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Bakshi J, Goyal AK, Singh V, Sannigrahi M, Khullar M. Stage-specific expression analysis ofMMP-2 & MMP-9 in laryngeal carcinoma. J Cancer Res Ther 2020; 16:517-520. [PMID: 32719260 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_360_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the Study Both matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is involved in degradation of extracellular matrix and found to stimulate invasion and metastasis in cancer patients. However, studies on the stage-specific expression of MMPs at different stages of larynx carcinoma are still lacking. In the present study, we compare the expression level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at different stages of laryngeal carcinoma. Material and Methods Tumor tissues samples were taken from larynx cancer patients by deep biopsy during direct laryngoscopy. Gene expression for MMP-2 and MMP-9 was analyzed using RT-PCR. Results Significantly high expression of MMP-2 was observed compared to the MMP-9 at stage IV compared to the less advanced stages of the disease. Conclusion Present study concluded that the MMP-2 expressed with a greater magnitude as compared to the MMP-9 in advance stages of laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimanti Bakshi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery (ENT), PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Atul Kumar Goyal
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery (ENT), PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Virender Singh
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery (ENT), PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Madhu Khullar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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2
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Acıkgoz Mert GS, Ceri M, Calli Demirkan N, Sahin B, Mert M, Dursun B. Effect of bevacizumab and everolimus combination treatment on peritoneal sclerosis in an experimental rat model. Ther Apher Dial 2020; 25:323-330. [PMID: 33439548 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether bevacizumab and everolimus combination therapy is superior to bevacizumab treatment alone as a treatment for peritoneal sclerosis. Forty Wistar albino rats were divided into five equal groups. The control group received isotonic saline solution (2 mL/day) intraperitoneal (IP) daily for 3 weeks. The CG group received 2 mL 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) and 15% ethanol dissolved in saline IP daily for 3 weeks. Peritoneal tissue samples were taken at the end of 3 weeks. The resting group received CG (weeks 0-3), plus isotonic saline solution (2 mL/day) IP daily and tap water (2 mL/day) via a feeding tube daily (weeks 3-6).The bevacizumab group received CG (weeks 1-3) plus bevacizumab at 2.5 mg/kg/day (2 mL) IP daily and tap water (2 mL/day) via a feeding tube daily (weeks 3-6). The bevacizumab+everolimus group received CG (weeks 1-3) plus bevacizumab at 2.5 mg/kg/day (2 mL) IP daily and everolimus at 0.3 mg/kg/day (2 mL) via a feeding tube daily (weeks 3-6). Peritoneal tissue samples were taken from these three groups at the end of 6 weeks and were examined after staining with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. Inflammation, vasculopathy, fibrosis, and peritoneal thickness were evaluated under light microscopy. The samples were also stained with anti-TGF-β and anti-MMP-2. Inflammation and vasculopathy scores were significantly decreased in the VEGF-i group compared to the CG group. The addition of everolimus to VEGF-i showed significantly lower inflammation, vasculopathy, fibrosis scores, and an evident decrease in peritoneal thickening (respectively, 2.29 ± 0.76 vs 0.57 ± 0.53, P = .003; 2.71 ± 0.76 vs 1.43 ± 0.53, P = .008; 2.57 ± 0.79 vs 1.57 ± 0.79, P = .04; 247.5 ± 136.1 vs 84.5 ± 48.6, P = .048). MMP-2 levels were lower in the combination group compared to the resting group (2.63 ± 0.74 vs 1.86 ± 0.38, P = .019). The study results demonstrated that bevacizumab and everolimus combination therapy was more effective than bevacizumab therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mevlut Ceri
- Department of Nephrology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nese Calli Demirkan
- Department of Pathology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Barbaros Sahin
- Department of Experimental Surgery Application and Research, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Mert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Belda Dursun
- Department of Nephrology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
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3
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Li G, Pan C, Sun J, Wan G, Sun J. lncRNA SOX2-OT regulates laryngeal cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion and induces apoptosis by suppressing miR-654. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3316-3324. [PMID: 32266028 PMCID: PMC7132247 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal carcinoma is the most common type of malignant tumor in the head and neck. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve crucial roles in numerous biological processes. The present study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA SOX2-OT in laryngeal cancer and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assays were used to measure the expression levels of SOX2-OT in the laryngeal cell lines. Furthermore, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed by CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Western blot assay was performed to detect the protein expressions. In addition, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the direct interaction between SOX2-OT and microRNA (miR)-654. The data demonstrated that SOX2-OT level were significantly increased in the laryngeal cell lines. Furthermore, SOX2-OT silencing markedly promoted apoptosis and suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of TU-177 cells. A dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-654 was a direct target of SOX2-OT. Moreover, downregulation of miR-654 could attenuate cell apoptosis and accelerate cell proliferation, migration and invasion in TU-177 cells. In summary, the present study reported that knockdown of SOX2-OT could suppress cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induce apoptosis in laryngeal cancer by targeting miR-654.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Chunchen Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Guanglun Wan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jingwu Sun
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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4
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Expression and Concentration of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases 1 in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:3136792. [PMID: 31143300 PMCID: PMC6501248 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3136792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in cancerous tissue as well as in the serum and plasma concentrations of these proteins in patients with laryngeal cancer and compare the results to the inflammatory reaction in healthy subjects. Twenty-seven patients who were diagnosed with laryngeal carcinoma and selected for total laryngectomy were included in the study group. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in tissues was assessed using immunohistochemical assays. Immunoenzymatic ELISA methods were used to measure MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations in serum and plasma. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were identified in tumor cells and in the tumor stroma compartment, as well as in macroscopically healthy mucous membrane. MMP-9 expression was more significant in tumor stroma than in the perimatrix of the mucous membrane (p = 0.047). TIMP-1 expression was significantly higher in the matrix and perimatrix of the mucous membrane than in cancer tissue (p = 0.0093) and the tumor stroma compartment (p < 0.0001). Expression of TIMP-1 was observed more frequently in tumors without infiltrated lymph nodes (p = 0.009). Serum concentrations of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 as well as plasma TIMP-1 concentration were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.0004, p = 0.002, and p = 0.0001, respectively). A significantly higher TIMP-1 level in plasma was found in patients with poorly differentiated tumors compared to G1 and G2 (p = 0.046). MMP-9/TIMP-1 rate in serum was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. The balance between the level of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 is disrupted in laryngeal cancer. The significant correlation between TIMP-1 expression and the presence of lymph node metastases, as well as that between TIMP-1 plasma concentration and stage of cancer histological differentiation, might indicate the importance of this molecule as a prognostic factor during carcinogenesis.
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Lotfi A, Mohammadi G, Saniee L, Mousaviagdas M, Chavoshi H, Tavassoli A. Serum Level of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in Patients with Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Clinical Significance. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:6749-51. [PMID: 26434905 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.15.6749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal cancer is an important malignancy in head and neck area and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common type accounting for 95% of cases. Increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in different tumors and their correlation with tumor invasiveness has been documented. However, most studies have evaluated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and few have evaluated serum levels. The aim of current study was to evaluate serum levels in patients with laryngeal SCC compared to normal subjects and assess any relation with tumor clinicopathological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case control study, 20 patients with oral SCC and 20 healthy subjects were included. Serum levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were compared between groups and correlations with findings including grade (T) and node involvement (N) were evaluated. RESULTS Patients with laryngeal SCC had significantly higher serum levels of MMP-2 (p=0.01) and MMP-9 (p=0.03) compared to healthy subjects. Patients with higher T stage (T3,4) had significantly higher MMP-2 (p=0.04) and MMP-9 (p=0.01). There was significant positive correlation between serum levels of MMP-2 with T stage (r=0.45, p=0.04) and lymph node involvement (r=0.563, p=0.01) and between levels of MMP-9 with T stage (r=0.527, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that compared to healthy subjects, both MMP-2 and MMP-9 are significantly increased in serum of laryngeal SCC cases. MMP-2 was correlated with lymph node involvement while MMP-9 has stronger correlation with T stage compared to MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Lotfi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran E-mail :
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Bodnar M, Luczak M, Bednarek K, Szylberg L, Marszalek A, Grenman R, Szyfter K, Jarmuz-Szymczak M, Giefing M. Proteomic profiling identifies the inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) protein as a potential biomarker of metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1469-76. [PMID: 26948660 PMCID: PMC4875942 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Relapse and metastasis are the main causes of unfavorable outcome in head and neck cancers. Whereas, understanding of the molecular background of these processes is far from being complete. Therefore, in this study we aimed to identify potential biomarker candidates of relapse and metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) by combining the 2D electrophoresis based protein screen and immunohistochemical analysis of candidate proteins. We screened three groups of LSCC cell lines derived from primary tumors, recurrent tumors and metastases and identified seven proteins that differed significantly in relative abundance between the analyzed groups. Among the identified proteins were the heat shock proteins HSP60 and HSP70 that were significantly downregulated both in recurrences- and metastases-derived cell lines but not in primary tumor-derived cell lines. Moreover, we identified significant upregulation of the annexin V, calreticulin and the inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) exclusively in the metastases-derived cell lines. As these upregulated proteins could potentially become novel biomarkers of metastasis, we have compared their abundance in primary tumor LSCC N(0) cases, primary tumor LSCC N(+) cases as well as in LSCC metastases N(+). Our results show an intense increase of cytoplasmic PPA1 abundance in the N(+) (p = 0.000042) compared to the N(0) group. In summary, we show a group of proteins deregulated in recurrences and metastases of LSCC. Moreover, we suggest the PPA1 protein as a potential new biomarker for metastasis in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Luczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kinga Bednarek
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszalek
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Chair of Oncologic Pathology and Epidemiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Reidar Grenman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Krzysztof Szyfter
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Audiology and Phoniatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Jarmuz-Szymczak
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Giefing
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland. .,Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngeal Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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7
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Khan Z, Khan AA, Prasad GBKS, Khan N, Tiwari RP, Bisen PS. Growth inhibition and chemo-radiosensitization of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by survivin-siRNA lentivirus. Radiother Oncol 2015; 118:359-68. [PMID: 26747757 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin expression is often associated with aggressive tumor behavior and therapy resistance. In this study, we investigated the effect of survivin knockdown by survivin-siRNA lentiviral vector (Svv-Lent) on the response of HNSCC to chemo-radiotherapy, tumor growth and metastasis. METHODS Four human HNSCC (OSC19, Cal27, Cal33 and FaDu) and one normal HOK cell lines were included in the study, and survivin knockdown was achieved with Svv-Lent treatment. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by MTT and TUNEL assay, respectively. Transwell assays were performed to measure in vitro cell migration and matrigel invasion. Xenograft tumors were developed in nude mice by injecting Cal27 cells subcutaneously and following tail-vein injection of lung and liver metastasis. RESULTS Knockdown of survivin significantly suppressed HNSCC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro. Survivin inhibition could also significantly reduce in vitro cell migration and matrigel invasion that might be due to inactivation of matrix metalloproteinases. In vivo studies showed significant repression of Cal27 xenograft tumor growth and tissue metastasis leading to improvement in mice survival in the Svv-Lent treated group compared to controls. Our data indicated that survivin expression in HNSCC cells contributed to chemo-radioresistance, and its down-regulation increased anti-cancer effects of paclitaxel, cisplatin and radiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that sustained survivin expression facilitates HNSCC tumor growth and confers resistance to chemo-radiotherapy. Svv-Lent therapy may be able to enhance the cytotoxic effect of commonly used anticancer drugs such as cisplatin and paclitaxel, and radiotherapy that could provide a promising strategy for the effective control of resistant head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Khan
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India; Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Abdul Arif Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Noor Khan
- Division of Plant-Microbe Interactions, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Raju SC, Hauff SJ, Lemieux AJ, Orosco RK, Gross AM, Nguyen LT, Savariar E, Moss W, Whitney M, Cohen EE, Lippman SM, Tsien RY, Ideker T, Advani SJ, Nguyen QT. Combined TP53 mutation/3p loss correlates with decreased radiosensitivity and increased matrix-metalloproteinase activity in head and neck carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:470-5. [PMID: 25735654 PMCID: PMC4427339 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) containing TP53 mutation and 3p deletion ("double-hit") have poorer prognosis compared to patients with either event alone ("single-hit"). The etiology for worse clinical outcomes in patients with "double-hit" cancers is unclear. We compared radiosensitivity of cell lines containing both TP53 mutations and deletion of Fragile Histidine Triad (FHIT, the gene most commonly associated with 3p deletion) to "single-hit" lines with only TP53 mutation. We compared radiosensitivity in a "single-hit" cell line with TP53 mutation converted to "double-hit" using RNA interference targeting FHIT. Finally, we compared matrixmetalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9) activity, a previously-established biomarker for tumor aggressiveness, in xenograft tumors derived from these cell lines. MATERIALS/METHODS TP53 mutation and FHIT deletion profiles of HNSCC lines were established using Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). We used RNA-interference to convert a "single-hit" cell line (SCC4) to "double-hit". Cultured cells were examined for radiosensitivity and cisplatin sensitivity. MMP-2/9 activity was evaluated in "double-hit" versus "single-hit" tumors using ratiometric activatable cell-penetrating peptide (RACPP) in tongue (n=17) and flank xenografts (n=4). RESULTS Radiotherapy caused greater double-stranded DNA breaks in "single-hit" vs naturally occurring and engineered "double-hit" cells. In-vivo, "double-hit" xenografts demonstrated higher MMP-2/9 activity compared to "single-hit" xenografts (p<0.01). There was no difference in cisplatin sensitivity between the cell lines. CONCLUSIONS TP53 mutation combined with FHIT deletion correlates with decreased radiosensitivity in HNC cell lines. Xenograft from "double-hit" cells exhibit increased MMP-2/9 activity. These findings may in part account for the worse clinical outcome seen in patients with HNSCC "double-hit" tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharat C Raju
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Samantha J Hauff
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Aaron J Lemieux
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ryan K Orosco
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Gross
- Bioinfomatics and Systems Biology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Linda T Nguyen
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - William Moss
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Whitney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Roger Y Tsien
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Bioinfomatics and Systems Biology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sunil J Advani
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Quyen T Nguyen
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
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9
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Hauff SJ, Raju SC, Orosco RK, Gross AM, Diaz-Perez JA, Savariar E, Nashi N, Hasselman J, Whitney M, Myers JN, Lippman SM, Tsien RY, Ideker T, Nguyen QT. Matrix-metalloproteinases in head and neck carcinoma-cancer genome atlas analysis and fluorescence imaging in mice. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 151:612-8. [PMID: 25091190 PMCID: PMC4469264 DOI: 10.1177/0194599814545083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (1) Obtain matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) expression profiles for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) specimens from the Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA). (2) Demonstrate HNSCC imaging using MMP-cleavable, fluorescently labeled ratiometric activatable cell-penetrating peptide (RACPP). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective human cohort study; prospective animal study. SETTING Translational research laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Patient clinical data and mRNA expression levels of MMP genes were downloaded from TCGA data portal. RACPP provides complementary ratiometric fluorescent contrast (increased Cy5 and decreased Cy7 intensities) when cleaved by MMP2/9. HNSCC-tumor bearing mice were imaged in vivo after RACPP injection. Histology was evaluated by a pathologist blinded to experimental conditions. Zymography confirmed MMP-2/9 activity in xenografts. RACPP was applied to homogenized human HNSCC specimens, and ratiometric fluorescent signal was measured on a microplate reader for ex vivo analysis. RESULTS Expression of multiple MMPs including MMP2/9 is greater in patient HNSCC tumors than matched control tissue. In patients with human papilloma virus positive (HPV+) tumors, higher MMP2 and MMP14 expression correlates with worse 5-year survival. Orthotopic tongue HNSCC xenografts showed excellent ratiometric fluorescent labeling with MMP2/9-cleavable RACPP (sensitivity = 95.4%, specificity = 95.0%). Fluorescence ratios were greater in areas of higher tumor burden (P < .03), which is useful for intraoperative margin assessment. Ex vivo, human HNSCC specimens showed greater cleavage of RACPP when compared to control tissue (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS Human HNSCC tumors show increased mRNA expression of multiple MMPs including MMP2/9. We used RACPP, a ratiometric fluorescence assay of MMP2/9 activity, to show improved occult tumor identification and margin clearance. Ex vivo assays using RACPP in biopsy specimens may identify patients who will benefit from intraoperative RACPP use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Hauff
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sharat C Raju
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ryan K Orosco
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Andrew M Gross
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Julio A Diaz-Perez
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Elamprakash Savariar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nadia Nashi
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Hasselman
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael Whitney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Roger Y Tsien
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, California, USA Division of Medical Genetics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Quyen T Nguyen
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in cancer cells invasion and metastasis processes and have been investigated as potential cancer biomarkers. In this study MMP-9 gene expression and MMP-9 -1562 C/T polymorphism in breast and non-small cell lung cancer patients' blood and tumor samples and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters were investigated. MATERIAL/METHODS MMP-9 gene expression was assessed by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction method in 108 cancer patients' blood and tumor samples. MMP-9 -1562 C/T polymorphism was determined by the polymerase chain reaction - based restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS Significant relationship of MMP-9 gene expression and tumor differentiation grade was found only between groups with G1 and G3 breast tumors. Low survival rates were identified among positive MMP-9 expression in blood and ductal carcinoma of the breast (p=0.01) and negative progesterone receptor reaction (p=0.04). Significant differences in the distribution among genotypes were found between groups with stage I and stages III/IV (p=0.005) as well as between groups with lymph node status N0 and N1 (p<0.001). Breast cancer patients with tumor differentiation grade G3 and identified CC variant had a longer survival time (p=0.014). Shorter survival time was found among positive MMP-9 expression in tumor and stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients with negative lymph node (p=0.012) and squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS Expression of MMP-9 in blood and tumor together indicates worse prognosis for breast cancer patients.
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11
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Hua D, Qin F, Shen L, Jiang Z, Zou ST, Xu L, Cheng ZH, Wu SL. β3GnT8 regulates laryngeal carcinoma cell proliferation via targeting MMPs/TIMPs and TGF-β1. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2087-93. [PMID: 22901175 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence showed β1, 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 8 (β3GnT8), which can extend polylactosamine on N-glycans, to be highly expressed in some cancer cell lines and tissues, indicating roles in tumorigenesis. However, so far, the function of β3GnT8 in laryngeal carcinoma has not been characterized. To test any contribution, Hep-2 cells were stably transfected with sense or interference vectors to establish cell lines that overexpressed or were deficient in β3GnT8. Here we showed that cell proliferation was increased in β3GnT8 overexpressed cells but decreased in β3GnT8 knockdown cells using MTT. Furthermore, we demonstrated that change in β3GnT8 expression had significant effects on tumor growth in nude mice.We further provided data suggesting that overexpression of β3GnT8 enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) at both the mRNA and protein levels, associated with shedding of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase TIMP-2. In addition, it caused increased production of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), whereas β3GnT8 gene knockdown caused the reverse effect. The results may indicate a novel mechanism by which effects of β3GnT8 in regulating cellular proliferation are mediated, at least in partvia targeting MMPs/TIMPs and TGF-β1 in laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells. The finding may lay a foundation for further investigations into the β3GnT8 as a potential target for therapy of laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hua
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, China
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12
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Savariar EN, Felsen CN, Nashi N, Jiang T, Ellies LG, Steinbach P, Tsien RY, Nguyen QT. Real-time in vivo molecular detection of primary tumors and metastases with ratiometric activatable cell-penetrating peptides. Cancer Res 2013; 73:855-64. [PMID: 23188503 PMCID: PMC3799878 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Management of metastatic disease is integral to cancer treatment. Evaluation of metastases often requires surgical removal of all anatomically susceptible lymph nodes for ex vivo pathologic examination. We report a family of novel ratiometric activatable cell-penetrating peptides, which contain Cy5 as far red fluorescent donor and Cy7 as near-infrared fluorescent acceptor. Cy5 is quenched in favor of Cy7 re-emission until the intervening linker is cut by tumor-associated matrix metalloproteinases-2 and 9 (MMP2,9) or elastases. Such cleavage increases the Cy5:Cy7 emission ratio 40-fold and triggers tissue retention of the Cy5-containing fragment. This ratiometric increase provides an accelerated and quantifiable metric to identify primary tumors and metastases to liver and lymph nodes with increased sensitivity and specificity. This technique represents a significant advance over existing nonratiometric protease sensors and sentinel lymph node detection methods, which give no information about cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Csilla N. Felsen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nadia Nashi
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tao Jiang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lesley G. Ellies
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Paul Steinbach
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Roger Y. Tsien
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Quyen T. Nguyen
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Zhang H, Chen X, Jin Y, Liu B, Zhou L. Overexpression of Aurora-A promotes laryngeal cancer progression by enhancing invasive ability and chromosomal instability. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 269:607-14. [PMID: 21584819 PMCID: PMC3259349 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-011-1629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the expression of Aurora-A in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and to explore the effects of Aurora-A silencing on invasion and chromosomal instability in laryngeal cancer HEp-2 cells. The expression of Aurora-A mRNA and protein were studied using reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot in LSCC tissues and corresponding normal epithelium, respectively. In addition, the correlation between Aurora-A expression and clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed in LSCC patients. Furthermore, HEp-2 cells were transfected with Aurora-A short hairpin RNA and the effects of knockdown of Aurora-A on tumor invasion and chromosomal instability were investigated. The results showed that expression of Aurora-A mRNA was significantly upregulated in laryngeal tumor tissue compared with that in normal tissue (P = 0.001), and overexpression of Aurora-A was found in 64.0% (16 of 25) of the patients by Western blotting. Upregulation of Aurora-A mRNA was significantly correlated with regional lymph node metastasis (P = 0.007) and clinical stage III/IV (P = 0.022). Overexpression of Aurora-A was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.027). Furthermore, disruption of Aurora-A using RNA interference technique suppressed invasive ability and chromosomal instability in HEp-2 cells. In conclusion, Aurora-A expression is elevated in human LSCC and associated with regional lymph node metastasis and late clinical stage. Overexpression of Aurora-A may contribute to LSCC carcinogenesis and progression partially due to enhancement of invasion ability and chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Xuehua Chen
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuesheng Jin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bingya Liu
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 FenYang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
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