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De Bartolo MI, Belvisi D, Mancinelli R, Costanzo M, Caturano C, Leodori G, Berardelli A, Fabbrini G, Vivacqua G. A systematic review of salivary biomarkers in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2613-2625. [PMID: 38595280 PMCID: PMC11168506 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for reliable and easily accessible biomarkers in Parkinson's disease is receiving a growing emphasis, to detect neurodegeneration from the prodromal phase and to enforce disease-modifying therapies. Despite the need for non-invasively accessible biomarkers, the majority of the studies have pointed to cerebrospinal fluid or peripheral biopsies biomarkers, which require invasive collection procedures. Saliva represents an easily accessible biofluid and an incredibly wide source of molecular biomarkers. In the present study, after presenting the morphological and biological bases for looking at saliva in the search of biomarkers for Parkinson's disease, we systematically reviewed the results achieved so far in the saliva of different cohorts of Parkinson's disease patients. A comprehensive literature search on PubMed and SCOPUS led to the discovery of 289 articles. After screening and exclusion, 34 relevant articles were derived for systematic review. Alpha-synuclein, the histopathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease, has been the most investigated Parkinson's disease biomarker in saliva, with oligomeric alpha-synuclein consistently found increased in Parkinson's disease patients in comparison to healthy controls, while conflicting results have been reported regarding the levels of total alpha-synuclein and phosphorylated alpha-synuclein, and few studies described an increased oligomeric alpha-synuclein/total alpha-synuclein ratio in Parkinson's disease. Beyond alpha-synuclein, other biomarkers targeting different molecular pathways have been explored in the saliva of Parkinson's disease patients: total tau, phosphorylated tau, amyloid-β1-42 (pathological protein aggregation biomarkers); DJ-1, heme-oxygenase-1, metabolites (altered energy homeostasis biomarkers); MAPLC-3beta (aberrant proteostasis biomarker); cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (inflammation biomarkers); DNA methylation, miRNA (DNA/RNA defects biomarkers); acetylcholinesterase activity (synaptic and neuronal network dysfunction biomarkers); Raman spectra, proteome, and caffeine. Despite a few studies investigating biomarkers targeting molecular pathways different from alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, these results should be replicated and observed in studies on larger cohorts, considering the potential role of these biomarkers in determining the molecular variance among Parkinson's disease subtypes. Although the need for standardization in sample collection and processing, salivary-based biomarkers studies have reported encouraging results, calling for large-scale longitudinal studies and multicentric assessments, given the great molecular potentials and the non-invasive accessibility of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Belvisi
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Caturano
- Department of Experimental Morphology and Microscopy -Integrated Research Center (PRAAB) -Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Leodori
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fabbrini
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vivacqua
- Department of Experimental Morphology and Microscopy -Integrated Research Center (PRAAB) -Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Guimarães RP, de Resende MCS, Tavares MM, Belardinelli de Azevedo C, Ruiz MCM, Mortari MR. Construct, Face, and Predictive Validity of Parkinson's Disease Rodent Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8971. [PMID: 39201659 PMCID: PMC11354451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease globally. Current drugs only alleviate symptoms without halting disease progression, making rodent models essential for researching new therapies and understanding the disease better. However, selecting the right model is challenging due to the numerous models and protocols available. Key factors in model selection include construct, face, and predictive validity. Construct validity ensures the model replicates pathological changes seen in human PD, focusing on dopaminergic neurodegeneration and a-synuclein aggregation. Face validity ensures the model's symptoms mirror those in humans, primarily reproducing motor and non-motor symptoms. Predictive validity assesses if treatment responses in animals will reflect those in humans, typically involving classical pharmacotherapies and surgical procedures. This review highlights the primary characteristics of PD and how these characteristics are validated experimentally according to the three criteria. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool for researchers in selecting the most appropriate animal model based on established validation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayanne Poletti Guimarães
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.G.); (M.C.S.d.R.); (M.M.T.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.C.M.R.)
| | - Maria Clara Souza de Resende
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.G.); (M.C.S.d.R.); (M.M.T.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.C.M.R.)
| | - Miguel Mesquita Tavares
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.G.); (M.C.S.d.R.); (M.M.T.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.C.M.R.)
| | - Caio Belardinelli de Azevedo
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.G.); (M.C.S.d.R.); (M.M.T.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.C.M.R.)
| | - Miguel Cesar Merino Ruiz
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.G.); (M.C.S.d.R.); (M.M.T.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.C.M.R.)
- Neurological Rehabilitation Unit, Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Brasília 70335-901, Brazil
| | - Márcia Renata Mortari
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (R.P.G.); (M.C.S.d.R.); (M.M.T.); (C.B.d.A.); (M.C.M.R.)
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Sanluca C, Spagnolo P, Mancinelli R, De Bartolo MI, Fava M, Maccarrone M, Carotti S, Gaudio E, Leuti A, Vivacqua G. Interaction between α-Synuclein and Bioactive Lipids: Neurodegeneration, Disease Biomarkers and Emerging Therapies. Metabolites 2024; 14:352. [PMID: 39057675 PMCID: PMC11278689 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review provides a comprehensive examination of the intricate dynamics between α-synuclein, a protein crucially involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy, and endogenously-produced bioactive lipids, which play a pivotal role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The interaction of α-synuclein with bioactive lipids is emerging as a critical factor in the development and progression of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, offering new insights into disease mechanisms and novel perspectives in the identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We delve into the molecular pathways through which α-synuclein interacts with biological membranes and bioactive lipids, influencing the aggregation of α-synuclein and triggering neuroinflammatory responses, highlighting the potential of bioactive lipids as biomarkers for early disease detection and progression monitoring. Moreover, we explore innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the interaction between α-synuclein and bioactive lipids, including the development of small molecules and nutritional interventions. Finally, the review addresses the significance of the gut-to-brain axis in mediating the effects of bioactive lipids on α-synuclein pathology and discusses the role of altered gut lipid metabolism and microbiota composition in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The present review aims to underscore the potential of targeting α-synuclein-lipid interactions as a multifaceted approach for the detection and treatment of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sanluca
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Spagnolo
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomic, Histologic, Forensic and Locomotor Apparatus Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy (E.G.)
| | | | - Marina Fava
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Simone Carotti
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomic, Histologic, Forensic and Locomotor Apparatus Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy (E.G.)
| | - Alessandro Leuti
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Vivacqua
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
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Nardelli D, Gambioli F, De Bartolo MI, Mancinelli R, Biagioni F, Carotti S, Falato E, Leodori G, Puglisi-Allegra S, Vivacqua G, Fornai F. Pain in Parkinson's disease: a neuroanatomy-based approach. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae210. [PMID: 39130512 PMCID: PMC11311710 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the deposition of misfolded alpha-synuclein in different regions of the central and peripheral nervous system. Motor impairment represents the signature clinical expression of Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, non-motor symptoms are invariably present at different stages of the disease and constitute an important therapeutic challenge with a high impact for the patients' quality of life. Among non-motor symptoms, pain is frequently experienced by patients, being present in a range of 24-85% of Parkinson's disease population. Moreover, in more than 5% of patients, pain represents the first clinical manifestation, preceding by decades the exordium of motor symptoms. Pain implies a complex biopsychosocial experience with a downstream complex anatomical network involved in pain perception, modulation, and processing. Interestingly, all the anatomical areas involved in pain network can be affected by a-synuclein pathology, suggesting that pathophysiology of pain in Parkinson's disease encompasses a 'pain spectrum', involving different anatomical and neurochemical substrates. Here the various anatomical sites recruited in pain perception, modulation and processing are discussed, highlighting the consequences of their possible degeneration in course of Parkinson's disease. Starting from peripheral small fibres neuropathy and pathological alterations at the level of the posterior laminae of the spinal cord, we then describe the multifaceted role of noradrenaline and dopamine loss in driving dysregulated pain perception. Finally, we focus on the possible role of the intertwined circuits between amygdala, nucleus accumbens and habenula in determining the psycho-emotional, autonomic and cognitive experience of pain in Parkinson's disease. This narrative review provides the first anatomically driven comprehension of pain in Parkinson's disease, aiming at fostering new insights for personalized clinical diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domiziana Nardelli
- Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Francesco Gambioli
- Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome 00128, Italy
| | | | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome 00161, Italy
| | | | - Simone Carotti
- Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Emma Falato
- Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Giorgio Leodori
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS 86077, Italy
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome 00185, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Vivacqua
- Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS 86077, Italy
- Department of Experimental Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy
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Atoki AV, Aja PM, Shinkafi TS, Ondari EN, Awuchi CG. Naringenin: its chemistry and roles in neuroprotection. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:637-666. [PMID: 37585716 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2243089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
According to epidemiological research, as the population ages, neurological illnesses are becoming a bigger issue. Despite improvements in the treatment of these diseases, there are still widespread worries about how to find a long-lasting remedy. Several neurological diseases can be successfully treated with natural substances. As a result, current research has been concentrated on finding effective neuroprotective drugs with improved efficacy and fewer side effects. Naringenin is one potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Many citrus fruits, tomatoes, bergamots, and other fruits are rich in naringenin, a flavonoid. This phytochemical is linked to a variety of biological functions. Naringenin has attracted a lot of interest for its ability to exhibit neuroprotection through several mechanisms. In the current article, we present evidence from the literature that naringenin reduces neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in brain tissues. Also, the literatures that are currently accessible shows that naringenin reduces neuroinflammation and other neurological anomalies. Additionally, we found several studies that touted naringenin as a promising anti-amyloidogenic, antidepressant, and neurotrophic treatment option. This review's major goal is to reflect on advancements in knowledge of the molecular processes that underlie naringenin's possible neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, this article also provides highlights of Naringenin with respect to its chemistry and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Maduabuchi Aja
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Erick Nyakundi Ondari
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya
| | - Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
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Raza C, Mohsin S, Faheem M, Hanif U, Alkhathlan HZ, Shaik MR, Riaz HA, Anjum R, Jurrat H, Khan M. In Vivo Study of Moringa oleifera Seed Extracts as Potential Sources of Neuroprotection against Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1479. [PMID: 38891288 PMCID: PMC11175126 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a leading neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1-3 percent of the elderly population. Oxidative stress is the primary factor for the neurodegeneration of Substantia Nigra (SN). The current study aims to assess the seed extracts of Moringa oleifera (MO) on rotenone-mediated motor function impairments in a PD mouse model. For this purpose, two different seed extracts of MO were prepared, including aqueous MO (AqMO) and ethanolic MO (EthMO). Male Swiss albino mice were grouped into five groups. Mice received 2.5 mg/kg rotenone for 21 consecutive days, and control mice received the vehicle. Extract-treated mice received 200 mg/kg AqMO and EthMO separately, orally and daily for 28 days. Sinemet-treated mice received 20 mg/kg, oral dose, as a positive group. The motor function performance was evaluated using standard neurobehavioral tests. The antioxidant potentials of MO seed extracts were estimated by lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activities in mice brain homogenates. The PD mice brain SN sections were investigated for neurodegeneration. MO seed extract-treated mice showed a significant reduction in motor dysfunction compared to rotenone-treated mice as assessed through the open field, beam walk, pole climb-down, tail suspension, stride length and stepping tests. Increased antioxidant capacities of the PD mice brains of MO extract-administered groups were observed compared to the control. A histological study showed reduced signs of neurodegeneration, vacuolation around multipolar cells and cytoplasmic shrinkage in MO extract-treated mice SN brain sections. Collectively, MO seed extracts protected the animals from locomotor deficits induced by rotenone, possibly through antioxidant means, and seem to have potential applications in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chand Raza
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Mohsin
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Faheem
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Hanif
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hamad Z. Alkhathlan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.Z.A.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.Z.A.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Hasib Aamir Riaz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Rabia Anjum
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Husna Jurrat
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Merajuddin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.Z.A.); (M.R.S.)
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Guo L, Hu H, Jiang N, Yang H, Sun X, Xia H, Ma J, Liu H. Electroacupuncture blocked motor dysfunction and gut barrier damage by modulating intestinal NLRP3 inflammasome in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30819. [PMID: 38774094 PMCID: PMC11107113 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder commonly accompanied by gut dysfunction. EA has shown anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Here, we aim to explore whether EA can treat Parkinson's disease by restoring the intestinal barrier and modulating NLRP3 inflammasome. We applied 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to establish a PD mouse model and EA at the GV16, LR3, and ST36 for 12 consecutive days. The open-field test results indicated that EA alleviated depression and behavioral defects, upregulated the expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and blocked the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the midbrain. Moreover, EA blocked the damage to intestinal tissues of PD mice, indicative of suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased gut barrier integrity. Notably, the antibiotic-treated mouse experiment validated that the gut microbiota was critical in alleviating PD dyskinesia and intestinal inflammation by EA. In conclusion, this study suggested that EA exhibited a protective effect against MPTP-induced PD by alleviating behavioral defects, reversing the block of motor dysfunction, and improving the gut barrier by modulating intestinal NLRP3 inflammasome. Above all, this study could provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, China
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Haiming Hu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huabing Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xiongjie Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, China
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Morris HR, Spillantini MG, Sue CM, Williams-Gray CH. The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Lancet 2024; 403:293-304. [PMID: 38245249 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition associated with the deposition of aggregated α-synuclein. Insights into the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease have been derived from genetics and molecular pathology. Biochemical studies, investigation of transplanted neurons in patients with Parkinson's disease, and cell and animal model studies suggest that abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein and spreading of pathology between the gut, brainstem, and higher brain regions probably underlie the development and progression of Parkinson's disease. At a cellular level, abnormal mitochondrial, lysosomal, and endosomal function can be identified in both monogenic and sporadic Parkinson's disease, suggesting multiple potential treatment approaches. Recent work has also highlighted maladaptive immune and inflammatory responses, possibly triggered in the gut, that accelerate the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Although there are currently no disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease, we now have a solid basis for the development of rational neuroprotective therapies that we hope will halt the progression of this disabling neurological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; University College London Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Maria Grazia Spillantini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
| | - Caroline H Williams-Gray
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Wang ZY, Tsai ZY, Chang HW, Tsai YC. Enhancing Electrochemical Non-Enzymatic Dopamine Sensing Based on Bimetallic Nickel/Cobalt Phosphide Nanosheets. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:105. [PMID: 38258224 PMCID: PMC10820133 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the successful synthesis of bimetallic nickel/cobalt phosphide nanosheets (Ni-Co-P NSs) via the hydrothermal method and the subsequent high-temperature phosphorization process were both confirmed. Ni-Co-P NSs exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity for the electrochemical non-enzymatic DA sensing. The surface morphologies and physicochemical properties of Ni-Co-P NSs were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), field-emission scanning (FESEM), field-emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Further, the electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The metallic nature of phosphide and the synergistic effect of Ni/Co atoms in Ni-Co-P NSs provided abundant catalytic active sites for the electrochemical redox reaction of DA, which exhibited a remarkable consequence with a wide linear range from 0.3~50 μM, a high sensitivity of 2.033 µA µM-1 cm-2, a low limit of detection of 0.016 µM, and anti-interference ability. As a result, the proposed Ni-Co-P NSs can be considered an ideal electrode material for the electrochemical non-enzymatic DA sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.T.)
| | - Zong-Ying Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.T.)
| | - Han-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360302, Taiwan
- Pesticide Analysis Center, National United University, Miaoli 360302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.T.)
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Liu Y, Zhou X, Xue K, Sun R, Tang Y, Tang C. Reviving: restoring depression-like behaviour through glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor treatment in the medial prefrontal cortex. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2024; 49:E23-E34. [PMID: 38302136 PMCID: PMC10843345 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.230079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent nonmotor symptom in Parkinson disease and can greatly reduce the quality of life for patients; the dopamine receptors found in glutamatergic pyramidal cells in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) play a role in regulating local field activity, which in turn affects behavioural and mood disorders. Given research showing that glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) may have an antidepressant effect, we sought to evaluate the impact of exogenous GDNF on depression-like behaviour in mouse models of Parkinson disease. METHODS We used an established subacute model of Parkinson disease in mice involving intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), followed by brain stereotaxic injection of GDNF into the mPFC region. Subsequently, we assessed depression-like behaviour using the sucrose preference test, forced swimming test and tail suspension test, while also evaluating protein expression in the mPFC. RESULTS We included 60 mice, divided into 3 groups, including a control group (saline injection), an MPTP plus saline injection group and an MPTP plus GDNF injection group. We found that exogenous GDNF injection into the mPFC led to an increase in dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) protein levels. We also observed that activating the protein kinase A pathway through DRD1 produced a prolonged antidepressant response. Under GDNF stimulation, the expression of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) remained constant, suggesting that the DRD2 signal was ineffective in alleviating depression-like symptoms. Moreover, our investigation involved Golgi staining and Western blot techniques, which found enhanced synaptic plasticity, including increased dendritic branches, dendritic spines and retrograde protection after GDNF treatment in Parkinson disease models. LIMITATIONS A subtle motor phenotype became evident only toward the conclusion of the behavioural testing period. The study exclusively involved male mice, and no separate control group receiving only GDNF treatment was included in the experimental design. CONCLUSION Our findings support a positive effect of exogenous GDNF on synaptic plasticity, mediated by DRD1 signalling in the mPFC, which could facilitate depression remission in Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehao Liu
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (Liu, Xue, Sun, C. Tang); the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China (Zhou); the Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (Y. Tang)
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (Liu, Xue, Sun, C. Tang); the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China (Zhou); the Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (Y. Tang)
| | - Ke Xue
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (Liu, Xue, Sun, C. Tang); the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China (Zhou); the Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (Y. Tang)
| | - Ruiao Sun
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (Liu, Xue, Sun, C. Tang); the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China (Zhou); the Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (Y. Tang)
| | - Yan Tang
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (Liu, Xue, Sun, C. Tang); the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China (Zhou); the Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (Y. Tang)
| | - Chuanxi Tang
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (Liu, Xue, Sun, C. Tang); the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China (Zhou); the Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Jiangsu, China (Y. Tang)
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Skylar-Scott IA, Sha SJ. Lewy Body Dementia: An Overview of Promising Therapeutics. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023; 23:581-592. [PMID: 37572228 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lewy body dementia (LBD) encompasses dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). This article will emphasize potential disease-modifying therapies as well as investigative symptomatic treatments for non-motor symptoms including cognitive impairment and psychosis that can present a tremendous burden to patients with LBD and their caregivers. RECENT FINDINGS We review 11 prospective disease-modifying therapies (DMT) including four with phase 2 data (neflamapimod, nilotinib, bosutinib, and E2027); four with some limited data in symptomatic populations including phase 1, open-label, registry, or cohort data (vodabatinib, ambroxol, clenbuterol, and terazosin); and three with phase 1 data in healthy populations (Anle138b, fosgonimeton, and CT1812). We also appraise four symptomatic therapies for cognitive impairment, but due to safety and efficacy concerns, only NYX-458 remains under active investigation. Of symptomatic therapies for psychosis recently investigated, pimavanserin shows promise in LBD, but studies of nelotanserin have been suspended. Although the discovery of novel symptomatic and disease-modifying therapeutics remains a significant challenge, recently published and upcoming trials signify promising strides toward that aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Skylar-Scott
- Memory Disorders Division, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 213 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Sharon J Sha
- Memory Disorders Division, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 213 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
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12
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Zhang Q, Duan Q, Gao Y, He P, Huang R, Huang H, Li Y, Ma G, Zhang Y, Nie K, Wang L. Cerebral Microvascular Injury Induced by Lag3-Dependent α-Synuclein Fibril Endocytosis Exacerbates Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of α-Synucleinopathies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301903. [PMID: 37381656 PMCID: PMC10477873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The pathological accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) and the transmission of misfolded α-Syn underlie α-synucleinopathies. Increased plasma α-Syn levels are associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies, but it is still unknown whether the cognitive deficits in α-synucleinopathies have a common vascular pathological origin. Here, it is reported that combined injection of α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) in the unilateral substantia nigra pars compacta, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex results in impaired spatial learning and memory abilities at 6 months post-injection and that this cognitive decline is related to cerebral microvascular injury. Moreover, insoluble α-Syn inclusions are found to form in primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) through lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag3)-dependent α-Syn PFFs endocytosis, causing poly(ADP-ribose)-driven cell death and reducing the expression of tight junction proteins in BMVECs. Knockout of Lag3 in vitro prevents α-Syn PFFs from entering BMVECs, thereby reducing the abovementioned response induced by α-Syn PFFs. Deletion of endothelial cell-specific Lag3 in vivo reverses the negative effects of α-Syn PFFs on cerebral microvessels and cognitive function. In short, this study reveals the effectiveness of targeting Lag3 to block the spread of α-Syn fibrils to endothelial cells in order to improve cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Zhang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou510100China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Qingrui Duan
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yuyuan Gao
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Peikun He
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yanyi Li
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Guixian Ma
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yuhu Zhang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Kun Nie
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
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Dovonou A, Bolduc C, Soto Linan V, Gora C, Peralta Iii MR, Lévesque M. Animal models of Parkinson's disease: bridging the gap between disease hallmarks and research questions. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:36. [PMID: 37468944 PMCID: PMC10354932 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. More than 200 years after its first clinical description, PD remains a serious affliction that affects a growing proportion of the population. Prevailing treatments only alleviate symptoms; there is still neither a cure that targets the neurodegenerative processes nor therapies that modify the course of the disease. Over the past decades, several animal models have been developed to study PD. Although no model precisely recapitulates the pathology, they still provide valuable information that contributes to our understanding of the disease and the limitations of our treatment options. This review comprehensively summarizes the different animal models available for Parkinson's research, with a focus on those induced by drugs, neurotoxins, pesticides, genetic alterations, α-synuclein inoculation, and viral vector injections. We highlight their characteristics and ability to reproduce PD-like phenotypes. It is essential to realize that the strengths and weaknesses of each model and the induction technique at our disposal are determined by the research question being asked. Our review, therefore, seeks to better aid researchers by ensuring a concrete discernment of classical and novel animal models in PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Dovonou
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Cyril Bolduc
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Victoria Soto Linan
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Charles Gora
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Modesto R Peralta Iii
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Martin Lévesque
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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14
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Dervişoğlu R, Antonschmidt L, Nimerovsky E, Sant V, Kim M, Ryazanov S, Leonov A, Carlos Fuentes-Monteverde J, Wegstroth M, Giller K, Mathies G, Giese A, Becker S, Griesinger C, Andreas LB. Anle138b interaction in α-synuclein aggregates by dynamic nuclear polarization NMR. Methods 2023; 214:18-27. [PMID: 37037308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that bind to oligomeric protein species such as membrane proteins and fibrils are of clinical interest for development of therapeutics and diagnostics. Definition of the binding site at atomic resolution via NMR is often challenging due to low binding stoichiometry of the small molecule. For fibrils and aggregation intermediates grown in the presence of lipids, we report atomic-resolution contacts to the small molecule at sub nm distance via solid-state NMR using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and orthogonally labelled samples of the protein and the small molecule. We apply this approach to α-synuclein (αS) aggregates in complex with the small molecule anle138b, which is a clinical drug candidate for disease modifying therapy. The small central pyrazole moiety of anle138b is detected in close proximity to the protein backbone and differences in the contacts between fibrils and early intermediates are observed. For intermediate species, the 100 K condition for DNP helps to preserve the aggregation state, while for both fibrils and oligomers, the DNP enhancement is essential to obtain sufficient sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rıza Dervişoğlu
- Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leif Antonschmidt
- Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evgeny Nimerovsky
- Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vrinda Sant
- Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Myeongkyu Kim
- Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Ryazanov
- Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany; Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany; Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Melanie Wegstroth
- Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karin Giller
- Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Armin Giese
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Loren B Andreas
- Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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15
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Masato A, Plotegher N, Terrin F, Sandre M, Faustini G, Thor A, Adams S, Berti G, Cogo S, De Lazzari F, Fontana CM, Martinez PA, Strong R, Bandopadhyay R, Bisaglia M, Bellucci A, Greggio E, Dalla Valle L, Boassa D, Bubacco L. DOPAL initiates αSynuclein-dependent impaired proteostasis and degeneration of neuronal projections in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:42. [PMID: 36966140 PMCID: PMC10039907 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine dyshomeostasis has been acknowledged among the determinants of nigrostriatal neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Several studies in experimental models and postmortem PD patients underlined increasing levels of the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), which is highly reactive towards proteins. DOPAL has been shown to covalently modify the presynaptic protein αSynuclein (αSyn), whose misfolding and aggregation represent a major trait of PD pathology, triggering αSyn oligomerization in dopaminergic neurons. Here, we demonstrated that DOPAL elicits αSyn accumulation and hampers αSyn clearance in primary neurons. DOPAL-induced αSyn buildup lessens neuronal resilience, compromises synaptic integrity, and overwhelms protein quality control pathways in neurites. The progressive decline of neuronal homeostasis further leads to dopaminergic neuron loss and motor impairment, as showed in in vivo models. Finally, we developed a specific antibody which detected increased DOPAL-modified αSyn in human striatal tissues from idiopathic PD patients, corroborating the translational relevance of αSyn-DOPAL interplay in PD neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Masato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Plotegher
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Terrin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Michele Sandre
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Gaia Faustini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Andrea Thor
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0608, USA
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0608, USA
| | - Stephen Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0608, USA
| | - Giulia Berti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Susanna Cogo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | | | | | - Paul Anthony Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care Network, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Department of Pharmacology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care Network, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Rina Bandopadhyay
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Boassa
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0608, USA.
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0608, USA.
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy.
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Paeoniflorin protects 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Neuroreport 2023; 34:255-266. [PMID: 36881748 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of paeoniflorin on oxidative stress and apoptosis in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mice. METHODS The effects of paeoniflorin on motor function in mice were evaluated by behavioral test. Then substantia nigra of mice were collected and neuronal damage was assessed using Nissl staining. Positive expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione were measured by biochemical method. terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay was used to detect apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons. Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), Bax and cleaved caspase-3. RESULTS Paeoniflorin treatment significantly ameliorated the motor performance impairment in MPTP-induced PD mice. Moreover, it notably increased the positive expression rate of TH and reduced the damage and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Furthermore, paeoniflorin increased the levels of SOD and glutathione and decreased the malondialdehyde content. It also promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increased the protein and mRNA expressions of HO-1 and Bcl-2 and reduced the protein and mRNA expressions of BCL2-Associated X2 (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3. Treatment with the Nrf2 inhibitor, ML385, notably reduced the effects of paeoniflorin in MPTP-induced PD mice. CONCLUSIONS Neuroprotective effects of paeoniflorin in MPTP-induced PD mice may be mediated via inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Forloni G. Alpha Synuclein: Neurodegeneration and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065914. [PMID: 36982988 PMCID: PMC10059798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) is one of the most important molecules involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and related disorders, synucleinopathies, but also in several other neurodegenerative disorders with a more elusive role. This review analyzes the activities of α-Syn, in different conformational states, monomeric, oligomeric and fibrils, in relation to neuronal dysfunction. The neuronal damage induced by α-Syn in various conformers will be analyzed in relation to its capacity to spread the intracellular aggregation seeds with a prion-like mechanism. In view of the prominent role of inflammation in virtually all neurodegenerative disorders, the activity of α-Syn will also be illustrated considering its influence on glial reactivity. We and others have described the interaction between general inflammation and cerebral dysfunctional activity of α-Syn. Differences in microglia and astrocyte activation have also been observed when in vivo the presence of α-Syn oligomers has been combined with a lasting peripheral inflammatory effect. The reactivity of microglia was amplified, while astrocytes were damaged by the double stimulus, opening new perspectives for the control of inflammation in synucleinopathies. Starting from our studies in experimental models, we extended the perspective to find useful pointers to orient future research and potential therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy
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Scott KM, Chong YT, Park S, Wijeyekoon RS, Hayat S, Mathews RJ, Fitzpatrick Z, Tyers P, Wright G, Whitby J, Barker RA, Hu MT, Williams-Gray CH, Clatworthy MR. B lymphocyte responses in Parkinson's disease and their possible significance in disease progression. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad060. [PMID: 36993946 PMCID: PMC10042276 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. We hypothesized that B lymphocytes are involved in Parkinson's disease progression. We measured antibodies to alpha-synuclein and tau in serum from patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (n = 79), early Parkinson's disease (n = 50) and matched controls (n = 50). Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder cases were stratified by risk of progression to Parkinson's disease (low risk = 30, high risk = 49). We also measured B-cell activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor receptor family, C-reactive protein and total immunoglobulin G. We found elevated levels of antibodies to alpha-synuclein fibrils in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder patients at high risk of Parkinson's disease conversion (ANOVA, P < 0.001) and lower S129D peptide-specific antibodies in those at low risk (ANOVA, P < 0.001). An early humoral response to alpha-synuclein is therefore detectable prior to the development of Parkinson's disease. Peripheral B lymphocyte phenotyping using flow cytometry in early Parkinson's disease patients and matched controls (n = 41 per group) revealed reduced B cells in Parkinson's disease, particularly in those at higher risk of developing an early dementia [t(3) = 2.87, P = 0.01]. Patients with a greater proportion of regulatory B cells had better motor scores [F(4,24) = 3.612, P = 0.019], suggesting they have a protective role in Parkinson's disease. In contrast, B cells isolated from Parkinson's disease patients at higher risk of dementia had greater cytokine (interleukin 6 and interleukin 10) responses following in vitro stimulation. We assessed peripheral blood lymphocytes in alpha-synuclein transgenic mouse models of Parkinson's disease: they also had reduced B cells, suggesting this is related to alpha-synuclein pathology. In a toxin-based mouse model of Parkinson's disease, B-cell deficiency or depletion resulted in worse pathological and behavioural outcomes, supporting the conclusion that B cells play an early protective role in dopaminergic cell loss. In conclusion, we found changes in the B-cell compartment associated with risk of disease progression in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (higher alpha-synuclein antibodies) and early Parkinson's disease (lower levels of B lymphocytes that were more reactive to stimulation). Regulatory B cells play a protective role in a mouse model, potentially by attenuating inflammation and dopaminergic cell loss. B cells are therefore likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, albeit in a complex way, and thus warrant consideration as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Scott
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Yen Ting Chong
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Seoyoung Park
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Ruwani S Wijeyekoon
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Shaista Hayat
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Rebeccah J Mathews
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Zachary Fitzpatrick
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Pam Tyers
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Georgia Wright
- University of Cambridge Clinical School of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Jennifer Whitby
- University of Cambridge Clinical School of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Michele T Hu
- Division of Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Caroline H Williams-Gray
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
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Protective mechanisms by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor against the α-synuclein accumulation in Parkinson's disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:245-257. [PMID: 36794783 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies constitute a disease family named after alpha-synuclein protein, which is a significant component of the intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies. Accompanying the progressive neurodegeneration, Lewy bodies and neurites are the main histopathologies of synucleinopathies. The complicated role of alpha-synuclein in the disease pathology makes it an attractive therapeutic target for disease-modifying treatments. GDNF is one of the most potent neurotrophic factors for dopamine neurons, whereas CDNF is protective and neurorestorative with entirely different mechanisms of action. Both have been in the clinical trials for the most common synucleinopathy, Parkinson's disease. With the AAV-GDNF clinical trials ongoing and the CDNF trial being finalized, their effects on abnormal alpha-synuclein accumulation are of great interest. Previous animal studies with an alpha-synuclein overexpression model have shown that GDNF was ineffective against alpha-synuclein accumulation. However, a recent study with cell culture and animal models of alpha-synuclein fibril inoculation has demonstrated the opposite by revealing that the GDNF/RET signaling cascade is required for the protective effect of GDNF on alpha-synuclein aggregation. CDNF, an ER resident protein, was shown to bind alpha-synuclein directly. CDNF reduced the uptake of alpha-synuclein fibrils by the neurons and alleviated the behavioral deficits induced by fibrils injected into the mouse brain. Thus, GDNF and CDNF can modulate different symptoms and pathologies of Parkinson's disease, and perhaps, similarly for other synucleinopathies. Their unique mechanisms for preventing alpha-synuclein-related pathology should be studied more carefully to develop disease-modifying therapies.
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20
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Zhang C, Chen S, Li X, Xu Q, Lin Y, Lin F, Yuan M, Zi Y, Cai J. Progress in Parkinson's disease animal models of genetic defects: Characteristics and application. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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21
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Electroacupuncture Modulates 5-HT 4R-Mediated cAMP/PKA Signaling to Improve Intestinal Motility Disorders in a Thy1- αSyn Parkinson's Mouse Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8659462. [PMID: 36337584 PMCID: PMC9635967 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8659462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Constipation is one of the most common nonmotor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and often occurs before motor symptoms. Electroacupuncture effectively improves the symptoms of constipation in patients with PD. In the present study, we used thymus cell antigen 1-α-synuclein (Thy1-αSyn) transgenic mice as a model of intestinal motility disorders in PD to determine the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture and the underlying mechanisms. Electroacupuncture significantly improved fecal excretion and accelerated the rate of small-intestinal propulsion in Thy1-αSyn mice by upregulating the serotonin concentration and the expression of the serotonin 4 receptor. Consequently, the downstream cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathway was affected, and to upregulate and downregulate, the expression of substance P was upregulated, and the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide was downregulated. In summary, electroacupuncture improved intestinal motility in PD mice by affecting serotonin levels, serotonin 4 receptor expression, and the cAMP/PKA pathway, providing a potentially effective and promising complementary and alternative therapy for relieving constipation symptoms in patients with PD.
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22
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Glymphatic System Dysfunction and Sleep Disturbance May Contribute to the Pathogenesis and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112928. [PMID: 36361716 PMCID: PMC9656009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multisystem alpha-synucleinopathic neurodegenerative disease and the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease with a high incidence rate in the elderly population. PD is highly multifactorial in etiology and has complex and wide-ranging pathogenic mechanisms. Environmental exposures and genetic predisposition are prominent risk factors. However, current evidence suggests that an intimate link may exist between the risk factor of sleep disturbance and PD pathogenesis. PD is characterized by the pathological hallmarks of alpha-synuclein aggregations and dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra. The loss of dopamine-producing neurons results in both motor and non-motor symptoms, most commonly, bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, psychiatric disorders, sleep disorders and gastrointestinal problems. Factors that may exacerbate alpha-synuclein accumulation and dopamine neuron loss include neuroinflammation and glymphatic system impairment. Extracellular alpha-synuclein can induce an inflammatory response which can lead to neural cell death and inhibition of neurogenesis. The glymphatic system functions most optimally to remove extracellular brain solutes during sleep and therefore sleep disruption may be a crucial progression factor as well as a risk factor. This literature review interprets and analyses data from experimental and epidemiological studies to determine the recent advances in establishing a relationship between glymphatic system dysfunction, sleep disturbance, and PD pathogenesis and progression. This review addresses current limitations surrounding the ability to affirm a causal link between improved glymphatic clearance by increased sleep quality in PD prevention and management. Furthermore, this review proposes potential therapeutic approaches that could utilize the protective mechanism of sleep, to promote glymphatic clearance that therefore may reduce disease progression as well as symptom severity in PD patients.
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23
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Antonschmidt L, Matthes D, Dervişoğlu R, Frieg B, Dienemann C, Leonov A, Nimerovsky E, Sant V, Ryazanov S, Giese A, Schröder GF, Becker S, de Groot BL, Griesinger C, Andreas LB. The clinical drug candidate anle138b binds in a cavity of lipidic α-synuclein fibrils. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5385. [PMID: 36104315 PMCID: PMC9474542 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32797-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins is a characteristic of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Atomic resolution of small molecule binding to such pathological protein aggregates is of interest for the development of therapeutics and diagnostics. Here we investigate the interaction between α-synuclein fibrils and anle138b, a clinical drug candidate for disease modifying therapy in neurodegeneration and a promising scaffold for positron emission tomography tracer design. We used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of α-synuclein fibrils grown in the presence of lipids to locate anle138b within a cavity formed between two β-strands. We explored and quantified multiple binding modes of the compound in detail using molecular dynamics simulations. Our results reveal stable polar interactions between anle138b and backbone moieties inside the tubular cavity of the fibrils. Such cavities are common in other fibril structures as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Antonschmidt
- NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Matthes
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rıza Dervişoğlu
- NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Benedikt Frieg
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Dienemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - Evgeny Nimerovsky
- NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vrinda Sant
- NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Ryazanov
- NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - Armin Giese
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gunnar F Schröder
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Physics Department, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bert L de Groot
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christian Griesinger
- NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Loren B Andreas
- NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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24
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Liu X, Balaraman K, Lynch CC, Hebron M, Shah PK, Hu S, Stevenson M, Wolf C, Moussa C. Inhibition of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease-13 Improves Behavioral Performance in Alpha-Synuclein Expressing Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158131. [PMID: 35897705 PMCID: PMC9330474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-Specific Protease-13 (USP13) promotes protein de-ubiquitination. USP13 levels are upregulated in post-mortem Parkinson's disease, whereas USP13 knockdown via shRNA reduces alpha-synuclein levels in animal models. We studied the role of USP13 in knockout mice expressing lentiviral human alpha-synuclein and investigated the impact of a small molecule inhibitor of USP13, BK50118-C, on alpha-synuclein pathology and animal behavior. Alpha-synuclein was expressed unilaterally in substantia nigra (SN) of USP13 deficient mice that were treated with a daily intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg BK50118-C or DMSO for four consecutive weeks, and behavioral and functional assays were performed. Wild-type USP13+/+ mice expressing lentiviral human alpha-synuclein showed motor and behavioral defects that were not seen in partially (USP13+/-) or completely (USP13-/-) deficient USP13 mice. BK50118-C displayed a wide and favorable therapeutic dose range in vivo. Treatment with BK50118-C significantly reduced ubiquitinated alpha-synuclein, increased dopamine levels, and improved motor and behavioral symptoms in wild-type (USP13+/+), but not USP13 deficient, mice. These data suggest that USP13 is critical to the neuropathology of alpha-synuclein, whereas a novel small molecule inhibitor of USP13 is a potential therapeutic agent of alpha-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (M.H.); (P.K.S.); (S.H.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (C.M.); Tel.: +1-202-687-7328 (C.M.); Fax: +1-202-687-7378 (C.M.)
| | - Kaluvu Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University & Medicinal Chemistry Shared Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (K.B.); (C.C.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Ciarán C. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University & Medicinal Chemistry Shared Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (K.B.); (C.C.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Michaeline Hebron
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (M.H.); (P.K.S.); (S.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Priya Ketankumar Shah
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (M.H.); (P.K.S.); (S.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Shicheng Hu
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (M.H.); (P.K.S.); (S.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Max Stevenson
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (M.H.); (P.K.S.); (S.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University & Medicinal Chemistry Shared Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (K.B.); (C.C.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Charbel Moussa
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Lewy Body Dementia Association, Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (M.H.); (P.K.S.); (S.H.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (C.M.); Tel.: +1-202-687-7328 (C.M.); Fax: +1-202-687-7378 (C.M.)
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25
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Levin J, Sing N, Melbourne S, Morgan A, Mariner C, Spillantini MG, Wegrzynowicz M, Dalley JW, Langer S, Ryazanov S, Leonov A, Griesinger C, Schmidt F, Weckbecker D, Prager K, Matthias T, Giese A. Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the oligomer modulator anle138b with exposure levels sufficient for therapeutic efficacy in a murine Parkinson model: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1a trial. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104021. [PMID: 35500536 PMCID: PMC9065877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synucleinopathies such as Parkinson ́s disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) are characterized by deposition of misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein. Small aggregates (oligomers) of α-synuclein have been shown to be the most relevant neurotoxic species and are targeted by anle138b, an orally bioavailable small molecule compound which shows strong disease-modifying effects in animal models of synucleinopathies. METHODS Anle138b was studied in a single-centre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled single ascending dose (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD) study in healthy subjects. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (1:1 for sentinel subjects and 1:5 for main group) to placebo or anle138b (dose range 50 mg to 300 mg per day), respectively. In addition, the effect of food on the pharmakokinetics of anle138b in healthy subjects was examined in doses of 150 mg per day. Participants were randomized to treatment sequence (fed→fasted) or (fasted→fed). Treatment was administered orally in hard gelatine capsules containing either 10 mg or 30 mg of anle138b or excipient only. The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability, the secondary endpoint was pharmakokinetics. Data from all randomized individuals were evaluated. CLINICALTRIALS gov-identifier: NCT04208152. EudraCT-number: 2019-004218-33. FINDINGS Between December 17th, 2019 and June 27th, 2020 196 healthy volunteers were screened and 68 participants were enrolled. Of these, all completed the study per protocol. There were no major protocol deviations. Adverse events in this healthy volunteer trial were mostly mild and all fully recovered or resolved prior to discharge. From baseline to completion of the trial no medically significant individual changes were observed in any system organ class. Already at multiple doses of 200 mg, exposure levels above the fully effective exposure in the MI2 mouse Parkinson model were observed. INTERPRETATION The favourable safety and PK profile of anle138b in doses resulting in exposures above the fully effective plasma level in a mouse Parkinson model warrant further clinical trials in patients with synucleinopathies. FUNDING This study was funded by MODAG GmbH and by the Michael J. Fox foundation for Parkinson's Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Levin
- MODAG GmbH, Wendelsheim, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.; Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
| | - Nand Sing
- Quotient Sciences, Mere Way, Ruddington Fields, Ruddington, Nottingham NG11 6JS, UK
| | - Sue Melbourne
- Quotient Sciences, Mere Way, Ruddington Fields, Ruddington, Nottingham NG11 6JS, UK
| | - Amber Morgan
- Quotient Sciences, Mere Way, Ruddington Fields, Ruddington, Nottingham NG11 6JS, UK
| | - Carla Mariner
- Quotient Sciences, Mere Way, Ruddington Fields, Ruddington, Nottingham NG11 6JS, UK
| | - Maria Grazia Spillantini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, The Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Michal Wegrzynowicz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, The Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK.; Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Hershel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SZ
| | - Simon Langer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Sergey Ryazanov
- MODAG GmbH, Wendelsheim, Germany; Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- MODAG GmbH, Wendelsheim, Germany; Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Armin Giese
- MODAG GmbH, Wendelsheim, Germany; Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
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26
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Lopez-Cuina M, Meissner WG. Targeting alpha-synuclein or tau for treating neurodegenerative movement disorders. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2022; 178:460-471. [PMID: 35562199 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The two commonest groups of neurodegenerative disorders causing movement disorders are synucleinopathies and tauopathies. These disorders are characterised by the accumulation of abnormally misfolded forms of α-synuclein and tau proteins. Our current understanding of their pathogenesis suggests that extracellular forms of these proteins are of major relevance to the mechanism of pathology propagation throughout the brain and disease progression. The most novel approaches to find disease-modifying therapies aim to reduce or block these forms of tau and α-synuclein. This article reviews therapeutic strategies targeting α-synuclein and tau protein which have entered clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lopez-Cuina
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - W G Meissner
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, IMNc, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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27
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Menon S, Armstrong S, Hamzeh A, Visanji NP, Sardi SP, Tandon A. Alpha-Synuclein Targeting Therapeutics for Parkinson's Disease and Related Synucleinopathies. Front Neurol 2022; 13:852003. [PMID: 35614915 PMCID: PMC9124903 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.852003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (asyn) is a key pathogenetic factor in a group of neurodegenerative diseases generically known as synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Although the initial triggers of pathology and progression are unclear, multiple lines of evidence support therapeutic targeting of asyn in order to limit its prion-like misfolding. Here, we review recent pre-clinical and clinical work that offers promising treatment strategies to sequester, degrade, or silence asyn expression as a means to reduce the levels of seed or substrate. These diverse approaches include removal of aggregated asyn with passive or active immunization or by expression of vectorized antibodies, modulating kinetics of misfolding with small molecule anti-aggregants, lowering asyn gene expression by antisense oligonucleotides or inhibitory RNA, and pharmacological activation of asyn degradation pathways. We also discuss recent technological advances in combining low intensity focused ultrasound with intravenous microbubbles to transiently increase blood-brain barrier permeability for improved brain delivery and target engagement of these large molecule anti-asyn biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Menon
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabrina Armstrong
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amir Hamzeh
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naomi P. Visanji
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anurag Tandon
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Initiation and progression of α-synuclein pathology in Parkinson’s disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:210. [PMID: 35347432 PMCID: PMC8960654 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein aggregation is a critical molecular process that underpins the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Aggregates may originate at synaptic terminals as a consequence of aberrant interactions between α-synuclein and lipids or evasion of proteostatic defences. The nature of these interactions is likely to influence the emergence of conformers or strains that in turn could explain the clinical heterogeneity of Parkinson’s disease and related α-synucleinopathies. For neurodegeneration to occur, α-synuclein assemblies need to exhibit seeding competency, i.e. ability to template further aggregation, and toxicity which is at least partly mediated by interference with synaptic vesicle or organelle homeostasis. Given the dynamic and reversible conformational plasticity of α-synuclein, it is possible that seeding competency and cellular toxicity are mediated by assemblies of different structure or size along this continuum. It is currently unknown which α-synuclein assemblies are the most relevant to the human condition but recent advances in the cryo-electron microscopic characterisation of brain-derived fibrils and their assessment in stem cell derived and animal models are likely to facilitate the development of precision therapies or biomarkers. This review summarises the main principles of α-synuclein aggregate initiation and propagation in model systems, and their relevance to clinical translation.
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Alzghool OM, van Dongen G, van de Giessen E, Schoonmade L, Beaino W. α-Synuclein Radiotracer Development and In Vivo Imaging: Recent Advancements and New Perspectives. Mov Disord 2022; 37:936-948. [PMID: 35289424 PMCID: PMC9310945 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synucleinopathies including idiopathic Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple systems atrophy share overlapping symptoms and pathological hallmarks. Selective neurodegeneration and Lewy pathology are the main hallmarks of α-synucleinopathies. Currently, there is no imaging biomarker suitable for a definitive early diagnosis of α-synucleinopathies. Although dopaminergic deficits detected with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers can support clinical diagnosis by confirming the presence of dopaminergic neurodegeneration, dopaminergic imaging cannot visualize the preceding disease process, nor distinguish α-synucleinopathies from tauopathies with dopaminergic neurodegeneration, especially at early symptomatic disease stage when clinical presentation is often overlapping. Aggregated α-synuclein (αSyn) could be a suitable imaging biomarker in α-synucleinopathies, because αSyn aggregation and therefore, Lewy pathology is evidently an early driver of α-synucleinopathies pathogenesis. Additionally, several antibodies and small molecule compounds targeting aggregated αSyn are in development for therapy. However, there is no way to directly measure if or how much they lower the levels of aggregated αSyn in the brain. There is clearly a paramount diagnostic and therapeutic unmet medical need. To date, aggregated αSyn and Lewy pathology inclusion bodies cannot be assessed ante-mortem with SPECT or PET imaging because of the suboptimal binding characteristics and/or physicochemical properties of current radiotracers. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the suitability of aggregated αSyn as an imaging biomarker in α-synucleinopathies, the current limitations with and lessons learned from αSyn radiotracer development, and finally to propose antibody-based ligands for imaging αSyn aggregates as a complementary tool rather than an alternative to small molecule ligands. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obada M Alzghool
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Guus van Dongen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Schoonmade
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ni R, Nitsch RM. Recent Developments in Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for Proteinopathies Imaging in Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:751897. [PMID: 35046791 PMCID: PMC8761855 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.751897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An early detection and intervention for dementia represent tremendous unmet clinical needs and priorities in society. A shared feature of neurodegenerative diseases causing dementia is the abnormal accumulation and spreading of pathological protein aggregates, which affect the selective vulnerable circuit in a disease-specific pattern. The advancement in positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers has accelerated the understanding of the disease mechanism and development of therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The clinical utility of amyloid-β PET and the clinical validity of tau PET as diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer's disease continuum have been demonstrated. The inclusion of biomarkers in the diagnostic criteria has introduced a paradigm shift that facilitated the early and differential disease diagnosis and impacted on the clinical management. Application of disease-modifying therapy likely requires screening of patients with molecular evidence of pathological accumulation and monitoring of treatment effect assisted with biomarkers. There is currently still a gap in specific 4-repeat tau imaging probes for 4-repeat tauopathies and α-synuclein imaging probes for Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy body. In this review, we focused on recent development in molecular imaging biomarkers for assisting the early diagnosis of proteinopathies (i.e., amyloid-β, tau, and α-synuclein) in dementia and discussed future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M. Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Grosso Jasutkar H, Oh SE, Mouradian MM. Therapeutics in the Pipeline Targeting α-Synuclein for Parkinson's Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:207-237. [PMID: 35017177 PMCID: PMC11034868 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and the fastest growing neurologic disease in the world, yet no disease-modifying therapy is available for this disabling condition. Multiple lines of evidence implicate the protein α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the pathogenesis of PD, and as such, there is intense interest in targeting α-Syn for potential disease modification. α-Syn is also a key pathogenic protein in other synucleionpathies, most commonly dementia with Lewy bodies. Thus, therapeutics targeting this protein will have utility in these disorders as well. Here we discuss the various approaches that are being investigated to prevent and mitigate α-Syn toxicity in PD, including clearing its pathologic aggregates from the brain using immunization strategies, inhibiting its misfolding and aggregation, reducing its expression level, enhancing cellular clearance mechanisms, preventing its cell-to-cell transmission within the brain and perhaps from the periphery, and targeting other proteins associated with or implicated in PD that contribute to α-Syn toxicity. We also discuss the therapeutics in the pipeline that harness these strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for the field in the discovery and development of therapeutics for disease modification in PD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, for which disease-modifying therapies remain a major unmet need. A large body of evidence points to α-synuclein as a key pathogenic protein in this disease as well as in dementia with Lewy bodies, making it of leading therapeutic interest. This review discusses the various approaches being investigated and progress made to date toward discovering and developing therapeutics that would slow and stop progression of these disabling diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Grosso Jasutkar
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Stephanie E Oh
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - M Maral Mouradian
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Pagan FL, Torres‐Yaghi Y, Hebron ML, Wilmarth B, Turner RS, Matar S, Ferrante D, Ahn J, Moussa C. Safety, target engagement, and biomarker effects of bosutinib in dementia with Lewy bodies. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2022; 8:e12296. [PMID: 35662832 PMCID: PMC9157583 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando L. Pagan
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism Department of Neurology Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Movement Disorders Clinic Department of Neurology Washington DC USA
| | - Yasar Torres‐Yaghi
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism Department of Neurology Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Movement Disorders Clinic Department of Neurology Washington DC USA
| | - Michaeline L. Hebron
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism Department of Neurology Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - Barbara Wilmarth
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism Department of Neurology Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Movement Disorders Clinic Department of Neurology Washington DC USA
| | - R. Scott Turner
- Memory Disorders Program Department of Neurology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - Sara Matar
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism Department of Neurology Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - Dalila Ferrante
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism Department of Neurology Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - Jaeil Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics Bioinformatics and Biomathematics Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - Charbel Moussa
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism Department of Neurology Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
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Neuroprotective effect of paeoniflorin in the mouse model of Parkinson's disease through α-synuclein/protein kinase C δ subtype signaling pathway. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1379-1387. [PMID: 34718250 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Paeoniflorin, an active component of Radix Paeoniae Alba, has a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson's animal models. However, its mechanism of action remains to be determined. METHODS In this study, we hypothesized that the neuroprotective effect of paeoniflorin occurs through the α-synuclein/protein kinase C δ subtype (PKC-δ) signaling pathway. We tested our hypothesis in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. We evaluated the effects of paeoniflorin on the expression levels of signal components of the α-synuclein/PKC-δ pathway, cellular apoptosis and motor performance. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that paeoniflorin restored the motor performance impairment caused by MPTP, inhibited apoptosis, and protected the ultrastructure of neurons. Paeoniflorin treatment also resulted in the dose-dependent upregulation of an antiapoptotic protein, B-cell lymphoma-2, at the mRNA and protein levels, similar to the effects of the positive control, selegiline. In contrast, paeoniflorin treatment downregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins BCL2-Associated X2, α-synuclein, and PKC-δ at the mRNA and protein levels, as well as the level of the activated form of nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB p65). CONCLUSIONS Thus, our results showed that paeoniflorin exerts its neuroprotective effect by regulating the α-synuclein/PKC-δ signaling pathway to reduce neuronal apoptosis.
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[Neuroprotective treatment of idiopathic, genetic and atypical Parkinson's disease with alpha-synuclein-Pathology]. DER NERVENARZT 2021; 92:1249-1259. [PMID: 34735584 PMCID: PMC8648656 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Kernpunkt der Klassifikation neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen ist der histopathologische Nachweis von Ablagerungen bestimmter Proteine im Gehirn. Hierbei unterscheiden sich die verschiedenen Krankheitsentitäten sowohl hinsichtlich der Art der nachweisbaren Proteine als auch hinsichtlich der Konfiguration und Lokalisation der entsprechenden Proteinaggregate. Gemeinsames Kernmerkmal der als Synukleinopathien zusammengefassten Erkrankungen sind Ablagerungen des Proteins α‑Synuklein (ASYN). Die bekanntesten Erkrankungen dieses Spektrums sind die Parkinson-Krankheit (PK) mit neuronalem Nachweis von Lewy-Körperchen, die Demenz vom Lewy-Körper-Typ (DLK) mit zusätzlichem Nachweis von β‑Amyloid-Ablagerungen sowie die seltene Multisystematrophie (MSA) mit glialem Nachweis sog. Papp-Lantos-Körperchen. Da neben der diagnostischen mittlerweile auch die zentrale pathophysiologische Bedeutung des ASYN erwiesen ist, fokussiert sich die Entwicklung neuer Therapien aktuell auf die Beeinflussung der toxischen Wirkung dieses Proteins. Die verschiedenen Therapiekonzepte lassen sich grob in sechs Gruppen zusammenfassen: 1. die Verringerung der ASYN-Expression (Antisense-Therapie), 2. die Verhinderung der Bildung toxischer ASYN-Aggregate (Antiaggregativa, Chelatoren), 3. das Auflösen bzw. die Beseitigung intra- oder extrazellulärer toxischer ASYN-Aggregate (aktive und passive Immuntherapie, Antiaggregativa), 4. die Verstärkung zellulärer Abräummechanismen (Autophagie, lysosomale Mikrophagie) zur Beseitigung toxischer Formen von α‑Synuklein, 5. die Modulation neuroinflammatorischer Prozesse sowie 6. neuroprotektive Strategien. In diesem Artikel fassen wir die aktuellen Therapieentwicklungen zusammen und geben einen Ausblick auf vielversprechende zukünftige Therapieansätze.
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Li H, Wu S, Ma X, Li X, Cheng T, Chen Z, Wu J, Lv L, Li L, Xu L, Wang W, Hu Y, Jiang H, Yin Y, Qiu Z, Hu X. Co-editing PINK1 and DJ-1 Genes Via Adeno-Associated Virus-Delivered CRISPR/Cas9 System in Adult Monkey Brain Elicits Classical Parkinsonian Phenotype. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1271-1288. [PMID: 34165772 PMCID: PMC8423927 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether direct manipulation of Parkinson's disease (PD) risk genes in the adult monkey brain can elicit a Parkinsonian phenotype remains an unsolved issue. Here, we used an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-delivered CRISPR/Cas9 system to directly co-edit PINK1 and DJ-1 genes in the substantia nigras (SNs) of two monkey groups: an old group and a middle-aged group. After the operation, the old group exhibited all the classic PD symptoms, including bradykinesia, tremor, and postural instability, accompanied by key pathological hallmarks of PD, such as severe nigral dopaminergic neuron loss (>64%) and evident α-synuclein pathology in the gene-edited SN. In contrast, the phenotype of their middle-aged counterparts, which also showed clear PD symptoms and pathological hallmarks, were less severe. In addition to the higher final total PD scores and more severe pathological changes, the old group were also more susceptible to gene editing by showing a faster process of PD progression. These results suggested that both genetic and aging factors played important roles in the development of PD in the monkeys. Taken together, this system can effectively develop a large number of genetically-edited PD monkeys in a short time (6-10 months), and thus provides a practical transgenic monkey model for future PD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tianlin Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhifang Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Longbao Lv
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650107, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Li
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Liqi Xu
- Ultrasound diagnosis Department, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Yingzhou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Haisong Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650021, China.
| | - Zilong Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xintian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650107, Kunming, China.
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Van Den Berge N, Ferreira N, Mikkelsen TW, Alstrup AKO, Tamgüney G, Karlsson P, Terkelsen AJ, Nyengaard JR, Jensen PH, Borghammer P. Ageing promotes pathological alpha-synuclein propagation and autonomic dysfunction in wild-type rats. Brain 2021; 144:1853-1868. [PMID: 33880502 PMCID: PMC8320301 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal aggregates of misfolded alpha-synuclein protein are found in the brain and periphery of patients with Parkinson's disease. Braak and colleagues have hypothesized that the initial formation of misfolded alpha-synuclein may start in the gut, and then spread to the brain via peripheral autonomic nerves hereby affecting several organs, including the heart and intestine. Age is considered the greatest risk factor for Parkinson's disease, but the effect of age on the formation of pathology and its propagation has not been studied in detail. We aimed to investigate whether propagation of alpha-synuclein pathology from the gut to the brain is more efficient in old versus young wild-type rats, upon gastrointestinal injection of aggregated alpha-synuclein. Our results demonstrate a robust age-dependent gut-to-brain and brain-to-gut spread of alpha-synuclein pathology along the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, resulting in age-dependent dysfunction of the heart and stomach, as observed in patients with Parkinson's disease. Moreover, alpha-synuclein pathology is more densely packed and resistant to enzymatic digestion in old rats, indicating an age-dependent maturation of alpha-synuclein aggregates. Our study is the first to provide a detailed investigation of alpha-synuclein pathology in several organs within one animal model, including the brain, skin, heart, intestine, spinal cord and autonomic ganglia. Taken together, our findings suggest that age is a crucial factor for alpha-synuclein aggregation and complete propagation to heart, stomach and skin, similar to patients. Given that age is the greatest risk factor for human Parkinson's disease, it seems likely that older experimental animals will yield the most relevant and reliable findings. These results have important implications for future research to optimize diagnostics and therapeutics in Parkinson's disease and other age-associated synucleinopathies. Increased emphasis should be placed on using aged animals in preclinical studies and to elucidate the nature of age-dependent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Van Den Berge
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nelson Ferreira
- DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gültekin Tamgüney
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Páll Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Astrid Juhl Terkelsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Guo YJ, Ayton S, Lei P. Iron reduces the propagation of pathological α-synuclein: An Editorial Highlight for "Brain iron enrichment attenuates α-synuclein spreading after injection of preformed fibrils". J Neurochem 2021; 159:414-416. [PMID: 34296424 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron accumulation and α-synuclein aggregates (e.g., Lewy bodies) have been linked with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), with yet-to-be-determined interaction. Previous studies have indicated that iron binds to α-synuclein and triggers its aggregation in vitro, and iron is found enriched in Lewy bodies. In the current study, Joppe et al. have found that the propagation of pathological α-synuclein caused by intrastriatal α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs) injection was unexpectedly attenuated in rodent brains in a model of brain iron elevation (neonatal iron feeding). PFFs stimulated microglial activation was also reduced in mice with elevated iron. These results may provide new insight into the complex interaction between these two key pathologies of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Guo
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.,West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and mental Health, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
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Heras-Garvin A, Refolo V, Schmidt C, Malfertheiner K, Wenning GK, Bradbury M, Stamler D, Stefanova N. ATH434 Reduces α-Synuclein-Related Neurodegeneration in a Murine Model of Multiple System Atrophy. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2605-2614. [PMID: 34236731 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn) in oligodendrocytes and accompanied by striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar degeneration and motor symptoms. Key features of MSA are replicated in the PLP-α-syn transgenic mouse, including progressive striatonigral degeneration and motor deterioration. There are currently no approved treatments for MSA. ATH434 is a novel, orally bioavailable brain penetrant small molecule inhibitor of α-syn aggregation. OBJECTIVES To characterize ATH434 for disease modification in a mouse model of MSA. METHODS Six-month-old PLP-α-syn mice (MSA mice) were ATH434-treated (ATH434 in food) or untreated (normal food) for 6 months. Motor behavior and numbers of nigral and striatal neurons were evaluated. α-syn aggregates and oligomers were quantified by immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation were assessed by histological and molecular analyses. Ferric iron in the Substantia nigra was evaluated with the Perls method. RESULTS ATH434-treated mice demonstrated preservation of motor performance in MSA mice that was associated with neuroprotection of nigral and striatal neurons. The rescue of the phenotype correlated with the reduction of α-syn inclusions and oligomers in animals receiving ATH434. ATH434-treated mice exhibited significantly increased lysosomal activity of microglia without increased pro-inflammatory markers, suggesting a role in α-syn clearing. ATH434-treatment was associated with lower intracellular nigral iron levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the beneficial disease-modifying effect of ATH434 in oligodendroglial α-synucleinopathy on both the motor phenotype and neurodegenerative pathology in the PLP-α-syn transgenic mouse and support the development of ATH434 for MSA. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Heras-Garvin
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Violetta Refolo
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudio Schmidt
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katja Malfertheiner
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Nadia Stefanova
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Cui W, Yang X, Chen X, Xiao D, Zhu J, Zhang M, Qin X, Ma X, Lin Y. Treating LRRK2‐Related Parkinson's Disease by Inhibiting the mTOR Signaling Pathway to Restore Autophagy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202105152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Dexuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Junyao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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40
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Martinez Hernandez A, Silbern I, Geffers I, Tatenhorst L, Becker S, Urlaub H, Zweckstetter M, Griesinger C, Eichele G. Low-Expressing Synucleinopathy Mouse Models Based on Oligomer-Forming Mutations and C-Terminal Truncation of α-Synuclein. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:643391. [PMID: 34220415 PMCID: PMC8248494 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.643391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein (αSyn) is the main protein component of Lewy bodies, intracellular inclusions found in the brain of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Neurotoxic αSyn species are broadly modified post-translationally and, in patients with genetic forms of PD, carry genetically encoded amino acid substitutions. Mutations and C-terminal truncation can increase αSyn oligomerization and fibrillization. Although several genetic mouse models based on αSyn mutations and/or truncations exist, there is still a lack of mouse models for synucleinopathies not relying on overexpression. We report here two synucleinopathy mouse models, which are based on a triple alanine to proline mutation and a C-terminal truncation of αSyn, but do not overexpress the mutant protein when compared to the endogenous mouse protein. We knocked hαSyn TP or hαSynΔ119 (h stands for "human") into the murine αSyn locus. hαSynTP is a structure-based mutant with triple alanine to proline substitutions that favors oligomers, is neurotoxic and evokes PD-like symptoms in Drosophila melanogaster. hαSynΔ119 lacks 21 amino acids at the C-terminus, favors fibrillary aggregates and occurs in PD. Knocking-in of hαSyn TP or hαSynΔ119 into the murine αSyn locus places the mutant protein under the control of the endogenous regulatory elements while simultaneously disrupting the mαSyn gene. Mass spectrometry revealed that hαSyn TP and hαSynΔ119 mice produced 12 and 10 times less mutant protein, compared to mαSyn in wild type mice. We show phenotypes in 1 and 1.5 years old hαSyn TP and hαSynΔ119 mice, despite the lower levels of hαSynTP and hαSynΔ119 expression. Direct comparison of the two mouse models revealed many commonalities but also aspects unique to each model. Commonalities included strong immunoactive state, impaired olfaction and motor coordination deficits. Neither model showed DAergic neuronal loss. Impaired climbing abilities at 1 year of age and a deviant gait pattern at 1.5 years old were specific for hαSynΔ119 mice, while a compulsive behavior was exclusively detected in hαSyn TP mice starting at 1 year of age. We conclude that even at very moderate levels of expression the two αSyn variants evoke measurable and progressive deficiencies in mutant mice. The two transgenic mouse models can thus be suitable to study αSyn-variant-based pathology in vivo and test new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martinez Hernandez
- Genes and Behavior Department, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Silbern
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Insa Geffers
- Genes and Behavior Department, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Tatenhorst
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- NMR-Based Structural Biology Department, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,NMR-Based Structural Biology Department, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany.,NMR-Based Structural Biology Department, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gregor Eichele
- Genes and Behavior Department, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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Caló L, Hidari E, Wegrzynowicz M, Dalley JW, Schneider BL, Podgajna M, Anichtchik O, Carlson E, Klenerman D, Spillantini MG. CSPα reduces aggregates and rescues striatal dopamine release in α-synuclein transgenic mice. Brain 2021; 144:1661-1669. [PMID: 33760024 PMCID: PMC8320296 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein aggregation at the synapse is an early event in Parkinson's disease and is associated with impaired striatal synaptic function and dopaminergic neuronal death. The cysteine string protein (CSPα) and α-synuclein have partially overlapping roles in maintaining synaptic function and mutations in each cause neurodegenerative diseases. CSPα is a member of the DNAJ/HSP40 family of co-chaperones and like α-synuclein, chaperones the SNARE complex assembly and controls neurotransmitter release. α-Synuclein can rescue neurodegeneration in CSPαKO mice. However, whether α-synuclein aggregation alters CSPα expression and function is unknown. Here we show that α-synuclein aggregation at the synapse is associated with a decrease in synaptic CSPα and a reduction in the complexes that CSPα forms with HSC70 and STGa. We further show that viral delivery of CSPα rescues in vitro the impaired vesicle recycling in PC12 cells with α-synuclein aggregates and in vivo reduces synaptic α-synuclein aggregates increasing monomeric α-synuclein and restoring normal dopamine release in 1-120hαSyn mice. These novel findings reveal a mechanism by which α-synuclein aggregation alters CSPα at the synapse, and show that CSPα rescues α-synuclein aggregation-related phenotype in 1-120hαSyn mice similar to the effect of α-synuclein in CSPαKO mice. These results implicate CSPα as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of early-stage Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Caló
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Correspondence may also be addressed to: Dr Laura Caló E-mail:
| | - Eric Hidari
- Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michal Wegrzynowicz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychiatry, Hershel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bernard L Schneider
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martyna Podgajna
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oleg Anichtchik
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Carlson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Klenerman
- Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Grazia Spillantini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Correspondence to: Prof. Maria Grazia Spillantini Department of Clinical Neurosciences Clifford Allbutt Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK E-mail:
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Liu J, Ting JP, Al-Azzam S, Ding Y, Afshar S. Therapeutic Advances in Diabetes, Autoimmune, and Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062805. [PMID: 33802091 PMCID: PMC8001105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, 170 small molecules, 60 antibody-based entities, 12 peptides, and 15 gene- or cell-therapies have been approved by FDA for diverse disease indications. Recent advancement in medicine is facilitated by identification of new targets and mechanisms of actions, advancement in discovery and development platforms, and the emergence of novel technologies. Early disease detection, precision intervention, and personalized treatments have revolutionized patient care in the last decade. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of current and emerging therapeutic modalities developed in the recent years. We focus on nine diseases in three major therapeutics areas, diabetes, autoimmune, and neurological disorders. The pathogenesis of each disease at physiological and molecular levels is discussed and recently approved drugs as well as drugs in the clinic are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsha Liu
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Joey Paolo Ting
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shams Al-Azzam
- Professional Scientific Services, Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, PA 17605, USA;
| | - Yun Ding
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Sepideh Afshar
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
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43
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Codron P, Letournel F, Marty S, Renaud L, Bodin A, Duchesne M, Verny C, Lenaers G, Duyckaerts C, Julien J, Cassereau J, Chevrollier A. STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) reveals the nanoscale organization of pathological aggregates in human brain. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:127-142. [PMID: 32688444 PMCID: PMC7891317 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Histological analysis of brain tissue samples provides valuable information about the pathological processes leading to common neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, the development of novel high-resolution imaging approaches is a current challenge in neuroscience. METHODS To this end, we used a recent super-resolution imaging technique called STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) to analyse human brain sections. We combined STORM cell imaging protocols with neuropathological techniques to image cryopreserved brain samples from control subjects and patients with neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS This approach allowed us to perform 2D-, 3D- and two-colour-STORM in neocortex, white matter and brainstem samples. STORM proved to be particularly effective at visualizing the organization of dense protein inclusions and we imaged with a <50 nm resolution pathological aggregates within the central nervous system of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia and fronto-temporal lobar degeneration. Aggregated Aβ branches appeared reticulated and cross-linked in the extracellular matrix, with widths from 60 to 240 nm. Intraneuronal Tau and TDP-43 inclusions were denser, with a honeycomb pattern in the soma and a filamentous organization in the axons. Finally, STORM imaging of α-synuclein pathology revealed the internal organization of Lewy bodies that could not be observed by conventional fluorescence microscopy. CONCLUSIONS STORM imaging of human brain samples opens further gates to a more comprehensive understanding of common neurological disorders. The convenience of this technique should open a straightforward extension of its application for super-resolution imaging of the human brain, with promising avenues to current challenges in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Codron
- Service de NeurologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire d’AngersAngersFrance
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et NeuropathologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire d’AngersAngersFrance
- Équipe MitolabInstitut MITOVASCINSERM U1083CNRS 6015Université d'AngersAngersFrance
| | - F. Letournel
- Service de NeurologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire d’AngersAngersFrance
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et NeuropathologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire d’AngersAngersFrance
| | - S. Marty
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreINSERM U1127CNRS UMR7225Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - L. Renaud
- CERVO Brain Research Centre2601 Chemin de la CanardièreQuébecQCCanada
| | - A. Bodin
- Équipe MitolabInstitut MITOVASCINSERM U1083CNRS 6015Université d'AngersAngersFrance
| | - M. Duchesne
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie PathologiqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire DupuytrenLimogesFrance
- Centre de Référence des Neuropathies Périphériques RaresCentre Hospitalier Universitaire DupuytrenLimogesFrance
| | - C. Verny
- Service de NeurologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire d’AngersAngersFrance
- Équipe MitolabInstitut MITOVASCINSERM U1083CNRS 6015Université d'AngersAngersFrance
| | - G. Lenaers
- Équipe MitolabInstitut MITOVASCINSERM U1083CNRS 6015Université d'AngersAngersFrance
| | - C. Duyckaerts
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreINSERM U1127CNRS UMR7225Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - J.‐P. Julien
- CERVO Brain Research Centre2601 Chemin de la CanardièreQuébecQCCanada
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceLaval UniversityQuébecQCCanada
| | - J. Cassereau
- Service de NeurologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire d’AngersAngersFrance
- Équipe MitolabInstitut MITOVASCINSERM U1083CNRS 6015Université d'AngersAngersFrance
| | - A. Chevrollier
- Équipe MitolabInstitut MITOVASCINSERM U1083CNRS 6015Université d'AngersAngersFrance
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Wang P, Chen X, Wang Y, Jia C, Liu X, Wang Y, Wu H, Cai H, Shen HM, Le W. Essential role for autophagy protein VMP1 in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and preventing axonal degeneration. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:116. [PMID: 33483473 PMCID: PMC7822891 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1), the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized autophagy protein, plays a key role during the autophagy process in mammalian cells. To study the impact of VMP1-deficiency on midbrain dopaminergic (mDAergic) neurons, we selectively deleted VMP1 in the mDAergic neurons of VMP1fl/fl/DATCreERT2 bigenic mice using a tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2/loxp gene targeting system. The VMP1fl/fl/DATCreERT2 mice developed progressive motor deficits, concomitant with a profound loss of mDAergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and a high presynaptic accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the enlarged terminals. Mechanistic studies showed that VMP1 deficiency in the mDAergic neurons led to the increased number of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-labeled (LC3) puncta and the accumulation of sequestosome 1/p62 aggregates in the SNc neurons, suggesting the impairment of autophagic flux in these neurons. Furthermore, VMP1 deficiency resulted in multiple cellular abnormalities, including large vacuolar-like structures (LVSs), damaged mitochondria, swollen ER, and the accumulation of ubiquitin+ aggregates. Together, our studies reveal a previously unknown role of VMP1 in modulating neuronal survival and maintaining axonal homeostasis, which suggests that VMP1 deficiency might contribute to mDAergic neurodegeneration via the autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Congcong Jia
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, SAR, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
- Institute of Neurology and Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Medical School of UETSC, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Reverse engineering Lewy bodies: how far have we come and how far can we go? Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:111-131. [PMID: 33432241 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-00416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lewy bodies (LBs) are α-synuclein (α-syn)-rich intracellular inclusions that are an important pathological hallmark of Parkinson disease and several other neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that the aggregation of α-syn has a central role in LB formation and is one of the key processes that drive neurodegeneration and pathology progression in Parkinson disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the formation of LBs, their biochemical composition and ultrastructural properties, how they evolve and spread with disease progression, and their role in neurodegeneration. In this Review, we discuss current knowledge of α-syn pathology, including the biochemical, structural and morphological features of LBs observed in different brain regions. We also review the most used cellular and animal models of α-syn aggregation and pathology spreading in relation to the extent to which they reproduce key features of authentic LBs. Finally, we provide important insights into molecular and cellular determinants of LB formation and spreading, and highlight the critical need for more detailed and systematic characterization of α-syn pathology, at both the biochemical and structural levels. This would advance our understanding of Parkinson disease and other neurodegenerative diseases and allow the development of more-reliable disease models and novel effective therapeutic strategies.
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46
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Gao L, Wang W, Wang X, Yang F, Xie L, Shen J, Brimble MA, Xiao Q, Yao SQ. Fluorescent probes for bioimaging of potential biomarkers in Parkinson's disease. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1219-1250. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00115e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarizes various types of fluorescent probes for PD and their applications for detection of various PD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Shenzhen, 518107
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Shenzhen, 518107
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Shenzhen, 518107
- P. R. China
| | - Fen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Shenzhen, 518107
- P. R. China
| | - Liuxing Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Shenzhen, 518107
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland 1010
- New Zealand
| | - Qicai Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Shenzhen, 518107
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
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Ray B, Bhat A, Mahalakshmi AM, Tuladhar S, Bishir M, Mohan SK, Veeraraghavan VP, Chandra R, Essa MM, Chidambaram SB, Sakharkar MK. Mitochondrial and Organellar Crosstalk in Parkinson's Disease. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211028364. [PMID: 34304614 PMCID: PMC8317254 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211028364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-established pathological event in Parkinson's disease (PD). Proteins misfolding and its impaired cellular clearance due to altered autophagy/mitophagy/pexophagy contribute to PD progression. It has been shown that mitochondria have contact sites with endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroxisomes and lysosomes that are involved in regulating various physiological processes. In pathological conditions, the crosstalk at the contact sites initiates alterations in intracellular vesicular transport, calcium homeostasis and causes activation of proteases, protein misfolding and impairment of autophagy. Apart from the well-reported molecular changes like mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy/mitophagy and oxidative stress in PD, here we have summarized the recent scientific reports to provide the mechanistic insights on the altered communications between ER, peroxisomes, and lysosomes at mitochondrial contact sites. Furthermore, the manuscript elaborates on the contributions of mitochondrial contact sites and organelles dysfunction to the pathogenesis of PD and suggests potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Abid Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Sunanda Tuladhar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Muhammed Bishir
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai – 600123, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Aging and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Visiting Professor, Biomedical Sciences department, University of Pacific, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK- S7N 5A2, Canada
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48
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Kovaleva V, Saarma M. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Regulators: New Drug Targets for Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:S219-S228. [PMID: 34180421 PMCID: PMC8543257 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology involves progressive degeneration and death of vulnerable dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Extensive axonal arborization and distinct functions make this type of neurons particularly sensitive to homeostatic perturbations, such as protein misfolding and Ca2+ dysregulation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cell compartment orchestrating protein synthesis and folding, as well as synthesis of lipids and maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. When misfolded proteins start to accumulate in ER lumen the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated. UPR is an adaptive signaling machinery aimed at relieving of protein folding load in the ER. When UPR is chronic, it can either boost neurodegeneration and apoptosis or cause neuronal dysfunctions. We have recently discovered that mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) exerts its prosurvival action in dopamine neurons and in an animal model of PD through the direct binding to UPR sensor inositol-requiring protein 1 alpha (IRE1α) and attenuation of UPR. In line with this, UPR targeting resulted in neuroprotection and neurorestoration in various preclinical animal models of PD. Therefore, growth factors (GFs), possessing both neurorestorative activity and restoration of protein folding capacity are attractive as drug candidates for PD treatment especially their blood-brain barrier penetrating analogs and small molecule mimetics. In this review, we discuss ER stress as a therapeutic target to treat PD; we summarize the existing preclinical data on the regulation of ER stress for PD treatment. In addition, we point out the crucial aspects for successful clinical translation of UPR-regulating GFs and new prospective in GFs-based treatments of PD, focusing on ER stress regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Kovaleva
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland
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49
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Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz M, Strużyńska L. Dysfunctional glia: contributors to neurodegenerative disorders. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:218-222. [PMID: 32859767 PMCID: PMC7896233 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are integral components of the central nervous system, where they are involved in numerous functions critical for neuronal development and functioning, including maintenance of blood-brain barrier, formation of synapses, supporting neurons with nutrients and trophic factors, and protecting them from injury. These roles are markedly affected in the course of chronic neurodegenerative disorders, often before the onset of the disease. In this review, we summarize the recent findings supporting the hypothesis that astrocytes play a fundamental role in the processes contributing to neurodegeneration. We focus on α-synucleinopathies and tauopathies as the most common neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms implicated in the development and progression of these disorders appear not to be exclusively neuronal, but are often related to the astrocytic-neuronal integrity and the response of astrocytes to the altered microglial function. A profound understanding of the multifaceted functions of astrocytes and identification of their communication pathways with neurons and microglia in health and in the disease is of critical significance for the development of novel mechanism-based therapies against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Strużyńska
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Kuebler L, Buss S, Leonov A, Ryazanov S, Schmidt F, Maurer A, Weckbecker D, Landau AM, Lillethorup TP, Bleher D, Saw RS, Pichler BJ, Griesinger C, Giese A, Herfert K. [ 11C]MODAG-001-towards a PET tracer targeting α-synuclein aggregates. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:1759-1772. [PMID: 33369690 PMCID: PMC8113290 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Deposition of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSYN) aggregates in the human brain is one of the major hallmarks of synucleinopathies. However, a target-specific tracer to detect pathological aggregates of αSYN remains lacking. Here, we report the development of a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer based on anle138b, a compound shown to have therapeutic activity in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Specificity and selectivity of [3H]MODAG-001 were tested in in vitro binding assays using recombinant fibrils. After carbon-11 radiolabeling, the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile was determined in mice. Specific binding was quantified in rats, inoculated with αSYN fibrils and using in vitro autoradiography in human brain sections of Lewy body dementia (LBD) cases provided by the Neurobiobank Munich (NBM). Results [3H]MODAG-001 revealed a very high affinity towards pure αSYN fibrils (Kd = 0.6 ± 0.1 nM) and only a moderate affinity to hTau46 fibrils (Kd = 19 ± 6.4 nM) as well as amyloid-β1–42 fibrils (Kd = 20 ± 10 nM). [11C]MODAG-001 showed an excellent ability to penetrate the mouse brain. Metabolic degradation was present, but the stability of the parent compound improved after selective deuteration of the precursor. (d3)-[11C]MODAG-001 binding was confirmed in fibril-inoculated rat striata using in vivo PET imaging. In vitro autoradiography showed no detectable binding to aggregated αSYN in human brain sections of LBD cases, most likely, because of the low abundance of aggregated αSYN against background protein. Conclusion MODAG-001 provides a promising lead structure for future compound development as it combines a high affinity and good selectivity in fibril-binding assays with suitable pharmacokinetics and biodistribution properties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-020-05133-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kuebler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Buss
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany.,Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Ryazanov
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany.,Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Schmidt
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Anne M Landau
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Norrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens 165, J109, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thea P Lillethorup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens 165, J109, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Bleher
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ran Sing Saw
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,University Göttingen, Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging Molecular Machines, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Armin Giese
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany.
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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