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Porcine placental extract increase the cellular NAD levels in human epidermal keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19040. [PMID: 36352014 PMCID: PMC9646745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential cofactor for numerous enzymes involved in energy metabolism. Because decreasing NAD levels is a common hallmark of the aging process in various tissues and organs, maintaining NAD levels has recently been of interest for the prevention of aging and age-related diseases. Although placental extract (PE) are known to possess several anti-aging effects, the NAD-boosting activity of PE remains unknown. In this study, we found that porcine PE (PPE) significantly increased intracellular NAD levels in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). PPE also attenuated the NAD depletion induced by FK866, an inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Interestingly, only the fraction containing nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and nicotinamide (NAM) restored NAD content in NHEKs in the absence of NAMPT activity. These results suggest that PPE increases intracellular NAD by providing NAD precursors such as NMN, NR, and NAM. Finally, we showed that the application of PPE to the stratum corneum of the reconstructed human epidermis significantly ameliorated FK866-induced NAD depletion, suggesting that topical PPE may be helpful for increasing skin NAD levels. This is the first study to report the novel biological activity of PE as an NAD booster in human epidermal cells.
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2
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Lv J, Yang S, Lv M, Lv J, Sui Y, Guo S. Protective roles of mesenchymal stem cells on skin photoaging: A narrative review. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101746. [PMID: 35182986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin is a natural barrier of human body and a visual indicator of aging process. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the sunlight may injure the skin tissues and cause local damage. Besides, it is reported that repetitive or long-term exposure to UV radiation may reduce the collagen production, change the normal skin structure and cause premature skin aging. This is termed "photoaging". The classical symptoms of photoaging include increased roughness, wrinkle formation, mottled pigmentation or even precancerous changes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of cells with the ability of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation into many types of cells, like adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Researchers have explored diverse pharmacological actions of MSCs because of their migratory activity, paracrine actions and immunoregulation effects. In recent years, the huge potential of MSCs in preventing skin from photoaging has gained wide attention. MSCs exert their beneficial effects on skin photoaging via antioxidant effect, anti-apoptotic/anti-inflammatory effect, reduction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and activation of dermal fibroblasts proliferation. MSCs and MSC related products have demonstrated huge potential in the treatment of skin photoaging. This narrative review concisely sums up the recent research developments on the roles of MSCs in protection against photoaging and highlights the enormous potential of MSCs in skin photoaging treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Lv
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shude Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengzhu Lv
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiarui Lv
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanan Sui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Bellei B, Migliano E, Picardo M. Research update of adipose tissue-based therapies in regenerative dermatology. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1956-1973. [PMID: 35230644 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have a spontaneous propensity to support tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Among the several sources of MSCs, adipose-derived tissue stem cells (ADSCs) have received major interest due to the higher mesenchymal stem cells concentration, ease, and safety of access. However, since a significant part of the natural capacity of ADSCs to repair damaged tissue is ascribable to their secretory activity that combines mitogenic factors, cytokines, chemokines, lipids, and extracellular matrix components, several studies focused on cell-free strategies. Furthermore, adipose cell-free derivatives are becoming more attractive especially for non-volumizing purposes, such as most dermatological conditions. However, when keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, adipocytes, and hair follicle cells might not be locally sourced, graft of materials containing concentrated ADSCs is preferred. The usage of extracellular elements of adipose tissue aims to promote a self-autonomous regenerative microenvironment in the receiving area restoring physiological homeostasis. Hence, ADSCs or their paracrine activity are currently being studied in several dermatological settings including wound healing, skin fibrosis, burn, and aging.The present work analyzing both preclinical and clinical experiences gives an overview of the efficacy of adipose tissue-derivatives like autologous fat, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), purified ADSCs, secretome and extracellular matrix graft in the field of regenerative medicine for the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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4
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Costello L, Dicolandrea T, Tasseff R, Isfort R, Bascom C, von Zglinicki T, Przyborski S. Tissue engineering strategies to bioengineer the ageing skin phenotype in vitro. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13550. [PMID: 35037366 PMCID: PMC8844123 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin ageing is a complex and heterogeneous process, which is influenced by genetically determined intrinsic factors and accelerated by cumulative exposure to extrinsic stressors. In the current world ageing demographic, there is a requirement for a bioengineered ageing skin model, to further the understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms of skin ageing, and provide a distinct and biologically relevant platform for testing actives and formulations. There have been many recent advances in the development of skin models that recapitulate aspects of the ageing phenotype in vitro. This review encompasses the features of skin ageing, the molecular mechanisms that drive the ageing phenotype, and tissue engineering strategies that have been utilised to bioengineer ageing skin in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan Tasseff
- Procter and Gamble Mason Business Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Robert Isfort
- Procter and Gamble Mason Business Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Charlie Bascom
- Procter and Gamble Mason Business Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences Durham University Durham UK
- Reprocell Europe Glasgow, Durham UK
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Development of an Aged Full-Thickness Skin Model Using Flexible Skin-on-a-Chip Subjected to Mechanical Stimulus Reflecting the Circadian Rhythm. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312788. [PMID: 34884594 PMCID: PMC8657468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is subject to both intrinsic aging caused by metabolic processes in the body and extrinsic aging caused by exposure to environmental factors. Intrinsic aging is an important obstacle to in vitro experimentation as its long-term progression is difficult to replicate. Here, we accelerated aging of a full-thickness skin equivalent by applying periodic mechanical stimulation, replicating the circadian rhythm for 28 days. This aging skin model was developed by culturing a full-thickness, three-dimensional skin equivalent with human fibroblasts and keratinocytes to produce flexible skin-on-a-chip. Accelerated aging associated with periodic compressive stress was evidenced by reductions in the epidermal layer thickness, contraction rate, and secretion of Myb. Increases in β-galactosidase gene expression and secretion of reactive oxygen species and transforming growth factor-β1 were also observed. This in vitro aging skin model is expected to greatly accelerate drug development for skin diseases and cosmetics that cannot be tested on animals.
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6
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Chavoshnejad P, Foroughi AH, Dhandapani N, German GK, Razavi MJ. Effect of collagen degradation on the mechanical behavior and wrinkling of skin. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:034406. [PMID: 34654184 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.034406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chronological skin aging is a complex process that is controlled by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. One major factor is the gradual degradation of the dermal collagen fiber network. As a step toward understanding the mechanistic importance of dermal tissue in the process of aging, this study employs analytical and multiscale computational models to elucidate the effect of collagen fiber bundle disintegration on the mechanical properties and topography of skin. Here, human skin is modeled as a soft composite with an anisotropic dermal layer. The anisotropy of the tissue is governed by collagen fiber bundles with varying densities, average fiber alignments, and normalized alignment distributions. In all finite element models examined, collagen fiber bundle degradation results in progressive decreases in dermal and full-thickness composite stiffness. This reduction is more profound when collagen bundles align with the compression axis. Aged skin models with low collagen fiber bundle densities under compression exhibit notably smaller critical wrinkling strains and larger critical wavelengths than younger skin models, in agreement with in vivo wrinkling behavior with age. The propensity for skin wrinkling can be directly attributable to the degradation of collagen fiber bundles, a relationship that has previously been assumed but unsubstantiated. While linear-elastic analytical models fail to capture the postbuckling behavior in skin, nonlinear finite element models can predict the complex bifurcations of the compressed skin with different densities of collagen bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorya Chavoshnejad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, New York 13902, USA
| | - Ali H Foroughi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, New York 13902, USA
| | - Niranjana Dhandapani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Guy K German
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Mir Jalil Razavi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, New York 13902, USA
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Gentile P, Garcovich S. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AD-MSCs) against Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation Effects and the Skin Photoaging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050532. [PMID: 34064624 PMCID: PMC8151305 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a natural barrier against the ultraviolet (UV) radiation of sunlight. The long-term and/or repetitive exposure to the sunlight and related UV radiation may change the skin structure, decreasing collagen production, promoting premature skin aging, which is termed "photoaging". The signs of photoaging include wrinkle formation, mottled pigmentation, and/or cancerous changes. For many years, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) and fat grafting (F-GRF) have been used to combat photoaging signs, wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and face soft tissue defects. Several studies have analyzed in vitro actions of AD-MSCs against photoaging's effects, thanks to their migratory activity, paracrine actions, and related in vivo-ex vivo outcomes. In fact, AD-MSCs act against skin photoaging in vitro via activation of dermal fibroblast proliferation, antioxidant effect, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) reduction. In vivo and ex vivo outcomes regard the local injection of AD-MSCs, F-GRF, and/or enriched-F-GRF with AD-MSCs directly in the wrinkles and the face's soft tissue defects. This concise review summarizes the most recent in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo outcomes and developments on the effects of AD-MSCs and F-GRF against photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gentile
- Department of Surgical Science, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical School, “Tor Vergata” University, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Scientific Director of Academy of International Regenerative Medicine & Surgery Societies (AIRMESS), 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3388-5154-79
| | - Simone Garcovich
- Institute of Dermatology, F. Policlinico Gemelli IRCSS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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The Paracrine Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Orchestrates Competition between Different Damaged Dermal Fibroblasts to Repair UVB-Induced Skin Aging. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8878370. [PMID: 33381190 PMCID: PMC7759414 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8878370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) are the primary cells in skin and are associated with UVB-induced skin photoaging. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been proposed as a treatment for skin aging. The goal of this study was to investigate paracrine mechanisms by which ASCs repair HDFs damage from UVB exposure. Methods ASCs were cocultured with UVB-irradiated and nonirradiated HDFs. We compared HDF senescence, proliferation, migration, oxidative stress, and cytokine expression. In a nude mouse UVB-induced photoaging model, ASCs were injected subcutaneously, and skin samples were collected weekly between postoperative weeks 3 through 7. Histological analysis, PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the effect of ASCs. Results Compared with UVB-irradiated HDFs, nonirradiated HDFs showed higher proliferation and migration, reduced apoptosis, and fewer senescent cells when cocultured with ASCs. The expression of extracellular matrix-related cytokines was also regulated by ASCs. In addition, ASCs effectively reversed UVB-induced skin photoaging in vivo. We propose that ASCs more robustly coordinate healthy HDFs than UVB-damaged HDFs to repair aging skin. Conclusions ASCs improved the function of both UVB-damaged and healthy HDFs through paracrine effects. However, the impact of ASCs on healthy HDFs was greater than UVB-damaged HDFs. These findings help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the skin rejuvenation effect of ASCs.
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9
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DNA damage in aging, the stem cell perspective. Hum Genet 2019; 139:309-331. [PMID: 31324975 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage is one of the most consistent cellular process proposed to contribute to aging. The maintenance of genomic and epigenomic integrity is critical for proper function of cells and tissues throughout life, and this homeostasis is under constant strain from both extrinsic and intrinsic insults. Considering the relationship between lifespan and genotoxic burden, it is plausible that the longest-lived cellular populations would face an accumulation of DNA damage over time. Tissue-specific stem cells are multipotent populations residing in localized niches and are responsible for maintaining all lineages of their resident tissue/system throughout life. However, many of these stem cells are impacted by genotoxic stress. Several factors may dictate the specific stem cell population response to DNA damage, including the niche location, life history, and fate decisions after damage accrual. This leads to differential handling of DNA damage in different stem cell compartments. Given the importance of adult stem cells in preserving normal tissue function during an individual's lifetime, DNA damage sensitivity and accumulation in these compartments could have crucial implications for aging. Despite this, more support for direct functional effects driven by accumulated DNA damage in adult stem cell compartments is needed. This review will present current evidence for the accumulation and potential influence of DNA damage in adult tissue-specific stem cells and propose inquiry directions that could benefit individual healthspan.
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11
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Casale C, Imparato G, Urciuolo F, Rescigno F, Scamardella S, Escolino M, Netti PA. Engineering a human skin equivalent to study dermis remodelling and epidermis senescence in vitro after UVA exposure. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1658-1669. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Casale
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II P.le Tecchio 80; Naples Italy
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53; Naples Italy
| | - Francesco Urciuolo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI); University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Francesca Rescigno
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53; Naples Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Sara Scamardella
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53; Naples Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Maria Escolino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Surgery Unit; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53; Naples Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
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Anti-aging Properties of Conditioned Media of Epidermal Progenitor Cells Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2018; 8:229-244. [PMID: 29500741 PMCID: PMC6002314 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-018-0229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reduced number and activities of epidermal stem cells are related to the features of photoaged skin. It was reported that conditioned media from various stem cell cultures are capable of improving the signs of cutaneous aging. This work was performed to establish epidermal progenitor cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells, and to evaluate the anti-aging efficacy of its conditioned media. METHODS Epidermal progenitor cell culture was established by differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells, and its conditioned medium (EPC-CM) was prepared. Normal human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to hydrogen peroxide and the protective effects of EPC-CM were investigated, monitoring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular defense enzymes, collagen biosynthesis, and mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Anti-aging efficacy of cosmetic essence (5% EPC-CM) was evaluated by a clinical test with 25 Korean women aged between 29 and 69. RESULTS Hydrogen peroxide hindered proliferation of fibroblasts and increased the levels of intracellular ROS. Pretreatment of EPC-CM protected fibroblasts from oxidative stress as shown by accelerated proliferation and reduced ROS generation. EPC-CM effectively prevented hydrogen peroxide-induced alterations of the activities, as well as mRNA and protein levels, of antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Reduced type I collagen biosynthesis and stimulated phosphorylation of MAPK signaling proteins, induced by oxidative damage, were also prevented by EPC-CM. In clinical study, wrinkle, depression, and skin texture were improved by the topical application of a formulation containing 5% EPC-CM within 4 weeks. CONCLUSION Epidermal progenitor cell culture was established, and its conditioned medium was developed for anti-aging therapy. EPC-CM improved signs of skin aging in clinical study, possibly via activation of cellular the defense system, as supported by in vitro results.
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Shungite against Ultraviolet B Irradiation-Induced Skin Damage in Hairless Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7340143. [PMID: 28894510 PMCID: PMC5574306 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7340143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As fullerene-based compound applications have been rapidly increasing in the health industry, the need of biomedical research is urgently in demand. While shungite is regarded as a natural source of fullerene, it remains poorly documented. Here, we explored the in vivo effects of shungite against ultraviolet B- (UVB-) induced skin damage by investigating the physiological skin parameters, immune-redox profiling, and oxidative stress molecular signaling. Toward this, mice were UVB-irradiated with 0.75 mW/cm2 for two consecutive days. Consecutively, shungite was topically applied on the dorsal side of the mice for 7 days. First, we found significant improvements in the skin parameters of the shungite-treated groups revealed by the reduction in roughness, pigmentation, and wrinkle measurement. Second, the immunokine profiling in mouse serum and skin lysates showed a reduction in the proinflammatory response in the shungite-treated groups. Accordingly, the redox profile of shungite-treated groups showed counterbalance of ROS/RNS and superoxide levels in serum and skin lysates. Last, we have confirmed the involvement of Nrf2- and MAPK-mediated oxidative stress pathways in the antioxidant mechanism of shungite. Collectively, the results clearly show that shungite has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action against UVB-induced skin damage in hairless mice.
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Gasperini AE, Sanchez S, Doiron AL, Lyles M, German GK. Non-ionising UV light increases the optical density of hygroscopic self assembled DNA crystal films. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6631. [PMID: 28747733 PMCID: PMC5529544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on ultraviolet (UV) light induced increases in the UV optical density of thin and optically transparent crystalline DNA films formed through self assembly. The films are comprised of closely packed, multi-faceted and sub micron sized crystals. UV-Vis spectrophotometry reveals that DNA films with surface densities up to 0.031 mg/mm2 can reduce the transmittance of incident UVC and UVB light by up to 90%, and UVA transmittance by up to 20%. Subsequent and independent film irradiation with either UVA or UVB dosages upwards of 80 J/cm2 both reduce UV transmittance, with reductions scaling monotonically with UV dosage. To date the induction of a hyperchromic effect has been demonstrated using heat, pH, high salt mediums, and high energy ionising radiation. Both hyperchromicity and increased light scattering could account for the increased film optical density after UV irradiation. Additional characterisation of the films reveal they are highly absorbent and hygroscopic. When coated on human skin, they are capable of slowing water evaporation and keeping the tissue hydrated for extended periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susy Sanchez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Amber L Doiron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Mark Lyles
- Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Guy K German
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Skin Aging: The Role of DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Epidermal Stem Cell Damage Mediated Skin Aging. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7370642. [PMID: 27148370 PMCID: PMC4842382 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7370642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest human organ. Skin continually reconstructs itself to ensure its viability, integrity, and ability to provide protection for the body. Some areas of skin are continuously exposed to a variety of environmental stressors that can inflict direct and indirect damage to skin cell DNA. Skin homeostasis is maintained by mesenchymal stem cells in inner layer dermis and epidermal stem cells (ESCs) in the outer layer epidermis. Reduction of skin stem cell number and function has been linked to impaired skin homeostasis (e.g., skin premature aging and skin cancers). Skin stem cells, with self-renewal capability and multipotency, are frequently affected by environment. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a major cause of stem cell DNA damage, can contribute to depletion of stem cells (ESCs and mesenchymal stem cells) and damage of stem cell niche, eventually leading to photoinduced skin aging. In this review, we discuss the role of UV-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in the skin stem cell aging in order to gain insights into the pathogenesis and develop a way to reduce photoaging of skin cells.
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17
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Peng Y, Xuan M, Leung VYL, Cheng B. Stem cells and aberrant signaling of molecular systems in skin aging. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 19:8-21. [PMID: 25446806 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the body's largest organ and it is able to self-repair throughout an individual's life. With advanced age, skin is prone to degenerate in response to damage. Although cosmetic surgery has been widely adopted to rejuvinate skin, we are far from a clear understanding of the mechanisms responsible for skin aging. Recently, adult skin-resident stem/progenitor cells, growth arrest, senescence or apoptotic death and dysfunction caused by alterations in key signaling genes, such as Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt-kinases, Wnt, p21 and p53, have been shown to play a vital role in skin regeneration. Simultaneously, enhanced telomere attrition, hormone exhaustion, oxidative stress, genetic events and ultraviolet radiation exposure that result in severe DNA damage, genomic instability and epigenetic mutations also contribute to skin aging. Therefore, cell replacement and targeting of the molecular systems found in skin hold great promise for controlling or even curing skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L9-12, Lab block, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou command, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, GuangDong, 510010, PR China
| | - Min Xuan
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510010, PR China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou command, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, GuangDong, 510010, PR China
| | - Victor Y L Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L9-12, Lab block, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Biao Cheng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510010, PR China.
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Modulation of keratin 1, 10 and involucrin expression as part of the complex response of the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT to ultraviolet radiation. Interdiscip Toxicol 2014; 6:203-8. [PMID: 24678259 PMCID: PMC3945759 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2013-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light evokes a complex stress response in keratinocytes. Keratin filament organization provides structural stability and mechanical integrity of keratinocytes. Involucrin is a transglutaminase substrate protein contributing to the formation of insoluble cornified envelopes. However, a more complex role for keratins and involucrin has been proposed, including the regulation of cell stress response. The aim was to evaluate modulations of keratin 1, 10 and involucrin expression in HaCaT in the light of the complex response of these cells to UV-B radiation, including effects on c-Jun and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) gene expression and production of interleukin (IL) 6 and 8. A UV-B (300±5 nm) dose of 10 mJ/cm2 was selected since this dose resulted in a partial decrease in cell viability in contrast to higher UV-B doses, which induced complete cell death 48 h after treatment. The UV-B radiation induced significant expression of keratin 1 and 10 and decreased expression of involucrin. This was accompanied by increased expression of c-Jun and MMP-1 and IL-6 and IL-8 production. The data suggest that the expression of keratin 1, 10 and involucrin is modulated in HaCaT keratinocytes as a part of the complex stress response to UV radiation.
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The desmosomal protein desmoglein 1 aids recovery of epidermal differentiation after acute UV light exposure. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2154-2162. [PMID: 24594668 PMCID: PMC4102640 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal structure is damaged by exposure to UV light, but the molecular mechanisms governing structural repair are largely unknown. UVB (290-320 nm wavelengths) exposure before induction of differentiation reduced expression of differentiation-associated proteins, including desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), desmocollin 1 (Dsc1), and keratins 1 and 10 (K1/K10), in a dose-dependent manner in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). The UVB-induced reduction in both Dsg1 transcript and protein was associated with reduced binding of the p63 transcription factor to previously unreported enhancer regulatory regions of the Dsg1 gene. As Dsg1 promotes epidermal differentiation in addition to participating in cell-cell adhesion, the role of Dsg1 in aiding differentiation after UVB damage was tested. Compared with controls, depleting Dsg1 via short hairpin RNA resulted in further reduction of Dsc1 and K1/K10 expression in monolayer NHEK cultures and in abnormal epidermal architecture in organotypic skin models recovering from UVB exposure. Ectopic expression of Dsg1 in keratinocyte monolayers rescued the UVB-induced differentiation defect. Treatment of UVB-exposed monolayer or organotypic cultures with trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, partially restored differentiation marker expression, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for reversing UV-induced impairment of epidermal differentiation after acute sun exposure.
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Yoon KS, Huang XZ, Yoon YS, Kim SK, Song SB, Chang BS, Kim DH, Lee KJ. Histological study on the effect of electrolyzed reduced water-bathing on UVB radiation-induced skin injury in hairless mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 34:1671-7. [PMID: 22040878 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrolyzed reduced water (ERW), functional water, has various beneficial effects via antioxidant mechanism in vivo and in vitro. However there is no study about beneficial effects of ERW bathing. This study aimed to determine the effect of ERW bathing on the UVB-induced skin injury in hairless mice. For this purpose, mice were irradiated with UVB to cause skin injury, followed by individually taken a bath in ERW (ERW-bathing) and tap water (TW-bathing) for 21 d. We examined cytokines profile in acute period, and histological and ultrastructural observation of skin in chronic period. We found that UVB-mediated skin injury of ERW-bathing group was significantly low compared to TW control group in the early stage of experiment. Consistently, epidermal thickening as well as the number of dermal mast cell was significantly lowered in ERW-bathing group. Defection of corneocytes under the scanning electron microscope was less observed in ERW-bathing group than in TW-bathing group. Further, the level of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-12p70 in ERW group decreased whereas those of IL-10 increased. Collectively, our data indicate that ERW-bathing significantly reduces UVB-induced skin damage through influencing pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine balance in hairless mice. This suggests that ERW-bathing has a positive effect on acute UVB-mediated skin disorders. This is the first report on bathing effects of ERW in UVB-induced skin injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Su Yoon
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, South Korea
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Huixia Q, Xiaohui L, Chengda Y, Yanlu Z, Senee J, Laurent A, Bazin R, Flament F, Adam A, Piot B. Instrumental and clinical studies of the facial skin tone and pigmentation of Shanghaiese women. Changes induced by age and a cosmetic whitening product. Int J Cosmet Sci 2011; 34:49-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Piérard-Franchimont C, Piérard GE, Quatresooz P. Focus on skin cancer association and progression under TNF antagonist therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:1215-22. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.582463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ruetze M, Dunckelmann K, Schade A, Reuschlein K, Mielke H, Weise JM, Gallinat S, Wenck H, Knott A. Damage at the root of cell renewal--UV sensitivity of human epidermal stem cells. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 64:16-22. [PMID: 21862292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermis harbors adult stem cells that reside in the basal layer and ensure the continuous maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Various studies imply that stem cells generally possess specific defense mechanisms against several forms of exogenous stress factors. As sun exposition is the most prevalent impact on human skin, this feature would be of particular importance in terms of sensitivity to UV-induced DNA damage. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether human epidermal stem cells are susceptible to UV-induced DNA damage and subsequent functional impairment. METHODS A method to isolate human epidermal stem cells from suction blister epidermis was established and validated. Volunteers were treated with solar-simulated irradiation on test areas of the forearm and stem cells were isolated from suction blister material of this region. DNA damage was analyzed by staining for cyclobutane thymidine dimers. The functional consequences of UV-induced damages were assessed by colony forming efficiency assays and gene expression analyses. RESULTS Compared to an unirradiated control, stem cells isolated from areas that were exposed to solar-simulated radiation showed significantly more DNA lesions. Although the number of stem cells was not reduced by this treatment, a functional impairment of stem cells could be shown by reduced colony forming efficiency and altered gene expression of stem cell markers. CONCLUSIONS Despite their essential role in skin maintenance, epidermal stem cells are sensitive to physiological doses of UV irradiation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ruetze
- Beiersdorf AG, R&D, Skin Research Center, Unnastr. 48, 20253 Hamburg, Germany
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XI ZHOU, SHUXIAN YAN, ZHONG LU, HUI QIAN, YAN WANG, HUILIN DING, LEIHONG XIANG, GOLD MICHAELH. Topical 5-Aminolevulinic Acid with Intense Pulsed Light versus Intense Pulsed Light for Photodamage in Chinese Patients. Dermatol Surg 2011; 37:31-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Recent advances on skin-resident stem/progenitor cell functions in skin regeneration, aging and cancers and novel anti-aging and cancer therapies. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:116-34. [PMID: 19725922 PMCID: PMC2916233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in skin-resident adult stem/progenitor cell research have revealed that these immature and regenerative cells with a high longevity provide critical functions in maintaining skin homeostasis and repair after severe injuries along the lifespan of individuals. The establishment of the functional properties of distinct adult stem/progenitor cells found in skin epidermis and hair follicles and extrinsic signals from their niches, which are deregulated during their aging and malignant transformation, has significantly improved our understanding on the etiopathogenesis of diverse human skin disorders and cancers. Particularly, enhanced ultraviolet radiation exposure, inflammation and oxidative stress and telomere attrition during chronological aging may induce severe DNA damages and genomic instability in the skin-resident stem/progenitor cells and their progenies. These molecular events may result in the alterations in key signalling components controlling their self-renewal and/or regenerative capacities as well as the activation of tumour suppressor gene products that trigger their growth arrest and senescence or apoptotic death. The progressive decline in the regenerative functions and/or number of skin-resident adult stem/progenitor cells may cause diverse skin diseases with advancing age. Moreover, the photoaging, telomerase re-activation and occurrence of different oncogenic events in skin-resident adult stem/progenitor cells may also culminate in their malignant transformation into cancer stem/progenitor cells and skin cancer initiation and progression. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant treatments and stem cell-replacement and gene therapies as well as the molecular targeting of their malignant counterpart, skin cancer-initiating cells offer great promise to treat diverse skin disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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Charruyer A, Barland CO, Yue L, Wessendorf HB, Lu Y, Lawrence HJ, Mancianti ML, Ghadially R. Transit-amplifying cell frequency and cell cycle kinetics are altered in aged epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:2574-83. [PMID: 19458632 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aged epidermis is less proliferative than young, as exemplified by slower wound healing. However, it is not known whether quantitative and/or qualitative alterations in the stem and/or transit-amplifying (TA) compartments are responsible for the decreased proliferation. Earlier studies found a normal or decreased frequency of putative epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) with aging. We show, using long-term repopulation in vivo and colony formation in vitro, that, although no significant difference was detected in EpiSC frequency with aging, TA cell frequency is increased. Moreover, aged TA cells persist longer, whereas their younger counterparts have already differentiated. Underlying the alteration in TA cell kinetics in the aged is an increase in the proportion of cycling keratinocytes, as well as an increase in cell cycle duration. In summary, although no significant difference in EpiSC frequency was found, TA cell frequency was increased (as measured by in vivo repopulation, growth fraction, and colony formation). Furthermore, the proliferative capacity (cellular output) of individual aged EpiSCs and TA cells was decreased compared to that of young cells. Although longer cell cycle duration contributes to the decreased proliferative output from aged progenitors, the greater number of TA cells may be a compensatory mechanism tending to offset this deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Charruyer
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
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Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in aging and the malignant transformation of adult stem/progenitor cells and their therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2009; 8:94-112. [PMID: 19114129 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in tissue-resident adult stem/progenitor cell research have revealed that enhanced telomere attrition, oxidative stress, ultraviolet radiation exposure and oncogenic events leading to severe DNA damages and genomic instability may occur in these immature and regenerative cells during chronological aging. Particularly, the alterations in key signaling components controlling their self-renewal capacity and an up-regulation of tumor suppressor gene products such as p16(INK4A), p19(ARF), ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, p53 and/or the forkhead box O (FOXOs) family of transcription factors may result in their dysfunctions, growth arrest and senescence or apoptotic death during the aging process. These molecular events may culminate in a progressive decline in the regenerative functions and the number of tissue-resident adult stem/progenitor cells, and age-related disease development. Conversely, the telomerase re-activation and accumulation of numerous genetic and/or epigenetic alterations in adult stem/progenitor cells with advancing age may result in their immortalization and malignant transformation into highly leukemic or tumorigenic cancer-initiating cells and cancer initiation. Therefore, the cell-replacement and gene therapies and molecular targeting of aged and dysfunctional adult stem/progenitor cells including their malignant counterpart, cancer-initiating cells, hold great promise for treating and even curing diverse devastating human diseases. These diseases include premature aging diseases, hematopoietic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, pulmonary, ocular, urogenital, neurodegenerative and skin disorders and aggressive and recurrent cancers.
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Nehlin JO, Barington T. Strategies for future histocompatible stem cell therapy. Biogerontology 2009; 10:339-76. [PMID: 19219637 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-009-9213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy based on the safe and unlimited self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells is envisioned for future use in tissue or organ replacement after injury or disease. A gradual decline of regenerative capacity has been documented among the adult stem cell population in some body organs during the aging process. Recent progress in human somatic cell nuclear transfer and inducible pluripotent stem cell technologies has shown that patient-derived nuclei or somatic cells can be reprogrammed in vitro to become pluripotent stem cells, from which the three germ layer lineages can be generated, genetically identical to the recipient. Once differentiation protocols and culture conditions can be defined and optimized, patient-histocompatible pluripotent stem cells could be directed towards virtually every cell type in the human body. Harnessing this capability to enrich for given cells within a developmental lineage, would facilitate the transplantation of organ/tissue-specific adult stem cells or terminally differentiated somatic cells to improve the function of diseased organs or tissues in an individual. Here, we present an overview of various experimental cell therapy technologies based on the use of patient-histocompatible stem cells, the pending issues needed to be dealt with before clinical trials can be initiated, evidence for the loss and/or aging of the stem cell pool and some of the possible uses of human pluripotent stem cell-derivatives aimed at curing disease and improving health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Nehlin
- Center for Stem Cell Treatment, Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
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