial diagnosis difficult. We investigated the clinical and neuropathological features of five patients with autopsy-proven PSP of short duration, ranging from 11 to 41 months (average, 26.2 months) due to unexpected death, focusing particularly on the distribution and severity of neuronal loss as well as neuronal and glial tau pathology in the affected brain. Clinical features were studied retrospectively through careful review of the medical records, and neuropathological examinations were carried out, along with tau immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody AT8. These patients were diagnosed as having probable PSP (n = 4) and suggestive PSP (n = 1), respectively. In all cases, neuronal loss was evident in the substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, and locus ceruleus. AT8-identified tau lesions, that is, pretangles/neurofibrillary tangles (PTs/NFTs), tufted astrocytes (TAs), and coiled bodies/neuropil threads (CBs/NTs), were distributed widely in the brain regions, especially in patients with longer disease duration. All cases showed variation in the regional tau burden among PTs/NFTs, TAs, and CBs/NTs. There was also a tendency for tau deposition to be more predominant in neuronal cells in the brainstem and cerebellum and in glial cells in the cerebral cortex and subcortical gray matter. These findings suggest that in PSP, the initial signs/symptoms are associated with degeneration and subsequent death of neurons with pathological tau deposition, and that the tau deposition in neuronal cells is independent of that in glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuko Toyoshima
- Departments of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akari Takeshima
- Departments of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Departments of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Itsuro Tomita
- Department of Neurology, Nagasaki-kita Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Departments of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Departments of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Departments of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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26
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Hawley ZCE, Campos-Melo D, Strong MJ. Evidence of A Negative Feedback Network Between TDP-43 and miRNAs Dependent on TDP-43 Nuclear Localization. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:166695. [PMID: 33137311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a DNA/RNA-binding protein that is integral to RNA processing. Among these functions is a critical role in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis through interactions with the DROSHA and DICER complexes. It has been previously shown that there is a general reduction in miRNA levels within the spinal cord and spinal motor neurons of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. In addition, the most common pathological feature of ALS is re-distribution of TDP-43 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it forms cytoplasmic inclusions. Among miRNAs dysregulated in ALS, several are known to regulate TDP-43 expression. In this study, we demonstrate that TDP-43 is in a regulatory negative feedback network with miR-181c-5p and miR-27b-3p that is dependent on its nuclear localization within HEK293T cells. Further, we show that cellular stress which induces a redistribution of TDP-43 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm correlates with the reduced production of miR-27b-3p and miR-181c-5p. This suggests that reduced nuclear TDP-43 disrupts a negative feedback network between itself and miRNAs. These findings provide a further understanding of altered miRNA biogenesis as a key pathogenic process in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C E Hawley
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Neuroscience Program, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Danae Campos-Melo
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael J Strong
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Neuroscience Program, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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27
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Yu CH, Davidson S, Harapas CR, Hilton JB, Mlodzianoski MJ, Laohamonthonkul P, Louis C, Low RRJ, Moecking J, De Nardo D, Balka KR, Calleja DJ, Moghaddas F, Ni E, McLean CA, Samson AL, Tyebji S, Tonkin CJ, Bye CR, Turner BJ, Pepin G, Gantier MP, Rogers KL, McArthur K, Crouch PJ, Masters SL. TDP-43 Triggers Mitochondrial DNA Release via mPTP to Activate cGAS/STING in ALS. Cell 2020; 183:636-649.e18. [PMID: 33031745 PMCID: PMC7599077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 is a disease hallmark for many cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), associated with a neuroinflammatory cytokine profile related to upregulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and type I interferon (IFN) pathways. Here we show that this inflammation is driven by the cytoplasmic DNA sensor cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-AMP synthase (cGAS) when TDP-43 invades mitochondria and releases DNA via the permeability transition pore. Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of cGAS and its downstream signaling partner STING prevents upregulation of NF-κB and type I IFN induced by TDP-43 in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons and in TDP-43 mutant mice. Finally, we document elevated levels of the specific cGAS signaling metabolite cGAMP in spinal cord samples from patients, which may be a biomarker of mtDNA release and cGAS/STING activation in ALS. Our results identify mtDNA release and cGAS/STING activation as critical determinants of TDP-43-associated pathology and demonstrate the potential for targeting this pathway in ALS. TDP-43 enters mitochondria, triggers mtDNA release via the mPTP TDP-43-induced cytosolic mtDNA accumulation activates the cGAS/STING pathway Evidence of cytoplasmic mtDNA was found in ALS patient cells and disease models Blocking STING prevents inflammation and neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiung Yu
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sophia Davidson
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cassandra R Harapas
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - James B Hilton
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J Mlodzianoski
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Pawat Laohamonthonkul
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cynthia Louis
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ronnie Ren Jie Low
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jonas Moecking
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Katherine R Balka
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Dale J Calleja
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Fiona Moghaddas
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Erya Ni
- Infection and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Catriona A McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Andre L Samson
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shiraz Tyebji
- Infection and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher J Tonkin
- Infection and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher R Bye
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Bradley J Turner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Genevieve Pepin
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Michael P Gantier
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Kelly L Rogers
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kate McArthur
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Immunology Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China.
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28
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Michalska P, León R. When It Comes to an End: Oxidative Stress Crosstalk with Protein Aggregation and Neuroinflammation Induce Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080740. [PMID: 32806679 PMCID: PMC7463521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons in the brain or spinal cord that leads to a loss of function of the affected areas. The lack of effective treatments and the ever-increasing life expectancy is raising the number of individuals affected, having a tremendous social and economic impact. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage given the high energy demand, low levels of antioxidant defenses, and high levels of metal ions. Driven by age-related changes, neurodegeneration is characterized by increased oxidative stress leading to irreversible neuronal damage, followed by cell death. Nevertheless, neurodegenerative diseases are known as complex pathologies where several mechanisms drive neuronal death. Herein we discuss the interplay among oxidative stress, proteinopathy, and neuroinflammation at the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss the use of the Nrf2-ARE pathway as a potential therapeutic strategy based on these molecular mechanisms to develop transformative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Michalska
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (R.L.); Tel.: +34-91-497-27-66 (P.M. & R.L.)
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (R.L.); Tel.: +34-91-497-27-66 (P.M. & R.L.)
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29
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Chen PC, Hsieh YC, Huang CC, Hu CJ. Tamoxifen for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20423. [PMID: 32481440 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common cause of motor neuron disease, and effective treatment for ALS is still lacking. Transactive response (TAR) -DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is aggregated in the neurons of ALS patients. Animal studies shown TDP-43 aggregation can be attenuated by enhancing autophagy by tamoxifen. However, its beneficial effects for ALS patients remain unknown. METHODS Eighteen patients with ALS without mutations in superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) or fused in sarcoma (FUS) genes were randomly assigned into the tamoxifen 40 mg/day or placebo group in a double-blinded manner and all were given riluzole twice daily. Participants were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary end point was time to death or dependence on mechanical ventilation. Secondary end points were decline of the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) score and pulmonary function measured by forced vital capacity (FVC). RESULTS Ten participants were randomly assigned in the treatment group with tamoxifen, 7 finished trial, 1 reach primary endpoint; while 8 participants in the placebo group, 2 finished trial and 2 reach primary end point. The proportion of participants reaching the primary end point was lower in the tamoxifen group but did not reach statistical significance. At the 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up, the average decline rates of the ALSFRS-R score were slower in the tamoxifen group. No significant difference was observed in FVC and ALSFRS-R score at 12 months between groups. CONCLUSION Tamoxifen exerted only a modest effect on attenuate progression for 6 months in this small trial. Additional larger scale studies should be necessary to confirm whether enhancing autophagy can attenuate ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chih Chen
- Neurology Department, Shuang-Ho Hospital
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City
- PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Yi-Chen Hsieh
- PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes
- PhD Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy
- Master Program in Applied Molecular Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Huang
- PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Neurology Department, Shuang-Ho Hospital
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City
- PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
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30
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Martel C, Tsutsumi T, Cément V, Khuong HT, Dupré N, Ismail AA, Gros-Louis F. Diagnosis of idiopathic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of patient-derived skin. Analyst 2020; 145:3678-3685. [PMID: 32307493 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the great challenges in identifying effective therapy in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is the lack of reliable biomarkers. In this study, we applied infrared imaging microspectroscopy, a valuable technique to investigate biomolecule fingerprints and secondary structure of proteins within biological tissue. We hypothesized that, since skin and CNS have the same embryonic origin, spectral differences associated with ALS-specific pathological events will be readily detectable through skin testing using this technique. Cells from healthy individuals and ALS patients were isolated from skin biopsies in order to generate tissue-engineered in vitro skin (TES). Infrared spectra of the generated TES were recorded using a focal-plane-array Fourier transform infrared (FPA-FTIR) spectrometer, and hierarchical cluster analysis of the spectral data was performed in order to establish clear differences between the tested TES specimens. Interestingly, our analyses showed that it was readily possible to discriminate ALS- and control-TES solely based on differences in associated FTIR spectra, mainly located between 1149 and 1473 cm-1, attributed to disruption of phospholipid cell membranes, extracellular matrix remodeling or cholesterol accumulation. Spectral differences within the TES samples may therefore be associated with disease state, paving the way for the identification of biomarkers in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Martel
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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31
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Christoforidou E, Joilin G, Hafezparast M. Potential of activated microglia as a source of dysregulated extracellular microRNAs contributing to neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:135. [PMID: 32345319 PMCID: PMC7187511 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of motor neuron degeneration in adults, and several mechanisms underlying the disease pathology have been proposed. It has been shown that glia communicate with other cells by releasing extracellular vesicles containing proteins and nucleic acids, including microRNAs (miRNAs), which play a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Dysregulation of miRNAs is commonly observed in ALS patients, together with inflammation and an altered microglial phenotype. However, the role of miRNA-containing vesicles in microglia-to-neuron communication in the context of ALS has not been explored in depth. This review summarises the evidence for the presence of inflammation, pro-inflammatory microglia and dysregulated miRNAs in ALS, then explores how microglia may potentially be responsible for this miRNA dysregulation. The possibility of pro-inflammatory ALS microglia releasing miRNAs which may then enter neuronal cells to contribute to degeneration is also explored. Based on the literature reviewed here, microglia are a likely source of dysregulated miRNAs and potential mediators of neurodegenerative processes. Therefore, dysregulated miRNAs may be promising candidates for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greig Joilin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Majid Hafezparast
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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32
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Asakawa K, Handa H, Kawakami K. Optogenetic modulation of TDP-43 oligomerization accelerates ALS-related pathologies in the spinal motor neurons. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1004. [PMID: 32081878 PMCID: PMC7035286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 characterizes degenerating neurons in most cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we develop an optogenetic TDP-43 variant (opTDP-43), whose multimerization status can be modulated in vivo through external light illumination. Using the translucent zebrafish neuromuscular system, we demonstrate that short-term light stimulation reversibly induces cytoplasmic opTDP-43 mislocalization, but not aggregation, in the spinal motor neuron, leading to an axon outgrowth defect associated with myofiber denervation. In contrast, opTDP-43 forms pathological aggregates in the cytoplasm after longer-term illumination and seeds non-optogenetic TDP-43 aggregation. Furthermore, we find that an ALS-linked mutation in the intrinsically disordered region (IDR) exacerbates the light-dependent opTDP-43 toxicity on locomotor behavior. Together, our results propose that IDR-mediated TDP-43 oligomerization triggers both acute and long-term pathologies of motor neurons, which may be relevant to the pathogenesis and progression of ALS. Optogenetic approaches for inducing TDP-43 aggregation have been described previously in cellular models. Here the authors develop an approach to optogenetically induce TDP-43 aggregation in vivo using zebrafish to model ALS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Asakawa
- Department of Chemical Biology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan. .,Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan. .,Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Chemical Biology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan. .,Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.
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33
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Moore S, Rabichow BE, Sattler R. The Hitchhiker's Guide to Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking in Neurodegeneration. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1306-1327. [PMID: 32086712 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The widespread nature of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking defects and protein accumulation suggests distinct yet overlapping mechanisms in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Detailed understanding of the cellular pathways involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport and its dysregulation are essential for elucidating neurodegenerative pathogenesis and pinpointing potential areas for therapeutic intervention. The transport of cargos from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is generally regulated by the structure and function of the nuclear pore as well as the karyopherin α/β, importin, exportin, and mRNA export mechanisms. The disruption of these crucial transport mechanisms has been extensively described in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. One common theme in neurodegeneration is the cytoplasmic aggregation of proteins, including nuclear RNA binding proteins, repeat expansion associated gene products, and tau. These cytoplasmic aggregations are partly a consequence of failed nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery, but can also further disrupt transport, creating cyclical feed-forward mechanisms that exacerbate neurodegeneration. Here we describe the canonical mechanisms that regulate nucleocytoplasmic trafficking as well as how these mechanisms falter in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Moore
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin E Rabichow
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Rita Sattler
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signalling Induces Casein Kinase 1-Dependent Formation of Cytosolic TDP-43 Inclusions in Motor Neuron-Like Cells. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1354-1364. [PMID: 31280399 PMCID: PMC7260270 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Motor neuron disease (MND) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatment. One of the principal pathological hallmarks is the deposition of TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in cytoplasmic inclusions. TDP-43 aggregation occurs in both familial and sporadic MND; however, the mechanism of endogenous TDP-43 aggregation in disease is incompletely understood. This study focused on the induction of cytoplasmic accumulation of endogenous TDP-43 in the motor neuronal cell line NSC-34. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor tunicamycin induced casein kinase 1 (CK1)-dependent cytoplasmic accumulation of endogenous TDP-43 in differentiated NSC-34 cells, as seen by immunocytochemistry. Immunoblotting showed that induction of ER stress had no effect on abundance of TDP-43 or phosphorylated TDP-43 in the NP-40/RIPA soluble fraction. However, there were significant increases in abundance of TDP-43 and phosphorylated TDP-43 in the NP-40/RIPA-insoluble, urea-soluble fraction, including high molecular weight species. In all cases, these increases were lowered by CK1 inhibition. Thus ER stress signalling, as induced by tunicamycin, causes CK1-dependent phosphorylation of TDP-43 and its consequent cytosolic accumulation.
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35
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Chen HJ, Topp SD, Hui HS, Zacco E, Katarya M, McLoughlin C, King A, Smith BN, Troakes C, Pastore A, Shaw CE. RRM adjacent TARDBP mutations disrupt RNA binding and enhance TDP-43 proteinopathy. Brain 2019; 142:3753-3770. [PMID: 31605140 PMCID: PMC6885686 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) presents with focal muscle weakness due to motor neuron degeneration that becomes generalized, leading to death from respiratory failure within 3-5 years from symptom onset. Despite the heterogeneity of aetiology, TDP-43 proteinopathy is a common pathological feature that is observed in >95% of ALS and tau-negative frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cases. TDP-43 is a DNA/RNA-binding protein that in ALS and FTD translocates from being predominantly nuclear to form detergent-resistant, hyperphosphorylated aggregates in the cytoplasm of affected neurons and glia. Mutations in TARDBP account for 1-4% of all ALS cases and almost all arise in the low complexity C-terminal domain that does not affect RNA binding and processing. Here we report an ALS/FTD kindred with a novel K181E TDP-43 mutation that is located in close proximity to the RRM1 domain. To offer predictive gene testing to at-risk family members, we undertook a series of functional studies to characterize the properties of the mutation. Spectroscopy studies of the K181E protein revealed no evidence of significant misfolding. Although it is unable to bind to or splice RNA, it forms abundant aggregates in transfected cells. We extended our study to include other ALS-linked mutations adjacent to the RRM domains that also disrupt RNA binding and greatly enhance TDP-43 aggregation, forming detergent-resistant and hyperphosphorylated inclusions. Lastly, we demonstrate that K181E binds to, and sequesters, wild-type TDP-43 within nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions. Thus, we demonstrate that TDP-43 mutations that disrupt RNA binding greatly enhance aggregation and are likely to be pathogenic as they promote wild-type TDP-43 to mislocalize and aggregate acting in a dominant-negative manner. This study highlights the importance of RNA binding to maintain TDP-43 solubility and the role of TDP-43 aggregation in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jou Chen
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Simon D Topp
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Ho Sang Hui
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Elsa Zacco
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Malvika Katarya
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Conor McLoughlin
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Andrew King
- MRC London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- MRC London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU, London, UK
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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36
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Kawakami I, Arai T, Hasegawa M. The basis of clinicopathological heterogeneity in TDP-43 proteinopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:751-770. [PMID: 31555895 PMCID: PMC6800885 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) was identified as a major disease-associated component in the brain of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as well as the largest subset of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions (FTLD-U), which characteristically exhibits cytoplasmic inclusions that are positive for ubiquitin but negative for tau and α-synuclein. TDP-43 pathology occurs in distinct brain regions, involves disparate brain networks, and features accumulation of misfolded proteins in various cell types and in different neuroanatomical regions. The clinical phenotypes of ALS and FTLD-TDP (FTLD with abnormal intracellular accumulations of TDP-43) correlate with characteristic distribution patterns of the underlying pathology across specific brain regions with disease progression. Recent studies support the idea that pathological protein spreads from neuron to neuron via axonal transport in a hierarchical manner. However, little is known to date about the basis of the selective cellular and regional vulnerability, although the information would have important implications for the development of targeted and personalized therapies. Here, we aim to summarize recent advances in the neuropathology, genetics and animal models of TDP-43 proteinopathy, and their relationship to clinical phenotypes for the underlying selective neuronal and regional susceptibilities. Finally, we attempt to integrate these findings into the emerging picture of TDP-43 proteinopathy, and to highlight key issues for future therapy and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ito Kawakami
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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37
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Ragagnin AMG, Shadfar S, Vidal M, Jamali MS, Atkin JD. Motor Neuron Susceptibility in ALS/FTD. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:532. [PMID: 31316328 PMCID: PMC6610326 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of both upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord. The neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to MN loss in ALS are not fully understood. Importantly, the reasons why MNs are specifically targeted in this disorder are unclear, when the proteins associated genetically or pathologically with ALS are expressed ubiquitously. Furthermore, MNs themselves are not affected equally; specific MNs subpopulations are more susceptible than others in both animal models and human patients. Corticospinal MNs and lower somatic MNs, which innervate voluntary muscles, degenerate more readily than specific subgroups of lower MNs, which remain resistant to degeneration, reflecting the clinical manifestations of ALS. In this review, we discuss the possible factors intrinsic to MNs that render them uniquely susceptible to neurodegeneration in ALS. We also speculate why some MN subpopulations are more vulnerable than others, focusing on both their molecular and physiological properties. Finally, we review the anatomical network and neuronal microenvironment as determinants of MN subtype vulnerability and hence the progression of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M G Ragagnin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marta Vidal
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Md Shafi Jamali
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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38
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TDP-43 knockdown causes innate immune activation via protein kinase R in astrocytes. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104514. [PMID: 31229690 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a multifunctional RNA binding protein directly implicated in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Previous studies have demonstrated that loss of TDP-43 function leads to intracellular accumulation of non-coding repetitive element transcripts and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). These events could cause immune activation and contribute to the neuroinflammation observed in ALS, but this possibility has not been investigated. Here, we knock down TDP-43 in primary rat astrocytes via siRNA, and we use RNA-seq, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting to show that this results in: 1) accumulation of repetitive element transcripts and dsRNA; and 2) pro-inflammatory gene and protein expression consistent with innate immune signaling and astrocyte activation. We also show that both chemical inhibition and siRNA knockdown of protein kinase R (PKR), a dsRNA-activated kinase implicated in the innate immune response, block the expression of all activation markers assayed. Based on these findings, we suggest that intracellular accumulation of endogenous dsRNA may be a novel and important mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of ALS (and perhaps other neurodegenerative diseases), and that PKR inhibitors may have the potential to prevent reactive astrocytosis in ALS.
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39
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Berning BA, Walker AK. The Pathobiology of TDP-43 C-Terminal Fragments in ALS and FTLD. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:335. [PMID: 31031584 PMCID: PMC6470282 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During neurodegenerative disease, the multifunctional RNA-binding protein TDP-43 undergoes a vast array of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and cleavage. Many of these alterations may directly contribute to the pathogenesis of TDP-43 proteinopathies, which include most forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and approximately half of all frontotemporal dementia, pathologically identified as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with TDP-43 pathology. However, the relative contributions of the various TDP-43 post-translational modifications to disease remain unclear, and indeed some may be secondary epiphenomena rather than disease-causative. It is therefore critical to determine the involvement of each modification in disease processes to allow the design of targeted treatments. In particular, TDP-43 C-terminal fragments (CTFs) accumulate in the brains of people with ALS and FTLD and are therefore described as a neuropathological signature of these diseases. Remarkably, these TDP-43 CTFs are rarely observed in the spinal cord, even in ALS which involves dramatic degeneration of spinal motor neurons. Therefore, TDP-43 CTFs are not produced non-specifically in the course of all forms of TDP-43-related neurodegeneration, but rather variably arise due to additional factors influenced by regional heterogeneity in the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize how TDP-43 CTFs are generated and degraded by cells, and critique evidence from studies of TDP-43 CTF pathology in human disease tissues, as well as cell and animal models, to analyze the pathophysiological relevance of TDP-43 CTFs to ALS and FTLD. Numerous studies now indicate that, although TDP-43 CTFs are prevalent in ALS and FTLD brains, disease-related pathology is only variably reproduced in TDP-43 CTF cell culture models. Furthermore, TDP-43 CTF expression in both transgenic and viral-mediated in vivo models largely fails to induce motor or behavioral dysfunction reminiscent of human disease. We therefore conclude that although TDP-43 CTFs are a hallmark of TDP-43-related neurodegeneration in the brain, they are not a primary cause of ALS or FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt A. Berning
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam K. Walker
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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40
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Mot AI, Depp C, Nave KA. An emerging role of dysfunctional axon-oligodendrocyte coupling in neurodegenerative diseases. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [PMID: 30936768 PMCID: PMC6436955 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2018.20.4/amot] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is made by highly specialized glial cells and enables fast axonal impulse propagation. Recent studies show that oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system are, in addition to myelination, required for the integrity and survival of axons, independent of the presence or absence of myelin itself. The underlying mechanism of this support is given by glycolytic oligodendrocytes which provide axons with energy-rich metabolites. These findings represent a paradigm shift for the physiological function of axon-associated glia, and open the intriguing possibility that oligodendrocytes are important contributors to neurodegenerative diseases in which myelinated axons are lost, such as in Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple system atrophy. Understanding the role of axon-oligodendrocyte coupling in neurodegenerative diseases may pave the way for the development of metabolism-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I Mot
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Constanze Depp
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Gottingen, Germany
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41
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Matsubara T, Oda M, Takahashi T, Watanabe C, Tachiyama Y, Morino H, Kawakami H, Kaji R, Maruyama H, Murayama S, Izumi Y. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of long clinical course clinically presenting with progressive muscular atrophy. Neuropathology 2018; 39:47-53. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Matsubara
- Department of Neurology; Mifukai Vihara Hananosato Hospital; Hiroshima Japan
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (Brain Bank for Aging Research); Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital & Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masaya Oda
- Department of Neurology; Mifukai Vihara Hananosato Hospital; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Chigusa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology; National Hospital Organization Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yoshiro Tachiyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; National Hospital Organization Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morino
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hideshi Kawakami
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Ryuji Kaji
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (Brain Bank for Aging Research); Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital & Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology; Mifukai Vihara Hananosato Hospital; Hiroshima Japan
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
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42
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Paré B, Lehmann M, Beaudin M, Nordström U, Saikali S, Julien JP, Gilthorpe JD, Marklund SL, Cashman NR, Andersen PM, Forsberg K, Dupré N, Gould P, Brännström T, Gros-Louis F. Misfolded SOD1 pathology in sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14223. [PMID: 30242181 PMCID: PMC6155098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is a pathological hallmark of a subset of familial ALS patients. However, the possible role of misfolded wild type SOD1 in human ALS is highly debated. To ascertain whether or not misfolded SOD1 is a common pathological feature in non-SOD1 ALS, we performed a blinded histological and biochemical analysis of post mortem brain and spinal cord tissues from 19 sporadic ALS, compared with a SOD1 A4V patient as well as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non-neurological controls. Multiple conformation- or misfolded-specific antibodies for human SOD1 were compared. These were generated independently by different research groups and were compared using standardized conditions. Five different misSOD1 staining patterns were found consistently in tissue sections from SALS cases and the SOD1 A4V patient, but were essentially absent in AD and non-neurological controls. We have established clear experimental protocols and provide specific guidelines for working, with conformational/misfolded SOD1-specific antibodies. Adherence to these guidelines will aid in the comparison of the results of future studies and better interpretation of staining patterns. This blinded, standardized and unbiased approach provides further support for a possible pathological role of misSOD1 in SALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Paré
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center - Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Manuela Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie Beaudin
- Neuroscience Division of the CHU de Québec and Department of Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ulrika Nordström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stephan Saikali
- Department of Medical Biology, Division of Anatomic Pathology and Neuropathology, CHU de Québec, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche CERVO, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Gilthorpe
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan L Marklund
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Neil R Cashman
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Forsberg
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Neuroscience Division of the CHU de Québec and Department of Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Gould
- Department of Medical Biology, Division of Anatomic Pathology and Neuropathology, CHU de Québec, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Brännström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - François Gros-Louis
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center - Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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43
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Posa D, Martínez-González L, Bartolomé F, Nagaraj S, Porras G, Martínez A, Martín-Requero Á. Recapitulation of Pathological TDP-43 Features in Immortalized Lymphocytes from Sporadic ALS Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2424-2432. [PMID: 30030753 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder of still unknown etiology that results in loss of motoneurons, paralysis, and death, usually between 2 and 4 years from onset. There are no currently available ALS biomarkers to support early diagnosis and to facilitate the assessment of the efficacy of new treatments. Since ALS is considered a multisystemic disease, here we have investigated the usefulness of immortalized lymphocytes from sporadic ALS patients to study TDP-43 homeostasis as well as to provide a convenient platform to evaluate TDP-43 phosphorylation as a novel therapeutic approach for ALS. We report here that lymphoblasts from ALS patients recapitulate the hallmarks of TDP-43 processing in affected motoneurons, such as increased phosphorylation, truncation, and mislocalization of TDP-43. Moreover, modulation of TDP-43 by an in-house designed protein casein kinase-1δ (CK-1δ) inhibitor, IGS3.27, reduced phosphorylation of TDP-43, and normalized the nucleo-cytosol translocation of TDP-43 in ALS lymphoblasts. Therefore, we conclude that lymphoblasts, easily accessible cells, from ALS patients could be a useful model to study pathological features of ALS disease and a suitable platform to test the effects of potential disease-modifying drugs even in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Posa
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Martínez-González
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Bartolomé
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Siranjeevi Nagaraj
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gracia Porras
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Martín-Requero
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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44
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Jeon GS, Shim YM, Lee DY, Kim JS, Kang M, Ahn SH, Shin JY, Geum D, Hong YH, Sung JJ. Pathological Modification of TDP-43 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with SOD1 Mutations. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2007-2021. [PMID: 29982983 PMCID: PMC6394608 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, adult-onset, progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no known cure. Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) was the first identified protein associated with familial ALS (fALS). Recently, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has been found to be a principal component of ubiquitinated cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons and glia in ALS. However, it remains unclear whether these ALS-linked proteins partly have a shared pathogenesis. Here, we determine the association between mutant SOD1 and the modification of TDP-43 and the relationship of pathologic TDP-43 to neuronal cytotoxicity in SOD1 ALS. In this work, using animal model, human tissue, and cell models, we provide the evidence that the association between the TDP-43 modification and the pathogenesis of SOD1 fALS. We demonstrated an age-dependent increase in TDP-43 C-terminal fragments and phosphorylation in motor neurons and glia of SOD1 mice and SOD1G85S ALS patient. Cytoplasmic TDP-43 was also observed in iPSC-derived motor neurons from SOD1G17S ALS patient. Moreover, we observed that mutant SOD1 interacts with TDP-43 in co-immunoprecipitation assays with G93A hSOD1-transfected cell lines. Mutant SOD1 overexpression led to an increase in TDP-43 modification in the detergent-insoluble fraction in the spinal cord of SOD1 mice and fALS patient. Additionally, we showed cellular apoptosis in response to the interaction of mutant SOD1 and fragment forms of TDP-43. These findings suggest that mutant SOD1 could affect the solubility/insolubility of TDP-43 through physical interactions and the resulting pathological modifications of TDP-43 may be involved in motor neuron death in SOD1 fALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gye Sun Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Shim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Soon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - MinJin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Hyun Ahn
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongho Geum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Sung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. .,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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45
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Yamashita T, Kwak S. Cell death cascade and molecular therapy in ADAR2-deficient motor neurons of ALS. Neurosci Res 2018; 144:4-13. [PMID: 29944911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) pathology in the motor neurons is the most reliable pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and motor neurons bearing TDP-43 pathology invariably exhibit failure in RNA editing at the GluA2 glutamine/arginine (Q/R) site due to down-regulation of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2). Conditional ADAR2 knockout (AR2) mice display ALS-like phenotype, including progressive motor dysfunction due to loss of motor neurons. Motor neurons devoid of ADAR2 express Q/R site-unedited GluA2, and AMPA receptors with unedited GluA2 in their subunit assembly are abnormally permeable to Ca2+, which results in progressive neuronal death. Moreover, analysis of AR2 mice has demonstrated that exaggerated Ca2+ influx through the abnormal AMPA receptors overactivates calpain, a Ca2+-dependent protease, that cleaves TDP-43 into aggregation-prone fragments, which serve as seeds for TDP-43 pathology. Activated calpain also disrupts nucleo-cytoplasmic transport and gene expression by cleaving molecules involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, including nucleoporins. These lines of evidence prompted us to develop molecular targeting therapy for ALS by normalization of disrupted intracellular environment due to ADAR2 down-regulation. In this review, we have summarized the work from our group on the cell death cascade in sporadic ALS and discussed a potential therapeutic strategy for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenari Yamashita
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shin Kwak
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
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46
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Scherz B, Rabl R, Flunkert S, Rohler S, Neddens J, Taub N, Temmel M, Panzenboeck U, Niederkofler V, Zimmermann R, Hutter-Paier B. mTh1 driven expression of hTDP-43 results in typical ALS/FTLD neuropathological symptoms. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197674. [PMID: 29787578 PMCID: PMC5963763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mouse models are indispensable tools to mimic human diseases and analyze the effectiveness of related new drugs. For a long time amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research depended on only a few mouse models that exhibit a very strong and early phenotype, e.g. SOD1 mice, resulting in a short treatment time window. By now, several models are available that need to be characterized to highlight characteristics of each model. Here we further characterized the mThy1-hTDP-43 transgenic mouse model TAR6/6 that overexpresses wild type human TARDBP, also called TDP-43, under control of the neuronal Thy-1 promoter presented by Wils and colleagues, 2010, by using biochemical, histological and behavioral readouts. Our results show that TAR6/6 mice exhibit a strong TDP-43 expression in the hippocampus, spinal cord, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. Apart from prominent protein expression in the nucleus, TDP-43 protein was found at lower levels in the cytosol of transgenic mice. Additionally, we detected insoluble TDP-43 in the cortex, motoneuron loss, and increased neuroinflammation in the central nervous system of TAR6/6 animals. Behavioral analyses revealed early motor deficits in the clasping- and wire suspension test as well as decreased anxiety in the elevated plus maze. Further motor tests showed differences at later time points compared to non-transgenic littermates, thus allowing the observation of onset and severity of such deficits. Together, TAR6/6 mice are a valuable tool to test new ALS/FTLD drugs that target TDP-43 expression and insolubility, neuroinflammation, motoneuron loss or other TDP-43 related downstream signaling pathways since these mice exhibit a later pathology as previously used ALS/FTLD mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Scherz
- QPS Austria GmbH, Grambach, Austria
- Karl-Franzens University, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Siegfried Rohler
- Medical University Graz, Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Ute Panzenboeck
- Medical University Graz, Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Robert Zimmermann
- Karl-Franzens University, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Graz, Austria
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47
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Tamaki Y, Shodai A, Morimura T, Hikiami R, Minamiyama S, Ayaki T, Tooyama I, Furukawa Y, Takahashi R, Urushitani M. Elimination of TDP-43 inclusions linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by a misfolding-specific intrabody with dual proteolytic signals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6030. [PMID: 29662239 PMCID: PMC5902603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is implicated in the pathogenesis of sporadic and certain familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting elimination of TDP-43 aggregates as a possible therapeutic strategy. Here we generated and investigated a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from the 3B12A monoclonal antibody (MAb) that recognises D247 of the TDP-43 nuclear export signal, an epitope masked in the physiological state. In transfected HEK293A cells, 3B12A scFv recapitulated the affinity of the full-length MAb to mislocalised TDP-43 with a defective nuclear localising signal and to a TDP-43 inclusion mimic with cysteine-to-serine substitution at RRM1. Moreover, 3B12A scFv accelerated proteasome-mediated degradation of aggregated TDP-43, likely due to an endogenous PEST-like proteolytic signal sequence in the VH domain CDR2 region. Addition of the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA)-related signal to 3B12A scFv induced HSP70 transcription, further enhancing TDP-43 aggregate clearance and cell viability. The 3B12A scFv also reduced TDP-43 aggregates in embryonic mouse brain following in utero electroporation while causing no overt postnatal brain pathology or developmental anomalies. These results suggest that a misfolding-specific intrabody prone to synergistic proteolysis by proteasomal and autophagic pathways is a promising strategy for mitigation of TDP-43 proteinopathy in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tamaki
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akemi Shodai
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Morimura
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ryota Hikiami
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sumio Minamiyama
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Ayaki
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Urushitani
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan. .,Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
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48
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Volkening K, Keller BA, Leystra-Lantz C, Strong MJ. RNA and Protein Interactors with TDP-43 in Human Spinal-Cord Lysates in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Proteome Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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49
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Paré B, Gros-Louis F. Potential skin involvement in ALS: revisiting Charcot's observation - a review of skin abnormalities in ALS. Rev Neurosci 2018; 28:551-572. [PMID: 28343168 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord, leading to progressive paralysis and death. Interestingly, many skin changes have been reported in ALS patients, but never as yet fully explained. These observations could be due to the common embryonic origin of the skin and neural tissue known as the ectodermal germ layer. Following the first observation in ALS patients' skin by Dr Charcot in the 19th century, in the absence of bedsores unlike other bedridden patients, other morphological and molecular changes have been observed. Thus, the skin could be of interest in the study of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes skin changes reported in the literature over the years and discusses about a novel in vitro ALS tissue-engineered skin model, derived from patients, for the study of ALS.
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50
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Vejux A, Namsi A, Nury T, Moreau T, Lizard G. Biomarkers of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Current Status and Interest of Oxysterols and Phytosterols. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:12. [PMID: 29445325 PMCID: PMC5797798 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a non-demyelinating neurodegenerative disease in adults with motor disorders. Two forms exist: a sporadic form (90% of cases) and a family form due to mutations in more than 20 genes including the Superoxide dismutase 1, TAR DNA Binding Protein, Fused in Sarcoma, chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 and VAPB genes. The mechanisms associated with this pathology are beginning to be known: oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, protein aggregation, reticulum endoplasmic stress, neuroinflammation, alteration of RNA metabolism. In various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease or multiple sclerosis, the involvement of lipids is increasingly suggested based on lipid metabolism modifications. With regard to ALS, research has also focused on the possible involvement of lipids. Lipid involvement was suggested for clinical arguments where changes in cholesterol and LDL/HDL levels were reported with, however, differences in positivity between studies. Since lipids are involved in the membrane structure and certain signaling pathways, it may be considered to look for oxysterols, mainly 25-hydroxycholesterol and its metabolites involved in immune response, or phytosterols to find suitable biomarkers for this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vejux
- Team Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism EA 7270, INSERM, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Amira Namsi
- Team Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism EA 7270, INSERM, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, UR11ES/09, Faculté des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar - Bienvenue, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thomas Nury
- Team Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism EA 7270, INSERM, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Thibault Moreau
- Team Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism EA 7270, INSERM, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism EA 7270, INSERM, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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