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Iranzo A, Cochen De Cock V, Fantini ML, Pérez-Carbonell L, Trotti LM. Sleep and sleep disorders in people with Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol 2024:S1474-4422(24)00170-4. [PMID: 38942041 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are common in people with Parkinson's disease. These disorders, which increase in frequency throughout the course of the neurodegenerative disease and impair quality of life, include insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, circadian disorders, obstructive sleep apnoea, restless legs syndrome, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder. The causes of these sleep disorders are complex and multifactorial, including the degeneration of the neural structures that modulate sleep, the detrimental effect of some medications on sleep, the parkinsonian symptoms that interfere with mobility and comfort in bed, and comorbidities that disrupt sleep quality and quantity. The clinical evaluation of sleep disorders include both subjective (eg, questionnaires or diaries) and objective (eg, actigraphy or video polysomnography) assessments. The management of patients with Parkinson's disease and a sleep disorder is challenging and should be individualised. Treatment can include education aiming at changes in behaviour (ie, sleep hygiene), cognitive behavioural therapy, continuous dopaminergic stimulation at night, and specific medications. REM sleep behaviour disorder can occur several years before the onset of parkinsonism, suggesting that the implementation of trials of neuroprotective therapies should focus on people with this sleep disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Iranzo
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valerie Cochen De Cock
- Sleep and Neurology Department, Beau Soleil Clinic, Montpellier, France; EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, University of Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - María Livia Fantini
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laura Pérez-Carbonell
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lynn Marie Trotti
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Sleep Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Schormair B, Zhao C, Bell S, Tilch E, Salminen AV, Pütz B, Dauvilliers Y, Stefani A, Högl B, Poewe W, Kemlink D, Sonka K, Bachmann CG, Paulus W, Trenkwalder C, Oertel WH, Hornyak M, Teder-Laving M, Metspalu A, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Polo O, Fietze I, Ross OA, Wszolek Z, Butterworth AS, Soranzo N, Ouwehand WH, Roberts DJ, Danesh J, Allen RP, Earley CJ, Ondo WG, Xiong L, Montplaisir J, Gan-Or Z, Perola M, Vodicka P, Dina C, Franke A, Tittmann L, Stewart AFR, Shah SH, Gieger C, Peters A, Rouleau GA, Berger K, Oexle K, Di Angelantonio E, Hinds DA, Müller-Myhsok B, Winkelmann J. Identification of novel risk loci for restless legs syndrome in genome-wide association studies in individuals of European ancestry: a meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16:898-907. [PMID: 29029846 PMCID: PMC5755468 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome is a prevalent chronic neurological disorder with potentially severe mental and physical health consequences. Clearer understanding of the underlying pathophysiology is needed to improve treatment options. We did a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to identify potential molecular targets. METHODS In the discovery stage, we combined three GWAS datasets (EU-RLS GENE, INTERVAL, and 23andMe) with diagnosis data collected from 2003 to 2017, in face-to-face interviews or via questionnaires, and involving 15 126 cases and 95 725 controls of European ancestry. We identified common variants by fixed-effect inverse-variance meta-analysis. Significant genome-wide signals (p≤5 × 10-8) were tested for replication in an independent GWAS of 30 770 cases and 286 913 controls, followed by a joint analysis of the discovery and replication stages. We did gene annotation, pathway, and gene-set-enrichment analyses and studied the genetic correlations between restless legs syndrome and traits of interest. FINDINGS We identified and replicated 13 new risk loci for restless legs syndrome and confirmed the previously identified six risk loci. MEIS1 was confirmed as the strongest genetic risk factor for restless legs syndrome (odds ratio 1·92, 95% CI 1·85-1·99). Gene prioritisation, enrichment, and genetic correlation analyses showed that identified pathways were related to neurodevelopment and highlighted genes linked to axon guidance (associated with SEMA6D), synapse formation (NTNG1), and neuronal specification (HOXB cluster family and MYT1). INTERPRETATION Identification of new candidate genes and associated pathways will inform future functional research. Advances in understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie restless legs syndrome could lead to new treatment options. We focused on common variants; thus, additional studies are needed to dissect the roles of rare and structural variations. FUNDING Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Helmholtz Zentrum München-Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, National Research Institutions, NHS Blood and Transplant, National Institute for Health Research, British Heart Foundation, European Commission, European Research Council, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schormair
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chen Zhao
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Steven Bell
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erik Tilch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aaro V Salminen
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep-Wake Disorders Centre, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, INSERM U1061, CHU Montpellier, France
| | - Ambra Stefani
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Kemlink
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sonka
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Paracelsus-Elena Hospital, Centre of Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders, Kassel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Magdolna Hornyak
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Neuropsychiatry Centre Erding/München, Erding, Germany
| | - Maris Teder-Laving
- Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Olli Polo
- Unesta Research Centre, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ingo Fietze
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Centre of Sleep Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Adam S Butterworth
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - David J Roberts
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, BRC Haematology Theme and NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK; Department of Haematology and BRC Haematology Theme, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John Danesh
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Richard P Allen
- Center for Restless Legs Study, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Earley
- Center for Restless Legs Study, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William G Ondo
- Department of Neurology, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lan Xiong
- Laboratoire de Neurogénétique, Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Montplaisir
- Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 67120, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Science of Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Dina
- Inserm UMR1087, CNRS UMR 6291, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lukas Tittmann
- PopGen Biobank and Institute of Epidemiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexandre F R Stewart
- John and Jennifer Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Svati H Shah
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Konrad Oexle
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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