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Boa Sorte Silva NC, Barha CK, Erickson KI, Kramer AF, Liu-Ambrose T. Physical exercise, cognition, and brain health in aging. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:402-417. [PMID: 38811309 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Exercise training is an important strategy to counteract cognitive and brain health decline during aging. Evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses supports the notion of beneficial effects of exercise in cognitively unimpaired and impaired older individuals. However, the effects are often modest, and likely influenced by moderators such as exercise training parameters, sample characteristics, outcome assessments, and control conditions. Here, we discuss evidence on the impact of exercise on cognitive and brain health outcomes in healthy aging and in individuals with or at risk for cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. We also review neuroplastic adaptations in response to exercise and their potential neurobiological mechanisms. We conclude by highlighting goals for future studies, including addressing unexplored neurobiological mechanisms and the inclusion of under-represented populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nárlon C Boa Sorte Silva
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cindy K Barha
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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2
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Teipel S, Grazia A, Dyrba M, Grothe MJ, Pomara N. Basal forebrain volume and metabolism in carriers of the Colombian mutation for autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11268. [PMID: 38760448 PMCID: PMC11101449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study atrophy and glucose metabolism of the cholinergic basal forebrain in non-demented mutation carriers for autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD). We determined the level of evidence for or against atrophy and impaired metabolism of the basal forebrain in 167 non-demented carriers of the Colombian PSEN1 E280A mutation and 75 age- and sex-matched non-mutation carriers of the same kindred using a Bayesian analysis framework. We analyzed baseline MRI, amyloid PET, and FDG-PET scans of the Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative ADAD Colombia Trial. We found moderate evidence against an association of carrier status with basal forebrain volume (Bayes factor (BF10) = 0.182). We found moderate evidence against a difference of basal forebrain metabolism (BF10 = 0.167). There was only inconclusive evidence for an association between basal forebrain volume and delayed memory and attention (BF10 = 0.884 and 0.184, respectively), and between basal forebrain volume and global amyloid load (BF10 = 2.1). Our results distinguish PSEN1 E280A mutation carriers from sporadic AD cases in which cholinergic involvement of the basal forebrain is already detectable in the preclinical and prodromal stages. This indicates an important difference between ADAD and sporadic AD in terms of pathogenesis and potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Teipel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Alice Grazia
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michel J Grothe
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nunzio Pomara
- Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Nathan Kline Institute/Department of Psychiatry and Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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3
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LeVine SM. Exploring Potential Mechanisms Accounting for Iron Accumulation in the Central Nervous System of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:689. [PMID: 38667304 PMCID: PMC11049304 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of iron occur in both cortical and subcortical regions of the CNS in patients with Alzheimer's disease. This accumulation is present early in the disease process as well as in more advanced stages. The factors potentially accounting for this increase are numerous, including: (1) Cells increase their uptake of iron and reduce their export of iron, as iron becomes sequestered (trapped within the lysosome, bound to amyloid β or tau, etc.); (2) metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupt cellular iron homeostasis; (3) inflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, or other pathological disturbances (loss of neuronal interconnections, soluble amyloid β, etc.) trigger cells to acquire iron; and (4) following neurodegeneration, iron becomes trapped within microglia. Some of these mechanisms are also present in other neurological disorders and can also begin early in the disease course, indicating that iron accumulation is a relatively common event in neurological conditions. In response to pathogenic processes, the directed cellular efforts that contribute to iron buildup reflect the importance of correcting a functional iron deficiency to support essential biochemical processes. In other words, cells prioritize correcting an insufficiency of available iron while tolerating deposited iron. An analysis of the mechanisms accounting for iron accumulation in Alzheimer's disease, and in other relevant neurological conditions, is put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M LeVine
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Mail Stop 3043, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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4
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Sangma JT, Renthlei Z, Trivedi AK. Bright daylight produces negative effects on affective and cognitive outcomes in nocturnal rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 253:112885. [PMID: 38460431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The daily light/dark cycle affects animals' learning, memory, and cognition. Exposure to insufficient daylight illumination negatively impacts emotion and cognition, leading to seasonal affective disorder characterized by depression, anxiety, low motivation, and cognitive impairment in diurnal animals. However, how this affects memory, learning, and cognition in nocturnal rodents is largely unknown. Here, we studied the effect of daytime light illuminance on memory, learning, cognition, and expression of mRNA levels in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex, the higher-order learning centers. Two experiments were performed. In experiment one, rats were exposed to 12 L:12D (12 h light and 12 h dark) with a 10, 100, or 1000 lx daytime light illuminance. After 30 days, various behavioral tests (novel object recognition test, hole board test, elevated plus maze test, radial arm maze, and passive avoidance test) were performed. In experiment 2, rats since birth were raised either under constant bright light (250 lx; LL) or a daily light-dark cycle (12 L:12D). After four months, behavioral tests (novel object recognition test, hole board test, elevated plus maze test, radial arm maze, passive avoidance test, Morris water maze, and Y-maze tests) were performed. At the end of experiments, rats were sampled, and mRNA expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf), Tyrosine kinase (Trk), microRNA132 (miR132), Neurogranin (Ng), Growth Associated Protein 43 (Gap-43), cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (Crebp), Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (Gsk3β), and Tumour necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α) were measured in the hippocampus, cortex, and thalamus of individual rats. Our results show that exposure to bright daylight (100 and 1000 lx; experiment 1) or constant light (experiment 2) compromises memory, learning, and cognition. Suppressed expression levels of these mRNA were also observed in the hypothalamus, cortex, and thalamus. These results suggest that light affects differently to different groups of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Sangma
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India
| | | | - Amit K Trivedi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India.
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Kelley CM, Maloney B, Beck JS, Ginsberg SD, Liang W, Lahiri DK, Mufson EJ, Counts SE. Micro-RNA profiles of pathology and resilience in posterior cingulate cortex of cognitively intact elders. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae082. [PMID: 38572270 PMCID: PMC10988646 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is a key hub of the default mode network underlying autobiographical memory retrieval, which falters early in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We recently performed RNA sequencing of post-mortem PCC tissue samples from 26 elderly Rush Religious Orders Study participants who came to autopsy with an ante-mortem diagnosis of no cognitive impairment but who collectively displayed a range of Braak I-IV neurofibrillary tangle stages. Notably, cognitively unimpaired subjects displaying high Braak stages may represent cognitive resilience to AD pathology. Transcriptomic data revealed elevated synaptic and ATP-related gene expression in Braak Stages III/IV compared with Stages I/II, suggesting these pathways may be related to PCC resilience. We also mined expression profiles for small non-coding micro-RNAs (miRNAs), which regulate mRNA stability and may represent an underexplored potential mechanism of resilience through the fine-tuning of gene expression within complex cellular networks. Twelve miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between Braak Stages I/II and III/IV. However, the extent to which the levels of all identified miRNAs were associated with subject demographics, neuropsychological test performance and/or neuropathological diagnostic criteria within this cohort was not explored. Here, we report that a total of 667 miRNAs are significantly associated (rho > 0.38, P < 0.05) with subject variables. There were significant positive correlations between miRNA expression levels and age, perceptual orientation and perceptual speed. By contrast, higher miRNA levels correlated negatively with semantic and episodic memory. Higher expression of 15 miRNAs associated with lower Braak Stages I-II and 47 miRNAs were associated with higher Braak Stages III-IV, suggesting additional mechanistic influences of PCC miRNA expression with resilience. Pathway analysis showed enrichment for miRNAs operating in pathways related to lysine degradation and fatty acid synthesis and metabolism. Finally, we demonstrated that the 12 resilience-related miRNAs differentially expressed in Braak Stages I/II versus Braak Stages III/IV were predicted to regulate mRNAs related to amyloid processing, tau and inflammation. In summary, we demonstrate a dynamic state wherein differential PCC miRNA levels are associated with cognitive performance and post-mortem neuropathological AD diagnostic criteria in cognitively intact elders. We posit these relationships may inform miRNA transcriptional alterations within the PCC relevant to potential early protective (resilience) or pathogenic (pre-clinical or prodromal) responses to disease pathogenesis and thus may be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy M Kelley
- Department of Translational Neuroscience and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Bryan Maloney
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John S Beck
- Departments of Translational Neuroscience and Family Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology, and the NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Winnie Liang
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Scott E Counts
- Departments of Translational Neuroscience and Family Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Keller G, Corvalan N, Carello MA, Arruabarrena MM, Martínez-Canyazo C, De Los Santos L, Spehrs J, Vila-Castelar C, Allegri RF, Quiroz YT, Crivelli L. Performance on the Latin American version of the Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (LAS-FNAME) distinguishes individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment from age-matched controls in a sample from Argentina. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38447166 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2323627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Latin American Spanish version of the Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (LAS-FNAME) has shown promise in identifying cognitive changes in those at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its applicability for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) detection in the Latin American population remains unexplored. This study aims to analyze the psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability and diagnostic performance of the LAS-FNAME for the detection of memory disorders in patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 31 participants with aMCI, diagnosed by a neurologist according to Petersen's criteria, and 19 healthy controls. Inclusion criteria for the aMCI group were to be 60 years of age or older, report cognitive complaints, have a memory test score (Craft Story 21) below a -1.5 z-score and have preserved functioning in activities of daily living. Participants completed LAS-FNAME and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS LAS-FNAME showed the ability to discriminate against healthy controls from patients with aMCI (AUC= 75) in comparison with a gold-standard memory test (AUC = 69.1). LAS-FNAME also showed evidence of concurrent and divergent validity with a standard memory test (RAVLT) (r = 0.58, p < .001) and with an attention task (Digit Span) (r = -0.37, p = .06). Finally, the reliability index was very high (α = 0.88). DISCUSSION LAS-FNAME effectively distinguished aMCI patients from healthy controls, suggesting its potential for detecting early cognitive changes in Alzheimer's prodromal stages among Spanish speakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Keller
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Neuropsychology and Neuropsychiatry, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Corvalan
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Neuropsychology and Neuropsychiatry, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Carello
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Neuropsychology and Neuropsychiatry, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M M Arruabarrena
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Neuropsychology and Neuropsychiatry, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Martínez-Canyazo
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Neuropsychology and Neuropsychiatry, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L De Los Santos
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Neuropsychology and Neuropsychiatry, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Spehrs
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Neuropsychology and Neuropsychiatry, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Vila-Castelar
- Department of Psychiatry, Multicultural Assessment & Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R F Allegri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Neuropsychology and Neuropsychiatry, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Buenos Aires Argentina, Institute of Neuroscience (INEU) - FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Y T Quiroz
- Department of Psychiatry, Multicultural Assessment & Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Crivelli
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Neuropsychology and Neuropsychiatry, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Buenos Aires Argentina, Institute of Neuroscience (INEU) - FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Liu L, Zhang CS, Zhang AL, Cai Y, Xue CC. The efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1341074. [PMID: 38425647 PMCID: PMC10902497 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1341074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Effective and safe treatments for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are limited. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is commonly used in China to manage MCI. However, its efficacy and safety remain uncertain. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHM for MCI. Methods: Nine databases were searched from their inceptions to January 2023. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials of oral CHM for MCI were included. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2.0, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated via the GRADE approach. Results: Thirteen studies, involving 1,043 participants, were analyzed. Most of the studies (10 out of 13) were associated with "some concerns" regarding the overall risk of bias. Meta-analyses results indicated that CHM significantly improved cognitive function compared to placebo in terms of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (MD: 1.90 [1.22, 2.58], I2 = 87%, 11 studies, 823 participants) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (MD: 2.88 [1.69, 4.06], I2 = 81%, 3 studies, 241 participants). The certainty of evidence for MMSE was assessed as "moderate", while it was "low" for MoCA. One study did not report adverse events (AEs), one study reported no statistical difference between the groups in terms of AEs, and 11 studies provided detailed numbers of AE cases where gastrointestinal symptoms were the most commonly reported AEs. Two studies reported no SAEs among participants and one study found no significant difference in SAEs proportions between groups. The meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in AEs between the two groups (RR: 1.31 [0.92, 1.87), I2 = 0%, 11 studies, 839 participants). The cognitive-enhancing function of commonly used herbs (Panax ginseng C.A.Mey., Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser, and Polygala tenuifolia Willd.) may be attributed to mechanisms including antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-neurotoxic, anti-cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory actions. Conclusion: Chinese herbal medicine holds potential as an effective intervention to improve cognitive function in MCI patients, supported by meta-analyses evidence of low to moderate certainty. Although current data suggests CHM is generally safe, caution is advised due to the lack of AE reporting or detailed information in some instances. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=400292, identifier [CRD42023400292].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Liu
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Claire Shuiqing Zhang
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony Lin Zhang
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yefeng Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Charlie Changli Xue
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Moreno-Rodriguez M, Perez SE, Martinez-Gardeazabal J, Manuel I, Malek-Ahmadi M, Rodriguez-Puertas R, Mufson EJ. Frontal Cortex Lipid Alterations During the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1515-1532. [PMID: 38578893 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Although sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology, familial AD is associated with specific gene mutations. A commonality between these forms of AD is that both display multiple pathogenic events including cholinergic and lipid dysregulation. Objective We aimed to identify the relevant lipids and the activity of their related receptors in the frontal cortex and correlating them with cognition during the progression of AD. Methods MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and functional autoradiography was used to evaluate the distribution of phospholipids/sphingolipids and the activity of cannabinoid 1 (CB1), sphingosine 1-phosphate 1 (S1P1), and muscarinic M2/M4 receptors in the frontal cortex (FC) of people that come to autopsy with premortem clinical diagnosis of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and no cognitive impairment (NCI). Results MALDI-MSI revealed an increase in myelin-related lipids, such as diacylglycerol (DG) 36:1, DG 38:5, and phosphatidic acid (PA) 40:6 in the white matter (WM) in MCI compared to NCI, and a downregulation of WM phosphatidylinositol (PI) 38:4 and PI 38:5 levels in AD compared to NCI. Elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) 32:1, PC 34:0, and sphingomyelin 38:1 were observed in discrete lipid accumulations in the FC supragranular layers during disease progression. Muscarinic M2/M4 receptor activation in layers V-VI decreased in AD compared to MCI. CB1 receptor activity was upregulated in layers V-VI, while S1P1 was downregulated within WM in AD relative to NCI. Conclusions FC WM lipidomic alterations are associated with myelin dyshomeostasis in prodromal AD, suggesting WM lipid maintenance as a potential therapeutic target for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moreno-Rodriguez
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sylvia E Perez
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Ivan Manuel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Rodriguez-Puertas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Gonzalez-Ruiz C, Ortiz-Flores M, Bernal-Hernández J, Mondragon-Lozano R, Palma-Guzman A, Coyoy-Salgado A, Salgado-Ceballos H. Phytochemical Extract from Carica papaya Leaves and Punica granatum Seeds as Therapy Against Cognitive Impairment in a Murine Model. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:450-464. [PMID: 37626269 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as inter-stage between normal cognitive aging and major neurocognitive disorder (MND). This state of decay is a crucial factor in treatment to prevent the progression to MND. In this study, our group developed a virtual screening process to evaluate 2568 phytochemical compounds against 5 key proteins associated with MCI and MND. As a result, two potential candidates were identified: carpaine, found in Carica papaya leaves, and punicalagin, present in Punica granatum. A model of cognitive impairment (CI) was developed in 10-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats by administering aluminum chloride (AlCl3) at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 30 days. After AlCl3 administration period, one of the groups received carpaine and punicalagin in a phytochemical extract (PE) by oral gavage for 30 days. Novel object recognition test (NOR) was assessed at three different time points (T1 - before CI, T2 - after CI, and T3 - after PE treatment). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were identified in the hippocampus of rats at the end of the study period. After administration of AlCl3, a reduction in discrimination index vs control rats (CI = 0.012 ± 0.08 vs Control = 0.076 ± 0.03), was observed. After phytochemical extract treatment, a significant increase in discrimination index values was observed in the PE group 0.4643 ± 0.13 vs CI group 0.012 ± 0.08. Additionally, the evaluation of immunohistochemistry showed an increase in GFAP positivity in the hippocampus of the CI groups, while a slight decrease was observed in the PE group. This work addressed a comprehensive methodology that utilized in silico tools to identify phytochemical compounds (carpaine and punicalagin) as potential candidates for affecting key proteins in CI. The phytochemical extract containing carpaine and punicalagin resulted in a trend in the decrease of GFAP expression in the hippocampus and improved recognition memory in rats with CI induced by age and AlCl3 administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Gonzalez-Ruiz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ortiz-Flores
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Bernal-Hernández
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Mondragon-Lozano
- Researchers for Mexico CONAHCyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Alam Palma-Guzman
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Laboratorio de Histología, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Coyoy-Salgado
- Researchers for Mexico CONAHCyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Hermelinda Salgado-Ceballos
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City, Mexico.
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10
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Seo Y, Gang G, Kim HK, Kim Y, Kang S, Kim H, Lee SG, Go GW. Effect of MIND diet on cognitive function in elderly: a narrative review with emphasis on bioactive food ingredients. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:297-306. [PMID: 38222909 PMCID: PMC10786772 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
As the world becomes a super-aged society, cognitive decline is public health problems that are increasing rapidly. A healthy diet has great potential for maintaining cognitive health. A diet that could delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases has been developed: the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, a hybrid form of the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. In this review, the effects of the MIND diet on improving cognitive function, including memory, are summarized. In most studies, the higher the adherence to the MIND diet, the higher the cognitive function evaluation score, and the lower the incidence of dementia. This is because of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the major nutritional components of the MIND diet: folate, carotenoids, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Adherence to the MIND diet, containing various bioactive food ingredients, is related to cognitive improvement in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhyun Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoungok Gang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gill Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-woong Go
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
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11
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Jia K, Tian J, Wang T, Guo L, Xuan Z, Swerdlow RH, Du H. Mitochondria-sequestered Aβ renders synaptic mitochondria vulnerable in the elderly with a risk of Alzheimer disease. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e174290. [PMID: 37991017 PMCID: PMC10721326 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for neurophysiology, and mitochondrial dysfunction constitutes a characteristic pathology in both brain aging and Alzheimer disease (AD). Whether mitochondrial deficiency in brain aging and AD is mechanistically linked, however, remains controversial. We report a correlation between intrasynaptosomal amyloid β 42 (Aβ42) and synaptic mitochondrial bioenergetics inefficiency in both aging and amnestic mild cognitive impairment, a transitional stage between normal aging and AD. Experiments using a mouse model expressing nonmutant humanized Aβ (humanized Aβ-knockin [hAβ-KI] mice) confirmed the association of increased intramitochondrial sequestration of Aβ42 with exacerbated synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction in an aging factor- and AD risk-bearing context. Also, in comparison with global cerebral Aβ, intramitochondrial Aβ was relatively preserved from activated microglial phagocytosis in aged hAβ-KI mice. The most parsimonious interpretation of our results is that aging-related mitochondrial Aβ sequestration renders synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction in the transitional stage between normal aging and AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction in both brain aging and the prodromal stage of AD may follow a continuous transition in response to escalated intraneuronal, especially intramitochondrial Aβ, accumulation. Moreover, our findings further implicate a pivotal role of mitochondria in harboring early amyloidosis during the conversion from normal to pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Tienju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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12
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Seema B, Prahlad KS, Anuradha B, Sangeeta C, Parul T, Anjali M, Mamta K, Parul S. Homocysteine and nutritional biomarkers in cognitive impairment. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2497-2504. [PMID: 36913152 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a progressive disorder that affects the ageing population. With the increase in the mean age of our population, it is becoming a public health problem. Homocysteinemia has been implicated in cognitive impairment. Whilst it is modulated by vitamins B12 and folate, it acts through MMPs 2 and 9. To assesses the relationship of cognitive impairment with homocysteine, B12, folate and MMPs 2 and 9, so as to detect cases of mild cognitive impairment which are potentially reversible, blood samples were drawn from 73 enrolled subjects, with and without cognitive impairment on basis of Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score < 25 or ≥ 25, respectively. Homocysteine, B12, folate and MMPs2 and 9 were estimated. Correlation between MoCA score and these parameters was elucidated. After adjusting for age and gender, homocysteine was the only significant independent predictor of MoCA score. Cut-off of homocysteine for prediction of MoCA < 25 was derived at 13.5 µmol/L(PPV = 59.6%; NPV = 79.2%). The equation derived for calculation of MoCA score from homocysteine is: MoCA score = 32.893 + [(- 0.223)(homocysteine in μmol/L)]. Homocysteine > 13.5 μmol/L predicts low MoCA (< 25) with 84.8% sensitivity and 50% specificity. Hence, patients with an Hcy > 13.5 μmol/L should be administered B12 and folate to reduce homocysteine, a modifiable risk factor of cognitive decline. Also, a novel equation for calculating MoCA score from homocysteine has been derived. Using this derived equation to calculate MoCA score, it may be possible to identify asymptomatic subjects with early cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargava Seema
- Department of Biochemistry, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - K Sethi Prahlad
- Department of Neurology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Batra Anuradha
- Department of Neurology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Takkar Parul
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Manocha Anjali
- Department of Biochemistry, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kankra Mamta
- Department of Biochemistry, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Singla Parul
- Department of Biochemistry, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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13
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Haagsma AB, Souza DLB, Vasconcellos GM, Olandoski M, Jerez-Roig J, Baena CP. Longitudinal Relationship Between Handgrip Strength and Cognitive Function in a European Multicentric Population Older Than 50 Years. Phys Ther 2023; 103:pzad057. [PMID: 37249576 PMCID: PMC11009692 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the bidirectional association between handgrip strength (HGS) and cognitive performance in different cognitive functions in a European population and to evaluate the predictive validity of HGS for the risk of future cognitive impairment in aging individuals. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study conducted using data on individuals over 50 years of age from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). HGS measures and scores in numeracy, recall, and verbal fluency were repeated and analyzed biannually for 4 years and were used in generalized estimating equations to test the bidirectional association, categorized by sex. RESULTS Of the 8236 individuals included, 55.73% were women with a mean age of 67.55 (standard deviation [SD] = 8.4) years and 44.27% were men with a mean age of 68.42 (SD = 7.7) years. HGS predicted cognitive decline in both sexes, except for numeracy in men, even after adjustments. The strongest association with HGS in women was in verbal fluency (β = .094; 95% CI = 0.039 to 0.151), whereas the strongest association with HGS in men was in delayed verbal recall (β = .095; 95% CI = 0.039 to 0.151). Conversely, the greatest cognitive predictor of HGS decline was verbal fluency in men (β = .796; 95% CI = 0.464 to 1.128), and in women (β = .801; 95% CI= 0.567 to 1.109). CONCLUSION There is a significant and bidirectional association between HGS and different cognitive functions in a European multicentric population. This bidirectional association differed between sexes. IMPACT Both men and women who presented with cognitive decline also showed early changes in their HGS measures, and vice versa, but there still were differences between the sexes. These findings reinforce that HGS may be a simple and inexpensive method to identify early signs of cognitive decline, and that studies and rehabilitation strategies should be more sex specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariele B Haagsma
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Dyego L B Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Olandoski
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Javier Jerez-Roig
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina P Baena
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Hospital Marcelino Champagnat, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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14
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Sangma JT, Trivedi AK. Light at night: effect on the daily clock, learning, memory, cognition, and expression of transcripts in different brain regions of rat. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2297-2314. [PMID: 37337065 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in urbanization is altering the natural composition of the day-night light ratio. The light/dark cycle regulates animal learning, memory, and mood swings. A study was conducted to examine the effect of different quantity and quality of light at night on the daily clock, learning, memory, cognition, and expression of transcripts in key learning centers. Treatment was similar for experiments one to three. Rats were exposed for 30 days to 12 h light and 12 h dark with a night light of 2 lx (dLAN group), 250 lx (LL), or without night light (LD). In experiment one, after 28 days, blood samples were collected and 2 days later, animals were exposed to constant darkness. In experiment two, after 30 days of treatment, animals were subjected to various tests involving learning, memory, and cognition. In experiment three, after 30 days of treatment, animals were sampled, and transcript levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase, Growth-Associated Protein 43, Neurogranin, microRNA-132, cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein, Glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and Tumor necrosis factor α were measured in hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex tissues. In experiment four, animals were exposed to night light of 0.019 W/m2 but of either red (640 nm), green (540 nm), or blue (450 nm) wavelength for 30 days, and similar tests were performed as mentioned in experiment 2. While in experiment five, after 30 days of respective wavelength treatments, all animals were sampled for gene expression studies. Our results show that exposure to dLAN and LL affects the daily clock as reflected by altered melatonin secretion and locomotor activity, compromises the learning, memory, and cognitive ability, and alterations in the expression levels of transcripts in the hypothalamus, cortex, and thalamus. The effect is night light intensity dependent. Further, blue light at night has less drastic effects than green and red light. These results could be of the potential use of framing the policies for the use of light at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Sangma
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Amit K Trivedi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India.
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15
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Ziegler T, Tsiountsioura M, Meixner-Goetz L, Cvirn G, Lamprecht M. Polyphenols' Impact on Selected Biomarkers of Brain Aging in Healthy Middle-Aged and Elderly Subjects: A Review of Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:3770. [PMID: 37686802 PMCID: PMC10490411 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With a constantly growing elderly population, incidences of neurodegenerative diseases are also rising and are expected to further increase over the next years, while costing health systems across the world trillions of dollars. Therefore, biomarkers to detect manifestations of brain aging early and interventions to slow down its pace are of great interest. In the last years, the importance of the neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the context of cognitive function and the aging brain has increased, besides the already well-established amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau plaques. Due to their wide range of beneficial health effects as well as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, a class of secondary plant-metabolites, the so-called polyphenols, gained increasing attention. In this review, we discuss the roles of BDNF, Aβ, NGF, and tau proteins as biomarkers of brain aging and the effect of dietary polyphenol interventions on these biomarkers, assessed via blood analysis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ziegler
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (T.Z.); (M.T.); (G.C.)
- Juice Plus+ Science Institute, Memphis, TN 38017, USA;
| | - Melina Tsiountsioura
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (T.Z.); (M.T.); (G.C.)
- Juice Plus+ Science Institute, Memphis, TN 38017, USA;
| | | | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (T.Z.); (M.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Manfred Lamprecht
- Juice Plus+ Science Institute, Memphis, TN 38017, USA;
- Green Beat Institute of Nutrient Research, 8010 Graz, Austria
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16
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Maran JJ, Adesina MM, Green CR, Kwakowsky A, Mugisho OO. Retinal inner nuclear layer thickness in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment explored using a C57BL/6J mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8150. [PMID: 37208533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Major neurocognitive disorder (NCD) affects over 55 million people worldwide and is characterized by cognitive impairment (CI). This study aimed to develop a non-invasive diagnostic test for CI based upon retinal thickness measurements explored in a mouse model. Discrimination indices and retinal layer thickness of healthy C57BL/6J mice were quantified through a novel object recognition test (NORT) and ocular coherence tomography (OCT), respectively. Based on criteria from the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th ed. (DSM-V), a diagnostic test was generated by transforming data into rolling monthly averages and categorizing mice into those with and without CI and those with a high or low decline in retinal layer thickness. Only inner nuclear layer thickness had a statistically significant relationship with discrimination indices. Furthermore, our diagnostic test was 85.71% sensitive and 100% specific for diagnosing CI, with a positive predictive value of 100%. These findings have potential clinical implications for the early diagnosis of CI in NCD. However, further investigation in comorbid mice and humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Maran
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Moradeke M Adesina
- Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Colin R Green
- Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Kwakowsky
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Odunayo O Mugisho
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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17
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Lin YR, Chi CH, Chang YL. Differential decay of gist and detail memory in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Cortex 2023; 164:112-128. [PMID: 37207409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) has been identified as a risk factor for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. The medial temporal structures, which are crucial for memory processing, are the earliest affected regions in the brains of patients with aMCI, and episodic memory performance has been identified as a reliable way to discriminate between patients with aMCI and cognitively normal older adults. However, whether the detail and gist memory of patients with aMCI and cognitively normal older adults decay differently remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that detail and gist memory would be retrieved differentially, with a larger group performance gap in detail memory than in gist memory. In addition, we explored whether an increasing group performance gap between detail memory and gist memory groups would be observed over a 14-day period. Furthermore, we hypothesized that unisensory (audio-only) and multisensory (audiovisual) encoding would lead to differences in retrievals, with the multisensory condition reducing between and within-group performance gaps observed under the unisensory condition. The analyses conducted were analyses of covariance controlling for age, sex, and education and correlational analyses to examine behavioral performance and the association between behavioral data and brain variables. Compared with cognitively normal older adults, the patients with aMCI performed poorly on both detail and gist memory tests, and this performance gap persisted over time. Moreover, the memory performance of the patients with aMCI was enhanced by the provision of multisensory information, and bimodal input was significantly associated with medial temporal structure variables. Overall, our findings suggest that detail and gist memory decay differently, with a longer lasting group gap in gist memory than in detail memory. Multisensory encoding effectively reduced or overcame the between- and within-group gaps between time intervals, especially for gist memory, compared with unisensory encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ruei Lin
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsing Chi
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Chang
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Granot-Hershkovitz E, Spitzer B, Yang Y, Tarraf W, Yu B, Boerwinkle E, Fornage M, Mosley TH, DeCarli C, Kristal BS, González HM, Sofer T. Genetic loci of beta-aminoisobutyric acid are associated with aging-related mild cognitive impairment. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:140. [PMID: 37120436 PMCID: PMC10148805 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the genetic associations of a previously developed Metabolomic Risk Score (MRS) for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and beta-aminoisobutyric acid metabolite (BAIBA)-the metabolite highlighted by results from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the MCI-MRS, and assessed their association with MCI in datasets of diverse race/ethnicities. We first performed a GWAS for the MCI-MRS and BAIBA, in Hispanic/Latino adults (n = 3890) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). We identified ten independent genome-wide significant (p value <5 × 10-8) variants associated with MCI-MRS or BAIBA. Variants associated with the MCI-MRS are located in the Alanine-Glyoxylate Aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2 gene), which is known to be associated with BAIBA metabolism. Variants associated with BAIBA are located in the AGXT2 gene and in the SLC6A13 gene. Next, we tested the variants' association with MCI in independent datasets of n = 3178 HCHS/SOL older individuals, n = 3775 European Americans, and n = 1032 African Americans from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study. Variants were considered associated with MCI if their p value <0.05 in the meta-analysis of the three datasets and their direction of association was consistent with expectation. Rs16899972 and rs37369 from the AGXT2 region were associated with MCI. Mediation analysis supported the mediation effect of BAIBA between the two genetic variants and MCI (p value = 0.004 for causal mediated effect). In summary, genetic variants in the AGXT2 region are associated with MCI in Hispanic/Latino, African, and European American populations in the USA, and their effect is likely mediated by changes in BAIBA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Granot-Hershkovitz
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Spitzer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yunju Yang
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bruce S Kristal
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hector M González
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Johnston JL, Reda SM, Setti SE, Taylor RW, Berthiaume AA, Walker WE, Wu W, Moebius HJ, Church KJ. Fosgonimeton, a Novel Positive Modulator of the HGF/MET System, Promotes Neurotrophic and Procognitive Effects in Models of Dementia. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:431-451. [PMID: 36538176 PMCID: PMC10121968 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
All types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, are debilitating neurodegenerative conditions marked by compromised cognitive function for which there are few effective treatments. Positive modulation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/MET, a critical neurotrophic signaling system, may promote neuronal health and function, thereby addressing neurodegeneration in dementia. Here, we evaluate a series of novel small molecules for their ability to (1) positively modulate HGF/MET activity, (2) induce neurotrophic changes and protect against neurotoxic insults in primary neuron culture, (3) promote anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, and (4) reverse cognitive deficits in animal models of dementia. Through screening studies, the compound now known as fosgonimeton-active metabolite (fosgo-AM) was identified by use of immunocytochemistry to be the most potent positive modulator of HGF/MET and was selected for further testing. Primary hippocampal neurons treated with fosgo-AM showed enhanced synaptogenesis and neurite outgrowth, supporting the neurotrophic effects of positive modulators of HGF/MET. Additionally, fosgo-AM protected against neurotoxic insults in primary cortical neuron cultures. In vivo, treatment with fosgo-AM rescued cognitive deficits in the rat scopolamine amnesia model of dementia. Although fosgo-AM demonstrated several procognitive effects in vitro and in vivo, a prodrug strategy was used to enhance the pharmacological properties of fosgo-AM, resulting in the development of fosgonimeton (ATH-1017). The effect of fosgonimeton on cognition was confirmed in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory mouse model of dementia. Together, the results of these studies support the potential of positive modulators of HGF/MET to be used as novel therapeutics and suggest the drug candidate fosgonimeton might protect against neurodegeneration and be therapeutic in the management of Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewel L Johnston
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Sherif M Reda
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Sharay E Setti
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | | | - William E Walker
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Hans J Moebius
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Kevin J Church
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA.
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Teoh NSN, Gyanwali B, Lai MKP, Chai YL, Chong JR, Chong EJY, Chen C, Tan CS, Hilal S. Association of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 with Cognitive Decline in an Asian Memory Clinic Population. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:445-455. [PMID: 36776060 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation has been postulated to play an important role in cognitive impairment, cognitive decline, and dementia. Inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 are found to be associated with the neuro-inflammatory process and worse cognitive function. However, it is unknown whether these interleukins are associated with long-term cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of baseline IL-6 and IL-8 with cognitive function at baseline as well as its association with cognitive decline over five-year follow-up. METHODS 387 patients were recruited from an ongoing memory clinic-based study who underwent comprehensive physical, medical, neuropsychological and blood assessments together with brain MRI. IL-6 and IL-8 were measured using LUMINEX assays. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network neuropsychological battery was used to assess cognitive decline across multiple domains. RESULTS Among the 387 (mean age = 72.9 years and 53.7% males) participants, 322 had at least two follow-up assessments and were included in the longitudinal analysis. Negative linear trend associations were found between tertiles of IL-8 with baseline global cognition (p-trend< 0.001), attention (p-trend = 0.005), executive function (p-trend< 0.001), and visuospatial function (p-trend = 0.002) domains. No association was found between baseline IL-8 and cognitive decline. IL-6 was not associated with both baseline and follow-up cognition. CONCLUSION IL-8 was associated with worse cognition especially in attention, executive function, and visuospatial function, suggesting the role of neuroinflammation in cognitive impairment. Hence, blood inflammatory biomarkers may be useful indicators in identifying patients at risk of cognitive impairment and warrant consideration for inclusion in treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Shu Ning Teoh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bibek Gyanwali
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuek Ling Chai
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joyce R Chong
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eddie Jun Yi Chong
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Christopher Chen
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Chiariello A, Valente S, Pasquinelli G, Baracca A, Sgarbi G, Solaini G, Medici V, Fantini V, Poloni TE, Tognocchi M, Arcaro M, Galimberti D, Franceschi C, Capri M, Salvioli S, Conte M. The expression pattern of GDF15 in human brain changes during aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1058665. [PMID: 36698863 PMCID: PMC9869280 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1058665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is a mitochondrial-stress-responsive molecule whose expression strongly increases with aging and age-related diseases. However, its role in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is still debated. Methods We have characterized the expression of GDF15 in brain samples from AD patients and non-demented subjects (controls) of different ages. Results Although no difference in CSF levels of GDF15 was found between AD patients and controls, GDF15 was expressed in different brain areas and seems to be predominantly localized in neurons. The ratio between its mature and precursor form was higher in the frontal cortex of AD patients compared to age-matched controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, this ratio was even higher for centenarians (p < 0.01), indicating that aging also affects GDF15 expression and maturation. A lower expression of OXPHOS complexes I, III, and V in AD patients compared to controls was also noticed, and a positive correlation between GDF15 and IL-6 mRNA levels was observed. Finally, when GDF15 was silenced in vitro in dermal fibroblasts, a decrease in OXPHOS complexes transcript levels and an increase in IL-6 levels were observed. Discussion Although GDF15 seems not to be a reliable CSF marker for AD, it is highly expressed in aging and AD brains, likely as a part of stress response aimed at counteracting mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chiariello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fantini
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tognocchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Applied Mathematics of the Institute of ITMM, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,*Correspondence: Stefano Salvioli, ✉
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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22
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LI K, YU H, KORTAS JA, LIN X, LIPOWSKI M. The effect of 12 weeks of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function, lower limb balance and quality of life of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2023. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.22.04802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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23
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Chen X, Gong T, Chen T, Xu C, Li Y, Song Q, Lin L, Oeltzschner G, Edden RAE, Xia Z, Wang G. Altered glutamate-glutamine and amide proton transfer-weighted values in the hippocampus of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A novel combined imaging diagnostic marker. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1089300. [PMID: 36908797 PMCID: PMC9995585 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1089300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Early diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and timely management to delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) would benefit patients. Pathological metabolic changes of excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters and abnormal protein deposition in the hippocampus of aMCI may provide a new clue to imaging diagnosis. However, the diagnostic performance using these hippocampal metabolite measurements is still unclear. We aimed to quantify right hippocampal glutamate-glutamine (Glx) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels as well as protein-based amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) signals of patients with aMCI and investigate the diagnostic performance of these metabolites. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 20 patients with aMCI and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent MEGA Point Resolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) and APTw MR imaging at 3 T. GABA+, Glx, and APTw signals were measured in the right hippocampus. The GABA+ levels, Glx levels, Glx/GABA+ ratios, and APTw values were compared between the HCs and aMCI groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate MEGA-PRESS and APTw parameters' diagnostic performance. Results Compared with HCs, patients with aMCI had significantly lower Glx levels in the right hippocampus (7.02 ± 1.41 i.u. vs. 5.81 ± 1.33 i.u., P = 0.018). No significant changes in the GABA+ levels were observed in patients with aMCI (HCs vs. aMCI: 2.54 ± 0.28 i.u. vs. 2.47 ± 0.36 i.u., P = 0.620). In addition, Glx/GABA+ ratios between the two groups (HCs vs. aMCI: 2.79 ± 0.60 vs. 2.37 ± 0.55, P = 0.035) were significantly different. Compared with HCs, patients with aMCI showed higher APTw values in the right hippocampus (0.99 ± 0.26% vs. 1.26% ± 0.28, P = 0.006). The ROC curve analysis showed that Glx, GABA+, Glx/GABA+, and APTw values had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72, 0.55, 0.70, and 0.75, respectively, for diagnosing aMCI. In the ROC curve analysis, the AUC of the combination of the parameters increased to 0.88, which is much higher than that observed in the univariate analysis (P < 0.05). Conclusion The combination of right hippocampal Glx levels and APTw values improved the diagnostic performance for aMCI, indicating it as a promising combined imaging diagnostic marker. Our study provided a potential imaging diagnostic strategy of aMCI, which may promote early detection of aMCI and facilitate timely intervention to delay the pathological progress toward AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Changyuan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuchao Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingxu Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Georg Oeltzschner
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard A E Edden
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zhangyong Xia
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Department of Neurology, Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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24
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Blair EM, Levine DA, Hu HM, Langa KM, Kabeto MU, Waljee J. The Influence of Cognitive Impairment on Postoperative Outcomes. Ann Surg 2023; 277:e212-e217. [PMID: 33605584 PMCID: PMC8353015 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences in rates of elective surgery, postoperative mortality, and readmission by pre-existing cognitive status among Medicare beneficiaries undergoing surgery. BACKGROUND MCI is common among older adults, but the impact of MCI on surgical outcomes is understudied. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals ≥65 who underwent surgery between 2001 and 2015 using data from the nationally-representative Health and Retirement Study linked with Medicare claims. Cognitive status was assessed by the modified telephone interview for cognitive status score and categorized as normal cognition (score: 12-27), MCI (7-11), and dementia (<7). Outcomes were 30- and 90-day postoperative mortality and readmissions. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the risk of each outcome by cognition, adjusting for patient characteristics. RESULTS In 6,590 patients, 69.9% had normal cognition, 20.1% had MCI, and 9.9% had dementia. Patients with MCI (79.9%) and dementia (73.6%) were less likely to undergo elective surgery than patients with normal cognition (85.9%). Patients with MCI had similar postoperative mortality and readmissions rates as patients with normal cognition. However, patients with dementia had significantly higher postoperative 90-day mortality (5.2% vs 8.4%, P = 0.002) and readmission rates (13.9% vs 17.3%, P = 0.038). CONCLUSION Patients with self-reported MCI are less likely to undergo elective surgery but have similar postoperative outcomes compared with patients with normal cognition. Despite the variability of defining MCI, our findings suggest that MCI may not confer additional risk for older individuals undergoing surgery, and should not be a barrier for surgical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie M. Blair
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cognitive Health Services Research Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Deborah A. Levine
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cognitive Health Services Research Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hsou Mei Hu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Michigan Opioid Prescribing Engagement Network, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kenneth M. Langa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cognitive Health Services Research Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Social Research, U-M, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mohammed U. Kabeto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cognitive Health Services Research Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jennifer Waljee
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Michigan Opioid Prescribing Engagement Network, Ann Arbor, MI
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25
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Moebius HJ, Church KJ. The Case for a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Dementia: Small Molecule Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF/MET) Positive Modulators. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1-12. [PMID: 36683507 PMCID: PMC10041442 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An estimated 6.5 million Americans aged 65 years or older have Alzheimer's disease (AD), which will grow to 13.8 million Americans by 2060. Despite the growing burden of dementia, no fundamental change in drug development for AD has been seen in > 20 years. Currently approved drugs for AD produce only modest symptomatic improvements in cognition with small effect sizes. A growing mismatch exists between the urgent need to develop effective drugs for symptomatic AD and the largely failed search for disease modification. The failure rate of clinical trials in AD is high overall, and in particular for disease-modifying therapies. Research efforts in AD have focused predominantly on amyloid-β and tau pathologies, but limiting clinical research to these "classical hallmarks" of the disease does not address the most urgent patient, caregiver, or societal needs. Rather, clinical research should consider the complex pathophysiology of AD. Innovative approaches are needed that provide outside-the-box thinking, and re-imagine trial design, interventions, and outcomes as well as progress in proteomics and fluid biomarker analytics for both diagnostics and disease monitoring. A new approach offering a highly specific, yet multi-pronged intervention that exerts positive modulation on the HGF/MET neurotrophic system is currently being tested in mid-to-late-stage clinical trials in mild to moderate AD. Findings from such trials may provide data to support novel approaches for development of innovative drugs for treating AD at various disease stages, including among patients already symptomatic, and may offer benefits for other neurodegenerative diseases.
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26
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Spatiotemporal EEG Dynamics of Prospective Memory in Ageing and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Cognit Comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12559-022-10075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM, the memory of future intentions) is one of the first complaints of those that develop dementia-related disease. Little is known about the neurophysiology of PM in ageing and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). By using a novel artificial neural network to investigate the spatial and temporal features of PM related brain activity, new insights can be uncovered. Young adults (n = 30), healthy older adults (n = 39) and older adults with MCI (n = 27) completed a working memory and two PM (perceptual, conceptual) tasks. Time-locked electroencephalographic potentials (ERPs) from 128-electrodes were analysed using a brain-inspired spiking neural network (SNN) architecture. Local and global connectivity from the SNNs was then evaluated. SNNs outperformed other machine learning methods in classification of brain activity between younger, older and older adults with MCI. SNNs trained using PM related brain activity had better classification accuracy than working memory related brain activity. In general, younger adults exhibited greater local cluster connectivity compared to both older adult groups. Older adults with MCI demonstrated decreased global connectivity in response to working memory and perceptual PM tasks but increased connectivity in the conceptual PM models relative to younger and healthy older adults. SNNs can provide a useful method for differentiating between those with and without MCI. Using brain activity related to PM in combination with SNNs may provide a sensitive biomarker for detecting cognitive decline. Cognitively demanding tasks may increase the amount connectivity in older adults with MCI as a means of compensation.
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KHANTHONG PHAKSACHIPHON, DECHAKHAMPHU ANANYA, SRIYAKUL KUSUMA, KRAJARNG AUNGKANA, KAMALASHIRAN CHUNTIDA, TUNGSUKRUTHAI PARUNKUL. Effects of Oxidative Damage during Ruesi Dadton Exercise in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2022; 15:1528-1537. [PMID: 36618334 PMCID: PMC9797009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of biomarkers of oxidative stress (OS) in 8-isoprostane (8-iso) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during a 12-week Ruesi Dadton (RD) exercise. A total of 274 enrolled participants were classified into blocks based on age and formal educational years, and randomly assigned into two groups: RD and control (CON). The participants' cognitive functions were tested using Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores to screen for MCI. Urine samples of approximately 30 mL were collected from both groups pre- and post-intervention. All participants signed consent forms before participating in the program. Participants in the RD group were instructed to perform 15 postures of RD exercise in 60 min, three times a week for 12 weeks. A 2 × 2 (group × time) repeated multivariate analysis, with MoCA score, 8-iso, and 8-OH-dG as covariates, was performed to analyze the between-subject differences across group [V = 0.143, F(2,60) = 5.020, p = 0.010, d = 0.209] and within-subject differences across interaction between group [V = 0.143, F(2,60) = 5.020, p = 0.010, d = 0.408]. There were significant differences from univariate data regarding both 8-iso (F1,61 = 10.081, P = 0.002, d = 0.406) and 8-OH-dG (F(1,61) = 5.965, P = 0.018, d = 0.312) levels. Moreover, results from both biomarkers in the RD group revealed significant improvements in 8-iso (p < 0.001) and 8-OH-dG (p = 0.003), whereas there were no improvements in the CON group. In conclusion, RD decreased biomarkers of OS during 12 weeks of RD exercise in MCI. These results indicate that in MCI, RD could improve lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation by 8-iso and 8-OH-dG, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - ANANYA DECHAKHAMPHU
- Faculty of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, THAILAND
| | - KUSUMA SRIYAKUL
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, THAILAND
| | - AUNGKANA KRAJARNG
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, THAILAND
| | - CHUNTIDA KAMALASHIRAN
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, THAILAND
| | - PARUNKUL TUNGSUKRUTHAI
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, THAILAND
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Eastus CC, Baez DE, Buckley ML, Lee J, Adami A. The role of structured exercise interventions on cognitive function in older individuals with stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A scoping review. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:987356. [PMID: 36386775 PMCID: PMC9659625 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.987356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A decline in cognitive performance has been associated with disease severity, exacerbations rate, presence of comorbidities, and low activity level in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Participation in exercise programs appears to have neuroprotective effects and to improve cognitive performance in older people. The present work undertook a scoping review of the effects of exercise-based interventions on cognitive function in older individuals with stable COPD. METHODS The methodological framework for scoping review was used and electronic searches of five databases performed. Original research and observational studies published between January 2010 and December 2021, administering exercise-based interventions and cognitive function evaluation, were included. RESULTS Of 13 full-text manuscripts assessed for eligibility, five were allocated to analysis. Three studies administered exercise training within pulmonary outpatient rehabilitation program (PR), and one inpatient PR. The fifth study conducted a structured training intervention in which either aerobic or a combination with resistance exercises were included. Twelve cognitive function screening tools were used in the five studies included in the analysis. Results extracted were based on 245 COPD (33% female) with moderate to very-severe airflow limitation. Interventions ranged from 12 to 36 sessions. Studies reported statistically significant improvements after intervention in different cognitive function domains, such as global cognition, immediate and delayed recall ability, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, attention, abstract reasoning, praxis ability. CONCLUSIONS Exercise-based interventions improve several areas of cognitive function in patients with stable COPD. However, the magnitude of gain varies among studies, and this is possibly due to the heterogeneity of tests used. Future research is needed to validate the optimal battery of screening tests, and to support the definition of guidelines for cognitive function evaluation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Eastus
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Daniel E. Baez
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Maria L. Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jungeun Lee
- College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Alessandra Adami
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States,Correspondence: Alessandra Adami
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Ma S, Huang H, Zhong Z, Zheng H, Li M, Yao L, Yu B, Wang H. Effect of acupuncture on brain regions modulation of mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:914049. [PMID: 36212046 PMCID: PMC9540390 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.914049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a non-pharmacological therapy, acupuncture has significant efficacy in treating Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) compared to pharmacological therapies. In recent years, advances in neuroimaging techniques have provided new perspectives to elucidate the central mechanisms of acupuncture for MCI. Many acupuncture brain imaging studies have found significant improvements in brain function after acupuncture treatment of MCI, but the underlying mechanisms of brain regions modulation are unclear. Objective A meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of MCI patients treated with acupuncture was conducted to summarize the effects of acupuncture on the modulation of MCI brain regions from a neuroimaging perspective. Methods Using acupuncture, neuroimaging, magnetic resonance, and Mild Cognitive Impairment as search terms, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine disk (CBM disk), Wanfang and Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP) for brain imaging studies on acupuncture on MCI published up to April 2022. Voxel-based neuroimaging meta-analysis of fMRI data was performed using voxel-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI), allowing for Family-Wise Error Rate (FWER) correction correction for correction multiple comparisons of results. Subgroup analysis was used to compare the differences in brain regions between the acupuncture treatment group and other control groups. Meta-regression was used to explore demographic information and altered cognitive function effects on brain imaging outcomes. Linear models were drawn using MATLAB 2017a, and visual graphs for quality evaluation were produced using R software and RStudio software. Results A total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria, with 94 patients in the treatment group and 112 patients in the control group. All studies were analyzed using the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method. The experimental design of fMRI included six task state studies and one resting-state study. The meta-analysis showed that MCI patients had enhanced activity in the right insula, left anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri, right thalamus, right middle frontal gyrus, right median cingulate/paracingulate gyri, and right middle temporal gyrus brain regions after acupuncture treatment. Further analysis of RCT and longitudinal studies showed that Reho values were significantly elevated in two brain regions, the left anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyrus and the right insula, after acupuncture. The MCI group showed stronger activity in the right supramarginal gyrus after acupuncture treatment compared to healthy controls. Meta-regression analysis showed that the right anterior thalamic projection ReHo index was significantly correlated with the MMSE score after acupuncture treatment in all MCI patients. Conclusions Acupuncture therapy has a modulating effect on the brain regions of MCI patients. However, due to the inadequate experimental design of neuroimaging studies, multi-center neuroimaging studies with large samples are needed better to understand the potential neuroimaging mechanisms of acupuncture for MCI. In addition, machine learning algorithm-based predictive models for evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture for MCI may become a focus of future research. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022287826, identifier: CRD 42022287826.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Ma
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haipeng Huang
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Zhong
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haizhu Zheng
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Yao
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Zhang C, Shi G, Li G, Zuo K, Bai X, Meng Q, Huang M. Paraquat induces microglial cause early neuronal synaptic deficits through activation of the classical complement cascade response. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152275. [PMID: 36152426 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Synapse loss is considered to be an early event in the dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS), precedes neuronal decline, which is the main pathological change in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Accumulating evidence has shown that neuronal synapse loss is associated with hyperactivity of microglial phagocytosis. In the CNS, microglia act as macrophages to clear cellular debris and weakened synapses, but the mechanism by which microglia activation leads to phagocytosis disorder remains unclear. Therefore, we treated mice with paraquat (PQ) in intraperitoneal injection to explore the mechanism by which microglia exert immunotoxicity in the CNS and cause neuronal synapse loss. Immunofluorescence results exposed synapses decreased with PQ exposure time, but the staining HE and Nissl showed that neuronal cell bodies were hardly affected. Fluorescence co-localization found that C1q (classical complement cascade initiation factor) was gradually deposited in the postsynaptic membrane of neurons to trigger the cascade reaction, thereby causing the excessive deposition of C3, a key factor of the classical complement cascade, and further induces hyperactivation of microglia, leads to phagocytosis disorder. IHC results demonstrated that the parallel relationship. Therefore, all our preliminary results throw light on the mechanism by which PQ abnormally triggers the immune system to produce immunotoxicity leading to microglial phagocytic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ge Shi
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Kai Zuo
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xinghua Bai
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qi Meng
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China.
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Zhao Y, Song P, Zhang H, Chen X, Han P, Yu X, Fang C, Xie F, Guo Q. Alteration of plasma metabolic profile and physical performance combined with metabolites is more sensitive to early screening for mild cognitive impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:951146. [PMID: 35959293 PMCID: PMC9360416 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.951146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Unbiased metabolic profiling has been initiated to identify novel metabolites. However, it remains a challenge to define reliable biomarkers for rapid and accurate diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our study aimed to evaluate the association of serum metabolites with MCI, attempting to find new biomarkers and combination models that are distinct for MCI. Methods A total of 380 participants were recruited (mean age: 72.5 ± 5.19 years). We performed an untargeted metabolomics analysis on older adults who underwent the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and physical performance tests such as hand grip, Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), and walking speed. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and heat map were utilized to distinguish the metabolites that differ between groups. Results Among all the subjects, 47 subjects were diagnosed with MCI, and methods based on the propensity score are used to match the MCI group with the normal control (NC) group (n = 47). The final analytic sample comprised 94 participants (mean age: 75.2 years). The data process from the metabolic profiles identified 1,008 metabolites. A cluster and pathway enrichment analysis showed that sphingolipid metabolism is involved in the development of MCI. Combination of metabolite panel and physical performance were significantly increased discriminating abilities on MCI than a single physical performance test [model 1: the area under the curve (AUC) = 0.863; model 2: AUC = 0.886; and model 3: AUC = 0.870, P < 0.001]. Conclusion In our study, untargeted metabolomics was used to detect the disturbance of metabolism that occurs in MCI. Physical performance tests combined with phosphatidylcholines (PCs) showed good utility in discriminating between NC and MCI, which is meaningful for the early diagnosis of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjiao Zhao
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyu Song
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghu Fang
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fandi Xie
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai Hongkou District, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Guo
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Incontri-Abraham D, Esparza-Salazar FJ, Ibarra A. Copolymer-1 as a potential therapy for mild cognitive impairment. Brain Cogn 2022; 162:105892. [PMID: 35841771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of memory impairment that may precede dementia. MCI is classified by the presence or absence of memory impairment into amnestic or non-amnestic MCI, respectively. More than 90% of patients with amnestic MCI who progress towards dementia meet criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A combination of mechanisms promotes MCI, including intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation, extracellular amyloid deposition, oxidative stress, neuronal loss, synaptodegeneration, cholinergic dysfunction, cerebrovascular disease, and neuroinflammation. However, emerging evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment. Unfortunately, there are currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for MCI. Copolymer-1 (Cop-1), also known as glatiramer acetate, is a synthetic polypeptide of four amino acids approved by the FDA for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Cop-1 therapeutic effect is attributed to immunomodulation, promoting a switch from proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotype. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, it stimulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secretion, a neurotrophin involved in neurogenesis and the generation of hippocampal long-term potentials. Moreover, BDNF levels are significantly decreased in patients with cognitive impairment. Therefore, Cop-1 immunization might promote synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation by increasing BDNF production in patients with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Incontri-Abraham
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Av. Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, CP 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - Felipe J Esparza-Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Av. Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, CP 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Av. Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, CP 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico.
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Zhang ZY, Jiang HR, Sun XR, Wang XC, Niu Q, Meng HX, Du JF, Yang GQ, Zhang H, Tan Y. Monitoring mild cognitive impairment of workers exposed to occupational aluminium based on quantitative susceptibility mapping. Clin Radiol 2022; 77:840-847. [PMID: 35817609 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the diagnostic value of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of aluminium (Al) workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The basic data of 53 workers in an Al factory were collected and divided into the MCI group and normal control (NC) group by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. All participants were tested for plasma Al concentration and had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The QSM values of many areas of the brain were delineated and measured. Independent two-sample t-tests or non-parametric tests were used to compare the parameter values between the two groups. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed between QSM values, MoCA scores, and plasma Al concentration. The receiver operating characteristic curve and z test were performed to assess diagnostic efficacy and the best parameter. RESULTS There was no difference in age and educational level. Plasma Al concentration of the MCI group was higher than that of NC group (p=0.057). QSM values of the left hippocampus, left dentate nucleus, right substantia nigra, and left putamen in MCI group were higher than that of NC group (p<0.05), and the left hippocampus had the best diagnostic efficacy. QSM values correlated negatively with MoCA scores. No correlation was found between QSM values and plasma Al concentration (p>0.05). CONCLUSION QSM might be a neuroimaging marker for the diagnosis of MCI. The left hippocampus showed the best diagnostic efficacy. Plasma Al concentration of the MCI group was higher than that of the NC group. A correlation between QSM and plasma Al concentration was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Zhang
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - H R Jiang
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - X R Sun
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - X C Wang
- Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Q Niu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - H X Meng
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - J F Du
- Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - G Q Yang
- Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Y Tan
- Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
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Choi JY, Lee S, Min JY, Min KB. Asymmetrical Handgrip Strength Is Associated with Lower Cognitive Performance in the Elderly. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2904. [PMID: 35629029 PMCID: PMC9144314 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Several studies have reported that handgrip strength (HGS) may be a sign of lower cognitive performance. However, studies supporting an association between asymmetrical HGS and cognitive function are lacking. This study aimed to determine the association between asymmetrical HGS and cognitive performance among the elderly. (2) Methods: The study sample included 2729 individuals aged ≥60 years-old who participated in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The cognitive tests consisted of the word learning and recall modules from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Animal Fluency Test, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). HGS was measured using a handgrip dynamometer, and asymmetrical HGS was used to calculate HGS. (3) Results: Of the 2729 participants, 53.0% were aged 60 to 69 years-old, and 47.0% were aged 70 years and older. All cognitive performance scores were significantly correlated with asymmetrical HGS in both age groups. After adjusting for confounders, there was a significant association between DSST and HGS asymmetry in both age groups. Contrastingly, a significant association was only observed for the relationship between the CERAD test and HGS asymmetry in the ≥70 year-old group. (4) Conclusions: We found that low cognitive function was associated with asymmetrical HGS in elderly participants in the United States. Thus, asymmetrical HGS may be an important predictor of cognitive deficits. However, further research is required to confirm our results and to establish possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Sohyae Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Bok Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.-Y.C.); (S.L.)
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Cheng L, Dong R, Song C, Li X, Zhang L, Shi M, Lv C, Wang L, Kou J, Xie H, Feng W, Zhao H. Mediation Effects of IL-1β and IL-18 on the Association Between Vitamin D Levels and Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Chinese Older Adults: A Case–Control Study in Taiyuan, China. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:836311. [PMID: 35370605 PMCID: PMC8966426 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.836311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common, chronic, and complex disease in the elderly, which is often influenced by a variety of factors that include nutrition and inflammation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the mediation effects of inflammation on the association between vitamin D levels and MCI. Methods We explored the associations of inflammation and cognitive impairment related to 25(OH)D3 deficiency among 360 older people from the communities in China. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and health status were investigated by questionnaire, cognitive function was detected by MoCA, and plasma 25(OH)D3, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were measured by ELISA. Spearman’s correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship among 25(OH)D3, IL-1β, and IL-18 in the MCI group and the control group and further to analyze the relationship between 25(OH)D3 and inflammatory factors in the MCI group. Finally, mediation analysis was performed to evaluate whether inflammation mediated the effect of 25(OH)D3 deficiency on cognitive impairment. Results There were lower plasma 25(OH)D3 concentration and higher IL-1β and IL-18 levels in the MCI group compared with the controls. The levels of 25(OH)D3 were positively correlated with the MoCA scores and scores of different domains; the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were negatively correlated with them (p < 0.05). In multivariate logistic analysis, there were significant associations among 25(OH)D3, IL-1β, IL-18, and MCI after adjusted. Further analysis revealed the significant association between the subjects with VD deficiency and the highest quartile of IL-18 in MCI (OR = 4.066), not with IL-1β after adjusting the confounding variables in MCI group. Ultimately, mediation analysis suggested that IL-1β and IL-18 could explain 25.4 and 17.5% of effect of the risk of cognitive impairment related to 25(OH)D3 deficiency. Conclusion Our findings suggested that 25(OH)D3 deficiency could increase the risk of cognitive impairment by a mechanism partly involving inflammation. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation may improve or delay the decline in cognitive function caused by inflammation in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruirui Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chenmeng Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Luping Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mengqian Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chenhui Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Kou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haoran Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Haifeng Zhao,
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Streit WJ, Rotter J, Winter K, Müller W, Khoshbouei H, Bechmann I. Droplet Degeneration of Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons Signifies the Beginning of Neuritic Plaque Formation. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1701-1720. [PMID: 34958037 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuritic plaques contain neural and microglial elements, and amyloid-β protein (Aβ), but their pathogenesis remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Elucidate neuritic plaque pathogenesis. METHODS Histochemical visualization of hyperphosphorylated-tau positive (p-tau+) structures, microglia, Aβ, and iron. RESULTS Disintegration of large projection neurons in human hippocampus and neocortex presents as droplet degeneration: pretangle neurons break up into spheres of numerous p-tau+ droplets of various sizes, which marks the beginning of neuritic plaques. These droplet spheres develop in the absence of colocalized Aβ deposits but once formed become encased in diffuse Aβ with great specificity. In contrast, neurofibrillary tangles often do not colocalize with Aβ. Double-labelling for p-tau and microglia showed a lack of microglial activation or phagocytosis of p-tau+ degeneration droplets but revealed massive upregulation of ferritin in microglia suggesting presence of high levels of free iron. Perl's Prussian blue produced positive staining of microglia, droplet spheres, and Aβ plaque cores supporting the suggestion that droplet degeneration of pretangle neurons in the hippocampus and cortex represents ferroptosis, which is accompanied by the release of neuronal iron extracellularly. CONCLUSION Age-related iron accumulation and ferroptosis in the CNS likely trigger at least two endogenous mechanisms of neuroprotective iron sequestration and chelation, microglial ferritin expression and Aβ deposition, respectively, both contributing to the formation of neuritic plaques. Since neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ deposits colocalize infrequently, tangle formation likely does not involve release of neuronal iron extracellularly. In human brain, targeted deposition of Aβ occurs specifically in response to ongoing ferroptotic droplet degeneration thereby producing neuritic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang J Streit
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonas Rotter
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf Müller
- Department of Neuropathology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Blair EM, Zahuranec DB, Forman J, Reale BK, Langa KM, Giordani B, Fagerlin A, Kollman C, Whitney RT, Levine DA. Physician Diagnosis and Knowledge of Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:273-282. [PMID: 34806602 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) receive fewer guideline-concordant treatments for multiple health conditions than those with normal cognition. Reasons for this disparity are unclear. OBJECTIVE To better understand this disparity, we describe physician understanding and experience with patient MCI, particularly physician identification of MCI, ability to distinguish between MCI and dementia, and perspectives on education and training in MCI and dementia. METHODS As part of a mixed-methods study assessing the influence of patient MCI on physician recommendations for acute myocardial infraction and stroke treatments, we conducted a descriptive qualitative study using semi-structured interviews of physicians from three specialties. Key question topics included participants' identification of MCI, impressions of MCI and dementia awareness within their practice specialty, and perspectives on training and education in MCI. RESULTS The study included 22 physicians (8 cardiologists, 7 neurologists, and 7 internists). We identified two primary themes: There is 1) a lack of adequate understanding of the distinction between MCI and dementia; and 2) variation in physician approaches to identifying whether an older adult has MCI. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that physicians have a poor understanding of MCI. Our results suggest that interventions that improve physician knowledge of MCI are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie M Blair
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cognitive Health Services Research Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Darin B Zahuranec
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cognitive Health Services Research Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jane Forman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cognitive Health Services Research Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bailey K Reale
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cognitive Health Services Research Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth M Langa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cognitive Health Services Research Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bruno Giordani
- Department of Psychiatry & Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angela Fagerlin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT and Salt Lake City VA Informatics Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS 2.0) Center for Innovation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Rachael T Whitney
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cognitive Health Services Research Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Deborah A Levine
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cognitive Health Services Research Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Valkova P, Pohanka M. Novel Trends in Electrochemical Biosensors for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Anal Chem 2021; 2021:9984876. [PMID: 34512760 PMCID: PMC8429010 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9984876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder affecting mainly the population over 65 years of age. It is becoming a global health and socioeconomic problem, and the current number of patients reaching 30-50 million people will be three times higher over the next thirty years. OBJECTIVE Late diagnosis caused by decades of the asymptomatic phase and invasive and cost-demanding diagnosis are problems that make the whole situation worse. Electrochemical biosensors could be the right tool for less invasive and inexpensive early diagnosis helping to reduce spend sources- both money and time. METHOD This review is a survey of the latest advances in the design of electrochemical biosensors for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Biosensors are divided according to target biomarkers. CONCLUSION Standard laboratory methodology could be improved by analyzing a combination of currently estimated markers along with neurotransmitters and genetic markers from blood samples, which make the test for AD diagnosis available to the wide public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Valkova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 50011 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 50011 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Balabanski L, Serbezov D, Atanasoska M, Karachanak-Yankova S, Hadjidekova S, Nikolova D, Boyanova O, Staneva R, Vazharova R, Mihailova M, Damyanova V, Nesheva D, Belejanska D, Mehrabian S, Traykov L, Toncheva D. Rare genetic variants prioritize molecular pathways for semaphorin interactions in Alzheimer’s disease patients. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1964382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir Balabanski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Genetic Laboratory, Gynecology and Assisted Reproduction Hospital “Malinov MD”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Serbezov
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Atanasoska
- Genetic Laboratory, Gynecology and Assisted Reproduction Hospital “Malinov MD”, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sena Karachanak-Yankova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Savina Hadjidekova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dragomira Nikolova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Olga Boyanova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rada Staneva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radoslava Vazharova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marta Mihailova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vera Damyanova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Nesheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Belejanska
- Depatment of Neurology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Shima Mehrabian
- Depatment of Neurology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lachezar Traykov
- Depatment of Neurology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Price BR, Johnson LA, Norris CM. Reactive astrocytes: The nexus of pathological and clinical hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101335. [PMID: 33812051 PMCID: PMC8168445 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte reactivity is a hallmark of neuroinflammation that arises with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and nearly every other neurodegenerative condition. While astrocytes certainly contribute to classic inflammatory processes (e.g. cytokine release, waste clearance, and tissue repair), newly emerging technologies for measuring and targeting cell specific activities in the brain have uncovered essential roles for astrocytes in synapse function, brain metabolism, neurovascular coupling, and sleep/wake patterns. In this review, we use a holistic approach to incorporate, and expand upon, classic neuroinflammatory concepts to consider how astrocyte dysfunction/reactivity modulates multiple pathological and clinical hallmarks of AD. Our ever-evolving understanding of astrocyte signaling in neurodegeneration is not only revealing new drug targets and treatments for dementia but is suggesting we reimagine AD pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittani R Price
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40356, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, UK Medical Center MN 150, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Christopher M Norris
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40356, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, UK Medical Center MN 150, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Lavy Y, Dwolatzky T, Kaplan Z, Guez J, Todder D. Mild Cognitive Impairment and Neurofeedback: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:657646. [PMID: 34194315 PMCID: PMC8236892 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.657646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often a precursor of dementia, and in particular of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) which is the most common cause of dementia. Individuals with amnestic MCI are several-fold more likely to develop AD than the general population. Therefore, MCI comprises a well-detectable, early stage time-point for therapeutic intervention and strategic prevention. Based on common electroencephalographical (EEG) pattern changes seen in individuals with MCI, we postulated that EEG-based neurofeedback could help improve the memory performance of patients with MCI. Memory performance is of particular importance in these patients, since memory decline is the most prominent symptom in most patients with MCI, and is the most predictive symptom for cognitive deterioration and the development of AD. Methods: In order to improve the memory performance of patients with MCI we used a system of EEG-based neurofeedback in an attempt to reverse alterations of the EEG that are known to be common in patients with MCI. Our protocol comprised the provision of positive feedback in order to enhance the activity level of the upper alpha band. Participants were divided to two groups receiving either neurofeedback training to enhance the upper alpha frequency (Experimental group) or random feedbacks (Sham group) Results: We witnessed a significant improvement in memory performance in subjects in the experimental group compared to those in the sham group. This improvement was maintained for at least 1 month. Conclusions: Neurofeedback may be a promising and affordable novel approach for treating the decline in memory witnessed in patients with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Lavy
- Ophtalmology Department, Soroka Medical Centre, Beersheba, Israel.,Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Ministry of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tzvi Dwolatzky
- Geriatric Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zeev Kaplan
- Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Ministry of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jonathan Guez
- Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Ministry of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Department of Psychology, Achva Academic College, Beer-Tuvia, Israel
| | - Doron Todder
- Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Ministry of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Mohammadnejad A, Li W, Lund JB, Li S, Larsen MJ, Mengel-From J, Michel TM, Christiansen L, Christensen K, Hjelmborg J, Baumbach J, Tan Q. Global Gene Expression Profiling and Transcription Factor Network Analysis of Cognitive Aging in Monozygotic Twins. Front Genet 2021; 12:675587. [PMID: 34194475 PMCID: PMC8236849 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.675587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive aging is one of the major problems worldwide, especially as people get older. This study aimed to perform global gene expression profiling of cognitive function to identify associated genes and pathways and a novel transcriptional regulatory network analysis to identify important regulons. We performed single transcript analysis on 400 monozygotic twins using an assumption-free generalized correlation coefficient (GCC), linear mixed-effect model (LME) and kinship model and identified six probes (one significant at the standard FDR < 0.05 while the other results were suggestive with 0.18 ≤ FDR ≤ 0.28). We combined the GCC and linear model results to cover diverse patterns of relationships, and meaningful and novel genes like APOBEC3G, H6PD, SLC45A1, GRIN3B, and PDE4D were detected. Our exploratory study showed the downregulation of all these genes with increasing cognitive function or vice versa except the SLC45A1 gene, which was upregulated with increasing cognitive function. Linear models found only H6PD and SLC45A1, the other genes were captured by GCC. Significant functional pathways (FDR < 3.95e-10) such as focal adhesion, ribosome, cysteine and methionine metabolism, Huntington's disease, eukaryotic translation elongation, nervous system development, influenza infection, metabolism of RNA, and cell cycle were identified. A total of five regulons (FDR< 1.3e-4) were enriched in a transcriptional regulatory analysis in which CTCF and REST were activated and SP3, SRF, and XBP1 were repressed regulons. The genome-wide transcription analysis using both assumption-free GCC and linear models identified important genes and biological pathways implicated in cognitive performance, cognitive aging, and neurological diseases. Also, the regulatory network analysis revealed significant activated and repressed regulons on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Mohammadnejad
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Weilong Li
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Beltoft Lund
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Digital Health & Machine Learning Research Group, Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shuxia Li
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin J Larsen
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tanja Maria Michel
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Psychiatry in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hjelmborg
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Computational Biomedicine, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Chair of Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Experimental research of cerebroprotective activity of the new 4-aminobutatanoic acid derivative. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim. To study the cerebroprotective activity of a new derivative of 4-aminobutanoic acid the compound KGM-5 on the effect on survival and behavioural responses, cognitive impairment and neurological deficits in rats with acute cerebrovascular accident.
Materials and methods. Acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) was simulated in rats by irreversible unilateral carotid occlusion (UCO) under anesthesia with sodium thiopental (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, IP). Five groups of animals were used: intact control (IC, n=6), a group of animals with ACVA, which were not treated (control pathology, CP, n=13); group of animals with ACVA, which were treated for 5 days after surgery (first injection 30 min before surgery) with the compound KGM-5 (ACVA+KGM-5, n=14) at a conditionally effective dose of 30 mg/kg body weight of animals, a group of animals with ACVA (ACVA+CD “Picamilon”, n=13), who received IP for 5 days, the comparison drug (CD) “Picamilon” at a dose of 17 mg/kg and pseudo-operated animals (POA), n=8), which were operated without ligation of the carotid artery, which allows to level the effect of anesthesia and surgery on the studied indicators. The cerebroprotective effect of the studied agents was assessed by an integral criterion – survival of animals (throughout the experiment), indicators of neurological deficit (24, 48, 72, 94 hours after ACVA modelling), the state of cognitive functions in the test of extrapolation escape test (EET) (72 hours after ACVA modelling)
Results. The KGM-5 compound contributed to a significant reduction in the severity of neurological deficit, as evidenced by significant differences in this indicator compared with CP, respectively, the first (0.5 points vs. 1.25 points, p<0.05), the third (0.0 points against 1.0 point, p<0.05) and the fourth day (0.0 points vs. 0.5 points, p<0.05) after OCO. Under the influence of CD “Picamilon” reduction of neurological deficit compared with CP was observed on the first, third and fourth days, but these differences were insignificant (p>0.05). Both studied agents - the compound KGM-5 and CD “Picamilon” contributed to the improvement of cognitive functions of rats with ACVA, as evidenced by a significant reduction (p<0.05) of the latent period of diving in the EET, respectively, 1.8 and 1.7 times compared with CP and did not show a significant effect on animal survival.
Conclusion. The cerebroprotective activity of a new 4-aminobutanoic acid derivative in the conditions of acute cerebrovascular accident in rats was established in terms of the ability to reduce the severity of neurological deficits and improve cognitive functions in the extrapolation escape test. The severity of cerebroprotective activity of the new compound is not inferior to GABA-ergic drug “Picamilon”.
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Rosas HD, Lewis LR, Mercaldo ND, Nasr S, Brickman AM, Siless V, Yassa M, Sathishkumar M, Lott I, Schupf N, Silverman W, Lai F. Altered connectivity of the default mode network in cognitively stable adults with Down syndrome: "Accelerated aging" or a prelude to Alzheimer's disease? ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12105. [PMID: 34027014 PMCID: PMC8136300 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have the neuropathological changes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by age 40 and will have developed dementia by age 60. Alterations of the intrinsic connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) are associated with AD in the neurotypical population. In this study, we sought to determine whether, and how, connectivity between the hubs of the DMN were altered in cognitively stable adults with DS who did not have evidence of either mild cognitive impairment or AD. METHODS Resting state functional MRI scans were collected from 26 healthy adults with DS and 26 healthy age-matched non-DS controls. Nodes comprising the DMN were generated as ROI's (regions of interest) and inter-nodal correlations estimated. RESULTS Analysis of intra-network connectivity of the DMN revealed anterior-posterior DMN dissociation and hyper- and hypo-connectivity, suggesting "accelerated aging" in DS. DISCUSSION Disruption of the DMN may serve as a prelude for AD in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Diana Rosas
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyAthinoula Martinos CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lydia R. Lewis
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyAthinoula Martinos CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nathaniel D. Mercaldo
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Shahin Nasr
- Department of RadiologyAthinoula Martinos CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- G. H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyMailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Viviana Siless
- Department of RadiologyAthinoula Martinos CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Michael Yassa
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory and Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mithra Sathishkumar
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory and Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ira Lott
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsIrvine Medical CenterUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole Schupf
- G. H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyMailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Wayne Silverman
- Department of PediatricsIrvine Medical CenterUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Florence Lai
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Turchetta CS, De Simone MS, Perri R, Fadda L, Caruso G, De Tollis M, Caltagirone C, Carlesimo GA. Forgetting Rates on the Recency Portion of a Word List Predict Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 73:1295-1304. [PMID: 31903988 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment has a greater risk of progressing to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Consistent with AD patients' distinctive deficit in consolidating new memory traces, in a recent study we demonstrated that the forgetting rate on the recency portion of a word list differentiates AD from other forms of dementia. In line with this finding, the aim of this study was to investigate whether increased recency forgetting could be a reliable index for predicting amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients' conversion to AD. For this purpose, we compared accuracy in immediate and delayed recall from different portions of a word list in a group of patients with amnestic MCI who converted (C-MCI) or did not convert (S-MCI) to AD during a three-year follow-up period and in a group of normal controls. The results of the present study show that the forgetting from the recency portion of the list (operationalized as a ratio between immediate and delayed recall) was significantly larger in C-MCI than in S-MCI patients. Consistently, the hierarchical logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the recency ratio is a strong predictor of group membership. Similar to what occurs in full-blown AD patients, the results of our study suggest that the increased forgetting rate from the recency portion of the list in C-MCI patients is due to severely reduced efficiency in converting transitory short-term memory representations into stable long-term memory traces. This is consistent with prominent involvement of neuropathological changes in the cortical areas of the medial-temporal lobes and suggests that the recency ratio is a cognitive marker able to identify MCI patients who have a greater likelihood of progressing to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Stella Turchetta
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,University "Tor Vergata", Department of Systems Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Perri
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Fadda
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,University "Tor Vergata", Department of Systems Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Caruso
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,University "Tor Vergata", Department of Systems Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo De Tollis
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,University "Tor Vergata", Department of Systems Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,University "Tor Vergata", Department of Systems Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,University "Tor Vergata", Department of Systems Medicine, Rome, Italy
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Li Y, Cong L, Hou T, Chang L, Zhang C, Tang S, Han X, Wang Y, Wang X, Kalpouzos G, Du Y, Qiu C. Characterizing Global and Regional Brain Structures in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Rural Residents: A Population-Based Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1429-1438. [PMID: 33682713 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans may provide reliable neuroimaging markers for defining amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Objective: We sought to characterize global and regional brain structures of aMCI among rural-dwelling older adults with limited education in China. Methods: This population-based study included 180 participants (aged≥65 years, 42 with aMCI and 138 normal controls) in the Shandong Yanggu Study of Aging and Dementia during 2014–2016. We defined aMCI following the Petersen’s criteria. Global and regional brain volumes were automatically segmented on MRI scans and compared using a region-of-interest approach. Data were analyzed using general linear regression models. Results: Multi-adjusted β-coefficient (95% confidence interval) of brain volumes (cm3) associated with aMCI was –12.07 (–21.49, –2.64) for global grey matter (GM), –18.31 (–28.45, –8.17) for global white matter (WM), 28.17 (12.83, 44.07) for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and 2.20 (0.24, 4.16) for white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Furthermore, aMCI was significantly associated with lower GM volumes in bilateral superior temporal gyri, thalamus and right cuneus, and lower WM volumes in lateral areas extending from the frontal to the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, as well as right hippocampus (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Brain structure of older adults with aMCI is characterized by reduced global GM and WM volumes, enlarged CSF volume, increased WMH burden, reduced GM volumes in bilateral superior temporal gyri, thalamus, and right cuneus, and widespread reductions of lateral WM volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjing Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Liguo Chang
- Liaocheng Third People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Chuanchen Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Department of Medical Imaging, Liaocheng Brain Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Grégoria Kalpouzos
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li M, Li Y, Zuo L, Hu W, Jiang T. Increase of blood-brain barrier leakage is related to cognitive decline in vascular mild cognitive impairment. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:159. [PMID: 33858381 PMCID: PMC8048027 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, as an early biomarker for vascular mild cognitive impairment (vMCI), has only been validated by a few studies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether compromised BBB integrity is involved in vMCI patients, and detect the relationship between BBB breakdown and cognitive function. BBB leakage in vMCI was explored, and the relationship between BBB leakage and cognitive function was discussed in this study. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study involving 26 vMCI patients and 21 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Dynamic contrast-enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging was performed for all participants, to determine BBB leakage. Leakage volume, leakage rate, and fractional blood plasma volume (Vp) in the grey and white matter were evaluated. Neuropsychological tests were used to determine cognitive function. Leakage rate, leakage volume, and Vp in different brain locations, including deep grey matter, cortical grey matter, white matter hyperintensity, and normal-appearing white matter were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that in all regions of interest, the leakage rate was significantly higher in vMCI patients relative to controls. Leakage volume in normal-appearing white matter and white matter hyperintensity were significantly higher, while Vp in normal-appearing white matter, deep grey matter, and cortical grey matter were significantly lower in vMCI patients. Moreover, Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores decreased with the increase of leakage rate in white matter hyperintensity. CONCLUSION Increased BBB permeability was detected in vMCI patients and was related to cognitive decline, which suggested that BBB breakdown might be involved in cognitive dysfunction pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Radiology Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, South Gongti Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, P.R. China.
| | - Yue Li
- Neurology Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, South Gongti Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Long Zuo
- Radiology Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, South Gongti Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Hu
- Neurology Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, South Gongti Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Radiology Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, South Gongti Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, P.R. China
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48
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Dong L, Zheng Z, Zhong D, Long X, Cai Q, Jian W, Zhang S, Wu W, Yao D. Effects of Morning Blue-Green 500 nm Light Therapy on Cognition and Biomarkers in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1521-1536. [PMID: 33843675 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that there is no specific drug to treat Alzheimer's disease, non-pharmacologic interventions in people with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are one of the most important treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE To clarify the efficacy of blue-green (500 nm) light therapy on sleep, mood, and physiological parameters in patients with SCD and aMCI is an interesting avenue to explore. METHODS This is a monocentric, randomized, and controlled trial that will last for 4 weeks. We will recruit 150 individuals aged 45 years or older from memory clinics and divide them into 5 groups: SCD treatment (n = 30), SCD control (n = 30), aMCI treatment (n = 30), aMCI control (n = 30), and a group of healthy adult subjects (n = 30) as a normal control (NC). RESULTS The primary outcome is the change in subjective and objective cognitive performance between baseline and postintervention visits (4 weeks after baseline). Secondary outcomes include changes in performance assessing from baseline, postintervention to follow-up (3 months after the intervention), as well as sleep, mood, and physiological parameters (including blood, urine, electrophysiology, and neuroimaging biomarkers). CONCLUSION This study aims to provide evidence of the impact of light therapy on subjective and objective cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults with SCD or aMCI. In addition, we will identify possible neurophysiological mechanisms of action underlying light therapy. Overall, this trial will contribute to the establishment of light therapy in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Memory Clinic of department of Neurology, Chengdu Western Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yige Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Dong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Institute for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihao Zheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dayong Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Revolutionary Disabled Soldiers Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xunqin Long
- The Memory Clinic of department of Neurology, Chengdu Western Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyan Cai
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jian
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Songge Zhang
- The Memory Clinic of department of Neurology, Chengdu Western Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Sichuan Institute for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chengdu, China
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Exercise alters the mitochondrial proteostasis and induces the mitonuclear imbalance and UPR mt in the hypothalamus of mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3813. [PMID: 33589652 PMCID: PMC7884690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of mitochondrial activity in hypothalamic neurons is determinant to the control of energy homeostasis in mammals. Disturbs in the mitochondrial proteostasis can trigger the mitonuclear imbalance and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) to guarantee the mitochondrial integrity and function. However, the role of mitonuclear imbalance and UPRmt in hypothalamic cells are unclear. Combining the transcriptomic analyses from BXD mice database and in vivo experiments, we demonstrated that physical training alters the mitochondrial proteostasis in the hypothalamus of C57BL/6J mice. This physical training elicited the mitonuclear protein imbalance, increasing the mtCO-1/Atp5a ratio, which was accompanied by high levels of UPRmt markers in the hypothalamus. Also, physical training increased the maximum mitochondrial respiratory capacity in the brain. Interestingly, the transcriptomic analysis across several strains of the isogenic BXD mice revealed that hypothalamic mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes were negatively correlated with body weight and several genes related to the orexigenic response. As expected, physical training reduced body weight and food intake. Interestingly, we found an abundance of mt-CO1, a mitochondrial DNA-encoded protein, in NPY-producing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus nucleus of exercised mice. Collectively, our data demonstrated that physical training altered the mitochondrial proteostasis and induced the mitonuclear protein imbalance and UPRmt in hypothalamic cells.
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Tondo G, Boccalini C, Caminiti SP, Presotto L, Filippi M, Magnani G, Frisoni GB, Iannaccone S, Perani D. Brain Metabolism and Microglia Activation in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Combined [18F]FDG and [11C]-(R)-PK11195 PET Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:433-445. [PMID: 33579848 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional condition between normal cognition and dementia. [18F]FDG-PET reveals brain hypometabolism patterns reflecting neuronal/synaptic dysfunction, already in the prodromal MCI phase. Activated microglia is part of the pathogenetic processes leading to neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVE Using [11C]-(R)-PK11195 and [18F]FDG-PET, we aimed to in vivo investigate the presence of microglial activation, and the relationship with brain glucose metabolism, in single MCI subjects. METHODS Eight MCI subjects underwent both [18F]FDG-PET and [11C]-(R)-PK11195 PET. We used validated quantification methods to obtain brain hypometabolism maps and microglia activation peaks in single subjects. We investigated both the spatial overlap and the relationship between brain glucose hypometabolism and microglia activation, by means of Dice similarity coefficient and using Pearson's correlation at single subject level. RESULTS Each MCI showed a specific brain hypometabolism pattern indicative of different possible etiologies, as expected in MCI population (i.e., Alzheimer's disease-like, frontotemporal dementia-like, hippocampal-type, normal aging type). [11C]-(R)-PK11195 PET analysis revealed a spatial concordance with regional hypometabolism in all subjects with several clusters of significant microglia activation showing an inverse correlation with the regional metabolism. This was proportional to the strength of between-signals correlation coefficient (β = -0.804; p = 0.016). CONCLUSION Microglia activation is present in the prodromal MCI phase of different underlying etiologies, showing spatial concordance and inverse correlation with brain glucose metabolism at single-subject level. These findings suggest a possible contribution of activated microglia to neurodegeneration, showing important implications for local immune activity in the early neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Tondo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,In vivo human molecular and structural neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Boccalini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,In vivo human molecular and structural neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Paola Caminiti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,In vivo human molecular and structural neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Presotto
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology and INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Magnani
- Department of Neurology and INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Frisoni
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Memory Clinic and LANVIE- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Iannaccone
- Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Perani
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,In vivo human molecular and structural neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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