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Liu Y, Jing Y, Gao Y, Li M, Qin W, Xie Y, Zhang B, Li J. Exploring the correlation between childhood trauma experiences, inflammation, and brain activity in first-episode, drug-naive major depressive disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01847-3. [PMID: 39073445 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma experiences and inflammation are pivotal factors in the onset and perpetuation of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, research on brain mechanisms linking childhood trauma experiences and inflammation to depression remains insufficient and inconclusive. METHODS Resting-state fMRI scans were performed on fifty-six first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients and sixty healthy controls (HCs). A whole-brain functional network was constructed by thresholding 246 brain regions, and connectivity and network properties were calculated. Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in MDD patients, and childhood trauma experiences were evaluated through the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). RESULTS Negative correlations were observed between CTQ total (r = -0.28, p = 0.047), emotional neglect (r = -0.286, p = 0.042) scores, as well as plasma IL-6 levels (r = -0.294, p = 0.036), with mean decreased functional connectivity (FC) in MDD patients. Additionally, physical abuse exhibited a positive correlation with the nodal clustering coefficient of the left thalamus in patients (r = 0.306, p = 0.029). Exploratory analysis indicated negative correlations between CTQ total and emotional neglect scores and mean decreased FC in MDD patients with lower plasma IL-6 levels (n = 28), while these correlations were nonsignificant in MDD patients with higher plasma IL-6 levels (n = 28). CONCLUSIONS This finding enhances our understanding of the correlation between childhood trauma experiences, inflammation, and brain activity in MDD, suggesting potential variations in their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yifan Jing
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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Zhang X, Cheng X, Chen J, Sun J, Yang X, Li W, Chen L, Mao Y, Liu Y, Zeng X, Ye B, Yang C, Li X, Cao L. Distinct global brain connectivity alterations in depressed adolescents with subthreshold mania and the relationship with processing speed: Evidence from sBEAD Cohort. J Affect Disord 2024; 357:97-106. [PMID: 38657768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a progressive condition. Investigating the neuroimaging mechanisms in depressed adolescents with subthreshold mania (SubMD) facilitates the early identification of BD. However, the global brain connectivity (GBC) patterns in SubMD patients, as well as the relationship with processing speed before the onset of full-blown BD, remain unclear. METHODS The study involved 72 SubMD, 77 depressed adolescents without subthreshold mania (nSubMD), and 69 gender- and age-matched healthy adolescents (HCs). All patients underwent a clinical follow-up ranging from six to twelve months. We calculated the voxel-based graph theory analysis of the GBC map and conducted the TMT-A test to measure the processing speed. RESULTS Compared to HCs and nSubMD, SubMD patients displayed distinctive GBC index patterns: GBC index decreased in the right Medial Superior Frontal Gyrus (SFGmed.R)/Superior Frontal Gyrus (SFG) while increased in the right Precuneus and left Postcentral Gyrus. Both patient groups showed increased GBC index in the right Inferior Temporal Gyrus. An increased GBC value in the right Supplementary Motor Area was exclusively observed in the nSubMD-group. There were opposite changes in the GBC index in SFGmed.R/SFG between two patient groups, with an AUC of 0.727. Additionally, GBC values in SFGmed.R/SFG exhibited a positive correlation with TMT-A scores in SubMD-group. LIMITATIONS Relatively shorter follow-up duration, medications confounding, and modest sample size. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that adolescents with subthreshold BD have specific impairments patterns at the whole brain connectivity level associated with processing speed impairments, providing insights into early identification and intervention strategies for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510300, PR China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510000, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Cheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510300, PR China
| | - Jianshan Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510300, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510300, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong province 510300, PR China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510300, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510300, PR China
| | - Yimiao Mao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510300, PR China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510300, PR China
| | - Xuanlin Zeng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510300, PR China
| | - Biyu Ye
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510300, PR China
| | - Chanjuan Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510300, PR China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510300, PR China.
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province 510300, PR China.
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Verma C, Jain K, Saini A, Mani I, Singh V. Exploring the potential of drug repurposing for treating depression. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 207:79-105. [PMID: 38942546 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Researchers are interested in drug repurposing or drug repositioning of existing pharmaceuticals because of rising costs and slower rates of new medication development. Other investigations that authorized these treatments used data from experimental research and off-label drug use. More research into the causes of depression could lead to more effective pharmaceutical repurposing efforts. In addition to the loss of neurotransmitters like serotonin and adrenaline, inflammation, inadequate blood flow, and neurotoxins are now thought to be plausible mechanisms. Because of these other mechanisms, repurposing drugs has resulted for treatment-resistant depression. This chapter focuses on therapeutic alternatives and their effectiveness in drug repositioning. Atypical antipsychotics, central nervous system stimulants, and neurotransmitter antagonists have investigated for possible repurposing. Nonetheless, extensive research is required to ensure their formulation, effectiveness, and regulatory compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kritika Jain
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Saini
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Indra Mani
- Department of Microbiology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, India.
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Fan S, Zhang J, Wu Y, Yu Y, Zheng H, Guo YY, Ji Y, Pang X, Tian Y. Changed brain entropy and functional connectivity patterns induced by electroconvulsive therapy in majoy depression disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 339:111788. [PMID: 38335560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective is to innovatively integrate both linear and nonlinear characteristics of brain signals in Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) research, with the goal of uncovering deeper insights into the pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and identifying novel targets for other physical intervention therapies. METHODS We measured brain entropy (BEN) in 42 MDD patients and 42 matched healthy controls (HC) using rs-fMRI data. Brain regions that differed significantly in patients with MDD before and after ECT were extracted. Then, we use these brain regions as seed points to investigate the differences in whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns before and after ECT. RESULTS Compared to HCs, patients had higher BEN levels in the right precuneus (PCUN.R) and right angular gyrus (ANG.R). After ECT, patients had lower BEN levels in the PCUN.R and ANG.R. Compared with before ECT, patients showed significantly increased RSFC after ECT between the PCUN.R and right middle temporal gyrus and ANG.R. Significantly increased RSFC was observed between the ANG.R and right middle frontal gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus after ECT. CONCLUSION Combining the linear and nonlinear characteristics of brain signals can effectively explore the pathogenesis of depression and provide new targets for ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Fan
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei. 230022, PR China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- The College of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Psychology and Sleep Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei,. 230601, PR China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei. 230022, PR China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei. 230022, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei. 230022, PR China
| | - Yang Ji
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei. 230022, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Pang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Yanghua Tian
- The College of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China; Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230088, PR China; Department of Psychology and Sleep Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei,. 230601, PR China.
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Liu Y, Zhang B, Zhou Y, Li M, Gao Y, Qin W, Xie Y, Liu W, Jing Y, Li J. Plasma oxidative stress marker levels related to functional brain abnormalities in first-episode drug-naive major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2024; 333:115742. [PMID: 38232568 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is marked by abnormal brain function and elevated plasma oxidative stress markers. The specific relationship between these factors in MDD remains unclear. In this study, we conducted resting-state fMRI scans on fifty-seven first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients and sixty healthy controls. Plasma levels of oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GSR)) were assessed using ELISA. Our results revealed a positive correlation between plasma SOD and GSR levels in MDD patients and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values in key brain regions-thalamus, anterior cingulate gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus. Further analysis indicated positive correlations between plasma SOD and GSR levels and specific ALFF values in MDD patients without suicidal ideation, with these correlations not significant in MDD patients with suicidal ideation. Additionally, seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between plasma GSR levels and connectivity between the thalamus and insula, while plasma SOD levels showed a positive correlation with connectivity between the thalamus and precuneus. These findings contribute to our understanding of MDD's pathophysiology and heterogeneity, highlighting the association between plasma oxidative stress markers and functional abnormalities in diverse brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yuwen Zhou
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Weigang Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yifan Jing
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China.
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Jin C, Qi S, Yang L, Teng Y, Li C, Yao Y, Ruan X, Wei X. Abnormal functional connectivity density involvement in freezing of gait and its application for subtyping Parkinson's disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:375-385. [PMID: 37243751 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms at work in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with freezing of gait (FOG) remain poorly understood. Functional connectivity density (FCD) could provide an unbiased way to analyse connectivity across the brain. In this study, a total of 23 PD patients with FOG (PD FOG + patients), 26 PD patients without FOG (PD FOG- patients), and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited, and their resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) images were collected. FCD mapping was first performed to identify differences between groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore relationships between FCD values and the severity of FOG. Then, a machine learning model was employed to classify each pair of groups. PD FOG + patients showed significantly increased short-range FCD in the precuneus, cingulate gyrus, and fusiform gyrus and decreased long-range FCD in the frontal gyrus, temporal gyrus, and cingulate gyrus. Short-range FCD values in the middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus were positively correlated with FOG questionnaire (FOGQ) scores, and long-range FCD values in the middle frontal gyrus were negatively correlated with FOGQ scores. Using FCD in abnormal regions as input, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier can achieve classification with good performance. The mean accuracy values were 0.895 (PD FOG + vs. HC), 0.966 (PD FOG- vs. HC), and 0.897 (PD FOG + vs. PD FOG-). This study demonstrates that PD FOG + patients showed altered short- and long-range FCD in several brain regions involved in action planning and control, motion processing, emotion, cognition, and object recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Jin
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shouliang Qi
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yueyang Teng
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yudong Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA
| | - Xiuhang Ruan
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Li Y, Qian L, Li G, Zhang Z. Frequency specificity of aberrant triple networks in major depressive disorder: a resting-state effective connectivity study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1200029. [PMID: 37457005 PMCID: PMC10347531 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with aberrant effective connectivity (EC) among the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN)-collectively referred to as triple networks. However, prior research has predominantly concentrated on broad frequency bands (0.01-0.08 Hz or 0.01-0.15 Hz), ignoring the influence of distinct rhythms on triple network causal dynamics. In the present study, we aim to investigate EC alterations within the triple networks across various frequency bands in patients with MDD. Utilizing a data-driven frequency decomposition approach and a multivariate Granger causality analysis, we characterized frequency-specific EC patterns of triple networks in 49 MDD patients and 54 healthy controls. A support vector machine classifier was subsequently employed to assess the discriminative capacity of the frequency-specific EC features. Our findings revealed that, compared to controls, patients exhibited not only enhanced mean EC within the CEN in the conventional frequency band (0.01-0.08 Hz), but also decreased mean EC from the SN to the DMN in a higher frequency band (0.12-0.18 Hz), and increased mean EC from the CEN to the SN in a sub-frequency band (0.04-0.08 Hz); the latter was significantly correlated with disease severity. Moreover, optimal classification performance for distinguishing patients from controls was attained by combining EC features across all three frequency bands, with the area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.8831 and the corresponding accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 89.97%, 92.63%, and 87.32%, respectively. These insights into EC changes within the triple networks across multiple frequency bands offer valuable perspectives on the neurobiological basis of MDD and could aid in developing frequency-specific EC features as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linze Qian
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Provincial, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- College of Mathematical Medicine, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Hangzhou Normal University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Electroconvulsive therapy changes temporal dynamics of intrinsic brain activity in depressed patients. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114732. [PMID: 35926361 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been demonstrated to be effective in treating depressed patients. Previous neuroimaging studies have focused mainly on alterations in static brain activity and connectivity to study the effects of ECT in depressed patients. However, it remains unclear whether the temporal dynamics of brain activity are associated with mechanisms of ECT in depressed patients. We measured the dynamics of spontaneous brain activity using dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) in healthy controls (n = 40) and patients diagnosed with unipolar depression (UD, n = 36) or bipolar disorder (BD, n = 9) before and after ECT. Furthermore, the temporal variability of intrinsic brain activity (iBA) was quantified as the variance of dALFF across sliding window. In addition, correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships among dALFF, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function in depressed patients. We lack second resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data for healthy controls. After ECT, patients showed decreased brain dynamics (less temporal variability) in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the right precuneus, whereas they showed increased brain dynamics in the bilateral superior medial frontal cortex (mSFC). No significant correlation was found between the dALFF and clinical variables in depressed patients. Our findings suggest that right dACC, right precuneus, and bilateral mSFC play an important role in response to ECT depressed patients from the perspective of dynamic local brain activity, indicating that the dALFF variability may be useful in further understanding the mechanisms of ECT's antidepressant effects.
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Zhang F, Wang C, Lan X, Li W, Fu L, Ye Y, Liu H, Wu K, Zhou Y, Ning Y. The functional connectivity of the middle frontal cortex predicts ketamine’s outcome in major depressive disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:956056. [PMID: 36188452 PMCID: PMC9521309 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.956056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ketamine, a robust antidepressant, has promising potential in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it does not work for all MDD patients, and the mechanism underlying its anti-depressive effects is unclear. Researchers have explored the mechanisms of ketamine action in MDD patients through MRI, a technique that measures brain activity intuitively. Notably, many MRI results were inconsistent because they selected different brain regions as seeds, particularly with respect to functional connectivity (FC) analysis. To eliminate the influence of prior seeds as much as possible, we used the significantly different results in degree centrality (DC) analysis as seeds to explore the FC changes in MDD patients to identify an imaging biomarker of ketamine’s effect. Methods Forty-four MDD patients and 45 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. Patients, aged 18–65, received six intravenous ketamine injections over 12 days. Depressive symptoms were estimated and MRI scans were performed at baseline and the day after the sixth infusion. We estimated FC differences between responders, non-responders and HCs using the region that showed significant differences between responders and non-responders in DC analysis as the seed. The correlation between the MADRS changes and zFC values was performed, and the potential of zFC values to be a neuroimaging biomarker was explored using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Result Compared with non-responders, responders had significantly decreased DC values in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). In the analysis of FC using the region that showed significant differences in DC as a seed, there was a significant difference in the region of the right supplementary motor area (SMA) among responders, non-responders, and HCs. This region also overlapped with the bilateral median cingulate gyrus. In post hoc analysis, responders had higher FC than non-responders and HCs, and non-responders had lower FC than HCs. Importantly, the FC between the MFG and SMA (overlapping bilateral median cingulate gyrus) was correlated with the improvement of symptoms, which was estimated by the Mongomery-Asberg Depression Scale (MADRS). FC has the potential to be an imaging biomarker that can predict the ketamine effect in MDD patients according to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Conclusion Our results revealed that FC between the SMG and SMA and mACC was highly correlated with depressive symptoms and has the potential to be a neuroimaging biomarker to predict the effect of ketamine in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lan
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weicheng Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Fu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxiang Ye
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzho, China
| | - Yanling Zhou
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuping Ning,
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Zhao W, Zhu DM, Li S, Cui S, Jiang P, Wang R, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Yu Y. The reduction of vitamin D in females with major depressive disorder is associated with worse cognition mediated by abnormal brain functional connectivity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 118:110577. [PMID: 35605842 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Low vitamin D is linked to major depressive disorder (MDD) through affecting the brain. Gender difference is apparent in MDD and vitamin D level. We aimed to examine the association between gender, vitamin D, clinical presentations, and brain functional connectivity in a large cohort of MDD patients and comparison subjects. Resting-state functional MRI data from 122 patients and 119 controls were collected to perform a combined analysis of functional connectivity density (FCD) and seed-based functional connectivity (FC). Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained to measure serum concentration of vitamin D (SCVD). Clinical presentations (symptoms profiles and cognition) were also assessed. We found an interaction of group and gender on SCVD in which MDD patients demonstrated lower SCVD than controls in females rather than males. Concurrently, lower SCVD was associated with worse cognitive performance (prospective memory and sustained attention). Compared with controls, female MDD patients showed reduced FCD and FC of the left middle frontal gyrus, which were related to lower SCVD. Importantly, these FCD and FC changes mediated the relationship between lower SCVD and cognitive dysfunction. Our findings suggest that functional connectivity abnormalities may serve as neural substrates underlying the associations between low vitamin D and cognitive impairments in female MDD patients, providing unique insight into treatment and prevention of MDD and its related cognitive dysfunction from the perspective of regulating circulating vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dao-Min Zhu
- Department of Sleep Disorders, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Shoubin Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shunshun Cui
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Sleep Disorders, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
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Functional MRI Changes in Patients after Thyroidectomy under General Anesthesia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1935125. [PMID: 35774279 PMCID: PMC9239812 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1935125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive changes affecting elderly patients following surgery under anesthesia have drawn significant attention and have been investigated in considerable depth. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) can be used to assess changes in brain functional connectivity (FC) associated with postoperative changes in cognition, a common complication in seniors undergoing surgery. In this study, we recruited 20 patients over 55 of age and scheduled an elective thyroidectomy under general anesthesia to assess perioperative changes in brain FC density (FCD) in patients undergoing thyroidectomy under general anesthesia using rs-fMRI. All 20 patients underwent a series of clinical, quantitative, neurological, and neuropsychological tests and fMRI examinations on the day before surgery (Day 0) and 7 days after surgery (Day 7). The following tests were conducted on all patients: the Minimental State Examination (MMSE), the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), the trail making test (part A), the verbal fluency test, and Warrington's recognition memory test (WRMT). FMRI data were acquired using a 3T MR system; the FCD values were calculated using the REST software package. We used paired t-tests to compare the FCD between Day 7 and Day 0. A value of p < 0.05 was considered to reflect statistical significance. The postoperative FCD was significantly reduced in the supplementary motor area (SMA). Analyses of the percentage changes of errors in the WRMT revealed a significant and negative correlation with the mean percentage change of FCD in the SMA (Spearman's r = −0.54, 95% CI: (-0.80, -0.12), p = 0.014). Postoperative changes in FCD in the SMA may be associated with the perioperative neurocognitive changes in patients undergoing partial thyroidectomy under general anesthesia.
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12
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Song Y, Wu H, Chen S, Ge H, Yan Z, Xue C, Qi W, Yuan Q, Liang X, Lin X, Chen J. Differential Abnormality in Functional Connectivity Density in Preclinical and Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:879836. [PMID: 35693335 PMCID: PMC9177137 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.879836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have a high risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). While most of the available evidence described changes in functional connectivity (FC) in SCD and aMCI, there was no confirmation of changes in functional connectivity density (FCD) that have not been confirmed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the specific alterations in resting-state FCD in SCD and aMCI and further assess the extent to which these changes can distinguish the preclinical and early-stage AD. Methods A total of 57 patients with SCD, 59 patients with aMCI, and 78 healthy controls (HC) were included. The global FCD, local FCD, and long-range FCD were calculated for each voxel to identify brain regions with significant FCD alterations. The brain regions with abnormal FCD were then used as regions of interest for FC analysis. In addition, we calculated correlations between neuroimaging alterations and cognitive function and performed receiver-operating characteristic analyses to assess the diagnostic effect of the FCD and FC alterations on SCD and aMCI. Results FCD mapping revealed significantly increased global FCD in the left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG.L) and increased long-range FCD in the left hippocampus for patients with SCD when compared to HCs. However, when compared to SCD, patients with aMCI showed significantly decreased global FCD and long-range FCD in the PHG.L. The follow-up FC analysis further revealed significant variations between the PHG.L and the occipital lobe in patients with SCD and aMCI. In addition, patients with SCD also presented significant changes in FC between the left hippocampus, the left cerebellum anterior lobe, and the inferior temporal gyrus. Moreover, changes in abnormal indicators in the SCD and aMCI groups were significantly associated with cognitive function. Finally, combining FCD and FC abnormalities allowed for a more precise differentiation of the clinical stages. Conclusion To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate specific alterations in FCD and FC for both patients with SCD and aMCI and confirms differential abnormalities that can serve as potential imaging markers for preclinical and early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Also, it adds a new dimension of understanding to the diagnosis of SCD and aMCI as well as the evaluation of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Ge
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhang Qi
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhong Liang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingjian Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xingjian Lin
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiu Chen
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13
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Tu Z, Wu F, Jiang X, Kong L, Tang Y. Gender differences in major depressive disorders: A resting state fMRI study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1025531. [PMID: 36440430 PMCID: PMC9685621 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1025531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a high disability rate and brings a large disease burden to patients and the country. Significant sex differences exist in both the epidemiological and clinical features in MDD. The effect of sex on brain function in MDD is not clear now. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and ALFF are widely used research method in the study of brain function. This research aimed to use ReHo and ALFF to explore gender differences in brain function images in MDD. METHODS Eighty first-episode drug-naive patients (47 women and 30 men) with MDD and 85 age, education matched healthy volunteers (47 women and 31 men) were recruited in our study and participated in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. ReHo and ALFF were used to assess brain activity, two-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis was conducted to explore the sex difference in MDD. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between abnormal brain functioning and clinical symptoms. RESULTS We observed sex-specific patterns and diagnostic differences in MDD Patients, further post hoc comparisons indicated that women with MDD showed decreased ALFF value in the right superior occipital gyrus and decreased ReHo value in the left calcarine and left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus compared with HC females and men with MDD. Men with MDD showed decreased ReHo value in the right median cingulate gyrus compared with HC males and increased ReHo value in the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus compared with HC males, we also found that HC males showed higher ReHo value in the right median cingulate gyrus than HC females. CONCLUSIONS Men and women do have sex differences in brain function, the occipital lobe, calcarine, DLPFC, and DCG were the main different brain regions found between male and female in MDD, which may be the biomarker brain regions that can help diagnose and treat MDD in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingtao Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Miao D, Zhou X, Wu X, Chen C, Tian L. Distinct profiles of functional connectivity density aberrance in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1079149. [PMID: 36590612 PMCID: PMC9797864 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1079149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investigating the neuroimaging changes from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of great significance. However, the details about the distinct functional characteristics of AD and MCI remain unknown. METHODS In this study, we investigated distinct profiles of functional connectivity density (FCD) differences between AD and MCI compared with the normal population, aiming to depict the progressive brain changes from MCI to AD. As a data-driven method, FCD measures the profiles of FC for the given voxel at different scales. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images were obtained from patients with AD and MCI and matched healthy controls (HCs). One-way ANCOVA was used to investigate (global, long-range, and local) FCD differences among the three groups followed by post-hoc analysis controlling age, sex, and head motion. RESULTS The three groups exhibited significant global FCD differences in the superior frontal gyrus. The post-hoc results further showed that patients with AD had a significant increase in global FCD values than those with MCI and HCs. Patients with MCI exhibited an increased trend compared with HCs. We further identified brain regions contributing to the observed global FCD differences by conducting seed-based FC analysis. We also identified that the observed global FCD differences were the additive effects of altered FC between the superior frontal gyrus and the posterior default model network. DISCUSSION These results depicted the global information communication capability impairment in AD and MCI providing a new insight into the progressive brain changes from MCI to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Miao
- School of Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhou
- School of Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengdong Chen
- School of Economics and Management, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Le Tian
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China
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15
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Ji B, Dai M, Guo Z, Li J, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Liu X. Functional Connectivity Density in the Sensorimotor Area is Associated with Sleep Latency in Patients with Primary Insomnia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1-10. [PMID: 35035217 PMCID: PMC8755708 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s338489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear whether the patterns of functional connectivity density (FCD) differ between patients with primary insomnia (PI) and healthy subjects. In the present study, we investigated the features of FCD in patients with PI using resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI). METHODS rsfMRI datasets of 32 patients with PI and 34 healthy controls (HCs) were obtained using a 3-Tesla scanner. FCD analysis was performed to compare voxels with abnormal whole-brain functional connectivity with other voxels among patients with PI and HCs. Abnormal brain regions were then used as seed points for FC analysis. RESULTS Compared with HCs, patients with PI exhibited significantly decreased FCD in the left medial frontal gyrus and increased FCD in the left supplementary motor area (SMA). With the left medial frontal gyrus as the seed point, patients with PI showed decreased FC between the left medial frontal gyrus and the left fusiform gyrus compared with HCs. With the left SMA as the seed point, patients with PI exhibited increased FC between the left SMA and the right anterior cingulate gyrus. Correlation analysis revealed that the increased FCD values in the left SMA were positively correlated with sleep latency in patients with PI. CONCLUSION Default-mode network and SMA dysfunctions may be related to the pathophysiology of PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ji
- Department of Anesthesiologyand Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Radiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Guo
- The Sleep Medical Center of Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Department of Radiology of Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Cao
- Department of Radiology of Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- The Sleep Medical Center of Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Sleep Medical Center of Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozheng Liu
- Department of Radiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China
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Gupta S, Chan YH, Rajapakse JC. Obtaining leaner deep neural networks for decoding brain functional connectome in a single shot. Neurocomputing 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2020.04.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Guan M, Liu X, Guo L, Zhang R, Tan Q, Wang H, Wang H. Improved Pre-attentive Processing With Occipital rTMS Treatment in Major Depressive Disorder Patients Revealed by MMN. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:648816. [PMID: 34234657 PMCID: PMC8256852 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.648816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the improvement effect of occipital repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with escitalopram oxalate tablets on pre-attentive processing in patients with first-episode, medication-naive depression. METHODS Patients who were hospitalized between January and December 2019 were selected. They were randomly allocated to real occipital rTMS stimulation group with 27 cases receiving intermittent theta-burst (iTBS) and sham stimulation group with 24 cases over 20 days. The rTMS treatment target is located at the Oz point of the occipital region. Both groups took escitalopram oxalate tablets, and the average daily drug dose was 15.294 ± 5.041 mg. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) was used to assess the symptoms of depression before and after treatment, and mismatch negativity (MMN) was used to assess the improvement of pre-attentive processing before and after treatment. RESULTS After 20 days of treatment, the total score of HAMD (13.495 ± 3.700) in both groups was significantly lower than that before treatment [21.910 ± 3.841, F(1, 49) = 46, 3.690, p < 0.001]. After treatment, the latency of MMN in the real stimulation group (182.204 ± 31.878 ms) was significantly lower than that in the sham stimulation group (219.896 ± 42.634 ms, p < 0.001), and the amplitude of MMN in the real stimulation group (-7.107 ± 3.374 ms) was significantly higher than that in the sham stimulation group (-2.773 ± 3.7 32 ms, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Occipital rTMS treatment can enhance the early therapeutic effect and effectively improve the pre-attentive processing of patients with depression and provide a scientific basis for the new target of rTMS therapy in clinical patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzhen Guan
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Mental Health, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- School of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruiguo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qingrong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huaihai Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi’an Union Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Common and distinct global functional connectivity density alterations in patients with bipolar disorder with and without auditory verbal hallucination during major depressive episodes. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:2724-2730. [PMID: 31900890 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although an increasing number of studies has explored the neural mechanisms of auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) using many modalities, including neuroimaging, neurotransmitters, and electroencephalography, the etiology of AVH remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the neuroimaging characteristics of AVH in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) experiencing depressive episodes with and without AVH. For this study, we recruited 80 patients with BD and depressive status (40 with and 40 without AVH), and 40 healthy individuals. Their global functional connectivity density (gFCD) was screened by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Differences in gFCD among the three groups were tested using voxel-wise one-way analysis of covariance. Patients in both BD groups demonstrated increased gFCD in the central parietal lobe, insular lobe, and middle cingulate cortex, and decreased gFCD in the posterior parietal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, and occipital lobe (all bilateral). We defined these alterations as the common aberrant gFCD pattern for BD with and without AVH. Compared with the other two groups, patients in the BD with AVH group demonstrated increased gFCD in the Broca and Wernicke regions, and decreased gFCD in the hippocampus (all bilateral). We defined these alterations as the distinct aberrant gFCD pattern for BD with AVH. To our knowledge, this report is the first to date to describe gFCD alterations in patients with BD with and without AVH. Our findings suggest that disturbances in brain activity and information communication capacity in patients with BD and AVH are located mainly in the left frontoparietal network, control network, and memory circuit. However, these observations were made only in patients with BD during depressive episodes, and without consideration of many factors, such as the treatment mode, symptom relapse, and BD subtype. Hence, the conclusions of this study merely provide clues for further study, and do not fully represent brain alterations in patients with BD and AVH. Further large-sample cohort studies are needed to clarify and expand on these findings.
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Common and distinct brain functional alterations in pharmacotherapy treatment-naïve female borderline personality disorder patients with and without auditory verbal hallucinations: a pilot study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1149-1157. [PMID: 32009225 PMCID: PMC8354887 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are experienced by approximately 25% of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Despite the high incidence, the pathological features of AVH in BPD remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whole-brain functional connectivity (FC), as measured by functional connectivity density (FCD), and its relationship with AVH in BPD. 65 pharmacotherapy treatment-naïve female BPD patients (30 with AVH and 35 without AVH), and 35 female healthy controls were investigated. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected to assess whole-brain FC and functional connectivity density mapping (FCDM) was applied to the fMRI data to compute FCD features. Compared to the healthy controls, both BPD groups (BPD-AVH and BPD without AVH) exhibited significantly higher gFCD values in the bilateral prefrontal lobe, bilateral orbital lobule, and bilateral insula, and significantly lower gFCD values in the SMA, right anterior temporal lobule, and the ACC. These altered regions were significantly associated with AVH in the BPD subjects. Moreover, higher gFCD values were observed in the left posterior temporal lobule and posterior frontal lobule. Aberrant alterations also emerged in the left posterior temporal lobule and posterior frontal lobule, mainly in Broca and Wernicke regions. Nevertheless, there was no significant correlation between gFCD values and the severity of AVH as measured by the AVH scores. In summary, we have identified aberrations in the FC and brain metabolism of the aforementioned neural circuits/networks, which may provide new insights into BPD-AVH and facilitate the development of therapeutic approaches for treating AVH in BPD patients.
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Aberrant Advanced Cognitive and Attention-Related Brain Networks in Parkinson's Disease with Freezing of Gait. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8891458. [PMID: 33101404 PMCID: PMC7568140 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8891458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling gait disorder influencing patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulating evidence suggests that FOG is related to the functional alterations within brain networks. We investigated the changes in brain resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in patients with PD with FOG (FOG+) and without FOG (FOG-). Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) data were collected from 55 PD patients (25 FOG+ and 30 FOG-) and 26 matched healthy controls (HC). Differences in intranetwork connectivity between FOG+, FOG-, and HC individuals were explored using independent component analysis (ICA). Results Seven resting-state networks (RSNs) with abnormalities, including motor, executive, and cognitive-related networks, were found in PD patients compared to HC. Compared to FOG- patients, FOG+ patients had increased FC in advanced cognitive and attention-related networks. In addition, the FC values of the auditory network and default mode network were positively correlated with the Gait and Falls Questionnaire (GFQ) and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ) scores in FOG+ patients. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the neural basis of PD is associated with impairments of multiple functional networks. Notably, alterations of advanced cognitive and attention-related networks rather than motor networks may be related to the mechanism of FOG.
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Yang C, Luo N, Liang M, Zhou S, Yu Q, Zhang J, Zhang M, Guo J, Wang H, Yu J, Cui Q, Chen H, Gao Q. Altered Brain Functional Connectivity Density in Fast-Ball Sports Athletes With Early Stage of Motor Training. Front Psychol 2020; 11:530122. [PMID: 33101115 PMCID: PMC7546905 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.530122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain shows neuroplastic adaptations caused by motor skill training. Of note, there is little known about the plastic architecture of the whole-brain network in resting state. The purpose of the present study was to detect how motor training affected the density distribution of whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (FC). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data was assessed based on a comparison of fast-ball student athletes (SA) and non-athlete healthy controls (NC). The voxel-wise data-driven graph theory approach, global functional connectivity density (gFCD) mapping, was applied. Results showed that the SA group exhibited significantly decreased gFCD in brain regions centered at the left triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), extending to the opercular part of the left IFG and middle frontal gyrus compared to the NC group. In addition, findings suggested the idea of an increased neural efficiency of athletes’ brain regions associated with attentional–motor modulation and executive control. Furthermore, behavioral results showed that in the SA group, faster executive control reaction time relates to smaller gFCD values in the left IFG. These findings suggested that the motor training would decrease the numbers of FC in IFG to accelerate the executive control with high attentional demands and enable SA to rapidly focus the attention to detect the intriguing target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Yang
- The Third Department of Physical Education and Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Luo
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Minfeng Liang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Sihong Zhou
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mu Zhang
- Information Technology Center, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingpu Guo
- The Third Department of Physical Education and Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Wang
- The Third Department of Physical Education and Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Gao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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22
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Zheng A, Yu R, Du W, Liu H, Zhang Z, Xu Z, Xiang Y, Du L. Two-week rTMS-induced neuroimaging changes measured with fMRI in depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 270:15-21. [PMID: 32275215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the neuroimaging mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Twenty-seven treatment-naive patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 27 controls were enrolled. All of them were scanned with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at baseline, and 15 patients were rescanned after two-week rTMS. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and functional connection degree (FCD), based on voxels and 3 brain networks (default mode network [DMN], central executive network [CEN], salience network[SN]),were used as imaging indicators to analyze. The correlations of brain imaging changes after rTMS with clinical efficacy were calculated. RESULTS At baseline, patients groups showed increased ALFF in the right orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and decreased ALFF in the left striatal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), while increased FCD in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and OFC and decreased FCD in the right inferior parietal lobe and in the CEN. After rTMS, patients showed increased ALFF in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)and superior frontal gyrus, FCD in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal gyrus and CEN, as well as decreased FCD in the bilateral lingual gyrus than pre-rTMS . These rTMS induced neuroimaging changes did not significantly correlated with clinical effecacy. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that rTMS resulted in changes of ALFF and FCD in some brain regions and CEN. But we could not conclude this is the neuroimaging mechanism of rTMS according to the correlation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhai Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Wanyi Du
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yisijia Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lian Du
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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23
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Zhuo C, Ji F, Lin X, Tian H, Wang L, Xu Y, Wang W, Jiang D. Global functional connectivity density alterations in patients with bipolar disorder with auditory verbal hallucinations and modest short-term effects of transcranial direct current stimulation augmentation treatment-Baseline and follow-up study. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01637. [PMID: 32304288 PMCID: PMC7303392 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the neuroimaging characteristics of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) in patients with bipolar disorder (BP) experiencing depressive episodes with and without AVHs, and alterations in those characteristics after transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). METHODS For a baseline pilot study, we recruited 80 patients with BP and depressive status (40 with and 40 without AVHs), and 40 healthy controls (HCs). Their global functional connectivity density (gFCD) was screened by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Voxel-wise one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to detect intergroup differences in gFCD. In a follow-up study, the effects of 5 weeks of tDCS augmentation treatment on clinical symptoms and gFCD were assessed in the 40 BP patients with AVHs. RESULTS Compared to HCs, BP patients with and without AVHs exhibited increased gFCD in the central parietal lobe, insular lobe, and middle cingulate cortex, with decreased gFCD in the posterior parietal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, and occipital lobe (all bilateral). Only patients with AVHs showed increased gFCD in the Broca and Wernicke regions, and decreased gFCD in the hippocampus (all bilateral). After 5 weeks of tDCS, AVHs were slightly alleviated and gFCD abnormalities in the hippocampus were mildly attenuated. CONCLUSIONS Patients with BP and AVHs showed disturbances in the brain's communication capacity mainly in the left frontoparietal network, control network, and memory circuitry. Five weeks of tDCS alleviated AVHs slightly, without improving depressive symptoms, and attenuated hippocampal gFCD alterations in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China.,Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics-Comorbidity Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Co-collaboration Laboratory of China and Canada, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital and University of Alberta, Xiamen, China
| | - Feng Ji
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics-Comorbidity Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics-Comorbidity Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Co-collaboration Laboratory of China and Canada, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital and University of Alberta, Xiamen, China
| | - Deguo Jiang
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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24
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Differences in functional connectivity density among subtypes of schizophrenic auditory hallucination. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:2587-2593. [PMID: 31938985 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate alterations in brain function among different subtypes of auditory hallucinations (AH) in drug-naïve first episode schizophrenia patients. We recruited 20 patients with drug-naïve first episode schizophrenia who had constant commanding and commenting auditory verbal hallucinations (CCCAVH), 15 drug-naïve first episode schizophrenia patients who had nonverbal auditory hallucinations (NVAH), and 20 healthy controls to participate in this study. We used global functional connectivity density (gFCD) and one-way analysis of covariance to characterize differences in brain function between the two patient groups. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. As compared to controls, schizophrenia patients with CCCAVH demonstrated increased gFCD in the right Broca's area, bilateral superior temporal gyri, hippocampus, bilateral insula, and anterior cingulate gyri, and decreased gFCD in the left temporoparietal junction (family-wise error [FEW] correct, P < 0.05). Schizophrenia patients with NVAH demonstrated increased gFCD in the bilateral superior temporal gyri and most of the components of the default mode network (DMN), and decreased gFCD in components of the executive control network (FWE correct, P < 0.05). We found that schizophrenia patients with CCCAVH and NVAH have distinct functional brain patterns. The features observed in patients with CCCAVH are consistent with the "inner speech" hypothesis of AH. Features of patients with NVAH suggest hyperactivity of the superior temporal gyrus and DMN, and hypoactivity of the prefrontal lobe.
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25
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Zhuo C, Zhou C, Lin X, Tian H, Wang L, Chen C, Ji F, Xu Y, Jian D. Common and distinct global functional connectivity density alterations in drug-naïve patients with first-episode major depressive disorder with and without auditory verbal hallucination. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 96:109738. [PMID: 31442554 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Auditory verbal hallucination (AVH), defined as the auditory perception of speech in the absence of a real external stimulus, occurs in individuals with and without mental illness. The distribution of functional abnormalities in patients with AVH suggests aberrant brain network connectivity. However, no study has measured the global functional connectivity density (gFCD) associated with AVH in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD); gFCD is used widely to examine the density distribution of whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity and can serve as an index reflecting brain metabolism disturbance. In this study, we involved drug-naïve patients with first-episode MDD with (n = 35) and without (n = 40) AVH and healthy controls (n = 50).Whole-brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired and gFCD was calculated and compared among groups. We found the following gFCD alterations that were shared by both MDD groups: (1) decreased gFCD in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, insular cortices and occipital lobe; and (2) increased gFCD in the left middle cingulate cortex. More importantly, we found AVH-specific gFCD changes in patients with MDD: increased gFCD in the left Wernicke's brain regions and bilateral hippocampus and thalamus, and decreased gFCD in the bilateral lateral prefrontal lobule. These findings reflect the disturbance of brain information communication and metabolism in patients with MDD and AVH, related mainly to the language and memory processing circuits, and to some extent provide further support for the "VOICE" model of AVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining University, Jining, Shandong Province 272191, China; Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China; Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, China, Tianjin 300222, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050000, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, China, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, China, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Ce Chen
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining University, Jining, Shandong Province 272191, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep Disorders, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Deguo Jian
- Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China
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26
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Shan P, Zhuo C, Ma X, Sang H, Zhong B, Lin X, Ji F, Chen M, Tian H, Zhao Y, Pan J. Treatment of auditory verbal hallucinations with atypical antipsychotics in healthy individuals: an artificially controlled post-treatment report. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519875830. [PMID: 31891287 PMCID: PMC7607740 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519875830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate the effects and associated global functional connectivity density (gFCD) alterations associated with the use of atypical antipsychotics in healthy individuals with auditory verbal hallucinations (Hi-AVHs) using gFCD mapping techniques. METHODS A magnetic resonance imaging database of 38 Hi-AVHs with chronic or severe AVH symptoms was generated. The Hi-AVHs were administered an atypical antipsychotic (risperidone) for 24 weeks and monitored for a treatment response. All patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS gFCD alterations were found in the auditory-memory-language and visual circuit regions pre- and post-treatment. However, gFCD alterations differed between patients with strong and weak treatment responses. CONCLUSION This is the first report to show that atypical antipsychotics can improve the symptoms of AVHs and that the treatment effects are associated with gFCD alterations in the auditory-memory-language circuit. These findings provide a foundation for future exploration of new treatment strategies for Hi-AVHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Shan
- Labortorary of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory (PNG-Lab), Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Labortorary of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory (PNG-Lab), Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Comorbidity Lab (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Comorbidity Lab (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Sang
- Department of Psychiatry, Changchun Sixth Hospital, Chuangchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Baoliang Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology Science and Education Department, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Labortorary of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory (PNG-Lab), Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Comorbidity Lab (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianshe Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- Jianshe Pan, Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China. Chuanjun Zhuo, Labortorary of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics, Laboratory (PNG-Lab), Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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27
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Shi Y, Tong C, Zhang M, Gao X. Altered functional connectivity density in the brains of hemodialysis end-stage renal disease patients: An in vivo resting-state functional MRI study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227123. [PMID: 31891646 PMCID: PMC6938298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients usually suffer from a high prevalence of central nervous system abnormalities, including cognitive impairment and emotional disorders, which severely influence their quality of life. There have been many neuroimaging research developments in ESRD patients with brain function abnormalities; however, the dysfunction of the salience network (SN) of them has received little attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of global functional connectivity density (gFCD) in brains of ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (re-fMRI). Methods re-fMRI data were collected from 30 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis (14 men, 38.33±7.44 years old) and 30 matched healthy controls (13 men, 39.17±5.7 years old). Neuropsychological tests including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to evaluate the neurocognitive and psychiatric conditions of the subjects. Blood biochemistry tests, including hemoglobin level, serum albumin level, blood urea level, serum phosphate, serum calcium, and parathyroid hormone level, and dialysis-related indicators, including blood pressure fluctuations in dialysis, single-pool Kt/V(spKt/V), and ultrafiltration volume of dialysis were obtained from the ESRD patients. A two-sample t-test was used to examine the group differences in gFCD between ESRD patients and healthy controls after controlling for age, gender and education. Results Compared with healthy controls, ESRD patients exhibited a significantly increased gFCD in the salience network, including the bilateral insula, and dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (dACC), and there was no significant correlation between gFCD and the structural mean grey matter volume in patients for every cluster in the brain regions showing significant different gFCD between the two groups. Furthermore, there were significant negative correlations between the degree of connectivity in the right insula and spKt/V. Conclusion Our findings revealed abnormal intrinsic dysconnectivity pattern of salience network-related regions in ESRD patients from the whole brain network perspective. The negative correlation between the right insula and spKt/V suggested that increased fractional removal of urea may reduce the pathological activity in the insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaoyang Tong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Center for Lab Teaching and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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28
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von Düring F, Ristow I, Li M, Denzel D, Colic L, Demenescu LR, Li S, Borchardt V, Liebe T, Vogel M, Walter M. Glutamate in Salience Network Predicts BOLD Response in Default Mode Network During Salience Processing. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:232. [PMID: 31632250 PMCID: PMC6783560 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain investigations identified salience network (SN) comprising the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) and the Anterior Insula (AI). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies revealed the link between the glutamate concentration in the ACC and alterations in attentional scope. Hence, we investigated whether glutamate concentration in the dACC modulates brain response during salience processing. Methods Twenty-seven healthy subjects (12♀, 15♁) provided both STEAM MRS at 7T measuring glutamate concentrations in the dACC as well as a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task to study the influence on content-related salience processing and expectedness. Salience was modulated for both sexual and non-sexual emotional photos in either expected or unexpected situations. Correlation between MRS and task fMRI was investigated by performing regression analyses controlling for age, gender, and gray matter partial volume. Results/Conclusion During picture processing, the extent of deactivation in the Posterior Cingulate Cortex (PCC) was attenuated by two different salience attributions: sexual content and unexpectedness of emotional content. Our results indicate that stimulus inherent salience induces an attenuation of the deactivation in PCC, which is in turn balanced by higher level of glutamate in the dACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia von Düring
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Inka Ristow
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Meng Li
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Denzel
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lejla Colic
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Liliana Ramona Demenescu
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Shijia Li
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Viola Borchardt
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Liebe
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Vogel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Increased inflammation and brain glutamate define a subtype of depression with decreased regional homogeneity, impaired network integrity, and anhedonia. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:189. [PMID: 30202011 PMCID: PMC6131242 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined increases in peripheral inflammation and brain glutamate may identify a subtype of depression with distinct neuroimaging signatures. Two contrasting subgroups of depressed subjects-with and without combined elevations in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and basal ganglia glutamate (high and low CRP-Glu, respectively) were identified by hierarchical clustering using plasma CRP (indexing peripheral inflammation) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-based measurement of left basal ganglia glutamate. High CRP-Glu group status was associated with greater severity of anhedonia and cognitive and motor slowing. Local- and network-level measures of functional integrity were determined using brain oxygen level-dependent (BOLD)-oscillatory activity and graph theory. Greater decreases in concordance of oscillatory activity between neighboring voxels (Regional Homogeneity 'ReHo', p < 0.01) within the MRS volume-of-interest was associated with the High CRP-Glu subgroup. Using brain-wide, CRP-Glu ReHo contrast maps, a covariance network of 41 regions-of-interest (ROIs) with similar ReHo decreases was identified in the High CRP-Glu group and was located to brain structures previously implicated in depression. The 41-ROI network was further decomposed into four subnetworks. ReHo decreases within Subnetwork4-comprised of reward processing regions -was associated with anhedonia. Subnetwork4 ReHo also predicted decreased network integrity, which mediated the link between local ReHo and anhedonia in the Low but not High CRP-Glu group. These findings suggest that decreased ReHo and related disruptions in network integrity may reflect toxic effects of inflammation-induced increases in extrasynaptic glutamate signaling. Moreover, local BOLD oscillatory activity as reflected in ReHo might be a useful measure of target-engagement in the brain for treatment of inflammation-induced behaviors.
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Association between catechol-O-methyltransferase genetic variation and functional connectivity in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 199:214-220. [PMID: 29730044 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in cognitive performance and regulates by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) expression. To clarify the effect of COMT genotype on cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia, we performed DNA genotyping, cognitive evaluations, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and matched healthy control subjects. We found that all cognitive domains were impaired in patients with FES compared with healthy subjects. Moreover, COMT genotype influenced the verbal learning performance in healthy subjects, but not in patients with FES. Resting-state fMRI data revealed that patients with FES exhibited higher functional connectivity degree centrality in the medial PFC and lower degree centrality in the parietal-occipital junction than healthy subjects. Furthermore, patients with FES who were COMT Met allele carriers had higher degree centrality in the medial PFC than those with the Val/Val genotype. In contrast, in healthy controls, Met allele carriers exhibited higher degree centrality than healthy controls with the Val/Val genotype in the left hippocampus and left amygdala. There was a negative correlation between the degree centrality value in medial PFC and score of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) in FES patients with the Met allele. Our findings suggest that COMT genotype differentially influences pathways related to cognitive performance in patients with FES versus healthy individuals, providing an important insight into schizophrenia pathophysiology.
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Zhuo C, Zhu J, Wang C, Qu H, Ma X, Qin W. Different spatial patterns of brain atrophy and global functional connectivity impairments in major depressive disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1678-1689. [PMID: 27766588 PMCID: PMC5707231 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in grey matter structure and functional connectivity (FC) are pathological features of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relationship between brain structural and functional impairments in MDD remains uncertain. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between alterations in grey matter volume (GMV) and resting-state global functional connectivity density (rs-gFCD) in MDD. Forty-five patients with MDD and 48 healthy controls underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). GMV and rs-gFCD maps of each subject were created, and the intergroup differences in these neuroimaging metrics were evaluated. Compared to healthy controls, patients with MDD displayed reduced GMV in the left insula, putamen, amygdala and hippocampus (mainly in the limbic system). In contrast, decreased rs-gFCD was observed in the left postcentral and precentral gyri, right fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus (mainly in the sensory system). Furthermore, we found no significant correlations between GMV and rs-gFCD in these brain regions. Finally, overlap ratio analysis demonstrated that the spatial distribution patterns of intergroup differences on the GMV and rs-gFCD maps were distinct. Our findings suggest that the presence of distinct spatial distribution patterns of brain atrophy and global FC impairments might be pathological features of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Department of Psychiatry Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou seventh people's hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Department of Psychiatry Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongru Qu
- Department of Psychiatry Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Ma
- Department of Psychiatry Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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32
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Huang H, Jiang Y, Xia M, Tang Y, Zhang T, Cui H, Wang J, Li Y, Xu L, Curtin A, Sheng J, Jia Y, Yao D, Li C, Luo C, Wang J. Increased resting-state global functional connectivity density of default mode network in schizophrenia subjects treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:192-199. [PMID: 29117910 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) has been widely applied to help treat schizophrenia patients who are treatment-resistant to pharmaceutical therapy. Although the technique is increasingly prevalent, the underlying neural mechanisms have not been well clarified. We conducted a longitudinal study to investigate the alteration of global functional connectivity density (gFCD) in schizophrenia patients undergoing MECT using resting state fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging). Two groups of schizophrenia inpatients were recruited. One group received a four-week MECT together with antipsychotic drugs (ECT+Drug, n=21); the other group only received antipsychotic drugs (Drug, n=21). Both groups were compared to a sample of healthy controls (HC, n=23). fMRI scans were obtained from the schizophrenia patients twice at baseline (t1) and after 4-week treatment (t2), and from healthy controls at baseline. gFCD was computed using resting state fMRI. Repeated ANCOVA showed a significant interaction effect of group×time in the schizophrenia patients in left precuneus (Pcu), ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC), and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC) (GRF-corrected P<0.05), which are mainly located within the default mode network (DMN). Post-hoc analysis revealed that compared with baseline (t1), an increased gFCD was found in the ECT+Drug group in the dMPFC (t=3.87, p=0.00095), vMPFC (t=3.95, p=0.00079) and left Pcu (t=3.33, p=0.0034), but no significant effect was identified in the Drug group. The results suggested that increased global functional connectivity density within the DMN might be one important neural mechanism of MECT in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Mengqing Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huiru Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Adrian Curtin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Med-X Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200300, China
| | - Jianhua Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Altered Intrinsic Coupling between Functional Connectivity Density and Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in Mild Cognitive Impairment with Depressive Symptoms. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:1672708. [PMID: 30002672 PMCID: PMC5996451 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1672708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that major depressive disorder increases the risk of dementia in older individuals with mild cognitive impairment. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the intrinsic coupling patterns between the amplitude and synchronisation of low-frequency brain fluctuations using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and the functional connectivity density (FCD) in 16 patients who had mild cognitive impairment with depressive symptoms (D-MCI) (mean age: 69.6 ± 6.2 years) and 18 patients with nondepressed mild cognitive impairment (nD-MCI) (mean age: 72.1 ± 9.7 years). Coupling was quantified as the correlations between the ALFF values and their associated FCDs. The results showed that the ALFF values in the D-MCI group were higher in the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and lower in the right precentral gyrus (preCG), and the FCD values were higher in the left medial temporal gyrus (MTG) than those in the nD-MCI group. Further, correlation analyses demonstrated that, in the D-MCI group, the mPFC was negatively correlated with the MTG. These findings may relate to the characteristics of mood disorders in patients with MCI, and they offer further insight into the neuropathophysiology of MCI with depressive symptoms.
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Zheng KZ, Wang HN, Liu J, Xi YB, Li L, Zhang X, Li JM, Yin H, Tan QR, Lu HB, Li BJ. Incapacity to control emotion in major depression may arise from disrupted white matter integrity and OFC-amygdala inhibition. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1053-1062. [PMID: 29368421 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in emotion regulation are the hallmarks of major depressive disorder (MDD). The incapacity to control negative emotion in patients has been associated with abnormal hyperactivation of the limbic system and hypoactivation of the frontal cortex. The amygdala and orbital frontal cortex (OFC) are two critical regions of the emotion regulation neural systems. METHODS This study investigated the anatomical basis of abnormal emotion regulation by tracking the fiber tracts connecting the amygdala and OFC. In addition, using dynamic casual modeling on resting-state fMRI data of 20 MDD patients and equivalent controls, we investigated the exact neural mechanism through which abnormal communications between these two nodes were mediated in MDD. KEY RESULTS The results revealed disrupted white matter integrity of fiber tracts in MDD, suggesting that functional abnormalities were accompanied by underlying anatomical basis. We also detected a failure of inhibition of the OFC on the activity of the amygdala in MDD, suggesting dysconnectivity was mediated through "top-down" influences from the frontal cortex to the amygdala. Following 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment, the patients showed significant clinical improvement and normalization of the abnormal OFC-amygdala structural and effective connectivity in the left hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our findings suggest that pathways connecting these two nodes may be core targets of the antidepressant treatment. In particular, it raised the intriguing question: Does the reversal of structural markers of connectivity reflect a response to antidepressant medication or activity-dependent myelination following a therapeutic restoration of effective connectivity?
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Zhong Zheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua-Ning Wang
- Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Network Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Bin Xi
- Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Ming Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing-Rong Tan
- Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Bing Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bao-Juan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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35
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Tu Z, Jia YY, Wang T, Qu H, Pan JX, Jie J, Xu XY, Wang HY, Xie P. Modulatory interactions of resting-state brain functional connectivity in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:2461-2472. [PMID: 30319258 PMCID: PMC6167995 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s165295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is mediated by chronic dysregulation of complex neural circuits, particularly the specific neurotransmitters or other neural substrates. Recently, both increases and decreases in resting-state functional connectivity have been observed in patients with MDD. However, previous research has only assessed the functional connectivity within a specific network or some regions of interests, without considering the modulatory effects of the entire brain regions. To fill in the research gap, this study employed PPI (physiophysiological interaction) to investigate the functional connectivity in the entire brain regions. Apart from the traditional PPI used for cognitive research, current PPI analysis is more suitable for exploring the neural mechanism in MDD patients. Besides, this PPI method does not require a new cognitive estimation task and can assess the modulatory effects on different part of brain without prior setting of regions of interest. METHODS First, we recruited 76 outpatients with major depressive disorder, and conducted MRI scan to acquire structural and functional images. As referred to the previous study of resting-state networks, we identified eight well-defined intrinsic resting-state networks by using independent component analysis. Subsequently, we explored the regions that exhibited synchronous modulatory interactions within the network by executing PPI analysis. RESULTS Our findings indicated that the modulatory effects between healthy crowed and patient are different. By using PPI analysis in neuroimaging can help us to understand the mechanisms of neural disruptions in MDD patients. In addition, this study provides new insight into the complicated relationships between three or more regions of brain, as well as different brain networks functions in external and internal. CONCLUSION Furthermore, the functional connectivity may deepen our knowledge regarding the complex brain functions in MDD patients and suggest a new multimodality treatment for MDD including targeted therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Tu
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Jia
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,The College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Hang Qu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Jun Xi Pan
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Jie Jie
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Xiao Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Hai Yang Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
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36
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Zhu J, Lin X, Lin C, Zhuo C. Distance-dependent alterations in local functional connectivity in drug-naive major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 270:80-85. [PMID: 29107212 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have found abnormal functional connectivity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Yet, effect of distance thresholds on local functional connectivity changes in MDD is largely unknown. Here, we used resting-state fMRI data and functional connectivity strength (FCS) method to test local functional connectivity differences at different distance thresholds between 47 drug-naive patients with MDD and 47 healthy controls. For the distribution of functional brain hubs with high local FCS, the overall changing trend from distance thresholds of 10mm to 100mm was from lateral to medial. Compared to controls, MDD patients exhibited decreased local FCS independent of distance threshold in the sensorimotor system (postcentral gyrus, paracentral lobule, and supplementary motor area). MDD Patients exhibited increased local FCS in the inferior temporal gyrus at two lower distance thresholds (20mm and 30mm) and a higher distance threshold (100mm). In addition, MDD patients showed increased local FCS in the putamen at higher distance thresholds (80-100mm). These findings suggest that local functional connectivity abnormalities in MDD are dependent on distance thresholds and that future studies should take the distance thresholds into account when measuring local functional connectivity in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chongguang Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China.
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37
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Shi Y, Zeng Y, Wu L, Liu Z, Zhang S, Yang J, Wu W. A Study of the Brain Functional Network of Post-Stroke Depression in Three Different Lesion Locations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14795. [PMID: 29093543 PMCID: PMC5665859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the mechanism of post stroke depression (PSD) is the key way to improve the treatment of PSD. However, the functional brain network of PSD has not been entirely supported by the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. The aims of this study are to investigate the brain response of PSD in three different lesions. The brain responses of the three PSD subgroups were similar. However, each subgroup had its own characteristics of the brain network. In the temporal lobe subgroup, the right thalamus had increased degree centrality (DC) values which were different from the other two subgroups. In the frontal lobe subgroup, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate, and postcentral gyrus had increased DC values which were different from the other two subgroups. The hemodynamic response of PSD indicates that PSD has activities of similar emotional networks, of which the negative network realizes its function through the limbic system and default mode network. The brain network has unique characteristics for different lesion locations. The neurological function of the lesion location, the compensatory mechanism of the brain, and the mechanism of integrity and locality of the brain are the important factors in the individual emotional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Ziping Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
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Differential effects of antidepressant treatment on long-range and short-range functional connectivity strength in patients with major depressive disorder. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10214. [PMID: 28860564 PMCID: PMC5578968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTARCT Although we have some basic understanding of the neurochemical mechanisms of the antidepressants, the network-level effect of antidepressant treatment is still not fully understood. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of antidepressant on functional brain networks of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). We performed resting-state fMRI scans on 20 first-episode drug-naive MDD patients at baseline and after escitalopram medication for 8 weeks. Twenty healthy controls also received MRI scans with an 8-week interval. The graph theory indices, long- and short-range functional connectivity strength (FCS), were computed to characterize the brain connectivity. The analysis of covariance was conducted on FCS maps of patients and controls to obtain the interaction effect of group and time, which indicate treatment-related effect. Following treatment, increased long-range FCS in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus and right thalamus in MDD patients at baseline were reduced. Meanwhile, increased short-range FCS in the bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex and left amygdala in patients were reduced, while reduced short-range FCS in the right parahippocampal gyrus was increased. Results suggest that the brain regions associated with negative emotional processing and regulation, and self-referential function could be modulated by escitalopram treatment; long- and short-range FCS are differentially affected by antidepressant.
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39
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Tomasi DG, Shokri-Kojori E, Volkow ND. Temporal Evolution of Brain Functional Connectivity Metrics: Could 7 Min of Rest be Enough? Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:4153-4165. [PMID: 27522070 PMCID: PMC6059168 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Unaccounted temporal dynamics of resting-state functional connectivity (FC) metrics challenges their potential as biomarkers for clinical applications in neuroscience. Here we studied the scan time required to reach stable values for various FC metrics including seed-voxel correlations and spatial independent component analyses (sICA), and for the local functional connectivity density (lFCD), a graph theory metric. By increasing the number of time points included in the analysis, we assessed the effects of scan time on convergence of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and reliability of these FC metrics. The necessary scan time to attenuate the effects of the temporal dynamics by 80% varied across connectivity metrics and was shorter for lFCD (7 min) than for FC (11 min) or for sICA (10 min). Findings suggest that the scan time required to achieve stable FC is metric-dependent, with lFCD being the most resilient metric to the effects of temporal dynamics. Thus, the lFCD metric could be particularly useful for pediatric and patient populations who may not tolerate long scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo G. Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-1013, USA
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-1013, USA
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-1013, USA
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892-9561, USA
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40
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Kong XM, Xu SX, Sun Y, Wang KY, Wang C, Zhang J, Xia JX, Zhang L, Tan BJ, Xie XH. Electroconvulsive therapy changes the regional resting state function measured by regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in elderly major depressive disorder patients: An exploratory study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 264:13-21. [PMID: 28412557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective and rapid treatment for severe major depressive disorder (MDD) in elderly patients. The mechanism of ECT is unclear, and studies on ECT in elderly MDD patients by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging are rare. Thirteen elderly MDD patients were scanned before and after ECT using a 3.0T MRI scanner. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) were processed to compare resting-state function before and after treatment. Depression and anxiety symptoms of all patients abated after ECT. Decreased ReHo values in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG) were observed after ECT, and the values of right SFG significantly correlated with an altered Hamilton depression rating scale score. Increased ALFF values in the left middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, orbital part, and decreased ALFF values in the left midcingulate area, left precentral gyrus, right SFG/middle frontal gyrus after ECT were also observed. These results support the hypothesis that ECT may affect the regional resting state brain function in geriatric MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Kong
- Department of psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Shu-Xian Xu
- Department of psychiatry, Huizhou 2nd Municipal Hospital, Huizhou, China; Department of psychiatry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ke-Yong Wang
- Department of psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China; Department of psychiatry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of magnetic resonance imaging, Hefei 2nd Municipal Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Xia
- Department of magnetic resonance imaging, Hefei 2nd Municipal Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Bo-Jian Tan
- Department of psychiatry, Huizhou 2nd Municipal Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Xin-Hui Xie
- Department of psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China; Department of psychiatry, Huizhou 2nd Municipal Hospital, Huizhou, China; Department of psychiatry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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41
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Gong L, He C, Yin Y, Ye Q, Bai F, Yuan Y, Zhang H, Lv L, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Xie C. Nonlinear modulation of interacting between COMT and depression on brain function. Eur Psychiatry 2017; 45:6-13. [PMID: 28728097 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is related to dopamine degradation and has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, how this gene affects brain function properties in MDD is still unclear. METHODS Fifty patients with MDD and 35 cognitively normal participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. A voxelwise and data-drive global functional connectivity density (gFCD) analysis was used to investigate the main effects and the interactions of disease states and COMT rs4680 gene polymorphism on brain function. RESULTS We found significant group differences of the gFCD in bilateral fusiform area (FFA), post-central and pre-central cortex, left superior temporal gyrus (STG), rectal and superior temporal gyrus and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC); abnormal gFCDs in left STG were positively correlated with severity of depression in MDD group. Significant disease×COMT interaction effects were found in the bilateral calcarine gyrus, right vlPFC, hippocampus and thalamus, and left SFG and FFA. Further post-hoc tests showed a nonlinear modulation effect of COMT on gFCD in the development of MDD. Interestingly, an inverted U-shaped modulation was found in the prefrontal cortex (control system) but U-shaped modulations were found in the hippocampus, thalamus and occipital cortex (processing system). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated nonlinear modulation of the interaction between COMT and depression on brain function. These findings expand our understanding of the COMT effect underlying the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, DingJiaQiao Road, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - C He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, DingJiaQiao Road, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Y Yin
- Department of Psychology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, China
| | - Q Ye
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, DingJiaQiao Road, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - F Bai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, DingJiaQiao Road, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, PR China; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Yuan
- Department of Psychology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, China; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, the Second Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002 Henan, China
| | - L Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, the Second Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002 Henan, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, the Second Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002 Henan, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, DingJiaQiao Road, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, PR China; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, China
| | - C Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, DingJiaQiao Road, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, PR China; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, China.
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42
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Li S, Demenescu LR, Sweeney-Reed CM, Krause AL, Metzger CD, Walter M. Novelty seeking and reward dependence-related large-scale brain networks functional connectivity variation during salience expectancy. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4064-4077. [PMID: 28513104 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A salience network (SN) anchored in the anterior insula (AI) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays a key role in switching between brain networks during salience detection and attention regulation. Previous fMRI studies have associated expectancy behaviors and SN activation with novelty seeking (NS) and reward dependence (RD) personality traits. To address the question of how functional connectivity (FC) in the SN is modulated by internal (expectancy-related) salience assignment and different personality traits, 68 healthy participants performed a salience expectancy task using functional magnetic resonance imaging, and psychophysiological interaction analysis (PPI) was conducted to determine salience-related connectivity changes during these anticipation periods. Correlation was then evaluated between PPI and personality traits, assessed using the temperament and character inventory of 32 male participants. During high salience expectancy, SN-seed regions showed reduced FC to visual areas and parts of the default mode network, but increased FC to the central executive network. With increasing NS, participants showed significantly increasing disconnection between right AI and middle cingulate cortex when expecting high-salience pictures as compared to low-salience pictures, while increased RD also predicted decreased right dACC and caudate FC for high salience expectancy. Our findings suggest a direct link between personality traits and internal salience processing mediated by differential network integration of the SN. SN activity and coordination may therefore be moderated by novelty seeking and reward dependency personality traits, which are associated with risk of addiction. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4064-4077, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department for Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Liliana Ramona Demenescu
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department for Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Catherine M Sweeney-Reed
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, University Clinic for Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Linda Krause
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department for Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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43
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Depression Disorder Classification of fMRI Data Using Sparse Low-Rank Functional Brain Network and Graph-Based Features. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3609821. [PMID: 28487746 PMCID: PMC5405576 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3609821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Study of functional brain network (FBN) based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has proved successful in depression disorder classification. One popular approach to construct FBN is Pearson correlation. However, it only captures pairwise relationship between brain regions, while it ignores the influence of other brain regions. Another common issue existing in many depression disorder classification methods is applying only single local feature extracted from constructed FBN. To address these issues, we develop a new method to classify fMRI data of patients with depression and healthy controls. First, we construct the FBN using a sparse low-rank model, which considers the relationship between two brain regions given all the other brain regions. Moreover, it can automatically remove weak relationship and retain the modular structure of FBN. Secondly, FBN are effectively measured by eight graph-based features from different aspects. Tested on fMRI data of 31 patients with depression and 29 healthy controls, our method achieves 95% accuracy, 96.77% sensitivity, and 93.10% specificity, which outperforms the Pearson correlation FBN and sparse FBN. In addition, the combination of graph-based features in our method further improves classification performance. Moreover, we explore the discriminative brain regions that contribute to depression disorder classification, which can help understand the pathogenesis of depression disorder.
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44
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Zhang F. Resting-State Functional Connectivity Abnormalities in Adolescent Depression. EBioMedicine 2017; 17:20-21. [PMID: 28284814 PMCID: PMC5360586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fengqing Zhang
- Drexel University, Department of Psychology, United States.
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45
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Zhang B, Wang J. Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Alters Dorsal Medial Prefrontal Cortex Response to Anticipation with Different Saliences. Brain Inform 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70772-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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46
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Zhang B, Li S, Zhuo C, Li M, Safron A, Genz A, Qin W, Yu C, Walter M. Altered task-specific deactivation in the default mode network depends on valence in patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2017; 207:377-383. [PMID: 27750155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric condition in which patients often have difficulties regulating their emotions. Prior studies have shown that attention bias towards negative emotion is linked to activation in regions of the default mode network (DMN) in MDD individuals. Furthermore, MDD patients showed increased resting-state functional connectivity (FC) between the medial prefrontal cortex and other DMN structures. METHODS Twenty-one MDD patients that currently experiencing depressive episodes and twenty-five healthy control participants performed the current emotional expectancy paradigm in a gradient-echo SENSE-SPIRAL fMRI. Whole brain and psycho-physiological interaction (PPI) analysis were applied to explore the task-related brain activity and FCs. RESULTS Relative to healthy participants, we found MDD patients had greater activity in dorsal medial prefrontal cortex as a function of positive vs. neutral expectancy conditions. PPI results revealed a significant group difference of MDD patients having relatively decreased task-dependent decoupling from dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) towards posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and parieto-occipital cortex during positive vs. neutral expectancy conditions, and patients exhibited a positive correlation between PPI (DMPFC and PCC) and anhedonia as measured via SHAPS during the same conditions. LIMITATIONS Modest sample size and lack of concurrent depressive episodes limit the generalizability of our findings. CONCLUSIONS In MDD patients, insufficient DMN decoupling might occur in response to positive expectancy conditions. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that high intrinsic DMN connectivity in MDD patients interfere with the down-regulation of intrinsic focus in order to incorporate information derived from external positive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijia Li
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Shanghai, China; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Anning Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Li
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Adam Safron
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Axel Genz
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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47
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Compensatory increase of functional connectivity density in adolescents with internet gaming disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:1901-1909. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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48
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Gao C, Wenhua L, Liu Y, Ruan X, Chen X, Liu L, Yu S, Chan RCK, Wei X, Jiang X. Decreased Subcortical and Increased Cortical Degree Centrality in a Nonclinical College Student Sample with Subclinical Depressive Symptoms: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:617. [PMID: 27994546 PMCID: PMC5136555 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal functional connectivity (FC) at rest has been identified in clinical depressive disorder. However, very few studies have been conducted to understand the underlying neural substrates of subclinical depression. The newly proposed centrality analysis approach has been increasingly used to explore the large-scale brain network of mental diseases. This study aimed to identify the degree centrality (DC) alteration of the brain network in subclinical depressive subjects. Thirty-seven candidates with subclinical depression and 34 well-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited from the same sample of college students. All subjects underwent a resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) scan to assess the DC of the whole brain. Compared with controls, subclinical depressive subjects displayed decreased DC in the right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), left PHG/amygdala, and left caudate and elevated DC in the right posterior parietal lobule (PPL), left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG). In addition, by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we determined that the DC values in the regions with altered FC between the two groups can be used to differentiate subclinical depressive subjects from HCs. We suggest that decreased DC in subcortical and increased DC in cortical regions might be the neural substrates of subclinical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Gao
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Wenhua
- Faculty of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhang Ruan
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaode Yu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science Shenzhen, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Wei
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinqing Jiang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, China
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49
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State and Training Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Brain Networks Reflect Neuronal Mechanisms of Its Antidepressant Effect. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:9504642. [PMID: 26998365 PMCID: PMC4779536 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9504642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The topic of investigating how mindfulness meditation training can have antidepressant effects via plastic changes in both resting state and meditation state brain activity is important in the rapidly emerging field of neuroplasticity. In the present study, we used a longitudinal design investigating resting state fMRI both before and after 40 days of meditation training in 13 novices. After training, we compared differences in network connectivity between rest and meditation using common resting state functional connectivity methods. Interregional methods were paired with local measures such as Regional Homogeneity. As expected, significant differences in functional connectivity both between states (rest versus meditation) and between time points (before versus after training) were observed. During meditation, the internal consistency in the precuneus and the temporoparietal junction increased, while the internal consistency of frontal brain regions decreased. A follow-up analysis of regional connectivity of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex further revealed reduced connectivity with anterior insula during meditation. After meditation training, reduced resting state functional connectivity between the pregenual anterior cingulate and dorsal medical prefrontal cortex was observed. Most importantly, significantly reduced depression/anxiety scores were observed after training. Hence, these findings suggest that mindfulness meditation might be of therapeutic use by inducing plasticity related network changes altering the neuronal basis of affective disorders such as depression.
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50
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Lan CC, Tsai SJ, Huang CC, Wang YH, Chen TR, Yeh HL, Liu ME, Lin CP, Yang AC. Functional Connectivity Density Mapping of Depressive Symptoms and Loneliness in Non-Demented Elderly Male. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 7:251. [PMID: 26793101 PMCID: PMC4709793 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression and loneliness are prevalent and highly correlated phenomena among the elderly and influence both physical and mental health. Brain functional connectivity changes associated with depressive symptoms and loneliness are not fully understood. Methods: A cross-sectional functional MRI study was conducted among 85 non-demented male elders. Geriatric depression scale-short form (GDS) and loneliness scale were used to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms and loneliness, respectively. Whole brain voxel-wise resting-state functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping was performed to delineate short-range FCD (SFCD) and long-range FCD (LFCD). Regional correlations between depressive symptoms or loneliness and SFCD or LFCD were examined using general linear model (GLM), with age incorporated as a covariate and depressive symptoms and loneliness as predictors. Results: Positive correlations between depressive symptoms and LFCD were observed in left rectal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, right supraorbital gyrus, and left inferior temporal gyrus. Positive correlations between depressive symptoms and SFCD were observed in left middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, bilateral superior medial frontal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, and left middle occipital region. Positive correlations between SFCD and loneliness were centered over bilateral lingual gyrus. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms are associated with FCD changes over frontal and temporal regions, which may involve the cognitive control, affective regulation, and default mode networks. Loneliness is associated with FCD changes in bilateral lingual gyri that are known to be important in social cognition. Depressive symptoms and loneliness may be associated with different brain regions in non-demented elderly male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chia Lan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General HospitalTaichung, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Ru Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Mu-En Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan; Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central UniversityChungli, Taiwan; Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
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