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Fantinato C, Gill P, Fonneløp AE. Investigative use of human environmental DNA in forensic genetics. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2024; 70:103021. [PMID: 38335776 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Individuals leave behind traces of their DNA wherever they go. DNA can be transferred to surfaces and items upon touch, can be released into the air, and may be deposited in indoor dust. The mere presence of individuals in a location is sufficient to facilitate either direct or indirect DNA transfer into the surrounding environment. In this study, we analyzed samples recovered from commonly touched surfaces such as light switches and door handles in an office environment. We evaluated two different methods to isolate DNA and co-extract DNA and RNA from the samples. DNA profiles were compared to the references of the inhabitants of the different locations and were analyzed taking into consideration the type of sampled surface, sampling location and information about the activities in a room during the sampling day. Results from DNA samples collected from surfaces were also compared to those from air and dust samples collected in parallel from the same areas. We characterized the amount and composition of DNA found on various surfaces and showed that surface DNA sampling can be used to detect occupants of a location. The results also indicate that combining information from environmental samples collected from different DNA sources can improve our understanding of DNA transfer events in an indoor setting. This study further demonstrates the potential of human environmental DNA as an investigative tool in forensic genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fantinato
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Peter Gill
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Elida Fonneløp
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Monkman H, Szkuta B, van Oorschot RAH. Presence of Human DNA on Household Dogs and Its Bi-Directional Transfer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1486. [PMID: 37510390 PMCID: PMC10379355 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Awareness of the factors surrounding the transfer of DNA from a person, item, or surface to another person, item, or surface is highly relevant during investigations of alleged criminal activity. Animals in domestic environments could be a victim, offender, or innocent party associated with a crime. There is, however, very limited knowledge of human DNA transfer, persistence, prevalence, and recovery (DNA TPPR) associated with domestic animals. This pilot study aimed to improve our understanding of DNA TPPR associated with domestic dogs by collecting and analysing samples from various external areas of dogs of various breeds, interactions with humans, and living arrangements, and conducting a series of tests to investigate the possibility of dogs being vectors for the indirect transfer of human DNA. Reference DNA profiles from the dog owners and others living in the same residence were acquired to assist interpretation of the findings. The findings show that human DNA is prevalent on dogs, and in the majority of samples, two-person mixtures are present. Dogs were also found to be vectors for the transfer of human DNA, with DNA transferred from the dog to a gloved hand during patting and a sheet while walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Monkman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, Australia
| | - Bianca Szkuta
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Roland A H van Oorschot
- Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod 3085, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
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3
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Carrara L, Hicks T, Samie L, Taroni F, Castella V. DNA transfer when using gloves in burglary simulations. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2023; 63:102823. [PMID: 36563530 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that DNA can be indirectly transferred from an individual onto a surface. Therefore, the presence of DNA that is compatible with a given person does not necessarily mean that this person has touched the surface on which the DNA was recovered. The present work simulates cases, where DNA is recovered on a door handle and compared to several reference DNA profiles. The DNA profile of the trace shares DNA components with a person of interest (POI). When asked about the DNA results, the POI says he has nothing to do with the incident and has never been at the scene. However, a possibility would be that the DNA came from his recently stolen gloves. Someone else, the alternative offender (AO), could have opened the door wearing his gloves (POI's gloves), and transferred his DNA (POI's DNA). Based on the above-mentioned scenario, 60 burglary simulations experiments were carried out to generate data to assess DNA results given these allegations. The quantity and quality of DNA profiles (NGM SElect) recovered when the POI opened/closed the door bare-handed or when someone else performed the same activity but using POI's gloves, were compared. The gloves were regularly worn during at least three months by their owner during the winter. On the contrary, the AO wore them only for two minutes. Among the traces collected on the door handles, less than 50% of the traces led to interpretable DNA profiles. In 30% of the cases (3/10), when the door was opened/closed with bare hands, the DNA found on the door handle led to a mixed DNA profile with the POI's DNA aligning with the major contributor. For the experiments where the AO opened/closed the door with the POI's gloves, the POI's DNA was compatible with 22% (11/50) of the mixed DNA profile, aligning with the major in 8% of the cases (4/50). The DNA profiles of the offices' occupants were observed on the door handles, but not the AO's. In addition to the results of the experiments, we show two examples of how one can assess results observed in casework. Given the possibility of indirect transfer of minute DNA quantities, this research emphasizes the need to evaluate DNA results given the activities when the POI has a legitimate reason that can explain the presence of their DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carrara
- School of Criminal Justice, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, University of Lausanne, Batochime, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - T Hicks
- Fondation pour la Formation Continue Universitaire Lausannoise (UNIL-EPFL) & School of Criminal Justice, Batochime, Dorigny, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Forensic Genetics Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 100025, Switzerland
| | - L Samie
- Forensic Genetics Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 100025, Switzerland
| | - F Taroni
- School of Criminal Justice, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, University of Lausanne, Batochime, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V Castella
- Forensic Genetics Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 100025, Switzerland
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4
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Jäger R. New Perspectives for Whole Genome Amplification in Forensic STR Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137090. [PMID: 35806097 PMCID: PMC9267064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern PCR-based analytical techniques have reached sensitivity levels that allow for obtaining complete forensic DNA profiles from even tiny traces containing genomic DNA amounts as small as 125 pg. Yet these techniques have reached their limits when it comes to the analysis of traces such as fingerprints or single cells. One suggestion to overcome these limits has been the usage of whole genome amplification (WGA) methods. These methods aim at increasing the copy number of genomic DNA and by this means generate more template DNA for subsequent analyses. Their application in forensic contexts has so far remained mostly an academic exercise, and results have not shown significant improvements and even have raised additional analytical problems. Until very recently, based on these disappointments, the forensic application of WGA seems to have largely been abandoned. In the meantime, however, novel improved methods are pointing towards a perspective for WGA in specific forensic applications. This review article tries to summarize current knowledge about WGA in forensics and suggests the forensic analysis of single-donor bioparticles and of single cells as promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jäger
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany;
- Institute for Functional Gene Analytics, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Grantham Allee 20, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Institute of Safety and Security Research, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Grantham Allee 20, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
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5
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Mögliche indirekte Übertragung von DNA-Spuren. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-022-00576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Poetsch M, Markwerth P, Konrad H, Bajanowski T, Helmus J. About the influence of environmental factors on the persistence of DNA - a long-term study. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:687-693. [PMID: 35195781 PMCID: PMC9005405 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
DNA persistence and DNA transfer are important features in the assessment of a crime scene. The question how long DNA may persist at a certain location is similarly important as the one how the DNA has been transferred to this location. Depending on the source of the DNA as well as the conditions at the crime scene, the answer to this question is quite difficult. In this study, persistence of DNA from epithelial abrasions, blood cells, and saliva cells in indoor and outdoor scenarios has been investigated with regard to exposure time and exposure conditions including sunlight, temperature, and humidity in summer and winter scenarios. Overall, we generated 338 epithelial samples, 572 blood samples, and 572 saliva samples. A complete profile of the cell/DNA donor after exposure could be obtained in 47%, 65%, and 58% of epithelial abrasions, blood samples, and saliva samples, respectively. Regarding blood samples, there were no differences between supporting materials cloth and plastic; however, the percentage of complete profiles was higher for saliva samples on plastic and for epithelial samples on cloth. In indoor scenarios, complete profiles could be recovered from nearly all blood and saliva samples up to 9 months, whereas the amount of epithelial complete profiles already started to decline after 3 months. In outdoor scenarios, we observed a tipping point at an exposure time of 3 months. Blood and saliva samples collected after this period displayed complete profiles in less than 25% of samples. After 12 months, no outdoor sample showed a complete profile. The results of this study facilitate decisions on the relevance of recovered DNA from crime scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Poetsch
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Philipp Markwerth
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Helen Konrad
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bajanowski
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Janine Helmus
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
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7
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Mercer C, Henry J, Taylor D, Linacre A. What's on the bag? The DNA composition of evidence bags pre- and post-exhibit examination. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 57:102652. [PMID: 34896975 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current forensic DNA profiling kits and techniques enable the detection of trace amounts of DNA. With advancements in kit sensitivity, there is an increased probability of detecting DNA from contamination. Research into DNA transfer within operational forensic laboratories provides insight into the possible mechanisms that may lead to exhibit contamination. To gain a greater understanding of the potential for evidence bags to act as DNA transfer vectors, the level of DNA accumulating on the exterior of evidence bags during the exhibit examination process was investigated. The exterior of 60 evidence bags were tapelifted before and after the examination of the exhibit inside of the bag resulting in 120 DNA profiles. These DNA profiles were compared to DNA profiles of staff working within the building and samples taken from the exhibit inside the bag. Common DNA profile contributors from each sample were also identified through STRmix™ mixture to mixture analysis. The average DNA quantity and number of profile contributors was higher in samples taken from the bag before exhibit examination than after examination. Fifty six percent of all samples taken identified a match between DNA recovered from the evidence bag and at least one staff member. On 11 bags, a common contributor was identified between the exhibit in the bag and the exhibit package post-examination. In one instance a DNA profile, matching that of a donor, on the exhibit bag before examination was also detected on a sample taken from the exhibit, raising the possibility of outer bag-to-exhibit DNA contamination. This study demonstrates that operational forensic laboratories must consider exhibit packages as a potential source of DNA contamination and evaluate their exhibit handling and storage procedures accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mercer
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Julianne Henry
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia; Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Duncan Taylor
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia; Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Adrian Linacre
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
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8
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Schmidt M, Kunz SN, Wiegand P, Bamberg M. Persistence of blood (DNA/RNA) on shoe soles under varying casework related conditions. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 57:102648. [PMID: 34896976 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Blunt force traumas by footwear can result in severe and even fatal head and upper body injuries. Oftentimes, footwear impressions are only partially available and evidential value is limited. DNA evidence on shoe soles could provide crucial evidence helping to solve crimes by linking target DNA to the activity of interest. Little is known about the persistence and detectability of biological material post such offenses and the interplay of factors affecting the analytical success. In this study, we assessed the persistence of blood on shoe soles under varying parameters such as blood location, different sneakers, weather condition, gait, amount of blood, underground and step count. We applied an optimized DNA/RNA workflow adapted to micro-traces without constraints for the primary DNA pipeline. There is a high probability to link donor DNA to the shoe sole for up to 300-400 steps, regardless of the underground, blood location, and amount of blood. Depending on the sole material and the degree of abrasion of the sole, a longer blood persistence can be observed. Considering blood, 98.2% of the initial DNA amount (1 μl initial blood volume) was lost after 100 steps walked on sole areas that are in constant contact with the ground. Proportion of foreign DNA was marginal (avg. 4.4 alleles), minimizing the probability of unintentional DNA transfer in this context. RNA typing showed high specificity but lower sensitivity than presumptive tests used for body fluid identification (BFI). Luminol is essential for targeted sampling on shoe soles, as latent blood traces (>100-200 steps) provided sufficient biological material for DNA/RNA typing. The generated data help to address the activity of interest and evaluate probabilities about prevalence of target DNA important for casework implications and assessments on activity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schmidt
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sebastian N Kunz
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Peter Wiegand
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Malte Bamberg
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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9
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Schmidt M, Bamberg M, Dierig L, Kunz SN, Wiegand P. Casework-related DNA transfer on footwear in consideration of the shedder status. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 56:102630. [PMID: 34808489 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
DNA evidence on shoes can play an important role in solving a variety of crimes. We investigated the transfer, persistence, prevalence and recovery of DNA (DNAtppr) on shoes (sneakers) and their soles in realistic handling scenarios taking into account the shedder status. This study aims to increase the understanding of the expected composition of DNA profiles and their probative value, providing a basis for activity level assessments. Samples were analyzed using a direct lysis method, suggesting its versatility and increasing the DNA typing success compared to previous studies on footwear. The data showed surface-dependent background DNA (bDNA) levels on shoe soles and prevalence of bDNA on the upper parts of the shoe. The owner of the shoe was allocatable to the mixture for almost every shoe and sampling location. Alternating scenarios of shoe handling were simulated through different pairs of shedders to distinguish shoe owner and subsequent user. Secondary users were attributable to DNA mixtures regardless of shedder status after wearing shoes a single time. The influence of the shedder status follows specific trends in this context. However, particularly intermediate shedders show inconsistent results. The prevalence of bDNA appears to have a greater effect on the impact of the shedder status on DNA profile composition than previously reported. The data help researchers to better resolve suspect statements and determine if a person of interest wore the shoes relevant to the investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schmidt
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Malte Bamberg
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa Dierig
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian N Kunz
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Wiegand
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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10
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Thornbury D, Goray M, van Oorschot RAH. Transfer of DNA without contact from used clothing, pillowcases and towels by shaking agitation. Sci Justice 2021; 61:797-805. [PMID: 34802654 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA is frequently retrieved from commonly used objects or surfaces with no apparent biological stains. This DNA may have come from one or more individuals who directly deposited their DNA, or indirectly transferred the DNA of others, when physically contacting the sampled object or surface. Furthermore, contactless indirect DNA transfer of this 'touch DNA' from fabric substrates was recently demonstrated to be possible in a controlled laboratory environment. The circumstances and extent to which this form of contactless DNA transfer occurs are largely unknown. This study investigated indirect DNA transfer without contact by applying a gentle shaking agitation to used clothing, pillowcases and towels, with known usage and history, of 10 volunteers above the collection zone of the secondary surface. DNA transfer frequently occurred and was possible from all three investigated items. It occurred at levels that often produced informative profiles where transferred profiles closely resembled the profiles generated from the primary item. The outcomes of this study contribute to expanding the understanding of indirect DNA transfer without contact. However, this field would benefit from investigating a wider range of agitations and/or item types with various histories of use to determine the level of transfer and its detectability under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Thornbury
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod, Australia.
| | - Mariya Goray
- Biometrics Division, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod, Australia; College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Roland A H van Oorschot
- Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod, Australia; School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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11
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Burrill J, Hotta R, Daniel B, Frascione N. Accumulation of endogenous and exogenous nucleic acids in "Touch DNA" components on hands. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1594-1604. [PMID: 34080688 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Successful forensic DNA profiling from handled items is increasingly routine in casework. This "touch DNA" is thought to contain both cellular and acellular nucleic acid sources. However, there is little clarity on the origins or characteristics of this material. The cellular component consists of anucleate, terminally differentiated corneocytes (assumed to lack DNA), and the occasional nucleated cell. The acellular DNA source is fragmentary, presumably cell breakdown products. This study examines the relative contributions each component makes to the hand-secretions (endogenous) and hand-accumulations (exogenous) by recovering rinses from the inside and outside of worn gloves. Additionally, cellular and acellular DNA was measured at timepoints up to 2 h after hand washing, both with and without interim contact. Microscopic examination confirmed cell morphology and presence of nucleic acids. Following the novel application of a hair keratinocyte lysis method and plasma-DNA fragment purification to hand rinse samples, DNA profiles were generated from both fractions. Exogenous cell-free DNA is shown to be a significant source of touch DNA, which reaccumulates quickly, although its amplifiable nuclear alleles are limited. Endogenous DNA is mostly cellular in origin and provides more allelic information consistently over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Burrill
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Hotta
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara Daniel
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nunzianda Frascione
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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12
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Tanzhaus K, Reiß MT, Zaspel T. "I've never been at the crime scene!" - gloves as carriers for secondary DNA transfer. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:1385-1393. [PMID: 33948711 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02597-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Over recent years, DNA profiling techniques have become highly sensitive. Even small amounts of DNA at crime scenes can be analysed leading to new defence strategies. At court, defence lawyers rarely question the existence of a DNA trace (source level) but challenge how the DNA was transferred to the scene (activity level). Nowadays, the most common defence strategy is to claim that somebody else had stolen the defendant's gloves and used them while breaking and entering. In this study we tested this statement. Using gloves made of different material (cloth, leather, rubber) and varying secondary transfer surfaces (wood, metal, glass), we simulated a few of the most likely transfer scenarios that occur during breaking and entering. While we detected the presence of DNA on the outside of 92 of the 98 gloves tested, we observed only one case of secondary transfer in a total of 81 transfer experiments. This data demonstrates that secondary transfer under conditions resembling realistic conditions is a very rare event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Tanzhaus
- State Department of Criminal Investigation in Thuringia, Kranichfelder Str. 1, 99097, Erfurt, Germany.
| | - Marie-Therese Reiß
- State Department of Criminal Investigation in Thuringia, Kranichfelder Str. 1, 99097, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Tom Zaspel
- State Department of Criminal Investigation in Thuringia, Kranichfelder Str. 1, 99097, Erfurt, Germany
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13
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Valentine JL, Presler-Jur P, Mills H, Miles S. Evidence Collection and Analysis for Touch Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Groping and Sexual Assault Cases. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2021; 17:67-75. [PMID: 33843809 PMCID: PMC8140663 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Historically, evidence collection in sexual assault cases focused on obtaining foreign contributor bodily fluids through swab collection. With improvements in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis methods, DNA profiles can be developed from touch DNA and applied to sexual assault cases. Following a literature review on factors affecting touch DNA transfer, a groping case study with innovative evidence collection is presented to support the expansion of touch DNA evidence collection in sexual assault cases. The groping case led to the development of a statewide sexual assault touch DNA form to guide evidence collection. DNA findings from additional groping sexual assault cases are reported to further show and justify the importance of evidence collection in groping cases. Implications on multidisciplinary practices are summarized to promote evidence collection and analysis in groping sexual assault cases. As forensic nurses are educated to accurately collect DNA evidence and provide trauma-informed, patient-centered care, they are best suited to provide nursing care for patients who have experienced groping sexual assaults. Optimal DNA findings in groping and sexual assault cases are best achieved through development of strong multidisciplinary, collaborative relationships between forensic nurses and forensic scientists.
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14
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An LR framework incorporating sensitivity analysis to model multiple direct and secondary transfer events on skin surface. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 53:102509. [PMID: 33930816 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bayesian logistic regression is used to model the probability of DNA recovery following direct and secondary transfer and persistence over a 24 h period between deposition and sample collection. Sub-source level likelihood ratios provided the raw data for activity-level analysis. Probabilities of secondary transfer are typically low, and there are challenges with small data-sets with low numbers of positive observations. However, the persistence of DNA over time can be modelled by a single logistic regression for both direct and secondary transfer, except that the time since deposition must be compensated by an offset value for the latter. This simplifies the analysis. Probabilities are used to inform an activity-level Bayesian Network that takes account of alternative propositions e.g. time of assault and time of social activities. The model is extended in order to take account of multiple contacts between person of interest and 'victim'. Variables taken into account include probabilities of direct and secondary transfer, along with background DNA from unknown individuals. The logistic regression analysis is Bayesian - for each analysis, 4000 separate simulations were carried out. Quantile assignments enable calculation of a plausible range of probabilities and sensitivity analysis is used to describe the corresponding variation of LRs that occur when modelled by the Bayesian network. It is noted that there is need for consistent experimental design, and analysis, to facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons. Appropriate recommendations are made. The open-source program written in R-code ALTRaP (Activity Level, Transfer, Recovery and Persistence) enables analysis of complex multiple transfer propositions that are commonplace in cases-work e.g. between those who cohabit. A number of case examples are provided. ALTRaP can be used to replicate the results and can easily be modified to incorporate different sets of data and variables.
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15
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Thornbury D, Goray M, van Oorschot RAH. Indirect DNA transfer without contact from dried biological materials on various surfaces. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 51:102457. [PMID: 33465559 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA transfer is a well-recognised phenomenon impacting the probability of detecting the presence of a particular source of DNA and thus the likelihood of the evidence given considered events within forensic investigations. Comprehensive study is lacking on variables associated with indirect DNA transfer without physical contact. Additionally, the drying properties of forensically relevant biological materials are under researched despite the recognised potential for these properties to affect DNA transfer. This study investigated the drying properties and indirect DNA transfer of dried blood, saliva, semen, vaginal fluid and touch DNA without contact deposited on two different non-porous hard substrates (melamine and glass) and two different porous soft substrates (polyester and cotton) by tapping (all substrates) and stretching (only fabric substrates) agitations. Different apparent drying trends were observed between the volumes, substrates and biological materials tested with substrate type generally having a greater influence than biological material. The rate and percentage of indirect transfer appeared to be dependent on agitation, substrate type, biological material and its drying properties. The outcomes of this study may assist those evaluating the likelihood of the evidence given proposed events during activity level assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Thornbury
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod, Australia.
| | - Mariya Goray
- Biometrics Division, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod, Australia
| | - Roland A H van Oorschot
- Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod, Australia; School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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16
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Burrill J, Rammenou E, Alawar F, Daniel B, Frascione N. Corneocyte lysis and fragmented DNA considerations for the cellular component of forensic touch DNA. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 51:102428. [PMID: 33338861 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
DNA deposited by individuals' hands is a routine part of forensic analysis, yet little is understood about the precise cellular contents left by handling. "Dead" skin cells known as corneocytes make up the majority of the cellular material left in touch deposits by people's hands but are known to lack nuclei, making their DNA content ambiguous. Here we measure DNA released from anucleate corneocytes following various lysis methods to determine how much DNA may be present in these cells and how best to recover it from inside the cornified envelope. We demonstrate that enhanced lysis methods using a reducing agent and longer incubation may be valuable for hand deposit samples. Corneocyte DNA can be characterized as highly degraded based on the quantification, STR profiling and fluorescence microscopy of the cells from freshly washed hands. Purification to target shorter DNA fragments is demonstrated. DNA from the washed corneocyte cells is shown to constitute the majority of recoverable DNA with these methods. We consider the use of new methods adapted to cornified cells and fragmented DNA for future research into this sample type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Burrill
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Elli Rammenou
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Fatima Alawar
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Barbara Daniel
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Nunzianda Frascione
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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17
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Exploration of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) recovery for touch deposits. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 51:102431. [PMID: 33260058 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although touch deposit DNA is widely used in forensic casework, its cellular and acellular contents and their biological origins are poorly understood. There is evidence that the cell-free component of DNA deposited by handling may contribute substantial genetic information; however, most research into touch DNA recovery does not separate cellular and cell-free fractions or seek to characterize their contents. This work is an important early step in developing methods to isolate the cfDNA from biological material deposited by handling. Size-filtration as a separation technique was determined to be prone to DNA loss, even on optimized control samples of pure ladder DNA. Centrifugal separation was optimized to determine minimum speed and time required to reliably remove all cellular debris from the material collected by rinsing donor hands. To determine if the centrifugal force risked rupturing shed corneocyte cells and releasing cellular DNA into the supernatant, DNA levels were measured, and cells were visualized microscopically before and after centrifugation of hand rinses. Heated buccal cells were used as a positive control to demonstrate cell rupture would be detected with these methods. Following the determination of a suitable separation technique, an investigation into purification methods for cfDNA was conducted. DNA recovery using three kits for plasma cfDNA, one for PCR clean-up and one for genomic DNA were assessed on both ladder DNA to simulate cfDNA fragments and on collected hand deposit supernatants from both unwashed and washed hands. Purification methods designed for recovery of short DNA fragments from plasma yielded the highest recovery percentage across sample types, with BioChain cfPure performing the best. Donors' hands were shown to shed high levels of cfDNA, which were better recovered with a method for short fragments than with a traditional genomic technique often used on touch DNA samples.
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18
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Is it possible to predict the origin of epithelial cells? – A comparison of secondary transfer of skin epithelial cells versus vaginal mucous membrane cells by direct contact. Sci Justice 2020; 60:234-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Burrill J, Daniel B, Frascione N. Illuminating touch deposits through cellular characterization of hand rinses and body fluids with nucleic acid fluorescence. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 46:102269. [PMID: 32155589 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Forensic DNA typing from touched or handled items in routine casework is increasing as the sensitivity of detection techniques improves. Our understanding of the cellular/acellular content of touch deposits and the origins of the DNA therein is still limited. This work explores the cellular content of rinses from washed and unwashed hands, as well as saliva, nasal and eye washes which could be sources of transferred DNA onto hands. Flow cytometry and microscopic examination were used to detect granularity, size and nucleic acid fluorescence data. Cellular content did not vary significantly within an individual, although some differences were observed between donors. Saliva contained populations of nucleated epithelia as well as smaller cells and debris, all positive for DNA. Hand rinses consisted almost entirely of anucleate corneocytes, many of which also stained positive for nucleic acids. These data raise questions about shed corneocyte DNA content previously assumed to be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Burrill
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 4.122, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Barbara Daniel
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 4.122, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Nunzianda Frascione
- King's Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 4.122, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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20
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Butler JM, Willis S. Interpol review of forensic biology and forensic DNA typing 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:352-367. [PMID: 33385135 PMCID: PMC7770417 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in biological sciences from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
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21
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Rolo M, Sampaio L, Balsa F, Bento A, Gouveia N, Serra A, Brito P, Lopes V, São-Bento M, Bogas V, Cunha P, Porto M, Carneiro de Sousa M. Assessment of individual shedder status and background DNA on objects: Direct or indirect transfer? FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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22
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Goray M, Kokshoorn B, Steensma K, Szkuta B, van Oorschot RAH. DNA detection of a temporary and original user of an office space. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 44:102203. [PMID: 31751912 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to improve our awareness of the transfer, persistence, prevalence and recovery of DNA (DNA-TPPR) from items/surfaces, and within different spaces and circumstances, to assist sample targeting during collection and activity level assessments. Here we investigate DNA-TPPR within office spaces. Specifically, to what extent DNA, left by a temporary user of an office space that has been occupied by a regular user for an extended period, is detectable when the duration of their temporary occupancy and their general activities are known. Also, how readily the DNA of the regular user is still detectable after a known period of occupancy by another person, and to what extent DNA of others is present. Samples were collected from 18 core items/surfaces within eight single use office spaces that had been used temporarily by another occupant for 2.5-7 h. Four of these offices were within one forensic laboratory and four within another. Each lab collected and processed the samples to generate DNA profiles using their own set of methodologies. The owner/regular user of an office space was found to be the major/majority contributor to profiles from most items within the space, even after temporary use by another person. The detectability of the temporary occupier of an office space varied among offices and items. The temporary occupier was not observed on all items touched. In most instances, when detected, the temporary occupier was known to have touched the surface at some stage. Therefore, where one is seeking to collect samples that may detect a temporary user of a space, it is advisable to target several potentially touched sites. A difference in methodologies applied from collection through to profiling appears to impact DNA yields and profile types. Ascertaining the impact of using different methodologies on the profiles generated from collected samples, requires further research. More research is also needed to generate data to help determine frequency estimates for different types of profiles given different user histories of an item or space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Goray
- Biometric Division, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod, Australia.
| | - Bas Kokshoorn
- Division Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Kristy Steensma
- Division Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca Szkuta
- Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Roland A H van Oorschot
- Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod, Australia; School of Molecular Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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23
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Helmus J, Poetsch J, Pfeifer M, Bajanowski T, Poetsch M. Cleaning a crime scene 2.0-what to do with the bloody knife after the crime? Int J Legal Med 2019; 134:171-175. [PMID: 31624925 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of DNA on washed items as well as the DNA transfer has become a major subject of research in recent years, especially after the detectability of minor DNA traces was heavily increased by sensitive analysis methods. Nowadays, the attribution of a DNA trace to an individual is only rarely questioned, whereas the way of application of this DNA to an item is subject to much discussion and speculation. Additionally, the removal of DNA by cleaning or its possible persistence on an item despite a cleaning process are often important problems in court. The aim of this study was to investigate whether DNA traces (blood, saliva, epithelial cells) on different objects (knives, plates, glasses, and plastic lids) can persist on the surface despite cleaning by different methods like hand-washing or the use of a dishwasher. In total, 120 samples were collected from artificially constructed blood, saliva, and epithelial cell stains on objects with smooth surfaces after washing and analyzed by STR amplification. Samples taken after rinsing or hand-washing resulted mainly in complete DNA profiles (62.5% of samples), while cleaning in the dishwasher rendered almost everything completely DNA-free. Since in the hand-washing experiments a secondary transfer of DNA through the water could not be ruled out, additional transfer experiments were conducted with blood and saliva samples on plates. Here, a carryover of DNA traces could be demonstrated up to the fifth washed item.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Helmus
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Jeremy Poetsch
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuel Pfeifer
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bajanowski
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Micaela Poetsch
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
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24
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A review of trace “Touch DNA” deposits: Variability factors and an exploration of cellular composition. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 39:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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van Oorschot RA, Szkuta B, Meakin GE, Kokshoorn B, Goray M. DNA transfer in forensic science: A review. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 38:140-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Helmus J, Pfeifer M, Feiner LK, Krause LJ, Bajanowski T, Poetsch M. Unintentional effects of cleaning a crime scene-when the sponge becomes an accomplice in DNA transfer. Int J Legal Med 2018; 133:759-765. [PMID: 30560491 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA transfer in aqueous solutions as well as the persistence of DNA on washed items has become a major subject of research in recent years and is often a significant problem in court. Despite these approaches, the question about the "mobility" of DNA especially in capital offenses cannot be answered in every case, since a variety of scenarios for DNA transfer are possible. The aim of this study was to investigate whether DNA traces could be distributed by cleaning an object. For this purpose, a large table surface and fabric piece were artificially provided with skin contact traces and body fluids (saliva and blood) in two series of experiments and then wiped off with water or with soap water (218 samples in total). These experiments resulted in a clear "carry over" of DNA traces especially for body fluid samples (100% of blood samples and 75% of saliva samples led to a complete profile). The results could be confirmed in a second experimental set-up with 384 samples using different cleaning agents and more intense cleaning actions. Even small amounts of 5-10 μl body fluid led to complete profiles in around 45% of the samples, while 20 μl led to nearly 65% complete profiles. A strong impact of the amount of traces and the chosen surface could be demonstrated, while the active component of the cleaning agent seemed to be of less influence with the explicit exception of chloric agents which rendered almost everything completely DNA-free. In summary, a distribution of DNA traces by wiping or scrubbing an object could be clearly proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Helmus
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuel Pfeifer
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura-Kim Feiner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Jasmin Krause
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bajanowski
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Micaela Poetsch
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
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27
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Poetsch M, Pfeifer M, Konrad H, Bajanowski T, Helmus J. Impact of several wearers on the persistence of DNA on clothes-a study with experimental scenarios. Int J Legal Med 2017; 132:117-123. [PMID: 29151121 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The detection of DNA of a certain person on the inside of a piece of clothing involved in a crime scene is usually seen as confirmation that this person is the owner or bearer and therefore participated in this crime. However, besides the possibilities of secondary or even tertiary transfer of DNA, the accused often argues that he lent the garment to another person who by chance did not leave any DNA while committing the crime. Then, forensic genetic scientists have to answer the question how long DNA persists on an item used in daily routine and how long a piece of clothing must be worn to definitively leave detectable DNA behind. In an attempt to answer these questions, several scenarios with two or three individuals wearing the same sweatband for different time periods were set up. DNA left on the sweatbands was isolated, quantified, and then analyzed using the Powerplex® ESX17fast kit. The majority of samples displayed all alleles of both/all three wearers on the outside (67%) as well as on the inside (80%) of the sweatbands. In contrast, a single profile of the first wearer could only be found once among all 204 samples, a single profile of the second wearer in 7% of samples. Wearing the sweatband for only 10 min was enough to result in a complete profile of the second wearer in 79% of samples. So, it is highly unlikely to wear/use a piece of clothing for even a short period of time without leaving own DNA behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Poetsch
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Manuel Pfeifer
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Helen Konrad
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bajanowski
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Janine Helmus
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
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28
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Helmus J, Zorell S, Bajanowski T, Poetsch M. Persistence of DNA on clothes after exposure to water for different time periods-a study on bathtub, pond, and river. Int J Legal Med 2017; 132:99-106. [PMID: 28963636 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DNA traces on clothes of drowned bodies can provide important evidence for police investigations, especially in cases of suspected suicides or homicides. However, it is generally assumed that the water "erodes" a large part of the DNA depending especially on the exposure time. In forensic casework, DNA of suspects could be found frequently on clothes of drowned bodies after hours, sometimes days of exposure to water. This study was conducted to attempt a general statement about the conditions under which sufficient DNA remains can be expected for molecular genetic analysis. For this purpose, different scenarios were designed including DNA from three to five people, different types of waters (tap, pond, bathtub and river) for various time periods, with higher water pressure, different temperature, and soapy water (bathtub). Epithelial cells and blood cells were mounted on cotton cloths, and the DNA left after exposure was analyzed using the Powerplex® ESX17fast kit. In the indoor experiments, complete profiles could be seen even after 10 min rinsing of clothes under the tap and after 1 week in the bathtub. Outdoors, the results differed considerably between summer and winter as well as between pond and river. The longest exposure time still resulting in a complete profile was 2 weeks for a sample with skin cells in the pond during winter. In summer, the time period for erasing the bulk of DNA was 4 hours regarding epithelial samples and more than 1 day for blood samples in pond and river environments. All in all, the results demonstrate that DNA could still be recovered from clothes exposed to water for more than 1 week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Helmus
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Zorell
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bajanowski
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Micaela Poetsch
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
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29
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Fonneløp AE, Ramse M, Egeland T, Gill P. The implications of shedder status and background DNA on direct and secondary transfer in an attack scenario. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2017; 29:48-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Persistence of touch DNA on burglary-related tools. Int J Legal Med 2017; 131:941-953. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Ostojic L, Wurmbach E. Analysis of fingerprint samples, testing various conditions, for forensic DNA identification. Sci Justice 2017; 57:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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32
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A novel cell culture model as a tool for forensic biology experiments and validations. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2016; 24:114-119. [PMID: 27376694 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To improve and advance DNA forensic casework investigation outcomes, extensive field and laboratory experiments are carried out in a broad range of relevant branches, such as touch and trace DNA, secondary DNA transfer and contamination confinement. Moreover, the development of new forensic tools, for example new sampling appliances, by commercial companies requires ongoing validation and assessment by forensic scientists. A frequent challenge in these kinds of experiments and validations is the lack of a stable, reproducible and flexible biological reference material. As a possible solution, we present here a cell culture model based on skin-derived human dermal fibroblasts. Cultured cells were harvested, quantified and dried on glass slides. These slides were used in adhesive tape-lifting experiments and tests of DNA crossover confinement by UV irradiation. The use of this model enabled a simple and concise comparison between four adhesive tapes, as well as a straightforward demonstration of the effect of UV irradiation intensities on DNA quantity and degradation. In conclusion, we believe this model has great potential to serve as an efficient research tool in forensic biology.
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Does zero really mean nothing?-first experiences with the new PowerQuant(TM) system in comparison to established real-time quantification kits. Int J Legal Med 2016; 130:935-940. [PMID: 26972802 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA quantification is an important step in the molecular genetic analysis of a forensic sample, hopefully providing reliable data on DNA content for a subsequent generation of reproducible STR profiles for identification. For several years, this quantification has usually been done by real-time PCR protocols and meanwhile a variety of assays are commercially available from different companies. The newest one is the PowerQuant(TM) assay by Promega Inc. which is advertised with the promise that a determined DNA concentration of 0 ng/μl in a forensic sample guarantees the impossibility to achieve true STR results, thus allowing to exclude such samples from STR analysis to save time and money. Thus, the goal of this study was to thoroughly verify the quantification step with regard to its suitability as a screening method. We have evaluated the precision and reliability of four different real-time PCR quantification assays by systematically testing DNA dilutions and forensic samples with various DNA contents. Subsequently, each sample was subjected to the Powerplex® ESX 17 fast kit to determine a reliable cutoff level for exclusion of definitely negative samples from STR analysis. An accurate quantification of different cell line DNA dilutions was not possible with any kit. However, at least the PowerQuant(TM) assay provided suitable data analyzing forensic samples, whereas in other systems up to 46 % of negative samples still displayed reliable STR analysis results. All in all, the PowerQuant(TM) assay represents a big step forward, but the evaluation of real-time PCR quantification results has still to be done with great care.
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