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Paul A, Segreti M, Pani P, Brunamonti E, Genovesio A. The increasing authorship trend in neuroscience: A scientometric analysis across 11 countries. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 17:52-57. [PMID: 38933597 PMCID: PMC11201119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated an increasing trend of the number of authors across various fields over the years. This trend has been attributed to the necessity for larger collaborations and, at times, to ethical issues regarding authorship attribution. Our study focuses on the evolution of authorship trends in the field of Neuroscience. We conducted our analysis based on a dataset containing 580,782 neuroscience publications produced from 2000 to 2022, focusing on the publications within the Group of ten (G10) countries. Using a matrix-based methodology, we extracted and analyzed the average number of authors per country. Our findings reveal a consistent rise in authorship across all G10 countries over the past two decades. Italy emerged with the highest average number of authors, while France stood out for experiencing the most significant increase, particularly in the last decade. The countries with the lowest number of authors per publication were the USA, UK and Canada. Differences between countries could result from variations in the size of collaboration between researchers in different countries. Additionally, these differences may depend on utilitarian considerations aimed at receiving higher scores in the individual evaluation of their own work. We propose that a normalization procedure for the number of authors should be implemented to ensure a fair evaluation of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Paul
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Behavioral Neuroscience PhD Program, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariella Segreti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Behavioral Neuroscience PhD Program, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Pani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Genovesio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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2
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Phongpreecha T, Mathi K, Cholerton B, Fox EJ, Sigal N, Espinosa C, Reincke M, Chung P, Hwang LJ, Gajera CR, Berson E, Perna A, Xie F, Shu CH, Hazra D, Channappa D, Dunn JE, Kipp LB, Poston KL, Montine KS, Maecker HT, Aghaeepour N, Montine TJ. Single-cell peripheral immunoprofiling of lewy body and Parkinson's disease in a multi-site cohort. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:59. [PMID: 39090623 PMCID: PMC11295553 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple lines of evidence support peripheral organs in the initiation or progression of Lewy body disease (LBD), a spectrum of neurodegenerative diagnoses that include Parkinson's Disease (PD) without or with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, the potential contribution of the peripheral immune response to LBD remains unclear. This study aims to characterize peripheral immune responses unique to participants with LBD at single-cell resolution to highlight potential biomarkers and increase mechanistic understanding of LBD pathogenesis in humans. METHODS In a case-control study, peripheral mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from research participants were randomly sampled from multiple sites across the United States. The diagnosis groups comprise healthy controls (HC, n = 159), LBD (n = 110), Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD, n = 97), other neurodegenerative disease controls (NDC, n = 19), and immune disease controls (IDC, n = 14). PBMCs were activated with three stimulants (LPS, IL-6, and IFNa) or remained at basal state, stained by 13 surface markers and 7 intracellular signal markers, and analyzed by flow cytometry, which generated 1,184 immune features after gating. RESULTS The model classified LBD from HC with an AUROC of 0.87 ± 0.06 and AUPRC of 0.80 ± 0.06. Without retraining, the same model was able to distinguish LBD from ADD, NDC, and IDC. Model predictions were driven by pPLCγ2, p38, and pSTAT5 signals from specific cell populations under specific activation. The immune responses characteristic for LBD were not associated with other common medical conditions related to the risk of LBD or dementia, such as sleep disorders, hypertension, or diabetes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Quantification of PBMC immune response from multisite research participants yielded a unique pattern for LBD compared to HC, multiple related neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune diseases thereby highlighting potential biomarkers and mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaphong Phongpreecha
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kavita Mathi
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Eddie J Fox
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Sigal
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Camilo Espinosa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Momsen Reincke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Philip Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ling-Jen Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Eloise Berson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amalia Perna
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Hung Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Debapriya Hazra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Divya Channappa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Dunn
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lucas B Kipp
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Holden T Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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3
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Hudgins AD, Zhou S, Arey RN, Rosenfeld MG, Murphy CT, Suh Y. A systems biology-based identification and in vivo functional screening of Alzheimer's disease risk genes reveal modulators of memory function. Neuron 2024; 112:2112-2129.e4. [PMID: 38692279 PMCID: PMC11223975 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have uncovered over 75 genomic loci associated with risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), but identification of the underlying causal genes remains challenging. Studies of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from LOAD patients have demonstrated the existence of neuronal cell-intrinsic functional defects. Here, we searched for genetic contributions to neuronal dysfunction in LOAD using an integrative systems approach that incorporated multi-evidence-based gene mapping and network-analysis-based prioritization. A systematic perturbation screening of candidate risk genes in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) revealed that neuronal knockdown of the LOAD risk gene orthologs vha-10 (ATP6V1G2), cmd-1 (CALM3), amph-1 (BIN1), ephx-1 (NGEF), and pho-5 (ACP2) alters short-/intermediate-term memory function, the cognitive domain affected earliest during LOAD progression. These results highlight the impact of LOAD risk genes on evolutionarily conserved memory function, as mediated through neuronal endosomal dysfunction, and identify new targets for further mechanistic interrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Hudgins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Rachel N Arey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Coleen T Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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de Vries LE, Huitinga I, Kessels HW, Swaab DF, Verhaagen J. The concept of resilience to Alzheimer's Disease: current definitions and cellular and molecular mechanisms. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:33. [PMID: 38589893 PMCID: PMC11003087 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Some individuals are able to maintain their cognitive abilities despite the presence of significant Alzheimer's Disease (AD) neuropathological changes. This discrepancy between cognition and pathology has been labeled as resilience and has evolved into a widely debated concept. External factors such as cognitive stimulation are associated with resilience to AD, but the exact cellular and molecular underpinnings are not completely understood. In this review, we discuss the current definitions used in the field, highlight the translational approaches used to investigate resilience to AD and summarize the underlying cellular and molecular substrates of resilience that have been derived from human and animal studies, which have received more and more attention in the last few years. From these studies the picture emerges that resilient individuals are different from AD patients in terms of specific pathological species and their cellular reaction to AD pathology, which possibly helps to maintain cognition up to a certain tipping point. Studying these rare resilient individuals can be of great importance as it could pave the way to novel therapeutic avenues for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk E de Vries
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helmut W Kessels
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Visvanathan R, Utsuki T, Beck DE, Clayton WB, Lendy E, Sun KL, Liu Y, Hering KW, Mesecar A, Zhang ZY, Putt KS. A novel micellular fluorogenic substrate for quantitating the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma (PLCγ) enzymes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299541. [PMID: 38551930 PMCID: PMC10980208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The activities of the phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ) 1 and 2 enzymes are essential for numerous cellular processes. Unsurprisingly, dysregulation of PLCγ1 or PLCγ2 activity is associated with multiple maladies including immune disorders, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the modulation of either of these two enzymes has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy to combat these diseases. To aid in the discovery of PLCγ family enzyme modulators that could be developed into therapeutic agents, we have synthesized a high-throughput screening-amenable micellular fluorogenic substrate called C16CF3-coumarin. Herein, the ability of PLCγ1 and PLCγ2 to enzymatically process C16CF3-coumarin was confirmed, the micellular assay conditions were optimized, and the kinetics of the reaction were determined. A proof-of-principle pilot screen of the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds 1280 (LOPAC1280) was performed. This new substrate allows for an additional screening methodology to identify modulators of the PLCγ family of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Visvanathan
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Tadanobu Utsuki
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Beck
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - W. Brent Clayton
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Emma Lendy
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Kuai-lin Sun
- Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Kirk W. Hering
- Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Andrew Mesecar
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Karson S. Putt
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
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6
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Zhang Q, Liu J, Liu H, Ao L, Xi Y, Chen D. Genome-wide epistasis analysis reveals gene-gene interaction network on an intermediate endophenotype P-tau/Aβ 42 ratio in ADNI cohort. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3984. [PMID: 38368488 PMCID: PMC10874417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly worldwide. The exact etiology of AD, particularly its genetic mechanisms, remains incompletely understood. Traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which primarily focus on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with main effects, provide limited explanations for the "missing heritability" of AD, while there is growing evidence supporting the important role of epistasis. In this study, we performed a genome-wide SNP-SNP interaction detection using a linear regression model and employed multiple GPUs for parallel computing, significantly enhancing the speed of whole-genome analysis. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau (P-tau)/amyloid-[Formula: see text] (A[Formula: see text]) ratio was used as a quantitative trait (QT) to enhance statistical power. Age, gender, and clinical diagnosis were included as covariates to control for potential non-genetic factors influencing AD. We identified 961 pairs of statistically significant SNP-SNP interactions, explaining a high-level variance of P-tau/A[Formula: see text] level, all of which exhibited marginal main effects. Additionally, we replicated 432 previously reported AD-related genes and found 11 gene-gene interaction pairs overlapping with the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Our findings may contribute to partially explain the "missing heritability" of AD. The identified subnetwork may be associated with synaptic dysfunction, Wnt signaling pathway, oligodendrocytes, inflammation, hippocampus, and neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Zhang
- School of Computer Science, Northeast Electric Power University, 169 Changchun Street, Jilin, 132012, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- School of Computer Science, Northeast Electric Power University, 169 Changchun Street, Jilin, 132012, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Harbin, China
| | - Lang Ao
- School of Computer Science, Northeast Electric Power University, 169 Changchun Street, Jilin, 132012, China
| | - Yang Xi
- School of Computer Science, Northeast Electric Power University, 169 Changchun Street, Jilin, 132012, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, 169 Changchun Street, Jilin, 132012, China.
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Harbin, China.
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7
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Bull D, Matte JC, Navarron CM, McIntyre R, Whiting P, Katan M, Ducotterd F, Magno L. The hypermorphic PLCγ2 S707Y variant dysregulates microglial cell function - Insight into PLCγ2 activation in brain health and disease, and opportunities for therapeutic modulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166978. [PMID: 38061598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLCγ2) is highly expressed in hematopoietic and immune cells, where it is a key signalling node enabling diverse cellular functions. Within the periphery, gain-of-function (GOF) PLCγ2 variants, such as the strongly hypermorphic S707Y, cause severe immune dysregulation. The milder hypermorphic mutation PLCγ2 P522R increases longevity and confers protection in central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative disorders, implicating PLCγ2 as a novel therapeutic target for treating these CNS indications. Currently, nothing is known about what consequences strong PLCγ2 GOF has on CNS functionality, and more precisely on the specific biological functions of microglia. Using the PLCγ2 S707Y variant as a model of chronic activation we investigated the functional consequences of strong PLCγ2 GOF on human microglia. PLCγ2 S707Y expressing human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived microglia exhibited hypermorphic enzymatic activity under both basal and stimulated conditions, compared to PLCγ2 wild type. Despite the increase in PLCγ2 enzymatic activity, the PLCγ2 S707Y hiPSC-derived microglia display diminished functionality for key microglial processes including phagocytosis and cytokine secretion upon inflammatory challenge. RNA sequencing revealed a downregulation of genes related to innate immunity and response, providing molecular support for the phenotype observed. Our data suggests that chronic activation of PLCγ2 elicits a detrimental phenotype that is contributing to unfavourable CNS functions, and informs on the therapeutic window for targeting PLCγ2 in the CNS. Drug candidates targeting PLCγ2 will need to precisely mimic the effects of the PLCγ2 P522R variant on microglial function, but not those of the PLCγ2 S707Y variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bull
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Julie C Matte
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen M Navarron
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca McIntyre
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Whiting
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Ducotterd
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenza Magno
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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8
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Goddard TR, Brookes KJ, Sharma R, Moemeni A, Rajkumar AP. Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Its Future with Data Science. Cells 2024; 13:223. [PMID: 38334615 PMCID: PMC10854541 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a significant public health issue. It is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia and presents with severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses have provided some insight into disease pathology. Variants within SNCA, GBA, APOE, SNCB, and MAPT have been shown to be associated with DLB in repeated genomic studies. Transcriptomic analysis, conducted predominantly on candidate genes, has identified signatures of synuclein aggregation, protein degradation, amyloid deposition, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the upregulation of heat-shock proteins in DLB. Yet, the understanding of DLB molecular pathology is incomplete. This precipitates the current clinical position whereby there are no available disease-modifying treatments or blood-based diagnostic biomarkers. Data science methods have the potential to improve disease understanding, optimising therapeutic intervention and drug development, to reduce disease burden. Genomic prediction will facilitate the early identification of cases and the timely application of future disease-modifying treatments. Transcript-level analyses across the entire transcriptome and machine learning analysis of multi-omic data will uncover novel signatures that may provide clues to DLB pathology and improve drug development. This review will discuss the current genomic and transcriptomic understanding of DLB, highlight gaps in the literature, and describe data science methods that may advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Goddard
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Academic Unit, Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK
| | - Keeley J. Brookes
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Riddhi Sharma
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation Protection Science Division, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Armaghan Moemeni
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK
| | - Anto P. Rajkumar
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Academic Unit, Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK
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9
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Hopp SC, Rogers JG, Smith S, Campos G, Miller H, Barannikov S, Kuri EG, Wang H, Han X, Bieniek KF, Weintraub ST, Palavicini JP. Multi-omics analyses reveal novel effects of PLCγ2 deficiency in the mouse brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.06.570499. [PMID: 38106102 PMCID: PMC10723468 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.570499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C gamma-2 (PLCγ2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the membrane phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to form diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3), which subsequently feed into numerous downstream signaling pathways. PLCG2 polymorphisms are associated with both reduced and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and with longevity. In the brain, PLCG2 is highly expressed in microglia, where it is proposed to regulate phagocytosis, secretion of cytokines/chemokines, cell survival and proliferation. We analyzed the brains of three-month-old PLCγ2 knockout (KO), heterozygous (HET), and wild-type (WT) mice using multiomics approaches, including shotgun lipidomics, proteomics, and gene expression profiling, and immunofluorescence. Lipidomic analyses revealed sex-specific losses of total cerebrum PIP2 and decreasing trends of DAG content in KOs. In addition, PLCγ2 depletion led to significant losses of myelin-specific lipids and decreasing trends of myelin-enriched lipids. Consistent with our lipidomics results, RNA profiling revealed sex-specific changes in the expression levels of several myelin-related genes. Further, consistent with the available literature, gene expression profiling revealed subtle changes on microglia phenotype in mature adult KOs under baseline conditions, suggestive of reduced microglia reactivity. Immunohistochemistry confirmed subtle differences in density of microglia and oligodendrocytes in KOs. Exploratory proteomic pathway analyses revealed changes in KO and HET females compared to WTs, with over-abundant proteins pointing to mTOR signaling, and under-abundant proteins to oligodendrocytes. Overall, our data indicate that loss of PLCγ2 has subtle effects on brain homeostasis that may underlie enhanced vulnerability to AD pathology and aging via novel mechanisms in addition to regulation of microglia function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Hopp
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
| | - Juliet Garcia Rogers
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
| | - Sabrina Smith
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
| | - Gabriela Campos
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology (TEC)
| | - Henry Miller
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
| | - Savannah Barannikov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Science, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
| | | | - Hu Wang
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
| | - Xianlin Han
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
| | - Kevin F. Bieniek
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Science, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
| | - Susan T. Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
| | - Juan Pablo Palavicini
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
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10
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Weaver DF. Druggable targets for the immunopathy of Alzheimer's disease. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1645-1661. [PMID: 37731705 PMCID: PMC10507808 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00096f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading threats to the health and socioeconomic well-being of humankind. Though research to develop disease modifying therapies for AD has traditionally focussed on the misfolding and aggregation of proteins, this approach has failed to yield a definitively curative agent. Accordingly, the search for additional or alternative approaches is a medicinal chemistry priority. Dysfunction of the brain's neuroimmune-neuroinflammation axis has emerged as a leading contender. Neuroimmunity however is mechanistically complex, rendering the recognition of candidate receptors a challenging task. Herein, a review of the role of neuroimmunity in the biomolecular pathogenesis of AD is presented with the identification of a 'druggable dozen' targets; in turn, each identified target represents one or more discrete receptors centred on a common biochemical mechanism. The druggable dozen is composed of both cellular and molecular messenger targets, with a 'targetable ten' microglial targets as well as two cytokine-based targets. For each target, the underlying molecular basis, with a consideration of strengths and weaknesses, is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 60 Leonard Avenue Toronto ON M5T 0S8 Canada
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11
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Lona-Durazo F, Reynolds RH, Scholz SW, Ryten M, Gagliano Taliun SA. Regional genetic correlations highlight relationships between neurodegenerative disease loci and the immune system. Commun Biol 2023; 6:729. [PMID: 37454237 PMCID: PMC10349864 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, are devastating complex diseases resulting in physical and psychological burdens on patients and their families. There have been important efforts to understand their genetic basis leading to the identification of disease risk-associated loci involved in several molecular mechanisms, including immune-related pathways. Regional, in contrast to genome-wide, genetic correlations between pairs of immune and neurodegenerative traits have not been comprehensively explored, but could uncover additional immune-mediated risk-associated loci. Here, we systematically assess the role of the immune system in five neurodegenerative diseases by estimating regional genetic correlations between these diseases and immune-cell-derived single-cell expression quantitative trait loci (sc-eQTLs). We also investigate correlations between diseases and protein levels. We observe significant (FDR < 0.01) correlations between sc-eQTLs and neurodegenerative diseases across 151 unique genes, spanning both the innate and adaptive immune systems, across most diseases tested. With Parkinson's, for instance, RAB7L1 in CD4+ naïve T cells is positively correlated and KANSL1-AS1 is negatively correlated across all adaptive immune cell types. Follow-up colocalization highlight candidate causal risk genes. The outcomes of this study will improve our understanding of the immune component of neurodegeneration, which can warrant repurposing of existing immunotherapies to slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Lona-Durazo
- Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Regina H Reynolds
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mina Ryten
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah A Gagliano Taliun
- Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine & Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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12
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van der Flier WM, de Vugt ME, Smets EMA, Blom M, Teunissen CE. Towards a future where Alzheimer's disease pathology is stopped before the onset of dementia. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:494-505. [PMID: 37202515 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major healthcare challenge with no curative treatment at present. To address this challenge, we need a paradigm shift, where we focus on pre-dementia stages of AD. In this Perspective, we outline a strategy to move towards a future with personalized medicine for AD by preparing for and investing in effective and patient-orchestrated diagnosis, prediction and prevention of the dementia stage. While focusing on AD, this Perspective also discusses studies that do not specify the cause of dementia. Future personalized prevention strategies encompass multiple components, including tailored combinations of disease-modifying interventions and lifestyle. By empowering the public and patients to be more actively engaged in the management of their health and disease and by developing improved strategies for diagnosis, prediction and prevention, we can pave the way for a future with personalized medicine, in which AD pathology is stopped to prevent or delay the onset of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein E de Vugt
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen M A Smets
- Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Blom
- Alzheimer Nederland, Amersfoort, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Diks AM, Teodosio C, de Mooij B, Groenland RJ, Naber BAE, de Laat IF, Vloemans SA, Rohde S, de Jonge MI, Lorenz L, Horsten D, van Dongen JJM, Berkowska MA, Holstege H. Carriers of the p.P522R variant in PLCγ2 have a slightly more responsive immune system. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:25. [PMID: 37081539 PMCID: PMC10116473 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rs72824905 single-nucleotide polymorphism in the PLCG2 gene, encoding the p.P522R residue change in Phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCγ2), associates with protection against several dementia subtypes and with increased likelihood of longevity. Cell lines and animal models indicated that p.P522R is a functional hypermorph. We aimed to confirm this in human circulating peripheral immune cells. METHODS We compared effects of p.P522R on immune system function between carriers and non-carriers (aged 59-103y), using in-depth immunophenotyping, functional B-cell and myeloid cell assays, and in vivo SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. RESULTS In line with expectations, p.P522R impacts immune cell function only slightly, but it does so across a wide array of immune cell types. Upon B-cell stimulation, we observed increased PLCγ2 phosphorylation and calcium release, suggesting increased B-cell sensitivity upon antigen recognition. Further, p.P522R-carriers had higher numbers of CD20++CD21-CD24+ naive B cells and IgG1+ memory B cells. In myeloid cells, normalized ROS production was higher upon PLCγ2-dependent stimulation. On classical monocytes, CD33 levels were elevated. Furthermore, carriers expressed lower levels of allergy-related FcεRI on several immune cell subsets. Nevertheless, carriers and non-carriers had similar serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. CONCLUSION The immune system from p.P522R-carriers is slightly more responsive to stimulation than in non-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annieck M Diks
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cristina Teodosio
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca - CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Bas de Mooij
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Rick J Groenland
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Brigitta A E Naber
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Inge F de Laat
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra A Vloemans
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Rohde
- Department of Human Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Lorenz
- Department of Human Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Debbie Horsten
- Department of Human Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands.
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca - CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Magdalena A Berkowska
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Henne Holstege
- Department of Human Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating age-related neurodegenerative condition. Unbiased genetic studies have implicated a central role for microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, in AD pathogenesis. On-going efforts are clarifying the biology underlying these associations and the microglial pathways that are dysfunctional in AD. Several genetic risk factors converge to decrease the function of activating microglial receptors and increase the function of inhibitory receptors, resulting in a seemingly dampened microglial phenotype in AD. Moreover, many of these microglial proteins that are genetically associated with AD appear to interact and share pathways or regulatory mechanisms, presenting several points of convergence that may be strategic targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review some of these studies and their implications for microglial participation in AD pathogenesis.
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15
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Visvanathan R, Utsuki T, Beck DE, Lendy E, Sun KL, Liu Y, Hering KW, Mesecar A, Zhang ZY, Putt KS. A novel fluorogenic reporter substrate for 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 (PLCγ2): Application to high-throughput screening for activators to treat Alzheimer's disease. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023:S2472-5552(23)00024-2. [PMID: 36933698 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A rare coding variant in PLCγ2 (P522R) expressed in microglia induces a mild activation of enzymatic activity when compared to wild-type. This mutation is reported to be protective against the cognitive decline associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and therefore, activation of wild-type PLCγ2 has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of LOAD. Additionally, PLCγ2 has been associated with other diseases such as cancer and some autoimmune disorders where mutations with much greater increases in PLCγ2 activity have been identified. Here, pharmacological inhibition may provide a therapeutic effect. In order to facilitate our investigation of the activity of PLCγ2, we developed an optimized fluorogenic substrate to monitor enzymatic activity in aqueous solution. This was accomplished by first exploring the spectral properties of various "turn-on" fluorophores. The most promising turn-on fluorophore was incorporated into a water-soluble PLCγ2 reporter substrate, which we named C8CF3-coumarin. The ability of PLCγ2 to enzymatically process C8CF3-coumarin was confirmed, and the kinetics of the reaction were determined. Reaction conditions were optimized to identify small molecule activators, and a pilot screen of the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds 1280 (LOPAC1280) was performed with the goal of identifying small molecule activators of PLCγ2. The optimized screening conditions allowed identification of potential PLCγ2 activators and inhibitors, thus demonstrating the feasibility of this approach for high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Visvanathan
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tadanobu Utsuki
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA
| | - Daniel E Beck
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA
| | - Emma Lendy
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kuai-Lin Sun
- Cayman Chemical Company, 1180 East Ellsworth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Cayman Chemical Company, 1180 East Ellsworth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Kirk W Hering
- Cayman Chemical Company, 1180 East Ellsworth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Andrew Mesecar
- IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Karson S Putt
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA.
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16
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Li J, Huang F, Ma Q, Guo W, Feng K, Huang T, Cai YD. Identification of genes related to immune enhancement caused by heterologous ChAdOx1-BNT162b2 vaccines in lymphocytes at single-cell resolution with machine learning methods. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1131051. [PMID: 36936955 PMCID: PMC10017451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely used ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (ChAd) vector and BNT162b2 (BNT) mRNA vaccines have been shown to induce robust immune responses. Recent studies demonstrated that the immune responses of people who received one dose of ChAdOx1 and one dose of BNT were better than those of people who received vaccines with two homologous ChAdOx1 or two BNT doses. However, how heterologous vaccines function has not been extensively investigated. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing data from three classes of samples: volunteers vaccinated with heterologous ChAdOx1-BNT and volunteers vaccinated with homologous ChAd-ChAd and BNT-BNT vaccinations after 7 days were divided into three types of immune cells (3654 B, 8212 CD4+ T, and 5608 CD8+ T cells). To identify differences in gene expression in various cell types induced by vaccines administered through different vaccination strategies, multiple advanced feature selection methods (max-relevance and min-redundancy, Monte Carlo feature selection, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, light gradient boosting machine, and permutation feature importance) and classification algorithms (decision tree and random forest) were integrated into a computational framework. Feature selection methods were in charge of analyzing the importance of gene features, yielding multiple gene lists. These lists were fed into incremental feature selection, incorporating decision tree and random forest, to extract essential genes, classification rules and build efficient classifiers. Highly ranked genes include PLCG2, whose differential expression is important to the B cell immune pathway and is positively correlated with immune cells, such as CD8+ T cells, and B2M, which is associated with thymic T cell differentiation. This study gave an important contribution to the mechanistic explanation of results showing the stronger immune response of a heterologous ChAdOx1-BNT vaccination schedule than two doses of either BNT or ChAdOx1, offering a theoretical foundation for vaccine modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Computer Science, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, Jilin, China
| | - FeiMing Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - QingLan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - KaiYan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Sun Y, Zhang L, Liu P, Peng G. Autoimmunity and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: From Laboratory Study to Clinical Practice. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:495-503. [PMID: 37008802 PMCID: PMC10065017 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s394286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a group of neurodegenerative diseases with heterogenous clinical, genetic, and pathological characteristics that show similar impairment of areas in the frontal and/or temporal lobes. Prime doctors' lack of awareness of this complex disease makes early identification and accurate intervention difficult. Autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies are manifestations of different levels of autoimmune reactions. This review presents research findings examining the relationship between autoimmunity and FTLD in terms of autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies with a focus on identifying potential diagnosis and treatment approaches. The findings indicate that the same or similar pathophysiological mechanisms may exist from clinical, genetic, and pathological perspectives. However, the existing evidence is not sufficient to extract substantial conclusions. On the basis of the current situation, we propose future research patterns using prospective studies on large populations and combined clinical and experimental research. Autoimmune reactions or, more generally, inflammatory reactions should receive increased attention from doctors and scientists of all disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lumi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guoping Peng, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13588150613, Email
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18
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Basha SKC, Ramaiah MJ, Kosagisharaf JR. Untangling the Role of TREM2 in Conjugation with Microglia in Neuronal Dysfunction: A Hypothesis on a Novel Pathway in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S319-S333. [PMID: 36683512 PMCID: PMC10473115 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder involving heterogenous pathophysiological characteristics, which has become a challenge to therapeutics. The major pathophysiology of AD comprises amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Recent studies indicate the significance of Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and its mutant variants in AD. TREM2 are the transmembrane receptors of microglial cells that performs a broad range of physiological cell processes. Phagocytosis of Aβ is one of the physiological roles of TREM2, which plays a pivotal role in AD progression. R47H, a mutant variant of TREM2, increases the risk of AD by impairing TREM2-Aβ binding. Inconclusive evidence regarding the TREM2 signaling cascade mechanism of Aβ phagocytosis motivates the current review to propose a new hypothesis. The review systematically assesses the cross talk between TREM2 and other AD pathological domains and the influence of TREM2 on amyloid and tau seeding. Disease associated microglia (DAM), a novel state of microglia with unique transcriptional and functional signatures reported in neurodegenerative conditions, also depend on the TREM2 pathway for its differentiation. DAM is suggested to have a neuroprotective role. We hypothesize that TREM2, along with its signaling adaptors and endogenous proteins, play a key role in ameliorating Aβ clearance. We indicate that TREM2 has the potential to ameliorate the Aβ burden, though with differential clearance ability and may act as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- SK Chand Basha
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
| | - Mekala Janaki Ramaiah
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
| | - Jagannatha Rao Kosagisharaf
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
- National Science System (SENACYT), INDICASAT – AIP, Panama
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19
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Li K, Ran B, Wang Y, Liu L, Li W. PLCγ2 impacts microglia-related effectors revealing variants and pathways important in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:999061. [PMID: 36147734 PMCID: PMC9485805 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.999061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. The etiology of AD is complex and remains incompletely understood. In recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have increasingly highlighted the central role of microglia in AD pathology. As a trans-membrane receptor specifically present on the microglia in the central nervous system, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCγ2) plays an important role in neuroinflammation. GWAS data and corresponding pathological research have explored the effects of PLCG2 variants on amyloid burden and tau pathologies that underline AD. The link between PLCγ2 and other AD-related effectors in human and mouse microglia has also been established, placing PLCγ2 downstream of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). Because the research on PLCγ2’s role in AD is still in its early stages, few articles have been published, therefore in this paper, we integrate the relevant research published to date, review the structural features, expression patterns, and related pathways of PLCγ2, and summarize the recent studies on important PLCG2 variants related to AD. Furthermore, the possibility and challenge of using PLCγ2 to develop therapeutic drugs for AD are also discussed.
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20
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Le Huray KIP, Bunney TD, Pinotsis N, Kalli AC, Katan M. Characterization of the membrane interactions of phospholipase Cγ reveals key features of the active enzyme. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp9688. [PMID: 35749497 PMCID: PMC9232102 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp9688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PLCγ enzymes are autoinhibited in resting cells and form key components of intracellular signaling that are also linked to disease development. Insights into physiological and aberrant activation of PLCγ require understanding of an active, membrane-bound form, which can hydrolyze inositol-lipid substrates. Here, we demonstrate that PLCγ1 cannot bind membranes unless the autoinhibition is disrupted. Through extensive molecular dynamics simulations and experimental evidence, we characterize membrane binding by the catalytic core domains and reveal previously unknown sites of lipid interaction. The identified sites act in synergy, overlap with autoinhibitory interfaces, and are shown to be critical for the phospholipase activity in cells. This work provides direct evidence that PLCγ1 is inhibited through obstruction of its membrane-binding surfaces by the regulatory region and that activation must shift PLCγ1 to a conformation competent for membrane binding. Knowledge of the critical sites of membrane interaction extends the mechanistic framework for activation, dysregulation, and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle I. P. Le Huray
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Tom D. Bunney
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nikos Pinotsis
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Antreas C. Kalli
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article discusses the spectrum of genetic risk in familial and sporadic forms of early- and late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD). Recent work illuminating the complex genetic architecture of AD is discussed in the context of high and low risk and what is known in different populations. RECENT FINDINGS A small proportion of AD is autosomal dominant familial AD caused by variants in PSEN1, PSEN2, or APP, although more recently described rare genetic changes can also increase risk substantially over the general population, with odds ratios estimated at 2 to 4. APOE remains the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, and understanding the biology of APOE has yielded mechanistic insights and leads for therapeutic interventions. Genome-wide studies enabled by rapidly developing technologic advances in sequencing have identified numerous risk factors that have a low impact on risk but are widely shared throughout the population and involve a repertoire of cell pathways, again shining light on potential paths to intervention. Population studies aimed at defining and stratifying genetic AD risk have been informative, although they are not yet widely applicable clinically because the studies were not performed in people with diverse ancestry and ethnicity and thus population-wide data are lacking. SUMMARY The value of genetic information to practitioners in the clinic is distinct from information sought by researchers looking to identify novel therapeutic targets. It is possible to envision a future in which genetic stratification joins other biomarkers to facilitate therapeutic choices and inform prognosis. Genetics already has transformed our understanding of AD pathogenesis and will, no doubt, continue to reveal the complexity of brain biology in health and disease.
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Sirin S, Nigdelioglu Dolanbay S, Aslim B. The relationship of early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease genes with COVID-19. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:847-859. [PMID: 35429259 PMCID: PMC9012910 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases have been exposed to excess risk by the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19’s main manifestations include high body temperature, dry cough, and exhaustion. Nevertheless, some affected individuals may have an atypical presentation at diagnosis but suffer neurological signs and symptoms as the first disease manifestation. These findings collectively show the neurotropic nature of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its ability to involve the central nervous system. In addition, Alzheimer’s disease and COVID-19 has a number of common risk factors and comorbid conditions including age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and the expression of APOE ε4. Until now, a plethora of studies have examined the COVID-19 disease but only a few studies has yet examined the relationship of COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease as risk factors of each other. This review emphasizes the recently published evidence on the role of the genes of early- or late-onset Alzheimer’s disease in the susceptibility of individuals currently suffering or recovered from COVID-19 to Alzheimer’s disease or in the susceptibility of individuals at risk of or with Alzheimer’s disease to COVID-19 or increased COVID-19 severity and mortality. Furthermore, the present review also draws attention to other uninvestigated early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease genes to elucidate the relationship between this multifactorial disease and COVID-19.
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Kok FK, van Leerdam SL, de Lange ECM. Potential Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to Dementia in Non-Demented Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:51-81. [PMID: 35275527 PMCID: PMC9198800 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and typically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles. Intriguingly, there also exists a group of elderly which do not develop dementia during their life, despite the AD neuropathology, the so-called non-demented individuals with AD neuropathology (NDAN). In this review, we provide extensive background on AD pathology and normal aging and discuss potential mechanisms that enable these NDAN individuals to remain cognitively intact. Studies presented in this review show that NDAN subjects are generally higher educated and have a larger cognitive reserve. Furthermore, enhanced neural hypertrophy could compensate for hippocampal and cingulate neural atrophy in NDAN individuals. On a cellular level, these individuals show increased levels of neural stem cells and ‘von Economo neurons’. Furthermore, in NDAN brains, binding of Aβ oligomers to synapses is prevented, resulting in decreased glial activation and reduced neuroinflammation. Overall, the evidence stated here strengthens the idea that some individuals are more resistant to AD pathology, or at least show an elongation of the asymptomatic state of the disease compared to others. Insights into the mechanisms underlying this resistance could provide new insight in understanding normal aging and AD itself. Further research should focus on factors and mechanisms that govern the NDAN cognitive resilience in order to find clues on novel biomarkers, targets, and better treatments of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique K Kok
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne L van Leerdam
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C M de Lange
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Kim J, Jung SH, Choe YS, Kim S, Kim B, Kim HR, Son SJ, Hong CH, Na DL, Kim HJ, Cho SJ, Won HH, Seo SW. Ethnic differences in the frequency of β-amyloid deposition in cognitively normal individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 114:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Frisoni GB, Altomare D, Thal DR, Ribaldi F, van der Kant R, Ossenkoppele R, Blennow K, Cummings J, van Duijn C, Nilsson PM, Dietrich PY, Scheltens P, Dubois B. The probabilistic model of Alzheimer disease: the amyloid hypothesis revised. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:53-66. [PMID: 34815562 PMCID: PMC8840505 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The current conceptualization of Alzheimer disease (AD) is driven by the amyloid hypothesis, in which a deterministic chain of events leads from amyloid deposition and then tau deposition to neurodegeneration and progressive cognitive impairment. This model fits autosomal dominant AD but is less applicable to sporadic AD. Owing to emerging information regarding the complex biology of AD and the challenges of developing amyloid-targeting drugs, the amyloid hypothesis needs to be reconsidered. Here we propose a probabilistic model of AD in which three variants of AD (autosomal dominant AD, APOE ε4-related sporadic AD and APOE ε4-unrelated sporadic AD) feature decreasing penetrance and decreasing weight of the amyloid pathophysiological cascade, and increasing weight of stochastic factors (environmental exposures and lower-risk genes). Together, these variants account for a large share of the neuropathological and clinical variability observed in people with AD. The implementation of this model in research might lead to a better understanding of disease pathophysiology, a revision of the current clinical taxonomy and accelerated development of strategies to prevent and treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, and Leuven Brain Institute, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Federica Ribaldi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rik van der Kant
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Cinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences; University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Life Science Partners, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, IM2A, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, UMR-S975, INSERM, Paris, France
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26
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Chan JM, Quintanal-Villalonga Á, Gao VR, Xie Y, Allaj V, Chaudhary O, Masilionis I, Egger J, Chow A, Walle T, Mattar M, Yarlagadda DVK, Wang JL, Uddin F, Offin M, Ciampricotti M, Qeriqi B, Bahr A, de Stanchina E, Bhanot UK, Lai WV, Bott MJ, Jones DR, Ruiz A, Baine MK, Li Y, Rekhtman N, Poirier JT, Nawy T, Sen T, Mazutis L, Hollmann TJ, Pe'er D, Rudin CM. Signatures of plasticity, metastasis, and immunosuppression in an atlas of human small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1479-1496.e18. [PMID: 34653364 PMCID: PMC8628860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy that includes subtypes defined by differential expression of ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 (SCLC-A, -N, and -P, respectively). To define the heterogeneity of tumors and their associated microenvironments across subtypes, we sequenced 155,098 transcriptomes from 21 human biospecimens, including 54,523 SCLC transcriptomes. We observe greater tumor diversity in SCLC than lung adenocarcinoma, driven by canonical, intermediate, and admixed subtypes. We discover a PLCG2-high SCLC phenotype with stem-like, pro-metastatic features that recurs across subtypes and predicts worse overall survival. SCLC exhibits greater immune sequestration and less immune infiltration than lung adenocarcinoma, and SCLC-N shows less immune infiltrate and greater T cell dysfunction than SCLC-A. We identify a profibrotic, immunosuppressive monocyte/macrophage population in SCLC tumors that is particularly associated with the recurrent, PLCG2-high subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Chan
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Álvaro Quintanal-Villalonga
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vianne Ran Gao
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yubin Xie
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Viola Allaj
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ojasvi Chaudhary
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ignas Masilionis
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jacklynn Egger
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew Chow
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Walle
- Department of Medical Oncology; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marissa Mattar
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dig V K Yarlagadda
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - James L Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Fathema Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Offin
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Metamia Ciampricotti
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Besnik Qeriqi
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amber Bahr
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Umesh K Bhanot
- Precision Pathology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - W Victoria Lai
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthew J Bott
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Fiona and Stanley Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David R Jones
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Fiona and Stanley Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Arvin Ruiz
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marina K Baine
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yanyun Li
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Natasha Rekhtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John T Poirier
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tal Nawy
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Triparna Sen
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Linas Mazutis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Travis J Hollmann
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Prediction of genetic alteration of phospholipase C isozymes in brain disorders: Studies with deep learning. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 82:100833. [PMID: 34773889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mutations leading to the development of various diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, can be attributed to multiple mechanisms and exposure to diverse environments. These disorders further increase gene mutation rates and affect the activity of translated proteins, both phenomena associated with cellular responses. Therefore, maintaining the integrity of genetic and epigenetic information is critical for disease suppression and prevention. With the advent of genome sequencing technologies, large-scale genomic data-based machine learning tools, including deep learning, have been used to predict and identify somatic inactivation or negative dominant expression of target genes in various diseases. Although deep learning studies have recently been highlighted for their ability to distinguish between the genetic information of diseases, conventional wisdom is also necessary to explain the correlation between genotype and phenotype. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C isozymes (PLCs) and an overview of their associations with genetic variation, as well as their emerging roles in several diseases. We also predicted and discussed new findings of cryptic PLC splice variants by deep learning and the clinical implications of the PLC genetic variations predicted using these tools.
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Phospholipase Cγ2 regulates endocannabinoid and eicosanoid networks in innate immune cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2112971118. [PMID: 34607960 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112971118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies have pointed to a prominent role for innate immunity and lipid pathways in immunological and neurodegenerative disorders. Our understanding of the composition and function of immunomodulatory lipid networks in innate immune cells, however, remains incomplete. Here, we show that phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2 or PLCG2)-mutations in which are associated with autoinflammatory disorders and Alzheimer's disease-serves as a principal source of diacylglycerol (DAG) pools that are converted into a cascade of bioactive endocannabinoid and eicosanoid lipids by DAG lipase (DAGL) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGLL) enzymes in innate immune cells. We show that this lipid network is tonically stimulated by disease-relevant human mutations in PLCγ2, as well as Fc receptor activation in primary human and mouse macrophages. Genetic disruption of PLCγ2 in mouse microglia suppressed DAGL/MGLL-mediated endocannabinoid-eicosanoid cross-talk and also caused widespread transcriptional and proteomic changes, including the reorganization of immune-relevant lipid pathways reflected in reductions in DAGLB and elevations in PLA2G4A. Despite these changes, Plcg2 -/- mice showed generally normal proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses to lipopolysaccharide treatment, instead displaying a more restricted deficit in microglial activation that included impairments in prostaglandin production and CD68 expression. Our findings enhance the understanding of PLCγ2 function in innate immune cells, delineating a role in cross-talk with endocannabinoid/eicosanoid pathways and modulation of subsets of cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli.
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Masumoto J, Zhou W, Morikawa S, Hosokawa S, Taguchi H, Yamamoto T, Kurata M, Kaneko N. Molecular biology of autoinflammatory diseases. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:33. [PMID: 34635190 PMCID: PMC8507398 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The long battle between humans and various physical, chemical, and biological insults that cause cell injury (e.g., products of tissue damage, metabolites, and/or infections) have led to the evolution of various adaptive responses. These responses are triggered by recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and/or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), usually by cells of the innate immune system. DAMPs and PAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by innate immune cells; this recognition triggers inflammation. Autoinflammatory diseases are strongly associated with dysregulation of PRR interactomes, which include inflammasomes, NF-κB-activating signalosomes, type I interferon-inducing signalosomes, and immuno-proteasome; disruptions of regulation of these interactomes leads to inflammasomopathies, relopathies, interferonopathies, and proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes, respectively. In this review, we discuss the currently accepted molecular mechanisms underlying several autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Masumoto
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Sho Hosokawa
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Haruka Taguchi
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Mie Kurata
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Naoe Kaneko
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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PLCγ2 regulates TREM2 signalling and integrin-mediated adhesion and migration of human iPSC-derived macrophages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19842. [PMID: 34615897 PMCID: PMC8494732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies have linked rare coding variants in microglial genes, such as TREM2, and more recently PLCG2 to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The P522R variant in PLCG2 has been shown to confer protection for AD and to result in a subtle increase in enzymatic activity. PLCγ2 is a key component of intracellular signal transduction networks and induces Ca2+ signals downstream of many myeloid cell surface receptors, including TREM2. To explore the relationship between PLCγ2 and TREM2 and the role of PLCγ2 in regulating immune cell function, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)- derived macrophages from isogenic lines with homozygous PLCG2 knockout (Ko). Stimulating TREM2 signalling using a polyclonal antibody revealed a complete lack of calcium flux and IP1 accumulation in PLCγ2 Ko cells, demonstrating a non-redundant role of PLCγ2 in calcium release downstream of TREM2. Loss of PLCγ2 led to broad changes in expression of several macrophage surface markers and phenotype, including reduced phagocytic activity and survival, while LPS-induced secretion of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 was unaffected. We identified additional deficits in PLCγ2- deficient cells that compromised cellular adhesion and migration. Thus, PLCγ2 is key in enabling divergent cellular functions and might be a promising target to increase beneficial microglial functions.
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Azam S, Haque ME, Balakrishnan R, Kim IS, Choi DK. The Ageing Brain: Molecular and Cellular Basis of Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683459. [PMID: 34485280 PMCID: PMC8414981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is an inevitable event in the lifecycle of all organisms, characterized by progressive physiological deterioration and increased vulnerability to death. Ageing has also been described as the primary risk factor of most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTD). These neurodegenerative diseases occur more prevalently in the aged populations. Few effective treatments have been identified to treat these epidemic neurological crises. Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with enormous socioeconomic and personal costs. Here, the pathogenesis of AD, PD, and other neurodegenerative diseases has been presented, including a summary of their known associations with the biological hallmarks of ageing: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, deregulated nutrient sensing, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communications. Understanding the central biological mechanisms that underlie ageing is important for identifying novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Potential therapeutic strategies, including the use of NAD+ precursors, mitophagy inducers, and inhibitors of cellular senescence, has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, South Korea
| | - Md. Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, South Korea
| | - Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, South Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju-si, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju-si, South Korea
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Genetic and environmental factors in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and promising therapeutic intervention via fecal microbiota transplantation. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:70. [PMID: 34381040 PMCID: PMC8357954 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by neuronal impairment and loss of function, and with the major shared histopathological hallmarks of misfolding and aggregation of specific proteins inside or outside cells. Some genetic and environmental factors contribute to the promotion of the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, there are no effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. It has been revealed that bidirectional communication exists between the brain and the gut. The gut microbiota is a changeable and experience-dependent ecosystem and can be modified by genetic and environmental factors. The gut microbiota provides potential therapeutic targets that can be regulated as new interventions for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss genetic and environmental risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, summarize the communication among the components of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and discuss the treatment strategy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). FMT is a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, and restoration of the gut microbiota to a premorbid state is a novel goal for prevention and treatment strategies.
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Jackson JT, Mulazzani E, Nutt SL, Masters SL. The role of PLCγ2 in immunological disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100905. [PMID: 34157287 PMCID: PMC8318911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) is a critical signaling molecule activated downstream from a variety of cell surface receptors that contain an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. These receptors recruit kinases such as Syk, BTK, and BLNK to phosphorylate and activate PLCγ2, which then generates 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These well-known second messengers are required for diverse membrane functionality including cellular proliferation, endocytosis, and calcium flux. As a result, PLCγ2 dysfunction is associated with a variety of diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and immune disorders. The diverse pathologies associated with PLCγ2 are exemplified by distinct genetic variants. Inherited mutations at this locus cause PLCγ2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation, in some cases with autoinflammation. Acquired mutations at this locus, which often arise as a result of BTK inhibition to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia, result in constitutive downstream signaling and lymphocyte proliferation. Finally, a third group of PLCγ2 variants actually has a protective effect in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, presumably by increased uptake and degradation of deleterious neurological aggregates. Therefore, manipulating PLCγ2 activity either up or down could have therapeutic benefit; however, we require a better understanding of the signaling pathways propagated by these variants before such clinical utility can be realized. Here, we review the signaling roles of PLCγ2 in hematopoietic cells to help understand the effect of mutations driving immune disorders and cancer and extrapolate from this to roles which may relate to protection against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Jackson
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Mulazzani
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Immunology Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Korpioja A, Krüger J, Koivuluoma S, Pylkäs K, Moilanen V, Helisalmi S, Hiltunen M, Remes AM. Novel Rare SORL1 Variants in Early-Onset Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:761-770. [PMID: 34092641 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare variants of SORL1 have been associated with an increased risk of early-onset or late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a lot remains to be clarified about their significance in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of SORL1 variants among Finnish patients with early-onset AD (EOAD). METHODS The rare SORL1variants were screened in a cohort of 115 Finnish EOAD patients (mean age at onset 58.3 years, range 46-65 years) by using the whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS We found one novel nonsense variant (p.Gln290*) and eight missense variants in SORL1. This is the first study reporting the SORL1 variants p.Lys80Arg, p.Ala789Val and p.Arg866Gln in EOAD patients. Furthermore, two of these three missense variants were overrepresented in EOAD patients compared to gnomAD non-neuro Finnish samples. CONCLUSION This study strengthens the earlier findings, that the rare variants in SORL1 are associated with EOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Korpioja
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Krüger
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Susanna Koivuluoma
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, NordLab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, NordLab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Virpi Moilanen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Remes
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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35
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McFarland KN, Ceballos C, Rosario A, Ladd T, Moore B, Golde G, Wang X, Allen M, Ertekin-Taner N, Funk CC, Robinson M, Baloni P, Rappaport N, Chakrabarty P, Golde TE. Microglia show differential transcriptomic response to Aβ peptide aggregates ex vivo and in vivo. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/7/e202101108. [PMID: 34127518 PMCID: PMC8321667 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a defining feature of Alzheimer's disease pathology. To study microglial responses to Aβ, we applied exogenous Aβ peptide, in either oligomeric or fibrillar conformation, to primary mouse microglial cultures and evaluated system-level transcriptional changes and then compared these with transcriptomic changes in the brains of CRND8 APP mice. We find that primary microglial cultures have rapid and massive transcriptional change in response to Aβ. Transcriptomic responses to oligomeric or fibrillar Aβ in primary microglia, although partially overlapping, are distinct and are not recapitulated in vivo where Aβ progressively accumulates. Furthermore, although classic immune mediators show massive transcriptional changes in the primary microglial cultures, these changes are not observed in the mouse model. Together, these data extend previous studies which demonstrate that microglia responses ex vivo are poor proxies for in vivo responses. Finally, these data demonstrate the potential utility of using microglia as biosensors of different aggregate conformation, as the transcriptional responses to oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ can be distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA .,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carolina Ceballos
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Awilda Rosario
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Ladd
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brenda Moore
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Griffin Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA .,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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36
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Seto M, Weiner RL, Dumitrescu L, Hohman TJ. Protective genes and pathways in Alzheimer's disease: moving towards precision interventions. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:29. [PMID: 33926499 PMCID: PMC8086309 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and an eventual inability to perform daily tasks. The etiology of Alzheimer's is complex, with numerous environmental and genetic factors contributing to the disease. Late-onset AD is highly heritable (60 to 80%), and over 40 risk loci for AD have been identified via large genome-wide association studies, most of which are common variants with small effect sizes. Although these discoveries have provided novel insight on biological contributors to AD, disease-modifying treatments remain elusive. Recently, the concepts of resistance to pathology and resilience against the downstream consequences of pathology have been of particular interest in the Alzheimer's field as studies continue to identify individuals who evade the pathology of the disease even into late life and individuals who have all of the neuropathological features of AD but evade downstream neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. It has been hypothesized that a shift in focus from Alzheimer's risk to resilience presents an opportunity to uncover novel biological mechanisms of AD and to identify promising therapeutic targets for the disease. This review will highlight a selection of genes and variants that have been reported to confer protection from AD within the literature and will also discuss evidence for the biological underpinnings behind their protective effect with a focus on genes involved in lipid metabolism, cellular trafficking, endosomal and lysosomal function, synaptic function, and inflammation. Finally, we offer some recommendations in areas where the field can rapidly advance towards precision interventions that leverage the ideas of protection and resilience for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Seto
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Rebecca L. Weiner
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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37
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Scheltens P, De Strooper B, Kivipelto M, Holstege H, Chételat G, Teunissen CE, Cummings J, van der Flier WM. Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 2021; 397:1577-1590. [PMID: 33667416 PMCID: PMC8354300 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1671] [Impact Index Per Article: 557.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this Seminar, we highlight the main developments in the field of Alzheimer's disease. The most recent data indicate that, by 2050, the prevalence of dementia will double in Europe and triple worldwide, and that estimate is 3 times higher when based on a biological (rather than clinical) definition of Alzheimer's disease. The earliest phase of Alzheimer's disease (cellular phase) happens in parallel with accumulating amyloid β, inducing the spread of tau pathology. The risk of Alzheimer's disease is 60-80% dependent on heritable factors, with more than 40 Alzheimer's disease-associated genetic risk loci already identified, of which the APOE alleles have the strongest association with the disease. Novel biomarkers include PET scans and plasma assays for amyloid β and phosphorylated tau, which show great promise for clinical and research use. Multidomain lifestyle-based prevention trials suggest cognitive benefits in participants with increased risk of dementia. Lifestyle factors do not directly affect Alzheimer's disease pathology, but can still contribute to a positive outcome in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Promising pharmacological treatments are poised at advanced stages of clinical trials and include anti-amyloid β, anti-tau, and anti-inflammatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Life Science Partners, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department for Neurology, Leuven, Belgium; Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Ageing and Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gael Chételat
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Groupement d'Intérêt Public Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Datascience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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38
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Combi R, Salsone M, Villa C, Ferini-Strambi L. Genetic Architecture and Molecular, Imaging and Prodromic Markers in Dementia with Lewy Bodies: State of the Art, Opportunities and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3960. [PMID: 33921279 PMCID: PMC8069386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common causes of dementia and belongs to the group of α-synucleinopathies. Due to its clinical overlap with other neurodegenerative disorders and its high clinical heterogeneity, the clinical differential diagnosis of DLB from other similar disorders is often difficult and it is frequently underdiagnosed. Moreover, its genetic etiology has been studied only recently due to the unavailability of large cohorts with a certain diagnosis and shows genetic heterogeneity with a rare contribution of pathogenic mutations and relatively common risk factors. The rapid increase in the reported cases of DLB highlights the need for an easy, efficient and accurate diagnosis of the disease in its initial stages in order to halt or delay the progression. The currently used diagnostic methods proposed by the International DLB consortium rely on a list of criteria that comprises both clinical observations and the use of biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the up-to-now reported knowledge on the genetic architecture of DLB and discuss the use of prodromal biomarkers as well as recent promising candidates from alternative body fluids and new imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Combi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Maria Salsone
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, 20054 Segrate (MI), Italy;
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology-Sleep Disorder Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology-Sleep Disorder Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele University, 20127 Milan, Italy
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39
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Magno L, Bunney TD, Mead E, Svensson F, Bictash MN. TREM2/PLCγ2 signalling in immune cells: function, structural insight, and potential therapeutic modulation. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:22. [PMID: 33823896 PMCID: PMC8022522 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The central role of the resident innate immune cells of the brain (microglia) in neurodegeneration has become clear over the past few years largely through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and has rapidly become an active area of research. However, a mechanistic understanding (gene to function) has lagged behind. That is now beginning to change, as exemplified by a number of recent exciting and important reports that provide insight into the function of two key gene products – TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed On Myeloid Cells 2) and PLCγ2 (Phospholipase C gamma2) – in microglia, and their role in neurodegenerative disorders. In this review we explore and discuss these recent advances and the opportunities that they may provide for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Magno
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Tom D Bunney
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Emma Mead
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Fredrik Svensson
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Magda N Bictash
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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40
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Ernest James Phillips T, Maguire E. Phosphoinositides: Roles in the Development of Microglial-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:652593. [PMID: 33841102 PMCID: PMC8032904 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.652593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are increasingly recognized as vital players in the pathology of a variety of neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) disease. While microglia have a protective role in the brain, their dysfunction can lead to neuroinflammation and contributes to disease progression. Also, a growing body of literature highlights the seven phosphoinositides, or PIPs, as key players in the regulation of microglial-mediated neuroinflammation. These small signaling lipids are phosphorylated derivates of phosphatidylinositol, are enriched in the brain, and have well-established roles in both homeostasis and disease.Disrupted PIP levels and signaling has been detected in a variety of dementias. Moreover, many known AD disease modifiers identified via genetic studies are expressed in microglia and are involved in phospholipid metabolism. One of these, the enzyme PLCγ2 that hydrolyzes the PIP species PI(4,5)P2, displays altered expression in AD and PD and is currently being investigated as a potential therapeutic target.Perhaps unsurprisingly, neurodegenerative conditions exhibiting PIP dyshomeostasis also tend to show alterations in aspects of microglial function regulated by these lipids. In particular, phosphoinositides regulate the activities of proteins and enzymes required for endocytosis, toll-like receptor signaling, purinergic signaling, chemotaxis, and migration, all of which are affected in a variety of neurodegenerative conditions. These functions are crucial to allow microglia to adequately survey the brain and respond appropriately to invading pathogens and other abnormalities, including misfolded proteins. AD and PD therapies are being developed to target many of the above pathways, and although not yet investigated, simultaneous PIP manipulation might enhance the beneficial effects observed. Currently, only limited therapeutics are available for dementia, and although these show some benefits for symptom severity and progression, they are far from curative. Given the importance of microglia and PIPs in dementia development, this review summarizes current research and asks whether we can exploit this information to design more targeted, or perhaps combined, dementia therapeutics. More work is needed to fully characterize the pathways discussed in this review, but given the strength of the current literature, insights in this area could be invaluable for the future of neurodegenerative disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Maguire
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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41
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Chen F, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wang T, Han Z, Zhang H, Gao S, Hu Y, Liu G. PLCG2 rs72824905 Variant Reduces the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:71-77. [PMID: 33523007 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the association of PLCG2 rs72824905 variant with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) using large-scale genetic association study datasets. We selected 50,024 AD cases and 467,330 controls, and 32,367 MS cases and 36,012 controls. We found moderate heterogeneity of rs72824905 in different studies. We found significant association between rs72824905 G allele and reduced AD risk (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.59-0.74, p = 5.91E-14). Importantly, rs72824905 G allele could also significantly reduce the risk of MS with OR = 0.94, p = 3.63E-05. Hence, the effects of rs72824905 on AD and MS are consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Longcai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifa Han
- School of Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyou Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Internet Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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42
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Liu X, Song Z, Li Y, Yao Y, Fang M, Bai C, An P, Chen H, Chen Z, Tang B, Shen J, Gao X, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang T, Jia H, Liu X, Hou Y, Yang H, Wang J, Wang F, Xu X, Min J, Nie C, Zeng Y. Integrated genetic analyses revealed novel human longevity loci and reduced risks of multiple diseases in a cohort study of 15,651 Chinese individuals. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13323. [PMID: 33657282 PMCID: PMC7963337 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in studying the genetic contributions to longevity, but limited relevant genes have been identified. In this study, we performed a genetic association study of longevity in a total of 15,651 Chinese individuals. Novel longevity loci, BMPER (rs17169634; p = 7.91 × 10-15 ) and TMEM43/XPC (rs1043943; p = 3.59 × 10-8 ), were identified in a case-control analysis of 11,045 individuals. BRAF (rs1267601; p = 8.33 × 10-15 ) and BMPER (rs17169634; p = 1.45 × 10-10 ) were significantly associated with life expectancy in 12,664 individuals who had survival status records. Additional sex-stratified analyses identified sex-specific longevity genes. Notably, sex-differential associations were identified in two linkage disequilibrium blocks in the TOMM40/APOE region, indicating potential differences during meiosis between males and females. Moreover, polygenic risk scores and Mendelian randomization analyses revealed that longevity was genetically causally correlated with reduced risks of multiple diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and arthritis. Finally, we incorporated genetic markers, disease status, and lifestyles to classify longevity or not-longevity groups and predict life span. Our predictive models showed good performance (AUC = 0.86 for longevity classification and explained 19.8% variance of life span) and presented a greater predictive efficiency in females than in males. Taken together, our findings not only shed light on the genetic contributions to longevity but also elucidate correlations between diseases and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
- BGI Education Center University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Zijun Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yan Li
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development Medical School of Duke University Durham USA
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies National School of Development, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Mingyan Fang
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Chen Bai
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies National School of Development, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, Peking University Beijing China
- School of Labor and Human Resources Renmin University Beijing China
| | - Peng An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Huashuai Chen
- Business School of Xiangtan University Xiangtan China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Biyao Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Juan Shen
- BGI Genomics BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | | | - Pengyu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Tao Zhang
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Huijue Jia
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Xiao Liu
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Yong Hou
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write Shenzhen China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chao Nie
- BGI‐Shenzhen Shenzhen China
- China National Genebank Shenzhen China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development Medical School of Duke University Durham USA
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies National School of Development, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, Peking University Beijing China
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Hoogmartens J, Cacace R, Van Broeckhoven C. Insight into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review of the role of rare variants. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12155. [PMID: 33665345 PMCID: PMC7896636 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is generally known as a dominant disease due to highly penetrant pathogenic mutations in the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 and 2. However, they explain only a fraction of EOAD patients (5% to 10%). Furthermore, only 10% to 15% of EOAD families present with clear autosomal dominant inheritance. Studies showed that only 35% to 60% of EOAD patients have at least one affected first-degree relative. Parent-offspring concordance in EOAD was estimated to be <10%, indicating that full penetrant dominant alleles are not the sole players in EOAD. We aim to summarize current knowledge of rare variants underlying familial and seemingly sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Genetic findings indicate that in addition to the amyloid beta pathway, other pathways are of importance in AD pathophysiology. We discuss the difficulties in interpreting the influence of rare variants on disease onset and we underline the value of carefully selected ethnicity-matched cohorts in AD genetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hoogmartens
- Neurodegenerative Brain DiseasesVIB Center for Molecular NeurologyAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Rita Cacace
- Neurodegenerative Brain DiseasesVIB Center for Molecular NeurologyAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain DiseasesVIB Center for Molecular NeurologyAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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Imbimbo BP, Lucca U, Watling M. Can Anti-β-amyloid Monoclonal Antibodies Work in Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer Disease? NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2020; 7:e535. [PMID: 33575481 PMCID: PMC7862085 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The dominant theory of Alzheimer disease (AD) has been that amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is the initial cause of the degeneration leading to cognitive and functional deficits. Autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD), in which pathologic mutations of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) or presenilins (PSENs) genes are known to cause abnormalities of Aβ metabolism, should thus offer perhaps the best opportunity to test anti-Aβ drugs. Two long-term preventive studies (Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Trials Unit Adaptive Prevention Trial [DIAN-TU-APT] and Alzheimer Preventive Initiative-ADAD) were set up to evaluate the efficacy of monoclonal anti-Aβ antibodies (solanezumab, gantenerumab, and crenezumab) in carriers of ADAD, but the results of the DIAN-TU-APT study have shown that neither solanezumab nor gantenerumab slowed cognitive decline in 144 subjects with ADAD followed for 4 years, despite one of the drugs (gantenerumab) significantly affected biomarkers relevant to their intended mechanism of action. Surprisingly, solanezumab significantly accelerated cognitive decline of both asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects. These failures further undermine the Aβ hypothesis and could support the suggestion that ADAD is triggered by accumulation of other APP metabolites, rather than Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research & Development (B.P.I.), Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy; Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry (U.L.), Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy; and CNS & Pain Department (M.W.), TranScrip Partners, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ugo Lucca
- Department of Research & Development (B.P.I.), Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy; Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry (U.L.), Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy; and CNS & Pain Department (M.W.), TranScrip Partners, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Watling
- Department of Research & Development (B.P.I.), Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy; Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry (U.L.), Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy; and CNS & Pain Department (M.W.), TranScrip Partners, Reading, United Kingdom
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Katan M, Cockcroft S. Phospholipase C families: Common themes and versatility in physiology and pathology. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101065. [PMID: 32966869 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase Cs (PLCs) are expressed in all mammalian cells and play critical roles in signal transduction. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of these enzymes in physiology and pathology, a detailed structural, biochemical, cell biological and genetic information is required. In this review, we cover all these aspects to summarize current knowledge of the entire superfamily. The families of PLCs have expanded from 13 enzymes to 16 with the identification of the atypical PLCs in the human genome. Recent structural insights highlight the common themes that cover not only the substrate catalysis but also the mechanisms of activation. This involves the release of autoinhibitory interactions that, in the absence of stimulation, maintain classical PLC enzymes in their inactive forms. Studies of individual PLCs provide a rich repertoire of PLC function in different physiologies. Furthermore, the genetic studies discovered numerous mutated and rare variants of PLC enzymes and their link to human disease development, greatly expanding our understanding of their roles in diverse pathologies. Notably, substantial evidence now supports involvement of different PLC isoforms in the development of specific cancer types, immune disorders and neurodegeneration. These advances will stimulate the generation of new drugs that target PLC enzymes, and will therefore open new possibilities for treatment of a number of diseases where current therapies remain ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shamshad Cockcroft
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, 21 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.
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Phongpreecha T, Fernandez R, Mrdjen D, Culos A, Gajera CR, Wawro AM, Stanley N, Gaudilliere B, Poston KL, Aghaeepour N, Montine TJ. Single-cell peripheral immunoprofiling of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabd5575. [PMID: 33239300 PMCID: PMC7688332 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd5575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may provide insight into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated PBMC samples from 132 well-characterized research participants using seven canonical immune stimulants, mass cytometric identification of 35 PBMC subsets, and single-cell quantification of 15 intracellular signaling markers, followed by machine learning model development to increase predictive power. From these, three main intracellular signaling pathways were identified specifically in PBMC subsets from people with AD versus controls: reduced activation of PLCγ2 across many cell types and stimulations and selectively variable activation of STAT1 and STAT5, depending on stimulant and cell type. Our findings functionally buttress the now multiply-validated observation that a rare coding variant in PLCG2 is associated with a decreased risk of AD. Together, these data suggest enhanced PLCγ2 activity as a potential new therapeutic target for AD with a readily accessible pharmacodynamic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaphong Phongpreecha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Dunja Mrdjen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Culos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam M Wawro
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Stanley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Strickland SL, Morel H, Prusinski C, Allen M, Patel TA, Carrasquillo MM, Conway OJ, Lincoln SJ, Reddy JS, Nguyen T, Malphrus KG, Soto AI, Walton RL, Crook JE, Murray ME, Boeve BF, Petersen RC, Lucas JA, Ferman TJ, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Ross OA, Graff-Radford NR, Dickson DW, Ertekin-Taner N. Association of ABI3 and PLCG2 missense variants with disease risk and neuropathology in Lewy body disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:172. [PMID: 33092647 PMCID: PMC7579984 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Missense variants ABI3_rs616338-T and PLCG2_rs72824905-G were previously associated with elevated or reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), respectively. Despite reports of associations with other neurodegenerative diseases, there are few studies of these variants in purely neuropathologically diagnosed cohorts. Further, the effect of these mutations on neurodegenerative disease pathologies is unknown. In this study, we tested the effects of ABI3_rs616338-T and PLCG2_rs72824905-G on disease risk in autopsy cohorts comprised of 973 patients diagnosed neuropathologically with Lewy body disease (LBD-NP) and 1040 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), compared to 3351 controls. LBD-NP patients were further categorized as high, intermediate and low likelihood of clinical dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB-CL) based on DLB Consortium criteria. We also tested for association with both Braak neurofibrillary tau tangle (nTotal = 2008, nPSP = 1037, nLBD-NP = 971) and Thal phase amyloid plaque scores (nTotal = 1786, nPSP = 1018, nLBD-NP = 768). Additionally, 841 PSP patients had quantitative tau neuropathology measures that were assessed for genetic associations. There was no statistically significant association with disease risk for either LBD-NP or PSP in our study. LBD intermediate category disease risk was significantly associated with ABI3_rs616338-T (OR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.46-4.83, p = 0.001). PLCG2_rs72824905-G was associated with lower Braak stage (ß = - 0.822, 95% CI - 1.439 to - 0.204, p = 0.009). This effect was more pronounced in the PSP (ß = - 0.995, 95% CI - 1.773 to - 0.218, p = 0.012) than LBD-NP patients (ß = - 0.292, 95% CI - 1.283 to 0.698, p = 0.563). PLCG2_rs72824905-G also showed association with reduced quantitative tau pathology for each lesion type and overall tau burden in PSP (ß = - 0.638, 95% CI - 1.139 to - 0.136, p = 0.013). These findings support a role for PLCG2_rs72824905-G in suppressing tau neuropathology. ABI3_rs616338-T may influence disease risk specifically in the LBD-NP intermediate category comprised of patients with diffuse neocortical or limbic LB, concurrently with moderate or high AD neuropathology, respectively. Our study provides a potential mechanism of action for the missense PLCG2 variant and suggests a differential disease risk effect for ABI3 in a distinct LBD-NP neuropathologic category.
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Sierksma A, Escott-Price V, De Strooper B. Translating genetic risk of Alzheimer’s disease into mechanistic insight and drug targets. Science 2020; 370:61-66. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb8575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To provide better prevention and treatment, we need to understand the environmental and genetic risks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the definition of AD has been confounded with dementia in many studies. Thus, overinterpretation of genetic findings with regard to mechanisms and drug targets may explain, in part, controversies in the field. Here, we analyze the different forms of genetic risk of AD and how these can be used to model disease. We stress the importance of studying gene variants in the right cell types and in the right pathological context. The lack of mechanistic understanding of genetic variation has become the major bottleneck in the search for new drug targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annerieke Sierksma
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Tesi N, van der Lee SJ, Hulsman M, Jansen IE, Stringa N, van Schoor NM, Scheltens P, van der Flier WM, Huisman M, Reinders MJT, Holstege H. Immune response and endocytosis pathways are associated with the resilience against Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:332. [PMID: 32994401 PMCID: PMC7524800 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is influenced by multiple genetic variants that are involved in five major AD-pathways. Per individual, these pathways may differentially contribute to the modification of the AD-risk. The pathways involved in the resilience against AD have thus far been poorly addressed. Here, we investigated to what extent each molecular mechanism associates with (i) the increased risk of AD and (ii) the resilience against AD until extreme old age, by comparing pathway-specific polygenic risk scores (pathway-PRS). We used 29 genetic variants associated with AD to develop pathway-PRS for five major pathways involved in AD. We developed an integrative framework that allows multiple genes to associate with a variant, and multiple pathways to associate with a gene. We studied pathway-PRS in the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort of well-phenotyped AD patients (N = 1895), Dutch population controls from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (N = 1654) and our unique 100-plus Study cohort of cognitively healthy centenarians who avoided AD (N = 293). Last, we estimated the contribution of each pathway to the genetic risk of AD in the general population. All pathway-PRS significantly associated with increased AD-risk and (in the opposite direction) with resilience against AD (except for angiogenesis, p < 0.05). The pathway that contributed most to the overall modulation of AD-risk was β-amyloid metabolism (29.6%), which was driven mainly by APOE-variants. After excluding APOE variants, all pathway-PRS associated with increased AD-risk (except for angiogenesis, p < 0.05), while specifically immune response (p = 0.003) and endocytosis (p = 0.0003) associated with resilience against AD. Indeed, the variants in these latter two pathways became the main contributors to the overall modulation of genetic risk of AD (45.5% and 19.2%, respectively). The genetic variants associated with the resilience against AD indicate which pathways are involved with maintained cognitive functioning until extreme ages. Our work suggests that a favorable immune response and a maintained endocytosis pathway might be involved in general neuro-protection, which highlight the need to investigate these pathways, next to β-amyloid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Tesi
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Hulsman
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Iris E Jansen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Najada Stringa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J T Reinders
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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50
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The Rise of Dementia With Lewy Bodies: Nursing Interventions and Implications. J Neurosci Nurs 2020; 52:311-315. [PMID: 32925559 DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0000000000000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are highly associated. As the elderly population in the United States increases, so will the incidence of DLB. Nurses increasingly can expect to care for this population. This article will examine and explain the current literature describing the state of DLB as well as best practices for nursing care of physical, psychosocial, and educational needs of DLB patients, families, and caregivers. METHODS CINAHL Complete and Google Scholar were used to search for relevant literature within the last 6 years. The following keywords were used alone or in combination: "Lewy," "Lewy body," "dementia," "aging," "caregiver," "support," and "nursing." RESULTS Eighty articles were reviewed and 26 were chosen, along with 1 government website, for this review article. Dementia with Lewy bodies is defined, and the presentation is described. Behavioral and psychological, motor, autonomic, and cognitive symptoms most common and those considered to be hallmarks are explained. Diagnosis and both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, along with nursing implications and interventions, are provided. CONCLUSION Early recognition of signs and symptoms of DLB helps to provide timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The importance of knowledge acquisition for nurses to better care for DLB patients and their families is addressed throughout the article.
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