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Wu L, Fu X, Pütz B, Zhang R, Liu L, Song W, Weng L, Shao Y, Zheng Z, Xun J, Han X, Wang T, Shen Y, Lu H, Müller-Myhsok B, Chen J. Comprehensive risk factor predictions for 3-year survival among HIV-associated and disseminated cryptococcosis involving lungs and central nervous system. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02237-6. [PMID: 38613657 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global mortality rate resulting from HIV-associated cryptococcal disease is remarkably elevated, particularly in severe cases with dissemination to the lungs and central nervous system (CNS). Regrettably, there is a dearth of predictive analysis regarding long-term survival, and few studies have conducted longitudinal follow-up assessments for comparing anti-HIV and antifungal treatments. METHODS A cohort of 83 patients with HIV-related disseminated cryptococcosis involving the lung and CNS was studied for 3 years to examine survival. Comparative analysis of clinical and immunological parameters was performed between deceased and surviving individuals. Subsequently, multivariate Cox regression models were utilized to validate mortality predictions at 12, 24, and 36 months. RESULTS Observed plasma cytokine levels before treatment were significantly lower for IL-1RA (p < 0.001) and MCP-1 (p < 0.05) when in the survivor group. Incorporating plasma levels of IL-1RA, IL-6, and high-risk CURB-65 score demonstrated the highest area under curve (AUC) value (0.96) for predicting 1-year mortality. For 1-, 2- and 3-year predictions, the single-factor model with IL-1RA demonstrated superior performance compared to all multiple-variate models (AUC = 0.95/0.78/0.78). CONCLUSIONS IL-1RA is a biomarker for predicting 3-year survival. Further investigations to explore the pathogenetic role of IL-1RA in HIV-associated disseminated cryptococcosis and as a potential therapeutic target are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luling Wu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemin Fu
- Research Group Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Pütz
- Research Group Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Weng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yueming Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihang Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingna Xun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximei Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Nursing Research Institution, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Research Group Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Bordes J, Miranda L, Reinhardt M, Narayan S, Hartmann J, Newman EL, Brix LM, van Doeselaar L, Engelhardt C, Dillmann L, Mitra S, Ressler KJ, Pütz B, Agakov F, Müller-Myhsok B, Schmidt MV. Automatically annotated motion tracking identifies a distinct social behavioral profile following chronic social defeat stress. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4319. [PMID: 37463994 PMCID: PMC10354203 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe stress exposure increases the risk of stress-related disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD). An essential characteristic of MDD is the impairment of social functioning and lack of social motivation. Chronic social defeat stress is an established animal model for MDD research, which induces a cascade of physiological and behavioral changes. Current markerless pose estimation tools allow for more complex and naturalistic behavioral tests. Here, we introduce the open-source tool DeepOF to investigate the individual and social behavioral profile in mice by providing supervised and unsupervised pipelines using DeepLabCut-annotated pose estimation data. Applying this tool to chronic social defeat in male mice, the DeepOF supervised and unsupervised pipelines detect a distinct stress-induced social behavioral pattern, which was particularly observed at the beginning of a novel social encounter and fades with time due to habituation. In addition, while the classical social avoidance task does identify the stress-induced social behavioral differences, both DeepOF behavioral pipelines provide a clearer and more detailed profile. Moreover, DeepOF aims to facilitate reproducibility and unification of behavioral classification by providing an open-source tool, which can advance the study of rodent individual and social behavior, thereby enabling biological insights and, for example, subsequent drug development for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Bordes
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucas Miranda
- Research Group Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Maya Reinhardt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Sowmya Narayan
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Emily L Newman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Lea Maria Brix
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Lotte van Doeselaar
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Clara Engelhardt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Larissa Dillmann
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Shiladitya Mitra
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Benno Pütz
- Research Group Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Agakov
- Pharmatics Limited, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, Scotland, UK
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Research Group Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Gerstner N, Krontira AC, Cruceanu C, Roeh S, Pütz B, Sauer S, Rex-Haffner M, Schmidt MV, Binder EB, Knauer-Arloth J. DiffBrainNet: Differential analyses add new insights into the response to glucocorticoids at the level of genes, networks and brain regions. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 21:100496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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4
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Fontana V, Turner RM, Francis B, Yin P, Pütz B, Hiltunen TP, Ruotsalainen S, Kontula KK, Müller-Myhsok B, Pirmohamed M. Chromosomal Region 11p14.1 is Associated with Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Bisoprolol. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:249-260. [PMID: 35356681 PMCID: PMC8958266 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s352719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bisoprolol is a widely used beta-blocker in patients with cardiovascular diseases. As with other beta-blockers, there is variability in response to bisoprolol, but the underlying reasons for this have not been clearly elucidated. Our aim was to investigate genetic factors that affect bisoprolol pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), and potentially the clinical outcomes. Patients and Methods Patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome were recruited prospectively on admission to hospital and followed up for up to 2 years. Patients from this cohort who were on treatment with bisoprolol, at any dose, had bisoprolol adherence data and a plasma sample, one month after discharge from index hospitalisation were included in the study. Individual bisoprolol clearance values were estimated using population pharmacokinetic modeling. Genome-wide association analysis after genotyping was undertaken using an Illumina HumanOmniExpressExome-8 v1.0 BeadChip array, while CYP2D6 copy number variations were determined by PCR techniques and phenotypes for CYP2D6 and CYP3A were inferred from the genotype. GWAS significant SNPs were analysed for heart rate response to bisoprolol in an independent cohort of hypertensive subjects. Results Six hundred twenty-two patients on bisoprolol underwent both PK and genome wide analysis. The mean (IQR) of the estimated clearance in this population was 13.6 (10.0-18.0) L/h. Bisoprolol clearance was associated with rs11029955 (p=7.17×10-9) mapped to the region of coiled-coil domain containing 34 region (CCDC34) on chromosome 11, and with rs116702638 (p=2.54×10-8). Each copy of the minor allele of rs11029955 was associated with 2.2 L/h increase in clearance. In an independent cohort of hypertensive subjects, rs11029955 was associated with 24-hour heart rate response to 4-week treatment with bisoprolol (p= 9.3×10-5), but not with rs116702638. Conclusion A novel locus on the chromosomal region 11p14.1 was associated with bisoprolol clearance in a real-world cohort of patients and was validated in independent cohort with a pharmacodynamic association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Fontana
- The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard Myles Turner
- The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ben Francis
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peng Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo P Hiltunen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo K Kontula
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bertam Müller-Myhsok
- The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, and Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
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5
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Miranda L, Paul R, Pütz B, Koutsouleris N, Müller-Myhsok B. Systematic Review of Functional MRI Applications for Psychiatric Disease Subtyping. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:665536. [PMID: 34744805 PMCID: PMC8569315 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.665536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psychiatric disorders have been historically classified using symptom information alone. Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in research interest not only in identifying the mechanisms underlying defined pathologies but also in redefining their etiology. This is particularly relevant for the field of personalized medicine, which searches for data-driven approaches to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection for individual patients. Methods: This review aims to provide a high-level overview of the rapidly growing field of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from the perspective of unsupervised machine learning applications for disease subtyping. Following the PRISMA guidelines for protocol reproducibility, we searched the PubMed database for articles describing functional MRI applications used to obtain, interpret, or validate psychiatric disease subtypes. We also employed the active learning framework ASReview to prioritize publications in a machine learning-guided way. Results: From the 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria, five used functional MRI data to interpret symptom-derived disease clusters, four used it to interpret clusters derived from biomarker data other than fMRI itself, and 11 applied clustering techniques involving fMRI directly. Major depression disorder and schizophrenia were the two most frequently studied pathologies (35% and 30% of the retrieved studies, respectively), followed by ADHD (15%), psychosis as a whole (10%), autism disorder (5%), and the consequences of early exposure to violence (5%). Conclusions: The increased interest in personalized medicine and data-driven disease subtyping also extends to psychiatric disorders. However, to date, this subfield is at an incipient exploratory stage, and all retrieved studies were mostly proofs of principle where further validation and increased sample sizes are craved for. Whereas results for all explored diseases are inconsistent, we believe this reflects the need for concerted, multisite data collection efforts with a strong focus on measuring the generalizability of results. Finally, whereas functional MRI is the best way of measuring brain function available to date, its low signal-to-noise ratio and elevated monetary cost make it a poor clinical alternative. Even with technology progressing and costs decreasing, this might incentivize the search for more accessible, clinically ready functional proxies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Miranda
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Riya Paul
- Department of Precision Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section for Neurodiagnostic Applications, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Pütz
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Precision Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section for Neurodiagnostic Applications, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Health Data Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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6
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Faber H, Kurtoic D, Krishnamoorthy G, Weber P, Pütz B, Müller-Myhsok B, Weber F, Andlauer TFM. Gene Expression in Spontaneous Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Is Linked to Human Multiple Sclerosis Risk Genes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2165. [PMID: 33072080 PMCID: PMC7531036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have identified over 230 genetic risk loci for multiple sclerosis. Current experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models requiring active induction of disease may not be optimally suited for the characterization of the function of these genes. We have thus used gene expression profiling to study whether spontaneous opticospinal EAE (OSE) or MOG-induced EAE mirrors the genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis more faithfully. To this end, we compared gene expression in OSE and MOG EAE models and analyzed the relationship of both models to human multiple sclerosis risk genes and T helper cell biology. We observed stronger gene expression changes and an involvement of more pathways of the adaptive immune system in OSE than MOG EAE. Furthermore, we demonstrated a more extensive enrichment of human MS risk genes among transcripts differentially expressed in OSE than was the case for MOG EAE. Transcripts differentially expressed only in diseased OSE mice but not in MOG EAE were significantly enriched for T helper cell-specific transcripts. These transcripts are part of immune-regulatory pathways. The activation of the adaptive immune system and the enrichment of both human multiple sclerosis risk genes and T helper cell-specific transcripts were also observed in OSE mice showing only mild disease signs. These expression changes may, therefore, be indicative of processes at disease onset. In summary, more human multiple sclerosis risk genes were differentially expressed in OSE than was observed for MOG EAE, especially in TH1 cells. When studying the functional role of multiple sclerosis risk genes and pathways during disease onset and their interactions with the environment, spontaneous OSE may thus show advantages over MOG-induced EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Faber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Weber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Weber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Till F M Andlauer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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7
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Grasby KL, Jahanshad N, Painter JN, Colodro-Conde L, Bralten J, Hibar DP, Lind PA, Pizzagalli F, Ching CRK, McMahon MAB, Shatokhina N, Zsembik LCP, Thomopoulos SI, Zhu AH, Strike LT, Agartz I, Alhusaini S, Almeida MAA, Alnæs D, Amlien IK, Andersson M, Ard T, Armstrong NJ, Ashley-Koch A, Atkins JR, Bernard M, Brouwer RM, Buimer EEL, Bülow R, Bürger C, Cannon DM, Chakravarty M, Chen Q, Cheung JW, Couvy-Duchesne B, Dale AM, Dalvie S, de Araujo TK, de Zubicaray GI, de Zwarte SMC, den Braber A, Doan NT, Dohm K, Ehrlich S, Engelbrecht HR, Erk S, Fan CC, Fedko IO, Foley SF, Ford JM, Fukunaga M, Garrett ME, Ge T, Giddaluru S, Goldman AL, Green MJ, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gurholt TP, Gutman BA, Hansell NK, Harris MA, Harrison MB, Haswell CC, Hauser M, Herms S, Heslenfeld DJ, Ho NF, Hoehn D, Hoffmann P, Holleran L, Hoogman M, Hottenga JJ, Ikeda M, Janowitz D, Jansen IE, Jia T, Jockwitz C, Kanai R, Karama S, Kasperaviciute D, Kaufmann T, Kelly S, Kikuchi M, Klein M, Knapp M, Knodt AR, Krämer B, Lam M, Lancaster TM, Lee PH, Lett TA, Lewis LB, Lopes-Cendes I, Luciano M, Macciardi F, Marquand AF, Mathias SR, Melzer TR, Milaneschi Y, Mirza-Schreiber N, Moreira JCV, Mühleisen TW, Müller-Myhsok B, Najt P, Nakahara S, Nho K, Loohuis LMO, Orfanos DP, Pearson JF, Pitcher TL, Pütz B, Quidé Y, Ragothaman A, Rashid FM, Reay WR, Redlich R, Reinbold CS, Repple J, Richard G, Riede BC, Risacher SL, Rocha CS, Mota NR, Salminen L, Saremi A, Saykin AJ, Schlag F, Schmaal L, Schofield PR, Secolin R, Shapland CY, Shen L, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Sønderby IE, Sprooten E, Tansey KE, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Turner JA, Uhlmann A, Vallerga CL, van derMeer D, van Donkelaar MMJ, van Eijk L, van Erp TGM, van Haren NEM, van Rooij D, van Tol MJ, Veldink JH, Verhoef E, Walton E, Wang M, Wang Y, Wardlaw JM, Wen W, Westlye LT, Whelan CD, Witt SH, Wittfeld K, Wolf C, Wolfers T, Wu JQ, Yasuda CL, Zaremba D, Zhang Z, Zwiers MP, Artiges E, Assareh AA, Ayesa-Arriola R, Belger A, Brandt CL, Brown GG, Cichon S, Curran JE, Davies GE, Degenhardt F, Dennis MF, Dietsche B, Djurovic S, Doherty CP, Espiritu R, Garijo D, Gil Y, Gowland PA, Green RC, Häusler AN, Heindel W, Ho BC, Hoffmann WU, Holsboer F, Homuth G, Hosten N, Jack CR, Jang M, Jansen A, Kimbrel NA, Kolskår K, Koops S, Krug A, Lim KO, Luykx JJ, Mathalon DH, Mather KA, Mattay VS, Matthews S, Van Son JM, McEwen SC, Melle I, Morris DW, Mueller BA, Nauck M, Nordvik JE, Nöthen MM, O’Leary DS, Opel N, Martinot MLP, Pike GB, Preda A, Quinlan EB, Rasser PE, Ratnakar V, Reppermund S, Steen VM, Tooney PA, Torres FR, Veltman DJ, Voyvodic JT, Whelan R, White T, Yamamori H, Adams HHH, Bis JC, Debette S, Decarli C, Fornage M, Gudnason V, Hofer E, Ikram MA, Launer L, Longstreth WT, Lopez OL, Mazoyer B, Mosley TH, Roshchupkin GV, Satizabal CL, Schmidt R, Seshadri S, Yang Q, Alvim MKM, Ames D, Anderson TJ, Andreassen OA, Arias-Vasquez A, Bastin ME, Baune BT, Beckham JC, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brunner HG, Buckner RL, Buitelaar JK, Bustillo JR, Cahn W, Cairns MJ, Calhoun V, Carr VJ, Caseras X, Caspers S, Cavalleri GL, Cendes F, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Dannlowski U, de Geus EJC, Deary IJ, Delanty N, Depondt C, Desrivières S, Donohoe G, Espeseth T, Fernández G, Fisher SE, Flor H, Forstner AJ, Francks C, Franke B, Glahn DC, Gollub RL, Grabe HJ, Gruber O, Håberg AK, Hariri AR, Hartman CA, Hashimoto R, Heinz A, Henskens FA, Hillegers MHJ, Hoekstra PJ, Holmes AJ, Hong LE, Hopkins WD, Pol HEH, Jernigan TL, Jönsson EG, Kahn RS, Kennedy MA, Kircher TTJ, Kochunov P, Kwok JBJ, Le Hellard S, Loughland CM, Martin NG, Martinot JL, McDonald C, McMahon KL, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Michie PT, Morey RA, Mowry B, Nyberg L, Oosterlaan J, Ophoff RA, Pantelis C, Paus T, Pausova Z, Penninx BWJH, Polderman TJC, Posthuma D, Rietschel M, Roffman JL, Rowland LM, Sachdev PS, Sämann PG, Schall U, Schumann G, Scott RJ, Sim K, Sisodiya SM, Smoller JW, Sommer IE, St Pourcain B, Stein DJ, Toga AW, Trollor JN, Van der Wee NJA, van ‘t Ent D, Völzke H, Walter H, Weber B, Weinberger DR, Wright MJ, Zhou J, Stein JL, Thompson PM, Medland SE. The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex. Science 2020; 367:eaay6690. [PMID: 32193296 PMCID: PMC7295264 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L. Grasby
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jodie N. Painter
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucía Colodro-Conde
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Derrek P. Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Personalized Healthcare, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Penelope A. Lind
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fabrizio Pizzagalli
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Graduate Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Agnes B. McMahon
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Shatokhina
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leo C. P. Zsembik
- Department of Genetics and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa H. Zhu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lachlan T. Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saud Alhusaini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Neurology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcio A. A. Almeida
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K. Amlien
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tyler Ard
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua R. Atkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Manon Bernard
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth E. L. Buimer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute for Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Bürger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dara M. Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mallar Chakravarty
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua W. Cheung
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tânia K. de Araujo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Greig I. de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sonja M. C. de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannah-Ruth Engelbrecht
- Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susanne Erk
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Iryna O. Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sonya F. Foley
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Judith M. Ford
- San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Melanie E. Garrett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Melissa J. Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nynke A. Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Tiril P. Gurholt
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Boris A. Gutman
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Narelle K. Hansell
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mathew A. Harris
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc B. Harrison
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Courtney C. Haswell
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk J. Heslenfeld
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - New Fei Ho
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Iris E. Jansen
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and BrainInspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ryota Kanai
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Araya, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sherif Karama
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dalia Kasperaviciute
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Public Psychiatry Division, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Knapp
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annchen R. Knodt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Max Lam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas M. Lancaster
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Phil H. Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tristram A. Lett
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lindsay B. Lewis
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andre F. Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Samuel R. Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Tracy R. Melzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nazanin Mirza-Schreiber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jose C. V. Moreira
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- IC-Institute of Computing, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thomas W. Mühleisen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pablo Najt
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Soichiro Nakahara
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharmaceuticals, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Loes M. Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - John F. Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Toni L. Pitcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anjanibhargavi Ragothaman
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Faisal M. Rashid
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William R. Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Céline S. Reinbold
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Geneviève Richard
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Brandalyn C. Riede
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cristiane S. Rocha
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nina R. Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lauren Salminen
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arvin Saremi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fenja Schlag
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Secolin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Chin Yang Shapland
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Population Neuroscience & Developmental Neuroimaging, Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, East York, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ida E. Sønderby
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katherine E. Tansey
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Costanza L. Vallerga
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dennis van derMeer
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Liza van Eijk
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan H. Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen Verhoef
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher D. Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie H. Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jing Qin Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Clarissa L. Yasuda
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dario Zaremba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Zuo Zhang
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eric Artiges
- INSERM ERL Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, and CNRS 9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Amelia A. Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christine L. Brandt
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gregory G. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michelle F. Dennis
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bruno Dietsche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Colin P. Doherty
- Department of Neurology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Academic Unit of Neurology, TBSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Future Neuro, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ryan Espiritu
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Garijo
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yolanda Gil
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Penny A. Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert C. Green
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander N. Häusler
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wolfgang U. Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- HMNC Holding GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- University Medicine Greifswald, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - MiHyun Jang
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Core-Unit Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Knut Kolskår
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Sanne Koops
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kelvin O. Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jurjen J. Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, Netherlands
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Mental Health Service 116d, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karen A. Mather
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Venkata S. Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Matthews
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Jaqueline Mayoral Van Son
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Sarah C. McEwen
- Pacific Brain Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bryon A. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel S. O’Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- INSERM ERL Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, and CNRS 9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- APHP.Sorbonne Université, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - G. Bruce Pike
- Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Adrian Preda
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Erin B. Quinlan
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paul E. Rasser
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Varun Ratnakar
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Paul A. Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Fábio R. Torres
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - James T. Voyvodic
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hieab H. H. Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Debette
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charles Decarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W. T. Longstreth
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- MIND Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gennady V. Roshchupkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marina K. M. Alvim
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim J. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Neurology, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mark E. Bastin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham, VA Healthcare System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Han G. Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Juan R. Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Murray J. Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vaughan J. Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gianpiero L. Cavalleri
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- The SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fernando Cendes
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, IBiS, Universidad De Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - John C. Dalrymple-Alford
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Norman Delanty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Future Neuro, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Forstner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Clyde Francks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David C. Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randy L. Gollub
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asta K. Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ahmad R. Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frans A. Henskens
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Health Behaviour Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Manon H. J. Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William D. Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Terry L. Jernigan
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - René S. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin A. Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tilo T. J. Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John B. J. Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neurogenetics and Epigenetics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carmel M. Loughland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter New England Mental Health Service, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM ERL Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, and CNRS 9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katie L. McMahon
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Herston Imaging Research Facility, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patricia T. Michie
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bryan Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children’s Hospital Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Clinical Neuropsychology section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- NorthWestern Mental Health, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tinca J. C. Polderman
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joshua L. Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M. Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ulrich Schall
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- PONS Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie, Charité Campus Mitte, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- General Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay M. Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, ChalfontSt-Peter, UK
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iris E. Sommer
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Biological Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Dennis van ‘t Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Weber
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience, Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret J. Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Juan Zhou
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason L. Stein
- Department of Genetics and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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8
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Malik VA, Zajicek F, Mittmann LA, Klaus J, Unterseer S, Rajkumar S, Pütz B, Deussing JM, Neumann ID, Rupprecht R, Di Benedetto B. GDF15 promotes simultaneous astrocyte remodeling and tight junction strengthening at the blood-brain barrier. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1433-1456. [PMID: 32170776 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular astrocyte processes (PAP) surround cerebral endothelial cells (ECs) and modulate the strengthening of tight junctions to influence blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Morphologically altered astrocytes may affect barrier properties and trigger the onset of brain pathologies. However, astrocyte-dependent mediators of these events remain poorly studied. Here, we show a pharmacologically driven elevated expression and release of growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in rat primary astrocytes and cerebral PAP. GDF15 has been shown to possess trophic properties for motor neurons, prompting us to hypothesize similar effects on astrocytes. Indeed, its increased expression and release occurred simultaneously to morphological changes of astrocytes in vitro and PAP, suggesting modulatory effects of GDF15 on these cells, but also neighboring EC. Administration of recombinant GDF15 was sufficient to promote astrocyte remodeling and enhance barrier properties between ECs in vitro, whereas its pharmacogenetic abrogation prevented these effects. We validated our findings in male high anxiety-related behavior rats, an animal model of depressive-like behavior, with shrunk PAP associated with reduced expression of the junctional protein claudin-5, which were both restored by a pharmacologically induced increase in GDF15 expression. Thus, we identified GDF15 as an astrocyte-derived trigger of astrocyte process remodeling linked to enhanced tight junction strengthening at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Malik
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Zajicek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura A Mittmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Sandeep Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Neurobiology and Animal Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Di Benedetto
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Schormair B, Zhao C, Bell S, Tilch E, Salminen AV, Pütz B, Dauvilliers Y, Stefani A, Högl B, Poewe W, Kemlink D, Sonka K, Bachmann CG, Paulus W, Trenkwalder C, Oertel WH, Hornyak M, Teder-Laving M, Metspalu A, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Polo O, Fietze I, Ross OA, Wszolek Z, Butterworth AS, Soranzo N, Ouwehand WH, Roberts DJ, Danesh J, Allen RP, Earley CJ, Ondo WG, Xiong L, Montplaisir J, Gan-Or Z, Perola M, Vodicka P, Dina C, Franke A, Tittmann L, Stewart AFR, Shah SH, Gieger C, Peters A, Rouleau GA, Berger K, Oexle K, Di Angelantonio E, Hinds DA, Müller-Myhsok B, Winkelmann J. Identification of novel risk loci for restless legs syndrome in genome-wide association studies in individuals of European ancestry: a meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16:898-907. [PMID: 29029846 PMCID: PMC5755468 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome is a prevalent chronic neurological disorder with potentially severe mental and physical health consequences. Clearer understanding of the underlying pathophysiology is needed to improve treatment options. We did a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to identify potential molecular targets. METHODS In the discovery stage, we combined three GWAS datasets (EU-RLS GENE, INTERVAL, and 23andMe) with diagnosis data collected from 2003 to 2017, in face-to-face interviews or via questionnaires, and involving 15 126 cases and 95 725 controls of European ancestry. We identified common variants by fixed-effect inverse-variance meta-analysis. Significant genome-wide signals (p≤5 × 10-8) were tested for replication in an independent GWAS of 30 770 cases and 286 913 controls, followed by a joint analysis of the discovery and replication stages. We did gene annotation, pathway, and gene-set-enrichment analyses and studied the genetic correlations between restless legs syndrome and traits of interest. FINDINGS We identified and replicated 13 new risk loci for restless legs syndrome and confirmed the previously identified six risk loci. MEIS1 was confirmed as the strongest genetic risk factor for restless legs syndrome (odds ratio 1·92, 95% CI 1·85-1·99). Gene prioritisation, enrichment, and genetic correlation analyses showed that identified pathways were related to neurodevelopment and highlighted genes linked to axon guidance (associated with SEMA6D), synapse formation (NTNG1), and neuronal specification (HOXB cluster family and MYT1). INTERPRETATION Identification of new candidate genes and associated pathways will inform future functional research. Advances in understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie restless legs syndrome could lead to new treatment options. We focused on common variants; thus, additional studies are needed to dissect the roles of rare and structural variations. FUNDING Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Helmholtz Zentrum München-Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, National Research Institutions, NHS Blood and Transplant, National Institute for Health Research, British Heart Foundation, European Commission, European Research Council, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schormair
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chen Zhao
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Steven Bell
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erik Tilch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aaro V Salminen
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep-Wake Disorders Centre, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, INSERM U1061, CHU Montpellier, France
| | - Ambra Stefani
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Kemlink
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sonka
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Paracelsus-Elena Hospital, Centre of Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders, Kassel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Magdolna Hornyak
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Neuropsychiatry Centre Erding/München, Erding, Germany
| | - Maris Teder-Laving
- Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Olli Polo
- Unesta Research Centre, Tampere, Finland; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ingo Fietze
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Centre of Sleep Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Adam S Butterworth
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - David J Roberts
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, BRC Haematology Theme and NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK; Department of Haematology and BRC Haematology Theme, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John Danesh
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Richard P Allen
- Center for Restless Legs Study, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Earley
- Center for Restless Legs Study, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William G Ondo
- Department of Neurology, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lan Xiong
- Laboratoire de Neurogénétique, Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Montplaisir
- Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 67120, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Science of Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Dina
- Inserm UMR1087, CNRS UMR 6291, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lukas Tittmann
- PopGen Biobank and Institute of Epidemiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexandre F R Stewart
- John and Jennifer Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Svati H Shah
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Konrad Oexle
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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10
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Kim-Hellmuth S, Bechheim M, Pütz B, Mohammadi P, Nédélec Y, Giangreco N, Becker J, Kaiser V, Fricker N, Beier E, Boor P, Castel SE, Nöthen MM, Barreiro LB, Pickrell JK, Müller-Myhsok B, Lappalainen T, Schumacher J, Hornung V. Genetic regulatory effects modified by immune activation contribute to autoimmune disease associations. Nat Commun 2017; 8:266. [PMID: 28814792 PMCID: PMC5559603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a major role in human health and disease, and understanding genetic causes of interindividual variability of immune responses is vital. Here, we isolate monocytes from 134 genotyped individuals, stimulate these cells with three defined microbe-associated molecular patterns (LPS, MDP, and 5'-ppp-dsRNA), and profile the transcriptomes at three time points. Mapping expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), we identify 417 response eQTLs (reQTLs) with varying effects between conditions. We characterize the dynamics of genetic regulation on early and late immune response and observe an enrichment of reQTLs in distal cis-regulatory elements. In addition, reQTLs are enriched for recent positive selection with an evolutionary trend towards enhanced immune response. Finally, we uncover reQTL effects in multiple GWAS loci and show a stronger enrichment for response than constant eQTLs in GWAS signals of several autoimmune diseases. This demonstrates the importance of infectious stimuli in modifying genetic predisposition to disease.Insight into the genetic influence on the immune response is important for the understanding of interindividual variability in human pathologies. Here, the authors generate transcriptome data from human blood monocytes stimulated with various immune stimuli and provide a time-resolved response eQTL map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim-Hellmuth
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany.
| | - Matthias Bechheim
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Benno Pütz
- Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, 80804, Germany
| | - Pejman Mohammadi
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yohann Nédélec
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada, H3T 1C5
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Nicholas Giangreco
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Vera Kaiser
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Nadine Fricker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Esther Beier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology and Department of Nephrology, University Clinic of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Stephane E Castel
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada, H3T 1C5
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Joseph K Pickrell
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, 80804, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, 80804, Germany
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - Tuuli Lappalainen
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany.
| | - Veit Hornung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
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Hibar DP, Adams HHH, Jahanshad N, Chauhan G, Stein JL, Hofer E, Renteria ME, Bis JC, Arias-Vasquez A, Ikram MK, Desrivières S, Vernooij MW, Abramovic L, Alhusaini S, Amin N, Andersson M, Arfanakis K, Aribisala BS, Armstrong NJ, Athanasiu L, Axelsson T, Beecham AH, Beiser A, Bernard M, Blanton SH, Bohlken MM, Boks MP, Bralten J, Brickman AM, Carmichael O, Chakravarty MM, Chen Q, Ching CRK, Chouraki V, Cuellar-Partida G, Crivello F, Den Braber A, Doan NT, Ehrlich S, Giddaluru S, Goldman AL, Gottesman RF, Grimm O, Griswold ME, Guadalupe T, Gutman BA, Hass J, Haukvik UK, Hoehn D, Holmes AJ, Hoogman M, Janowitz D, Jia T, Jørgensen KN, Karbalai N, Kasperaviciute D, Kim S, Klein M, Kraemer B, Lee PH, Liewald DCM, Lopez LM, Luciano M, Macare C, Marquand AF, Matarin M, Mather KA, Mattheisen M, McKay DR, Milaneschi Y, Muñoz Maniega S, Nho K, Nugent AC, Nyquist P, Loohuis LMO, Oosterlaan J, Papmeyer M, Pirpamer L, Pütz B, Ramasamy A, Richards JS, Risacher SL, Roiz-Santiañez R, Rommelse N, Ropele S, Rose EJ, Royle NA, Rundek T, Sämann PG, Saremi A, Satizabal CL, Schmaal L, Schork AJ, Shen L, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Smith AV, Sprooten E, Strike LT, Teumer A, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Toro R, Trabzuni D, Trompet S, Vaidya D, Van der Grond J, Van der Lee SJ, Van der Meer D, Van Donkelaar MMJ, Van Eijk KR, Van Erp TGM, Van Rooij D, Walton E, Westlye LT, Whelan CD, Windham BG, Winkler AM, Wittfeld K, Woldehawariat G, Wolf C, Wolfers T, Yanek LR, Yang J, Zijdenbos A, Zwiers MP, Agartz I, Almasy L, Ames D, Amouyel P, Andreassen OA, Arepalli S, Assareh AA, Barral S, Bastin ME, Becker DM, Becker JT, Bennett DA, Blangero J, van Bokhoven H, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Brunner HG, Buckner RL, Buitelaar JK, Bulayeva KB, Cahn W, Calhoun VD, Cannon DM, Cavalleri GL, Cheng CY, Cichon S, Cookson MR, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Czisch M, Dale AM, Davies GE, De Craen AJM, De Geus EJC, De Jager PL, De Zubicaray GI, Deary IJ, Debette S, DeCarli C, Delanty N, Depondt C, DeStefano A, Dillman A, Djurovic S, Donohoe G, Drevets WC, Duggirala R, Dyer TD, Enzinger C, Erk S, Espeseth T, Fedko IO, Fernández G, Ferrucci L, Fisher SE, Fleischman DA, Ford I, Fornage M, Foroud TM, Fox PT, Francks C, Fukunaga M, Gibbs JR, Glahn DC, Gollub RL, Göring HHH, Green RC, Gruber O, Gudnason V, Guelfi S, Håberg AK, Hansell NK, Hardy J, Hartman CA, Hashimoto R, Hegenscheid K, Heinz A, Le Hellard S, Hernandez DG, Heslenfeld DJ, Ho BC, Hoekstra PJ, Hoffmann W, Hofman A, Holsboer F, Homuth G, Hosten N, Hottenga JJ, Huentelman M, Pol HEH, Ikeda M, Jack Jr CR, Jenkinson M, Johnson R, Jönsson EG, Jukema JW, Kahn RS, Kanai R, Kloszewska I, Knopman DS, Kochunov P, Kwok JB, Lawrie SM, Lemaître H, Liu X, Longo DL, Lopez OL, Lovestone S, Martinez O, Martinot JL, Mattay VS, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, McMahon FJ, McMahon KL, Mecocci P, Melle I, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Mohnke S, Montgomery GW, Morris DW, Mosley TH, Mühleisen TW, Müller-Myhsok B, Nalls MA, Nauck M, Nichols TE, Niessen WJ, Nöthen MM, Nyberg L, Ohi K, Olvera RL, Ophoff RA, Pandolfo M, Paus T, Pausova Z, Penninx BWJH, Pike GB, Potkin SG, Psaty BM, Reppermund S, Rietschel M, Roffman JL, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Rotter JI, Ryten M, Sacco RL, Sachdev PS, Saykin AJ, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Schofield PR, Sigursson S, Simmons A, Singleton A, Sisodiya SM, Smith C, Smoller JW, Soininen H, Steen VM, Stott DJ, Sussmann JE, Thalamuthu A, Toga AW, Traynor BJ, Troncoso J, Tsolaki M, Tzourio C, Uitterlinden AG, Hernández MCV, Van der Brug M, van der Lugt A, van der Wee NJA, Van Haren NEM, van 't Ent D, Van Tol MJ, Vardarajan BN, Vellas B, Veltman DJ, Völzke H, Walter H, Wardlaw JM, Wassink TH, Weale ME, Weinberger DR, Weiner MW, Wen W, Westman E, White T, Wong TY, Wright CB, Zielke RH, Zonderman AB, Martin NG, Van Duijn CM, Wright MJ, Longstreth WT, Schumann G, Grabe HJ, Franke B, Launer LJ, Medland SE, Seshadri S, Thompson PM, Ikram MA. Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13624. [PMID: 28098162 PMCID: PMC5253632 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (rg=-0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrek P. Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - Hieab H. H. Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - Ganesh Chauhan
- INSERM Unit U1219, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jason L. Stein
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
- Department of Genetics & UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Miguel E. Renteria
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Avenue/Suite 1360. Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Meike W. Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucija Abramovic
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saud Alhusaini
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Aribisala
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, P.M.B. 01 LASU, Nigeria
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Nicola J. Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Axelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 1432, SE-751 44 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ashley H. Beecham
- Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Alexa Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118 USA
- Framingham Heart Study, 17 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01703 USA
| | - Manon Bernard
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Susan H. Blanton
- Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Marc M. Bohlken
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco P. Boks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain; G.H. Sergievsky Center; Department of Neurology. Columbia University Medical Center, 639 West 1168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4H 1R3
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, 17 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01703 USA
- Lille University, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167—RID-AGE—Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Fabrice Crivello
- IMN UMR5293, GIN, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anouk Den Braber
- Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit & Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Aaron L. Goldman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Rebecca F. Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael E. Griswold
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, USA
| | - Tulio Guadalupe
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Boris A. Gutman
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - Johanna Hass
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Unn K. Haukvik
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, 0319 Oslo, Norway
| | - David Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tianye Jia
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Kjetil N. Jørgensen
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, 0319 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Dalia Kasperaviciute
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, Bucks, SL9 0RJ, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Kraemer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Phil H. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts 02141, USA
- Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Lexington, Massachusetts, 02421, USA
| | - David C. M. Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Lorna M. Lopez
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Christine Macare
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andre F. Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Mar Matarin
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, Bucks, SL9 0RJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Karen A. Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, DK-8000 Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for integrated Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David R. McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06114, USA
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, 1081 HL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Allison C. Nugent
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, 35 Convent Drive, Rm 1A202, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3719, USA
| | - Paul Nyquist
- Department of Neurology, Department of Anesthesia/Critical Care Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins, USA600 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Loes M. Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Papmeyer
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
- Division of Systems Neuroscience of Psychopathology, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, 3060, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Pirpamer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jennifer S. Richards
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GC, The Netherlands
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Roberto Roiz-Santiañez
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GC, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Ropele
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Emma J. Rose
- Psychosis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry & Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Natalie A. Royle
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | | | - Arvin Saremi
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, 17 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01703 USA
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, 3502, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3502, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J. Schork
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92161, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Jean Shin
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Albert V. Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06114, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Lachlan T. Strike
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities. Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
| | | | - Daniah Trabzuni
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- GeneSTAR Research Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument St Suite 8028, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Jeroen Van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Sven J. Van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Van der Meer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein M. J. Van Donkelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel R. Van Eijk
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Human Neurogenetics Unit, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo G. M. Van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Daan Van Rooij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Christopher D. Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Beverly G. Windham
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anderson M. Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, USA
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Girma Woldehawariat
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, 35 Convent Drive, Rm 1A202, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3719, USA
| | - Christiane Wolf
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument St Suite 8028, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
- University of Wuerzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wuerzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - Alex Zijdenbos
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, 0319 Oslo, Norway
- Biospective Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, 78250, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - David Ames
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 29104, USA
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Lille University, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167—RID-AGE—Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sampath Arepalli
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Amelia A. Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Sandra Barral
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain; G.H. Sergievsky Center; Department of Neurology. Columbia University Medical Center, 639 West 1168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Mark E. Bastin
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Diane M. Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument St Suite 8028, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - James T. Becker
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
- University of Wuerzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wuerzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit & Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Forbes Ave., Suite 830, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Han G. Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre—Assessment and Better Care, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GC, The Netherlands
| | - Kazima B. Bulayeva
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Department of Evolution and Genetics, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala 367000, Dagestan, Russia
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA
| | - Dara M. Cannon
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, 35 Convent Drive, Rm 1A202, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3719, USA
- Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | | | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark R. Cookson
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Psychosis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry & Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Czisch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Gareth E. Davies
- Departments of Neurosciences, Radiology, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | | | - Eco J. C. De Geus
- Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit & Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | | | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- INSERM Unit U1219, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,02118, USA
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Norman Delanty
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3700, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | | | - Anita DeStefano
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118 USA
- Framingham Heart Study, 17 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01703 USA
| | - Allissa Dillman
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0420 Oslo, Norway
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG) & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Wayne C. Drevets
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, 35 Convent Drive, Rm 1A202, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3719, USA
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas D. Dyer
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Enzinger
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Erk
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey 08560, USA
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Iryna O. Fedko
- Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit & Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Debra A. Fleischman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Department of Neurological Sciences & Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G41 4DQ, UK
| | - Tatiana M. Foroud
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Clyde Francks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - J. Raphael Gibbs
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06114, USA
| | - Randy L. Gollub
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Harald H. H. Göring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert C. Green
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Sebastian Guelfi
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Asta K. Håberg
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Narelle K. Hansell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Radiology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, 7030, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katrin Hegenscheid
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey 08560, USA
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Dena G. Hernandez
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dirk J. Heslenfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit & Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Clifford R. Jack Jr
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, 445N Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Mark Jenkinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, USA
| | - Robert Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Biospective Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - René S. Kahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ryota Kanai
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Iwona Kloszewska
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - David S. Knopman
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Araya Brain Imaging, Tokyo, 102-0093, Japan
| | | | - John B. Kwok
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21228, USA
| | - Stephen M. Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Hervé Lemaître
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, 35 Convent Drive, Rm 1A202, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3719, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Dan L. Longo
- INSERM UMR 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot; University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Maison de Solenn, Paris, 91400, France
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Forbes Ave., Suite 830, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Oliver Martinez
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Venkata S. Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Colm McDonald
- Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Francis J. McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, 35 Convent Drive, Rm 1A202, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3719, USA
| | - Katie L. McMahon
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mohnke
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey 08560, USA
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0420 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas W. Mühleisen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael A. Nalls
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Matthias Nauck
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas E. Nichols
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, USA
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Wiro J. Niessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Statistics & WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Radiology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, 7030, Norway
| | - Rene L. Olvera
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - Tomas Paus
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
- Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, 10022, USA
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. Bruce Pike
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Group Health Research Institute, Group Health, 1730 Minor Avenue/Suite 1360, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joshua L. Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | | | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Mina Ryten
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ralph L. Sacco
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21228, USA
| | | | - Andrew Simmons
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Sanjay M. Sisodiya
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, Bucks, SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- MRC Edinburgh Brain Bank, University of Edinburgh, Academic Department of Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - David J. Stott
- Neurocentre Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jessika E. Sussmann
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G4 0SF, UK
| | - Bryan J. Traynor
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Juan Troncoso
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- INSERM Unit U1219, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- 3rd Department of Neurology, "G. Papanicolaou", Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 57010, Greece
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Maria C. Valdés Hernández
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Marcel Van der Brug
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Neeltje E. M. Van Haren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit & Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Jose Van Tol
- Department of Psychiatry and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Badri N. Vardarajan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain; G.H. Sergievsky Center; Department of Neurology. Columbia University Medical Center, 639 West 1168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Bruno Vellas
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neuroscience, 9713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey 08560, USA
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Thomas H. Wassink
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, INSERM U1027, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, 31024, France
| | - Michael E. Weale
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience and the Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Eric Westman
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Clinton B. Wright
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Ronald H. Zielke
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Cornelia M. Van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret J. Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - W. T. Longstreth
- Laboratory of Epidemiology & Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Gunter Schumann
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98104-2420, USA
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, 17 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01703 USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Intramural Research Program, NIA, NIH, 7201 Wisconsin Ave, Suite 3C-309, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Adams HHH, Hibar DP, Chouraki V, Stein JL, Nyquist PA, Rentería ME, Trompet S, Arias-Vasquez A, Seshadri S, Desrivières S, Beecham AH, Jahanshad N, Wittfeld K, Van der Lee SJ, Abramovic L, Alhusaini S, Amin N, Andersson M, Arfanakis K, Aribisala BS, Armstrong NJ, Athanasiu L, Axelsson T, Beiser A, Bernard M, Bis JC, Blanken LME, Blanton SH, Bohlken MM, Boks MP, Bralten J, Brickman AM, Carmichael O, Chakravarty MM, Chauhan G, Chen Q, Ching CRK, Cuellar-Partida G, Braber AD, Doan NT, Ehrlich S, Filippi I, Ge T, Giddaluru S, Goldman AL, Gottesman RF, Greven CU, Grimm O, Griswold ME, Guadalupe T, Hass J, Haukvik UK, Hilal S, Hofer E, Hoehn D, Holmes AJ, Hoogman M, Janowitz D, Jia T, Kasperaviciute D, Kim S, Klein M, Kraemer B, Lee PH, Liao J, Liewald DCM, Lopez LM, Luciano M, Macare C, Marquand A, Matarin M, Mather KA, Mattheisen M, Mazoyer B, McKay DR, McWhirter R, Milaneschi Y, Mirza-Schreiber N, Muetzel RL, Maniega SM, Nho K, Nugent AC, Loohuis LMO, Oosterlaan J, Papmeyer M, Pappa I, Pirpamer L, Pudas S, Pütz B, Rajan KB, Ramasamy A, Richards JS, Risacher SL, Roiz-Santiañez R, Rommelse N, Rose EJ, Royle NA, Rundek T, Sämann PG, Satizabal CL, Schmaal L, Schork AJ, Shen L, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Smith AV, Sprooten E, Strike LT, Teumer A, Thomson R, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Toro R, Trabzuni D, Vaidya D, Van der Grond J, Van der Meer D, Van Donkelaar MMJ, Van Eijk KR, Van Erp TGM, Van Rooij D, Walton E, Westlye LT, Whelan CD, Windham BG, Winkler AM, Woldehawariat G, Wolf C, Wolfers T, Xu B, Yanek LR, Yang J, Zijdenbos A, Zwiers MP, Agartz I, Aggarwal NT, Almasy L, Ames D, Amouyel P, Andreassen OA, Arepalli S, Assareh AA, Barral S, Bastin ME, Becker DM, Becker JT, Bennett DA, Blangero J, van Bokhoven H, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Brunner HG, Buckner RL, Buitelaar JK, Bulayeva KB, Cahn W, Calhoun VD, Cannon DM, Cavalleri GL, Chen C, Cheng CY, Cichon S, Cookson MR, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Czisch M, Dale AM, Davies GE, De Geus EJC, De Jager PL, de Zubicaray GI, Delanty N, Depondt C, DeStefano AL, Dillman A, Djurovic S, Donohoe G, Drevets WC, Duggirala R, Dyer TD, Erk S, Espeseth T, Evans DA, Fedko IO, Fernández G, Ferrucci L, Fisher SE, Fleischman DA, Ford I, Foroud TM, Fox PT, Francks C, Fukunaga M, Gibbs JR, Glahn DC, Gollub RL, Göring HHH, Grabe HJ, Green RC, Gruber O, Gudnason V, Guelfi S, Hansell NK, Hardy J, Hartman CA, Hashimoto R, Hegenscheid K, Heinz A, Le Hellard S, Hernandez DG, Heslenfeld DJ, Ho BC, Hoekstra PJ, Hoffmann W, Hofman A, Holsboer F, Homuth G, Hosten N, Hottenga JJ, Hulshoff Pol HE, Ikeda M, Ikram MK, Jack CR, Jenkinson M, Johnson R, Jönsson EG, Jukema JW, Kahn RS, Kanai R, Kloszewska I, Knopman DS, Kochunov P, Kwok JB, Lawrie SM, Lemaître H, Liu X, Longo DL, Longstreth WT, Lopez OL, Lovestone S, Martinez O, Martinot JL, Mattay VS, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, McMahon KL, McMahon FJ, Mecocci P, Melle I, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Mohnke S, Montgomery GW, Morris DW, Mosley TH, Mühleisen TW, Müller-Myhsok B, Nalls MA, Nauck M, Nichols TE, Niessen WJ, Nöthen MM, Nyberg L, Ohi K, Olvera RL, Ophoff RA, Pandolfo M, Paus T, Pausova Z, Penninx BWJH, Pike GB, Potkin SG, Psaty BM, Reppermund S, Rietschel M, Roffman JL, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Rotter JI, Ryten M, Sacco RL, Sachdev PS, Saykin AJ, Schmidt R, Schofield PR, Sigurdsson S, Simmons A, Singleton A, Sisodiya SM, Smith C, Smoller JW, Soininen H, Srikanth V, Steen VM, Stott DJ, Sussmann JE, Thalamuthu A, Tiemeier H, Toga AW, Traynor BJ, Troncoso J, Turner JA, Tzourio C, Uitterlinden AG, Hernández MCV, Van der Brug M, Van der Lugt A, Van der Wee NJA, Van Duijn CM, Van Haren NEM, Van T Ent D, Van Tol MJ, Vardarajan BN, Veltman DJ, Vernooij MW, Völzke H, Walter H, Wardlaw JM, Wassink TH, Weale ME, Weinberger DR, Weiner MW, Wen W, Westman E, White T, Wong TY, Wright CB, Zielke HR, Zonderman AB, Deary IJ, DeCarli C, Schmidt H, Martin NG, De Craen AJM, Wright MJ, Launer LJ, Schumann G, Fornage M, Franke B, Debette S, Medland SE, Ikram MA, Thompson PM. Novel genetic loci underlying human intracranial volume identified through genome-wide association. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1569-1582. [PMID: 27694991 PMCID: PMC5227112 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial volume reflects the maximally attained brain size during development, and remains stable with loss of tissue in late life. It is highly heritable, but the underlying genes remain largely undetermined. In a genome-wide association study of 32,438 adults, we discovered five previously unknown loci for intracranial volume and confirmed two known signals. Four of the loci were also associated with adult human stature, but these remained associated with intracranial volume after adjusting for height. We found a high genetic correlation with child head circumference (ρgenetic = 0.748), which indicates a similar genetic background and allowed us to identify four additional loci through meta-analysis (Ncombined = 37,345). Variants for intracranial volume were also related to childhood and adult cognitive function, and Parkinson's disease, and were enriched near genes involved in growth pathways, including PI3K-AKT signaling. These findings identify the biological underpinnings of intracranial volume and their link to physiological and pathological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Derrek P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Lille University, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, France
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason L Stein
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Genetics and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul A Nyquist
- Department of Neurology, Department of Anesthesia/Critical Care Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley H Beecham
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Lucija Abramovic
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saud Alhusaini
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology and Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin S Aribisala
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Axelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexa Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manon Bernard
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laura M E Blanken
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susan H Blanton
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marc M Bohlken
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco P Boks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Anouk Den Braber
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University and Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, North Carolina, USA
| | - Irina Filippi
- NSERM Unit 1000 ″Neuroimaging and Psychiatry″, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Maison de Solenn, Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine Department, APHP Hospital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Tian Ge
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, North Carolina, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aaron L Goldman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Corina U Greven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- King's College London, Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neurosciene, London, UK
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael E Griswold
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Tulio Guadalupe
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Hass
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Austria, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Austria, Graz, Austria
| | - David Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tianye Jia
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dalia Kasperaviciute
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, Bucks, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd Kraemer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Phil H Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiemin Liao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - David C M Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorna M Lopez
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christine Macare
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andre Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mar Matarin
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, Bucks, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for integrated Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - David R McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rebekah McWhirter
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nazanin Mirza-Schreiber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Allison C Nugent
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Papmeyer
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Systems Neuroscience of Psychopathology, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene Pappa
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pirpamer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Austria, Graz, Austria
| | - Sara Pudas
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology and Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Kumar B Rajan
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer S Richards
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Roberto Roiz-Santiañez
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, Spain
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Emma J Rose
- Psychosis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin
| | - Natalie A Royle
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Philipp G Sämann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jean Shin
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lachlan T Strike
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Russell Thomson
- School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, Spain
- Neuroimaging Unit,Technological Facilities. Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | | | - Daniah Trabzuni
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- GeneSTAR Research Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeroen Van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Van der Meer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein M J Van Donkelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kristel R Van Eijk
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Human Neurogenetics Unit, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo G M Van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Daan Van Rooij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher D Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Beverly G Windham
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Girma Woldehawariat
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christiane Wolf
- University of Wuerzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bing Xu
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alex Zijdenbos
- Biospective Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neelum T Aggarwal
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Lille University, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, France
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sampath Arepalli
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amelia A Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sandra Barral
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Diane M Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James T Becker
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University and Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre - Assessment and Better Care, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kazima B Bulayeva
- Department of Evolution and Genetics, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network and LBERI, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Christopher Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sven Cichon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Psychosis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, Spain
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Czisch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gareth E Davies
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eco J C De Geus
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University and Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Norman Delanty
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Neurology Division, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anita L DeStefano
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Allissa Dillman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics Centre (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Wayne C Drevets
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas D Dyer
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Susanne Erk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Denis A Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Iryna O Fedko
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University and Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Debra A Fleischman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Clyde Francks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - J Raphael Gibbs
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Randy L Gollub
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, North Carolina, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harald H H Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert C Green
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sebastian Guelfi
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Narelle K Hansell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katrin Hegenscheid
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Department of Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- HMNC Brain Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University and Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Robert Johnson
- NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ryota Kanai
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Araya Brain Imaging, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John B Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hervé Lemaître
- NSERM Unit 1000 ″Neuroimaging and Psychiatry″, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Maison de Solenn, Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine Department, APHP Hospital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dan L Longo
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Dementia Biomedical Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Martinez
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- NSERM Unit 1000 ″Neuroimaging and Psychiatry″, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Maison de Solenn, Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine Department, APHP Hospital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Venkata S Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mohnke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Derek W Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics Centre (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Statistics and Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Wiro J Niessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Informatics Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology and Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rene L Olvera
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tomas Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
- Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G Bruce Pike
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, Australia
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joshua L Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA
| | - Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Mina Ryten
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Austria, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Andy Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, Bucks, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- MRC Edinburgh Brain Bank, University of Edinburgh, Academic Department of Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neurocentre Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - David J Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jessika E Sussmann
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juan Troncoso
- Brain Resource Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Christophe Tzourio
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, UMR 5293, CEA, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Valdés Hernández
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Aad Van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nic J A Van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Neeltje E M Van Haren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Van T Ent
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University and Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Jose Van Tol
- Neuroimaging Centre, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas H Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael E Weale
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience and the Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tien Y Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Department of Evolution and Genetics, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clinton B Wright
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - H Ronald Zielke
- NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Anton J M De Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Intramural Research Program, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gunter Schumann
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Hoffmann FS, Hofereiter J, Rübsamen H, Melms J, Schwarz S, Faber H, Weber P, Pütz B, Loleit V, Weber F, Hohlfeld R, Meinl E, Krumbholz M. Fingolimod induces neuroprotective factors in human astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:184. [PMID: 26419927 PMCID: PMC4589103 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fingolimod (FTY720) is the first sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The phosphorylated active metabolite FTY720-phosphate (FTY-P) interferes with lymphocyte trafficking. In addition, it accumulates in the CNS and reduces brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS), and neuroprotective effects are hypothesized. Methods Human primary astrocytes as well as human astrocytoma cells were stimulated with FTY-P or S1P. We analyzed gene expression by a genome-wide microarray and validated induced candidate genes by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and ELISA. To identify the S1P-receptor subtypes involved, we applied a membrane-impermeable S1P analog (dihydro-S1P), receptor subtype specific agonists and antagonists, as well as RNAi silencing. Results FTY-P induced leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukin 11 (IL11), and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) mRNA, as well as secretion of LIF and IL11 protein. In order to mimic an inflammatory milieu as observed in active MS lesions, we combined FTY-P application with tumor necrosis factor (TNF). In the presence of this key inflammatory cytokine, FTY-P synergistically induced LIF, HBEGF, and IL11 mRNA, as well as secretion of LIF and IL11 protein. TNF itself induced inflammatory, B-cell promoting, and antiviral factors (CXCL10, BAFF, MX1, and OAS2). Their induction was blocked by FTY-P. After continuous exposure of cells to FTY-P or S1P for up to 7 days, the extent of induction of neurotrophic factors and the suppression of TNF-induced inflammatory genes declined but was still detectable. The induction of neurotrophic factors was mediated via surface S1P receptors 1 (S1PR1) and 3 (S1PR3). Conclusions We identified effects of FTY-P on astrocytes, namely induction of neurotrophic mediators (LIF, HBEGF, and IL11) and inhibition of TNF-induced inflammatory genes (CXCL10, BAFF, MX1, and OAS2). This supports the view that a part of the effects of fingolimod may be mediated via astrocytes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0393-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska S Hoffmann
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johann Hofereiter
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Heike Rübsamen
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Melms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Technical University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sigrid Schwarz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Technical University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Hans Faber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Peter Weber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Verena Loleit
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Frank Weber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Markus Krumbholz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Center of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Hennings J, Uhr M, Klengel T, Weber P, Pütz B, Touma C, Czamara D, Ising M, Holsboer F, Lucae S. RNA expression profiling in depressed patients suggests retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha as a biomarker for antidepressant response. Pharmacopsychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1557957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hennings J, Uhr M, Klengel T, Weber P, Pütz B, Touma C, Czamara D, Ising M, Holsboer F, Lucae S. RNA expression profiling in depressed patients suggests retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha as a biomarker for antidepressant response. Pharmacopsychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1558012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Brenndörfer J, Altmann A, Widner-Andrä R, Pütz B, Czamara D, Tilch E, Kam-Thong T, Weber P, Rex-Haffner M, Bettecken T, Bultmann A, Müller-Myhsok B, Binder EE, Landgraf R, Czibere L. Connecting Anxiety and Genomic Copy Number Variation: A Genome-Wide Analysis in CD-1 Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128465. [PMID: 26011321 PMCID: PMC4444327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in multiple psychiatric disorders, but not much is known about their influence on anxiety disorders specifically. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and two additional array-based genotyping approaches, we detected CNVs in a mouse model consisting of two inbred mouse lines showing high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior, respectively. An influence of CNVs on gene expression in the central (CeA) and basolateral (BLA) amygdala, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and cingulate cortex (Cg) was shown by a two-proportion Z-test (p = 1.6 x 10-31), with a positive correlation in the CeA (p = 0.0062), PVN (p = 0.0046) and Cg (p = 0.0114), indicating a contribution of CNVs to the genetic predisposition to trait anxiety in the specific context of HAB/LAB mice. In order to confirm anxiety-relevant CNVs and corresponding genes in a second mouse model, we further examined CD-1 outbred mice. We revealed the distribution of CNVs by genotyping 64 CD 1 individuals using a high-density genotyping array (Jackson Laboratory). 78 genes within those CNVs were identified to show nominally significant association (48 genes), or a statistical trend in their association (30 genes) with the time animals spent on the open arms of the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Fifteen of them were considered promising candidate genes of anxiety-related behavior as we could show a significant overlap (permutation test, p = 0.0051) with genes within HAB/LAB CNVs. Thus, here we provide what is to our knowledge the first extensive catalogue of CNVs in CD-1 mice and potential corresponding candidate genes linked to anxiety-related behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brenndörfer
- Department of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - André Altmann
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Widner-Andrä
- Department of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Pütz
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Erik Tilch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tony Kam-Thong
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Weber
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Affective Disorders, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Rex-Haffner
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Affective Disorders, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Bettecken
- Department of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Bultmann
- Department of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth E. Binder
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Affective Disorders, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Landgraf
- Department of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig Czibere
- Department of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Zaba M, Kirmeier T, Ionescu IA, Wollweber B, Buell DR, Gall-Kleebach DJ, Schubert CF, Novak B, Huber C, Köhler K, Holsboer F, Pütz B, Müller-Myhsok B, Höhne N, Uhr M, Ising M, Herrmann L, Schmidt U. Identification and characterization of HPA-axis reactivity endophenotypes in a cohort of female PTSD patients. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 55:102-15. [PMID: 25745955 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis in patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has hitherto produced inconsistent findings, inter alia in the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). To address these inconsistencies, we compared a sample of 23 female PTSD patients with either early life trauma (ELT) or adult trauma (AT) or combined ELT and AT to 18 age-matched non-traumatized female healthy controls in the TSST which was preceded by intensive baseline assessments. During the TSST, we determined a variety of clinical, psychological, endocrine and cardiovascular parameters as well as expression levels of four HPA-axis related genes. Using a previously reported definition of HPA-axis responsive versus non-responsive phenotypes, we identified for the first time two clinically and biologically distinct HPA-axis reactivity subgroups of PTSD. One subgroup ("non-responders") showed a blunted HPA-axis response and distinct clinical and biological characteristics such as a higher prevalence of trauma-related dissociative symptoms and of combined AT and ELT as well as alterations in the expression kinetics of the genes encoding for the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and for FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51). Interestingly, this non-responder subgroup largely drove the relatively diminished HPA axis response of the total cohort of PTSD patients. These findings are limited by the facts that the majority of patients was medicated, by the lack of traumatized controls and by the relatively small sample size. The here for the first time identified and characterized HPA-axis reactivity endophenotypes offer an explanation for the inconsistent reports on HPA-axis function in PTSD and, moreover, suggest that most likely other factors than HPA-axis reactivity play a decisive role in determination of PTSD core symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zaba
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirmeier
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Irina A Ionescu
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Bastian Wollweber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Dominik R Buell
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Dominique J Gall-Kleebach
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Christine F Schubert
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Bozidar Novak
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Christine Huber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Katharina Köhler
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Nina Höhne
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Manfred Uhr
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Leonie Herrmann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 München, Germany.
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18
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Hennings JM, Uhr M, Klengel T, Weber P, Pütz B, Touma C, Czamara D, Ising M, Holsboer F, Lucae S. RNA expression profiling in depressed patients suggests retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha as a biomarker for antidepressant response. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e538. [PMID: 25826113 PMCID: PMC4429173 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Response to antidepressant treatment is highly variable with some patients responding within a few weeks, whereas others have to wait for months until the onset of clinical effects. Gene expression profiling may be a tool to identify markers of antidepressant treatment response and new potential drug targets. In a first step, we selected 12 male, age- and severity-matched pairs of remitters and nonresponders, and analyzed expression profiles in peripheral blood at admission and after 2 and 5 weeks of treatment using Illumina expression arrays. We identified 127 transcripts significantly associated with treatment response with a minimal P-value of 9.41 × 10(-)(4) (false discovery rate-corrected). Analysis of selected transcripts in an independent replication sample of 142 depressed inpatients confirmed that lower expression of retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORa, P=6.23 × 10(-4)), germinal center expressed transcript 2 (GCET2, P=2.08 × 10(-2)) and chitinase 3-like protein 2 (CHI3L2, P=4.45 × 10(-2)) on admission were associated with beneficial treatment response. In addition, leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) significantly decreased after 5 weeks of treatment in responders (P=2.91 × 10(-2)). Additional genetic, in vivo stress responsitivity data and murine gene expression findings corroborate our finding of RORa as a transcriptional marker of antidepressant response. In summary, using a genome-wide transcriptomics approach and subsequent validation studies, we identified several transcripts including the circadian gene transcript RORa that may serve as biomarkers indicating antidepressant treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hennings
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany. E-mail:
| | - M Uhr
- Core Unit Biobanking and Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - T Klengel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - P Weber
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - B Pütz
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - C Touma
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - D Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - M Ising
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - F Holsboer
- Emeritus scientific member, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - S Lucae
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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19
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Hibar DP, Stein JL, Renteria ME, Arias-Vasquez A, Desrivières S, Jahanshad N, Toro R, Wittfeld K, Abramovic L, Andersson M, Aribisala BS, Armstrong NJ, Bernard M, Bohlken MM, Boks MP, Bralten J, Brown AA, Chakravarty MM, Chen Q, Ching CRK, Cuellar-Partida G, den Braber A, Giddaluru S, Goldman AL, Grimm O, Guadalupe T, Hass J, Woldehawariat G, Holmes AJ, Hoogman M, Janowitz D, Jia T, Kim S, Klein M, Kraemer B, Lee PH, Olde Loohuis LM, Luciano M, Macare C, Mather KA, Mattheisen M, Milaneschi Y, Nho K, Papmeyer M, Ramasamy A, Risacher SL, Roiz-Santiañez R, Rose EJ, Salami A, Sämann PG, Schmaal L, Schork AJ, Shin J, Strike LT, Teumer A, van Donkelaar MMJ, van Eijk KR, Walters RK, Westlye LT, Whelan CD, Winkler AM, Zwiers MP, Alhusaini S, Athanasiu L, Ehrlich S, Hakobjan MMH, Hartberg CB, Haukvik UK, Heister AJGAM, Hoehn D, Kasperaviciute D, Liewald DCM, Lopez LM, Makkinje RRR, Matarin M, Naber MAM, McKay DR, Needham M, Nugent AC, Pütz B, Royle NA, Shen L, Sprooten E, Trabzuni D, van der Marel SSL, van Hulzen KJE, Walton E, Wolf C, Almasy L, Ames D, Arepalli S, Assareh AA, Bastin ME, Brodaty H, Bulayeva KB, Carless MA, Cichon S, Corvin A, Curran JE, Czisch M, de Zubicaray GI, Dillman A, Duggirala R, Dyer TD, Erk S, Fedko IO, Ferrucci L, Foroud TM, Fox PT, Fukunaga M, Gibbs JR, Göring HHH, Green RC, Guelfi S, Hansell NK, Hartman CA, Hegenscheid K, Heinz A, Hernandez DG, Heslenfeld DJ, Hoekstra PJ, Holsboer F, Homuth G, Hottenga JJ, Ikeda M, Jack CR, Jenkinson M, Johnson R, Kanai R, Keil M, Kent JW, Kochunov P, Kwok JB, Lawrie SM, Liu X, Longo DL, McMahon KL, Meisenzahl E, Melle I, Mohnke S, Montgomery GW, Mostert JC, Mühleisen TW, Nalls MA, Nichols TE, Nilsson LG, Nöthen MM, Ohi K, Olvera RL, Perez-Iglesias R, Pike GB, Potkin SG, Reinvang I, Reppermund S, Rietschel M, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Rosen GD, Rujescu D, Schnell K, Schofield PR, Smith C, Steen VM, Sussmann JE, Thalamuthu A, Toga AW, Traynor BJ, Troncoso J, Turner JA, Valdés Hernández MC, van 't Ent D, van der Brug M, van der Wee NJA, van Tol MJ, Veltman DJ, Wassink TH, Westman E, Zielke RH, Zonderman AB, Ashbrook DG, Hager R, Lu L, McMahon FJ, Morris DW, Williams RW, Brunner HG, Buckner RL, Buitelaar JK, Cahn W, Calhoun VD, Cavalleri GL, Crespo-Facorro B, Dale AM, Davies GE, Delanty N, Depondt C, Djurovic S, Drevets WC, Espeseth T, Gollub RL, Ho BC, Hoffmann W, Hosten N, Kahn RS, Le Hellard S, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Müller-Myhsok B, Nauck M, Nyberg L, Pandolfo M, Penninx BWJH, Roffman JL, Sisodiya SM, Smoller JW, van Bokhoven H, van Haren NEM, Völzke H, Walter H, Weiner MW, Wen W, White T, Agartz I, Andreassen OA, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Brouwer RM, Cannon DM, Cookson MR, de Geus EJC, Deary IJ, Donohoe G, Fernández G, Fisher SE, Francks C, Glahn DC, Grabe HJ, Gruber O, Hardy J, Hashimoto R, Hulshoff Pol HE, Jönsson EG, Kloszewska I, Lovestone S, Mattay VS, Mecocci P, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, Ophoff RA, Paus T, Pausova Z, Ryten M, Sachdev PS, Saykin AJ, Simmons A, Singleton A, Soininen H, Wardlaw JM, Weale ME, Weinberger DR, Adams HHH, Launer LJ, Seiler S, Schmidt R, Chauhan G, Satizabal CL, Becker JT, Yanek L, van der Lee SJ, Ebling M, Fischl B, Longstreth WT, Greve D, Schmidt H, Nyquist P, Vinke LN, van Duijn CM, Xue L, Mazoyer B, Bis JC, Gudnason V, Seshadri S, Ikram MA, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Schumann G, Franke B, Thompson PM, Medland SE. Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures. Nature 2015; 520:224-9. [PMID: 25607358 DOI: 10.1038/nature14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The highly complex structure of the human brain is strongly shaped by genetic influences. Subcortical brain regions form circuits with cortical areas to coordinate movement, learning, memory and motivation, and altered circuits can lead to abnormal behaviour and disease. To investigate how common genetic variants affect the structure of these brain regions, here we conduct genome-wide association studies of the volumes of seven subcortical regions and the intracranial volume derived from magnetic resonance images of 30,717 individuals from 50 cohorts. We identify five novel genetic variants influencing the volumes of the putamen and caudate nucleus. We also find stronger evidence for three loci with previously established influences on hippocampal volume and intracranial volume. These variants show specific volumetric effects on brain structures rather than global effects across structures. The strongest effects were found for the putamen, where a novel intergenic locus with replicable influence on volume (rs945270; P = 1.08 × 10(-33); 0.52% variance explained) showed evidence of altering the expression of the KTN1 gene in both brain and blood tissue. Variants influencing putamen volume clustered near developmental genes that regulate apoptosis, axon guidance and vesicle transport. Identification of these genetic variants provides insight into the causes of variability in human brain development, and may help to determine mechanisms of neuropsychiatric dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrek P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging &Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - Jason L Stein
- 1] Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging &Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA. [2] Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [3] Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [4] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging &Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - Roberto Toro
- 1] Laboratory of Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France. [2] Centre Nationale de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité de Recherche Associée (URA) 2182 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France. [3] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75015, France
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- 1] German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald 17487, Germany. [2] Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Lucija Abramovic
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Benjamin S Aribisala
- 1] Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. [2] Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria. [3] Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- 1] Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia. [2] School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Manon Bernard
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Marc M Bohlken
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Marco P Boks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [3] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew A Brown
- 1] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0316, Norway. [2] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- 1] Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal H4H 1R3, Canada. [2] Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- 1] Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging &Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA. [2] Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - Anouk den Braber
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam &EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- 1] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway. [2] Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Aaron L Goldman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Tulio Guadalupe
- 1] Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands. [2] International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Hass
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden 01307 Germany
| | - Girma Woldehawariat
- Human Genetics Branch and Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Avram J Holmes
- 1] Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA. [2] Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Martine Hoogman
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Tianye Jia
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sungeun Kim
- 1] Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. [2] Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. [3] Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Marieke Klein
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Kraemer
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Phil H Lee
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts 02141, USA. [4] Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Christine Macare
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- 1] Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark. [2] The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen DK-8000, Denmark. [3] Center for integrated Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 HL, The Netherlands
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- 1] Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. [2] Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. [3] Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Martina Papmeyer
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- 1] Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK. [2] Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- 1] Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. [2] Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Roberto Roiz-Santiañez
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander 39008, Spain. [2] Cibersam (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Emma J Rose
- 1] Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group and Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. [2] Center for Translational Research on Adversity, Neurodevelopment and Substance Abuse (C-TRANS), Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21045, USA
| | - Alireza Salami
- 1] Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden. [2] Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lianne Schmaal
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 HL, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Schork
- 1] Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA. [2] Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92161, USA
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lachlan T Strike
- 1] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia. [2] School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia. [3] Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Marjolein M J van Donkelaar
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel R van Eijk
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond K Walters
- 1] Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. [2] Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Lars T Westlye
- 1] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway. [2] Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway
| | - Christopher D Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging &Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- 1] The Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. [2] Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Saud Alhusaini
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- 1] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0316, Norway. [2] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- 1] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden 01307 Germany. [2] Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] The Athinoula A.Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Marina M H Hakobjan
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilie B Hartberg
- 1] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0316, Norway. [2] Department of Psychiatric Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo 0319, Norway
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0316, Norway
| | - Angelien J G A M Heister
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - David Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Dalia Kasperaviciute
- 1] UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, London WC1N 3BG, UK. [2] Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - David C M Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Lorna M Lopez
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Remco R R Makkinje
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Mar Matarin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Marlies A M Naber
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - D Reese McKay
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA. [2] Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, USA
| | - Margaret Needham
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group and Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Allison C Nugent
- Human Genetics Branch and Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Natalie A Royle
- 1] Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. [2] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK. [3] Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Li Shen
- 1] Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. [2] Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. [3] Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Emma Sprooten
- 1] Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK. [2] Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA. [3] Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, USA
| | - Daniah Trabzuni
- 1] Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK. [2] Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saskia S L van der Marel
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Kimm J E van Hulzen
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden 01307 Germany
| | | | - Laura Almasy
- 1] Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA. [2] University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - David Ames
- 1] National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia. [2] Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3101, Australia
| | - Sampath Arepalli
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Amelia A Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Mark E Bastin
- 1] Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. [2] Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. [3] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK. [4] Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Kazima B Bulayeva
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | | | - Sven Cichon
- 1] Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland. [2] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, D-53127, Germany. [3] Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany. [4] Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53127, Germany
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group and Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA
| | - Michael Czisch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | | | - Allissa Dillman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA
| | - Thomas D Dyer
- 1] Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA. [2] University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Susanne Erk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Iryna O Fedko
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam &EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- 1] Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. [2] Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- 1] University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA. [2] South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Biofunctional Imaging, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - J Raphael Gibbs
- 1] Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK. [2] Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3101, Australia
| | | | - Robert C Green
- 1] Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sebastian Guelfi
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Hegenscheid
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53127, Germany
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- 1] Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK. [2] Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3101, Australia
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Departments of Cognitive and Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam &EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | | | | | - Robert Johnson
- NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Ryota Kanai
- 1] School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK. [2] Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Maria Keil
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Jack W Kent
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - John B Kwok
- 1] Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney 2031, Australia. [2] School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Xinmin Liu
- 1] Human Genetics Branch and Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. [2] Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10032, USA
| | - Dan L Longo
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Eva Meisenzahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Ingrid Melle
- 1] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0316, Norway. [2] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Sebastian Mohnke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | | | - Jeanette C Mostert
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, D-53127, Germany. [2] Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, D-52425, Germany. [3] Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53127, Germany
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- 1] FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. [2] Department of Statistics &WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Lars G Nilsson
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, D-53127, Germany. [2] Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53127, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Rocio Perez-Iglesias
- 1] Cibersam (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Madrid 28029, Spain. [2] Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - G Bruce Pike
- 1] Department of Neurology, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 2T9, Canada. [2] Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Glenn D Rosen
- 1] Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. [2] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Knut Schnell
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69115, Germany
| | - Peter R Schofield
- 1] Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney 2031, Australia. [2] School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Colin Smith
- Department of Neuropathology, MRC Sudden Death Brain Bank Project, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Vidar M Steen
- 1] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway. [2] Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Jessika E Sussmann
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Juan Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | | | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam &EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Psychiatry and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Jose van Tol
- Neuroimaging Centre, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AW, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 HL, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-141 83, Sweden
| | - Ronald H Zielke
- NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Behavioral Epidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David G Ashbrook
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Reinmar Hager
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lu Lu
- 1] Center for Integrative and Translational Genomics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA. [2] Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA. [3] Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch and Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Derek W Morris
- 1] Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group and Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. [2] Cognitive Genetics and Therapy Group, School of Psychology &Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert W Williams
- 1] Center for Integrative and Translational Genomics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA. [2] Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Han G Brunner
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands. [3] Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Randy L Buckner
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- 1] Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands. [3] Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- 1] The Mind Research Network &LBERI, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA. [2] Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging &Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander 39008, Spain. [2] Cibersam (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Anders M Dale
- 1] Center for Translational Imaging and Personalized Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA. [2] Departments of Neurosciences, Radiology, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Gareth E Davies
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57108, USA
| | - Norman Delanty
- 1] Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, The Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin 2, Ireland. [2] Neurology Division, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- 1] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0316, Norway. [2] Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0450, Norway
| | - Wayne C Drevets
- 1] Human Genetics Branch and Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. [2] Janssen Research &Development, Johnson &Johnson, Titusville, New Jersey 08560, USA
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- 1] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway. [2] Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway
| | - Randy L Gollub
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] The Athinoula A.Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA. [3] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- 1] German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald 17487, Germany. [2] Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - René S Kahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- 1] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway. [2] Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- 1] Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany. [2] Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany. [3] University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 HL, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua L Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts 02141, USA. [4] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Tonya White
- 1] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands. [2] Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- 1] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0316, Norway. [2] Department of Psychiatric Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo 0319, Norway. [3] Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- 1] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0316, Norway. [2] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - John Blangero
- 1] Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA. [2] University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam &EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Dara M Cannon
- 1] Human Genetics Branch and Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. [2] Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam &EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University &VU Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Gary Donohoe
- 1] Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group and Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. [2] Cognitive Genetics and Therapy Group, School of Psychology &Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Guillén Fernández
- 1] Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Simon E Fisher
- 1] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands. [2] Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands
| | - Clyde Francks
- 1] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands. [2] Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands
| | - David C Glahn
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA. [2] Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany. [2] Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hospital Stralsund 18435, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- 1] Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen 37075, Germany. [2] Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- 1] NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0316, Norway. [2] Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | | | - Simon Lovestone
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK. [2] NIHR Dementia Biomedical Research Unit, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Venkata S Mattay
- 1] Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. [2] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06156, Italy
| | - Colm McDonald
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- 1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK. [2] Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- 1] Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands. [2] Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Tomas Paus
- 1] Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto M6A 2E1, Canada. [2] Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- 1] The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada. [2] Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Mina Ryten
- 1] Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK. [2] Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- 1] Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia. [2] Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- 1] Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. [2] Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. [3] Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Andy Simmons
- 1] Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK. [2] Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK. [3] Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- 1] Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland. [2] Neurocentre Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- 1] Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. [2] Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. [3] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK. [4] Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Michael E Weale
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- 1] Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. [2] Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience and the Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- 1] Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands. [2] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Stephan Seiler
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Ganesh Chauhan
- INSERM U897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- 1] Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. [2] Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
| | - James T Becker
- 1] Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA. [2] Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA. [3] Department of Psychology, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Lisa Yanek
- General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Maritza Ebling
- 1] The Athinoula A.Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA. [2] Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- 1] The Athinoula A.Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA. [2] Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. [3] Computer Science and AI Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Neurology University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Douglas Greve
- 1] The Athinoula A.Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA. [2] Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Paul Nyquist
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Louis N Vinke
- 1] The Athinoula A.Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA. [2] Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Luting Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, UMR5296 CNRS, CEA and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- 1] Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. [2] Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- 1] Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands. [2] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Margaret J Wright
- 1] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia. [2] School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Gunter Schumann
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Barbara Franke
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [2] Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. [3] Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging &Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia
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Kim S, Becker J, Bechheim M, Kaiser V, Noursadeghi M, Fricker N, Beier E, Klaschik S, Boor P, Hess T, Hofmann A, Holdenrieder S, Wendland JR, Fröhlich H, Hartmann G, Nöthen MM, Müller-Myhsok B, Pütz B, Hornung V, Schumacher J. Characterizing the genetic basis of innate immune response in TLR4-activated human monocytes. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5236. [PMID: 25327457 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in innate immunity. Apart from their function in host defense, dysregulation in TLR signalling can confer risk to autoimmune diseases, septic shock or cancer. Here we report genetic variants and transcripts that are active only during TLR signalling and contribute to interindividual differences in immune response. Comparing unstimulated versus TLR4-stimulated monocytes reveals 1,471 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) that are unique to TLR4 stimulation. Among these we find functional SNPs for the expression of NEU4, CCL14, CBX3 and IRF5 on TLR4 activation. Furthermore, we show that SNPs conferring risk to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease are immune response eQTLs for PDGFB and IL18R1. Thus, PDGFB and IL18R1 represent plausible candidates for studying the pathophysiology of these disorders in the context of TLR4 activation. In summary, this study presents novel insights into the genetic basis of the innate immune response and exemplifies the value of eQTL studies in the context of exogenous cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany [3] Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Matthias Bechheim
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Vera Kaiser
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nadine Fricker
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Esther Beier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Sven Klaschik
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology and Department of Nephrology, University Clinic of RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Andrea Hofmann
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Jens R Wendland
- Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Holger Fröhlich
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT (B-IT), University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- 1] Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany [2] Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 80804, Germany [3] Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Benno Pütz
- Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
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21
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Thompson PM, Stein JL, Medland SE, Hibar DP, Vasquez AA, Renteria ME, Toro R, Jahanshad N, Schumann G, Franke B, Wright MJ, Martin NG, Agartz I, Alda M, Alhusaini S, Almasy L, Almeida J, Alpert K, Andreasen NC, Andreassen OA, Apostolova LG, Appel K, Armstrong NJ, Aribisala B, Bastin ME, Bauer M, Bearden CE, Bergmann Ø, Binder EB, Blangero J, Bockholt HJ, Bøen E, Bois C, Boomsma DI, Booth T, Bowman IJ, Bralten J, Brouwer RM, Brunner HG, Brohawn DG, Buckner RL, Buitelaar J, Bulayeva K, Bustillo JR, Calhoun VD, Cannon DM, Cantor RM, Carless MA, Caseras X, Cavalleri GL, Chakravarty MM, Chang KD, Ching CRK, Christoforou A, Cichon S, Clark VP, Conrod P, Coppola G, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Czisch M, Deary IJ, de Geus EJC, den Braber A, Delvecchio G, Depondt C, de Haan L, de Zubicaray GI, Dima D, Dimitrova R, Djurovic S, Dong H, Donohoe G, Duggirala R, Dyer TD, Ehrlich S, Ekman CJ, Elvsåshagen T, Emsell L, Erk S, Espeseth T, Fagerness J, Fears S, Fedko I, Fernández G, Fisher SE, Foroud T, Fox PT, Francks C, Frangou S, Frey EM, Frodl T, Frouin V, Garavan H, Giddaluru S, Glahn DC, Godlewska B, Goldstein RZ, Gollub RL, Grabe HJ, Grimm O, Gruber O, Guadalupe T, Gur RE, Gur RC, Göring HHH, Hagenaars S, Hajek T, Hall GB, Hall J, Hardy J, Hartman CA, Hass J, Hatton SN, Haukvik UK, Hegenscheid K, Heinz A, Hickie IB, Ho BC, Hoehn D, Hoekstra PJ, Hollinshead M, Holmes AJ, Homuth G, Hoogman M, Hong LE, Hosten N, Hottenga JJ, Hulshoff Pol HE, Hwang KS, Jack CR, Jenkinson M, Johnston C, Jönsson EG, Kahn RS, Kasperaviciute D, Kelly S, Kim S, Kochunov P, Koenders L, Krämer B, Kwok JBJ, Lagopoulos J, Laje G, Landen M, Landman BA, Lauriello J, Lawrie SM, Lee PH, Le Hellard S, Lemaître H, Leonardo CD, Li CS, Liberg B, Liewald DC, Liu X, Lopez LM, Loth E, Lourdusamy A, Luciano M, Macciardi F, Machielsen MWJ, MacQueen GM, Malt UF, Mandl R, Manoach DS, Martinot JL, Matarin M, Mather KA, Mattheisen M, Mattingsdal M, Meyer-Lindenberg A, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, McMahon FJ, McMahon KL, Meisenzahl E, Melle I, Milaneschi Y, Mohnke S, Montgomery GW, Morris DW, Moses EK, Mueller BA, Muñoz Maniega S, Mühleisen TW, Müller-Myhsok B, Mwangi B, Nauck M, Nho K, Nichols TE, Nilsson LG, Nugent AC, Nyberg L, Olvera RL, Oosterlaan J, Ophoff RA, Pandolfo M, Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou M, Papmeyer M, Paus T, Pausova Z, Pearlson GD, Penninx BW, Peterson CP, Pfennig A, Phillips M, Pike GB, Poline JB, Potkin SG, Pütz B, Ramasamy A, Rasmussen J, Rietschel M, Rijpkema M, Risacher SL, Roffman JL, Roiz-Santiañez R, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Rose EJ, Royle NA, Rujescu D, Ryten M, Sachdev PS, Salami A, Satterthwaite TD, Savitz J, Saykin AJ, Scanlon C, Schmaal L, Schnack HG, Schork AJ, Schulz SC, Schür R, Seidman L, Shen L, Shoemaker JM, Simmons A, Sisodiya SM, Smith C, Smoller JW, Soares JC, Sponheim SR, Sprooten E, Starr JM, Steen VM, Strakowski S, Strike L, Sussmann J, Sämann PG, Teumer A, Toga AW, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Trabzuni D, Trost S, Turner J, Van den Heuvel M, van der Wee NJ, van Eijk K, van Erp TGM, van Haren NEM, van ‘t Ent D, van Tol MJ, Valdés Hernández MC, Veltman DJ, Versace A, Völzke H, Walker R, Walter H, Wang L, Wardlaw JM, Weale ME, Weiner MW, Wen W, Westlye LT, Whalley HC, Whelan CD, White T, Winkler AM, Wittfeld K, Woldehawariat G, Wolf C, Zilles D, Zwiers MP, Thalamuthu A, Schofield PR, Freimer NB, Lawrence NS, Drevets W. The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data. Brain Imaging Behav 2014; 8:153-82. [PMID: 24399358 PMCID: PMC4008818 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-013-9269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Jason L. Stein
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Netherlands
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Quantitative Genetics, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Derrek P. Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel E. Renteria
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Quantitative Genetics, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roberto Toro
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 ‘Genes, synapses and cognition’, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Gunter Schumann
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret J. Wright
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Neuroimaging Genetics, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Genetic Epidemiology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Saud Alhusaini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Neurology and NeuroSurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Jorge Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Kathryn Alpert
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liana G. Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Katja Appel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicola J. Armstrong
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Benjamin Aribisala
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Scotland, UK
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E. Bastin
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, UK
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and the Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ørjan Bergmann
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | | | - Erlend Bøen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine Bois
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO + Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Booth
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J. Bowman
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Han G. Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David G. Brohawn
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kazima Bulayeva
- N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkin str. 3, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Juan R. Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Dara M. Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rita M. Cantor
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Melanie A. Carless
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gianpiero L. Cavalleri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- The Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Laboratory, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kiki D. Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent P. Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Patricia Conrod
- CHU Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC Canada
- Addictions Department, King’s Health Partners, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and the Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IFIMAV, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | | | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO + Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- EMGO + Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Danai Dima
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Rali Dimitrova
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hongwei Dong
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Thomas D. Dyer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- MGH/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA
- University Hospital C.G. Carus, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carl Johan Ekman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louise Emsell
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Susanne Erk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitè Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jesen Fagerness
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Scott Fears
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and the Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Iryna Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6500 AH Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care Center, San Antonio, TX USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Clyde Francks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6500 AH Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Psychosis Research Unit, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Eva Maria Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Trinity College, University Dublin, Dublin, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Paris, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, UHC University of Vermont, Bergen, VT USA
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - David C. Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | | | - Rita Z. Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Randy L. Gollub
- MGH/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tulio Guadalupe
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6500 AH Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Harald H. H. Göring
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Saskia Hagenaars
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Geoffrey B. Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute, London, UK
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Hass
- University Hospital C.G. Carus, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sean N. Hatton
- The Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Unn K. Haukvik
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrin Hegenscheid
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitè Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- The Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - David Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marisa Hollinshead
- MGH/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- MGH/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kristy S. Hwang
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester Hills, MI USA
| | | | - Mark Jenkinson
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caroline Johnston
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - René S. Kahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dalia Kasperaviciute
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Laura Koenders
- EMGO + Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - John B. J. Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- The Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gonzalo Laje
- Maryland Institute for Neuroscience and Development (MIND), Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - Mikael Landen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - John Lauriello
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Stephen M. Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Phil H. Lee
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Herve Lemaître
- Research Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, INSERM-CEA-Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud University-Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn Paris, SHFJ Orsay, Paris, France
| | - Cassandra D. Leonardo
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Chiang-shan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Benny Liberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David C. Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Section, Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Dept of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Lorna M. Lopez
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eva Loth
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Glenda M. MacQueen
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Ulrik F. Malt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - René Mandl
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dara S. Manoach
- MGH/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Research Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, INSERM-CEA-Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud University-Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn Paris, SHFJ Orsay, Paris, France
| | - Mar Matarin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Karen A. Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Morten Mattingsdal
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Unit, Sorlandet Hospital HF, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Colm McDonald
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Francis J. McMahon
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Section, Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Dept of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Katie L. McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- EMGO + Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Sebastian Mohnke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitè Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eric K. Moses
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Bryon A. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Scotland, UK
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas W. Mühleisen
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX USA
- University of Texas Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, UT Medical School, Houston, TX USA
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Thomas E. Nichols
- Department of Statistics & Warwick Manufacturing Group, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Lars-Göran Nilsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Brain Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Allison C. Nugent
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rene L. Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Martina Papmeyer
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tomas Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Brenda W. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO + Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles P. Peterson
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mary Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - G. Bruce Pike
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Jean-Baptiste Poline
- Hellen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Brain Imaging Center, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jerod Rasmussen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Joshua L. Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Roberto Roiz-Santiañez
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IFIMAV, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitè Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emma J. Rose
- Transdisciplinary and Translational Prevention Program, RTI International, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Natalie A. Royle
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, UK
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Alireza Salami
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK USA
- Faculty of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Cathy Scanlon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo G. Schnack
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - S. Charles Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Remmelt Schür
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Larry Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Li Shen
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | | | - Andrew Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sanjay M. Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jair C. Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX USA
| | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephen Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Lachlan Strike
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jessika Sussmann
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Alexander Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IFIMAV, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniah Trabzuni
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute, London, UK
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Trost
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Turner
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | - Nic J. van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel van Eijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | | | - Dennis van ‘t Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Jose van Tol
- Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C. Valdés Hernández
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, UK
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amelia Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Walker
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitè Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Scotland, UK
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael E. Weale
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- Departments of Radiology, Medicine, Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heather C. Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher D. Whelan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anderson M. Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Girma Woldehawariat
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Section, Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Dept of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - David Zilles
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University NijmegenDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nelson B. Freimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | - Wayne Drevets
- Janssen Research & Development, of Johnson & Johnson, Inc., 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ 08560 USA
| | - the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, EPIGEN Consortium, IMAGEN Consortium, Saguenay Youth Study (SYS) Group
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 ‘Genes, synapses and cognition’, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Scotland, UK
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM USA
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkin str. 3, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- The Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Laboratory, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IFIMAV, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- MGH/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA
- University Hospital C.G. Carus, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitè Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6500 AH Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Imaging Institute, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care Center, San Antonio, TX USA
- Neurospin, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute, London, UK
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Section, Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Dept of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Research Unit, Sorlandet Hospital HF, Kristiansand, Norway
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, UK
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Departments of Radiology, Medicine, Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University NijmegenDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- The Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department Early Psychosis, Academic Psychiatric Centre, AMC, UvA, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- EMGO + Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cognitive Science Department, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurology and NeuroSurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX USA
- University of Texas Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, UT Medical School, Houston, TX USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and the Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD USA
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
- Psychosis Research Unit, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Trinity College, University Dublin, Dublin, Germany
- Stockholm Brain Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
- Department of Statistics & Warwick Manufacturing Group, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
- Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Faculty of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
- Maryland Institute for Neuroscience and Development (MIND), Chevy Chase, MD USA
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW Australia
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester Hills, MI USA
- CHU Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC Canada
- Addictions Department, King’s Health Partners, King’s College London, London, UK
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX USA
- Research Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, INSERM-CEA-Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud University-Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn Paris, SHFJ Orsay, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Hellen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Brain Imaging Center, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
- Transdisciplinary and Translational Prevention Program, RTI International, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
- Advanced Biomedical Informatics Group, llc., Iowa City, IA USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Netherlands
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Quantitative Genetics, Brisbane, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Genetic Epidemiology, Brisbane, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Neuroimaging Genetics, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Dr. E. Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, UHC University of Vermont, Bergen, VT USA
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Janssen Research & Development, of Johnson & Johnson, Inc., 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ 08560 USA
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Kloiber S, Ripke S, Kohli MA, Reppermund S, Salyakina D, Uher R, McGuffin P, Perlis RH, Hamilton SP, Pütz B, Hennings J, Brückl T, Klengel T, Bettecken T, Ising M, Uhr M, Dose T, Unschuld PG, Zihl J, Binder E, Müller-Myhsok B, Holsboer F, Lucae S. Resistance to antidepressant treatment is associated with polymorphisms in the leptin gene, decreased leptin mRNA expression, and decreased leptin serum levels. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:653-62. [PMID: 23026132 PMCID: PMC4221661 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Leptin, a peptide hormone from adipose tissue and key player in weight regulation, has been suggested to be involved in sleep and cognition and to exert antidepressant-like effects, presumably via its action on the HPA-axis and hippocampal function. This led us to investigate whether genetic variants in the leptin gene, the level of leptin mRNA-expression and leptin serum concentrations are associated with response to antidepressant treatment. Our sample consisted of inpatients from the Munich Antidepressant Response Signature (MARS) project with weekly Hamilton Depression ratings, divided into two subsamples. In the exploratory sample (n=251) 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the leptin gene region were genotyped. We found significant associations of several SNPs with impaired antidepressant treatment outcome and impaired cognitive performance after correction for multiple testing. The SNP (rs10487506) showing the highest association with treatment response (p=3.9×10(-5)) was analyzed in the replication sample (n=358) and the association could be verified (p=0.021) with response to tricyclic antidepressants. In an additional meta-analysis combining results from the MARS study with data from the Genome-based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression (GENDEP) and the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR(⁎)D) studies, nominal associations of several polymorphisms in the upstream vicinity of rs10487506 with treatment outcome were detected (p=0.001). In addition, we determined leptin mRNA expression in lymphocytes and leptin serum levels in subsamples of the MARS study. Unfavorable treatment outcome was accompanied with decreased leptin mRNA and leptin serum levels. Our results suggest an involvement of leptin in antidepressant action and cognitive function in depression with genetic polymorphisms in the leptin gene, decreased leptin gene expression and leptin deficiency in serum being risk factors for resistance to antidepressant therapy in depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kloiber
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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23
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Webhofer C, Gormanns P, Reckow S, Lebar M, Maccarrone G, Ludwig T, Pütz B, Asara JM, Holsboer F, Sillaber I, Zieglgänsberger W, Turck CW. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals time-dependent changes in hippocampal metabolism upon paroxetine treatment and biomarker candidates. J Psychiatr Res 2013. [PMID: 23207114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Most of the commonly used antidepressants block monoamine reuptake transporters to enhance serotonergic or noradrenergic neurotransmission. Effects besides or downstream of monoamine reuptake inhibition are poorly understood and yet presumably important for the drugs' mode of action. In the present study we aimed at identifying hippocampal cellular pathway alterations in DBA/2 mice using paroxetine as a representative Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI). Furthermore we identified biomarker candidates for the assessment of antidepressant treatment effects in plasma. Hippocampal protein levels were compared between chronic paroxetine- and vehicle-treated animals using in vivo(15)N metabolic labeling combined with mass spectrometry. We also studied the time course of metabolite level changes in hippocampus and plasma using a targeted polar metabolomics profiling platform. In silico pathway analyses revealed profound alterations related to hippocampal energy metabolism. Glycolytic metabolite levels acutely increased while Krebs cycle metabolite levels decreased upon chronic treatment. Changes in energy metabolism were influenced by altered glycogen metabolism rather than by altered glycolytic or Krebs cycle enzyme levels. Increased energy levels were reflected by an increased ATP/ADP ratio and by increased ratios of high-to-low energy purines and pyrimidines. In the course of our analyses we also identified myo-inositol as a biomarker candidate for the assessment of antidepressant treatment effects in the periphery. This study defines the cellular response to paroxetine treatment at the proteome and metabolome levels in the hippocampus of DBA/2 mice and suggests novel SSRI modes of action that warrant consideration in antidepressant development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Webhofer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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24
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Pütz B, Kam-Thong T, Karbalai N, Altmann A, Müller-Myhsok B. Cost-effective GPU-grid for genome-wide epistasis calculations. Methods Inf Med 2012; 52:91-5. [PMID: 23223640 DOI: 10.3414/me11-02-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until recently, genotype studies were limited to the investigation of single SNP effects due to the computational burden incurred when studying pairwise interactions of SNPs. However, some genetic effects as simple as coloring (in plants and animals) cannot be ascribed to a single locus but only understood when epistasis is taken into account [1]. It is expected that such effects are also found in complex diseases where many genes contribute to the clinical outcome of affected individuals. Only recently have such problems become feasible computationally. OBJECTIVES The inherently parallel structure of the problem makes it a perfect candidate for massive parallelization on either grid or cloud architectures. Since we are also dealing with confidential patient data, we were not able to consider a cloud-based solution but had to find a way to process the data in-house and aimed to build a local GPU-based grid structure. METHODS Sequential epistatsis calculations were ported to GPU using CUDA at various levels. Parallelization on the CPU was compared to corresponding GPU counterparts with regards to performance and cost. RESULTS A cost-effective solution was created by combining custom-built nodes equipped with relatively inexpensive consumer-level graphics cards with highly parallel GPUs in a local grid. The GPU method outperforms current cluster-based systems on a price/performance criterion, as a single GPU shows speed performance comparable up to 200 CPU cores. CONCLUSION The outlined approach will work for problems that easily lend themselves to massive parallelization. Code for various tasks has been made available and ongoing development of tools will further ease the transition from sequential to parallel algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pütz
- MPI of Psychiatry, Statistical Genetics,Munich, Germany.
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25
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Gonik M, Frank E, Keßler MS, Czamara D, Bunck M, Yen YC, Pütz B, Holsboer F, Bettecken T, Landgraf R, Müller-Myhsok B, Touma C, Czibere L. The endocrine stress response is linked to one specific locus on chromosome 3 in a mouse model based on extremes in trait anxiety. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:579. [PMID: 23114097 PMCID: PMC3557225 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is essential to control physiological stress responses in mammals. Its dysfunction is related to several mental disorders, including anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to identify genetic loci underlying the endocrine regulation of the HPA axis. Method High (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behaviour mice were established by selective inbreeding of outbred CD-1 mice to model extremes in trait anxiety. Additionally, HAB vs. LAB mice exhibit comorbid characteristics including a differential corticosterone response upon stress exposure. We crossbred HAB and LAB lines to create F1 and F2 offspring. To identify the contribution of the endocrine phenotypes to the total phenotypic variance, we examined multiple behavioural paradigms together with corticosterone secretion-based phenotypes in F2 mice by principal component analysis. Further, to pinpoint the genomic loci of the quantitative trait of the HPA axis stress response, we conducted genome-wide multipoint oligogenic linkage analyses based on Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo approach as well as parametric linkage in three-generation pedigrees, followed by a two-dimensional scan for epistasis and association analysis in freely segregating F2 mice using 267 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which were identified to consistently differ between HAB and LAB mice as genetic markers. Results HPA axis reactivity measurements and behavioural phenotypes were represented by independent principal components and demonstrated no correlation. Based on this finding, we identified one single quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 3 showing a very strong evidence for linkage (2ln (L-score) > 10, LOD > 23) and significant association (lowest Bonferroni adjusted p < 10-28) to the neuroendocrine stress response. The location of the linkage peak was estimated at 42.3 cM (95% confidence interval: 41.3 - 43.3 cM) and was shown to be in epistasis (p-adjusted < 0.004) with the locus at 35.3 cM on the same chromosome. The QTL harbours genes involved in steroid synthesis and cardiovascular effects. Conclusion The very prominent effect on stress-induced corticosterone secretion of the genomic locus on chromosome 3 and its involvement in epistasis highlights the critical role of this specific locus in the regulation of the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Gonik
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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26
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Kam-Thong T, Azencott CA, Cayton L, Pütz B, Altmann A, Karbalai N, Sämann PG, Schölkopf B, Müller-Myhsok B, Borgwardt KM. GLIDE: GPU-based linear regression for detection of epistasis. Hum Hered 2012; 73:220-36. [PMID: 22965145 DOI: 10.1159/000341885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to recent advances in genotyping technologies, mapping phenotypes to single loci in the genome has become a standard technique in statistical genetics. However, one-locus mapping fails to explain much of the phenotypic variance in complex traits. Here, we present GLIDE, which maps phenotypes to pairs of genetic loci and systematically searches for the epistatic interactions expected to reveal part of this missing heritability. GLIDE makes use of the computational power of consumer-grade graphics cards to detect such interactions via linear regression. This enabled us to conduct a systematic two-locus mapping study on seven disease data sets from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium and on in-house hippocampal volume data in 6 h per data set, while current single CPU-based approaches require more than a year's time to complete the same task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Kam-Thong
- Machine Learning and Computational Biology Research Group, Max Planck Institutes Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Wefers B, Hitz C, Hölter SM, Trümbach D, Hansen J, Weber P, Pütz B, Deussing JM, de Angelis MH, Roenneberg T, Zheng F, Alzheimer C, Silva A, Wurst W, Kühn R. MAPK signaling determines anxiety in the juvenile mouse brain but depression-like behavior in adults. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35035. [PMID: 22529971 PMCID: PMC3329550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MAP kinase signaling has been implicated in brain development, long-term memory, and the response to antidepressants. Inducible Braf knockout mice, which exhibit protein depletion in principle forebrain neurons, enabled us to unravel a new role of neuronal MAPK signaling for emotional behavior. Braf mice that were induced during adulthood showed normal anxiety but increased depression-like behavior, in accordance with pharmacological findings. In contrast, the inducible or constitutive inactivation of Braf in the juvenile brain leads to normal depression-like behavior but decreased anxiety in adults. In juvenile, constitutive mutants we found no alteration of GABAergic neurotransmission but reduced neuronal arborization in the dentate gyrus. Analysis of gene expression in the hippocampus revealed nine downregulated MAPK target genes that represent candidates to cause the mutant phenotype. Our results reveal the differential function of MAPK signaling in juvenile and adult life phases and emphasize the early postnatal period as critical for the determination of anxiety in adults. Moreover, these results validate inducible gene inactivation as a new valuable approach, allowing it to discriminate between gene function in the adult and the developing postnatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Wefers
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Hitz
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine M. Hölter
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Hansen
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Weber
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Pütz
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M. Deussing
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, GmbH, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fang Zheng
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alcino Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, Technical University München-Weihenstephan, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V. (DZNE) Site Munich, München, Germany
| | - Ralf Kühn
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, Technical University München-Weihenstephan, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
MOTIVATION In recent years, numerous genome-wide association studies have been conducted to identify genetic makeup that explains phenotypic differences observed in human population. Analytical tests on single loci are readily available and embedded in common genome analysis software toolset. The search for significant epistasis (gene-gene interactions) still poses as a computational challenge for modern day computing systems, due to the large number of hypotheses that have to be tested. RESULTS In this article, we present an approach to epistasis detection by exhaustive testing of all possible SNP pairs. The search strategy based on the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion can help delineate various forms of statistical dependence between the genetic markers and the phenotype. The actual implementation of this search is done on the highly parallelized architecture available on graphics processing units rendering the completion of the full search feasible within a day. AVAILABILITY The program is available at http://www.mpipsykl.mpg.de/epigpuhsic/. CONTACT tony@mpipsykl.mpg.de.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Kam-Thong
- Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
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Mehta D, Gonik M, Klengel T, Rex-Haffner M, Menke A, Rubel J, Mercer KB, Pütz B, Bradley B, Holsboer F, Ressler KJ, Müller-Myhsok B, Binder EB. Using polymorphisms in FKBP5 to define biologically distinct subtypes of posttraumatic stress disorder: evidence from endocrine and gene expression studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 68:901-10. [PMID: 21536970 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polymorphisms in the gene encoding the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) regulating co-chaperone FKBP5 have been shown to alter GR sensitivity and are associated with an increased risk to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). OBJECTIVE To investigate interactions of the FKBP5 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs9296158 and PTSD symptoms on baseline cortisol level, low-dose dexamethasone suppression, and whole-blood gene expression. DESIGN Association of FKBP5 genotypes and PTSD symptoms with endocrine measures and genome-wide expression profiles. SETTING Waiting rooms of general medical and gynecological clinics of an urban hospital at Emory University. PARTICIPANTS The 211 participants were primarily African American (90.05%) and of low socioeconomic status and had high rates of trauma and PTSD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Baseline and post-dexamethasone suppression cortisol measures and gene expression levels. RESULTS In our endocrine study, we found that only risk allele A carriers of rs9296158 showed GR supersensitivity with PTSD; in contrast, baseline cortisol levels were decreased in PTSD only in patients with the GG genotype. Expression of 183 transcripts was significantly correlated with PTSD symptoms after multiple testing corrections. When adding FKBP5 genotype and its interaction with PTSD symptoms, expression levels of an additional 32 genes were significantly regulated by the interaction term. Within these 32 genes, previously reported PTSD candidates were identified, including FKBP5 and the IL18 and STAT pathways. Significant overrepresentation of steroid hormone transcription factor binding sites within these 32 transcripts was observed, highlighting the fact that the earlier-described genotype and PTSD-dependent differences in GR sensitivity could drive the observed gene expression pattern. Results were validated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and replicated in an independent sample (N = 98). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the inheritance of GR sensitivity-moderating FKBP5 polymorphisms can determine specific types of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction within PTSD, which are also reflected in gene-expression changes of a subset of GR-responsive genes. Thus, these findings indicate that functional variants in FKBP5 are associated with biologically distinct subtypes of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehta
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse, Munich, Germany
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Trümbach D, Graf C, Pütz B, Kühne C, Panhuysen M, Weber P, Holsboer F, Wurst W, Welzl G, Deussing JM. Deducing corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 signaling networks from gene expression data by usage of genetic algorithms and graphical Gaussian models. BMC Syst Biol 2010; 4:159. [PMID: 21092110 PMCID: PMC3002901 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-4-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a hallmark of complex and multifactorial psychiatric diseases such as anxiety and mood disorders. About 50-60% of patients with major depression show HPA axis dysfunction, i.e. hyperactivity and impaired negative feedback regulation. The neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and its receptor type 1 (CRHR1) are key regulators of this neuroendocrine stress axis. Therefore, we analyzed CRH/CRHR1-dependent gene expression data obtained from the pituitary corticotrope cell line AtT-20, a well-established in vitro model for CRHR1-mediated signal transduction. To extract significantly regulated genes from a genome-wide microarray data set and to deduce underlying CRHR1-dependent signaling networks, we combined supervised and unsupervised algorithms. RESULTS We present an efficient variable selection strategy by consecutively applying univariate as well as multivariate methods followed by graphical models. First, feature preselection was used to exclude genes not differentially regulated over time from the dataset. For multivariate variable selection a maximum likelihood (MLHD) discriminant function within GALGO, an R package based on a genetic algorithm (GA), was chosen. The topmost genes representing major nodes in the expression network were ranked to find highly separating candidate genes. By using groups of five genes (chromosome size) in the discriminant function and repeating the genetic algorithm separately four times we found eleven genes occurring at least in three of the top ranked result lists of the four repetitions. In addition, we compared the results of GA/MLHD with the alternative optimization algorithms greedy selection and simulated annealing as well as with the state-of-the-art method random forest. In every case we obtained a clear overlap of the selected genes independently confirming the results of MLHD in combination with a genetic algorithm. With two unsupervised algorithms, principal component analysis and graphical Gaussian models, putative interactions of the candidate genes were determined and reconstructed by literature mining. Differential regulation of six candidate genes was validated by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS The combination of supervised and unsupervised algorithms in this study allowed extracting a small subset of meaningful candidate genes from the genome-wide expression data set. Thereby, variable selection using different optimization algorithms based on linear classifiers as well as the nonlinear random forest method resulted in congruent candidate genes. The calculated interacting network connecting these new target genes was bioinformatically mapped to known CRHR1-dependent signaling pathways. Additionally, the differential expression of the identified target genes was confirmed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Trümbach
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, (GmbH) and Technical University Munich, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ingolstädter, Landstraße 1, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Graf
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Kühne
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Panhuysen
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Weber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, (GmbH) and Technical University Munich, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ingolstädter, Landstraße 1, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Welzl
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, (GmbH) and Technical University Munich, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ingolstädter, Landstraße 1, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
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Tsolakidou A, Czibere L, Pütz B, Trümbach D, Panhuysen M, Deussing JM, Wurst W, Sillaber I, Landgraf R, Holsboer F, Rein T. Gene expression profiling in the stress control brain region hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus reveals a novel gene network including amyloid beta precursor protein. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:546. [PMID: 20932279 PMCID: PMC3091695 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pivotal role of stress in the precipitation of psychiatric diseases such as depression is generally accepted. This study aims at the identification of genes that are directly or indirectly responding to stress. Inbred mouse strains that had been evidenced to differ in their stress response as well as in their response to antidepressant treatment were chosen for RNA profiling after stress exposure. Gene expression and regulation was determined by microarray analyses and further evaluated by bioinformatics tools including pathway and cluster analyses. Results Forced swimming as acute stressor was applied to C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice and resulted in sets of regulated genes in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), 4 h or 8 h after stress. Although the expression changes between the mouse strains were quite different, they unfolded in phases over time in both strains. Our search for connections between the regulated genes resulted in potential novel signalling pathways in stress. In particular, Guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha inhibiting 2 (GNAi2) and Amyloid β (A4) precursor protein (APP) were detected as stress-regulated genes, and together with other genes, seem to be integrated into stress-responsive pathways and gene networks in the PVN. Conclusions This search for stress-regulated genes in the PVN revealed its impact on interesting genes (GNAi2 and APP) and a novel gene network. In particular the expression of APP in the PVN that is governing stress hormone balance, is of great interest. The reported neuroprotective role of this molecule in the CNS supports the idea that a short acute stress can elicit positive adaptational effects in the brain.
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Heck A, Lieb R, Ellgas A, Pfister H, Lucae S, Roeske D, Pütz B, Müller-Myhsok B, Uhr M, Holsboer F, Ising M. Investigation of 17 candidate genes for personality traits confirms effects of the HTR2A gene on novelty seeking. Genes Brain Behav 2009; 8:464-72. [PMID: 19566713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Genes involved in serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission have been hypothesized to affect different aspects of personality, but findings from genetic association studies did not provide conclusive results so far. In previous studies, however, only one or a few polymorphisms within single genes were investigated neglecting the possibility that the genetic associations might be more complex comprising several genes or gene regions. To overcome this limitation, we performed an extended genetic association study analyzing 17 serotonergic (SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A, HTR6, MAOA, TPH1, TPH2) and dopaminergic genes (SLC6A3, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, COMT, MAOA, TH, DBH), which have been previously reported to be implicated with personality traits. One hundred and ninety-five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these genes were genotyped with the Illumina BeadChip technology (HumanHap300, Human-1) in a sample of 366 mentally healthy Caucasians. Additionally, we tried to replicate our results in an independent sample of further 335 Caucasians. Personality traits in both samples were assessed with the German version of Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. From 30 SNPs showing associations at a nominal level of significance, two intronic SNPs, rs2770296 and rs927544, both located in the HTR2A gene, withstood correction for multiple testing. These SNPs were associated with the personality trait novelty seeking. The effect of rs927544 could be replicated for the novelty seeking subscale extravagance, and the same SNP was also associated with extravagance in the combined samples. Our results show that HTR2A polymorphisms modulate facets of novelty seeking behaviour in healthy adults suggesting that serotonergic neurotransmission is involved in this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
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Tsolakidou A, Czibere L, Pütz B, Trümbach D, Panhuysen M, Deussing JM, Wurst W, Sillaber I, Landgraf R, Holsboer F, Rein T. Stress-induced gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in the mouse strains DBA/2J and C57BL/6J – potential signalling pathways involved. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Scharf SH, Sterlemann V, Liebl C, Ganea K, Weber P, Pütz B, Deussing JM, Rein T, Müller MB, Schmidt MV. Lasting effects of chronic social stress in mice: Impact of antidepressant treatment. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zimmermann N, Zschocke J, Bettecken T, Pütz B, Holsboer F, Rein T. Characterisation of DNA methylation marks in stress exposed hippocampal astrocytes. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Liebl C, Panhuysen M, Pütz B, Trümbach D, Wurst W, Deussing JM, Müller MB, Schmidt MV. Gene expression profiling following maternal deprivation: involvement of the brain Renin-Angiotensin system. Front Mol Neurosci 2009; 2:1. [PMID: 19506703 PMCID: PMC2691150 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.02.001.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The postnatal development of the mouse is characterized by a stress hypo-responsive period (SHRP), where basal corticosterone levels are low and responsiveness to mild stressors is reduced. Maternal separation is able to disrupt the SHRP and is widely used to model early trauma. In this study we aimed at identifying of brain systems involved in acute and possible long-term effects of maternal separation. We conducted a microarray-based gene expression analysis in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus after maternal separation, which revealed 52 differentially regulated genes compared to undisturbed controls, among them are 37 up-regulated and 15 down-regulated genes. One of the prominently up-regulated genes, angiotensinogen, was validated using in-situ hybridization. Angiotensinogen is the precursor of angiotensin II, the main effector of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which is known to be involved in stress system modulation in adult animals. Using the selective angiotensin type I receptor [AT(1)] antagonist candesartan we found strong effects on CRH and GR mRNA expression in the brain and ACTH release following maternal separation. AT(1) receptor blockade appears to enhance central effects of maternal separation in the neonate, suggesting a suppressing function of brain RAS during the SHRP. Taken together, our results illustrate the molecular adaptations that occur in the paraventricular nucleus following maternal separation and contribute to identifying signaling cascades that control stress system activity in the neonate.
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Bunck M, Czibere L, Horvath C, Graf C, Frank E, Kessler MS, Murgatroyd C, Müller-Myhsok B, Gonik M, Weber P, Pütz B, Muigg P, Panhuysen M, Singewald N, Bettecken T, Deussing JM, Holsboer F, Spengler D, Landgraf R. A hypomorphic vasopressin allele prevents anxiety-related behavior. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5129. [PMID: 19357765 PMCID: PMC2663030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate neurobiological correlates of trait anxiety, CD1 mice were selectively bred for extremes in anxiety-related behavior, with high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior mice additionally differing in behavioral tests reflecting depression-like behavior. Methodology/ Principal Findings In this study, microarray analysis, in situ hybridization, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of the vasopressin gene (Avp) in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of adult LAB mice compared to HAB, NAB (normal anxiety-related behavior) and HABxLAB F1 intercross controls, without detecting differences in receptor expression or density. By sequencing the regions 2.5 kbp up- and downstream of the Avp gene locus, we could identify several polymorphic loci, differing between the HAB and LAB lines. In the gene promoter, a deletion of twelve bp Δ(−2180–2191) is particularly likely to contribute to the reduced Avp expression detected in LAB animals under basal conditions. Indeed, allele-specific transcription analysis of F1 animals revealed a hypomorphic LAB-specific Avp allele with a reduced transcription rate by 75% compared to the HAB-specific allele, thus explaining line-specific Avp expression profiles and phenotypic features. Accordingly, intra-PVN Avp mRNA levels were found to correlate with anxiety-related and depression-like behaviors. In addition to this correlative evidence, a significant, though moderate, genotype/phenotype association was demonstrated in 258 male mice of a freely-segregating F2 panel, suggesting a causal contribution of the Avp promoter deletion to anxiety-related behavior. Discussion Thus, the identification of polymorphisms in the Avp gene promoter explains gene expression differences in association with the observed phenotype, thus further strengthening the concept of the critical involvement of centrally released AVP in trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Bunck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Sillaber I, Panhuysen M, Henniger MSH, Ohl F, Kühne C, Pütz B, Pohl T, Deussing JM, Paez-Pereda M, Holsboer F. Profiling of behavioral changes and hippocampal gene expression in mice chronically treated with the SSRI paroxetine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008; 200:557-72. [PMID: 18629477 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoamine-based antidepressants inhibit neurotransmitter reuptake within short time. However, it commonly takes several weeks until clinical symptoms start to resolve--indicating the involvement of effects distant from reuptake inhibition. OBJECTIVE To unravel other mechanisms involved in drug action, a "reverse" pharmacological approach was applied to determine antidepressant-induced alterations of hippocampal gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The behavioral response to long-term paroxetine administration of male DBA/2Ola mice was assessed by the forced swim test (FST), the modified hole board (mHB), and the dark/light box. Hippocampi of test-naive mice were dissected, and changes in gene expression by paroxetine treatment were investigated by means of microarray technology. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Robust effects of paroxetine on passive stress-coping behavior in the FST were observed. Furthermore, anxiolytic properties of long-term antidepressant treatment could be identified in DBA mice in both, the mHB and dark/light box. Analysis of microarray results revealed a list of 60 genes differentially regulated by chronic paroxetine treatment. Preproenkephalin 1 and inhibin beta-A showed the highest level of transcriptional change. Furthermore, a number of candidates involved in neuroplasticity/neurogenesis emerged (e.g., Bdnf, Gfap, Vim, Sox11, Egr1, Stat3). Seven selected candidates were confirmed by in situ hybridization. Additional immunofluorescence colocalization studies of GFAP and vimentin showed more positive cells to be detected in long-term paroxetine-treated DBA mice. CONCLUSION Candidate genes identified in the current study using a mouse strain validated for its responsiveness to long-term paroxetine treatment add, in our opinion, to unraveling the mechanism of action of paroxetine as a representative for SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Sillaber
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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Tsolakidou A, Trümbach D, Panhuysen M, Pütz B, Deussing J, Wurst W, Sillaber I, Holsboer F, Rein T. Acute stress regulation of neuroplasticity genes in mouse hippocampus CA3 area--possible novel signalling pathways. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008; 38:444-52. [PMID: 18524625 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress exposure can lead to the precipitation of psychiatric disorders in susceptible individuals, but the molecular underpinnings are incompletely understood. We used forced swimming in mice to reveal stress-regulated genes in the CA3 area of the hippocampus. To determine changes in the transcriptional profile 4 h and 8 h after stress exposure microarrays were used in the two mouse strains C57BL/6J and DBA/2J, which are known for their differential stress response. We discovered a surprisingly distinct set of regulated genes for each strain and followed selected ones by in situ hybridisation. Our results support the concept of a phased transcriptional reaction to stress. Moreover, we suggest novel stress-elicited pathways, which comprise a number of genes involved in the regulation of neuronal plasticity. Furthermore, we focused in particular on dihydropyrimidinase like 2, to which we provide evidence for its regulation by NeuroD, an important factor for neuronal activity-dependent dendritic morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsolakidou
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
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Uhr M, Tontsch A, Namendorf C, Ripke S, Lucae S, Ising M, Dose T, Ebinger M, Rosenhagen M, Kohli M, Kloiber S, Salyakina D, Bettecken T, Specht M, Pütz B, Binder EB, Müller-Myhsok B, Holsboer F. Polymorphisms in the drug transporter gene ABCB1 predict antidepressant treatment response in depression. Neuron 2008; 57:203-9. [PMID: 18215618 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of a systemically administered drug acting on the central nervous system depends on its ability to pass the blood-brain barrier, which is regulated by transporter molecules such as ABCB1 (MDR1). Here we report that polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene predict the response to antidepressant treatment in those depressed patients receiving drugs that have been identified as substrates of ABCB1 using abcb1ab double-knockout mice. Our results indicate that the combined consideration of both the medication's capacity to act as an ABCB1-transporter substrate and the patient's ABCB1 genotype are strong predictors for achieving a remission. This finding can be viewed as a further step into personalized antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Uhr
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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Winkelmann J, Lichtner P, Schormair B, Uhr M, Hauk S, Stiasny-Kolster K, Trenkwalder C, Paulus W, Peglau I, Eisensehr I, Illig T, Wichmann HE, Pfister H, Golic J, Bettecken T, Pütz B, Holsboer F, Meitinger T, Müller-Myhsok B. Variants in the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, NOS1) gene are associated with restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 2008; 23:350-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.21647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Bunck M, Czibere L, Schmidt MV, Rafael J, Muigg P, Panhuysen M, Pütz B, Deussing JM, Singewald N, Holsboer F, Wigger A, Landgraf R. Expressing emotions: Avp and Crh are involved in the phenotype of mice bred for extremes in anxiety-related behavior. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kohli MA, Salyakina D, Lucae S, Ising M, Bettecken T, Ripke S, Uhr M, Kloiber S, Horstmann S, Pütz B, Reppermund S, Heck A, Pfister H, Holsboer F, Müller-Myhsok B. Susceptibility gene hunting for recurrent unipolar depression using 400k genome-wide genotype data. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Graf C, Weber P, Pütz B, Holsboer F, Wurst W, Deussing JM. Dissecting CRHR1-mediated pathways via microarray technology. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Czibere L, Baur-Jaronowski LA, Weber P, Pütz B, Panhuysen M, Deussing JM, Landgraf R. The role of tachykinin 1 in a mouse model of trait anxiety. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kohli MA, Salyakina D, Binder EB, Lucae S, Ising M, Ripke S, Horstmann S, Kloiber S, Pütz B, Lieb R, Uhr M, Müller MB, Holsboer F, Müller-Myhsok B. SNPs in the NTRK2 gene are associated with depressive disorder. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kohli MA, Salyakina D, Binder EB, Lucae S, Ising M, Ripke S, Horstmann S, Kloiber S, Pütz B, Fey K, Uhr M, Müller MB, Holsboer F, Müller-Myhsok B. SNPs in the NTRK2 gene are associated with age-at-onset of depressive disorder and attempted suicide. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Deussing JM, Kühne C, Pütz B, Panhuysen M, Breu J, Stenzel-Poore MP, Holsboer F, Wurst W. Expression profiling identifies the CRH/CRH-R1 system as a modulator of neurovascular gene activity. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2007; 27:1476-95. [PMID: 17293846 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 (CRH-R1)-deficient mice display reduced anxiety-like behavior, a chronic corticosterone deficit, and an impaired neuroendocrine stress response caused by disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. The molecular substrates and pathways of CRH/CRH-R1-dependent signaling mechanisms underlying the behavioral phenotype as well as the consequences of lifelong glucocorticoid deficit remain largely obscure. To dissect involved neuronal circuitries, we performed comparative expression profiling of brains of CRH-R1 mutant and wild-type mice using our custom made MPIP (Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry) 17k cDNA microarray. Microarray analysis yielded 107 genes showing altered expression levels when comparing CRH-R1 knockout mice with wild-type littermates. A significant proportion of differentially expressed genes was related to control of HPA and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes reflecting not only the disturbance of the HPA axis in CRH-R1 mutant mice but also the interplay of both neuroendocrine systems. The spatial analysis of regulated genes revealed a prevalence for genes expressed in the cerebral microvasculature. This phenotype was confirmed by the successful cross-validation of regulated genes in CRH overexpressing mice. Analysis of the cerebral vasculature of CRH-R1 mutant and CRH overexpressing mice revealed alterations of functional rather than structural properties. A direct role of the CRH/CRH-R1 system was supported by demonstrating Crhr1 expression in the adult murine cerebral vasculature. In conclusion, these data suggest a novel, previously unknown role of the CRH/CRH-R1 system in modulating neurovascular gene expression and function.
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Winkelmann J, Schormair B, Lichtner P, Ripke S, Xiong L, Jalilzadeh S, Fulda S, Pütz B, Eckstein G, Hauk S, Trenkwalder C, Zimprich A, Stiasny-Kolster K, Oertel W, Bachmann CG, Paulus W, Peglau I, Eisensehr I, Montplaisir J, Turecki G, Rouleau G, Gieger C, Illig T, Wichmann HE, Holsboer F, Müller-Myhsok B, Meitinger T. Genome-wide association study of restless legs syndrome identifies common variants in three genomic regions. Nat Genet 2007; 39:1000-6. [PMID: 17637780 DOI: 10.1038/ng2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a frequent neurological disorder characterized by an imperative urge to move the legs during night, unpleasant sensation in the lower limbs, disturbed sleep and increased cardiovascular morbidity. In a genome-wide association study we found highly significant associations between RLS and intronic variants in the homeobox gene MEIS1, the BTBD9 gene encoding a BTB(POZ) domain as well as variants in a third locus containing the genes encoding mitogen-activated protein kinase MAP2K5 and the transcription factor LBXCOR1 on chromosomes 2p, 6p and 15q, respectively. Two independent replications confirmed these association signals. Each genetic variant was associated with a more than 50% increase in risk for RLS, with the combined allelic variants conferring more than half of the risk. MEIS1 has been implicated in limb development, raising the possibility that RLS has components of a developmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, GSF National Research Center of Environment and Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.
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