1
|
Siglen E, Vetti HH, Augestad M, Steen VM, Lunde Å, Bjorvatn C. Evaluation of the Rosa Chatbot Providing Genetic Information to Patients at Risk of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Qualitative Interview Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e46571. [PMID: 37656502 PMCID: PMC10504626 DOI: 10.2196/46571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic testing has become an integrated part of health care for patients with breast or ovarian cancer, and the increasing demand for genetic testing is accompanied by an increasing need for easy access to reliable genetic information for patients. Therefore, we developed a chatbot app (Rosa) that is able to perform humanlike digital conversations about genetic BRCA testing. OBJECTIVE Before implementing this new information service in daily clinical practice, we wanted to explore 2 aspects of chatbot use: the perceived utility and trust in chatbot technology among healthy patients at risk of hereditary cancer and how interaction with a chatbot regarding sensitive information about hereditary cancer influences patients. METHODS Overall, 175 healthy individuals at risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer were invited to test the chatbot, Rosa, before and after genetic counseling. To secure a varied sample, participants were recruited from all cancer genetic clinics in Norway, and the selection was based on age, gender, and risk of having a BRCA pathogenic variant. Among the 34.9% (61/175) of participants who consented for individual interview, a selected subgroup (16/61, 26%) shared their experience through in-depth interviews via video. The semistructured interviews covered the following topics: usability, perceived usefulness, trust in the information received via the chatbot, how Rosa influenced the user, and thoughts about future use of digital tools in health care. The transcripts were analyzed using the stepwise-deductive inductive approach. RESULTS The overall finding was that the chatbot was very welcomed by the participants. They appreciated the 24/7 availability wherever they were and the possibility to use it to prepare for genetic counseling and to repeat and ask questions about what had been said afterward. As Rosa was created by health care professionals, they also valued the information they received as being medically correct. Rosa was referred to as being better than Google because it provided specific and reliable answers to their questions. The findings were summed up in 3 concepts: "Anytime, anywhere"; "In addition, not instead"; and "Trustworthy and true." All participants (16/16) denied increased worry after reading about genetic testing and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in Rosa. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that a genetic information chatbot has the potential to contribute to easy access to uniform information for patients at risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, regardless of geographical location. The 24/7 availability of quality-assured information, tailored to the specific situation, had a reassuring effect on our participants. It was consistent across concepts that Rosa was a tool for preparation and repetition; however, none of the participants (0/16) supported that Rosa could replace genetic counseling if hereditary cancer was confirmed. This indicates that a chatbot can be a well-suited digital companion to genetic counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elen Siglen
- Western Norway Familial Cancer Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hildegunn Høberg Vetti
- Western Norway Familial Cancer Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mirjam Augestad
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Western Norway Familial Cancer Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Åshild Lunde
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cathrine Bjorvatn
- Western Norway Familial Cancer Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Villar JD, Stavrum AK, Spindola LM, Torsvik A, Bjella T, Steen NE, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Steen VM, Le Hellard S. Differences in white blood cell proportions between schizophrenia cases and controls are influenced by medication and variations in time of day. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:211. [PMID: 37330513 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cases with schizophrenia (SCZ) and healthy controls show differences in white blood cell (WBC) counts and blood inflammation markers. Here, we investigate whether time of blood draw and treatment with psychiatric medications are related to differences in estimated WBC proportions between SCZ cases and controls. DNA methylation data from whole blood was used to estimate proportions of six subtypes of WBCs in SCZ patients (n = 333) and healthy controls (n = 396). We tested the association of case-control status with estimated cell-type proportions and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in 4 models: with/without adjusting for time of blood draw, and then compared results from blood samples drawn during a 12-h (07:00-19:00) or 7-h (07:00-14:00) period. We also investigated WBC proportions in a subgroup of medication-free patients (n = 51). Neutrophil proportions were significantly higher in SCZ cases (mean=54.1%) vs. controls (mean=51.1%; p = <0.001), and CD8+T lymphocyte proportions were lower in SCZ cases (mean=12.1%) vs. controls (mean=13.2%; p = 0.001). The effect sizes in the 12-h sample (07:00-19:00) showed a significant difference between SCZ vs. controls for neutrophils, CD4+T, CD8+T, and B-cells, which remained significant after adjusting for time of blood draw. In the samples matched for time of blood draw during 07.00-14.00, we also observed an association with neutrophils, CD4+T, CD8+T, and B-cells that was unaffected by further adjustment for time of blood draw. In the medication-free patients, we observed differences that remained significant in neutrophils (p = 0.01) and CD4+T (p = 0.01) after adjusting for time of day. The association of SCZ with NLR was significant in all models (range: p < 0.001 to p = 0.03) in both medicated and unmedicated patients. In conclusion, controlling for pharmacological treatment and circadian cycling of WBC is necessary for unbiased estimates in case-control studies. Nevertheless, the association of WBC with SCZ remains, even after adjusting for the time of day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonelle D Villar
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Anne-Kristin Stavrum
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Leticia M Spindola
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anja Torsvik
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Bjella
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niels Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Torsvik A, Brattbakk HR, Trentani A, Holdhus R, Stansberg C, Bartz-Johannessen CA, Hughes T, Steen NE, Melle I, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Steen VM. Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder display a similar global gene expression signature in whole blood that reflects elevated proportion of immature neutrophil cells with association to lipid changes. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:147. [PMID: 37147304 PMCID: PMC10163263 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share clinical characteristics, genetic susceptibility, and immune alterations. We aimed to identify differential transcriptional patterns in peripheral blood cells of patients with SCZ or BD versus healthy controls (HC). We analyzed microarray-based global gene expression data in whole blood from a cohort of SCZ (N = 329), BD (N = 203) and HC (N = 189). In total, 65 genes were significantly differentially expressed in SCZ and 125 in BD, as compared to HC, with similar ratio of up- and downregulated genes in both disorders. Among the top differentially expressed genes, we found an innate immunity signature that was shared between SCZ and BD, consisting of a cluster of upregulated genes (e.g., OLFM4, ELANE, BPI and MPO) that indicate an increased fraction of immature neutrophils. Several of these genes displayed sex differences in the expression pattern, and post-hoc analysis demonstrated a positive correlation with triglyceride and a negative correlation with HDL cholesterol. We found that many of the downregulated genes in SCZ and BD were associated with smoking. These findings of neutrophil granulocyte-associated transcriptome signatures in both SCZ and BD point at altered innate immunity pathways with association to lipid changes and potential for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Torsvik
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Hans-Richard Brattbakk
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrea Trentani
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rita Holdhus
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christine Stansberg
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Timothy Hughes
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sivakumaran D, Jenum S, Srivastava A, Steen VM, Vaz M, Doherty TM, Ritz C, Grewal HMS. Host blood-based biosignatures for subclinical TB and incipient TB: A prospective study of adult TB household contacts in Southern India. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1051963. [PMID: 36713386 PMCID: PMC9876034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden is asymptomatic and not detectable by symptom-based screening, driving the TB epidemic through continued M. tuberculosis transmission. Currently, no validated tools exist to diagnose incipient and subclinical TB. Nested within a large prospective study in household contacts of pulmonary TB cases in Southern India, we assessed 35 incipient TB and 12 subclinical TB cases, along with corresponding household active TB cases (n=11), and household controls (n=39) using high throughput methods for transcriptional and protein profiling. We split the data into training and test sets and applied a support vector machine classifier followed by a Lasso regression model to identify signatures. The Lasso regression model identified an 11-gene signature (ABLIM2, C20orf197, CTC-543D15.3, CTD-2503O16.3, HLADRB3, METRNL, RAB11B-AS1, RP4-614C10.2, RNA5SP345, RSU1P1, and UACA) that distinguished subclinical TB from incipient TB with a very good discriminatory power by AUCs in both training and test sets. Further, we identified an 8-protein signature comprising b-FGF, IFNγ, IL1RA, IL7, IL12p70, IL13, PDGF-BB, and VEGF that differentiated subclinical TB from incipient TB with good and moderate discriminatory power by AUCs in the training and test sets, respectively. The identified 11-gene signature discriminated well between the distinct stages of the TB disease spectrum, with very good discriminatory power, suggesting it could be useful for predicting TB progression in household contacts. However, the high discriminatory power could partly be due to over-fitting, and validation in other studies is warranted to confirm the potential of the immune biosignatures for identifying subclinical TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanasekaran Sivakumaran
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Synne Jenum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aashish Srivastava
- Genome Core Facility, Clinical Laboratory (K2), Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- Genome Core Facility, Clinical Laboratory (K2), Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mario Vaz
- Department of Physiology, St. John’s Medical College and Division of Health and Humanities, St. John’s Research Institute, Koramangala, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harleen M. S. Grewal
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Siglen E, Vetti HH, Lunde ABF, Hatlebrekke TA, Strømsvik N, Hamang A, Hovland ST, Rettberg JW, Steen VM, Bjorvatn C. Ask Rosa - The making of a digital genetic conversation tool, a chatbot, about hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Patient Educ Couns 2022; 105:1488-1494. [PMID: 34649750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed at developing a pilot version of an app (Rosa) that can perform digital conversations with breast or ovarian cancer patients about genetic BRCA testing, using chatbot technology, to identify best practices for future patient-focused chatbots. METHODS We chose a commercial chatbot platform and participatory methodology with a team of patient representatives, IT engineers, genetic counselors and clinical geneticists, within a nationwide collaboration. An iterative approach ensured extensive user and formal usability testing during the development process. RESULTS The development phase lasted for two years until the pilot version was completed in December 2019. The iteration steps disclosed major challenges in the artificial intelligence (AI)-based matching of user provided questions with predefined information in the database, leading initially to high level of fallback answers. We therefore developed strategies to reduce potential language ambiguities (e.g. BRCA1 vs BRCA2) and overcome dialogue confusion. The first prototype contained a database with 500 predefined questions and 67 corresponding predefined answers, while the final version included 2257 predefined questions and 144 predefined answers. Despite the limited AI functionality of the chatbot, the testing revealed that the users liked the layout and found the chatbot trustworthy and reader friendly. CONCLUSIONS Building a health chatbot is challenging, expensive and time consuming with today's technology. The users had a positive attitude to the chatbot, and would use it in a real life setting, if given to them by health care personnel. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS We here present a framework for future health chatbot initiatives. The participatory methodology in combination with an iterative approach ensured that the patient perspective was incorporated at every level of the development process. We strongly recommend this approach in patient-centered health innovations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elen Siglen
- Western Norway Familial Cancer Center, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Hildegunn Høberg Vetti
- Western Norway Familial Cancer Center, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Nina Strømsvik
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway; Northern Norway Familial Cancer Center, University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anniken Hamang
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Vidar M Steen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cathrine Bjorvatn
- Western Norway Familial Cancer Center, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Research and Development, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brouwer RM, Klein M, Grasby KL, Schnack HG, Jahanshad N, Teeuw J, Thomopoulos SI, Sprooten E, Franz CE, Gogtay N, Kremen WS, Panizzon MS, Olde Loohuis LM, Whelan CD, Aghajani M, Alloza C, Alnæs D, Artiges E, Ayesa-Arriola R, Barker GJ, Bastin ME, Blok E, Bøen E, Breukelaar IA, Bright JK, Buimer EEL, Bülow R, Cannon DM, Ciufolini S, Crossley NA, Damatac CG, Dazzan P, de Mol CL, de Zwarte SMC, Desrivières S, Díaz-Caneja CM, Doan NT, Dohm K, Fröhner JH, Goltermann J, Grigis A, Grotegerd D, Han LKM, Harris MA, Hartman CA, Heany SJ, Heindel W, Heslenfeld DJ, Hohmann S, Ittermann B, Jansen PR, Janssen J, Jia T, Jiang J, Jockwitz C, Karali T, Keeser D, Koevoets MGJC, Lenroot RK, Malchow B, Mandl RCW, Medel V, Meinert S, Morgan CA, Mühleisen TW, Nabulsi L, Opel N, de la Foz VOG, Overs BJ, Paillère Martinot ML, Redlich R, Marques TR, Repple J, Roberts G, Roshchupkin GV, Setiaman N, Shumskaya E, Stein F, Sudre G, Takahashi S, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, van der Lugt A, van Haren NEM, Wardlaw JM, Wen W, Westeneng HJ, Wittfeld K, Zhu AH, Zugman A, Armstrong NJ, Bonfiglio G, Bralten J, Dalvie S, Davies G, Di Forti M, Ding L, Donohoe G, Forstner AJ, Gonzalez-Peñas J, Guimaraes JPOFT, Homuth G, Hottenga JJ, Knol MJ, Kwok JBJ, Le Hellard S, Mather KA, Milaneschi Y, Morris DW, Nöthen MM, Papiol S, Rietschel M, Santoro ML, Steen VM, Stein JL, Streit F, Tankard RM, Teumer A, van 't Ent D, van der Meer D, van Eijk KR, Vassos E, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Witt SH, Adams HHH, Agartz I, Ames D, Amunts K, Andreassen OA, Arango C, Banaschewski T, Baune BT, Belangero SI, Bokde ALW, Boomsma DI, Bressan RA, Brodaty H, Buitelaar JK, Cahn W, Caspers S, Cichon S, Crespo-Facorro B, Cox SR, Dannlowski U, Elvsåshagen T, Espeseth T, Falkai PG, Fisher SE, Flor H, Fullerton JM, Garavan H, Gowland PA, Grabe HJ, Hahn T, Heinz A, Hillegers M, Hoare J, Hoekstra PJ, Ikram MA, Jackowski AP, Jansen A, Jönsson EG, Kahn RS, Kircher T, Korgaonkar MS, Krug A, Lemaitre H, Malt UF, Martinot JL, McDonald C, Mitchell PB, Muetzel RL, Murray RM, Nees F, Nenadić I, Oosterlaan J, Ophoff RA, Pan PM, Penninx BWJH, Poustka L, Sachdev PS, Salum GA, Schofield PR, Schumann G, Shaw P, Sim K, Smolka MN, Stein DJ, Trollor JN, van den Berg LH, Veldink JH, Walter H, Westlye LT, Whelan R, White T, Wright MJ, Medland SE, Franke B, Thompson PM, Hulshoff Pol HE. Genetic variants associated with longitudinal changes in brain structure across the lifespan. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:421-432. [PMID: 35383335 PMCID: PMC10040206 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human brain structure changes throughout the lifespan. Altered brain growth or rates of decline are implicated in a vast range of psychiatric, developmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we identified common genetic variants that affect rates of brain growth or atrophy in what is, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide association meta-analysis of changes in brain morphology across the lifespan. Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data from 15,640 individuals were used to compute rates of change for 15 brain structures. The most robustly identified genes GPR139, DACH1 and APOE are associated with metabolic processes. We demonstrate global genetic overlap with depression, schizophrenia, cognitive functioning, insomnia, height, body mass index and smoking. Gene set findings implicate both early brain development and neurodegenerative processes in the rates of brain changes. Identifying variants involved in structural brain changes may help to determine biological pathways underlying optimal and dysfunctional brain development and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrina L Grasby
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hugo G Schnack
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Jalmar Teeuw
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nitin Gogtay
- American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Alloza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric Artiges
- INSERM U1299 Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 9010; Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (HUMV), School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elisabet Blok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Psychosomatic and CL Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabella A Breukelaar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna K Bright
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth E L Buimer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas A Crossley
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christienne G Damatac
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Casper L de Mol
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja M C de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Section of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Neurospin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura K M Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathew A Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah J Heany
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Walter Heindel
- Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Philip R Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, VUmc, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tianye Jia
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and MoE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Temmuz Karali
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Neurosciences (MCN) - Brain & Mind, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martijn G J C Koevoets
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rhoshel K Lenroot
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - René C W Mandl
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vicente Medel
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catherine A Morgan
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz
- Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (HUMV), School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- INSERM U1299 Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 9010; Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gennady V Roshchupkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita Setiaman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Sudre
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shun Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radiology, IDIVAL, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Advanced Computing and e-Science, Instituto de Física de Cantabria (UC-CSIC), Santander, Spain
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henk-Jan Westeneng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alyssa H Zhu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Andre Zugman
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gaia Bonfiglio
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gail Davies
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Linda Ding
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Centre for Human Genetics, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Peñas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao P O F T Guimaraes
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Knol
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John B J Kwok
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derek W Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcos L Santoro
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jason L Stein
- Department of Genetics & UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rick M Tankard
- Mathematics and Statistics, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel R van Eijk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (HUMV), School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sintia I Belangero
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Ame Sua Mente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Science, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, IBIS, Seville, Spain
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- NORMENT Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter G Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Penny A Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hans J Grabe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Manon Hillegers
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Hoare
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad A Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea P Jackowski
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rene S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education & Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Herve Lemaitre
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ulrik F Malt
- Unit for Psychosomatic Medicine and C-L Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM U1299 Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 9010; Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro M Pan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giovanni A Salum
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- PONS Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, CCM, Charite University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Shaw
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute for Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Whelan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fathian F, Gjestad R, Kroken RA, Løberg EM, Reitan SK, Fleichhacker WW, Rettenbacher M, Larsen TK, Joa I, Stabell LA, Kjelby E, Sinkevicute I, Alisauskiene R, Steen VM, Johnsen E. Association between C-reactive protein levels and antipsychotic treatment during 12 months follow-up period after acute psychosis. Schizophr Res 2022; 241:174-183. [PMID: 35131596 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A potential role of inflammatory pathways in the pathology of schizophrenia has been suggested for at least a subgroup of patients. Elevated levels of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) have been observed, with associations to pathogenesis and symptoms. The current evidence regarding effects of antipsychotics on CRP levels is ambiguous. OBJECTIVES To examine and compare the influence on CRP levels of three pharmacologically diverse new generation antipsychotics during a one-year follow-up in schizophrenia spectrum disorder. METHODS In a multicenter, pragmatic and rater-blinded randomized trial, the effects of amisulpride, aripiprazole and olanzapine were compared in 128 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. All had positive symptoms of psychosis at study entry. Clinical and laboratory assessments including the measurement of CRP levels were conducted at baseline, and 1, 3, 6, 12, 26, 39, and 52 weeks thereafter. RESULTS For all antipsychotic drugs analysed together, there was an increase in CRP levels during the one-year follow-up. Aripiprazole, as opposed to amisulpride and olanzapine, was associated with a reduced CRP level after one week, after which the CRP level caught up with the other drugs. Compared to those previously exposed to antipsychotic drugs, antipsychotic-naïve patients had lower CRP levels at all follow-up time points, but with the same temporal patterns of change. CONCLUSION Treatment with amisulpride, aripiprazole and olanzapine showed different effects on CRP levels in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, modified by previous antipsychotics exposure status. This finding suggests that antipsychotic drugs may vary with respect to their influence on pro-inflammatory pathways. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01446328; URL: http://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farivar Fathian
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Rolf Gjestad
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune A Kroken
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Else-Marie Løberg
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solveig Klæbo Reitan
- Department of Mental Health, St. Olav University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - W Wolfgang Fleichhacker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Rettenbacher
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tor K Larsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; TIPS, Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Inge Joa
- TIPS, Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of Health, Network for Medical Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lena Antonsen Stabell
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik Kjelby
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Igne Sinkevicute
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Renata Alisauskiene
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Division of Psychiatry and NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krull F, Akkouh I, Hughes T, Bettella F, Athanasiu L, Smeland OB, O'Connell KS, Brattbakk HR, Steen VM, Steen NE, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA. Dose-dependent transcriptional effects of lithium and adverse effect burden in a psychiatric cohort. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 112:110408. [PMID: 34320404 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lithium is the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), but there is a large variation in response rate and adverse effects. Although the molecular effects of lithium have been studied extensively, the specific mechanisms of action remain unclear. In particular, the molecular changes underlying lithium adverse effects are little known. Multiple linear regression analyses of lithium serum concentrations and global gene expression levels in whole blood were carried out using a large case-control sample (n = 1450). Self-reported adverse effects of lithium were assessed with the "Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser" (UKU) adverse effect rating scale, and regression analysis was used to identify significant associations between lithium-related genes and six of the most common adverse effects. Serum concentrations of lithium were significantly associated with the expression levels of 52 genes (FDR < 0.01), largely replicating previous results. We found 32 up-regulated genes and 20 down-regulated genes in lithium users compared to non-users. The down-regulated gene set was enriched for several processes related to the translational machinery. Two adverse effects were significantly associated (p < 0.01) with three or more lithium-associated genes: tremor (FAM13A-AS1, FAR2, ITGAX, RWDD1, and STARD10) and xerostomia (ANKRD13A, FAR2, RPS8, and RWDD1). The adverse effect association with the largest effect was between CAMK1D expression and nausea/vomiting. These results suggest putative transcriptional mechanisms that may predict lithium adverse effects, and could thus have a large potential for informing clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Krull
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ibrahim Akkouh
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Timothy Hughes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S O'Connell
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gjerde PB, Steen SW, Vedal TSJ, Steen NE, Reponen EJ, Andreassen OA, Steen VM, Melle I. Lifetime Cannabis Use Is Not Associated With Negative Beliefs About Medication in Patients With First Treatment Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:824051. [PMID: 35422717 PMCID: PMC9001842 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.824051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cannabis use is common among patients with psychosis, and along with negative beliefs about medication, it has been found to predict poor adherence to antipsychotic drug treatment. Such lack of adherence to antipsychotic drug treatment increases the risk of poor clinical outcomes and relapse in patients with first treatment for psychosis (FTP). However, to date, it is unclear whether cannabis use may be related to negative perceptions about antipsychotic drug treatment. METHODS A cross-sectional sample of 265 FTP patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder underwent extensive clinical assessments. Three measures of cannabis use were obtained: lifetime, current and meeting diagnostic criteria for abuse or addiction. For the primary analyses we focused on lifetime cannabis use. The Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire (BMQ) was employed to assess the patients' specific concerns and perceptions of antipsychotic medications, as well as general beliefs about pharmacotherapy. The relationship between lifetime cannabis use and BMQ scores was investigated with general linear model (GLM) analyses, controlling for age and sex. RESULTS Patients with lifetime use of cannabis ≥10 times were more likely to be male, younger at the age of onset of psychosis and with higher levels of alcohol use and daily tobacco smoking, as compared to the non-users (p < 0.05). Neither lifetime use of cannabis, current use nor a cannabis abuse diagnosis was associated with negative beliefs about medicines as measured by the BMQ questionnaire. CONCLUSION Use of cannabis is not linked to negative perceptions about antipsychotic medicines in patients with FTP. Other reasons for poor compliance to antipsychotic drug treatment in cannabis users need to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanthi B Gjerde
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Synne W Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trude S J Vedal
- Division of Mental Health, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sørensen IW, Glad R, Houge G, Blomhoff A, Haug MG, Steen VM. Correction: More accurate fetal diagnostics. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2021; 141:21-0728. [PMID: 34758600 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
11
|
Sørensen IW, Glad R, Houge G, Blomhoff A, Haug MG, Steen VM. More accurate fetal diagnostics. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2021; 141:21-0424. [PMID: 34641655 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
12
|
Sandberg AA, Steen VM, Torsvik A. Is Elevated Neutrophil Count and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio a Cause or Consequence of Schizophrenia?-A Scoping Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:728990. [PMID: 34603107 PMCID: PMC8483576 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.728990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have found an association between elevated neutrophil count or neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral blood from patients with schizophrenia. The etiology behind this effect is unknown, and it is unclear if changes in neutrophil count and NLR may be induced by antipsychotics or if these parameters relate to the diagnosis and symptoms of schizophrenia. The purpose of this scoping review was to map research that explores this association, and to identify gaps in the current knowledge base. Method: The work was conducted in accordance with established methodological standards for scoping reviews. Studies on neutrophil count and NLR in schizophrenia were identified through search in relevant databases, and a parallel screening procedure was performed to ensure validity and reproducibility of the search. Articles that included different comparison groups, with differences in medication status (drug-naïve or drug-free vs. medicated), current disease state (relapse vs. remission), or treatment response, were included, as well as studies evaluating the association between symptomatology and neutrophil count or NLR. Results: The available literature was limited with substantial differences in aims, methods, and outcomes. In total, 13 articles were included for the synthesis of this review. Some interesting trends were identified: Neutrophil count and NLR seem to be elevated in schizophrenia patients regardless of current or past use of antipsychotic therapy. Neutrophil count and NLR correlated significantly with positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Still, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to considerable methodological differences and weaknesses in the literature, particularly concerning the blood sampling procedure. Conclusion: By including longitudinal studies and by comparing patient groups based on medication status, disease state and response, our study provides a basis for dissecting the associations between increased neutrophil count or NLR and a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Further research should investigate and quantify the apparent strong correlation between neutrophil count or NLR and positive symptoms in schizophrenia, to evaluate its clinical potential to guide diagnostics, treatment, or as a predictor of outcome. This review also exposes important methodological weaknesses in the literature on neutrophil count and NLR measurements. Standardization of blood sampling and processing is crucial to reduce bias, and factors that are known to influence leukocyte levels need to be accounted for.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asbjørn Arnesen Sandberg
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anja Torsvik
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lam M, Chen CY, Ge T, Xia Y, Hill DW, Trampush JW, Yu J, Knowles E, Davies G, Stahl EA, Huckins L, Liewald DC, Djurovic S, Melle I, Christoforou A, Reinvang I, DeRosse P, Lundervold AJ, Steen VM, Espeseth T, Räikkönen K, Widen E, Palotie A, Eriksson JG, Giegling I, Konte B, Hartmann AM, Roussos P, Giakoumaki S, Burdick KE, Payton A, Ollier W, Chiba-Falek O, Koltai DC, Need AC, Cirulli ET, Voineskos AN, Stefanis NC, Avramopoulos D, Hatzimanolis A, Smyrnis N, Bilder RM, Freimer NB, Cannon TD, London E, Poldrack RA, Sabb FW, Congdon E, Conley ED, Scult MA, Dickinson D, Straub RE, Donohoe G, Morris D, Corvin A, Gill M, Hariri AR, Weinberger DR, Pendleton N, Bitsios P, Rujescu D, Lahti J, Le Hellard S, Keller MC, Andreassen OA, Deary IJ, Glahn DC, Huang H, Liu C, Malhotra AK, Lencz T. Identifying nootropic drug targets via large-scale cognitive GWAS and transcriptomics. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1788-1801. [PMID: 34035472 PMCID: PMC8357785 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Broad-based cognitive deficits are an enduring and disabling symptom for many patients with severe mental illness, and these impairments are inadequately addressed by current medications. While novel drug targets for schizophrenia and depression have emerged from recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of these psychiatric disorders, GWAS of general cognitive ability can suggest potential targets for nootropic drug repurposing. Here, we (1) meta-analyze results from two recent cognitive GWAS to further enhance power for locus discovery; (2) employ several complementary transcriptomic methods to identify genes in these loci that are credibly associated with cognition; and (3) further annotate the resulting genes using multiple chemoinformatic databases to identify "druggable" targets. Using our meta-analytic data set (N = 373,617), we identified 241 independent cognition-associated loci (29 novel), and 76 genes were identified by 2 or more methods of gene identification. Actin and chromatin binding gene sets were identified as novel pathways that could be targeted via drug repurposing. Leveraging our transcriptomic and chemoinformatic databases, we identified 16 putative genes targeted by existing drugs potentially available for cognitive repurposing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Lam
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Biogen, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tian Ge
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Psychiatry Department, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - David W Hill
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joey W Trampush
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jin Yu
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Emma Knowles
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Olin Neuropsychic Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Gail Davies
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eli A Stahl
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Huckins
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David C Liewald
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Boston, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry - Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antony Payton
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William Ollier
- Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Deborah C Koltai
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology, and Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anna C Need
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nikos C Stefanis
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alex Hatzimanolis
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Robert M Bilder
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Edythe London
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Fred W Sabb
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Eliza Congdon
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Matthew A Scult
- Weill Cornell Psychiatry at NewYork-Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dwight Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard E Straub
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Derek Morris
- Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology/School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, Greece
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David C Glahn
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Olin Neuropsychic Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Psychiatry Department, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Córdova-Palomera A, van der Meer D, Kaufmann T, Bettella F, Wang Y, Alnæs D, Doan NT, Agartz I, Bertolino A, Buitelaar JK, Coynel D, Djurovic S, Dørum ES, Espeseth T, Fazio L, Franke B, Frei O, Håberg A, Le Hellard S, Jönsson EG, Kolskår KK, Lund MJ, Moberget T, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Papassotiropoulos A, Pergola G, de Quervain D, Rampino A, Richard G, Rokicki J, Sanders AM, Schwarz E, Smeland OB, Steen VM, Starrfelt J, Sønderby IE, Ulrichsen KM, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. Genetic control of variability in subcortical and intracranial volumes. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3876-3883. [PMID: 32047264 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity to external demands is essential for adaptation to dynamic environments, but comes at the cost of increased risk of adverse outcomes when facing poor environmental conditions. Here, we apply a novel methodology to perform genome-wide association analysis of mean and variance in ten key brain features (accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, intracranial volume, cortical surface area, and cortical thickness), integrating genetic and neuroanatomical data from a large lifespan sample (n = 25,575 individuals; 8-89 years, mean age 51.9 years). We identify genetic loci associated with phenotypic variability in thalamus volume and cortical thickness. The variance-controlling loci involved genes with a documented role in brain and mental health and were not associated with the mean anatomical volumes. This proof-of-principle of the hypothesis of a genetic regulation of brain volume variability contributes to establishing the genetic basis of phenotypic variance (i.e., heritability), allows identifying different degrees of brain robustness across individuals, and opens new research avenues in the search for mechanisms controlling brain and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Córdova-Palomera
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Institute of Psychiatry, Bari University Hospital, Bari, Italy.,Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David Coynel
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend S Dørum
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | | | - Leonardo Fazio
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asta Håberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knut K Kolskår
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Martina J Lund
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Life Sciences Training Facility, Department Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Dominique de Quervain
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Genevieve Richard
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Marthe Sanders
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Dr. E. Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jostein Starrfelt
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine M Ulrichsen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Akkouh IA, Hughes T, Steen VM, Glover JC, Andreassen OA, Djurovic S, Szabo A. Transcriptome analysis reveals disparate expression of inflammation-related miRNAs and their gene targets in iPSC-astrocytes from people with schizophrenia. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 94:235-244. [PMID: 33571628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high heritability of schizophrenia (SCZ), details of its pathophysiology and etiology are still unknown. Recent findings suggest that aberrant inflammatory regulation and microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved. Here we performed a comparative analysis of the global miRNome of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-astrocytes, derived from SCZ patients and healthy controls (CTRLs), at baseline and following inflammatory modulation using IL-1β. We identified four differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-337-3p, miR-127-5p, miR-206, miR-1185-1-3p) in SCZ astrocytes that exhibited significantly lower baseline expression relative to CTRLs. Group-specific differential expression (DE) analyses exploring possible distinctions in the modulatory capacity of IL-1β on miRNA expression in SCZ versus CTRL astroglia revealed trends toward altered miRNA expressions. In addition, we analyzed peripheral blood samples from a large cohort of SCZ patients (n = 484) and CTRLs (n = 496) screening for the expression of specific gene targets of the four DE miRNAs that were identified in our baseline astrocyte setup. Three of these genes, LAMTOR4, IL23R, and ERBB3, had a significantly lower expression in the blood of SCZ patients compared to CTRLs after multiple testing correction. We also found nominally significant differences for ERBB2 and IRAK1, which similarly displayed lower expressions in SCZ versus CTRL. Furthermore, we found matching patterns between the expressions of identified miRNAs and their target genes when comparing our in vitro and in vivo results. The current results further our understanding of the pathobiological basis of SCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Akkouh
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Timothy Hughes
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joel C Glover
- Laboratory for Neural Development and Optical Recording (NDEVOR), Section for Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Attila Szabo
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sønderby IE, van der Meer D, Moreau C, Kaufmann T, Walters GB, Ellegaard M, Abdellaoui A, Ames D, Amunts K, Andersson M, Armstrong NJ, Bernard M, Blackburn NB, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Bülow R, Bøen R, Cahn W, Calhoun VD, Caspers S, Ching CRK, Cichon S, Ciufolini S, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Dale AM, Dalvie S, Dazzan P, de Geus EJC, de Zubicaray GI, de Zwarte SMC, Desrivieres S, Doherty JL, Donohoe G, Draganski B, Ehrlich S, Eising E, Espeseth T, Fejgin K, Fisher SE, Fladby T, Frei O, Frouin V, Fukunaga M, Gareau T, Ge T, Glahn DC, Grabe HJ, Groenewold NA, Gústafsson Ó, Haavik J, Haberg AK, Hall J, Hashimoto R, Hehir-Kwa JY, Hibar DP, Hillegers MHJ, Hoffmann P, Holleran L, Holmes AJ, Homuth G, Hottenga JJ, Hulshoff Pol HE, Ikeda M, Jahanshad N, Jockwitz C, Johansson S, Jönsson EG, Jørgensen NR, Kikuchi M, Knowles EEM, Kumar K, Le Hellard S, Leu C, Linden DEJ, Liu J, Lundervold A, Lundervold AJ, Maillard AM, Martin NG, Martin-Brevet S, Mather KA, Mathias SR, McMahon KL, McRae AF, Medland SE, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Moberget T, Modenato C, Sánchez JM, Morris DW, Mühleisen TW, Murray RM, Nielsen J, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Loohuis LMO, Ophoff RA, Owen MJ, Paus T, Pausova Z, Peralta JM, Pike GB, Prieto C, Quinlan EB, Reinbold CS, Marques TR, Rucker JJH, Sachdev PS, Sando SB, Schofield PR, Schork AJ, Schumann G, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Silva AI, Sisodiya SM, Steen VM, Stein DJ, Strike LT, Suzuki IK, Tamnes CK, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Uhlmann A, Ulfarsson MO, van 't Ent D, van den Bree MBM, Vanderhaeghen P, Vassos E, Wen W, Wittfeld K, Wright MJ, Agartz I, Djurovic S, Westlye LT, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Jacquemont S, Thompson PM, Andreassen OA. 1q21.1 distal copy number variants are associated with cerebral and cognitive alterations in humans. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:182. [PMID: 33753722 PMCID: PMC7985307 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-frequency 1q21.1 distal deletion and duplication copy number variant (CNV) carriers are predisposed to multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disability. Human carriers display a high prevalence of micro- and macrocephaly in deletion and duplication carriers, respectively. The underlying brain structural diversity remains largely unknown. We systematically called CNVs in 38 cohorts from the large-scale ENIGMA-CNV collaboration and the UK Biobank and identified 28 1q21.1 distal deletion and 22 duplication carriers and 37,088 non-carriers (48% male) derived from 15 distinct magnetic resonance imaging scanner sites. With standardized methods, we compared subcortical and cortical brain measures (all) and cognitive performance (UK Biobank only) between carrier groups also testing for mediation of brain structure on cognition. We identified positive dosage effects of copy number on intracranial volume (ICV) and total cortical surface area, with the largest effects in frontal and cingulate cortices, and negative dosage effects on caudate and hippocampal volumes. The carriers displayed distinct cognitive deficit profiles in cognitive tasks from the UK Biobank with intermediate decreases in duplication carriers and somewhat larger in deletion carriers-the latter potentially mediated by ICV or cortical surface area. These results shed light on pathobiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders, by demonstrating gene dose effect on specific brain structures and effect on cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida E Sønderby
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Moreau
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE Genetics (Amgen), Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Maria Ellegaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Ames
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Kew, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Manon Bernard
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas B Blackburn
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rune Bøen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Altrecht Science, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
- The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
- University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, IBiS, Centre de Investigació Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sonja M C de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvane Desrivieres
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L Doherty
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Else Eising
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim Fejgin
- Signal Transduction, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500, Valby, Denmark
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, 1474, Nordbyhagen, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Neurospin, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Sokendai, Hayama, Japan
| | - Thomas Gareau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Neurospin, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asta K Haberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- St Olav's Hospital, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeremy Hall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- Princess Màxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Psychology Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niklas R Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Costin Leu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont-St-Peter, United Kingdom
| | - David E J Linden
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anne M Maillard
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Herston Imaging Research Facility and School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allan F McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudia Modenato
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Monereo Sánchez
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Derek W Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robin M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Nielsen
- Signal Transduction, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500, Valby, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan M Peralta
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, USA
| | - G Bruce Pike
- Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Bioinformatics Service, Nucleus, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Erin B Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College, London, United Kingdom
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - James J H Rucker
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- University Hospital of Trondheim,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Roskilde, Denmark
- The Translational Genetics Institute (TGEN), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Shin
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana I Silva
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont-St-Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dan J Stein
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lachlan T Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ikuo K Suzuki
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Stem Cell and Developmental Neurobiology Lab, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Brussels (ULB), Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE Genetics (Amgen), Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Vanderhaeghen
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences & Leuven Brain Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Institut de Recherches en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics (Amgen), Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
O'Connell KS, Sønderby IE, Frei O, van der Meer D, Athanasiu L, Smeland OB, Alnæs D, Kaufmann T, Westlye LT, Steen VM, Andreassen OA, Hughes T, Djurovic S. Association between complement component 4A expression, cognitive performance and brain imaging measures in UK Biobank. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-11. [PMID: 33653435 PMCID: PMC9772918 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. BACKGROUND Altered expression of the complement component C4A gene is a known risk factor for schizophrenia. Further, predicted brain C4A expression has also been associated with memory function highlighting that altered C4A expression in the brain may be relevant for cognitive and behavioral traits. METHODS We obtained genetic information and performance measures on seven cognitive tasks for up to 329 773 individuals from the UK Biobank, as well as brain imaging data for a subset of 33 003 participants. Direct genotypes for variants (n = 3213) within the major histocompatibility complex region were used to impute C4 structural variation, from which predicted expression of the C4A and C4B genes in human brain tissue were predicted. We investigated if predicted brain C4A or C4B expression were associated with cognitive performance and brain imaging measures using linear regression analyses. RESULTS We identified significant negative associations between predicted C4A expression and performance on select cognitive tests, and significant associations with MRI-based cortical thickness and surface area in select regions. Finally, we observed significant inconsistent partial mediation of the effects of predicted C4A expression on cognitive performance, by specific brain structure measures. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the C4 risk locus is associated with the central endophenotypes of cognitive performance and brain morphology, even when considered independently of other genetic risk factors and in individuals without mental or neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. O'Connell
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida E. Sønderby
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B. Smeland
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Dr Einar Martens' Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Timothy Hughes
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jersin RÅ, Tallapragada DSP, Madsen A, Skartveit L, Fjære E, McCann A, Lawrence-Archer L, Willems A, Bjune JI, Bjune MS, Våge V, Nielsen HJ, Thorsen HL, Nedrebø BG, Busch C, Steen VM, Blüher M, Jacobson P, Svensson PA, Fernø J, Rydén M, Arner P, Nygård O, Claussnitzer M, Ellingsen S, Madsen L, Sagen JV, Mellgren G, Dankel SN. Role of the Neutral Amino Acid Transporter SLC7A10 in Adipocyte Lipid Storage, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2021; 70:680-695. [PMID: 33408126 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of mechanisms that govern lipid storage, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance may lead to improved therapeutic options for type 2 diabetes and other obesity-related diseases. Here, we find that adipose expression of the small neutral amino acid transporter SLC7A10, also known as alanine-serine-cysteine transporter-1 (ASC-1), shows strong inverse correlates with visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and adipocyte hypertrophy across multiple cohorts. Concordantly, loss of Slc7a10 function in zebrafish in vivo accelerates diet-induced body weight gain and adipocyte enlargement. Mechanistically, SLC7A10 inhibition in human and murine adipocytes decreases adipocyte serine uptake and total glutathione levels and promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Conversely, SLC7A10 overexpression decreases ROS generation and increases mitochondrial respiratory capacity. RNA sequencing revealed consistent changes in gene expression between human adipocytes and zebrafish visceral adipose tissue following loss of SLC7A10, e.g., upregulation of SCD (lipid storage) and downregulation of CPT1A (lipid oxidation). Interestingly, ROS scavenger reduced lipid accumulation and attenuated the lipid-storing effect of SLC7A10 inhibition. These data uncover adipocyte SLC7A10 as a novel important regulator of adipocyte resilience to nutrient and oxidative stress, in part by enhancing glutathione levels and mitochondrial respiration, conducive to decreased ROS generation, lipid accumulation, adipocyte hypertrophy, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regine Å Jersin
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Divya Sri Priyanka Tallapragada
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - André Madsen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Linn Skartveit
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Laurence Lawrence-Archer
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aron Willems
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan-Inge Bjune
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mona S Bjune
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Villy Våge
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Center of Health Research, Førde Hospital Trust, Førde, Norway
| | | | | | - Bjørn Gunnar Nedrebø
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | | | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. E. Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Clinic for Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical Research Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Jacobson
- Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Arne Svensson
- Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Fernø
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ståle Ellingsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn V Sagen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Stem Cell Consortium, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simon N Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gjerde PB, Simonsen CE, Lagerberg TV, Steen NE, Andreassen OA, Steen VM, Melle I. Sex-Specific Effect of Serum Lipids and Body Mass Index on Psychotic Symptoms, a Cross-Sectional Study of First-Episode Psychosis Patients. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:723158. [PMID: 34744818 PMCID: PMC8566674 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.723158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a disorder with considerable heterogeneity in course and outcomes, which is in part related to the patients' sex. Studies report a link between serum lipids, body mass index (BMI), and therapeutic response. However, the role of sex in these relationships is poorly understood. In a cross-sectional sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, we investigated if the relationship between serum lipid levels (total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides), BMI, and symptoms differs between the sexes. Methods: We included 435 FEP patients (males: N = 283, 65%) from the ongoing Thematically Organized Psychosis (TOP) study. Data on clinical status, antipsychotics, lifestyle, serum lipid levels, and BMI were obtained. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) were used to assess psychotic and depressive symptoms. General linear models were employed to examine the relationship between metabolic variables and symptomatology. Results: We observed a female-specific association between serum HDL-C levels and negative symptoms (B = -2.24, p = 0.03) and between triglycerides levels (B = 1.48, p = 0.04) and BMI (B = 0.27, p = 0.001) with depressive symptoms. When controlling for BMI, only the association between serum HDL-C levels and negative symptoms remained significant. Moreover, the HDL-C and BMI associations remained significant after controlling for demography, lifestyle, and illness-related factors. Conclusion: We found a relationship between metabolic factors and psychiatric symptoms in FEP patients that was sex-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanthi B Gjerde
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carmen E Simonsen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine V Lagerberg
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Johnsen E, Kroken RA, Løberg EM, Rettenbacher M, Joa I, Larsen TK, Reitan SK, Walla B, Alisauskiene R, Anda LG, Bartz-Johannessen C, Berle JØ, Bjarke J, Fathian F, Hugdahl K, Kjelby E, Sinkeviciute I, Skrede S, Stabell L, Steen VM, Fleischhacker WW. Amisulpride, aripiprazole, and olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (BeSt InTro): a pragmatic, rater-blind, semi-randomised trial. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:945-954. [PMID: 33069317 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amisulpride, aripiprazole, and olanzapine are first-line atypical antipsychotics that have not previously been compared head-to-head in a pragmatic trial. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of these agents in a controlled trial. METHODS This pragmatic, rater-blind, randomised controlled trial was done in three academic centres of psychiatry in Norway, and one in Austria. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older, met ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (F20-29), and had symptoms of active psychosis. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive oral amisulpride, aripiprazole, or olanzapine. Treatment allocation was open to patients and staff, and starting dose, treatment changes, and adjustments were left to the discretion of the treating physician. Computer-generated randomisation lists for each study centre were prepared by independent statisticians. Patients were followed up for 52 weeks after random assignment, during which assessments were done 8 times by researchers masked to treatment. The primary outcome was reduction of the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score at 52 weeks, and primary analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01446328. FINDINGS Between Oct 20, 2011, and Dec 30, 2016, we assessed 359 patients for eligibility. 215 patients were excluded (107 did not meet inclusion criteria, 82 declined to participate, 26 other reasons). 144 patients (mean baseline PANSS total estimated score 78·4 [SD 1·4]) were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive amisulpride (44 patients), aripiprazole (48 patients) or olanzapine (52 patients). After 52 weeks, the patients allocated to amisulpride had a PANSS total score reduction of 32·7 points (SD 3·1) compared with 21·9 points reduction with aripiprazole (SD 3·9, p=0·027) and 23·3 points with olanzapine (2·9, p=0·025). We observed weight gain and increases of serum lipids and prolactin in all groups. 26 serious adverse events (SAEs) among 20 patients were registered (four [9%] of 44 patients allocated to amisulpride, ten [21%] of 48 patients allocated to aripiprazole, and six [12%] of 52 patients allocated to olanzapine), with no statistically significant differences between the study drugs. 17 (65%) of the 26 SAEs occurred during the use of the study drug, with readmission or protracted hospital admission accounting for 13 SAEs. One death by suicide, one unspecified death, and one life-threatening accident occurred during follow-up, after cessation of treatment. INTERPRETATION Amisulpride was more efficacious than aripiprazole or olanzapine for reducing the PANSS total scores in adults with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Side-effect differences among the groups were generally small. This study supports the notion that clinically relevant efficacy differences exist between antipsychotic drugs. Future research should aim to compare first-line antipsychotics directly in pragmatic clinical trials that reflect everyday clinical practice. FUNDING The Research Council of Norway, the Western Norway Regional Health Trust, and participating hospitals and universities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Johnsen
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research Centre of Excellence, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Rune A Kroken
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research Centre of Excellence, Bergen, Norway
| | - Else-Marie Løberg
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research Centre of Excellence, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Inge Joa
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tor Ketil Larsen
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solveig Klæbo Reitan
- St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit Walla
- St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Renata Alisauskiene
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Jan Øystein Berle
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research Centre of Excellence, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jill Bjarke
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Farivar Fathian
- Norske Kvinners Sanitetsforening Olaviken Gerontopsychiatric Hospital, Erdal, Norway; The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research Centre of Excellence, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik Kjelby
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research Centre of Excellence, Bergen, Norway
| | - Igne Sinkeviciute
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research Centre of Excellence, Bergen, Norway
| | - Silje Skrede
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lena Stabell
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research Centre of Excellence, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research Centre of Excellence, Bergen, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
van der Meer D, Sønderby IE, Kaufmann T, Walters GB, Abdellaoui A, Ames D, Amunts K, Andersson M, Armstrong NJ, Bernard M, Blackburn NB, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Bülow R, Cahn W, Calhoun VD, Caspers S, Cavalleri GL, Ching CRK, Cichon S, Ciufolini S, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Dalvie S, Dazzan P, de Geus EJC, de Zubicaray GI, de Zwarte SMC, Delanty N, den Braber A, Desrivieres S, Di Forti M, Doherty JL, Donohoe G, Ehrlich S, Eising E, Espeseth T, Fisher SE, Fladby T, Frei O, Frouin V, Fukunaga M, Gareau T, Glahn DC, Grabe HJ, Groenewold NA, Gústafsson Ó, Haavik J, Haberg AK, Hashimoto R, Hehir-Kwa JY, Hibar DP, Hillegers MHJ, Hoffmann P, Holleran L, Hottenga JJ, Hulshoff Pol HE, Ikeda M, Jacquemont S, Jahanshad N, Jockwitz C, Johansson S, Jönsson EG, Kikuchi M, Knowles EEM, Kwok JB, Le Hellard S, Linden DEJ, Liu J, Lundervold A, Lundervold AJ, Martin NG, Mather KA, Mathias SR, McMahon KL, McRae AF, Medland SE, Moberget T, Moreau C, Morris DW, Mühleisen TW, Murray RM, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Olde Loohuis LM, Ophoff RA, Owen MJ, Paus T, Pausova Z, Peralta JM, Pike B, Prieto C, Quinlan EB, Reinbold CS, Reis Marques T, Rucker JJH, Sachdev PS, Sando SB, Schofield PR, Schork AJ, Schumann G, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Silva AI, Sisodiya SM, Steen VM, Stein DJ, Strike LT, Tamnes CK, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Uhlmann A, Úlfarsson MÖ, van 't Ent D, van den Bree MBM, Vassos E, Wen W, Wittfeld K, Wright MJ, Zayats T, Dale AM, Djurovic S, Agartz I, Westlye LT, Stefánsson H, Stefánsson K, Thompson PM, Andreassen OA. Association of Copy Number Variation of the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Region With Cortical and Subcortical Morphology and Cognition. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:420-430. [PMID: 31665216 PMCID: PMC6822096 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Importance Recurrent microdeletions and duplications in the genomic region 15q11.2 between breakpoints 1 (BP1) and 2 (BP2) are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. These structural variants are present in 0.5% to 1.0% of the population, making 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 the site of the most prevalent known pathogenic copy number variation (CNV). It is unknown to what extent this CNV influences brain structure and affects cognitive abilities. Objective To determine the association of the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion and duplication CNVs with cortical and subcortical brain morphology and cognitive task performance. Design, Setting, and Participants In this genetic association study, T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging were combined with genetic data from the ENIGMA-CNV consortium and the UK Biobank, with a replication cohort from Iceland. In total, 203 deletion carriers, 45 247 noncarriers, and 306 duplication carriers were included. Data were collected from August 2015 to April 2019, and data were analyzed from September 2018 to September 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The associations of the CNV with global and regional measures of surface area and cortical thickness as well as subcortical volumes were investigated, correcting for age, age2, sex, scanner, and intracranial volume. Additionally, measures of cognitive ability were analyzed in the full UK Biobank cohort. Results Of 45 756 included individuals, the mean (SD) age was 55.8 (18.3) years, and 23 754 (51.9%) were female. Compared with noncarriers, deletion carriers had a lower surface area (Cohen d = -0.41; SE, 0.08; P = 4.9 × 10-8), thicker cortex (Cohen d = 0.36; SE, 0.07; P = 1.3 × 10-7), and a smaller nucleus accumbens (Cohen d = -0.27; SE, 0.07; P = 7.3 × 10-5). There was also a significant negative dose response on cortical thickness (β = -0.24; SE, 0.05; P = 6.8 × 10-7). Regional cortical analyses showed a localization of the effects to the frontal, cingulate, and parietal lobes. Further, cognitive ability was lower for deletion carriers compared with noncarriers on 5 of 7 tasks. Conclusions and Relevance These findings, from the largest CNV neuroimaging study to date, provide evidence that 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 structural variation is associated with brain morphology and cognition, with deletion carriers being particularly affected. The pattern of results fits with known molecular functions of genes in the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 region and suggests involvement of these genes in neuronal plasticity. These neurobiological effects likely contribute to the association of this CNV with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis van der Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Ames
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Kew, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Juelich, Germany
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Manon Bernard
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas B Blackburn
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Altrecht Science, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta
- The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Juelich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- The School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- The SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Los Angeles
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IdahoIVAL, Centre de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
- University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, IBiS, Centre de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sonja M C de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Norman Delanty
- The SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
- Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvane Desrivieres
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L Doherty
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Psychological and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Else Eising
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
- University of Oslo, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Le Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Sokendai, Hayama, Japan
| | - Thomas Gareau
- Neurospin, Le Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David C Glahn
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asta K Haberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- St Olav's Hospital, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia's Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John B Kwok
- The University of Sydney Central Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - David E J Linden
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Herston Imaging Research Facility and School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allan F McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clara Moreau
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Derek W Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robin M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan M Peralta
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville
| | - Bruce Pike
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Bioinformatics Service, Nucleus, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James J H Rucker
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter R Schofield
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Shin
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana I Silva
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lachlan T Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, IdahoIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Magnús Ö Úlfarsson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tetyana Zayats
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kári Stefánsson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Grasby KL, Jahanshad N, Painter JN, Colodro-Conde L, Bralten J, Hibar DP, Lind PA, Pizzagalli F, Ching CRK, McMahon MAB, Shatokhina N, Zsembik LCP, Thomopoulos SI, Zhu AH, Strike LT, Agartz I, Alhusaini S, Almeida MAA, Alnæs D, Amlien IK, Andersson M, Ard T, Armstrong NJ, Ashley-Koch A, Atkins JR, Bernard M, Brouwer RM, Buimer EEL, Bülow R, Bürger C, Cannon DM, Chakravarty M, Chen Q, Cheung JW, Couvy-Duchesne B, Dale AM, Dalvie S, de Araujo TK, de Zubicaray GI, de Zwarte SMC, den Braber A, Doan NT, Dohm K, Ehrlich S, Engelbrecht HR, Erk S, Fan CC, Fedko IO, Foley SF, Ford JM, Fukunaga M, Garrett ME, Ge T, Giddaluru S, Goldman AL, Green MJ, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gurholt TP, Gutman BA, Hansell NK, Harris MA, Harrison MB, Haswell CC, Hauser M, Herms S, Heslenfeld DJ, Ho NF, Hoehn D, Hoffmann P, Holleran L, Hoogman M, Hottenga JJ, Ikeda M, Janowitz D, Jansen IE, Jia T, Jockwitz C, Kanai R, Karama S, Kasperaviciute D, Kaufmann T, Kelly S, Kikuchi M, Klein M, Knapp M, Knodt AR, Krämer B, Lam M, Lancaster TM, Lee PH, Lett TA, Lewis LB, Lopes-Cendes I, Luciano M, Macciardi F, Marquand AF, Mathias SR, Melzer TR, Milaneschi Y, Mirza-Schreiber N, Moreira JCV, Mühleisen TW, Müller-Myhsok B, Najt P, Nakahara S, Nho K, Loohuis LMO, Orfanos DP, Pearson JF, Pitcher TL, Pütz B, Quidé Y, Ragothaman A, Rashid FM, Reay WR, Redlich R, Reinbold CS, Repple J, Richard G, Riede BC, Risacher SL, Rocha CS, Mota NR, Salminen L, Saremi A, Saykin AJ, Schlag F, Schmaal L, Schofield PR, Secolin R, Shapland CY, Shen L, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Sønderby IE, Sprooten E, Tansey KE, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Turner JA, Uhlmann A, Vallerga CL, van derMeer D, van Donkelaar MMJ, van Eijk L, van Erp TGM, van Haren NEM, van Rooij D, van Tol MJ, Veldink JH, Verhoef E, Walton E, Wang M, Wang Y, Wardlaw JM, Wen W, Westlye LT, Whelan CD, Witt SH, Wittfeld K, Wolf C, Wolfers T, Wu JQ, Yasuda CL, Zaremba D, Zhang Z, Zwiers MP, Artiges E, Assareh AA, Ayesa-Arriola R, Belger A, Brandt CL, Brown GG, Cichon S, Curran JE, Davies GE, Degenhardt F, Dennis MF, Dietsche B, Djurovic S, Doherty CP, Espiritu R, Garijo D, Gil Y, Gowland PA, Green RC, Häusler AN, Heindel W, Ho BC, Hoffmann WU, Holsboer F, Homuth G, Hosten N, Jack CR, Jang M, Jansen A, Kimbrel NA, Kolskår K, Koops S, Krug A, Lim KO, Luykx JJ, Mathalon DH, Mather KA, Mattay VS, Matthews S, Van Son JM, McEwen SC, Melle I, Morris DW, Mueller BA, Nauck M, Nordvik JE, Nöthen MM, O’Leary DS, Opel N, Martinot MLP, Pike GB, Preda A, Quinlan EB, Rasser PE, Ratnakar V, Reppermund S, Steen VM, Tooney PA, Torres FR, Veltman DJ, Voyvodic JT, Whelan R, White T, Yamamori H, Adams HHH, Bis JC, Debette S, Decarli C, Fornage M, Gudnason V, Hofer E, Ikram MA, Launer L, Longstreth WT, Lopez OL, Mazoyer B, Mosley TH, Roshchupkin GV, Satizabal CL, Schmidt R, Seshadri S, Yang Q, Alvim MKM, Ames D, Anderson TJ, Andreassen OA, Arias-Vasquez A, Bastin ME, Baune BT, Beckham JC, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brunner HG, Buckner RL, Buitelaar JK, Bustillo JR, Cahn W, Cairns MJ, Calhoun V, Carr VJ, Caseras X, Caspers S, Cavalleri GL, Cendes F, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Dannlowski U, de Geus EJC, Deary IJ, Delanty N, Depondt C, Desrivières S, Donohoe G, Espeseth T, Fernández G, Fisher SE, Flor H, Forstner AJ, Francks C, Franke B, Glahn DC, Gollub RL, Grabe HJ, Gruber O, Håberg AK, Hariri AR, Hartman CA, Hashimoto R, Heinz A, Henskens FA, Hillegers MHJ, Hoekstra PJ, Holmes AJ, Hong LE, Hopkins WD, Pol HEH, Jernigan TL, Jönsson EG, Kahn RS, Kennedy MA, Kircher TTJ, Kochunov P, Kwok JBJ, Le Hellard S, Loughland CM, Martin NG, Martinot JL, McDonald C, McMahon KL, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Michie PT, Morey RA, Mowry B, Nyberg L, Oosterlaan J, Ophoff RA, Pantelis C, Paus T, Pausova Z, Penninx BWJH, Polderman TJC, Posthuma D, Rietschel M, Roffman JL, Rowland LM, Sachdev PS, Sämann PG, Schall U, Schumann G, Scott RJ, Sim K, Sisodiya SM, Smoller JW, Sommer IE, St Pourcain B, Stein DJ, Toga AW, Trollor JN, Van der Wee NJA, van ‘t Ent D, Völzke H, Walter H, Weber B, Weinberger DR, Wright MJ, Zhou J, Stein JL, Thompson PM, Medland SE. The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex. Science 2020; 367:eaay6690. [PMID: 32193296 PMCID: PMC7295264 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L. Grasby
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jodie N. Painter
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucía Colodro-Conde
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Derrek P. Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Personalized Healthcare, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Penelope A. Lind
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fabrizio Pizzagalli
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Graduate Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Agnes B. McMahon
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Shatokhina
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leo C. P. Zsembik
- Department of Genetics and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa H. Zhu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lachlan T. Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saud Alhusaini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Neurology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcio A. A. Almeida
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K. Amlien
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tyler Ard
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua R. Atkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Manon Bernard
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth E. L. Buimer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute for Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Bürger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dara M. Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mallar Chakravarty
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua W. Cheung
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tânia K. de Araujo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Greig I. de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sonja M. C. de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannah-Ruth Engelbrecht
- Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susanne Erk
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Iryna O. Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sonya F. Foley
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Judith M. Ford
- San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Melanie E. Garrett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Melissa J. Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nynke A. Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Tiril P. Gurholt
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Boris A. Gutman
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Narelle K. Hansell
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mathew A. Harris
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc B. Harrison
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Courtney C. Haswell
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk J. Heslenfeld
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - New Fei Ho
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Iris E. Jansen
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and BrainInspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ryota Kanai
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Araya, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sherif Karama
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dalia Kasperaviciute
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Public Psychiatry Division, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Knapp
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annchen R. Knodt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Max Lam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas M. Lancaster
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Phil H. Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tristram A. Lett
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lindsay B. Lewis
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andre F. Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Samuel R. Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Tracy R. Melzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nazanin Mirza-Schreiber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jose C. V. Moreira
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- IC-Institute of Computing, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thomas W. Mühleisen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pablo Najt
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Soichiro Nakahara
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharmaceuticals, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Loes M. Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - John F. Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Toni L. Pitcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anjanibhargavi Ragothaman
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Faisal M. Rashid
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William R. Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Céline S. Reinbold
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Geneviève Richard
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Brandalyn C. Riede
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cristiane S. Rocha
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nina R. Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lauren Salminen
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arvin Saremi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fenja Schlag
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Secolin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Chin Yang Shapland
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Population Neuroscience & Developmental Neuroimaging, Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, East York, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ida E. Sønderby
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katherine E. Tansey
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Costanza L. Vallerga
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dennis van derMeer
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Liza van Eijk
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan H. Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen Verhoef
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher D. Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie H. Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jing Qin Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Clarissa L. Yasuda
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dario Zaremba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Zuo Zhang
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eric Artiges
- INSERM ERL Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, and CNRS 9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Amelia A. Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christine L. Brandt
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gregory G. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michelle F. Dennis
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bruno Dietsche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Colin P. Doherty
- Department of Neurology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Academic Unit of Neurology, TBSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Future Neuro, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ryan Espiritu
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Garijo
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yolanda Gil
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Penny A. Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert C. Green
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander N. Häusler
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wolfgang U. Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- HMNC Holding GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- University Medicine Greifswald, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - MiHyun Jang
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Core-Unit Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Knut Kolskår
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Sanne Koops
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kelvin O. Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jurjen J. Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, Netherlands
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Mental Health Service 116d, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karen A. Mather
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Venkata S. Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Matthews
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Jaqueline Mayoral Van Son
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Sarah C. McEwen
- Pacific Brain Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bryon A. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel S. O’Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- INSERM ERL Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, and CNRS 9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- APHP.Sorbonne Université, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - G. Bruce Pike
- Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Adrian Preda
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Erin B. Quinlan
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paul E. Rasser
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Varun Ratnakar
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Paul A. Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Fábio R. Torres
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - James T. Voyvodic
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hieab H. H. Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Debette
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charles Decarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W. T. Longstreth
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- MIND Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gennady V. Roshchupkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marina K. M. Alvim
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim J. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Neurology, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mark E. Bastin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham, VA Healthcare System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Han G. Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Juan R. Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Murray J. Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vaughan J. Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gianpiero L. Cavalleri
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- The SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fernando Cendes
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, IBiS, Universidad De Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - John C. Dalrymple-Alford
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Norman Delanty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Future Neuro, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Forstner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Clyde Francks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David C. Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randy L. Gollub
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asta K. Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ahmad R. Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frans A. Henskens
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Health Behaviour Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Manon H. J. Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William D. Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Terry L. Jernigan
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - René S. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin A. Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tilo T. J. Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John B. J. Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neurogenetics and Epigenetics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carmel M. Loughland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter New England Mental Health Service, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM ERL Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, and CNRS 9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katie L. McMahon
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Herston Imaging Research Facility, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patricia T. Michie
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bryan Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children’s Hospital Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Clinical Neuropsychology section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- NorthWestern Mental Health, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tinca J. C. Polderman
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joshua L. Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M. Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ulrich Schall
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- PONS Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie, Charité Campus Mitte, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- General Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay M. Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, ChalfontSt-Peter, UK
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iris E. Sommer
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Biological Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Dennis van ‘t Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Weber
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience, Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret J. Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Juan Zhou
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason L. Stein
- Department of Genetics and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sønderby IE, Gústafsson Ó, Doan NT, Hibar DP, Martin-Brevet S, Abdellaoui A, Ames D, Amunts K, Andersson M, Armstrong NJ, Bernard M, Blackburn N, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Bralten J, Brattbak HR, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Bülow R, Calhoun V, Caspers S, Cavalleri G, Chen CH, Cichon S, Ciufolini S, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Dale AM, Dalvie S, Dazzan P, de Geus EJC, de Zubicaray GI, de Zwarte SMC, Delanty N, den Braber A, Desrivières S, Donohoe G, Draganski B, Ehrlich S, Espeseth T, Fisher SE, Franke B, Frouin V, Fukunaga M, Gareau T, Glahn DC, Grabe H, Groenewold NA, Haavik J, Håberg A, Hashimoto R, Hehir-Kwa JY, Heinz A, Hillegers MHJ, Hoffmann P, Holleran L, Hottenga JJ, Hulshoff HE, Ikeda M, Jahanshad N, Jernigan T, Jockwitz C, Johansson S, Jonsdottir GA, Jönsson EG, Kahn R, Kaufmann T, Kelly S, Kikuchi M, Knowles EEM, Kolskår KK, Kwok JB, Hellard SL, Leu C, Liu J, Lundervold AJ, Lundervold A, Martin NG, Mather K, Mathias SR, McCormack M, McMahon KL, McRae A, Milaneschi Y, Moreau C, Morris D, Mothersill D, Mühleisen TW, Murray R, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Olde Loohuis LM, Ophoff R, Paus T, Pausova Z, Penninx B, Peralta JM, Pike B, Prieto C, Pudas S, Quinlan E, Quintana DS, Reinbold CS, Marques TR, Reymond A, Richard G, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Roiz-Santiañez R, Rokicki J, Rucker J, Sachdev P, Sanders AM, Sando SB, Schmaal L, Schofield PR, Schork AJ, Schumann G, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Sisodiya S, Steen VM, Stein DJ, Steinberg S, Strike L, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Turner J, Ueland T, Uhlmann A, Ulfarsson MO, van 't Ent D, van der Meer D, van Haren NEM, Vaskinn A, Vassos E, Walters GB, Wang Y, Wen W, Whelan CD, Wittfeld K, Wright M, Yamamori H, Zayats T, Agartz I, Westlye LT, Jacquemont S, Djurovic S, Stefánsson H, Stefánsson K, Thompson P, Andreassen OA. Dose response of the 16p11.2 distal copy number variant on intracranial volume and basal ganglia. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:584-602. [PMID: 30283035 PMCID: PMC7042770 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carriers of large recurrent copy number variants (CNVs) have a higher risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders. The 16p11.2 distal CNV predisposes carriers to e.g., autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. We compared subcortical brain volumes of 12 16p11.2 distal deletion and 12 duplication carriers to 6882 non-carriers from the large-scale brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging collaboration, ENIGMA-CNV. After stringent CNV calling procedures, and standardized FreeSurfer image analysis, we found negative dose-response associations with copy number on intracranial volume and on regional caudate, pallidum and putamen volumes (β = -0.71 to -1.37; P < 0.0005). In an independent sample, consistent results were obtained, with significant effects in the pallidum (β = -0.95, P = 0.0042). The two data sets combined showed significant negative dose-response for the accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen and ICV (P = 0.0032, 8.9 × 10-6, 1.7 × 10-9, 3.5 × 10-12 and 1.0 × 10-4, respectively). Full scale IQ was lower in both deletion and duplication carriers compared to non-carriers. This is the first brain MRI study of the impact of the 16p11.2 distal CNV, and we demonstrate a specific effect on subcortical brain structures, suggesting a neuropathological pattern underlying the neurodevelopmental syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida E Sønderby
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Derrek P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
- Janssen Research and Development, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Michael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Manon Bernard
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Nicholas Blackburn
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Richard Brattbak
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vince Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, Mexico
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cavalleri
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Genomic Imaging, Research Centre Juelich, Leo-Brandt-Strasse 5, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ciufolini
- Psychosis Studies, Insitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespingy Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Anzio Road, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University medical center, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, NH, Netherlands
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sonja M C de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norman Delanty
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3700, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG) & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN - Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Thomas Gareau
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David C Glahn
- Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, Suite 6E, 6511, New Haven, Vaud, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 300 George Street, 6106, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Hans Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Anzio Road, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asta Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie, Charite, Humboldt University, Chariteplatz 1, 10017, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Child and adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Erasmus medical center-Sophia's Childerens hospitaal, Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 8, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laurena Holleran
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
| | - Terry Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, R5:00, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rene Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sinead Kelly
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 40 Temple Street, 6515, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Knut K Kolskår
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Costin Leu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Liu
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd., 87106, Albuquerque, CT, USA
- Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, 87131, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 40 Temple Street, 6515, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark McCormack
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allan McRae
- Program in Complex Trait Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Moreau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Derek Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG) & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - David Mothersill
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Genomic Imaging, Research Centre Juelich, Leo-Brandt-Strasse 5, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robin Murray
- Departments of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan E Nordvik
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Roel Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Tomas Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Center for Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Juan M Peralta
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., 78520, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Bruce Pike
- Departments of Radiology & Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Bioinformatics Service, Nucleus, University of Salamanca (USAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sara Pudas
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Linnéus väg 9, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erin Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine, Social, Genetic and Development Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Daniel S Quintana
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, United Kingdom
- Psychiatry Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Genevieve Richard
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roberto Roiz-Santiañez
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Jarek Rokicki
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - James Rucker
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Anne-Marthe Sanders
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Edvard Griegs gate 8, N-7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Road, 3502, Parkville, New Mexico, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, 3502, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, London, UK
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dan J Stein
- Dept of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Anzio Rd, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Lachlan Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbu Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities. Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
| | - Jessica Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Anzio Road, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, TBH Francie van Zijl Avenue, 7500, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, 1 South Prospect Street, 5401, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher D Whelan
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margie Wright
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetyana Zayats
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 424, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kári Stefánsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Steen VM. Fritt frem for kunnskapssvake medisinstudenter. Tidsskriftet 2020; 140:20-0733. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
25
|
van der Meer D, Rokicki J, Kaufmann T, Córdova-Palomera A, Moberget T, Alnæs D, Bettella F, Frei O, Doan NT, Sønderby IE, Smeland OB, Agartz I, Bertolino A, Bralten J, Brandt CL, Buitelaar JK, Djurovic S, van Donkelaar M, Dørum ES, Espeseth T, Faraone SV, Fernández G, Fisher SE, Franke B, Haatveit B, Hartman CA, Hoekstra PJ, Håberg AK, Jönsson EG, Kolskår KK, Le Hellard S, Lund MJ, Lundervold AJ, Lundervold A, Melle I, Monereo Sánchez J, Norbom LC, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Oosterlaan J, Papalino M, Papassotiropoulos A, Pergola G, de Quervain DJF, Richard G, Sanders AM, Selvaggi P, Shumskaya E, Steen VM, Tønnesen S, Ulrichsen KM, Zwiers MP, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. Brain scans from 21,297 individuals reveal the genetic architecture of hippocampal subfield volumes. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3053-3065. [PMID: 30279459 PMCID: PMC6445783 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a heterogeneous structure, comprising histologically distinguishable subfields. These subfields are differentially involved in memory consolidation, spatial navigation and pattern separation, complex functions often impaired in individuals with brain disorders characterized by reduced hippocampal volume, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Given the structural and functional heterogeneity of the hippocampal formation, we sought to characterize the subfields' genetic architecture. T1-weighted brain scans (n = 21,297, 16 cohorts) were processed with the hippocampal subfields algorithm in FreeSurfer v6.0. We ran a genome-wide association analysis on each subfield, co-varying for whole hippocampal volume. We further calculated the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability of 12 subfields, as well as their genetic correlation with each other, with other structural brain features and with AD and schizophrenia. All outcome measures were corrected for age, sex and intracranial volume. We found 15 unique genome-wide significant loci across six subfields, of which eight had not been previously linked to the hippocampus. Top SNPs were mapped to genes associated with neuronal differentiation, locomotor behaviour, schizophrenia and AD. The volumes of all the subfields were estimated to be heritable (h2 from 0.14 to 0.27, all p < 1 × 10-16) and clustered together based on their genetic correlations compared with other structural brain features. There was also evidence of genetic overlap of subicular subfield volumes with schizophrenia. We conclude that hippocampal subfields have partly distinct genetic determinants associated with specific biological processes and traits. Taking into account this specificity may increase our understanding of hippocampal neurobiology and associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aldo Córdova-Palomera
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida E. Sønderby
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B. Smeland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy ,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Janita Bralten
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Brandt
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marjolein van Donkelaar
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Erlend S. Dørum
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.416731.60000 0004 0612 1014Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- grid.411023.50000 0000 9159 4457Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - Guillén Fernández
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands ,grid.419550.c0000 0004 0501 3839Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Beathe Haatveit
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Asta K. Håberg
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knut K. Kolskår
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.416731.60000 0004 0612 1014Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,grid.412008.f0000 0000 9753 1393Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martina J. Lund
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astri J. Lundervold
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer Monereo Sánchez
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn C. Norbom
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan E. Nordvik
- grid.416731.60000 0004 0612 1014Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Departments of Radiation Sciences and Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam & Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group at Emma Children’s Hospital, department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Papalino
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Life Sciences Training Facility, Department Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Pergola
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Dominique J. F. de Quervain
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Geneviève Richard
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.416731.60000 0004 0612 1014Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Anne-Marthe Sanders
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.416731.60000 0004 0612 1014Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Pierluigi Selvaggi
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,grid.412008.f0000 0000 9753 1393Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Siren Tønnesen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine M. Ulrichsen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.416731.60000 0004 0612 1014Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kaufmann T, van der Meer D, Doan NT, Schwarz E, Lund MJ, Agartz I, Alnæs D, Barch DM, Baur-Streubel R, Bertolino A, Bettella F, Beyer MK, Bøen E, Borgwardt S, Brandt CL, Buitelaar J, Celius EG, Cervenka S, Conzelmann A, Córdova-Palomera A, Dale AM, de Quervain DJF, Di Carlo P, Djurovic S, Dørum ES, Eisenacher S, Elvsåshagen T, Espeseth T, Fatouros-Bergman H, Flyckt L, Franke B, Frei O, Haatveit B, Håberg AK, Harbo HF, Hartman CA, Heslenfeld D, Hoekstra PJ, Høgestøl EA, Jernigan TL, Jonassen R, Jönsson EG, Kirsch P, Kłoszewska I, Kolskår KK, Landrø NI, Le Hellard S, Lesch KP, Lovestone S, Lundervold A, Lundervold AJ, Maglanoc LA, Malt UF, Mecocci P, Melle I, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Moberget T, Norbom LB, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Oosterlaan J, Papalino M, Papassotiropoulos A, Pauli P, Pergola G, Persson K, Richard G, Rokicki J, Sanders AM, Selbæk G, Shadrin AA, Smeland OB, Soininen H, Sowa P, Steen VM, Tsolaki M, Ulrichsen KM, Vellas B, Wang L, Westman E, Ziegler GC, Zink M, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:1617-1623. [PMID: 31551603 PMCID: PMC6823048 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Common risk factors for psychiatric and other brain disorders are likely to converge on biological pathways influencing the development and maintenance of brain structure and function across life. Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3-96 years, we demonstrate distinct patterns of apparent brain aging in several brain disorders and reveal genetic pleiotropy between apparent brain aging in healthy individuals and common brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martina J Lund
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
- Department of Psychiatry Washington, University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
- Department of Radiology Washington, University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Institute of Psychiatry Bari University Hospital, Bari, Italy
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona K Beyer
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Section of Neuroradiology Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Department of Psychiatry Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Psychosomatic and CL Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatry King's College, London, UK
| | - Christine L Brandt
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G Celius
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aldo Córdova-Palomera
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dominique J F de Quervain
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pasquale Di Carlo
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erlend S Dørum
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Sarah Eisenacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Helena Fatouros-Bergman
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Flyckt
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beathe Haatveit
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asta K Håberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science Norwegian, University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne F Harbo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Heslenfeld
- Clinical Neuropsychology section Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Einar A Høgestøl
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terry L Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Rune Jonassen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iwona Kłoszewska
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Knut K Kolskår
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Nils Inge Landrø
- Department of Psychiatry Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS) Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Luigi A Maglanoc
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrik F Malt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn B Norbom
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lars Nyberg
- Departments of Radiation Sciences and Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Clinical Neuropsychology section Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Papalino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Life Sciences Training Facility, Department Biozentrum University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology I, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Karin Persson
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Geneviève Richard
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Marthe Sanders
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Alexey A Shadrin
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Piotr Sowa
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Section of Neuroradiology Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. E. Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kristine M Ulrichsen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Bruno Vellas
- UMR Inserm 1027, CHU Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georg C Ziegler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Zink
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- District hospital Ansbach, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lam M, Hill WD, Trampush JW, Yu J, Knowles E, Davies G, Stahl E, Huckins L, Liewald DC, Djurovic S, Melle I, Sundet K, Christoforou A, Reinvang I, DeRosse P, Lundervold AJ, Steen VM, Espeseth T, Räikkönen K, Widen E, Palotie A, Eriksson JG, Giegling I, Konte B, Hartmann AM, Roussos P, Giakoumaki S, Burdick KE, Payton A, Ollier W, Chiba-Falek O, Attix DK, Need AC, Cirulli ET, Voineskos AN, Stefanis NC, Avramopoulos D, Hatzimanolis A, Arking DE, Smyrnis N, Bilder RM, Freimer NA, Cannon TD, London E, Poldrack RA, Sabb FW, Congdon E, Conley ED, Scult MA, Dickinson D, Straub RE, Donohoe G, Morris D, Corvin A, Gill M, Hariri AR, Weinberger DR, Pendleton N, Bitsios P, Rujescu D, Lahti J, Le Hellard S, Keller MC, Andreassen OA, Deary IJ, Glahn DC, Malhotra AK, Lencz T. Pleiotropic Meta-Analysis of Cognition, Education, and Schizophrenia Differentiates Roles of Early Neurodevelopmental and Adult Synaptic Pathways. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:334-350. [PMID: 31374203 PMCID: PMC6699140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to schizophrenia is inversely correlated with general cognitive ability at both the phenotypic and the genetic level. Paradoxically, a modest but consistent positive genetic correlation has been reported between schizophrenia and educational attainment, despite the strong positive genetic correlation between cognitive ability and educational attainment. Here we leverage published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in cognitive ability, education, and schizophrenia to parse biological mechanisms underlying these results. Association analysis based on subsets (ASSET), a pleiotropic meta-analytic technique, allowed jointly associated loci to be identified and characterized. Specifically, we identified subsets of variants associated in the expected ("concordant") direction across all three phenotypes (i.e., greater risk for schizophrenia, lower cognitive ability, and lower educational attainment); these were contrasted with variants that demonstrated the counterintuitive ("discordant") relationship between education and schizophrenia (i.e., greater risk for schizophrenia and higher educational attainment). ASSET analysis revealed 235 independent loci associated with cognitive ability, education, and/or schizophrenia at p < 5 × 10-8. Pleiotropic analysis successfully identified more than 100 loci that were not significant in the input GWASs. Many of these have been validated by larger, more recent single-phenotype GWASs. Leveraging the joint genetic correlations of cognitive ability, education, and schizophrenia, we were able to dissociate two distinct biological mechanisms-early neurodevelopmental pathways that characterize concordant allelic variation and adulthood synaptic pruning pathways-that were linked to the paradoxical positive genetic association between education and schizophrenia. Furthermore, genetic correlation analyses revealed that these mechanisms contribute not only to the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia but also to the broader biological dimensions implicated in both general health outcomes and psychiatric illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Lam
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, 539747, Singapore; Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - W David Hill
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Joey W Trampush
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jin Yu
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA
| | - Emma Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eli Stahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Laura Huckins
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - David C Liewald
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen 4956, Nydalen 0424, Norway; Norsk Senter for Forskning på Mentale Lidelser, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen 4956, Nydalen 0424, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Norsk Senter for Forskning på Mentale Lidelser, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen 4956, Nydalen 0424, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 1039, Blindern 0315, Norway
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 1039, Blindern 0315, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 1094, Blindern 0317, Norway
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 7804, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 1094, Blindern 0317, Norway
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, 7807, N-5020, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Norsk Senter for Forskning på Mentale Lidelser, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen 4956, Nydalen 0424, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 7804, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 1039, Blindern 0315, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 1094, Blindern 0317, Norway
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06108, Germany
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06108, Germany
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06108, Germany
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | | | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Antony Payton
- Division of Informatics, Imaging, and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M139NT, United Kingdom
| | - William Ollier
- Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, United Kingdom; School of Healthcare Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Deborah K Attix
- Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anna C Need
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Nikos C Stefanis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece; University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens 115 27, Greece; Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alex Hatzimanolis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto M6J 1H4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece; University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Dan E Arking
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto M6J 1H4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Robert M Bilder
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nelson A Freimer
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Edythe London
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | | | - Fred W Sabb
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97401, USA
| | - Eliza Congdon
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | | | - Matthew A Scult
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Dwight Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Richard E Straub
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Neuroimaging, Cognition, and Genomics Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Derek Morris
- Neuroimaging, Cognition, and Genomics Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06108, Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- Norsk Senter for Forskning på Mentale Lidelser, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen 4956, Nydalen 0424, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 7804, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norsk Senter for Forskning på Mentale Lidelser, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen 4956, Nydalen 0424, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 1039, Blindern 0315, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0318, Norway
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Davies G, Lam M, Harris SE, Trampush JW, Luciano M, Hill WD, Hagenaars SP, Ritchie SJ, Marioni RE, Fawns-Ritchie C, Liewald DCM, Okely JA, Ahola-Olli AV, Barnes CLK, Bertram L, Bis JC, Burdick KE, Christoforou A, DeRosse P, Djurovic S, Espeseth T, Giakoumaki S, Giddaluru S, Gustavson DE, Hayward C, Hofer E, Ikram MA, Karlsson R, Knowles E, Lahti J, Leber M, Li S, Mather KA, Melle I, Morris D, Oldmeadow C, Palviainen T, Payton A, Pazoki R, Petrovic K, Reynolds CA, Sargurupremraj M, Scholz M, Smith JA, Smith AV, Terzikhan N, Thalamuthu A, Trompet S, van der Lee SJ, Ware EB, Windham BG, Wright MJ, Yang J, Yu J, Ames D, Amin N, Amouyel P, Andreassen OA, Armstrong NJ, Assareh AA, Attia JR, Attix D, Avramopoulos D, Bennett DA, Böhmer AC, Boyle PA, Brodaty H, Campbell H, Cannon TD, Cirulli ET, Congdon E, Conley ED, Corley J, Cox SR, Dale AM, Dehghan A, Dick D, Dickinson D, Eriksson JG, Evangelou E, Faul JD, Ford I, Freimer NA, Gao H, Giegling I, Gillespie NA, Gordon SD, Gottesman RF, Griswold ME, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Hartmann AM, Hatzimanolis A, Heiss G, Holliday EG, Joshi PK, Kähönen M, Kardia SLR, Karlsson I, Kleineidam L, Knopman DS, Kochan NA, Konte B, Kwok JB, Le Hellard S, Lee T, Lehtimäki T, Li SC, Lill CM, Liu T, Koini M, London E, Longstreth WT, Lopez OL, Loukola A, Luck T, Lundervold AJ, Lundquist A, Lyytikäinen LP, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Murray AD, Need AC, Noordam R, Nyberg L, Ollier W, Papenberg G, Pattie A, Polasek O, Poldrack RA, Psaty BM, Reppermund S, Riedel-Heller SG, Rose RJ, Rotter JI, Roussos P, Rovio SP, Saba Y, Sabb FW, Sachdev PS, Satizabal CL, Schmid M, Scott RJ, Scult MA, Simino J, Slagboom PE, Smyrnis N, Soumaré A, Stefanis NC, Stott DJ, Straub RE, Sundet K, Taylor AM, Taylor KD, Tzoulaki I, Tzourio C, Uitterlinden A, Vitart V, Voineskos AN, Kaprio J, Wagner M, Wagner H, Weinhold L, Wen KH, Widen E, Yang Q, Zhao W, Adams HHH, Arking DE, Bilder RM, Bitsios P, Boerwinkle E, Chiba-Falek O, Corvin A, De Jager PL, Debette S, Donohoe G, Elliott P, Fitzpatrick AL, Gill M, Glahn DC, Hägg S, Hansell NK, Hariri AR, Ikram MK, Jukema JW, Vuoksimaa E, Keller MC, Kremen WS, Launer L, Lindenberger U, Palotie A, Pedersen NL, Pendleton N, Porteous DJ, Räikkönen K, Raitakari OT, Ramirez A, Reinvang I, Rudan I, Dan Rujescu, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Schofield PW, Schofield PR, Starr JM, Steen VM, Trollor JN, Turner ST, Van Duijn CM, Villringer A, Weinberger DR, Weir DR, Wilson JF, Malhotra A, McIntosh AM, Gale CR, Seshadri S, Mosley TH, Bressler J, Lencz T, Deary IJ. Author Correction: Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2068. [PMID: 31043617 PMCID: PMC6494826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Christina M. Lill, who contributed to analysis of data, was inadvertently omitted from the author list in the originally published version of this article. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail Davies
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Max Lam
- 0000 0004 0469 9592grid.414752.1Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK ,Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Joey W. Trampush
- BrainWorkup, LLC, Los Angeles, 90033 CA USA ,0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 CA USA
| | - Michelle Luciano
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - W. David Hill
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Saskia P. Hagenaars
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK ,0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Stuart J. Ritchie
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK ,Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - David C. M. Liewald
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Judith A. Okely
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Ari V. Ahola-Olli
- 0000 0001 2097 1371grid.1374.1Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520 Finland ,grid.415303.0Department of Internal Medicine, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, 28100 Finland
| | - Catriona L. K. Barnes
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland
| | - Lars Bertram
- 0000 0000 9071 0620grid.419538.2Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195 Germany
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101 Washington USA
| | - Katherine E. Burdick
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029 NY USA ,0000 0004 0420 1184grid.274295.fMental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 3), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, 10468 NY USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA USA
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020 Norway
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- 0000 0004 0469 9592grid.414752.1Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, 539747 Singapore ,0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030 NY USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Oslo, 0424 Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373 Norway ,0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315 Norway
| | - Stella Giakoumaki
- 0000 0004 0576 3437grid.8127.cDepartment of Psychology, University of Crete, Crete, GR-74100 Greece
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020 Norway
| | - Daniel E. Gustavson
- 0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA ,0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036 Austria ,0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Medical Informatics Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, xxxxxx The Netherlands
| | - Robert Karlsson
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77 Sweden
| | - Emma Knowles
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511 CT USA
| | - Jari Lahti
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland ,0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Markus Leber
- 0000 0000 8580 3777grid.6190.eDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50937 Germany
| | - Shuo Li
- 0000 0004 1936 7558grid.189504.1Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, 02118 MA USA
| | - Karen A. Mather
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia
| | - Ingrid Melle
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373 Norway
| | - Derek Morris
- 0000 0004 0488 0789grid.6142.1Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33 Ireland
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- 0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cMedical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wa0les, 2308 Australia
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Antony Payton
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8Centre for EpidemiologyDivision of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Raha Pazoki
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Katja Petrovic
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - Chandra A. Reynolds
- 0000 0001 2222 1582grid.266097.cDepartment of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92521 CA USA
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- 0000 0001 2106 639Xgrid.412041.2University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Markus Scholz
- 0000 0001 2230 9752grid.9647.cInstitute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107 Germany ,0000 0001 2230 9752grid.9647.cLIFE—Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107 Germany
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,0000000086837370grid.214458.eSurvey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA
| | - Albert V. Smith
- 0000 0000 9458 5898grid.420802.cIcelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201 Iceland ,0000 0004 0640 0021grid.14013.37University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101 Iceland
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0626 3303grid.410566.0Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia
| | - Stella Trompet
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dSection of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 The Netherlands
| | - Sven J. van der Lee
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands
| | - Erin B. Ware
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eSurvey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA
| | - B. Gwen Windham
- 0000 0004 1937 0407grid.410721.1Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216 MS USA
| | - Margaret J. Wright
- 0000 0000 9320 7537grid.1003.2Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Australia ,0000 0000 9320 7537grid.1003.2Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
| | - Jingyun Yang
- 0000 0001 0705 3621grid.240684.cRush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612 IL USA ,0000 0001 0705 3621grid.240684.cDepartment of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612 IL USA
| | - Jin Yu
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030 NY USA
| | - David Ames
- 0000 0004 0624 1200grid.416153.4National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, 3052 Australia ,0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, St George’s Hospital, Kew, 3010 Australia
| | - Najaf Amin
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- 0000 0001 2159 9858grid.8970.6Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373 Norway ,0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0372 Norway
| | - Nicola J. Armstrong
- 0000 0004 0436 6763grid.1025.6Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150 Australia
| | - Amelia A. Assareh
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia
| | - John R. Attia
- 0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cHunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305 Australia
| | - Deborah Attix
- 0000000100241216grid.189509.cDepartment of NeurologyBryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708 NC USA ,0000000100241216grid.189509.cPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology, and Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708 NC USA
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD Baltimore, 21287 USA ,0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD Baltimore, 21287 USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- 0000 0001 0705 3621grid.240684.cRush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612 IL USA ,0000 0001 0705 3621grid.240684.cDepartment of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612 IL USA
| | - Anne C. Böhmer
- 0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113 Germany ,0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113 Germany
| | - Patricia A. Boyle
- 0000 0001 0705 3621grid.240684.cRush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612 IL USA ,0000 0001 0705 3621grid.240684.cDepartments of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612 IL USA
| | - Henry Brodaty
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 NSW Australia
| | - Harry Campbell
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland
| | - Tyrone D. Cannon
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, 06520 CT USA
| | | | - Eliza Congdon
- 0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3eUCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024 CA USA
| | | | - Janie Corley
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Simon R. Cox
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Anders M. Dale
- 0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA ,0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093 CA USA ,0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093 CA USA ,0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093 CA USA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK ,0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Danielle Dick
- 0000 0004 0458 8737grid.224260.0Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23284 VA USA
| | - Dwight Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- 0000 0001 1013 0499grid.14758.3fNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271 Finland ,0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290 Finland ,0000 0000 9950 5666grid.15485.3dHelsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, FI-00029 Finland ,0000 0004 0409 6302grid.428673.cFolkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, 2018 Finland
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK ,0000 0001 1013 0499grid.14758.3fNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271 Finland
| | - Jessica D. Faul
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eSurvey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA
| | - Ian Ford
- 0000 0001 2193 314Xgrid.8756.cRobertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ United Kingdom
| | - Nelson A. Freimer
- 0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3eUCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024 CA USA
| | - He Gao
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Ina Giegling
- 0000 0001 0679 2801grid.9018.0Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108 Germany
| | - Nathan A. Gillespie
- 0000 0004 0458 8737grid.224260.0Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298 VA USA
| | - Scott D. Gordon
- 0000 0001 2294 1395grid.1049.cQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029 Australia
| | - Rebecca F. Gottesman
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287 MD USA ,0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205 MD USA
| | - Michael E. Griswold
- 0000 0004 1937 0407grid.410721.1Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216 MS USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- 0000 0000 9458 5898grid.420802.cIcelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201 Iceland ,0000 0004 0640 0021grid.14013.37University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101 Iceland
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dIntramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Annette M. Hartmann
- 0000 0001 0679 2801grid.9018.0Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108 Germany
| | - Alex Hatzimanolis
- 0000 0001 2155 0800grid.5216.0Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528 Greece ,grid.1088.1University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01 Greece ,Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, 11521 Greece
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- 0000000122483208grid.10698.36Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, 27599 NC USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Holliday
- 0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cHunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305 Australia
| | - Peter K. Joshi
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- 0000 0004 0628 2985grid.412330.7Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, FI-33014 Finland ,0000 0001 2314 6254grid.502801.eFaculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33521 Finland ,0000 0001 2314 6254grid.502801.eDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014 Finland
| | - Sharon L. R. Kardia
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Ida Karlsson
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77 Sweden
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- 0000 0000 8580 3777grid.6190.eDepartment of Psychiatry Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50923 Germany ,0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127 Germany ,0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Germany ,0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127 Germany
| | - David S. Knopman
- 0000 0004 0459 167Xgrid.66875.3aDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN USA
| | - Nicole A. Kochan
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia ,grid.415193.bNeuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031 Australia
| | - Bettina Konte
- 0000 0001 0679 2801grid.9018.0Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108 Germany
| | - John B. Kwok
- 0000 0004 1936 834Xgrid.1013.3Brain and Mind Centre—The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050 Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020 Norway
| | - Teresa Lee
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia ,grid.415193.bNeuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031 Australia
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- 0000 0001 2314 6254grid.502801.eDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014 Finland ,0000 0001 2314 6254grid.502801.eDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014 Finland
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- 0000 0000 9859 7917grid.419526.dMax Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195 Germany ,0000 0001 2111 7257grid.4488.0Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01187 Germany
| | - Christina M. Lill
- 0000 0001 0057 2672grid.4562.5Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tian Liu
- 0000 0000 9071 0620grid.419538.2Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195 Germany ,0000 0000 9859 7917grid.419526.dMax Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195 Germany
| | - Marisa Koini
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - Edythe London
- 0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3eUCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024 CA USA
| | - Will T. Longstreth
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-6465 WA USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 WA USA
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- 0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dDepartment of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213 PA USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Tobias Luck
- 0000 0001 2230 9752grid.9647.cLIFE—Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107 Germany ,0000 0001 2230 9752grid.9647.cInstitute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103 Germany
| | - Astri J. Lundervold
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bDepartment of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5009 Norway ,0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bK. G. Jebsen Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5009 Norway
| | - Anders Lundquist
- 0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87 Sweden ,0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Department of Statistics, USBE Umeå University, S-907 97 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- 0000 0001 2314 6254grid.502801.eDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014 Finland ,0000 0001 2314 6254grid.502801.eDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014 Finland
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- 0000 0001 2294 1395grid.1049.cQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029 Australia
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- 0000 0001 2294 1395grid.1049.cQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029 Australia ,0000 0000 9320 7537grid.1003.2Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
| | - Alison D. Murray
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK ,0000 0004 1936 7291grid.7107.1The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Anna C. Need
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Raymond Noordam
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dSection of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 The Netherlands
| | - Lars Nyberg
- 0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87 Sweden ,0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87 Sweden ,0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87 Sweden
| | - William Ollier
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Goran Papenberg
- 0000 0000 9859 7917grid.419526.dMax Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195 Germany ,0000 0004 1936 9377grid.10548.38Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-113 30 Sweden
| | - Alison Pattie
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Gen-Info LLC, Zagreb, 10000 Croatia ,0000 0004 0644 1675grid.38603.3eFaculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, 21000 Croatia
| | - Russell A. Poldrack
- 0000000419368956grid.168010.eDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 94305-2130 CA USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101 Washington USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Deparment of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-7660 WA USA ,0000 0004 0615 7519grid.488833.cKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, 98101 WA USA
| | - Simone Reppermund
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| | - Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
- 0000 0001 2230 9752grid.9647.cInstitute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103 Germany
| | - Richard J. Rose
- 0000 0001 0790 959Xgrid.411377.7Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007 USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- 0000 0001 0157 6501grid.239844.0Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502 USA ,0000 0001 0157 6501grid.239844.0Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90509 CA USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029 NY USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029 NY USA ,0000 0004 0420 1184grid.274295.fMental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, 10468 NY USA
| | - Suvi P. Rovio
- 0000 0001 2097 1371grid.1374.1Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520 Finland
| | - Yasaman Saba
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - Fred W. Sabb
- 0000 0004 1936 8008grid.170202.6Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, 97403 OR USA
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia ,grid.415193.bNeuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031 Australia
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- 0000 0004 0367 5222grid.475010.7Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118 MA USA ,0000 0001 2293 4638grid.279885.9The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, 01702-5827 MA USA
| | - Matthias Schmid
- 0000 0000 8852 305Xgrid.411097.aDepartment of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital, Bonn, D-53012 Germany
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- 0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cHunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305 Australia
| | - Matthew A. Scult
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dLaboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, 27708-0086 NC USA
| | - Jeannette Simino
- 0000 0004 1937 0407grid.410721.1Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216 MS USA
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartment of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- 0000 0001 2155 0800grid.5216.0Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528 Greece ,grid.1088.1University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01 Greece
| | - Aïcha Soumaré
- 0000 0001 2106 639Xgrid.412041.2University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nikos C. Stefanis
- 0000 0001 2155 0800grid.5216.0Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528 Greece ,grid.1088.1University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01 Greece ,Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, 11521 Greece
| | - David J. Stott
- 0000 0001 2193 314Xgrid.8756.cInstitute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ United Kingdom
| | - Richard E. Straub
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, 21205 MD USA
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373 Norway ,0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315 Norway
| | - Adele M. Taylor
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- 0000 0001 0157 6501grid.239844.0Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502 USA ,0000 0001 0157 6501grid.239844.0Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90509 CA USA
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK ,0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK ,0000 0001 2108 7481grid.9594.1Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- 0000 0001 2106 639Xgrid.412041.2University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France ,0000 0004 0593 7118grid.42399.35Department of Public Health, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076 France
| | - André Uitterlinden
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Aristotle N. Voineskos
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1L8 Canada
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland ,0000 0001 1013 0499grid.14758.3fNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271 Finland ,0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Michael Wagner
- 0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127 Germany ,0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127 Germany
| | - Holger Wagner
- 0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127 Germany
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- 0000 0000 8852 305Xgrid.411097.aDepartment of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital, Bonn, D-53012 Germany
| | - K. Hoyan Wen
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Qiong Yang
- 0000 0004 1936 7558grid.189504.1Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, 02118 MA USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Hieab H. H. Adams
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands
| | - Dan E. Arking
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD Baltimore, 21287 USA
| | - Robert M. Bilder
- 0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3eUCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024 CA USA
| | - Panos Bitsios
- 0000 0004 0576 3437grid.8127.cDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GR-71003 Greece
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- 0000 0000 9206 2401grid.267308.8Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030 TX USA ,0000 0001 2160 926Xgrid.39382.33Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030-3411 TX USA
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- 0000000100241216grid.189509.cDepartment of NeurologyBryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708 NC USA
| | - Aiden Corvin
- 0000 0004 1936 9705grid.8217.cNeuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, DO2 AY89 Ireland
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- 0000 0001 2285 2675grid.239585.0Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032 NY USA ,grid.66859.34Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142 MA USA
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- 0000 0001 2106 639Xgrid.412041.2University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France ,0000 0004 0593 7118grid.42399.35Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33000 France
| | - Gary Donohoe
- 0000 0004 0488 0789grid.6142.1Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33 Ireland
| | - Paul Elliott
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK ,0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Annette L. Fitzpatrick
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 WA USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, 98104 WA USA
| | - Michael Gill
- 0000 0004 1936 9705grid.8217.cNeuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, DO2 AY89 Ireland
| | - David C. Glahn
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511 CT USA
| | - Sara Hägg
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77 Sweden
| | - Narelle K. Hansell
- 0000 0000 9320 7537grid.1003.2Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
| | - Ahmad R. Hariri
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dLaboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, 27708-0086 NC USA
| | - M. Kamran Ikram
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands ,000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, xxxxxx The Netherlands
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartment of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 The Netherlands
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland ,0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Matthew C. Keller
- 0000000096214564grid.266190.aInstitute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309 CO USA
| | - William S. Kremen
- 0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA ,0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Lenore Launer
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dIntramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD USA
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- 0000 0000 9859 7917grid.419526.dMax Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195 Germany
| | - Aarno Palotie
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland ,0000 0004 0606 5382grid.10306.34Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK ,0000 0000 9950 5666grid.15485.3dDepartment of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77 Sweden
| | - Neil Pendleton
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester Medical School, Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - David J. Porteous
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK ,Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- 0000 0001 2097 1371grid.1374.1Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520 Finland ,0000 0004 0628 215Xgrid.410552.7Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20520 Finland
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- 0000 0000 8580 3777grid.6190.eDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50937 Germany ,0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113 Germany ,0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127 Germany
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315 Norway
| | - Igor Rudan
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland
| | - Dan Rujescu
- 0000 0001 0679 2801grid.9018.0Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108 Germany
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - Peter W. Schofield
- 0000 0000 8831 109Xgrid.266842.cSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308 Australia
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- 0000 0000 8900 8842grid.250407.4Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, 2031 Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| | - John M. Starr
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020 Norway
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- 0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031 Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| | - Steven T. Turner
- 0000 0004 0459 167Xgrid.66875.3aDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Cornelia M. Van Duijn
- 000000040459992Xgrid.5645.2Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands
| | - Arno Villringer
- 0000 0001 0041 5028grid.419524.fMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, 04103 Germany ,0000 0000 8517 9062grid.411339.dDay Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103 Germany
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, 21205 MD USA
| | - David R. Weir
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eSurvey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA
| | - James F. Wilson
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Anil Malhotra
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030 NY USA ,grid.440243.5Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, 11004 NY USA ,0000 0001 2284 9943grid.257060.6Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, 11549 NY USA
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF UK
| | - Catharine R. Gale
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK ,0000 0004 1936 9297grid.5491.9MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- 0000 0004 1936 8008grid.170202.6Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, 97403 OR USA ,0000 0004 0367 5222grid.475010.7Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118 MA USA ,0000 0001 0629 5880grid.267309.9Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, 78229 TX USA
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- 0000 0004 1937 0407grid.410721.1Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216 MS USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- 0000 0000 9206 2401grid.267308.8Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030 TX USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030 NY USA ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF UK
| | - Ian J. Deary
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Banerjee N, Polushina T, Bettella F, Steen VM, Andreassen OA, Le Hellard S. Analysis of differentially methylated regions in great apes and extinct hominids provides support for the evolutionary hypothesis of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 206:209-216. [PMID: 30545758 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The persistence of schizophrenia in human populations separated by geography and time led to the evolutionary hypothesis that proposes schizophrenia as a by-product of the higher cognitive abilities of modern humans. To explore this hypothesis, we used here an evolutionary epigenetics approach building on differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the genome. METHODS We implemented a polygenic enrichment testing pipeline using the summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia and 12 other phenotypes. We investigated the enrichment of association of these traits across genomic regions with variable methylation between modern humans and great apes (orangutans, chimpanzees and gorillas; great ape DMRs) and between modern humans and recently extinct hominids (Neanderthals and Denisovans; hominid DMRs). RESULTS Regions that are hypo-methylated in humans compared to great apes show enrichment of association with schizophrenia only if the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region is included. With the MHC region removed from the analysis, only a modest enrichment for SNPs of low effect persists. The INRICH pipeline confirms this finding after rigorous permutation and bootstrapping procedures. CONCLUSION The analyses of regions with differential methylation changes in humans and great apes do not provide compelling evidence of enrichment of association with schizophrenia, in contrast to our previous findings on more recent methylation differences between modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans. Our results further support the evolutionary hypothesis of schizophrenia and indicate that the origin of some of the genetic susceptibility factors of schizophrenia may lie in recent human evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Banerjee
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tatiana Polushina
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ersland KM, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Berge RK, Madsen L, Steen VM, Skrede S. One-Year Treatment with Olanzapine Depot in Female Rats: Metabolic Effects. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:358-369. [PMID: 30854556 PMCID: PMC6499254 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotic drugs can negatively affect the metabolic status of patients, with olanzapine as one of the most potent drugs. While patients are often medicated for long time periods, experiments in rats typically run for 1 to 12 weeks, showing olanzapine-related weight gain and increased plasma lipid levels, with transcriptional upregulation of lipogenic genes in liver and adipose tissue. It remains unknown whether metabolic status will deteriorate with time. METHODS To examine long-term metabolic effects, we administered intramuscular long-acting injections of olanzapine (100 mg/kg BW) or control substance to female rats for up to 13 months. RESULTS Exposure to olanzapine long-acting injections led to rapid weight gain, which was sustained throughout the experiment. At 1, 6, and 13 months, plasma lipid levels were measured in separate cohorts of rats, displaying no increase. Hepatic transcription of lipid-related genes was transiently upregulated at 1 month. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests indicated insulin resistance in olanzapine-treated rats after 12 months. CONCLUSION Our data show that the continuous increase in body weight in response to long-term olanzapine exposure was accompanied by surprisingly few concomitant changes in plasma lipids and lipogenic gene expression, suggesting that adaptive mechanisms are involved to reduce long-term metabolic adverse effects of this antipsychotic agent in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari M Ersland
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway,Dr. Einar Martens’ Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- The Lipid Research Group, Section for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vidar M Steen
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway,Dr. Einar Martens’ Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Correspondence: Professor Vidar M. Steen, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ()
| | - Silje Skrede
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway,Dr. Einar Martens’ Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gohar SM, Dieset I, Steen NE, Mørch RH, Iversen TS, Steen VM, Andreassen OA, Melle I. Association between serum lipid levels, osteoprotegerin and depressive symptomatology in psychotic disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:795-802. [PMID: 29721726 PMCID: PMC6739273 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the relationship between positive and negative symptoms of psychosis and dyslipidemia has been thoroughly investigated in recent studies, the potential link between depression and lipid status is still under-investigated. We here examined the association between lipid levels and depressive symptomatology in patients with psychotic disorders, in addition to their possible inflammatory associations. Participants (n = 652) with the following distribution: schizophrenia, schizophreniform and schizoaffective disorder (schizophrenia group, n = 344); bipolar I, II, NOS, and psychosis NOS (non-schizophrenia group, n = 308) were recruited consecutively from the Norwegian Thematically Organized Psychosis (TOP) Study. Clinical data were obtained by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). Blood samples were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(sTNF-R1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, smoking, and dyslipidemia-inducing antipsychotics, TC and LDL scores showed significant associations with depression [β = 0.13, p = 0.007; β = 0.14, p = 0.007], and with two inflammatory markers: CRP [β = 0.14, p = 0.007; β = 0.16, p = 0.007] and OPG [β = 0.14, p = 0.007; β = 0.11, p = 0.007]. Total model variance was 17% for both analyses [F(12, 433) = 8.42, p < 0.001; F(12, 433) = 8.64, p < 0.001]. Current findings highlight a potential independent role of depression and inflammatory markers, CRP and OPG in specific, in the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia in psychotic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M. Gohar
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,Psychosis Research Unit/TOP, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Building 49, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway ,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ingrid Dieset
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,Psychosis Research Unit/TOP, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Building 49, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,Psychosis Research Unit/TOP, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Building 49, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragni H. Mørch
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,Psychosis Research Unit/TOP, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Building 49, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude S. Iversen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,Psychosis Research Unit/TOP, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Building 49, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- Department of Clinical Science, K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, NORMENT, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,Psychosis Research Unit/TOP, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Building 49, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,Psychosis Research Unit/TOP, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Building 49, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gjerde PB, Jørgensen KN, Steen NE, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Steen VM, Agartz I. Association between olanzapine treatment and brain cortical thickness and gray/white matter contrast is moderated by cholesterol in psychotic disorders. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 282:55-63. [PMID: 30415175 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Altered cortical brain morphology is observed in psychotic disorders. Despite the importance of lipid homeostasis for healthy brain functioning, knowledge about its role in cortical alterations in psychosis is limited. In a sample of patients with psychotic disorders, we investigated the relationship between treatment with olanzapine (OLZ), and cortical thickness and gray/white matter intensity contrast, and the association between these measures and serum lipid levels. We included 33 OLZ users, 19 unmedicated psychotic patients and 76 healthy controls (HC). Data on serum lipids and cortical measures based on MR brain images processed with FreeSurfer were analyzed with General Linear Models. We found that intensity contrast was similar in OLZ users as compared to HC and that the cortex (frontal, orbitofrontal, medial temporal) was thinner in OLZ users (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). An OLZ-specific HDL interaction effect was further found for the pericentral cortical thickness measure (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). Additionally, nominally significant findings indicated similar OLZ-specific interaction effects for cortical thickness in several regions, and an OLZ-specific interaction with LDL for occipital lobe contrast (p < 0.05, uncorrected). Our findings may suggest a drug-related lipid-effect on brain myelination. Experimental studies and replications in different study samples are needed to clarify these complex relationships further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanthi B Gjerde
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kjetil N Jørgensen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Vinderen, 0373 Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Nils E Steen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Vinderen, 0373 Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Testing of patients with genetics-related disorders is in progress of shifting from single gene assays to gene panel sequencing, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Since WGS is unquestionably becoming a new foundation for molecular analyses, we decided to compare three currently used tools for variant calling of human whole genome sequencing data. We tested DeepVariant, a new TensorFlow machine learning-based variant caller, and compared this tool to GATK 4.0 and SpeedSeq, using 30×, 15× and 10× WGS data of the well-known NA12878 DNA reference sample. According to our comparison, the performance on SNV calling was almost similar in 30× data, with all three variant callers reaching F-Scores (i.e. harmonic mean of recall and precision) equal to 0.98. In contrast, DeepVariant was more precise in indel calling than GATK and SpeedSeq, as demonstrated by F-Scores of 0.94, 0.90 and 0.84, respectively. We conclude that the DeepVariant tool has great potential and usefulness for analysis of WGS data in medical genetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Supernat
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT & K.J. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. E. Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomasz Stokowy
- Computational Biology Unit, Institute of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- NORMENT & K.J. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Dr. E. Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Steen VM, Holmsen H. Synergism between Thrombin and Epinephrine in Human Platelets: Different Dose-Response Relationships for Aggregation and Dense Granule Secretion. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1660096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummarySynergism between epinephrine and thrombin in human gel-filtered platelets was studied. Suspensions of platelets, which did not contain added fibrinogen, were incubated at 37° C to measure aggregation and dense granule secretion after stimulation. Both aggregation and secretion induced with 0.03-0.3 U/ml of thrombin were markedly potentiated by epinephrine (0.5-4 ҼM), which alone was without effect. Addition of epinephrine before stimulation with thrombin resulted in a marked decrease in the concentration of thrombin required for half-maximal aggregation, without affecting the maximal aggregation response. The dose-response relationship for dense granule secretion was affected in a similar way with regard to the half-maximal response; in addition, epinephrine slightly increased maximal secretion response. However, the concentration range for thrombin at which synergism occurred was distinctly lower for aggregation than for secretion. Our observations suggest that aggregation and dense granule secretion are separate steps in the sequence of stimulus-response coupling, and suggest distinct thresholds of intracellular messengers for these different responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidar M Steen
- The Department of Biochemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Holm Holmsen
- The Department of Biochemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lam M, Trampush JW, Yu J, Knowles E, Davies G, Liewald DC, Starr JM, Djurovic S, Melle I, Sundet K, Christoforou A, Reinvang I, DeRosse P, Lundervold AJ, Steen VM, Espeseth T, Räikkönen K, Widen E, Palotie A, Eriksson JG, Giegling I, Konte B, Roussos P, Giakoumaki S, Burdick KE, Payton A, Ollier W, Chiba-Falek O, Attix DK, Need AC, Cirulli ET, Voineskos AN, Stefanis NC, Avramopoulos D, Hatzimanolis A, Arking DE, Smyrnis N, Bilder RM, Freimer NA, Cannon TD, London E, Poldrack RA, Sabb FW, Congdon E, Conley ED, Scult MA, Dickinson D, Straub RE, Donohoe G, Morris D, Corvin A, Gill M, Hariri AR, Weinberger DR, Pendleton N, Bitsios P, Rujescu D, Lahti J, Le Hellard S, Keller MC, Andreassen OA, Deary IJ, Glahn DC, Malhotra AK, Lencz T. Large-Scale Cognitive GWAS Meta-Analysis Reveals Tissue-Specific Neural Expression and Potential Nootropic Drug Targets. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2597-2613. [PMID: 29186694 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a large (n = 107,207) genome-wide association study (GWAS) of general cognitive ability ("g"), further enhanced by combining results with a large-scale GWAS of educational attainment. We identified 70 independent genomic loci associated with general cognitive ability. Results showed significant enrichment for genes causing Mendelian disorders with an intellectual disability phenotype. Competitive pathway analysis implicated the biological processes of neurogenesis and synaptic regulation, as well as the gene targets of two pharmacologic agents: cinnarizine, a T-type calcium channel blocker, and LY97241, a potassium channel inhibitor. Transcriptome-wide and epigenome-wide analysis revealed that the implicated loci were enriched for genes expressed across all brain regions (most strongly in the cerebellum). Enrichment was exclusive to genes expressed in neurons but not oligodendrocytes or astrocytes. Finally, we report genetic correlations between cognitive ability and disparate phenotypes including psychiatric disorders, several autoimmune disorders, longevity, and maternal age at first birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Lam
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jin Yu
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Emma Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David C Liewald
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antony Payton
- Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William Ollier
- Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Deborah K Attix
- Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anna C Need
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nikos C Stefanis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece; University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece; Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alex Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece; University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece; Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece; University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Robert M Bilder
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nelson A Freimer
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Edythe London
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Fred W Sabb
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Eliza Congdon
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Matthew A Scult
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dwight Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard E Straub
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Derek Morris
- Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Steen VM, Holmsen H, Aarbakke G. The Platelet-Stimulating Effect of Adrenaline Through α2-Adrenergic Receptors Requires Simultaneous Activation by a True Stimulatory Platelet Agonist. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe stimulating effect of adrenaline on human platelet phospholipase C (PLC) activation and responses in vitro (shape change, aggregation and dense granule secretion) was investigated with respect to its dependence on exogenously added agonists. All experiments were performed with human gel-filtered platelets pretreated with acetylsalicylic acid to prevent endogenous stimulation by the arachidonate pathway. (1) Preliminary experiments demonstrated the presence of trace amounts of extracellular ADP (0.05-0.58 μM) in non-stimulated platelet suspensions; ADP was effectively converted to ATP by the enzyme system creatine phosphate (CP)/creatine phosphokinase (CPK). (2) The adrenaline-induced optical aggregation and single particle (platelet) disappearance in the presence of trace amounts of ADP were almost abolished by the ADP-scavanger system CP/ CPK. (3) The response of CP/CPK-treated thrombin- or platelet-activating factor (PAF)-stimulated platelets was markedly increased by a subsequent addition of adrenaline. When hirudin or BN 50726 was added just prior to adrenaline to terminate the activation by thrombin or PAF, respectively, the stimulating effect of adrenaline was also abolished. (4) CP/CPK-treated, PAF-stimulated platelets rapidly developed decreased responsiveness to a subsequent addition of PAF. When adrenaline was added instead of a second addition of PAF, the stimulating effect of adrenaline was gradually decreased and prevented in parallel with the homologous desensitization of PAF. (5) The weak platelet agonist serotonin by itself induced only shape change in CP/CPK-treated platelets. Adrenaline failed to enhance the extent of this serotonin-induced platelet activation. (6) These results strongly suggest that adrenaline per se is not a platelet agonist in vitro but acts to enhance the stimulation induced by true agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidar M Steen
- The Department of Biochemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Holm Holmsen
- The Department of Biochemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grethe Aarbakke
- The Department of Biochemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Savage JE, Jansen PR, Stringer S, Watanabe K, Bryois J, de Leeuw CA, Nagel M, Awasthi S, Barr PB, Coleman JRI, Grasby KL, Hammerschlag AR, Kaminski JA, Karlsson R, Krapohl E, Lam M, Nygaard M, Reynolds CA, Trampush JW, Young H, Zabaneh D, Hägg S, Hansell NK, Karlsson IK, Linnarsson S, Montgomery GW, Muñoz-Manchado AB, Quinlan EB, Schumann G, Skene NG, Webb BT, White T, Arking DE, Avramopoulos D, Bilder RM, Bitsios P, Burdick KE, Cannon TD, Chiba-Falek O, Christoforou A, Cirulli ET, Congdon E, Corvin A, Davies G, Deary IJ, DeRosse P, Dickinson D, Djurovic S, Donohoe G, Conley ED, Eriksson JG, Espeseth T, Freimer NA, Giakoumaki S, Giegling I, Gill M, Glahn DC, Hariri AR, Hatzimanolis A, Keller MC, Knowles E, Koltai D, Konte B, Lahti J, Le Hellard S, Lencz T, Liewald DC, London E, Lundervold AJ, Malhotra AK, Melle I, Morris D, Need AC, Ollier W, Palotie A, Payton A, Pendleton N, Poldrack RA, Räikkönen K, Reinvang I, Roussos P, Rujescu D, Sabb FW, Scult MA, Smeland OB, Smyrnis N, Starr JM, Steen VM, Stefanis NC, Straub RE, Sundet K, Tiemeier H, Voineskos AN, Weinberger DR, Widen E, Yu J, Abecasis G, Andreassen OA, Breen G, Christiansen L, Debrabant B, Dick DM, Heinz A, Hjerling-Leffler J, Ikram MA, Kendler KS, Martin NG, Medland SE, Pedersen NL, Plomin R, Polderman TJC, Ripke S, van der Sluis S, Sullivan PF, Vrieze SI, Wright MJ, Posthuma D. Genome-wide association meta-analysis in 269,867 individuals identifies new genetic and functional links to intelligence. Nat Genet 2018; 50:912-919. [PMID: 29942086 PMCID: PMC6411041 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Intelligence is highly heritable1 and a major determinant of human health and well-being2. Recent genome-wide meta-analyses have identified 24 genomic loci linked to variation in intelligence3-7, but much about its genetic underpinnings remains to be discovered. Here, we present a large-scale genetic association study of intelligence (n = 269,867), identifying 205 associated genomic loci (190 new) and 1,016 genes (939 new) via positional mapping, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping, chromatin interaction mapping, and gene-based association analysis. We find enrichment of genetic effects in conserved and coding regions and associations with 146 nonsynonymous exonic variants. Associated genes are strongly expressed in the brain, specifically in striatal medium spiny neurons and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Gene set analyses implicate pathways related to nervous system development and synaptic structure. We confirm previous strong genetic correlations with multiple health-related outcomes, and Mendelian randomization analysis results suggest protective effects of intelligence for Alzheimer's disease and ADHD and bidirectional causation with pleiotropic effects for schizophrenia. These results are a major step forward in understanding the neurobiology of cognitive function as well as genetically related neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E Savage
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip R Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Stringer
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kyoko Watanabe
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christiaan A de Leeuw
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mats Nagel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Swapnil Awasthi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter B Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Katrina L Grasby
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anke R Hammerschlag
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jakob A Kaminski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Krapohl
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Max Lam
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Twin Registry and the Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Joey W Trampush
- BrainWorkup, LLC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Delilah Zabaneh
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Narelle K Hansell
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ida K Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ana B Muñoz-Manchado
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erin B Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, MRC-SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, MRC-SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan G Skene
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Bradley T Webb
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert M Bilder
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Eliza Congdon
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Dwight Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Neuroimaging, Cognition, and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nelson A Freimer
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alex Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Emma Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Deborah Koltai
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Todd Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - David C Liewald
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edythe London
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Derek Morris
- Neuroimaging, Cognition, and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anna C Need
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - William Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antony Payton
- Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research, and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology/School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Fred W Sabb
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Matthew A Scult
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nikos C Stefanis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Richard E Straub
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jin Yu
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Twin Registry and the Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgit Debrabant
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Plomin
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tinca J C Polderman
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophie van der Sluis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott I Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gjerde PB, Dieset I, Simonsen C, Hoseth EZ, Iversen T, Lagerberg TV, Lyngstad SH, Mørch RH, Skrede S, Andreassen OA, Melle I, Steen VM. Increase in serum HDL level is associated with less negative symptoms after one year of antipsychotic treatment in first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:253-260. [PMID: 29129510 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A potential link between increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides and clinical improvement has been observed during antipsychotic drug treatment in chronic schizophrenia patients, possibly due to drug related effects on lipid biosynthesis. We examined whether changes in serum lipids are associated with alleviation of psychosis symptoms after one year of antipsychotic drug treatment in a cohort of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. METHODS A total of 132 non-affective antipsychotic-treated FEP patients were included through the Norwegian Thematically Organized Psychosis (TOP) project. Data on antipsychotic usage, serum lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG)), body mass index (BMI) and clinical state were obtained at baseline and after 12months. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess psychotic symptoms. Mixed-effects models were employed to examine the relationship between serum lipids and psychotic symptoms while controlling for potential confounders including BMI. RESULTS An increase in HDL during one year of antipsychotic treatment was associated with reduction in PANSS negative subscores (B=-0.48, p=0.03). This relationship was not affected by concurrent change in BMI (adjusted HDL: B=-0.54, p=0.02). No significant associations were found between serum lipids, BMI and PANSS positive subscores. CONCLUSION We found that an increase in HDL level during antipsychotic treatment is associated with improvement in negative symptoms in FEP. These findings warrant further investigation to clarify the interaction between lipid pathways and psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanthi B Gjerde
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Dieset
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Carmen Simonsen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eva Z Hoseth
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Møre and Romsdal Health Trust, Kristiansund, Norway.
| | - Trude Iversen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trine V Lagerberg
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Siv Hege Lyngstad
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ragni H Mørch
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Silje Skrede
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Anttila V, Bulik-Sullivan B, Finucane HK, Walters RK, Bras J, Duncan L, Escott-Price V, Falcone GJ, Gormley P, Malik R, Patsopoulos NA, Ripke S, Wei Z, Yu D, Lee PH, Turley P, Grenier-Boley B, Chouraki V, Kamatani Y, Berr C, Letenneur L, Hannequin D, Amouyel P, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Duron E, Vardarajan BN, Reitz C, Goate AM, Huentelman MJ, Kamboh MI, Larson EB, Rogaeva E, St George-Hyslop P, Hakonarson H, Kukull WA, Farrer LA, Barnes LL, Beach TG, Demirci FY, Head E, Hulette CM, Jicha GA, Kauwe JSK, Kaye JA, Leverenz JB, Levey AI, Lieberman AP, Pankratz VS, Poon WW, Quinn JF, Saykin AJ, Schneider LS, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Stern RA, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Harold D, Russo G, Rubinsztein DC, Bayer A, Tsolaki M, Proitsi P, Fox NC, Hampel H, Owen MJ, Mead S, Passmore P, Morgan K, Nöthen MM, Rossor M, Lupton MK, Hoffmann P, Kornhuber J, Lawlor B, McQuillin A, Al-Chalabi A, Bis JC, Ruiz A, Boada M, Seshadri S, Beiser A, Rice K, van der Lee SJ, De Jager PL, Geschwind DH, Riemenschneider M, Riedel-Heller S, Rotter JI, Ransmayr G, Hyman BT, Cruchaga C, Alegret M, Winsvold B, Palta P, Farh KH, Cuenca-Leon E, Furlotte N, Kurth T, Ligthart L, Terwindt GM, Freilinger T, Ran C, Gordon SD, Borck G, Adams HHH, Lehtimäki T, Wedenoja J, Buring JE, Schürks M, Hrafnsdottir M, Hottenga JJ, Penninx B, Artto V, Kaunisto M, Vepsäläinen S, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Kurki MI, Hämäläinen E, Huang H, Huang J, Sandor C, Webber C, Muller-Myhsok B, Schreiber S, Salomaa V, Loehrer E, Göbel H, Macaya A, Pozo-Rosich P, Hansen T, Werge T, Kaprio J, Metspalu A, Kubisch C, Ferrari MD, Belin AC, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Zwart JA, Boomsma D, Eriksson N, Olesen J, Chasman DI, Nyholt DR, Avbersek A, Baum L, Berkovic S, Bradfield J, Buono RJ, Catarino CB, Cossette P, De Jonghe P, Depondt C, Dlugos D, Ferraro TN, French J, Hjalgrim H, Jamnadas-Khoda J, Kälviäinen R, Kunz WS, Lerche H, Leu C, Lindhout D, Lo W, Lowenstein D, McCormack M, Møller RS, Molloy A, Ng PW, Oliver K, Privitera M, Radtke R, Ruppert AK, Sander T, Schachter S, Schankin C, Scheffer I, Schoch S, Sisodiya SM, Smith P, Sperling M, Striano P, Surges R, Thomas GN, Visscher F, Whelan CD, Zara F, Heinzen EL, Marson A, Becker F, Stroink H, Zimprich F, Gasser T, Gibbs R, Heutink P, Martinez M, Morris HR, Sharma M, Ryten M, Mok KY, Pulit S, Bevan S, Holliday E, Attia J, Battey T, Boncoraglio G, Thijs V, Chen WM, Mitchell B, Rothwell P, Sharma P, Sudlow C, Vicente A, Markus H, Kourkoulis C, Pera J, Raffeld M, Silliman S, Boraska Perica V, Thornton LM, Huckins LM, William Rayner N, Lewis CM, Gratacos M, Rybakowski F, Keski-Rahkonen A, Raevuori A, Hudson JI, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Monteleone P, Karwautz A, Mannik K, Baker JH, O'Toole JK, Trace SE, Davis OSP, Helder SG, Ehrlich S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Danner UN, van Elburg AA, Clementi M, Forzan M, Docampo E, Lissowska J, Hauser J, Tortorella A, Maj M, Gonidakis F, Tziouvas K, Papezova H, Yilmaz Z, Wagner G, Cohen-Woods S, Herms S, Julià A, Rabionet R, Dick DM, Ripatti S, Andreassen OA, Espeseth T, Lundervold AJ, Steen VM, Pinto D, Scherer SW, Aschauer H, Schosser A, Alfredsson L, Padyukov L, Halmi KA, Mitchell J, Strober M, Bergen AW, Kaye W, Szatkiewicz JP, Cormand B, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Sánchez-Mora C, Ribasés M, Casas M, Hervas A, Arranz MJ, Haavik J, Zayats T, Johansson S, Williams N, Dempfle A, Rothenberger A, Kuntsi J, Oades RD, Banaschewski T, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Arias Vasquez A, Doyle AE, Reif A, Lesch KP, Freitag C, Rivero O, Palmason H, Romanos M, Langley K, Rietschel M, Witt SH, Dalsgaard S, Børglum AD, Waldman I, Wilmot B, Molly N, Bau CHD, Crosbie J, Schachar R, Loo SK, McGough JJ, Grevet EH, Medland SE, Robinson E, Weiss LA, Bacchelli E, Bailey A, Bal V, Battaglia A, Betancur C, Bolton P, Cantor R, Celestino-Soper P, Dawson G, De Rubeis S, Duque F, Green A, Klauck SM, Leboyer M, Levitt P, Maestrini E, Mane S, De-Luca DM, Parr J, Regan R, Reichenberg A, Sandin S, Vorstman J, Wassink T, Wijsman E, Cook E, Santangelo S, Delorme R, Rogé B, Magalhaes T, Arking D, Schulze TG, Thompson RC, Strohmaier J, Matthews K, Melle I, Morris D, Blackwood D, McIntosh A, Bergen SE, Schalling M, Jamain S, Maaser A, Fischer SB, Reinbold CS, Fullerton JM, Guzman-Parra J, Mayoral F, Schofield PR, Cichon S, Mühleisen TW, Degenhardt F, Schumacher J, Bauer M, Mitchell PB, Gershon ES, Rice J, Potash JB, Zandi PP, Craddock N, Ferrier IN, Alda M, Rouleau GA, Turecki G, Ophoff R, Pato C, Anjorin A, Stahl E, Leber M, Czerski PM, Cruceanu C, Jones IR, Posthuma D, Andlauer TFM, Forstner AJ, Streit F, Baune BT, Air T, Sinnamon G, Wray NR, MacIntyre DJ, Porteous D, Homuth G, Rivera M, Grove J, Middeldorp CM, Hickie I, Pergadia M, Mehta D, Smit JH, Jansen R, de Geus E, Dunn E, Li QS, Nauck M, Schoevers RA, Beekman AT, Knowles JA, Viktorin A, Arnold P, Barr CL, Bedoya-Berrio G, Bienvenu OJ, Brentani H, Burton C, Camarena B, Cappi C, Cath D, Cavallini M, Cusi D, Darrow S, Denys D, Derks EM, Dietrich A, Fernandez T, Figee M, Freimer N, Gerber G, Grados M, Greenberg E, Hanna GL, Hartmann A, Hirschtritt ME, Hoekstra PJ, Huang A, Huyser C, Illmann C, Jenike M, Kuperman S, Leventhal B, Lochner C, Lyon GJ, Macciardi F, Madruga-Garrido M, Malaty IA, Maras A, McGrath L, Miguel EC, Mir P, Nestadt G, Nicolini H, Okun MS, Pakstis A, Paschou P, Piacentini J, Pittenger C, Plessen K, Ramensky V, Ramos EM, Reus V, Richter MA, Riddle MA, Robertson MM, Roessner V, Rosário M, Samuels JF, Sandor P, Stein DJ, Tsetsos F, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Weatherall S, Wendland JR, Wolanczyk T, Worbe Y, Zai G, Goes FS, McLaughlin N, Nestadt PS, Grabe HJ, Depienne C, Konkashbaev A, Lanzagorta N, Valencia-Duarte A, Bramon E, Buccola N, Cahn W, Cairns M, Chong SA, Cohen D, Crespo-Facorro B, Crowley J, Davidson M, DeLisi L, Dinan T, Donohoe G, Drapeau E, Duan J, Haan L, Hougaard D, Karachanak-Yankova S, Khrunin A, Klovins J, Kučinskas V, Lee Chee Keong J, Limborska S, Loughland C, Lönnqvist J, Maher B, Mattheisen M, McDonald C, Murphy KC, Nenadic I, van Os J, Pantelis C, Pato M, Petryshen T, Quested D, Roussos P, Sanders AR, Schall U, Schwab SG, Sim K, So HC, Stögmann E, Subramaniam M, Toncheva D, Waddington J, Walters J, Weiser M, Cheng W, Cloninger R, Curtis D, Gejman PV, Henskens F, Mattingsdal M, Oh SY, Scott R, Webb B, Breen G, Churchhouse C, Bulik CM, Daly M, Dichgans M, Faraone SV, Guerreiro R, Holmans P, Kendler KS, Koeleman B, Mathews CA, Price A, Scharf J, Sklar P, Williams J, Wood NW, Cotsapas C, Palotie A, Smoller JW, Sullivan P, Rosand J, Corvin A, Neale BM, Schott JM, Anney R, Elia J, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Edenberg HJ, Murray R. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain. Science 2018; 360:eaap8757. [PMID: 29930110 PMCID: PMC6097237 DOI: 10.1126/science.aap8757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 847] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verneri Anttila
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brendan Bulik-Sullivan
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hilary K Finucane
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymond K Walters
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose Bras
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laramie Duncan
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Cardiff University, Medical Research Council Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychology, Medicine & Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff, UK
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Guido J Falcone
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Padhraig Gormley
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaos A Patsopoulos
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phil H Lee
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Turley
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- INSERM U1167 LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, U1167, RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- INSERM U1167 LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, U1167, RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Centre Hosp. Univ Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Claudine Berr
- INSERM U1061 - Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Letenneur
- INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Inserm U1245, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- INSERM U1167 LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, U1167, RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Centre Hosp. Univ Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Emmanuelle Duron
- Department of Gerontology, Hôpital Broca, AH-HP, Paris, France
- Hôpital Paul Brousse Université Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Dept of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Eric B Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter A Kukull
- National Alzheimer Coordinating Center (NACC), Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimers Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christine M Hulette
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vernon S Pankratz
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wayne W Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology and Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amanda G Smith
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joshua A Sonnen
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Denise Harold
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giancarlo Russo
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH/UZH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st and 3rd Departments of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petra Proitsi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- Institute of Prion Diseases and MRC Prion Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham UK
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Rossor
- Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Michelle K Lupton
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Department of Psychiatry and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Division of Psychiatry, Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory,University College London, London, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Agustin Ruiz
- Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain and Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain and Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Neurology and Neurogenetics Core, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexa Beiser
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center For Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Gerhard Ransmayr
- Department of Neurology II, Kepler University Clinic, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Montserrat Alegret
- Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain and Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bendik Winsvold
- Communication and Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Disorders (FORMI), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Priit Palta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai-How Farh
- Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ester Cuenca-Leon
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tobias Kurth
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lannie Ligthart
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gisela M Terwindt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Freilinger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Ran
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Scott D Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Guntram Borck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Markus Schürks
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | | | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ville Artto
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Kaunisto
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salli Vepsäläinen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mitja I Kurki
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Hämäläinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham Women's Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia Sandor
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caleb Webber
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bertram Muller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth Loehrer
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alfons Macaya
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Pozo-Rosich
- Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Headache Research Group, VHIR, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michel D Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea C Belin
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dorret Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jes Olesen
- Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Statistical and Genomic Epidemiology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreja Avbersek
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Larry Baum
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia
| | | | - Russell J Buono
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia B Catarino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Epilepsy Society, Chalfont-St-Peter, Bucks, UK
| | - Patrick Cossette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal and Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Neurogenetics Group, VIB-CMN, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dennis Dlugos
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas N Ferraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer Jamnadas-Khoda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Reetta Kälviäinen
- Epilepsy Center/Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Wolfram S Kunz
- Department of Epileptology, University Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Costin Leu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London
| | - Dick Lindhout
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Epilepsy Foundation in the Netherlands (SEIN), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Warren Lo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Lowenstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark McCormack
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Danish Epilepsy Centre, Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Ping-Wing Ng
- United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Oliver
- Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Michael Privitera
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rodney Radtke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Thomas Sander
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steven Schachter
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Schankin
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich Hospital, Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany
| | - Ingrid Scheffer
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bonn University Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK
| | | | - Michael Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit-Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Rainer Surges
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Section of Epileptology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Neil Thomas
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Frank Visscher
- Department of Neurology, Admiraal De Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher D Whelan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Erin L Heinzen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Marson
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Felicitas Becker
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Raphael Gibbs
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Martinez
- INSERM U1220, IRSD, Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometery, University of Tubingen, Germany
| | | | - Kin Y Mok
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sara Pulit
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Holliday
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - John Attia
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Thomas Battey
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giorgio Boncoraglio
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Vincent Thijs
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- University of Virginia Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Braxton Mitchell
- Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Rothwell
- Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK
- Ashford & St Peters NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Astrid Vicente
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute - BioISI, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugh Markus
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christina Kourkoulis
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joana Pera
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miriam Raffeld
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Scott Silliman
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Laura M Thornton
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - N William Rayner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Monica Gratacos
- Genes and Disease Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filip Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | | | - Anu Raevuori
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - James I Hudson
- Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno,Italy
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Mannik
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica H Baker
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Sara E Trace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Oliver S P Davis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sietske G Helder
- Zorg op Orde BV, Leidschendam, The Netherlands
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosomatic Medicine of University Clinics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Unna N Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie A van Elburg
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Clementi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department SDB, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Forzan
- UOC Genetica ed Epidemiologica Clinica Az. Ospedaliera, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Docampo
- Department of Human Genetics, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center and M. Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Mario Maj
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Fragiskos Gonidakis
- Eating Disorders Unit, 1st Psychiatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Hana Papezova
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Raquel Rabionet
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Departments of Psychology and Human & Molecular Genetics, College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Div. of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT, Div. of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health & Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Alexandra Schosser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Zentren für Seelische Gesundheit, BBRZ-Med, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - James Mitchell
- School of Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Michael Strober
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew W Bergen
- BioRealm, Walnut, California, USA
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Walter Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Bru Cormand
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Casas
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Programa Corporatiu "Neurodevelopment Disorders along Life Span", Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinica Galatea y PAIMM, Mental Health Program for Impaired Physicians, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amaia Hervas
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, Hospital Universitario Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tetyana Zayats
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan Johansson
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nigel Williams
- Cardiff University, Medical Research Council Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychology, Medicine & Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff, UK
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert D Oades
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alysa E Doyle
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Translational Psychiatry, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christine Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Olga Rivero
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Haukur Palmason
- Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kate Langley
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Soeren Dalsgaard
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Hospital of Telemark, Kragerø, Norway
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine and Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Genome Center, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Irwin Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Beth Wilmot
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nikolas Molly
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandra K Loo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James J McGough
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eugenio H Grevet
- ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elise Robinson
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren A Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elena Bacchelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anthony Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Institute of Mental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Vanessa Bal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Agatino Battaglia
- Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Catalina Betancur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Bolton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rita Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Geraldine Dawson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederico Duque
- Child Developmental Center, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- University Clinic of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andrew Green
- Dept of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sabine M Klauck
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis and Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Inserm U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Pat Levitt
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Moreno- De-Luca
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jeremy Parr
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
- Northumberland, Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Northumberland, UK
| | - Regina Regan
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Genomics Medicine Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sven Sandin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ellen Wijsman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edwin Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan Santangelo
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debre Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bernadette Rogé
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
- CERESA, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Tiago Magalhaes
- Genomics Medicine Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Academic Centre on Rare Diseases University College Dublin (ACoRD/UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dan Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert C Thompson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- SRH University Heidelberg, Academy for Psychotherapy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Keith Matthews
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Advanced Interventions Service, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Derek Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stéphane Jamain
- Inserm U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Anna Maaser
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sascha B Fischer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - José Guzman-Parra
- Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Fermin Mayoral
- Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - John Rice
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James B Potash
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nick Craddock
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - I Nicol Ferrier
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Roel Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Pato
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Eli Stahl
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Markus Leber
- Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Piotr M Czerski
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Ian R Jones
- National Centre for Mental Health, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Till F M Andlauer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Streit
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tracy Air
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Grant Sinnamon
- Bela Menso Brain and Behaviour Centre, James Cook University, Varsity Lakes, Australia
- Bond University, Faculty of Society and Design, Robina, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald J MacIntyre
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jakob Grove
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christel M Middeldorp
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Health and Hospital Service, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Divya Mehta
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Johannes H Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Research and Innovation, GGZ Ingeest, Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erin Dunn
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qingqin S Li
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert A Schoevers
- Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aartjan Tf Beekman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry GGZ INGEEST, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - James A Knowles
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Viktorin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Arnold
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cathy L Barr
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gabriel Bedoya-Berrio
- Grupo de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Helena Brentani
- Department of Psychiatry, Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Camarena
- Depto. Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Cappi
- Department of Psychiatry, Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cath
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen and University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Specialized Trainings, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Care Services, Assen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eske M Derks
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn Figee
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nelson Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gloria Gerber
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Grados
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Gregory L Hanna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andreas Hartmann
- Centre National Maladie 'Syndrome Rare Gilles de la Tourette', Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départment de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Matthew E Hirschtritt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alden Huang
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chaim Huyser
- De Bascule, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Samuel Kuperman
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Christine Lochner
- MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gholson J Lyon
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marcos Madruga-Garrido
- Sección de Neuropediatría, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene A Malaty
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Athanasios Maras
- Yulius Academy, Yulius Mental Health Organization, Barendrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren McGrath
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Eurípedes C Miguel
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Clinical Research, Grupo Médico Carracci, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael S Okun
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Pakstis
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peristera Paschou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - John Piacentini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kerstin Plessen
- Division of Adolescent and Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vasily Ramensky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Institusky 9, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eliana M Ramos
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victor Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margaret A Richter
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark A Riddle
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary M Robertson
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Rosário
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jack F Samuels
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Sandor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Youthdale Treatment Centers, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dan J Stein
- Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fotis Tsetsos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Sarah Weatherall
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tomasz Wolanczyk
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yulia Worbe
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Médecine, Paris, France
- Reference center for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Physiology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gwyneth Zai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fernando S Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole McLaughlin
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Paul S Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hans-Jorgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France
- IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | | | - Ana Valencia-Duarte
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory,University College London, London, UK
| | - Nancy Buccola
- School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Murray Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Siow A Chong
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Cohen
- Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7222 Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et Robotiques, Paris, France
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - James Crowley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael Davidson
- Minerva Neurosciences Inc., Waltham, MA, USA
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lynn DeLisi
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elodie Drapeau
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lieuwe Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Arkin, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Hougaard
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andrey Khrunin
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Jimmy Lee Chee Keong
- Institute of Mental Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Svetlana Limborska
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Carmel Loughland
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
- NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kieran C Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Igor Nenadic
- Philipps-Universität Marburg and Marburg University Hospital UKGM, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jim van Os
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele Pato
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Tracey Petryshen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Digby Quested
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Panos Roussos
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan R Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sibylle G Schwab
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hon-Cheong So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - John Waddington
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark Weiser
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Wei Cheng
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Cloninger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Curtis
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Psychiatry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Pablo V Gejman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Frans Henskens
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Morten Mattingsdal
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Unit, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sang-Yun Oh
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rodney Scott
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Bradley Webb
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gerome Breen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social Genetics & Developmental Psychiatry Center, MRC, Kings College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust & King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Churchhouse
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Departments of Psychiatry and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Daly
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Holmans
- Cardiff University, Medical Research Council Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychology, Medicine & Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bobby Koeleman
- Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carol A Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alkes Price
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremiah Scharf
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie Williams
- Cardiff University, Medical Research Council Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychology, Medicine & Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff, UK
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Cotsapas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Richard Anney
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Josephine Elia
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu
- Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robin Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fan CC, Schork AJ, Brown TT, Spencer BE, Akshoomoff N, Chen CH, Kuperman JM, Hagler DJ, Steen VM, Le Hellard S, Håberg AK, Espeseth T, Andreassen OA, Dale AM, Jernigan TL, Halgren E. Williams Syndrome neuroanatomical score associates with GTF2IRD1 in large-scale magnetic resonance imaging cohorts: a proof of concept for multivariate endophenotypes. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:114. [PMID: 29884845 PMCID: PMC5993783 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great interest in using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for studying the effects of genes on brain structure in humans, current approaches have focused almost entirely on predefined regions of interest and had limited success. Here, we used multivariate methods to define a single neuroanatomical score of how William's Syndrome (WS) brains deviate structurally from controls. The score is trained and validated on measures of T1 structural brain imaging in two WS cohorts (training, n = 38; validating, n = 60). We then associated this score with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the WS hemi-deleted region in five cohorts of neurologically and psychiatrically typical individuals (healthy European descendants, n = 1863). Among 110 SNPs within the 7q11.23 WS chromosomal region, we found one associated locus (p = 5e-5) located at GTF2IRD1, which has been implicated in animal models of WS. Furthermore, the genetic signals of neuroanatomical scores are highly enriched locally in the 7q11.23 compared with summary statistics based on regions of interest, such as hippocampal volumes (n = 12,596), and also globally (SNP-heritability = 0.82, se = 0.25, p = 5e-4). The role of genetic variability in GTF2IRD1 during neurodevelopment extends to healthy subjects. Our approach of learning MRI-derived phenotypes from clinical populations with well-established brain abnormalities characterized by known genetic lesions may be a powerful alternative to traditional region of interest-based studies for identifying genetic variants regulating typical brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chieh Fan
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Institute for Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Capital Region of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Timothy T Brown
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Barbara E Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Natacha Akshoomoff
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joshua M Kuperman
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. E. Martens Research Group of Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. E. Martens Research Group of Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asta Kristine Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Terry L Jernigan
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Eric Halgren
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Center for Human Brain Activity Mapping, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 3510 Dunhill Street, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Davies G, Lam M, Harris SE, Trampush JW, Luciano M, Hill WD, Hagenaars SP, Ritchie SJ, Marioni RE, Fawns-Ritchie C, Liewald DCM, Okely JA, Ahola-Olli AV, Barnes CLK, Bertram L, Bis JC, Burdick KE, Christoforou A, DeRosse P, Djurovic S, Espeseth T, Giakoumaki S, Giddaluru S, Gustavson DE, Hayward C, Hofer E, Ikram MA, Karlsson R, Knowles E, Lahti J, Leber M, Li S, Mather KA, Melle I, Morris D, Oldmeadow C, Palviainen T, Payton A, Pazoki R, Petrovic K, Reynolds CA, Sargurupremraj M, Scholz M, Smith JA, Smith AV, Terzikhan N, Thalamuthu A, Trompet S, van der Lee SJ, Ware EB, Windham BG, Wright MJ, Yang J, Yu J, Ames D, Amin N, Amouyel P, Andreassen OA, Armstrong NJ, Assareh AA, Attia JR, Attix D, Avramopoulos D, Bennett DA, Böhmer AC, Boyle PA, Brodaty H, Campbell H, Cannon TD, Cirulli ET, Congdon E, Conley ED, Corley J, Cox SR, Dale AM, Dehghan A, Dick D, Dickinson D, Eriksson JG, Evangelou E, Faul JD, Ford I, Freimer NA, Gao H, Giegling I, Gillespie NA, Gordon SD, Gottesman RF, Griswold ME, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Hartmann AM, Hatzimanolis A, Heiss G, Holliday EG, Joshi PK, Kähönen M, Kardia SLR, Karlsson I, Kleineidam L, Knopman DS, Kochan NA, Konte B, Kwok JB, Le Hellard S, Lee T, Lehtimäki T, Li SC, Lill CM, Liu T, Koini M, London E, Longstreth WT, Lopez OL, Loukola A, Luck T, Lundervold AJ, Lundquist A, Lyytikäinen LP, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Murray AD, Need AC, Noordam R, Nyberg L, Ollier W, Papenberg G, Pattie A, Polasek O, Poldrack RA, Psaty BM, Reppermund S, Riedel-Heller SG, Rose RJ, Rotter JI, Roussos P, Rovio SP, Saba Y, Sabb FW, Sachdev PS, Satizabal CL, Schmid M, Scott RJ, Scult MA, Simino J, Slagboom PE, Smyrnis N, Soumaré A, Stefanis NC, Stott DJ, Straub RE, Sundet K, Taylor AM, Taylor KD, Tzoulaki I, Tzourio C, Uitterlinden A, Vitart V, Voineskos AN, Kaprio J, Wagner M, Wagner H, Weinhold L, Wen KH, Widen E, Yang Q, Zhao W, Adams HHH, Arking DE, Bilder RM, Bitsios P, Boerwinkle E, Chiba-Falek O, Corvin A, De Jager PL, Debette S, Donohoe G, Elliott P, Fitzpatrick AL, Gill M, Glahn DC, Hägg S, Hansell NK, Hariri AR, Ikram MK, Jukema JW, Vuoksimaa E, Keller MC, Kremen WS, Launer L, Lindenberger U, Palotie A, Pedersen NL, Pendleton N, Porteous DJ, Räikkönen K, Raitakari OT, Ramirez A, Reinvang I, Rudan I, Dan Rujescu, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Schofield PW, Schofield PR, Starr JM, Steen VM, Trollor JN, Turner ST, Van Duijn CM, Villringer A, Weinberger DR, Weir DR, Wilson JF, Malhotra A, McIntosh AM, Gale CR, Seshadri S, Mosley TH, Bressler J, Lencz T, Deary IJ. Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2098. [PMID: 29844566 PMCID: PMC5974083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16-102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P < 5 × 10-8) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the cortex are associated with general cognitive function. Using polygenic scores, up to 4.3% of variance in general cognitive function is predicted in independent samples. We detect significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function, reaction time, and many health variables including eyesight, hypertension, and longevity. In conclusion we identify novel genetic loci and pathways contributing to the heritability of general cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Max Lam
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Joey W Trampush
- BrainWorkup, LLC, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - W David Hill
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Saskia P Hagenaars
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Stuart J Ritchie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - David C M Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Judith A Okely
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ari V Ahola-Olli
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, 28100, Finland
| | - Catriona L K Barnes
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Lars Bertram
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, Washington, USA
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 3), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, 10468, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030, NY, USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315, Norway
| | - Stella Giakoumaki
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Crete, GR-74100, Greece
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Daniel E Gustavson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
- Institute of Medical Informatics Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, xxxxxx, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Emma Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Markus Leber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50937, Germany
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
| | - Derek Morris
- Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wa0les, 2308, Australia
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Antony Payton
- Centre for EpidemiologyDivision of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Raha Pazoki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Katja Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92521, CA, USA
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Stella Trompet
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Erin B Ware
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - B Gwen Windham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
| | - Jin Yu
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030, NY, USA
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, St George's Hospital, Kew, 3010, Australia
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0372, Norway
| | | | - Amelia A Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - John R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Deborah Attix
- Department of NeurologyBryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708, NC, USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology, and Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708, NC, USA
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, 21287, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, 21287, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Patricia A Boyle
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
- Departments of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, NSW, Australia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA
| | | | - Eliza Congdon
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024, CA, USA
| | | | - Janie Corley
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23284, VA, USA
| | - Dwight Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, 2018, Finland
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nelson A Freimer
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024, CA, USA
| | - He Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298, VA, USA
| | - Scott D Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Griswold
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Alex Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01, Greece
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, 11521, Greece
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33521, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ida Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- Department of Psychiatry Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50923, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre-The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Teresa Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01187, Germany
| | - Christina M Lill
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tian Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Marisa Koini
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Edythe London
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024, CA, USA
| | - Will T Longstreth
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-6465, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Tobias Luck
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5009, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5009, Norway
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Statistics, USBE Umeå University, S-907 97, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Alison D Murray
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Anna C Need
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - William Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-113 30, Sweden
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Gen-Info LLC, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, 21000, Croatia
| | - Russell A Poldrack
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 94305-2130, CA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, Washington, USA
- Deparment of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-7660, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405-7007, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90509, CA, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, 10468, NY, USA
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Yasaman Saba
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Fred W Sabb
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, 97403, OR, USA
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, 01702-5827, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital, Bonn, D-53012, Germany
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Matthew A Scult
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, 27708-0086, NC, USA
| | - Jeannette Simino
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01, Greece
| | - Aïcha Soumaré
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nikos C Stefanis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01, Greece
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, 11521, Greece
| | - David J Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard E Straub
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315, Norway
| | - Adele M Taylor
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90509, CA, USA
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1L8, Canada
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Holger Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital, Bonn, D-53012, Germany
| | - K Hoyan Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, 21287, USA
| | - Robert M Bilder
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024, CA, USA
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GR-71003, Greece
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030-3411, TX, USA
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Department of NeurologyBryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708, NC, USA
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, DO2 AY89, Ireland
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, NY, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, 98104, WA, USA
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, DO2 AY89, Ireland
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Narelle K Hansell
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, 27708-0086, NC, USA
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, xxxxxx, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Lenore Launer
- Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | | | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester Medical School, Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50937, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315, Norway
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Peter W Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Steven T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cornelia M Van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anil Malhotra
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, 11004, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, 11549, NY, USA
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Catharine R Gale
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, 97403, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, 78229, TX, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Banerjee N, Polushina T, Bettella F, Giddaluru S, Steen VM, Andreassen OA, Le Hellard S. Recently evolved human-specific methylated regions are enriched in schizophrenia signals. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:63. [PMID: 29747567 PMCID: PMC5946405 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One explanation for the persistence of schizophrenia despite the reduced fertility of patients is that it is a by-product of recent human evolution. This hypothesis is supported by evidence suggesting that recently-evolved genomic regions in humans are involved in the genetic risk for schizophrenia. Using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia and 11 other phenotypes, we tested for enrichment of association with GWAS traits in regions that have undergone methylation changes in the human lineage compared to Neanderthals and Denisovans, i.e. human-specific differentially methylated regions (DMRs). We used analytical tools that evaluate polygenic enrichment of a subset of genomic variants against all variants. Results Schizophrenia was the only trait in which DMR SNPs showed clear enrichment of association that passed the genome-wide significance threshold. The enrichment was not observed for Neanderthal or Denisovan DMRs. The enrichment seen in human DMRs is comparable to that for genomic regions tagged by Neanderthal Selective Sweep markers, and stronger than that for Human Accelerated Regions. The enrichment survives multiple testing performed through permutation (n = 10,000) and bootstrapping (n = 5000) in INRICH (p < 0.01). Some enrichment of association with height was observed at the gene level. Conclusions Regions where DNA methylation modifications have changed during recent human evolution show enrichment of association with schizophrenia and possibly with height. Our study further supports the hypothesis that genetic variants conferring risk of schizophrenia co-occur in genomic regions that have changed as the human species evolved. Since methylation is an epigenetic mark, potentially mediated by environmental changes, our results also suggest that interaction with the environment might have contributed to that association. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1177-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Banerjee
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tatiana Polushina
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory Building, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hoseth EZ, Krull F, Dieset I, Mørch RH, Hope S, Gardsjord ES, Steen NE, Melle I, Brattbakk HR, Steen VM, Aukrust P, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Ueland T. Exploring the Wnt signaling pathway in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:55. [PMID: 29507296 PMCID: PMC5838215 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment and in regulating the function and structure of the adult nervous system. Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe mental disorders with evidence of subtle neurodevelopmental, structural and functional neuronal abnormalities. We aimed to elucidate the role of aberrant regulation of the Wnt system in these disorders by evaluating plasma levels of secreted Wnt modulators in patients (SCZ = 551 and BD = 246) and healthy controls (HCs = 639) using enzyme immune-assay. We also investigated the expression of 141 Wnt-related genes in whole blood in a subsample (SCZ = 338, BD = 241, and HCs = 263) using microarray analysis. Both SCZ and BD had dysregulated mRNA expression of Wnt-related genes favoring attenuated canonical (beta-catenin-dependent) signaling, and there were also indices of enhanced non-canonical Wnt signaling. In particular, FZD7, which may activate all Wnt pathways, but favors non-canonical signaling, and NFATc3, a downstream transcription factor and readout of the non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway, were significantly increased in SCZ and BD (p < 3 × 10-4). Furthermore, patients had lower plasma levels of soluble dickkopf 1 and sclerostin (p < 0.01) compared with HC. Our findings suggest that SCZ and BD are characterized by abnormal Wnt gene expression and plasma protein levels, and we propose that drugs targeting the Wnt pathway may have a role in the treatment of severe mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Z. Hoseth
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Kristiansund, Norway
| | - Florian Krull
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Dieset
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragni H. Mørch
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrun Hope
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Departent of Neurohabilitation, Division of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend S. Gardsjord
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans-Richard Brattbakk
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Oslo, Norway ,0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Oslo, Norway ,0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway ,0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway ,0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Instiute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway ,0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1K.G. Jensen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bNORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. .,Instiute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. .,K.G. Jensen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kroken RA, Sommer IE, Steen VM, Dieset I, Johnsen E. Constructing the Immune Signature of Schizophrenia for Clinical Use and Research; An Integrative Review Translating Descriptives Into Diagnostics. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:753. [PMID: 30766494 PMCID: PMC6365449 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered a syndrome comprised by several disease phenotypes, covering a range of underlying pathologies. One of these disease mechanisms seems to involve immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation. While the current dopamine receptor-blocking antipsychotic drugs decrease psychotic symptoms and prevent relapse in the majority of patients with schizophrenia, there is a huge need to explore new treatment options that target other pathophysiological pathways. Such studies should aim at identifying robust biomarkers in order to diagnose and monitor the immune biophenotype in schizophrenia and develop better selection procedures for clinical trials with anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating drugs. In this focused review, we describe available methods to assess inflammatory status and immune disturbances in vivo. We also outline findings of immune disturbances and signs of inflammation at cellular, protein, and brain imaging levels in patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, we summarize the results from studies with anti-inflammatory or other immune-modulating drugs, highlighting how such studies have dealt with participant selection. Finally, we propose a strategy to construct an immune signature that may be helpful in selecting and monitoring participants in studies with immune modulating drugs and also applicable in regular clinical work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rune A Kroken
- Psychiatric Division, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Department of Clinical Science, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Dr. E. Martens Research Group of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Dieset
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Acute Psychiatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Psychiatric Division, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ersland KM, Skrede S, Stansberg C, Steen VM. Subchronic olanzapine exposure leads to increased expression of myelination-related genes in rat fronto-medial cortex. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:1262. [PMID: 29187753 PMCID: PMC5802494 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder with severe and disabling symptoms, such as hallucinations, delusions, blunted affect and social withdrawal. The neuropathology remains elusive, but disturbances in immunity-related processes, neuronal connectivity and myelination have consistently been linked to schizophrenia. Antipsychotic drugs can be efficient in reducing symptoms, acting primarily on the dopamine system, but additional biological targets are likely to exist. Here we have screened for novel mechanisms of action in an animal model, using adult rats exposed to long-acting olanzapine, achieving stable and clinically relevant antipsychotic drug concentrations. By microarray-based examination of global gene expression in the fronto-medial cortex, at the single gene- and gene-set level, we observed downregulation of two neuropeptide-encoding genes, Vgf and Cort (fold change -1,25 and -1,48, respectively) in response to olanzapine exposure. Furthermore, we demonstrated significant upregulation of five out of ~2000 GO predefined gene sets after olanzapine exposure. Strikingly, all were linked to myelination and oligodendrocyte development; "Ensheathment of neurons", "Axon ensheathment", "Myelination", "Myelin sheath" and "Oligodendrocyte development" (FDR-values < 25). Sixteen of the leading edge genes in these gene sets were analysed independently by qPCR, of which 11 genes displayed significant upregulation, including Plp1, Mal, Mag and Cnp (fold change: 1,30, 1,50, 1,30 and 1,15, respectively). Several of the upregulated genes (e.g. MAG, MAL and CNP) have previously been reported as downregulated in post-mortem brain samples from schizophrenia patients. Although caution needs to be taken when extrapolating results from animal studies to humans, the data suggest a role for olanzapine in alleviating myelination-related dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari M. Ersland
- 0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bThe Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT) and the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Silje Skrede
- 0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bThe Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT) and the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christine Stansberg
- 0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bThe Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT) and the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- 0000 0000 9753 1393grid.412008.fDr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021 Norway ,0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bThe Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT) and the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Trampush JW, Yang MLZ, Yu J, Knowles E, Davies G, Liewald DC, Starr JM, Djurovic S, Melle I, Sundet K, Christoforou A, Reinvang I, DeRosse P, Lundervold AJ, Steen VM, Espeseth T, Räikkönen K, Widen E, Palotie A, Eriksson JG, Giegling I, Konte B, Roussos P, Giakoumaki S, Burdick KE, Payton A, Ollier W, Horan M, Chiba-Falek O, Attix DK, Need AC, Cirulli ET, Voineskos AN, Stefanis NC, Avramopoulos D, Hatzimanolis A, Arking DE, Smyrnis N, Bilder RM, Freimer NA, Cannon TD, London E, Poldrack RA, Sabb FW, Congdon E, Conley ED, Scult MA, Dickinson D, Straub RE, Donohoe G, Morris D, Corvin A, Gill M, Hariri AR, Weinberger DR, Pendleton N, Bitsios P, Rujescu D, Lahti J, Le Hellard S, Keller MC, Andreassen OA, Deary IJ, Glahn DC, Malhotra AK, Lencz T. GWAS meta-analysis reveals novel loci and genetic correlates for general cognitive function: a report from the COGENT consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1651-1652. [PMID: 29068436 PMCID: PMC5659072 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.244.
Collapse
|
47
|
Steen VM, Skrede S, Polushina T, López M, Andreassen OA, Fernø J, Hellard SL. Genetic evidence for a role of the SREBP transcription system and lipid biosynthesis in schizophrenia and antipsychotic treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:589-598. [PMID: 27492885 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious psychotic disorder, with disabling symptoms and markedly reduced life expectancy. The onset is usually in late adolescence or early adulthood, which in time overlaps with the maturation of the brain including the myelination process. Interestingly, there seems to be a link between myelin abnormalities and schizophrenia. The oligodendrocyte-derived myelin membranes in the CNS are highly enriched for lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids and glycosphingolipids), thereby pointing at lipid homeostasis as a relevant target for studying the genetics and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol is regulated by the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors SREBP1 and SREBP2, which are encoded by the SREBF1 and SREBF2 genes on chromosome 17p11.2 and 22q13.2, respectively. Here we review the evidence for the involvement of SREBF1 and SREBF2 as genetic risk factors in schizophrenia and discuss the role of myelination and SREBP-mediated lipid biosynthesis in the etiology, pathophysiology and drug treatment of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Silje Skrede
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tatiana Polushina
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Fernø
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ngcungcu T, Oti M, Sitek JC, Haukanes BI, Linghu B, Bruccoleri R, Stokowy T, Oakeley EJ, Yang F, Zhu J, Sultan M, Schalkwijk J, van Vlijmen-Willems IMJJ, von der Lippe C, Brunner HG, Ersland KM, Grayson W, Buechmann-Moller S, Sundnes O, Nirmala N, Morgan TM, van Bokhoven H, Steen VM, Hull PR, Szustakowski J, Staedtler F, Zhou H, Fiskerstrand T, Ramsay M. Duplicated Enhancer Region Increases Expression of CTSB and Segregates with Keratolytic Winter Erythema in South African and Norwegian Families. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:737-750. [PMID: 28457472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratolytic winter erythema (KWE) is a rare autosomal-dominant skin disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of palmoplantar erythema and epidermal peeling. KWE was previously mapped to 8p23.1-p22 (KWE critical region) in South African families. Using targeted resequencing of the KWE critical region in five South African families and SNP array and whole-genome sequencing in two Norwegian families, we identified two overlapping tandem duplications of 7.67 kb (South Africans) and 15.93 kb (Norwegians). The duplications segregated with the disease and were located upstream of CTSB, a gene encoding cathepsin B, a cysteine protease involved in keratinocyte homeostasis. Included in the 2.62 kb overlapping region of these duplications is an enhancer element that is active in epidermal keratinocytes. The activity of this enhancer correlated with CTSB expression in normal differentiating keratinocytes and other cell lines, but not with FDFT1 or NEIL2 expression. Gene expression (qPCR) analysis and immunohistochemistry of the palmar epidermis demonstrated significantly increased expression of CTSB, as well as stronger staining of cathepsin B in the stratum granulosum of affected individuals than in that of control individuals. Analysis of higher-order chromatin structure data and RNA polymerase II ChIA-PET data from MCF-7 cells did not suggest remote effects of the enhancer. In conclusion, KWE in South African and Norwegian families is caused by tandem duplications in a non-coding genomic region containing an active enhancer element for CTSB, resulting in upregulation of this gene in affected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thandiswa Ngcungcu
- Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology and the Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Martin Oti
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands; Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Jan C Sitek
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway; Centre for Rare Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Bjørn I Haukanes
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Bolan Linghu
- Computational Biomedicine, WRD Genome Sciences & Technologies, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert Bruccoleri
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Congenomics, Glastonbury, CT 06033, USA
| | - Tomasz Stokowy
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Edward J Oakeley
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Fan Yang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marc Sultan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M J J van Vlijmen-Willems
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | | | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands; Maastricht UMC, Department of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht 6202 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Kari M Ersland
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Wayne Grayson
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and Ampath National Laboratories, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | | | - Olav Sundnes
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway; Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Nanguneri Nirmala
- Institute for Clinical Research and Policy Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Thomas M Morgan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Peter R Hull
- Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada
| | | | - Frank Staedtler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Torunn Fiskerstrand
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway.
| | - Michele Ramsay
- Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology and the Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Le Hellard S, Wang Y, Witoelar A, Zuber V, Bettella F, Hugdahl K, Espeseth T, Steen VM, Melle I, Desikan R, Schork AJ, Thompson WK, Dale AM, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA. Identification of Gene Loci That Overlap Between Schizophrenia and Educational Attainment. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:654-664. [PMID: 27338279 PMCID: PMC5463752 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence for genetic overlap between cognitive abilities and schizophrenia (SCZ), and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) demonstrate that both SCZ and general cognitive abilities have a strong polygenic component with many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) each with a small effect. Here we investigated the shared genetic architecture between SCZ and educational attainment, which is regarded as a "proxy phenotype" for cognitive abilities, but may also reflect other traits. We applied a conditional false discovery rate (condFDR) method to GWAS of SCZ (n = 82 315), college completion ("College," n = 95 427), and years of education ("EduYears," n = 101 069). Variants associated with College or EduYears showed enrichment of association with SCZ, demonstrating polygenic overlap. This was confirmed by an increased replication rate in SCZ. By applying a condFDR threshold <0.01, we identified 18 genomic loci associated with SCZ after conditioning on College and 15 loci associated with SCZ after conditioning on EduYears. Ten of these loci overlapped. Using conjunctional FDR, we identified 10 loci shared between SCZ and College, and 29 loci shared between SCZ and EduYears. The majority of these loci had effects in opposite directions. Our results provide evidence for polygenic overlap between SCZ and educational attainment, and identify novel pleiotropic loci. Other studies have reported genetic overlap between SCZ and cognition, or SCZ and educational attainment, with negative correlation. Importantly, our methods enable identification of bi-directional effects, which highlight the complex relationship between SCZ and educational attainment, and support polygenic mechanisms underlying both cognitive dysfunction and creativity in SCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;,Multimodal Imaging Lab, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA;,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Aree Witoelar
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Verena Zuber
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;,NCMM, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- NORMENT, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rahul Desikan
- Multimodal Imaging Lab, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA;,Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrew J. Schork
- Multimodal Imaging Lab, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA;,Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Multimodal Imaging Lab, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA;,Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA;,Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;,NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;,Multimodal Imaging Lab, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Athanasiu L, Giddaluru S, Fernandes C, Christoforou A, Reinvang I, Lundervold AJ, Nilsson LG, Kauppi K, Adolfsson R, Eriksson E, Sundet K, Djurovic S, Espeseth T, Nyberg L, Steen VM, Andreassen OA, Le Hellard S. A genetic association study of CSMD1 and CSMD2 with cognitive function. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 61:209-216. [PMID: 27890662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement cascade plays a role in synaptic pruning and synaptic plasticity, which seem to be involved in cognitive functions and psychiatric disorders. Genetic variants in the closely related CSMD1 and CSMD2 genes, which are implicated in complement regulation, are associated with schizophrenia. Since patients with schizophrenia often show cognitive impairments, we tested whether variants in CSMD1 and CSMD2 are also associated with cognitive functions per se. We took a discovery-replication approach, using well-characterized Scandinavian cohorts. A total of 1637 SNPs in CSMD1 and 206 SNPs in CSMD2 were tested for association with cognitive functions in the NCNG sample (Norwegian Cognitive NeuroGenetics; n=670). Replication testing of SNPs with p-value<0.001 (7 in CSMD1 and 3 in CSMD2) was carried out in the TOP sample (Thematically Organized Psychosis; n=1025) and the BETULA sample (Betula Longitudinal Study on aging, memory and dementia; n=1742). Finally, we conducted a meta-analysis of these SNPs using all three samples. The previously identified schizophrenia marker in CSMD1 (SNP rs10503253) was also included. The strongest association was observed between the CSMD1 SNP rs2740931 and performance in immediate episodic memory (p-value=5×10-6, minor allele A, MAF 0.48-0.49, negative direction of effect). This association reached the study-wide significance level (p⩽1.2×10-5). SNP rs10503253 was not significantly associated with cognitive functions in our samples. In conclusion, we studied n=3437 individuals and found evidence that a variant in CSMD1 is associated with cognitive function. Additional studies of larger samples with cognitive phenotypes will be needed to further clarify the role of CSMD1 in cognitive phenotypes in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway; NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Carla Fernandes
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Lars-Göran Nilsson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kauppi
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umea University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umea University, SE 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elias Eriksson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umea University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|