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Shadrina M, Kalay Ö, Demirkaya-Budak S, LeDuc CA, Chung WK, Turgut D, Budak G, Arslan E, Semenyuk V, Davis-Dusenbery B, Seidman CE, Yost HJ, Jain A, Gelb BD. Automated Identification of Germline de novo Mutations in Family Trios: A Consensus-Based Informatic Approach. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584100. [PMID: 38559260 PMCID: PMC10979888 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Accurate identification of germline de novo variants (DNVs) remains a challenging problem despite rapid advances in sequencing technologies as well as methods for the analysis of the data they generate, with putative solutions often involving ad hoc filters and visual inspection of identified variants. Here, we present a purely informatic method for the identification of DNVs by analyzing short-read genome sequencing data from proband-parent trios. Our method evaluates variant calls generated by three genome sequence analysis pipelines utilizing different algorithms-GATK HaplotypeCaller, DeepTrio and Velsera GRAF-exploring the assumption that a requirement of consensus can serve as an effective filter for high-quality DNVs. We assessed the efficacy of our method by testing DNVs identified using a previously established, highly accurate classification procedure that partially relied on manual inspection and used Sanger sequencing to validate a DNV subset comprising less confident calls. The results show that our method is highly precise and that applying a force-calling procedure to putative variants further removes false-positive calls, increasing precision of the workflow to 99.6%. Our method also identified novel DNVs, 87% of which were validated, indicating it offers a higher recall rate without compromising accuracy. We have implemented this method as an automated bioinformatics workflow suitable for large-scale analyses without need for manual intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Shadrina
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and the Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Özem Kalay
- Velsera Inc, 529 Main St, Suite 6610, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Charles A. LeDuc
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deniz Turgut
- Velsera Inc, 529 Main St, Suite 6610, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Gungor Budak
- Velsera Inc, 529 Main St, Suite 6610, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Elif Arslan
- Velsera Inc, 529 Main St, Suite 6610, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Christine E. Seidman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - H. Joseph Yost
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amit Jain
- Velsera Inc, 529 Main St, Suite 6610, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and the Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Marchesi VT. Impaired electrical activity of the brain explains the onset of dementia in aging people. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23249. [PMID: 37823210 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301255rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Aging brains that share many cognitive deficits with the early stages of Alzheimer's-type dementias are not caused by toxic protein deposits but by somatic mutations that impair synaptic signaling. These mutant proteins that contribute to neuronal action potentials could be biomarkers of functional defects that offer new approaches to diagnosis and treatment.
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Bayraktar E, Çiftçi V, Uysal H, Başak AN. Another de novo mutation in the SOD1 gene: the first Turkish patient with SOD1-His47Arg, a case report. Front Genet 2023; 14:1208673. [PMID: 37693322 PMCID: PMC10485270 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1208673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, progressive neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons. Most ALS cases are considered sporadic due to the presence of a combination of environmental and complex genetic risk factors, while approximately 10% of cases have a family history. Pathogenic variants in the SOD1 gene are the second most frequent causative factor of genetics-based ALS worldwide, after C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion. The De novo occurrence of pathogenic mutations in ALS-associated genes and its effect on disease progression have been studied previously, especially in the FUS gene. Recent studies have shown that a very small portion of SOD1 cases occurred de novo. Here, we present the first de novo case of the SOD1 His47Arg mutation in a young female patient with mild symptoms and, currently, a slow progression for 7 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bayraktar
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Vildan Çiftçi
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Hilmi Uysal
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - A. Nazlı Başak
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Grangeon L, Charbonnier C, Zarea A, Rousseau S, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Bendetowicz D, Lemaitre M, Malrain C, Quillard-Muraine M, Cassinari K, Maltete D, Pariente J, Moreaud O, Magnin E, Cretin B, Mackowiak MA, Sillaire AR, Vercelletto M, Dionet E, Felician O, Rod-Olivieri P, Thomas-Antérion C, Godeneche G, Sauvée M, Cartz-Piver L, Le Ber I, Chauvire V, Jonveaux T, Balageas AC, Laquerriere A, Duyckaerts C, Vital A, de Paula AM, Meyronet D, Guyant-Marechal L, Hannequin D, Tournier-Lasserve E, Campion D, Nicolas G, Wallon D. Phenotype and imaging features associated with APP duplications. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:93. [PMID: 37170141 PMCID: PMC10173644 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND APP duplication is a rare genetic cause of Alzheimer disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We aimed to evaluate the phenotypes of APP duplications carriers. METHODS Clinical, radiological, and neuropathological features of 43 APP duplication carriers from 24 French families were retrospectively analyzed, and MRI features and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were compared to 40 APP-negative CAA controls. RESULTS Major neurocognitive disorders were found in 90.2% symptomatic APP duplication carriers, with prominent behavioral impairment in 9.7%. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages were reported in 29.2% and seizures in 51.2%. CSF Aβ42 levels were abnormal in 18/19 patients and 14/19 patients fulfilled MRI radiological criteria for CAA, while only 5 displayed no hemorrhagic features. We found no correlation between CAA radiological signs and duplication size. Compared to CAA controls, APP duplication carriers showed less disseminated cortical superficial siderosis (0% vs 37.5%, p = 0.004 adjusted for the delay between symptoms onset and MRI). Deep microbleeds were found in two APP duplication carriers. In addition to neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, CAA was diffuse and severe with thickening of leptomeningeal vessels in all 9 autopsies. Lewy bodies were found in substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, and cortical structures of 2/9 patients, and one presented vascular amyloid deposits in basal ganglia. DISCUSSION Phenotypes associated with APP duplications were heterogeneous with different clinical presentations including dementia, hemorrhage, and seizure and different radiological presentations, even within families. No apparent correlation with duplication size was found. Amyloid burden was severe and widely extended to cerebral vessels as suggested by hemorrhagic features on MRI and neuropathological data, making APP duplication an interesting model of CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Grangeon
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France.
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Cedex, 76031, France.
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Aline Zarea
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Stephane Rousseau
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - David Bendetowicz
- Neurology Department, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS and APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière APHP, Paris, France
| | - Marion Lemaitre
- Geriatric department, Seclin-Carvin Hospital, Seclin, France
| | - Cécile Malrain
- Department of Neurology, Rennes Hospital, Rennes, France
| | | | - Kevin Cassinari
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - David Maltete
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jeremie Pariente
- Neurology Department, Toulouse University Hospital and Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC) INSERM-Univeristy of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Moreaud
- Department of Neurology, Grenoble Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Eloi Magnin
- Department of Neurology, Besancon Hospital, Besancon, France
| | - Benjamin Cretin
- Department of Neurology, Hautepierre Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | - Elsa Dionet
- Department of Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Felician
- APHM, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Gaelle Godeneche
- Department of Neurology, La Rochelle Hospital, La Rochelle, France
| | - Mathilde Sauvée
- Department of Neurology, Grenoble Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Leslie Cartz-Piver
- Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche (CMRR), Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Neurology Department, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS and APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière APHP, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Chauvire
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Therèse Jonveaux
- Department of Neurology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | | | - Annie Laquerriere
- Department of Neuropathology, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Sorbonne Unviersité, INSERM, CNRS U1127, ICM and Laboratoire de Neuropathologie R. Escourolle, Hospital Pitie-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anne Vital
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - David Meyronet
- Department of Pathology, Hopital Civil University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Lucie Guyant-Marechal
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Service de Génétique Moléculaire Neurovasculaire, INSERM UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - David Wallon
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Univ Rouen Normandie, U1245 and CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
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Bruno F, Laganà V, Di Lorenzo R, Bruni AC, Maletta R. Calabria as a Genetic Isolate: A Model for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092288. [PMID: 36140389 PMCID: PMC9496333 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although originally multi-ethnic in its structure, nowadays the Calabria region of southern Italy represents an area with low genetic heterogeneity and a high level of consanguinity that allows rare mutations to be maintained due to the founder effect. A complex research methodology—ranging from clinical activity to the genealogical reconstruction of families/populations across the centuries, the creation of databases, and molecular/genetic research—was modelled on the characteristics of the Calabrian population for more than three decades. This methodology allowed the identification of several novel genetic mutations or variants associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, a higher prevalence of several hereditary neurodegenerative diseases has been reported in this population, such as Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Niemann–Pick type C disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, and Gerstmann–Straussler–Scheinker disease. Here, we summarize and discuss the results of research data supporting the view that Calabria could be considered as a genetic isolate and could represent a model, a sort of outdoor laboratory—similar to very few places in the world—useful for the advancement of knowledge on neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Valentina Laganà
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | - Amalia C. Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Raffaele Maletta
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
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Kohailan M, Aamer W, Syed N, Padmajeya S, Hussein S, Sayed A, Janardhanan J, Palaniswamy S, El Hajj N, Al-Shabeeb Akil A, Fakhro KA. Patterns and distribution of de novo mutations in multiplex Middle Eastern families. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:579-588. [PMID: 35718832 PMCID: PMC9510050 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
While de novo mutations (DNMs) are key to genetic diversity, they are also responsible for a high number of rare disorders. To date, no study has systematically examined the rate and distribution of DNMs in multiplex families in highly consanguineous populations. Leveraging WGS profiles of 645 individuals in 146 families, we implemented a combinatorial approach using 3 complementary tools for DNM discovery in 353 unique trio combinations. We found a total of 27,168 DNMs (median: 70 single-nucleotide and 6 insertion-deletions per individual). Phasing revealed around 80% of DNMs were paternal in origin. Notably, using whole-genome methylation data of spermatogonial stem cells, these DNMs were significantly more likely to occur at highly methylated CpGs (OR: 2.03; p value = 6.62 × 10−11). We then examined the effects of consanguinity and ethnicity on DNMs, and found that consanguinity does not seem to correlate with DNM rate, and special attention has to be considered while measuring such a correlation. Additionally, we found that Middle-Eastern families with Arab ancestry had fewer DNMs than African families, although not significant (p value = 0.16). Finally, for families with diseased probands, we examined the difference in DNM counts and putative impact across affected and unaffected siblings, but did not find significant differences between disease groups, likely owing to the enrichment for recessive disorders in this part of the world, or the small sample size per clinical condition. This study serves as a reference for DNM discovery in multiplex families from the globally under-represented populations of the Middle-East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kohailan
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Waleed Aamer
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Najeeb Syed
- Biomedical Informatics Division, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sujitha Padmajeya
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sura Hussein
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amira Sayed
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jyothi Janardhanan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Nady El Hajj
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Khalid A Fakhro
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar. .,Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar. .,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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Lin X, Yang Y, Melton PE, Singh V, Simpson-Yap S, Burdon KP, Taylor BV, Zhou Y. Integrating Genetic Structural Variations and Whole-Genome Sequencing Into Clinical Neurology. Neurol Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genome sequencing technologies have unlocked new possibilities in identifying disease-associated and causative genetic markers, which may in turn enhance disease diagnosis and improve prognostication and management strategies. With the capability of examining genetic variations ranging from single-nucleotide mutations to large structural variants, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is an increasingly adopted approach to dissect the complex genetic architecture of neurologic diseases. There is emerging evidence for different structural variants and their roles in major neurologic and neurodevelopmental diseases. This review first describes different structural variants and their implicated roles in major neurologic and neurodevelopmental diseases, and then discusses the clinical relevance of WGS applications in neurology. Notably, WGS-based detection of structural variants has shown promising potential in enhancing diagnostic power of genetic tests in clinical settings. Ongoing WGS-based research in structural variations and quantifying mutational constraints can also yield clinical benefits by improving variant interpretation and disease diagnosis, while supporting biomarker discovery and therapeutic development. As a result, wider integration of WGS technologies into health care will likely increase diagnostic yields in difficult-to-diagnose conditions and define potential therapeutic targets or intervention points for genome-editing strategies.
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Nicolas G, Sévigny M, Lecoquierre F, Marguet F, Deschênes A, del Pelaez MC, Feuillette S, Audebrand A, Lecourtois M, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Cassinari K, Deramecourt V, Duyckaerts C, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Meyer V, Clarimon Echavarria J, Gelpi E, Akiyama H, Hasegawa M, Kawakami I, Wong TH, Van Rooij JGJ, Van Swieten JC, Campion D, Dutchak PA, Wallon D, Lavoie-Cardinal F, Laquerrière A, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Sephton CF. A postzygotic de novo NCDN mutation identified in a sporadic FTLD patient results in neurochondrin haploinsufficiency and altered FUS granule dynamics. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:20. [PMID: 35151370 PMCID: PMC8841087 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous clinical disorder characterized by progressive abnormalities in behavior, executive functions, personality, language and/or motricity. A neuropathological subtype of FTD, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-FET, is characterized by protein aggregates consisting of the RNA-binding protein fused in sarcoma (FUS). The cause of FTLD-FET is not well understood and there is a lack of genetic evidence to aid in the investigation of mechanisms of the disease. The goal of this study was to identify genetic variants contributing to FTLD-FET and to investigate their effects on FUS pathology. We performed whole-exome sequencing on a 50-year-old FTLD patient with ubiquitin and FUS-positive neuronal inclusions and unaffected parents, and identified a de novo postzygotic nonsense variant in the NCDN gene encoding Neurochondrin (NCDN), NM_014284.3:c.1206G > A, p.(Trp402*). The variant was associated with a ~ 31% reduction in full-length protein levels in the patient’s brain, suggesting that this mutation leads to NCDN haploinsufficiency. We examined the effects of NCDN haploinsufficiency on FUS and found that depleting primary cortical neurons of NCDN causes a reduction in the total number of FUS-positive cytoplasmic granules. Moreover, we found that these granules were significantly larger and more highly enriched with FUS. We then examined the effects of a loss of FUS function on NCDN in neurons and found that depleting cells of FUS leads to a decrease in NCDN protein and mRNA levels. Our study identifies the NCDN protein as a likely contributor of FTLD-FET pathophysiology. Moreover, we provide evidence for a negative feedback loop of toxicity between NCDN and FUS, where loss of NCDN alters FUS cytoplasmic dynamics, which in turn has an impact on NCDN expression.
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Müller K, Oh KW, Nordin A, Panthi S, Kim SH, Nordin F, Freischmidt A, Ludolph AC, Ki CS, Forsberg K, Weishaupt J, Kim YE, Andersen PM. De novo mutations in SOD1 are a cause of ALS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:201-206. [PMID: 34518333 PMCID: PMC8784989 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-327520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The only identified cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are mutations in a number of genes found in familial cases but also in sporadic cases. De novo mutations occurring in a parental gonadal cell, in the zygote or postzygotic during embryonal development can result in an apparently sporadic/isolated case of ALS later in life. We searched for de novo mutations in SOD1 as a cause of ALS. METHODS We analysed peripheral-blood exome, genome and Sanger sequencing to identify deleterious mutations in SOD1 in 4000 ALS patients from Germany, South Korea and Sweden. Parental kinship was confirmed using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers across the genome. Medical genealogical and clinical data were reviewed and compared with the literature. RESULTS We identified four sporadic ALS cases with de novo mutations in SOD1. They aggregate in hot-spot codons earlier found mutated in familial cases. Their phenotypes match closely what has earlier been reported in familial cases with pathogenic mutations in SOD1. We also encountered familial cases where de novo mutational events in recent generations may have been involved. CONCLUSIONS De novo mutations are a cause of sporadic ALS and may also be underpinning smaller families with few affected ALS cases. It was not possible to ascertain if the origin of the de novo mutations was parental germline, zygotic or postzygotic during embryonal development. All ALS patients should be offered genetic counselling and genetic screening, the challenges of variant interpretation do not outweigh the potential benefits including earlier confirmed diagnosis and possible bespoken therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ki-Wook Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cell Therapy Center, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Angelica Nordin
- Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sudhan Panthi
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cell Therapy Center, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Frida Nordin
- Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Chang Seok Ki
- Genome Research Centre, GC Genome, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Karin Forsberg
- Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jochen Weishaupt
- Department for Neurodegeneration, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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A de novo truncating variant in CSDE1 in an adult-onset neuropsychiatric phenotype without intellectual disability. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104423. [PMID: 35026469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Variants in CSDE1, a gene encoding a constrained RNA-binding protein, have recently been associated with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental conditions encompassing autism, seizures and ocular abnormalities. According to previously reported individuals, pathogenic variants in CSDE1 are typically associated with developmental delay and intellectual disability. Here, we report one individual with normal neurodevelopment and adult-onset neuropsychiatric features (i.e., acute psychosis) due to the novel de novo truncating variant c.2272C > T, p.(Gln758*) in CSDE1 (NM_001242891.1). Neuropsychological assessment confirmed deficits regarding verbal fluency, semantic memory, executive function and processing speed. Overall, our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of CSDE1-related disorder towards the mild end.
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Carey AZ, Blue NR, Varner MW, Page JM, Chaiyakunapruk N, Quinlan AR, Branch DW, Silver RM, Workalemahu T. A Systematic Review to Guide Future Efforts in the Determination of Genetic Causes of Pregnancy Loss. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2021; 3. [PMID: 35462723 PMCID: PMC9031276 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.770517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy loss is the most common obstetric complication occurring in almost 30% of conceptions overall and in 12–14% of clinically recognized pregnancies. Pregnancy loss has strong genetic underpinnings, and despite this consensus, our understanding of its genetic causes remains limited. We conducted a systematic review of genetic factors in pregnancy loss to identify strategies to guide future research.Methods: To synthesize data from population-based association studies on genetics of pregnancy loss, we searched PubMed for relevant articles published between 01/01/2000-01/01/2020. We excluded review articles, case studies, studies with limited sample sizes to detect associations (N < 4), descriptive studies, commentaries, and studies with non-genetic etiologies. Studies were classified based on developmental periods in gestation to synthesize data across various developmental epochs.Results: Our search yielded 580 potential titles with 107 (18%) eligible after title/abstract review. Of these, 54 (50%) were selected for systematic review after full-text review. These studies examined either early pregnancy loss (n = 9 [17%]), pregnancy loss >20 weeks' gestation (n = 10 [18%]), recurrent pregnancy loss (n = 32 [59%]), unclassified pregnancy loss (n = 3 [4%]) as their primary outcomes. Multiple genetic pathways that are essential for embryonic/fetal survival as well as human development were identified.Conclusion: Several genetic pathways may play a role in pregnancy loss across developmental periods in gestation. Systematic evaluation of pregnancy loss across developmental epochs, utilizing whole genome sequencing in families may further elucidate causal genetic mechanisms and identify other pathways critical for embryonic/fetal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z. Carey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Nathan R. Blue
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Michael W. Varner
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jessica M. Page
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Aaron R. Quinlan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - D. Ware Branch
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Robert M. Silver
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Tsegaselassie Workalemahu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Tsegaselassie Workalemahu
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Sun L, Zhang J, Su N, Zhang S, Yan F, Lin X, Yu J, Li W, Li X, Xiao S. Analysis of Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Patients With Degenerative Dementia Through the Whole Exome Sequencing. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:745407. [PMID: 34720994 PMCID: PMC8551445 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.745407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sporadic dementias generally occur in older age and are highly polygenic, which indicates some patients transmitted in a poly-genes hereditary fashion. Objective: Our study aimed to analyze the correlations of genetic features with clinical symptoms in patients with degenerative dementia. Methods: We recruited a group of 84 dementia patients and conducted the whole exome sequencing (WES). The data were analyzed focusing on 153 dementia-related causing and susceptible genes. Results: According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) standards and guidelines, we identified four reported pathogenic variants, namely, PSEN1 c.A344G, APP c.G2149A, MAPT c.G1165A, and MAPT c.G742A, one reported likely pathogenic variant, namely, PSEN2 c.G100A, one novel pathogenic variants, SQSTM1 c.C671A, and three novel likely pathogenic variants, namely, ABCA7 c.C4690T, ATP13A2 c.3135delC, and NOS3 c.2897-2A > G. 21 variants with uncertain significance in PSEN2, C9orf72, NOTCH3, ABCA7, ERBB4, GRN, MPO, SETX, SORL1, NEFH, ADCM10, and SORL1, etc., were also detected in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Conclusion: The new variants in dementia-related genes indicated heterogeneity in pathogenesis and phenotype of degenerative dementia. WES could serve as an efficient diagnostic tool for detecting intractable dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Su
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Panegyres PK. The Clinical Spectrum of Young Onset Dementia Points to Its Stochastic Origins. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:663-679. [PMID: 34632303 PMCID: PMC8461730 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a major global health problem and the search for improved therapies is ongoing. The study of young onset dementia (YOD)-with onset prior to 65 years-represents a challenge owing to the variety of clinical presentations, pathology, and gene mutations. The advantage of the investigation of YOD is the lack of comorbidities that complicate the clinical picture in older adults. Here we explore the origins of YOD. OBJECTIVE To define the clinical diversity of YOD in terms of its demography, range of presentations, neurological examination findings, comorbidities, medical history, cognitive findings, imaging abnormalities both structural and functional, electroencephagraphic (EEG) data, neuropathology, and genetics. METHODS A prospective 20-year study of 240 community-based patients referred to specialty neurology clinics established to elucidate the nature of YOD. RESULTS Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 139) and behavioral variant frontotemporal (bvFTD; n = 58) were the most common causes with a mean age of onset of 56.5 years for AD (±1 SD 5.45) and 57.1 years for bvFTD (±1 SD 5.66). Neuropathology showed a variety of diagnoses from multiple sclerosis, Lewy body disease, FTD-MND, TDP-43 proteinopathy, adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal steroids and pigmented glia, corticobasal degeneration, unexplained small vessel disease, and autoimmune T-cell encephalitis. Non-amnestic forms of AD and alternative forms of FTD were discovered. Mutations were only found in 11 subjects (11/240 = 4.6%). APOE genotyping was not divergent between the two populations. CONCLUSION There are multiple kinds of YOD, and most are sporadic. These observations point to their stochastic origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Panegyres
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Pty Ltd, West Perth, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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14
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Agüero P, Sainz MJ, Téllez R, Lorda I, Ávila A, García-Ribas G, Rodríguez PP, Gómez-Tortosa E. De Novo PS1 Mutation (Pro436Gln) in a Very Early-Onset Posterior Variant of Alzheimer's Disease Associated with Spasticity: A Case Report. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1011-1016. [PMID: 34366350 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient with sporadic Alzheimer's disease with onset in his twenties found to carry the de novo Pro436Gln mutation in the presenilin 1 gene (PS1). Clinical phenotype featured a posterior cortical syndrome with severe visual agnosia and mild limb spasticity with brisk reflexes. Brain MRI and FDG-PET scans revealed severe parieto-occipital atrophy/hypometabolism. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers showed a decrease in Aβ42 level and Aβ42/40 ratio, increased phospho-tau, and normal total tau. Amyloid PET identified a very high burden of amyloid-β neuritic plaques in the posterior cortex. Similarities between this and two previously reported cases with this variant support that this mutation has a very strong impact on the clinical phenotype and is consistently associated with spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Agüero
- Department of Neurology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Téllez
- Department of Immunology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lorda
- Department of Genetics, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Ávila
- Department of Genetics, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Mohassel P, Donkervoort S, Lone MA, Nalls M, Gable K, Gupta SD, Foley AR, Hu Y, Saute JAM, Moreira AL, Kok F, Introna A, Logroscino G, Grunseich C, Nickolls AR, Pourshafie N, Neuhaus SB, Saade D, Gangfuß A, Kölbel H, Piccus Z, Le Pichon CE, Fiorillo C, Ly CV, Töpf A, Brady L, Specht S, Zidell A, Pedro H, Mittelmann E, Thomas FP, Chao KR, Konersman CG, Cho MT, Brandt T, Straub V, Connolly AM, Schara U, Roos A, Tarnopolsky M, Höke A, Brown RH, Lee CH, Hornemann T, Dunn TM, Bönnemann CG. Childhood amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by excess sphingolipid synthesis. Nat Med 2021; 27:1197-1204. [PMID: 34059824 PMCID: PMC9309980 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease of the lower and upper motor neurons with sporadic or hereditary occurrence. Age of onset, pattern of motor neuron degeneration and disease progression vary widely among individuals with ALS. Various cellular processes may drive ALS pathomechanisms, but a monogenic direct metabolic disturbance has not been causally linked to ALS. Here we show SPTLC1 variants that result in unrestrained sphingoid base synthesis cause a monogenic form of ALS. We identified four specific, dominantly acting SPTLC1 variants in seven families manifesting as childhood-onset ALS. These variants disrupt the normal homeostatic regulation of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) by ORMDL proteins, resulting in unregulated SPT activity and elevated levels of canonical SPT products. Notably, this is in contrast with SPTLC1 variants that shift SPT amino acid usage from serine to alanine, result in elevated levels of deoxysphingolipids and manifest with the alternate phenotype of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy. We custom designed small interfering RNAs that selectively target the SPTLC1 ALS allele for degradation, leave the normal allele intact and normalize sphingolipid levels in vitro. The role of primary metabolic disturbances in ALS has been elusive; this study defines excess sphingolipid biosynthesis as a fundamental metabolic mechanism for motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Mohassel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Museer A Lone
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Nalls
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Gable
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sita D Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonas Alex Morales Saute
- Medical Genetics division and Neurology division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, and Internal Medicine Department; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucila Moreira
- Neurology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Kok
- Neurogenetics Outpatient Service, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Mendelics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Introna
- Neurology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Neurology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari at 'Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico' Hospital Tricase (Le), Bari, Italy
| | - Christopher Grunseich
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alec R Nickolls
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naemeh Pourshafie
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah B Neuhaus
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dimah Saade
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Gangfuß
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Kölbel
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Zoe Piccus
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claire E Le Pichon
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, G. Gaslini Institute and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cindy V Ly
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ana Töpf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lauren Brady
- Division of Neuromuscular & Neurometabolic Disorders, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabine Specht
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aliza Zidell
- Center for Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Helio Pedro
- Center for Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Eric Mittelmann
- Department of Neurology, Hereditary Neuropathy Foundation Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Florian P Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Hereditary Neuropathy Foundation Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Katherine R Chao
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chamindra G Konersman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anne M Connolly
- Department of Paediatrics, Neurology Division, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ulrike Schara
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Mark Tarnopolsky
- Division of Neuromuscular & Neurometabolic Disorders, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Chia-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Teresa M Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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16
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Kortazar-Zubizarreta I, Ruiz-Onandi R, Pereda A, Vado Y, González-Chinchon G, Eraña H, Perez de Nanclares G, Castilla J. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with extremely long 14-year survival period. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:2901-2906. [PMID: 34060706 PMCID: PMC8457091 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is a rapidly progressing and highly variable neurodegenerative disease with heterogeneous clinical presentation and a median survival time from diagnosis to death of 4–6 months. Methods We report a rare case of a 61‐year‐old woman with a history of initially rapidly progressive dementia, with subsequent development of pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs and with an unusually long survival period of 14 years. Initial magnetic resonance imaging evaluation, single‐photon emission computed tomography, and electroencephalogram did not show relevant alterations. Results The postmortem examination of the brain showed diffuse spongiform change, gliosis, and neuronal loss along with abnormal immunostaining of prion protein in the grey matter, especially in the cerebellum. Indirect PRNP genetic analysis was negative. Conclusions This case is, to our knowledge, the sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease patient with the longest survival period ever documented. This surprisingly long duration highlights the importance of histopathological confirmation with brain autopsies for suspected cases, as the disease can easily be misdiagnosed in such slowly progressing cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaro Kortazar-Zubizarreta
- Department of Neurology, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rebeca Ruiz-Onandi
- Department of Pathology, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Arrate Pereda
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Yerai Vado
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gonzalo González-Chinchon
- Department of Neurology, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Hasier Eraña
- Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,Atlas Molecular Pharma, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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17
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Sun H, Shen XR, Fang ZB, Jiang ZZ, Wei XJ, Wang ZY, Yu XF. Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies and Neurogenetic Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040361. [PMID: 33921670 PMCID: PMC8072598 DOI: 10.3390/life11040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has led to great advances in understanding the causes of Mendelian and complex neurological diseases. Owing to the complexity of genetic diseases, the genetic factors contributing to many rare and common neurological diseases remain poorly understood. Selecting the correct genetic test based on cost-effectiveness, coverage area, and sequencing range can improve diagnosis, treatments, and prevention. Whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing are suitable methods for finding new mutations, and gene panels are suitable for exploring the roles of specific genes in neurogenetic diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the classifications, applications, advantages, and limitations of NGS in research on neurological diseases. We further provide examples of NGS-based explorations and insights of the genetic causes of neurogenetic diseases, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, spinocerebellar ataxias, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, we focus on issues related to NGS-based analyses, including interpretations of variants of uncertain significance, de novo mutations, congenital genetic diseases with complex phenotypes, and single-molecule real-time approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xue-Fan Yu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-157-5430-1836
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18
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Rodríguez-Labrada R, Martins AC, Magaña JJ, Vazquez-Mojena Y, Medrano-Montero J, Fernandez-Ruíz J, Cisneros B, Teive H, McFarland KN, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Cerecedo-Zapata CM, Gomez CM, Ashizawa T, Velázquez-Pérez L, Jardim LB. Founder Effects of Spinocerebellar Ataxias in the American Continents and the Caribbean. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 19:446-458. [PMID: 32086717 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) comprise a heterogeneous group of autosomal dominant disorders. The relative frequency of the different SCA subtypes varies broadly among different geographical and ethnic groups as result of genetic drifts. This review aims to provide an update regarding SCA founders in the American continents and the Caribbean as well as to discuss characteristics of these populations. Clusters of SCAs were detected in Eastern regions of Cuba for SCA2, in South Brazil for SCA3/MJD, and in Southeast regions of Mexico for SCA7. Prevalence rates were obtained and reached 154 (municipality of Báguano, Cuba), 166 (General Câmara, Brazil), and 423 (Tlaltetela, Mexico) patients/100,000 for SCA2, SCA3/MJD, and SCA7, respectively. In contrast, the scattered families with spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) reported all over North and South Americas have been associated to a common Native American ancestry that may have risen in East Asia and migrated to Americas 10,000 to 20,000 years ago. The comprehensive review showed that for each of these SCAs corresponded at least the development of one study group with a large production of scientific evidence often generalizable to all carriers of these conditions. Clusters of SCA populations in the American continents and the Caribbean provide unusual opportunity to gain insights into clinical and genetic characteristics of these disorders. Furthermore, the presence of large populations of patients living close to study centers can favor the development of meaningful clinical trials, which will impact on therapies and on quality of life of SCA carriers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Carolina Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-070, Brazil
| | - Jonathan J Magaña
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, National Rehabilitation Institute (INR-LGII), 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yaimeé Vazquez-Mojena
- Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias, 80100, Holguín, Cuba
| | | | - Juan Fernandez-Ruíz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Helio Teive
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80240-440, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Saraiva-Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-070, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - César M Cerecedo-Zapata
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, National Rehabilitation Institute (INR-LGII), 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
- Rehabilitation and Social Inclusion Center of Veracruz (CRIS-DIF), Xalapa, 91070, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Program of Neuroscience, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Luis Velázquez-Pérez
- Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias, 80100, Holguín, Cuba.
- Cuban Academy of Sciences, 10100, La Havana, Cuba.
| | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-070, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
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19
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Dangerous Stops: Nonsense Mutations Can Dramatically Increase Frequency of Prion Conversion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041542. [PMID: 33546497 PMCID: PMC7913716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation is associated with many incurable diseases. For some of these, sporadic cases are much more common than familial ones. Some reports point to the role of somatic cell mosaicism in these cases via origination of amyloids in a limited number of cells, which can then spread through tissues. However, specific types of sporadic mutations responsible for such effects are unknown. In order to identify mutations capable of increasing the de novo appearance of amyloids, we searched for such mutants in the yeast prionogenic protein Sup35. We introduced to yeast cells an additional copy of the SUP35 gene with mutated amyloidogenic domain and observed that some nonsense mutations increased the incidence of prions by several orders of magnitude. This effect was related to exposure at the C-terminus of an internal amyloidogenic region of Sup35. We also discovered that SUP35 mRNA could undergo splicing, although inefficiently, causing appearance of a shortened Sup35 isoform lacking its functional domain, which was also highly prionogenic. Our data suggest that truncated forms of amyloidogenic proteins, resulting from nonsense mutations or alternative splicing in rare somatic cells, might initiate spontaneous localized formation of amyloids, which can then spread, resulting in sporadic amyloid disease.
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20
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Müller-Schiffmann A, Trossbach SV, Lingappa VR, Korth C. Viruses as 'Truffle Hounds': Molecular Tools for Untangling Brain Cellular Pathology. Trends Neurosci 2020; 44:352-365. [PMID: 33317827 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of viruses to evolve several orders of magnitude faster than their host cells has enabled them to exploit host cellular machinery by selectively recruiting multiprotein complexes (MPCs) for their catalyzed assembly and replication. This hijacking may depend on alternative, 'moonlighting' functions of host proteins that deviate from their canonical functions thereby inducing cellular pathology. Here, we posit that if virus-induced cellular pathology is similar to that of other, unknown (non-viral) causes, the identification and molecular characterization of the host proteins involved in virus-mediated cellular pathology can be leveraged to decipher the non-viral disease-relevant mechanisms. We focus on how virus-induced aberrant proteostasis and protein aggregation resemble the cellular pathology of sporadic neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and how this can be exploited for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Müller-Schiffmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja V Trossbach
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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21
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Kim YC, Jeong BH. Identification of Somatic Mutations in Dementia-related Genes in Cancer Patients. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:835-844. [PMID: 33272183 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201203124341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is an overall term of brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), tauopathies and synucleinopathies. To date, somatic mutations in dementia-related genes, including the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, presenilin 1 (PSEN1) gene, PSEN2 gene, microtubule- associated protein tau (MAPT) gene, alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene, have been considered one cause of dementia. We have questioned the impact of somatic mutations in dementia-related genes on cancer. METHODS In the present study, we investigated somatic mutations in the APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, MAPT, SNCA and LRRK2 genes and the impact of these somatic mutations. RESULTS From The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found 1,643 somatic mutations in the APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, MAPT, SNCA and LRRK2 genes in cancer patients. Strikingly, compared to the distributions of cancer types in total cancer patients, somatic mutations in the dementia-related genes showed an extremely low distribution in glioblastoma patients. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of dementia-related genes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531, Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531, Korea
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22
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Leija-Salazar M, Pittman A, Mokretar K, Morris H, Schapira AH, Proukakis C. Investigation of Somatic Mutations in Human Brains Targeting Genes Associated With Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:570424. [PMID: 33193015 PMCID: PMC7642339 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.570424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Somatic single nucleotide variant (SNV) mutations occur in neurons but their role in synucleinopathies is unknown. Aim: We aimed to identify disease-relevant low-level somatic SNVs in brains from sporadic patients with synucleinopathies and a monozygotic twin carrying LRRK2 G2019S, whose penetrance could be explained by somatic variation. Methods and Results: We included different brain regions from 26 Parkinson's disease (PD), one Incidental Lewy body, three multiple system atrophy cases, and 12 controls. The whole SNCA locus and exons of other genes associated with PD and neurodegeneration were deeply sequenced using molecular barcodes to improve accuracy. We selected 21 variants at 0.33–5% allele frequencies for validation using accurate methods for somatic variant detection. Conclusions: We could not detect disease-relevant somatic SNVs, however we cannot exclude their presence at earlier stages of degeneration. Our results support that coding somatic SNVs in neurodegeneration are rare, but other types of somatic variants may hold pathological consequences in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Leija-Salazar
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Pittman
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katya Mokretar
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huw Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony H Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Proukakis
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Monacelli F, Martella L, Parodi MN, Odetti P, Fanelli F, Tabaton M. Frontal Variant of Alzheimer's Disease: A Report of a Novel PSEN1 Mutation. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:11-15. [PMID: 31177233 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease may mimic frontotemporal dementia. We describe a case of presenile dementia who presented with peudo-psychotic symptoms carrying a PSEN1 mutation (P355 S), which was not known to be pathogenic. PET-FDG showed bilateral frontotemporal hypometabolism, but at MRI, multiple microbleeds were detected, suggestive of amyloid angiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Monacelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, DIMI, Section of Geriatrics, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, I.R.C.C.S. Per l'Oncologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Martella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, DIMI, Section of Geriatrics, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, I.R.C.C.S. Per l'Oncologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Nives Parodi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, DIMI, Section of Geriatrics, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, I.R.C.C.S. Per l'Oncologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizio Odetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, DIMI, Section of Geriatrics, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, I.R.C.C.S. Per l'Oncologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Tabaton
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, I.R.C.C.S. Per l'Oncologia, Genoa, Italy
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24
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Kaeser G, Chun J. Brain cell somatic gene recombination and its phylogenetic foundations. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12786-12795. [PMID: 32699111 PMCID: PMC7476723 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.009192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new form of somatic gene recombination (SGR) has been identified in the human brain that affects the Alzheimer's disease gene, amyloid precursor protein (APP). SGR occurs when a gene sequence is cut and recombined within a single cell's genomic DNA, generally independent of DNA replication and the cell cycle. The newly identified brain SGR produces genomic complementary DNAs (gencDNAs) lacking introns, which integrate into locations distinct from germline loci. This brief review will present an overview of likely related recombination mechanisms and genomic cDNA-like sequences that implicate evolutionary origins for brain SGR. Similarities and differences exist between brain SGR and VDJ recombination in the immune system, the first identified SGR form that now has a well-defined enzymatic machinery. Both require gene transcription, but brain SGR uses an RNA intermediate and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, which are characteristics shared with endogenous retrotransposons. The identified gencDNAs have similarities to other cDNA-like sequences existing throughout phylogeny, including intron-less genes and inactive germline processed pseudogenes, with likely overlapping biosynthetic processes. gencDNAs arise somatically in an individual to produce multiple copies; can be functional; appear most frequently within postmitotic cells; have diverse sequences; change with age; and can change with disease state. Normally occurring brain SGR may represent a mechanism for gene optimization and long-term cellular memory, whereas its dysregulation could underlie multiple brain disorders and, potentially, other diseases like cancer. The involvement of RT activity implicates already Food and Drug Administration-approved RT inhibitors as possible near-term interventions for managing SGR-associated diseases and suggest next-generation therapeutics targeting SGR elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn Kaeser
- Degenerative Disease Program at the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Degenerative Disease Program at the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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25
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Proukakis C. Somatic mutations in neurodegeneration: An update. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 144:105021. [PMID: 32712267 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosaicism, the presence of genomic differences between cells due to post-zygotic somatic mutations, is widespread in the human body, including within the brain. A role for this in neurodegenerative diseases has long been hypothesised, and technical developments are now allowing the question to be addressed in detail. The rapidly accumulating evidence is discussed in this review, with a focus on recent developments. Somatic mutations of numerous types may occur, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs), copy number variants (CNVs), and retrotransposon insertions. They could act as initiators or risk factors, especially if they arise in development, although they could also result from the disease process, potentially contributing to progression. In common sporadic neurodegenerative disorders, relevant mutations have been reported in synucleinopathies, comprising somatic gains of SNCA in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy, and in Alzheimer's disease, where a novel recombination mechanism leading to somatic variants of APP, as well as an excess of somatic SNVs affecting tau phosphorylation, have been reported. In Mendelian repeat expansion disorders, mosaicism due to somatic instability, first detected 25 years ago, has come to the forefront. Brain somatic SNVs occur in DNA repair disorders, and there is evidence for a role of several ALS genes in DNA repair. While numerous challenges, and need for further validation, remain, this new, or perhaps rediscovered, area of research has the potential to transform our understanding of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Proukakis
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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26
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Jourdon A, Fasching L, Scuderi S, Abyzov A, Vaccarino FM. The role of somatic mosaicism in brain disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 65:84-90. [PMID: 32622340 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review we discuss the importance of genetic somatic mosaicism and its impact on brain diseases. We start from introducing the different types of somatic mutations, their frequencies and abundances across development and lifespan. We then describe how weakness in DNA repair mechanisms influences their prevalence. Finally, we address their functional consequences in the brain and review recent research showing their unsuspected importance in several neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liana Fasching
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Soraya Scuderi
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Alexej Abyzov
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Flora M Vaccarino
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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27
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Identification of Prion Disease-Related Somatic Mutations in the Prion Protein Gene ( PRNP) in Cancer Patients. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061480. [PMID: 32560489 PMCID: PMC7349074 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are caused by misfolded prion protein (PrPSc) and are accompanied by spongiform vacuolation of brain lesions. Approximately three centuries have passed since prion diseases were first discovered around the world; however, the exact role of certain factors affecting the causative agent of prion diseases is still debatable. In recent studies, somatic mutations were assumed to be cause of several diseases. Thus, we postulated that genetically unstable cancer tissue may cause somatic mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP), which could trigger the onset of prion diseases. To identify somatic mutations in the PRNP gene in cancer tissues, we analyzed somatic mutations in the PRNP gene in cancer patients using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In addition, to evaluate whether the somatic mutations in the PRNP gene in cancer patients had a damaging effect, we performed in silico analysis using PolyPhen-2, PANTHER, PROVEAN, and AMYCO. We identified a total of 48 somatic mutations in the PRNP gene, including 8 somatic mutations that are known pathogenic mutations of prion diseases. We identified significantly different distributions among the types of cancer, the mutation counts, and the ages of diagnosis between the total cancer patient population and cancer patients carrying somatic mutations in the PRNP gene. Strikingly, although invasive breast carcinoma and glioblastoma accounted for a high percentage of the total cancer patient population (9.9% and 5.4%, respectively), somatic mutations in the PRNP gene have not been identified in these two cancer types. We suggested the possibility that somatic mutations of the PRNP gene in glioblastoma can be masked by a diagnosis of prion disease. In addition, we found four aggregation-prone somatic mutations, these being L125F, E146Q, R151C, and K204N. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first specific analysis of the somatic mutations in the PRNP gene in cancer patients.
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28
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Neuropathological Mechanisms Associated with Pesticides in Alzheimer's Disease. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8020021. [PMID: 32218337 PMCID: PMC7355712 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental toxicants have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, and pesticide exposure is a suspected environmental risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several epidemiological analyses have affirmed a link between pesticides and incidence of sporadic AD. Meanwhile, in vitro and animal models of AD have shed light on potential neuropathological mechanisms. In this paper, a perspective on neuropathological mechanisms underlying pesticides’ induction of AD is provided. Proposed mechanisms range from generic oxidative stress induction in neurons to more AD-specific processes involving amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau). Mechanisms that are more speculative or indirect in nature, including somatic mutation, epigenetic modulation, impairment of adult neurogenesis, and microbiota dysbiosis, are also discussed. Chronic toxicity mechanisms of environmental pesticide exposure crosstalks in complex ways and could potentially be mutually enhancing, thus making the deciphering of simplistic causal relationships difficult.
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29
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de Souza MM, Andreolla MC, Ribeiro TC, Gonçalves AE, Medeiros AR, de Souza AS, Ferreira LLG, Andricopulo AD, Yunes RA, de Oliveira AS. Structure-activity relationships of sulfonamides derived from carvacrol and their potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:307-316. [PMID: 33479638 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Five synthetic sulfonamides derived from carvacrol, a natural product and a small molecule with druglike properties, were evaluated with respect to their effects on the cognitive deficits of animals with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD). Memory, ambulation, anxiety and oxidative stress were evaluated. In vitro assays were performed to assess the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the data were combined with molecular docking for the establishment of structure-activity relationships. The memories of animals treated with the compounds derived from morpholine (1), hydrazine (3) and 2-phenol (5) were improved. Compound 3 was the most promising, yielding excellent results in the inhibitory avoidance test. Moreover, the compounds did not exhibit any deleterious effects on the animals' ambulation in the open field test. Molecular docking confirmed the results obtained in the AChE inhibition assay. In short, compounds 1, 3 and 5 can reduce STZ-induced deficits and show potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's. In addition, these agents produce significant anxiolytic and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Maria de Souza
- School of Health Sciences/Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences , UNIVALI , Rua Uruguai, 458 F6 lab 206 Campus I, centro , Itajai , SC 88302-202 , Brazil
| | - Marina Corrêa Andreolla
- School of Health Sciences/Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences , UNIVALI , Rua Uruguai, 458 F6 lab 206 Campus I, centro , Itajai , SC 88302-202 , Brazil
| | - Thaís Cecília Ribeiro
- School of Health Sciences/Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences , UNIVALI , Rua Uruguai, 458 F6 lab 206 Campus I, centro , Itajai , SC 88302-202 , Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Gonçalves
- School of Health Sciences/Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences , UNIVALI , Rua Uruguai, 458 F6 lab 206 Campus I, centro , Itajai , SC 88302-202 , Brazil
| | - Alex Rogério Medeiros
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry , Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery , Institute of Physics of São Carlos , University of Sao Paulo , Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina , São Carlos , SP 13563-120 , Brazil
| | - Anacleto Silva de Souza
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry , Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery , Institute of Physics of São Carlos , University of Sao Paulo , Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina , São Carlos , SP 13563-120 , Brazil
| | - Leonardo Luiz Gomes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry , Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery , Institute of Physics of São Carlos , University of Sao Paulo , Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina , São Carlos , SP 13563-120 , Brazil
| | - Adriano Defini Andricopulo
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry , Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery , Institute of Physics of São Carlos , University of Sao Paulo , Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina , São Carlos , SP 13563-120 , Brazil
| | - Rosendo Augusto Yunes
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Santa Catarina , R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s/n - Trindade , Florianópolis , SC 88040-900 , Brazil
| | - Aldo Sena de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry , Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery , Institute of Physics of São Carlos , University of Sao Paulo , Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina , São Carlos , SP 13563-120 , Brazil.,Department of Exact Sciences and Education , Federal University of Santa Catarina- Campus of Blumenau , Rua João Pessoa, 2750 - Velha , Blumenau , SC 89036-256 , Brazil .
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30
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Singh SM, Castellani CA, Hill KA. Postzygotic Somatic Mutations in the Human Brain Expand the Threshold-Liability Model of Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:587162. [PMID: 33192734 PMCID: PMC7642466 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.587162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for what causes schizophrenia has been onerous. This research has included extensive assessment of a variety of genetic and environmental factors using ever emerging high-resolution technologies and traditional understanding of the biology of the brain. These efforts have identified a large number of schizophrenia-associated genes, some of which are altered by mutational and epi-mutational mechanisms in a threshold liability model of schizophrenia development. The results, however, have limited predictability and the actual cause of the disease remains unknown. This current state asks for conceptualizing the problem differently in light of novel insights into the nature of mutations, the biology of the brain and the fine precision and resolution of emerging technologies. There is mounting evidence that mutations acquired during postzygotic development are more common than germline mutations. Also, the postzygotic somatic mutations including epimutations (PZMs), which often lead to somatic mosaicism, are relatively common in the mammalian brain in comparison to most other tissues and PZMs are more common in patients with neurodevelopmental mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Further, previously inaccessible, detection of PZMs is becoming feasible with the advent of novel technologies that include single-cell genomics and epigenomics and the use of exquisite experimental designs including use of monozygotic twins discordant for the disease. These developments allow us to propose a working hypothesis and expand the threshold liability model of schizophrenia that already encompasses familial genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors to include somatic de novo PZMs. Further, we offer a test for this expanded model using currently available genome sequences and methylome data on monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia (MZD) and their parents. The results of this analysis argue that PZMs play a significant role in the development of schizophrenia and explain extensive heterogeneity seen across patients. It also offers the potential to convincingly link PZMs to both nervous system health and disease, an area that has remained challenging to study and relatively under explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva M Singh
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Christina A Castellani
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen A Hill
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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31
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Godschalk RWL, Yauk CL, van Benthem J, Douglas GR, Marchetti F. In utero Exposure to Genotoxicants Leading to Genetic Mosaicism: An Overlooked Window of Susceptibility in Genetic Toxicology Testing? ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:55-65. [PMID: 31743493 PMCID: PMC6973016 DOI: 10.1002/em.22347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In utero development represents a sensitive window for the induction of mutations. These mutations may subsequently expand clonally to populate entire organs or anatomical structures. Although not all adverse mutations will affect tissue structure or function, there is growing evidence that clonally expanded genetic mosaics contribute to various monogenic and complex diseases, including cancer. We posit that genetic mosaicism is an underestimated potential health problem that is not fully addressed in the current regulatory genotoxicity testing paradigm. Genotoxicity testing focuses exclusively on adult exposures and thus may not capture the complexity of genetic mosaicisms that contribute to human disease. Numerous studies have shown that conversion of genetic damage into mutations during early developmental exposures can result in much higher mutation burdens than equivalent exposures in adults in certain tissues. Therefore, we assert that analysis of genetic effects caused by in utero exposures should be considered in the current regulatory testing paradigm, which is possible by harmonization with current reproductive/developmental toxicology testing strategies. This is particularly important given the recent proposed paradigm change from simple hazard identification to quantitative mutagenicity assessment. Recent developments in sequencing technologies offer practical tools to detect mutations in any tissue or species. In addition to mutation frequency and spectrum, these technologies offer the opportunity to characterize the extent of genetic mosaicism following exposure to mutagens. Such integration of new methods with existing toxicology guideline studies offers the genetic toxicology community a way to modernize their testing paradigm and to improve risk assessment for vulnerable populations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:55-65, 2020. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W. L. Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Carole L. Yauk
- Mechanistic Studies DivisionEnvironmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health CanadaOttawaK1A 0K9OntarioCanada
| | - Jan van Benthem
- Center for Health ProtectionNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - George R. Douglas
- Mechanistic Studies DivisionEnvironmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health CanadaOttawaK1A 0K9OntarioCanada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Mechanistic Studies DivisionEnvironmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health CanadaOttawaK1A 0K9OntarioCanada
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Perez-Rodriguez D, Kalyva M, Leija-Salazar M, Lashley T, Tarabichi M, Chelban V, Gentleman S, Schottlaender L, Franklin H, Vasmatzis G, Houlden H, Schapira AHV, Warner TT, Holton JL, Jaunmuktane Z, Proukakis C. Investigation of somatic CNVs in brains of synucleinopathy cases using targeted SNCA analysis and single cell sequencing. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:219. [PMID: 31870437 PMCID: PMC6929293 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are mostly sporadic neurodegenerative disorders of partly unexplained aetiology, and include Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). We have further investigated our recent finding of somatic SNCA (α-synuclein) copy number variants (CNVs, specifically gains) in synucleinopathies, using Fluorescent in-situ Hybridisation for SNCA, and single-cell whole genome sequencing for the first time in a synucleinopathy. In the cingulate cortex, mosaicism levels for SNCA gains were higher in MSA and PD than controls in neurons (> 2% in both diseases), and for MSA also in non-neurons. In MSA substantia nigra (SN), we noted SNCA gains in > 3% of dopaminergic (DA) neurons (identified by neuromelanin) and neuromelanin-negative cells, including olig2-positive oligodendroglia. Cells with CNVs were more likely to have α-synuclein inclusions, in a pattern corresponding to cell categories mostly relevant to the disease: DA neurons in Lewy-body cases, and other cells in the striatonigral degeneration-dominant MSA variant (MSA-SND). Higher mosaicism levels in SN neuromelanin-negative cells may correlate with younger onset in typical MSA-SND, and in cingulate neurons with younger death in PD. Larger sample sizes will, however, be required to confirm these putative findings. We obtained genome-wide somatic CNV profiles from 169 cells from the substantia nigra of two MSA cases, and pons and putamen of one. These showed somatic CNVs in ~ 30% of cells, with clonality and origins in segmental duplications for some. CNVs had distinct profiles based on cell type, with neurons having a mix of gains and losses, and other cells having almost exclusively gains, although control data sets will be required to determine possible disease relevance. We propose that somatic SNCA CNVs may contribute to the aetiology and pathogenesis of synucleinopathies, and that genome-wide somatic CNVs in MSA brain merit further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Perez-Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Maria Kalyva
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Melissa Leija-Salazar
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Maxime Tarabichi
- The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road 1, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Viorica Chelban
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Lucia Schottlaender
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Hannah Franklin
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - George Vasmatzis
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Janice L Holton
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Christos Proukakis
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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Lacour M, Quenez O, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Salomon B, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Quillard-Muraine M, Pasquier F, Rollin-Sillaire A, Martinaud O, Zarea A, de la Sayette V, Boutoleau-Bretonniere C, Etcharry-Bouyx F, Chauviré V, Sarazin M, le Ber I, Epelbaum S, Jonveaux T, Rouaud O, Ceccaldi M, Godefroy O, Formaglio M, Croisile B, Auriacombe S, Magnin E, Sauvée M, Marelli C, Gabelle A, Pariente J, Paquet C, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Campion D, Hannequin D, Nicolas G, Wallon D. Causative Mutations and Genetic Risk Factors in Sporadic Early Onset Alzheimer’s Disease Before 51 Years. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:227-243. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Lacour
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Quenez
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno Salomon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Stephane Rousseau
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Claire Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | - Florence Pasquier
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Univ Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1171, Distalz, Lille, France
| | - Adeline Rollin-Sillaire
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Univ Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1171, Distalz, Lille, France
| | | | - Aline Zarea
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | | | | | - Valérie Chauviré
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Department of Neurology, Saint Anne University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle le Ber
- National Reference Center for Rare or Early Dementias and Center of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease (CoEN), Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- National Reference Center for Rare or Early Dementias and Center of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease (CoEN), Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Thérèse Jonveaux
- Department of Geriatrics and CMRR, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Rouaud
- Department of Neurology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Mathieu Ceccaldi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Service de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, CHU de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Godefroy
- Departments of Neurology, Amiens University Hospital, and Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences1, 6 (EA 4559), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Maite Formaglio
- Service de Neuropsychologie and CMRR, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Croisile
- Service de Neuropsychologie and CMRR, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Auriacombe
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eloi Magnin
- Department of Neurology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Mathilde Sauvée
- Department of Neurology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- Department of Neurology, Montpellier, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Department of Neurology, Montpellier, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeremie Pariente
- CMRR Department of Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- Cognitive Neurology Center/CMRR Paris Nord Ile de France, Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Hospital Université de Paris, INSERMU1144, Paris
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
- Department of Research, Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - David Wallon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno J. Bolz
- Aff1 Senckenberg Zentrum für Humangenetik Frankfurt am Main Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Aff2 0000 0004 0444 9382 grid.10417.33 Department of Human Genetics & Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Medical Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Niederlande
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