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Saito R, Shinozaki Y, Tabata K, Nishinaka Y, Yokoyama K, Kon R, Sakai H, Hosoe T, Ikarashi N. Tokishakuyakusan alleviates ultraviolet-induced skin pigmentation by decreasing the expression of melanogenesis-related enzymes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118348. [PMID: 38762211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tokishakuyakusan (TSS), a traditional Kampo medicine, can effectively alleviate symptoms unique to women, such as menstrual pain and menopausal symptoms, and this effect is believed to be related to its ability to increase the secretion of female hormones. TSS is also believed to be effective against skin pigmentation. However, no studies have examined the effect of TSS on pigmentation. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we conducted basic research to determine the effects of TSS on pigmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female HRM-2 mice were given free access to a normal diet or a TSS-containing diet for 7 weeks. For 3 weeks starting from the 4th week of treatment, the back of the skin was irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light, and the melanin level was measured. The expression levels of melanogenesis-related genes and inflammatory markers in the skin were analyzed. RESULTS The melanin level in the skin of the mice exposed to UV radiation was approximately three times greater than that in the skin of the mice in the non-UV-irradiated group, confirming pigmentation due to UV irradiation. The protein expression levels of tyrosinase (Tyr), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (Tyrp1), and dopachrome tautomerase (Dct), which are important for melanin production, were significantly greater in the UV irradiation group than in the non-UV irradiation group. In contrast, the amount of skin melanin in the mice treated with TSS was significantly lower than that in the UV-irradiated group, and the expression levels of melanogenesis-related enzymes were also lower. Furthermore, TSS significantly decreased the expression of microphthalmia transcription factor (Mitf), a transcription factor for melanogenesis-related enzymes, and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-6. CONCLUSIONS TSS inhibits melanin production in melanocytes by suppressing the increase in the expression of melanogenesis-related enzymes caused by UV irradiation. These findings suggested that this effect of TSS is exerted through the combined regulation of MITF expression and anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinka Saito
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Yui Shinozaki
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Keito Tabata
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Yui Nishinaka
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Koki Yokoyama
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hosoe
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
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Kang WC, Lee YS, Park K, Kong CH, Jeon M, Kim MS, Jung SY, Choi JH, Ryu JH. Paeonol alleviates postmenopause-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms through the modulation of GPR30 in ovariectomized mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:118063. [PMID: 38493906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Moutan cortex (MC), the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Anderws (Paeoniaceae), has been historically employed in traditional herbal medicine for addressing women's ailments by replenishing kidney Yin. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to explore if paeonol, an active constituent of MC, could ameliorate neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairments, associated with post-menopausal syndrome (PMS) in an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental design comprised 6 groups, including a sham group, OVX group, paeonol administration groups (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg, p.o.), and an estradiol (E2)-treated positive control group. Behavioral tests including the open field, novel object recognition, Y-maze, elevated plus-maze, splash, and forced swimming tests were conducted. In addition, we investigated the effets of paeonol on the phosphorylated levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as well as on the expression levels of G protein-coupled receptor (GPR30) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. RESULTS Paeonol treatment (10 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) effectively reversed the cognitive decline in OVX mice, measured by the novel object recognition and Y-maze tests, similar to that in the positive control group. Additionally, it alleviated anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, as evaluated by the elevated plus-maze test, splash test, and forced swimming test. Paeonol restored GPR30 expression levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, mirroring the effects of E2 administration. Furthermore, it reversed the reduced expression levels of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and increased BDNF expression in the hippocampus of OVX mice. CONCLUSION This research suggests that paeonol would be beneficial for alleviating PMS-associated cognitive impairment, anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Chang Kang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seung Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Keontae Park
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyeon Kong
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hye Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Murakami R, Natsume M, Ito K, Ebihara S, Terauchi M. Effect of Flavanol-Rich Cacao Extract on the Profile of Mood State in Healthy Middle-Aged Japanese Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3843. [PMID: 37686875 PMCID: PMC10490061 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of flavanol-rich cacao extract on healthy middle-aged women's fatigue and mood conditions, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in women aged 40-60 years who had reported fatigue and had shown high levels of a serum oxidative stress marker. We randomized the participants (n = 60) into equal groups receiving either a beverage containing cacao flavanols (240 mg/200 mL/day) or a placebo for 8 weeks. Before and after the 8-week treatment, we determined the participants' Chalder fatigue scale (CFS) scores, various mood states, autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity levels, and their ANS balance. The results demonstrated that among the mood states, the indicators of negative mood (e.g., depression, fatigue, and anger) and the total mood disturbance score were significantly lower in the cacao group compared to the placebo group after the treatment (p < 0.05). The change in the index of positive mood (i.e., vigor) from baseline to 8 weeks was significantly higher in the cacao group versus the placebo group (p < 0.05). There were no significant between-group differences in the changes in the CFS score or ANS activity level. The consumption of flavanol-rich cacao extract both suppressed negative moods and promoted positive moods in healthy middle-aged women. These results suggest that cacao flavanols may be a useful food material that can improve variable mood conditions in middle-aged women and support their active lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Murakami
- R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan; (M.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Midori Natsume
- R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan; (M.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Kentaro Ito
- R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan; (M.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Shukuko Ebihara
- Chiyoda Paramedical Care Clinic, 3-3-10 Nihonbashihongoku-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0021, Japan;
| | - Masakazu Terauchi
- Department of Women’s Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
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Han K, Yoo JE, Kim JE, Kwon O, Kim AR, Park HJ, Jung SY, Kim M, Yang C, Cho JH, Lee JH. Beneficial effect of Gyejibokryeong-hwan on climacteric syndrome with blood stasis pattern: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical pilot trial. Integr Med Res 2023; 12:100951. [PMID: 37187679 PMCID: PMC10176163 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2023.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GBH), a herbal mixture that is widely used for climacteric syndrome, is studied for its efficacy; however, no study evaluated the GBH indication, which is a blood-stasis pattern based on traditional Chinese medicine theory. Methods This is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical pilot trial. Fifty subjects with climacteric syndrome were recruited and randomly assigned to GBH group or placebo group. Subjects were administered GBH or placebo granules for 4 weeks followed by 4 weeks of observation period. For the primary outcome, the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was evaluated. For the secondary outcomes, quality of life, degrees of abdominal resistance and tenderness, blood-stasis pattern questionnaire and degree of upward movement of Qi were evaluated. Results After 4-week intervention, the mean change of total MRS score significantly decreased in the GBH group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.037). The quality of life related to physical health (p = 0.008) and blood-stasis pattern (p = 0.018) significantly improved in the GBH group but not in the placebo group. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence of the feasibility of recruiting subjects with GBH indications and show that GBH may have clinical efficacy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, especially urogenital symptoms, without any significant adverse events. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS identifier: KCT0002170).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsun Han
- Korean Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Yoo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Laon Integrative Medicine Research Center, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Korean Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ojin Kwon
- Korean Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ae-Ran Kim
- Clinical Research Coordinating Team, R&D Strategy Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Ju Park
- Clinical Research Coordinating Team, R&D Strategy Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So-Young Jung
- Clinical Research Coordinating Team, R&D Strategy Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Korean Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Changsop Yang
- Korean Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyo Cho
- Department of Internal Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Lee
- Korean Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea
- Corresponding author at: Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, South Korea.
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The Multiple Pharmacologic Functions and Mechanisms of Action of Guizhi Fuling Formulation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6813421. [PMID: 35529925 PMCID: PMC9076289 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6813421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Guizhi Fuling Formulation (GZFL), a traditional Chinese medical formulation, consists of Cinnamomi Ramulus, Paeoniae Radix Alba (or Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Moutan Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Poria, with multiple therapeutic functions such as sedation, antitumor activity, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. However, its clinical applications remain relatively fragmented, and the underlying mechanisms of GZFL in different diseases are still not very certain. Further research and summary in both application and mechanisms remain to be needed for human health and the best use of GZFL. Therefore, we summarized the multiple pharmacologic effects and possible mechanisms of action of GZFL according to recent 17 years of research. Methods We retrieved four English and two Chinese databases using these keywords (the formulation name or its synonyms) and searched articles written in English from January 2006 up to February 2022. Key Findings. GZFL exhibits multiple pharmacologic advantages in gynecologic diseases and other expanding diseases such as cancer, blood, and vascular disease, renal failure, inflammation, and brain injury. Possibly due to its diverse bioactive components and pharmacologic activities, GZFL could target the multiple signaling pathways involved in regulating blood circulation, inflammatory and immune factors, proliferation, apoptosis, and so on. Conclusion This review suggests that GZFL displays promising therapeutic effects for many kinds of diseases, which have been beyond the scope of the original prescription for gynecologic diseases. In this way, we wish to provide a reference and recommendation for further preclinic and clinic studies.
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Tanaka K, Chiba K, Nara K. A Review on the Mechanism and Application of Keishibukuryogan. Front Nutr 2022; 8:760918. [PMID: 35004802 PMCID: PMC8740291 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.760918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of "blood stasis" - called yū xiě in Chinese, Oketsu in Japanese - is one of the unique pathophysiology of traditional medicine that originated in China and inherited in Korea and Japan. This concept is related to the multiple aspects of hemodynamic disorders brought on by quantitative and qualitative changes. It theorizes that the quantitative changes of "blood stasis" are related to peripheral circulatory insufficiency. When chronic qualitative changes of "blood stasis" produce stagnant blood that turns into a pathological product, it could cause inflammation and lead to organic changes. Trauma induced hematomas, that are considered to be a quantitative change of blood, are also a form of blood stasis. The basic medicine research on Keishibukuryogan (KBG)-a Japanese name in Traditional Japanese Medicine (Kampo) for one of the most common anti- "blood stasis" prescriptions, also known as gui-zhi-fu-ling-wan (GFW) in Chinese in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)-indicated that the initiation of quantitative changes was closely related to loss of redox balances on endothelial function induced by oxidative stress. The following qualitative changes were related to coagulopathy, hyper viscosity; anti-platelet aggregation, lipid metabolism; a regulation of systemic leptin level and/or lipid metabolism, inflammatory factor; cyclooxygenase-1,2 (COX-1, 2), interleukin-6, 8 tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage infiltration, hyperplasia, tissue fibrosis and sclerosis caused by transforming growth factor-β1 and fibronectin, the dysfunction of regulated cell deaths, such as, apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and ovarian hormone imbalance. Clinically, KBG was often used for diseases related to Obstetrics and Gynecology, Endocrine Metabolism, Rheumatology and Dermatology. In this review, we give an overview of the mechanism and its current clinical application of KBG through a summary of the basic and clinical research and discuss future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Tanaka
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koki Chiba
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nara
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
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Egashira N, Goto Y, Iba H, Kawanaka R, Takahashi R, Taniguchi C, Watanabe T, Kubota K, Katsurabayashi S, Iwasaki K. Kamishoyosan potentiates pentobarbital-induced sleep in socially isolated, ovariectomized mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114585. [PMID: 34464703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sleep disorders are among the most common symptoms in both peri- and post-menopausal women. Kamishoyosan (KSS) is a Kampo medicine prescribed for the treatment of sleep disorders in menopausal women in Japan. However, its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we developed a new animal model of menopausal sleep disorders by inducing social isolation stress in ovariectomized mice. Using pentobarbital-induced sleeping time as an index, we aimed to investigate the effects of KSS and involvement of the benzodiazepine receptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight-week-old, female ddY mice were ovariectomized or subjected to a sham operation (control) and housed in social isolation or groups for 9 weeks. The animals were divided into four groups, group-housed sham-operated, isolated sham-operated, group-housed ovariectomized, and socially isolated ovariectomized. Pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). Sleeping time was considered the period between the loss of righting reflex and its return (up to 180 min). KSS was administered orally (p.o.) 60 min before the test. Diazepam and flumazenil were administered i.p. 30 and 45 min before the test, respectively. On the day after administration, the mice were euthanized, and their uteri were weighed. RESULTS Socially isolated, ovariectomized mice had shorter sleeping times than mice in all other groups. In mice with intact ovaries, diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) considerably prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, but KSS (30-1000 mg/kg, p.o.) did not. However, KSS (100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in socially isolated ovariectomized mice. The prolongation of sleeping time mediated by KSS was reversed by flumazenil (3 mg/kg, i.p.). CONCLUSIONS KSS potentiated pentobarbital-induced sleep in socially isolated, ovariectomized mice, and the benzodiazepine receptors are possibly involved in its pharmacological mechanism. These findings suggest that KSS is beneficial for the treatment of menopausal sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yu Goto
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Hikari Iba
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Rikako Kawanaka
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Ryota Takahashi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Chise Taniguchi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Kaori Kubota
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan; A.I.G. Collaborative Research Institute for Aging and Brain Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Shutaro Katsurabayashi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan; A.I.G. Collaborative Research Institute for Aging and Brain Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Investigate the Effects of Kamishoyosan, a Traditional Japanese Medicine, on Menopausal Symptoms: The KOSMOS Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8856149. [PMID: 33727945 PMCID: PMC7935592 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8856149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective The KOSMOS study, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, investigated the effects and safety of kamishoyosan (TJ-24), a traditional Japanese medicine, in the treatment of climacteric disorder. Methods Japanese women with climacteric disorder were administered a placebo during a 4-week run-in period, after which they were classified as placebo responders (R group) if their score on the modified Questionnaire for the Assessment of Climacteric Symptoms in Japanese Women (m-QACS) with excitability and irritability as the primary outcome improved by ≥ 3 points and as placebo nonresponders (NR group) otherwise. Members of the NR group were randomly allocated to receive either TJ-24 or placebo. After 12 weeks, their m-QACS scores, anxiety and depression, sleep, and overall quality of life (QOL) were compared. Results The TJ-24 and placebo arms in the NR group included 20 patients each. The change in the m-QACS scores of members of the NR group for excitability and irritability at 12 weeks versus baseline was –3.1 ± 1.7 in the TJ-24 arm, a significant decrease, but compared with –2.7 ± 2.2 in the placebo arm, no significant difference was between two arms. However, the proportion of participants whose score improved by ≥3 points was significantly higher in the TJ-24 arm. In the subgroup analysis of premenopausal women, the changes in the score for excitability and irritability were significantly larger in the TJ-24 arm. The incidence of adverse drug reactions or adverse events did not differ between the two arms, and no serious events were reported. Conclusion Although no significant difference was identified for the primary outcome, a significantly higher proportion of patients who received TJ-24 displayed improvement. Its high level of safety and effects on excitability and irritability in premenopausal women suggest that TJ-24 may be a useful treatment.
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Park EJ, Baek SE, Kim M, Kim AR, Park HJ, Kwon O, Lee JH, Yoo JE. Effects of herbal medicine ( Danggwijagyaksan) for treating climacteric syndrome with a blood-deficiency-dominant pattern: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Integr Med Res 2021; 10:100715. [PMID: 33665100 PMCID: PMC7903340 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2021.100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Danggwijagyaksan (DJS) has been one of the most widely used herbal medicines for gynecological disorders in traditional East Asian medicine. Several clinical studies about DJS have shown improvement in menopausal symptoms. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety and feasibility of DJS for treating climacteric syndrome with a blood-deficiency-dominant pattern. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. A group of 45-to 60-year-old women with climacteric syndrome were registered for the trial. The participants received treatment over a 4-week period and were then followed for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the mean change in the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Secondary outcome measures included the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), the Blood-Deficiency Scoring System (BDSS), lean body mass, and serum hormone levels, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) levels. Results The MRS and BDSS scores decreased significantly in both groups, but the differences between two groups were not significant. The WHOQOL-BREF scores increased in the control group. No statistically meaningful differences in serum hormone levels or lean body mass were observed in both groups. There were no serious adverse events, and the laboratory tests were within the normal range. The recruitment rate, completion rate and medication adherence rate were over 90% in both groups, indicating high feasibility. Conclusions DJS showed clinical effectiveness in the treatment of climacteric syndrome with a blood-deficiency-dominant pattern. Additionally, DJS was shown to be safe and feasible for a large-scale study to confirm the efficacy of the treatment. Trial registration: Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS, https://cris.nih.go.kr): KCT0002387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Eun Baek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Ran Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Ju Park
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ojin Kwon
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Yoo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Tran DNH, Hwang IH, Chen FJ, Tseng YP, Chang CM, Tsai SJ, Yang JL, Wu TP, Hsu CH, Chen FP, Kung YY. Core prescription pattern of Chinese herbal medicine for depressive disorders in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study. Integr Med Res 2020; 10:100707. [PMID: 33665095 PMCID: PMC7903348 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive disorders (DD) affect not only mood and behavior but also various physical functions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to have some benefits in treating DD. However, one formula or one single herb might be not show high efficacy when used to treat depression. Thus, this study aimed to examine the core prescription pattern of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) among patients with DD in Taiwan as a reference for related research and clinical applications. Methods All patients, who had been diagnosed with major depressive disorder or minor depression or dysthymia without any other baseline diseases and had at least one CHM outpatient clinical visit from 2002 to 2011, were extracted from three randomly sampled cohorts, namely the 2000, 2005 and 2010 cohorts of the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. The collected data was analyzed to explore the patterns of herbal products. Results There were 197,146 patients with a diagnosis of DD and of these 1806 subjects had only a diagnosis of DD and utilized CHM. The most common formula was Gan-Mai-Da-Zao-Tang (12.19%), while Suan-Zao-Ren (3.99%) was the most commonly prescribed single herb. The core pattern of prescriptions consisted of a combination of Gan-Mai-Da-Zao-Tang, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Chai-Hu-Jia-Long-Gu-Mu-Li-Tang, He-Huan-Pi, Yuan-Zhi and Shi-Chang-Pu. Conclusions This study describes the CHM core prescription pattern used to treat patients in Taiwan with DD and it is a potential candidate for study in future pharmacological or clinical trials targeting DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem Ngoc Hong Tran
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Hwang
- Quality Management Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Fun-Jou Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine & Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pu Tseng
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mao Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Lin Yang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Peng Wu
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Pey Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ying Kung
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding author at: No. 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Beitou District, Taipei City, 112 Taiwan, ROC.
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Lin CH, Lin CP, Huang ST. Successful intervention with Chinese herbal medicine for hyperthyroidism: Two case reports and a literature review. Explore (NY) 2020; 17:344-350. [PMID: 33109498 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperthyroidism, the excessive production of thyroid hormones, is most commonly attributed to autoimmune dysfunction such as Graves' disease. Western medical treatment of hyperthyroidism includes antithyroid medications, radioiodine, and thyroidectomy, all of which are associated with side effects. We describe the successful treatment of two patients with Graves' disease who used Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) with or without Western medicine. CASE PRESENTATION Both cases (a 50-year-old female [case 1] and a 56-year-old male [case 2]) received the Chinese herbal formula Jia Wei Xiao Yao San (JWXYS) as well as Prunella vulgaris, Fritillaria thunbergii, and Crassostrea gigas. Elevated thyroid hormone levels were restored to normal after 10 months of treatment in case 1 and 8 months in case 2. Neither patient experienced any complications or side effects during CHM treatment. Notably, symptoms and thyroid hormone levels have remained well controlled in both patients over 1 year of follow-up until the time of this report. To explore the possible mechanisms involved in CHM treatment of hyperthyroidism, we searched biomedical literature databases and reviewed the literature up to June 2020. CONCLUSIONS As for the hyperthyroidism almost was controlled by Western medicine instead of CHM, we report that JWXYS as well as Prunella vulgaris, Fritillaria thunbergii, and Crassostrea gigas was a safe and effective formula and we propose that CHM may be considered as either a first choice or combination therapy to control hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pang Lin
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, No. 66, Section 2, Zhanghe Road, Annan District, Tainan City 709, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, No. 66, Section 2, Zhanghe Road, Annan District, Tainan City 709, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Xueshi Road, North District, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan; Cancer Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan.
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12
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Effects of Kamishoyosan, a Traditional Japanese Medicine, on Menopausal Symptoms: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9285317. [PMID: 32733592 PMCID: PMC7369656 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9285317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Kampo medicine, a traditional Japanese medicine, is widely used in Japan, especially in the field of menopause medicine. However, few studies have shown evidence-based effects. This study aimed to confirm the effects of kamishoyosan on menopausal symptoms with a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Methods Subjects were randomly allocated to groups that received either kamishoyosan (n = 101) or a placebo resembling kamishoyosan (n = 104). The primary outcomes were the change in the number of hot flashes, depression scores, improvements of anxiety, quality of life (QOL), and menopausal symptoms before and 4 and 8 weeks after initiation of treatment with the study drug. The secondary outcome was drug safety. Results After 8 weeks, the number of hot flashes decreased after treatment in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. The changes in SDS scores showed the same results. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in assessments with the STAI, SF-36, and JSOG menopausal index. No serious adverse effect was reported. Conclusions This first placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial with kamishoyosan demonstrated that it was safe and had some effects on climacteric symptoms, but not significant compared with placebo. Some problems, such as placebo effects, in the study of Kampo therapy for menopausal symptoms, were revealed. This trial is registered with the trial registration number. UMIN 000006042.
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13
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Terauchi M, Odai T, Hirose A, Kato K, Akiyoshi M, Miyasaka N. Muscle and joint pains in middle-aged women are associated with insomnia and low grip strength: a cross-sectional study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 41:15-21. [PMID: 30398410 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2018.1530211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although muscle and joint pains are among the most common symptoms in menopausal transition, their underlying mechanisms are not precisely known. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with myalgia and arthralgia in middle-aged women.Methods: We analyzed in a cross-sectional manner the first-visit records of 305 Japanese women aged 40-59 years who enrolled in a health and nutrition education program at a menopause clinic. The prevalence of muscle and joint pains was estimated according to the participants' responses to the Menopausal Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire. Background characteristics including age, menopause status, body composition, cardiovascular parameters and physical fitness, as well as other menopausal symptoms including vasomotor symptoms, insomnia, depression and anxiety, were assessed for associations with daily myalgia and arthralgia.Results: The percentage of women who were bothered by muscle and joint pains almost every day of the previous week was 56.1%. Characteristics associated with these symptoms were: low stature; high body fat percentage; low grip strength; and high vasomotor, insomnia, depression and anxiety symptom scores. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that independently associated factors (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) for daily myalgia/arthralgia were low hand-grip strength (kgf) (0.92 [0.87-0.97]) and insomnia symptom score (1.20 [1.07-1.34]).Conclusion: Muscle and joint pains are highly prevalent in Japanese middle-aged women. Low grip strength and insomnia are independently associated with these symptoms. Treatment of insomnia in this population might improve myalgia/arthralgia, and in turn, help restore grip strength, or treatment of hand pain might conversely reduce insomnia in addition to improvement in grip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Terauchi
- Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamami Odai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Hirose
- Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mihoko Akiyoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Antidepressive Effects of Kamishoyosan through 5-HT1AReceptor and PKA-CREB-BDNF Signaling in the Hippocampus in Postmenopausal Depression-Model Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9475384. [PMID: 31781286 PMCID: PMC6874869 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9475384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Females are well known to suffer disproportionately more than males from stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, especially during perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods. In addition to a decline in serum estradiol levels, environmental stress and social stress likely contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Kamishoyosan (KSS) is a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, composed of a specified mixture of 10 crude compounds derived from plant sources, widely used for various neuropsychiatric symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying KSS-mediated attenuation of neuropsychological symptoms and stress-response behaviors in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women remain unknown. In the present study, we first established a mouse model for postmenopausal depression-like signs using chronic water-immersion and restraint-stressed ovariectomized (OVX) mice to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of KSS. We found that continuous administration of KSS to these mice normalized the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, ameliorated stress-induced depressive behavior, and prevented a decrease of neurogenesis in the hippocampus. As previous studies have implicated dysfunction of the hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) in depressive disorders, we also evaluated the effect of KSS on 5-HT1AR expression and the protein kinase A- (PKA-) cAMP response element-binding- (CREB-) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway in the hippocampus in this model. The level of 5-HT1AR in the hippocampus decreased in chronic stress-exposed OVX mice, while KSS treatment normalized the stress-induced decrease in 5-HT1AR expression in the hippocampus of chronic stress-exposed OVX mice. Furthermore, we found that KSS treatment upregulated the expression levels of phosphorylated PKA (p-PKA), phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB), and BDNF in the hippocampus in chronic stress-exposed OVX mice. These results suggest that KSS improves neuropsychiatric symptoms through 5-HT1AR and PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling in the hippocampus in postmenopausal women.
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15
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Terauchi M, Odai T, Hirose A, Kato K, Miyasaka N. Chilliness in Japanese middle-aged women is associated with anxiety and low n-3 fatty acid intake. Climacteric 2019; 23:178-183. [PMID: 31512534 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1653841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This cross-sectional study investigated chilliness, which is the most prevalent sexual-vasomotor symptom in middle-aged Japanese women.Methods: First-visit records of 475 Japanese women (age 40-65 years) enrolled in the health and nutrition education program at a menopause clinic were analyzed. Chilliness was estimated based on responses to the Menopausal Symptom Scale. Effects of age, menopausal status, body composition, cardiovascular parameters, resting energy expenditure, physical fitness, menopausal symptoms, lifestyle, and estimated daily intake of nutrients were assessed using a multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: Severe chilliness was found in 28.4% of women. It was not related to age, menopausal status, body mass index, or body fat percentage. The anxiety subscale score of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was the sole background characteristic independently associated with severe chilliness (adjusted odds ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.15 per point). Daily intakes of vitamin D and n-3 fatty acids were significantly lower in women with severe chilliness. Daily intake of n-3 fatty acids was negatively associated with severe chilliness after adjustment (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.95 per g/1000 kcal intake).Conclusions: Chilliness is associated with anxiety and low intake of n-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Terauchi
- Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Odai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Hirose
- Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kato
- Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Ahn SY, Baek SE, Park EJ, Kim HW, Ryuk JA, Yoo JE. Effects of dangguijakyaksan on lower-extremity blood circulation disturbances in climacteric and postmenopausal women: Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17039. [PMID: 31517823 PMCID: PMC6750319 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climacteric women experience various disorders, including hot flush, depression, insomnia, arthralgia, and hand and foot numbness. Dangguijakyaksan is among the most common treatments for climacteric syndrome, and its effect on depression, insomnia, hot flush and quality of life (QOL) in climacteric women has been reported multiple times. A recent animal study found dangguijakyaksan decreased serum lipid factors and improved blood circulation in a menopausal rat model; however, these effects have not been assessed in clinical trials. This study aims to assess the clinical effects and safety of dangguijakyaksan for lower-extremity blood circulation disturbances in climacteric women. METHODS This is a single-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study that will be conducted at Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital at Daejeon University. Forty-six climacteric women with lower-extremity blood circulation disturbances will be recruited and randomized (1:1) into either the dangguijakyaksan or placebo group. After 8 weeks of administration, the effects and safety of dangguijakyaksan will be assessed.The primary outcome is the visual analogue scale for lower-extremity blood circulation disturbances, and it will be assessed on visits 1, 2, and 3. The secondary outcomes, Kupperman's index and blood deficiency scoring system, will be assessed on visits 1, 2, and 3, and accelerated photoplethysmography and digital infrared thermal imaging will be performed on visits 1 and 3. Moreover, blood lipid profile, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol levels will be measured at the screening visit and visit 3. Blood tests will be performed at the screening visit and visit 3 to assess the safety of dangguijakyaksan. Statistical analysis will be performed using R-3.3.3 (Another Canoe), and within-group study variable differences after drug administration will be analyzed using paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. DISCUSSION We expect to confirm the effects and safety of dangguijakyaksan on lower-extremity blood circulation disturbances in menopause, which would provide foundational data for planning subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University
| | - Seon-Eun Baek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University
| | - Eun Ji Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University
| | - Hye-Won Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University
| | - Jin-Ah Ryuk
- Korean Medicine Department, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Yoo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University
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Li M, Hung A, Li H, Yang AWH. A Classic Herbal Formula Guizhi Fuling Wan for Menopausal Hot Flushes: From Experimental Findings to Clinical Applications. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030060. [PMID: 31426588 PMCID: PMC6783937 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A classic herbal formula Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) has been used for managing menopausal hot flushes (MHFs), but the evidence across different study types has not been systematically summarized. This project investigated the clinical effects, phytochemistry, pharmacodynamics, and potential mechanisms of actions of GFW on the causative target proteins potentially driving MHFs. Twenty English and Chinese databases were searched for relevant clinical and experimental studies. A total of 12,988 studies were identified, of which 46 were included. Seven clinical studies demonstrated GFW had no statistically significant changes in the frequency and severity of MHFs; however, it could improve peripheral blood flow in the fingertips, jaw, and toes. Thirty-five studies on phytochemistry identified 169 chemical compounds of GFW. Four experimental studies revealed GFW's therapeutic effects (e.g., normalize calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP] level) and potential target protein/cytokine (estrogen receptor beta [ESR2] with genetic variation, CGRP receptor, and interleukin-8) on MHFs. Therapeutic effects across different study types were inconsistent, possibly due to the dose difference and genotype variety of ESR2 in the human population. Further clinical and experimental studies, as well as biochemical investigation on the mechanisms of actions of GFW, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Li
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Hong Li
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Angela Wei Hong Yang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
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Guo Q, Ebihara K, Fujiwara H, Toume K, Awale S, Araki R, Yabe T, Dong E, Matsumoto K. Kami-shoyo-san ameliorates sociability deficits in ovariectomized mice, a putative female model of autism spectrum disorder, via facilitating dopamine D 1 and GABA A receptor functions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:231-239. [PMID: 30862522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kami-shoyo-san (KSS) is a Kampo formula used clinically for menopause-related symptoms in Japan. However, the effect of KSS on autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a developmental disorder with a higher prevalence in males than in females, has not been reported yet. AIM OF THE STUDY It is accepted generally that dysfunction in the GABAergic system is associated with pathogenesis of ASD. In our previous study, a decrease in brain allopregnanolone (ALLO), a positive allosteric GABAA receptor modulator, induced ASD-like symptoms such as impaired sociability-related performance and increased repetitive self-grooming behavior in male mice, and that KSS ameliorated these behavioral abnormalities via GABAA receptor- and dopamine D1 receptor-mediated mechanisms. In this study, to better understand a gender difference in the prevalence of ASD, we examined whether dissection of ovary (OVX), a major organ secreting progesterone in females, causes ASD-like behaviors in a manner dependent on brain ALLO levels, and if so, how KSS affects the behaviors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six-week-old ICR female mice received ovariectomy, and KSS (74 mg/kg and 222 mg/kg, p.o.) were treated before 1 h starting each behavioral test. The sociability, social anxiety-like behavior, and self-grooming behavior were analyzed by the resident-intruder test, mirror chamber test, and open field test, respectively. After finishing the behavioral experiment, the ALLO content in the brain was measured by ELISA. Furthermore, we examined the effects of OVX on the neuro-signaling pathways in the prefrontal cortex and striatum by Western blotting. RESULTS The results revealed that OVX induced sociability deficits and social anxiety-related behaviors, but not repetitive self-grooming behavior, and that these behavioral changes were accompanied not only by a decrease of brain ALLO levels, but also by impairment of CREB- and CaMKIIα-mediated neuro-signaling in the prefrontal cortex. Moreover, the administration of KSS had no effect on the brain ALLO level, but significantly ameliorated the OVX-induced behavioral and neurochemical changes via facilitation of GABAA receptor and dopamine D1 receptor-mediated neurotransmission. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a decrease in gonadal hormone-derived ALLO plays a major role in ASD-like behaviors in female mice and that KSS is beneficial for the treatment of ASD in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Guo
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ken Ebihara
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hironori Fujiwara
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Kazufumi Toume
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Suresh Awale
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ryota Araki
- Laboratory of Functional Biomolecules and Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yabe
- Laboratory of Functional Biomolecules and Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Erbo Dong
- Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kinzo Matsumoto
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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Jeon SG, Song EJ, Lee D, Park J, Nam Y, Kim JI, Moon M. Traditional Oriental Medicines and Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2019; 10:307-328. [PMID: 31435482 PMCID: PMC6667206 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the most major cause of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects cognitive functions. Even though the prevalence of AD is continuously increasing, few drugs including cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl D-aspartate-receptor antagonists were approved to treat AD. Because the clinical trials of AD drugs with single targets, such as β-amyloid and tau, have failed, the development of multi-target drugs that ameliorate many of the symptoms of AD is needed. Thus, recent studies have investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of herbal formulae consisting of various herb combinations used to treat AD. This review discusses the results of clinical and nonclinical studies of the therapeutic efficacy in AD and underlying mechanisms of the herbal formulae of traditional Oriental medicines and bioactive compounds of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Gak Jeon
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Song
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongje Lee
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyong Park
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkwon Nam
- 2Center for Organic Devices and Advanced Materials, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Il Kim
- 3Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
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Wang S, Lin H, Cong W. Chinese Medicines Improve Perimenopausal Symptoms Induced by Surgery, Chemoradiotherapy, or Endocrine Treatment for Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:174. [PMID: 30930771 PMCID: PMC6428993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and endocrine treatment successfully increases survival rates of breast cancer patients. However, perimenopausal symptoms, the main side effects of these treatments, often afflict patients and reduce their quality of life. Perimenopausal symptoms include vasomotor symptoms, sleep problems, arthromuscular symptoms, and osteoporosis. Currently, there are no satisfactory treatments for perimenopausal symptoms that result from these treatments. Therefore, alternative and complementary therapies including herbal medicines represented by Chinese medicines (CMs), acupuncture, massage, and psychotherapy are increasingly being expected and explored. In this paper, we review the effects and potentials of several CM formulae, along with some active ingredients or fractions from CMs, Chinese herbal extracts, and other herbal medicines, which have drawn attention for improving perimenopausal symptoms in breast cancer patients. We also elaborate their possible mechanisms. Moreover, further studies for evaluation of standardized clinical efficacy should be scientifically well-designed and continuously performed to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of CMs for perimenopausal symptoms due to breast cancer therapy. The safety and value of estrogen-containing CMs for breast cancer should also be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Oncology of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Cong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Guo QY, Ebihara K, Shimodaira T, Fujiwara H, Toume K, Dibwe DF, Awale S, Araki R, Yabe T, Matsumoto K. Kami-shoyo-san improves ASD-like behaviors caused by decreasing allopregnanolone biosynthesis in an SKF mouse model of autism. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211266. [PMID: 30703109 PMCID: PMC6354989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions in the GABAergic system are associated with the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the mechanisms by which GABAergic system dysfunctions induce the pathophysiology of ASD remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that a selective type I 5α-reductase inhibitor SKF105111 (SKF) induced ASD-like behaviors, such as impaired sociability-related performance and repetitive grooming behaviors, in male mice. Moreover, the effects of SKF were caused by a decrease in the endogenous levels of allopregnanolone (ALLO), a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor. In this study, we used SKF-treated male mice as a putative animal model of ASD and examined the effects of Kami-shoyo-san (KSS) as an experimental therapeutic strategy for ASD. KSS is a traditional Kampo formula consisting of 10 different crude drugs and has been used for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms. KSS dose-dependently attenuated sociability deficits and suppressed an increase in grooming behaviors in SKF-treated mice without affecting ALLO content in the prefrontal cortex. The systemic administration of the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 reversed the ameliorative effects of KSS. On the other hand, the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride and GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline only attenuated the ameliorative effect of KSS on repetitive self-grooming behaviors. The present results indicate that KSS improves SKF-induced ASD-like behaviors by facilitating dopamine receptor-mediated mechanisms and partly by neurosteroid-independent GABAA receptor-mediated neurotransmission. Therefore, KSS is a potential candidate for the treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yun Guo
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ken Ebihara
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Hironori Fujiwara
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazufumi Toume
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Dya Fita Dibwe
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Suresh Awale
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ryota Araki
- Laboratory of Functional Biomolecules and Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yabe
- Laboratory of Functional Biomolecules and Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kinzo Matsumoto
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Terauchi M, Odai T, Hirose A, Kato K, Akiyoshi M, Masuda M, Tsunoda R, Fushiki H, Miyasaka N. Dizziness in peri- and postmenopausal women is associated with anxiety: a cross-sectional study. Biopsychosoc Med 2018; 12:21. [PMID: 30559834 PMCID: PMC6291970 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-018-0140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although dizziness is one of the most common symptoms of menopause, the underlying mechanism is not precisely known. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of, and the factors associated with, dizziness in peri- and postmenopausal women. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in which we analyzed the first-visit records of 471 Japanese women aged 40 to 65 years who enrolled in a health and nutrition education program at a menopause clinic. The prevalence of dizziness was estimated according to the participants’ responses to the Menopausal Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire. The background characteristics of age, menopause status, body composition, cardiovascular parameters, basal metabolism, and physical fitness; other menopausal symptoms, including vasomotor, insomnia, depression, and anxiety symptoms; and lifestyle characteristics were assessed for their associations with dizziness. Results The percentage of women who suffered from dizziness once a week or more frequently was 35.7%. Compared to the women without dizziness, those with the symptom were younger; had a higher body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and waist-to-hip ratio; had higher systolic pressure; were slower in reaction time; had higher physical and psychological symptom scores of menopause; exercised less regularly; and consumed less alcohol. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the anxiety symptom, which was evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, was the sole factor that was independently associated with dizziness (adjusted odds ratio 1.14; 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.20). Conclusions Dizziness is highly prevalent in Japanese peri- and postmenopausal women and it is associated with anxiety. The treatment of anxiety in this population might improve the symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Terauchi
- 1Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Tamami Odai
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Asuka Hirose
- 1Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan.,2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- 1Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Mihoko Akiyoshi
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Mikako Masuda
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Reiko Tsunoda
- 3Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Therapy, Mejiro University, Ukiya 320, Iwatsuki, Saitama, 339-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fushiki
- 3Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Therapy, Mejiro University, Ukiya 320, Iwatsuki, Saitama, 339-8501 Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
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Kim D, Kim JN, Nam JH, Lee JR, Kim SC, Kim BJ. Modulation of Pacemaker Potentials in Murine Small Intestinal Interstitial Cells of Cajal by Gamisoyo-San, a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. Digestion 2018; 98:56-68. [PMID: 29672308 DOI: 10.1159/000487186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gamisoyo-san (GSS) has been used for -improving the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GSS, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on the pacemaker potentials of mouse small intestinal interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). METHODS ICCs from the small intestines were dissociated and cultured. Whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record pacemaker potentials and membrane currents. RESULTS GSS depolarized ICC pacemaker potentials in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with 4-diphenylacetoxypiperidinium iodide completely inhibited GSS-induced pacemaker potential depolarizations. Intracellular GDP-β-S inhibited GSS-induced effects, and in the presence of U-73122, GSS-induced effects were inhibited. Also, GSS in the presence of a Ca2+-free solution or thapsigargin did not depolarize pacemaker potentials. However, in the presence of calphostin C, GSS slightly depolarized pacemaker potentials. Furthermore, GSS inhibited both transient receptor potential melastatin7 and Ca2+-activated Cl- channel (anoctamin1) currents. CONCLUSION GSS depolarized pacemaker potentials of ICCs via G protein and muscarinic M3 receptor signaling pathways and through internal or external Ca2+-, phospholipase C-, and protein kinase C-dependent and transient receptor potential melastatin 7-, and anoctamin 1-independent pathways. The study shows that GSS may regulate GI tract motility, suggesting that GSS could be a basis for developing novel prokinetic agents for treating GI motility dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doeun Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Nam Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center (HAKMRC), Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Kyungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Rok Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center (HAKMRC), Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Cai M, Yang EJ. Gamisoyo-San Ameliorates Neuroinflammation in the Spinal Cord of hSOD1 G93A Transgenic Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:5897817. [PMID: 30046279 PMCID: PMC6036813 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5897817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive disorder, causes motor neuron degeneration and neuromuscular synapse denervation. Because this is a complex disease, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of patients with ALS. For example, riluzole is used in many countries but has many side effects and only increases the lifespan of patients by approximately 2-3 months. Therefore, patients with ALS often turn to complementary and alternative medicine, such as acupuncture, homeopathy, and herbal medicine, with the hope and belief of recovery, despite the lack of definite evidence on the efficacy of these methods. Gamisoyo-San (GSS), a herbal medicine known to improve health, has been used for stress-related neuropsychological disorders, including anorexia, in Asian countries, such as China, Korea, and Japan. To evaluate the effects of GSS on the spinal cord, we investigated the expression of neuroinflammatory and metabolic proteins in symptomatic hSOD1G93A mice. We observed that GSS reduces the expression of glial markers, including those for microglia and astrocytes, and prevents neuronal loss. Moreover, we found that GSS inhibits the expression of proteins related to Toll-like receptor 4 signaling and oxidative stress, known to cause neuroinflammation. Notably, GSS also regulates metabolism in the spinal cord of transgenic mice. These results suggest that GSS could be used for improving the immune system and increasing the life quality of patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- MuDan Cai
- Department of Clinical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yang
- Department of Clinical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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25
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Gamisoyo-San in an Animal Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8580152. [PMID: 30034501 PMCID: PMC6032819 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8580152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is considered a critical factor in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We aimed to evaluate the effect of the herbal formula Gamisoyo-San (GSS) on the muscles of hSOD1G93A transgenic mice, a mouse model of ALS, by examining the tissue expression of inflammation- and oxidative stress-related proteins. The mice were randomly divided into three groups: nontransgenic mice (non-Tg, n = 4), hSOD1G93A transgenic mice (Tg, n = 4), and GSS-treated hSOD1G93A transgenic mice (Tg+GSS, n = 4). Eight-week-old female hSOD1G93A transgenic mice were fed GSS (1 mg/g body weight) for 6 weeks. Gastrocnemius (GA) tissues were analyzed for inflammatory proteins [CD11b and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)] and oxidative stress-related proteins [heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) and ferritin] by western blot analysis. Administration of GSS significantly reduced the level of inflammation- and oxidative stress-related proteins in hSOD1G93A transgenic mice. GSS ameliorated inflammation by downregulating TLR4 and CD11b expression and regulated iron homeostasis in the GA muscle of hSOD1G93A mice. GSS could help reduce inflammation by regulating immune reactions in patients with ALS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the effect of GSS on muscle inflammation in an ALS animal model.
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Use of Chinese Medicine Reduces the Development of Cervical Cancer from Pap Smear-Diagnosed Cervical Dysplasia: A Case-Control Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2017:4082630. [PMID: 29456570 PMCID: PMC5804104 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4082630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Pap test diagnosed cervical dysplasia, which could recover to normal or progress to cervical cancer (CC), is an early stage of cell abnormality before CC. This case-control study analyzed the differences in the risk to develop CC between Chinese medicine (CM) users and nonusers among women who had ever been diagnosed as having cervical dysplasia. A total of 750 CC patients with a cervical dysplasia history were collected between 1998 and 2011 from National Health Insurance Research Database, and controls were women with cervical dysplasia history but did not develop CC. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for developing CC was assessed using multivariable logistic regression after adjusting for age, urbanization of residence, and occupation. The proportion of using CM among CC patients was lower than that among CC nonpatients, with an aOR of 0.8. By analyzing the relationship between CC development and the frequency of CM usage, the trend test revealed a significant decreasing trend for developing CC among high-frequency CM users. Moreover, the most frequently used single herb high-frequency was Rheum palmatum (Da-Huang). The usage of CM might be an effective complementary method to prevent uterine cervix from progressing to CC after cervical dysplasia has occurred.
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27
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Kim M, Kim AR, Park HJ, Kwon O, Kim JH, Park EJ, Baek SE, Yoo JE, Lee JH. Danggwijagyaksan for climacteric syndrome in peri- and postmenopausal women with a blood-deficiency dominant pattern: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Trials 2018; 19:41. [PMID: 29335018 PMCID: PMC5769552 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to explore the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of Danggwijagyaksan (DJS) for alleviating climacteric syndrome in peri- and postmenopausal women with a blood-deficiency dominant pattern. Methods/design This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial. A total of 34 women with climacteric syndrome who have signed informed consent forms will be registered in this study. Placebo or DJS will be randomly assigned to the participants in an equal proportion. The participants will visit the clinical trial center every 2 weeks and receive placebo or DJS granules. The treatment period is 4 weeks and the administration frequency is three times daily. Data will be collected from the participants at baseline, at week 5, and at week 9 after random allocation. The primary outcome measure will be the mean change in the Menopause Rating Scale from baseline to week 5. Secondary outcome measures will include the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) score, the Blood Deficiency Scoring System score, lean body mass, and blood tests, including serum follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol concentration. To assess the safety of DJS, a laboratory test will be conducted before and after treatment and the participants will be asked about any occurrence of adverse events every visit. The recruitment rate, completion rate, and medication adherence will also be calculated, to assess feasibility. Discussion The findings of this study will provide the basis for a full-scale randomized controlled trial to confirm the safety and efficacy of DJS for the treatment of climacteric syndrome in peri- and postmenopausal women. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), Republic of Korea, KCT0002387. Registered on 25 July 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2443-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyung Kim
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Ran Kim
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Ju Park
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ojin Kwon
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 300-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Eun Baek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 300-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Yoo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 300-716, Republic of Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, 75 Daedeok-daero 176 beon-gil, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology, Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Go H, Ryuk JA, Hwang JT, Ko BS. Effects of three different formulae of Gamisoyosan on lipid accumulation induced by oleic acid in HepG2 cells. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:395-403. [PMID: 29296566 PMCID: PMC5741383 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamisoyosan (GSS) is an herbal formula which has been used to treat women's diseases for several hundred years in Korea. GSS is one of the three most common prescriptions among women and is used to treat menopausal symptoms. Fatty liver disease is also common in postmenopausal women and can precede more severe diseases, such as steatohepatitis. The present study compared the effects of GSS on fatty liver using three different formulae, Dongui-Bogam (KIOM A), Korean Pharmacopeia (KIOM B) and Korean National Health Insurance (KIOM C). METHODS In oleic acid-induced HepG2 fatty liver cells, cellular lipid accumulation, triglycerides and total cholesterol were measured after treatment with three GSS formulae and simvastatin as a positive control. To investigate the phytoestrogen activity of GSS, MCF-7 cells were treated with GSS, and hormone levels were quantified. Also, qualitative analysis was performed with UPLC. RESULTS All types of GSS decreased cellular lipid accumulation. KIOM A was slightly less effective than the other two GSS formulae. KIOM B and KIOM C decreased cellular triglycerides more effective than simvastatin, but KIOM A did not affect cellular triglycerides. Cellular total cholesterol was decreased by all GSS and simvastatin. GSS showed phytoestrogen activity in MCF-7 cells. From the UPLC analysis data, geniposide, paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizin were detected form three GSS formulae. CONCLUSION These results suggest that all GSS formulae have a beneficial effect on fatty liver disease during menopause and that differences of formula have no effect on the efficacy of the prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Byoung Seob Ko
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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29
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Kim JE, Cho J, Kwon O, Kim AR, Park HJ, Jung SY, Kim JH, Kim M, Lee HY, Lee JH. Effect of Guizhifulingwan (Keishibukuryogan) on climacteric syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial. Trials 2017; 18:135. [PMID: 28327172 PMCID: PMC5361822 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy of Guizhifulingwan (GFW) in the treatment of climacteric syndrome in women. Methods/design This is a single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design pilot trial. Fifty participants with climacteric syndrome will be randomly allocated to the GFW or placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. The participants will be administered GFW or placebo granules three times a day for 4 weeks and will be followed up for a further 4 weeks. The primary outcome is the mean change in menopause rating scale score at 5 weeks after randomization. Secondary outcomes include the World Health Organization quality of life-BREF scores, degrees of upward movement of qi and lower abdominal resistance and tenderness, blood stasis pattern questionnaire scores, and results of blood tests including assays for lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol. The feasibility outcomes include recruitment and completion rates and adherence to medication. Discussion The results of this study will provide basic data for the design of a large-scale clinical trial for evaluating the efficacy of GFW in the treatment of climacteric syndrome in women. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), Republic of Korea, KCT0002040. Registered on 5 September 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1877-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Kim
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyo Cho
- Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 176-9, Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 34929, Republic of Korea
| | - Ojin Kwon
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Ran Kim
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Ju Park
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Jung
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea. .,University of Science & Technology (UST), Korean Medicine Life Science, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Terauchi M, Hirose A, Akiyoshi M, Kato K, Miyasaka N. Feelings of unattractiveness in peri- and postmenopausal women are associated with depressed mood, poor memory and unsatisfactory sexual relationships. Climacteric 2017; 20:228-232. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2017.1293647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Terauchi
- Department of Women’s Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Hirose
- Department of Women’s Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Akiyoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N. Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Tonob D, Melby MK. Broadening our perspectives on complementary and alternative medicine for menopause: A narrative review. Maturitas 2017; 99:79-85. [PMID: 28364873 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widely used for menopause, although not all women disclose use to their healthcare providers. This narrative review aims to expand providers' understanding of cross-cultural approaches to treating and managing menopause by providing an overarching framework and perspective on CAM treatments. Increased provider understanding and awareness may improve not only provider-patient communication but also effectiveness of treatments. The distinction between illness (what patients suffer) and disease (what physicians treat) highlights the gap between what patients seek and doctors provide, and may help clarify why many women seek CAM at menopause. For example, CAM is often sought by women for whom biomedicine has been unsuccessful or inaccessible. We review the relevance to menopause of three CAM categories: natural products, mind-body practices including meditation, and other complementary health approaches including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Japanese Kampo. Assessing the effectiveness of CAM is challenging because of the individualized nature of illness patterns and associated treatments, which complicate the design of randomized controlled trials. Because many women seek CAM due to inefficacy of biomedical treatments, or cultural or economic marginalization, biomedical practitioners who make an effort to learn about CAM and ask patients about their CAM use or interest may dramatically improve the patient-provider relationship and rapport, as well as harnessing the 'meaning response' (Moerman, 2002) imbued in the clinical encounter. By working with women to integrate their CAM-related health-seeking behaviors and treatments, providers may also boost the efficacy of their own biomedical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Tonob
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delaware, USA
| | - Melissa K Melby
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delaware, USA; College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, USA.
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Chen FP, Chang CM, Wu TP, Yang JL, Kung YY, Huang YH, Su CW, Lan KH, Chiang SC, Hwang SJ. Clinical efficacy of Rong-Yang-Jyh-Gan-Tang on patients with chronic hepatitis C: A double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 196:1-8. [PMID: 27965049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used by the Chinese population for treatment of chronic hepatitis. However, the efficacy of TCM for patients with chronic hepatitis has not been confirmed, mostly due to the lack of available scientific parameters such as serum viral load to evaluate treatment response. AIM OF THE STUDY We evaluated the efficacy of Rong-Yang-Jyh-Gan-Tang (RYJGT, composed of Long-Dan-Xie-Gan-Tang, Jia-Wei-Xia-Yao-San, Dan-Shen, and Hou-Po) on patients with chronic hepatitis C. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six patients with chronic hepatitis C who had no response to or had contraindications to interferon-ribavirin therapy were randomly allocated to receive RYJGT 15g/day or placebo for 12 weeks. After a 2-week washout period, patients were crossed over to receive placebo or RYJGT for another 12 weeks. Evaluation parameters included liver biochemistries, serum HCVRNA, side effects of RYJGT/placebo, and TCM symptoms. RESULTS Of the patients who had 12-week RYJGT treatment, 51.7% had decreased serum HCVRNA levels, whereas only 25.8% patients had decreased levels in the placebo group (p=0.036). TCM patterns of "Damp-Heat" and "Liver Qi Depression" had significantly improved after RYJGT treatment in comparison with the placebo. Logistic analyses showed that RYJGT treatment, and pre-treatment values of TCM symptoms of "Damp-Heat" and "Liver Qi Depression", were statistically significant factors in predicting the decrease in serum HCVRNA. CONCLUSION Chronic hepatitis C patients who received a 12-week RYJGT treatment had significantly higher HCVRNA decrease ratio, and improved TCM symptoms of "Damp-Heat" and "Liver Qi Depression", than those who received the placebo. Our results require further larger scale clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Pey Chen
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Peng Wu
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Lin Yang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ying Kung
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Su
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Hsin Lan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chiung Chiang
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jang Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Kamishoyosan reduces conditioned fear-induced freezing behavior in socially isolated ovariectomized rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 131:279-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Jin SE, Kim OS, Yoo SR, Seo CS, Kim Y, Shin HK, Jeong SJ. Anti-inflammatory effect and action mechanisms of traditional herbal formula Gamisoyo-san in RAW 264.7 macrophages. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:219. [PMID: 27422559 PMCID: PMC4946171 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamisoyo-san (GMSYS) is a traditional herbal formula used to treat insomnia, dysmenorrhea, and infertility in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and action mechanisms of GMSYS in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of GMSYS were investigated using nitric oxide (NO) assay and ELISAs for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The anti-inflammatory action mechanisms of GMSYS were evaluated using Western blotting for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and activation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). RESULTS GMSYS significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6 compared with the vehicle-treated cells. GMSYS consistently downregulated the expression of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA induced by LPS. In addition, pretreatment with GMSYS suppressed the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPKs such as p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of GMSYS in RAW 264.7 macrophages are associated with inhibition of the release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines through the suppression of MAPK and NF-κB activation. These findings suggest that GMSYS may be a useful therapeutic candidate for the prevention or treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Differences in coping with menopausal symptoms in nurses and general workers in Japan. Maturitas 2016; 86:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nagata Y, Watanabe T, Nagasaka K, Yamada M, Saito M, Yazaki T, Komatsu K, Sano M, Asano K, Ando C, Taniuchi N. Clinical Search for Undiagnosed Mesenteric Phlebosclerosis at Outpatient Departments Specializing in Herbal (Kampo) Medicine. Intern Med 2016; 55:573-81. [PMID: 26984071 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenteric phlebosclerosis (MP) is a disease characterized by calcification of the mesenteric vein, which causes chronic mesenteric ischemia. Recently, the long-term intake of gardenia fruit ('Sanshishi' in Japanese) has been attracting attention as a possible cause. Usually, only advanced, severe MP cases get reported. However, we suspected that some latent cases of this disease may exist. We performed this study in order to determine the prediagnostic cases at our outpatient departments of herbal (Kampo) medicine, with particular attention paid to the initial changes, such as any slight color change of the colon, as shown in colonoscopy. METHODS We recommend colonoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scans for patients with a long-term history of taking herbal medicines containing gardenia fruit. Clinical examinations were performed upon receiving patients' consent from December 2013 to November 2014. RESULTS Of the 103 patients who took gardenia fruit long-term, 29 agreed to be checked for MP. 14 patients underwent colonoscopy. Four patients were confirmed to have MP due to the presence of fibrotic deposition of the colonic membrane on histological inspection. Twenty-one patients underwent abdominal CT screening. Characteristic calcification of the mesenteric vein was observed on CT scans in 2 patients. All 4 MP patients took Kampo formulas containing gardenia fruit for more than 6.8 years. The other patients did not develop MP, despite long-term gardenia fruit intake. CONCLUSION We detected the latent and undiagnosed MP cases. All diagnoses were made while paying careful attention to any slight changes in colonoscopy and CT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nagata
- Department of Oriental Traditional Medical Center, Suwa Central Hospital, Japan
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Prevalence and predictors of storage lower urinary tract symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women attending a menopause clinic. Menopause 2015; 22:1084-90. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Park DM, Kim SH, Park YC, Kang WC, Lee SR, Jung IC. The comparative clinical study of efficacy of Gamisoyo-San (Jiaweixiaoyaosan) on generalized anxiety disorder according to differently manufactured preparations: multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 158 Pt A:11-17. [PMID: 25456420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gamisoyo-San (GSS) is a well-known Traditional Korean Medicine shown to be effective on mood disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of Gamisoyo-San on generalized anxiety disorder by its differently manufactured preparations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was set for 147 patients with generalized anxiety disorder recruited from November 1st 2009 to December 16th 2010. They were given Gamisoyo-San individual extract mixture (extraction done for each crude materia medica separately) or Gamisoyo-San multi-compound extract (extraction done for whole materia medica at once) or controlled medication. Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Korean State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (K-STAI), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Korean Beck Depression Inventroy (K-BDI), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and Korean WHO Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF) were evaluated. We also applied Pattern Identification tool for 'JingJi and ZhengChong (, Traditional Korean Medicine term which correlates with generalized anxiety disorder)' to patients to evaluate different responses among 9 patterns. RESULTS HAM-A scores of Gamisoyo-San multi-compound extract group showed greater decrease compared to Gamisoyo-San individual extract mixture group and placebo group, but the difference was insignificant. WHOQOL-BREF scores of Gamisoyo-San multi-compound extract group showed significant increase compared to Gamisoyo-San individual extract mixture group and placebo group. In Heart blood deficiency pattern, the Gamisoyo-San multi-compound extract group showed significant decrease in K-BDI compared to the Gamisoyo-San individual extract mixture group. CONCLUSION Gamisoyo-San did not improve anxiety level of GAD patients. However, it can be useful to improve quality of life, and reduce depressive, obsessive-compulsive, somatic symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Gamisoyo-San multi-compound seemed more effective than Gamisoyo-San individual extract mixture, especially in Heart blood deficiency pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Myung Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 96-3 Yongwun-dong, Daejeon 300-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 96-3 Yongwun-dong, Daejeon 300-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Chun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 96-3 Yongwun-dong, Daejeon 300-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Wee-Chang Kang
- Department of Business Information Statistics, College of Business Ministration, Daejeon University, 96-3 Yongwun-dong, Daejeon 300-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ryong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 96-3 Yongwun-dong, Daejeon 300-716, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 96-3 Yongwun-dong, Daejeon 300-716, Republic of Korea.
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Terauchi M, Hirose A, Akiyoshi M, Owa Y, Kato K, Kubota T. Subgrouping of Japanese middle-aged women attending a menopause clinic using physical and psychological symptom profiles: a cross-sectional study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 14:148. [PMID: 25420911 PMCID: PMC4247616 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-014-0148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women in the menopausal transition and the postmenopausal period are affected with vasomotor symptoms, urogenital atrophy, sexual dysfunction, somatic symptoms, cognitive difficulty, sleep disturbance, and psychological problems. It is important to gain a better understanding of the complexity and diversity of climacteric disturbance in order to optimize treatments for individual patients. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of Japanese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women attending a menopause clinic based on their physical and psychological symptom profiles. METHODS We administered the Menopausal Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire to 491 Japanese women aged 40-64 years who had enrolled in the Systematic Health and Nutrition Education Program at the Menopause Clinic of the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital between 2005 and 2012. We performed a principal component analysis followed by a hierarchical cluster analysis of the responses to 9 physical and 12 psychological items on the questionnaire. RESULTS The first analysis extracted 3 principal components that defined the variance of physical and psychological symptom profiles: depression, somatic, and vasomotor/sleep. A subsequent cluster analysis was performed based on the 3 principal components to generate 4 clusters, CL8 (N = 162; 33.0%), CL6 (N = 111; 22.6%), CL5 (N = 102; 20.8%), and CL4 (N = 116; 23.6%). CL8 included women who only had mild-to-moderate musculoskeletal pains and tiredness. All women in CL6, CL5, and CL4 described their musculoskeletal pains and tiredness as moderate to severe. The women in CL5 also had moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms, while the women in CL4 also suffered from moderate-to-severe psychological symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia. CONCLUSIONS Distinct subgroups of Japanese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women were identified based on their symptom profiles. Menopausal symptoms were shown to accumulate in this population in the order of musculoskeletal pains and tiredness, vasomotor symptoms, and psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Terauchi
- Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Asuka Hirose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Mihoko Akiyoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoko Owa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Toshiro Kubota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on menopausal symptoms, body composition, and cardiovascular parameters in middle-aged women. Menopause 2014; 21:990-6. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chao TH, Fu PK, Chang CH, Chang SN, Chiahung Mao F, Lin CH. Prescription patterns of Chinese herbal products for post-surgery colon cancer patients in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:702-708. [PMID: 24945402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is commonly provided to cancer patients, however, the patterns of prescriptions for this type of medicine in Taiwan are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the use of traditional Chinese medicine products in colon cancer patients post-surgery in Taiwan and to research patterns of TCM. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of newly diagnosed colon cancer patients who received surgery between 2004 and 2008 identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The prescription patterns and reasons for the use of TCM for colon cancer were analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that "symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions" (23.3%) and diseases of the digestive system (16.9%) were the most common reasons for using Chinese herbal medicine. Xiang-sha-liu-jun-zi-tang (7.1%), Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang (4.3%), Jia-wei-xiao-yao-san (4.1%), Shen-Ling-Bai-Zhu-San (3.7%), Ban-Xia-Xie-Xin-Tang (3.4%), Gui-pi-tang (2.4%), Ping-Wei-San (2.4%), Gan-Lu-Yin (2.0%), Bao-He-Wan (1.9%), and Zhen-Ren-Huo-Ming-Yin (1.8%) were the most commonly prescribed single Chinese herbal formulae (CHF) for colon cancer patients post-surgery. Hedyotis diffusa Willd (Bai Hua She She Cao) (5.1%) and Scutellaria barbata (Ban Zhi Lian )(4.8%) were the most commonly prescribed single Chinese herbs. CONCLUSIONS This study identified patterns of TCM use in colon cancer patients post-surgery in Taiwan. The herbal ingredients were most commonly used for stimulate ghrelin secretion to increase food intake and had potential anti-tumor effect. However, further research is required to evaluate any beneficial effects which could identify leads for the development of new treatment strategies using TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Hsin Chao
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Kuei Fu
- Division of Critical Care & Respiratory Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Health Policy and Management, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiung-Hung Chang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Ni Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, #160, Section 3, Chung-Kang Rd., Taichung, Taichung 407, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Frank Chiahung Mao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, #160, Section 3, Chung-Kang Rd., Taichung, Taichung 407, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chen JL, Chang CJ, Wang JY, Wen CS, Tseng LM, Chang WC, Noomhorm N, Liu HJ, Chen WS, Chiu JH, Shyr YM. In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells Treated With Tamoxifen. Integr Cancer Ther 2014; 13:226-39. [PMID: 24525674 DOI: 10.1177/1534735414520970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is epidemiological evidence that Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS) is the most common Chinese medicine decoction coprescribed with tamoxifen (Tam) when breast cancer is treated by hormonal therapy. However, whether there is interaction between JWXYS and Tam remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of JWXYS on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells treated with Tam. METHODS In vitro cultured MCF-7 cells were cotreated with JWXYS and Tam. This was followed by MTT ([4,5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl]- 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assays and cell cycle analysis to assess cell proliferation; Western blot analysis was used to analyze the expression of various proteins involved in growth-related signal pathways. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to detect autophagy among the cancer cells. In vivo analysis used female athymic nude mice implanted with MCF-7 cells; these mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups. All mice were killed humanely after 21 days of treatment; body weight, tumor volume, and tumor weight were then measured. RESULTS JWXYS was not cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells, based on the fact that there were no statistically significant changes between the JWXYS + Tam groups and the Tam-alone group in cell numbers, cell cycle progression, and cell proliferation signals, the latter including the expression levels of AKT, ERK, P38, p27(Kip1), and light chain (LC3)-I, II. Furthermore, using the MCF-7 xenograft mouse model, there were no significant changes between the JWXYS (1.3-3.9 gm/kg) + Tam groups and the Tam-alone group in terms of tumor weight and the protein expression levels of AKT, ERK, P38, and p27 (Kip1). However, there was a significant decrease in LC3-II protein expression with the low-dose JWXYS + Tam group but not with the middle- or high-dose JWXYS + Tam groups compared with the Tam-alone group. CONCLUSION Based on in vitro studies and in vivo functional studies, there is no obvious interaction between JWXYS and Tam. However, the presence of interference at the molecular level in relation to LC3-II expression provides important information and may affect treatment strategies when physicians have patients with estrogen receptor-α(+) or progesterone receptor(+) breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Liang Chen
- National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, ROC Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, ROC Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | - Hui-Ju Liu
- National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Jen-Hwey Chiu
- National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, ROC Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Effects of the kampo formula tokishakuyakusan on headaches and concomitant depression in middle-aged women. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:593560. [PMID: 24648849 PMCID: PMC3932270 DOI: 10.1155/2014/593560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To identify the correlates of headaches in middle-aged women and investigate the effects of Tokishakuyakusan (TJ-23), a formula of traditional Japanese herbal therapy Kampo, on headache and concomitant depression. Methods. We examined cross-sectionally the baseline records of 345 women aged 40–59 years who visited our menopause clinic. Among them, 37 women with headaches were treated with either hormone therapy (HT) or TJ-23; the data of these women were retrospectively analyzed to compare the effects of the treatment. Results. The women were classified into 4 groups on the basis of their headache frequency, and no significant intergroup differences were noted in the physical or lifestyle factors, except age. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the significant contributors to the women's headaches were their age (adjusted OR 0.92 (95% CI 0.88–0.97)) and their depressive symptoms (adjusted OR 1.73 (95% CI 1.39–2.16)). Compared to women treated with HT, women treated with TJ-23 reported relief from headaches (65% versus 29%) and concomitant depression (60% versus 24%) more frequently. Improvement in the scores of headaches and depression correlated significantly with TJ-23 treatment. Conclusions. Headache in middle-aged women is significantly associated with depression; TJ-23 could be effective for treating both of these symptoms.
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Terauchi M, Hiramitsu S, Akiyoshi M, Owa Y, Kato K, Obayashi S, Matsushima E, Kubota T. Associations among depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2013; 39:1007-13. [PMID: 23379427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.02064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the associations among depression, anxiety and physical symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women in a clinical setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two hundred and thirty-seven peri- and postmenopausal women enrolled in the Systematic Health and Nutrition Education Program at the Menopause Clinic of the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. Their responses to the Menopausal Health-Related Quality of Life (MHR-QOL) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires were subjected to a cross-sectional analysis. The study focused on the relationship between the scores for HADS depression (HADS-D) and anxiety (HADS-A) subscales and those for somatic (nausea, dizziness, numbness, muscle and joint pains, tiredness, headaches), urinary (frequent urination), and vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes, night sweats) in the MHR-QOL questionnaire. RESULTS The correlations among the scores for the six somatic symptoms and HADS-D and HADS-A were stronger than those for urinary or vasomotor symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the score for headaches and that for HADS-A were significantly associated with severe depression after adjustment (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.49 [1.06-2.10] and 1.58 [1.37-1.83], respectively), whereas the scores for nausea and numbness, as well as HADS-D, were significantly associated with severe anxiety (OR [95% CI]: 1.65 [1.15-2.39], 1.39 [1.05-1.84], and 1.36 [1.23-1.50], respectively). CONCLUSION Headaches were associated with depression, whereas nausea and numbness were associated with anxiety in peri- and postmenopausal women. The assessment of underlying mood disorders is required for the management of middle-aged women presenting with these somatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Terauchi
- Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hidaka T, Yonezawa R, Saito S. Kami-shoyo-san, Kampo (Japanese traditional medicine), is effective for climacteric syndrome, especially in hormone-replacement-therapy-resistant patients who strongly complain of psychological symptoms. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 39:223-8. [PMID: 22765925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.01936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for climacteric symptoms is effective for vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flushes and sweating, but not for various psychological symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, and irritability. In such cases, prescribing Kampo, traditional herbal medicine, is sometimes considered. However, the effectiveness of Kampo has not been clearly shown. We examined the clinical effect of Kami-shoyo-san, a herbal formula commonly prescribed for climacteric symptoms in a Japanese Kampo clinic. METHODS There were 180 patients who initially consulted our Kampo Outpatient Clinic due to the absence of a response to HRT or unsatisfactory improvement. Out of 180 patients, 45 patients received a Kami-shoyo-san extract for 4 weeks based on patient-centered Kampo diagnosis. We evaluated the severity of climacteric symptoms based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) score before and after 4 weeks of Kami-shoyo-san administration. Furthermore, the severity of each symptom before treatment was compared between the responders and non-responders. RESULTS Kami-shoyo-san was effective in 33 (73.3%) of the 45 patients. After treatment, on the whole, the VAS score significantly decreased (P < 0.0001). Concerning vasomotor symptoms and psychological symptoms, each VAS score significantly decreased (P<0.0001). When comparing the severity of pretreatment symptoms between responders and non-responders, symptoms, such as 'insomnia', 'depression', and 'vertigo' were significantly more marked in the responders (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that Kami-shoyo-san relieved both vasomotor and psychological symptoms, and especially in patients with marked psychological symptoms, it exhibited potent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hidaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurobe City Hospital, Toyama, Japan.
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Moraes MEA, Cunha GH, Bezerra MM, Fechine FV, Pontes AV, Andrade WS, Frota Bezerra FA, Moraes MO, Cavalcanti PP. Efficacy of the Mentha crispa in the treatment of women with Trichomonas vaginalis infection. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 286:125-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Terauchi M, Hiramitsu S, Akiyoshi M, Owa Y, Kato K, Obayashi S, Matsushima E, Kubota T. Associations between anxiety, depression and insomnia in peri- and post-menopausal women. Maturitas 2012; 72:61-5. [PMID: 22326659 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the correlation between somatic and psychological symptoms and insomnia and the contribution of depression and anxiety to insomnia in a sample of peri- and post-menopausal women in a clinical setting. STUDY DESIGN The responses of 237 peri- and post-menopausal women enrolled in the Systematic Health and Nutrition Education Program (SHNEP) at the Menopause Clinic of the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital between November 2007 and December 2010 to the Menopausal Health-Related Quality of Life (MHR-QOL) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires were subjected to Spearman's rank correlation and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The analysis revealed that (1) insomnia is highly prevalent, (2) the symptoms of difficulty in initiating sleep (DIS) and experiencing non-restorative sleep (NRS) are more strongly correlated with psychological than somatic symptoms, and (3) DIS is strongly associated with anxiety while NRS is strongly associated with depression in the population studied. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia is highly prevalent among peri- and post-menopausal female patients in a clinical setting and more closely associated with psychological than somatic symptoms. DIS is strongly correlated with anxiety while NRS is strongly correlated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Terauchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Terauchi M, Akiyoshi M, Owa Y, Kato K, Obayashi S, Kubota T. Effects of the Kampo medication keishibukuryogan on blood pressure in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2011; 114:149-52. [PMID: 21669429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of keishibukuryogan (TJ-25)-a medicine of the Kampo tradition (the Japanese adaptation of Chinese herbal medicine)-on middle-aged women with high blood pressure. METHODS The records of 77 peri- and postmenopausal women with high-normal blood pressure or hypertension were analyzed retrospectively. The women had participated in the Systematic Health and Nutrition Education Program at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University in Tokyo, Japan, and had received education only (controls; n = 47) or education and treatment with TJ-25 (n = 30). RESULTS The baseline characteristics of the 2 groups were comparable. After approximately 6 months, women in the TJ-25 group showed significant reductions in their systolic blood pressure (from 148.4mm Hg to 134.8mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (from 89.7 mm Hg to 83.7 mm Hg), pulse rate (from 79.5 beats/min to 73.5 beats/min), and resting energy expenditure (from 1552 kcal/day to 1373 kcal/day). Several menopausal symptoms including perspiration, difficulty in initiating sleep, nonrestorative sleep, and headaches/dizziness were also improved. In addition, women in the TJ-25 group had increased health-related quality of life scores in the domains of physical health and life satisfaction. CONCLUSION TJ-25 alleviates menopausal symptoms and concurrently lowers the blood pressure of middle-aged women with high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Terauchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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