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Chow AHY, Mungalsingh MA, Thai D, Selimos Z, Yan SK, Xu H, Jones DA. Suitability of multifunction devices Myah and Myopia Master for monitoring myopia progression in children and adults. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:1017-1030. [PMID: 38760986 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of using multifunction instruments to measure axial length for monitoring myopia progression in children and adults. METHODS Axial length was measured in 60 children (aged 6-18 years) and 60 adults (aged 19-50 years) with multifunction instruments (Myah and Myopia Master) and stand-alone biometers (Lenstar LS900 and IOLMaster 700). Repeatability (measurements by the same examiner) and reproducibility (measurements by different examiners) were computed as the within-subject standard deviation (Sw) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA). Inter-instrument agreement was computed as intraclass correlation coefficients. The threshold for detecting myopic progression was taken as 0.1 mm. Measures were repeated only in children following the administration of 1% tropicamide to determine the impact of cycloplegia on axial length. RESULTS Overall, the IOLMaster 700 had the best repeatability in children (0.014 mm) and adults (0.009 mm). Repeatability Sw values for all devices ranged from 0.005 to 0.021 mm (children) and 0.003 to 0.016 mm (adults). In children, reproducibility fell within 0.1 mm 95% of the time for the Myah, Myopia Master and IOLMaster 700. Agreement among all devices was classified as excellent (ICC 0.999; 95% CI 0.998-0.999), but the 95% LoA among the Myah, Myopia Master and Lenstar LS900 was ≥0.1 mm. Cycloplegia had no statistically significant effect on axial length (all p > 0.13). CONCLUSIONS The Myah and Myopia Master multifunction instruments demonstrated good repeatability and reproducibility, and their accuracy was comparable to stand-alone biometers. Axial length measurements using different instruments can be considered interchangeable but should be compared with some caution. Accurate axial length measurements can be obtained without cycloplegia. The multifunction instruments Myah and Myopia Master are as well suited for monitoring myopia progression in children as the stand-alone biometers IOLMaster 700 and Lenstar LS900.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Y Chow
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Melanie A Mungalsingh
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danny Thai
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zoe Selimos
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Kathryn Yan
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hellen Xu
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah A Jones
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR China
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Yu J, Zhao G, Lei CS, Wan T, Ning R, Xing W, Ma X, Pan H, Savini G, Schiano-Lomoriello D, Zhou X, Huang J. Repeatability and reproducibility of a new fully automatic measurement optical low coherence reflectometry biometer and agreement with swept-source optical coherence tomography-based biometer. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:673-678. [PMID: 37142332 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-323268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the repeatability and reproducibility of the ocular measurements obtained with the Suoer SW-9000 μm Plus, a new fully automatic biometer based on optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) biometer, and to compare them to those obtained by a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT)-based biometer. METHODS This prospective study consisted of 115 eyes of 115 healthy subjects. The measurements were taken by the two optical biometers in random order. The measured parameters were axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous depth (AQD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), mean keratometry (Km), lens thickness (LT) and corneal diameter (CD). To evaluate the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility, the within-subject SD, test-retest variability, coefficient of variation (CoV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were adopted. The Bland-Altman plot was drawn to assess the agreement. RESULTS The repeatability and reproducibility of all parameters for the new device were excellent (ICC>0.960 and CoV<0.71%). The Bland-Altman plots showed high agreement between the OLCR-based and SS-OCT-based devices for AL, CCT, AQD, ACD, Km and LT, with narrow 95% limit of agreements (LoAs) (-0.08 mm to 0.06 mm, -15.91 µm to -1.01 µm, -0.09 mm to 0.09 mm, -0.09 mm to 0.08 mm, -0.47 D to 0.35 D, -0.05 mm to 0.16 mm, respectively) and moderate agreement for CD (95% LoA: -0.67 mm to -0.01 mm). CONCLUSIONS The new Suoer SW-9000 μm Plus biometer showed excellent repeatability and reproducibility. All the parameters obtained by this biometer were similar to those measured by SS-OCT-based biometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Yu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoli Zhao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Chak Seng Lei
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wan
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Ning
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqian Xing
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xindi Ma
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxian Pan
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Xingtao Zhou
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
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Alió JL, José-Martínez M, Martínez-Abad A, Rodríguez AE, Versaci F, Hjortdal J, Murta JN, Plaza-Puche AB, Cantó-Cerdán M, Piñero DP. Clinical Evaluation of a New Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Biometer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:560. [PMID: 38473032 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The VEMoS-AXL system is a new optical biometer based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) that has been tested in terms of intrasession repeatability and compared with a swept-source optical coherence tomography biometer (SS-OCT), which is recognized as the gold standard for the performance of an agreement analysis. A biometric analysis was performed three consecutive times in 120 healthy eyes of 120 patients aged between 18 and 40 years with the SD-OCT system, and afterwards, a single measurement was obtained with the SS-OCT system. Within-subject standard deviations were 0.004 mm, 4.394 µm, and 0.017 mm for axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) measures obtained with the SD-OCT biometer, respectively. The agreement between devices was good for AL (limits of agreement, LoA: -0.04 to 0.03 mm) and CCT (LoA: -4.36 to 14.38 µm), whereas differences between devices were clinically relevant for ACD (LoA: 0.03 to 0.21 mm). In conclusion, the VEMoS-AXL system provides consistent measures of anatomical parameters, being most of them interchangeable with those provided by the SS-OCT-based gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Alió
- Research and Development Department, Vissum Grupo Miranza, 03016 Alicante, Spain
- School of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Marina José-Martínez
- Research and Development Department, Vissum Grupo Miranza, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jesper Hjortdal
- Department of Opthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joaquim Neto Murta
- Department of Opthalmology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana B Plaza-Puche
- Research and Development Department, Vissum Grupo Miranza, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | - Mario Cantó-Cerdán
- Research and Development Department, Vissum Grupo Miranza, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | - David P Piñero
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
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Yu J, Lin X, Huang X, Xu Z, Ning R, Li K, Savini G, Schiano-Lomoriello D, Zhou X, Huang J. Evaluation of a new dynamic real-time visualization 25 kHz swept-source optical coherence tomography based biometer. EYE AND VISION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 11:9. [PMID: 38433240 PMCID: PMC10910812 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-024-00377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility of a newly developed dynamic real-time visualization 25 kHz swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) based biometer (ZW-30, TowardPi Medical Technology Ltd, China) and compare its agreement with another SS-OCT based biometer (IOLMaster 700, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany). METHODS Eighty-two healthy right eyes were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Measurements were repeated for three times using the ZW-30 and IOLMaster 700 in a random order. Obtained parameters included axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous depth (AQD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), mean keratometry (Km), astigmatism magnitude (AST), vector J0, vector J45, and corneal diameter (CD). The within-subject standard deviation (Sw), test-retest (TRT) variability, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were adopted to assess the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility. The double-angle plot was also used to display the distribution of AST. To estimate agreement, Bland-Altman plots were used. RESULTS For the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility, the Sw, TRT and CoV for all parameters were low. Meanwhile, the ICC values were all close to 1.000, except for the J45 (ICC = 0.887 for the intraobserver repeatability). The double-angle plot showed that the distribution of AST measured by these two devices was similar. For agreement, the Bland-Altman plots showed narrow 95% limits of agreements (LoAs) for AL, CCT, AQD, ACD, LT, Km AST, J0, J45, and CD (- 0.02 mm to 0.02 mm, - 7.49 μm to 8.08 μm, - 0.07 mm to 0.04 mm, - 0.07 mm to 0.04 mm, - 0.07 mm to 0.08 mm, - 0.16 D to 0.30 D, - 0.30 D to 0.29 D, - 0.16 D to 0.16 D, - 0.23 D to 0.13 D, and - 0.39 mm to 0.10 mm, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The newly dynamic real-time visualization biometer exhibited excellent intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility. The two devices both based on the SS-OCT principle had similar ocular parameters measurement values and can be interchanged in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Yu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, N No. 19 Baoqing Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanqiao Lin
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, N No. 19 Baoqing Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, N No. 19 Baoqing Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ning
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, N No. 19 Baoqing Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, N No. 19 Baoqing Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Xingtao Zhou
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, N No. 19 Baoqing Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinhai Huang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, N No. 19 Baoqing Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Langenbucher A, Szentmáry N, Cayless A, Hoffmann P, Wendelstein J, Cooke D. Repeatability of biometric measures from the IOLMaster 700 in a cataractous population. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297869. [PMID: 38330090 PMCID: PMC10852222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the repeatability of biometric measures and also to assess the interactions between the uncertainties in these measures for use in an error propagation model, using data from a large patient cohort. METHODS In this cross-sectional non-randomised study we evaluated a dataset containing 3379 IOLMaster 700 biometric measurements taken prior to cataract surgery. Only complete scans with at least 3 successful measurements for each eye performed on the same day were considered. The mean (Mean) and standard deviations (SD) for each sequence of measurements were derived and analysed. Correlations between the uncertainties were assessed using Spearman rank correlations. RESULTS In the dataset with 677 eyes matching the inclusion criteria, the within subject standard deviation and repeatability for all parameters match previously published data. The SD of the axial length (AL) increased with the Mean AL, but there was no noticeable dependency of the SD of any of the other parameters on their corresponding Mean value. The SDs of the parameters are not independent of one another, and in particular we observe correlations between those for AL, anterior chamber depth, aqueous depth, lens thickness and corneal thickness. CONCLUSIONS The SD change over Mean for AL measurement and the correlations between the uncertainties of several biometric parameters mean that a simple Gaussian error propagation model cannot be used to derive the effect of biometric uncertainties on the predicted intraocular lens power and refraction after cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Langenbucher
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Nóra Szentmáry
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis-University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alan Cayless
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Augen- und Laserklinik Castrop-Rauxel, Castrop-Rauxel, Germany
| | - Jascha Wendelstein
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - David Cooke
- Great Lakes Eye Care, Saint Joseph, MI, United States of America
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
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Chai F, Ma JX, Wang X, Liu J, Jiang L, Wu W, Li J. Total keratometry for toric intraocular lens calculation: comparison from two swept-source optical coherence tomography biometers. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1276186. [PMID: 38259841 PMCID: PMC10800841 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1276186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the astigmatism prediction accuracy of total keratometry (TK) from the IOLMaster 700 and total corneal power (TCP) from Anterion based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) technology in toric intraocular lens (toric IOL) calculation. Design A retrospective observational study. Methods Total corneal astigmatism (TCA) were obtained using IOLMaster 700 and Anterion. Z CALC 2.0 was used to calculate the expected postoperative refractive astigmatism in conjunction with TCA. Prediction errors (PE) in refractive outcomes was analyzed 1 month postoperatively using the vector analysis by the Holladay method, including the mean vector PE magnitude, percentage of cases with vector PE in certain intervals, and the centroid PE. Results A total of 56 eyes from 56 patients were enrolled in the study with an insertion of an AT TORBI 709 toric IOL. The difference in mean vector PE of postoperative refractive astigmatism between TK and TCP was not statistically significant (0.48D versus 0.46D, P = 0.281). TK and TCP yielded 27.3 and 40.0% of eyes with vector PE ≤ 0.25D, and 58.2 and 63.6% with vector PE ≤ 0.5D (both P > 0.05), respectively. TK and TCP resulted in similar ATR centroid PE of 0.10D@35° ± 0.60D and 0.15D@22° ± 0.57D, respectively, and there were no significant differences between x-PE component and y-PE component. Conclusion IOLMaster 700 and Anterion provided comparable astigmatic predictability in toric IOL implantation using total keratometry and Z CALC 2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Chai
- Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jack X. Ma
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wanmin Wu
- Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Li Y, Zou Z, Xu S, Yu J, Ye Q, Li K, Xiao Y, Savini G, Schiano-Lomoriello D, Zhou X, Yao M, Huang J. Evaluation of a New All-in-One Optical Biometer and Comparison With a Validated Swept-source OCT Biometer. J Refract Surg 2023; 39:825-830. [PMID: 38063829 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20231018-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess agreement between a new all-in-one non-contact optical biometer based on optical low coherence reflectometry (SW-9000 µm Plus; Suoer) and a swept-source optical coherence tomography biometer (OA-2000; Tomey). METHODS Each eye was scanned three times in a row by each device at random. The measured ocular parameters included central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), axial length (AL), flat keratometry (Kf), steep keratometry (Ks), mean keratometry (Km), astigmatism, corneal diameter (CD), and pupil diameter (PD). The paired t test was used to show the differences between the SW-9000 and OA-2000. Bland-Altman plots and the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were applied to assess the consistency of the measurements. RESULTS Sixty eyes from 60 healthy participants were examined, with a mean spherical equivalent refraction of -5.58 ± 2.31 diopters and a mean age of 30.40 ± 6.07 years. The Bland-Altman plots showed high agreement for AL, ACD, LT, Kf, Ks, Km, astigmatism, and CD measurements (95% LoA: -0.06 to 0.04 mm, -0.10 to 0.06 mm, -0.12 to 0.11 mm, -0.30 to 0.29 D, -0.35 to 0.38 D, -0.29 to 0.30 D, -0.30 to 0.34 D, and -0.50 to 0.06 mm, respectively), whereas the agreement for CCT and PD were moderate (95% LoA: 7.12 to 20.43 µm, -0.75 to 1.19 mm, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The new all-in-one non-contact biometer had high agreement with the OA-2000 biometer on the AL, ACD, LT, Kf, Ks, Km, astigmatism, and CD measurements. For most of the ocular parameters assessed, they were clinically interchangeable. [J Refract Surg. 2023;39(12):825-830.].
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Chamarty S, Verkicharla PK. Accuracy and Precision of New Optical Biometer Designed for Myopia Management in Measurement of Ocular Biometry. Optom Vis Sci 2023; 100:745-750. [PMID: 37889981 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000002078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This study provides information about the repeatability of Myopia Master (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) and its agreement with Lenstar LS900, which might be useful for the practitioners involved in myopia management. PURPOSE Myopia Master is a new optical biometer that measures ocular biometry and refractive error. The purpose of this study was to assess its repeatability (intrasession and short-term intersession) and its agreement with Lenstar LS900 for the measurement of axial length and corneal curvature. METHODS A total of 304 participants including 254 children (mean ± standard deviation age, 13.7 ± 1.6 years) and 50 adults (24 ± 2.9 years) underwent measurements on Myopia Master and Lenstar LS900 to obtain axial length, flat K, and steep K. On a subset of 30 participants, measurements were obtained with Myopia Master in two sessions that were spread over 10 minutes to assess the short-term intersession repeatability. RESULTS The mean standard deviation of Myopia Master in the measurement of axial length in the total sample was 0.01 mm for intrasession, when the best three measurements were considered. The short-term intersession mean standard deviation for axial length, flat K, and steep K was 0.06 mm, 0.15 D, and 0.21 D, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in mean values of axial length (-0.04 ± 0.06 mm), flat K (-0.07 ± 0.15 D), and steep K (-0.24 ± 0.29 D) between Lenstar LS900 and Myopia Master, with the Lenstar providing slightly longer axial length and steeper K values. Adults showed better repeatability with Myopia Master and better agreement between the biometers for axial length measurement than children. Neither axial length nor refractive error influenced the repeatability or agreement. CONCLUSIONS Myopia Master is repeatable for the measurement of axial length and corneal curvature. Considering the differences in axial length between the Myopia Master and Lenstar LS900, caution must be applied when these biometers are used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Chamarty
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Noya-Padin V, Garcia-Queiruga J, Iacubitchii M, Giraldez MJ, Yebra-Pimentel E, Pena-Verdeal H. Lenstar LS900 vs EchoScan US-800: comparison between optical and ultrasound biometry with and without contact lenses and its relationship with other biometric parameters. Expert Rev Med Devices 2023. [PMID: 37402231 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2233410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing use of contact lenses (CL) and the interest in ocular and body size relationships, this study aimed to compare measurements from two biometers (contact ultrasonic EchoScan US-800 and non-contact optical Lenstar LS900) with and without CL and to explore the relationship between ocular and body biometric parameters. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study measured ocular biometry using two biometers along with their body height and right foot length in 50 participants. Differences between biometry data from the two devices were compared and correlations between ocular and body biometric values were analyzed. RESULTS All parameters showed interbiometric differences (p ≤ 0.030), except crystalline lens thickness during CL wear (p = 0.159). Comparing measurements with and without CL, differences were observed in axial length (p < 0.001), vitreous length measured by optical biometer (p = 0.016), and anterior chamber depth by ultrasonic biometer (p < 0.016). Lens thickness remained unaffected (p ≥ 0.190). Body height and foot length were correlated with anterior chamber depth, vitreous length, and axial length (p ≤ 0.019, r ≥ 0.330). Most biometric parameters were correlated among them using both devices (p ≤ 0.037, r ≥ 0.296). CONCLUSIONS These biometers are not interchangeable and CL affects measurements. Body height and foot length correlate with ocular dimensions, and most ocular biometric values correlate positively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Noya-Padin
- Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jacobo Garcia-Queiruga
- Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Maria Iacubitchii
- Ophthalmology Department, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Maria J Giraldez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Yebra-Pimentel
- Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Hugo Pena-Verdeal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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10
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Xiong Y, Lin Y, Zhao Z, Wang H, Zhang G. Evaluation and comparison of ocular biometric parameters obtained with Tomey OA-2000 in silicone oil-filled aphakic eyes. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:218. [PMID: 37194016 PMCID: PMC10189968 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02962-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a new non-contact instrument (OA-2000) measuring the ocular biometry parameters of silicone oil (SO)-filled aphakic eyes, as compared with IOLMaster 700. METHODS Forty SO-filled aphakic eyes of 40 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional clinical trial. The axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), keratometry ((flattest keratometry) Kf and (steep keratometry, 90° apart from Kf) Ks), and axis of the Kf (Ax1) were measured with OA-2000 and IOLMaster 700. The coefficient of variation (CoV) was calculated to assess the repeatability. The correlation was evaluated by the Pearson coefficient. Bland-Altman analysis and paired t test were used to analyze the agreements and differences of parameters measured by the two devices, respectively. RESULTS The mean AL obtained with the OA-2000 was 23.57 ± 0.93 mm (range: 21.50 to 25.68 mm), and that obtained with the IOLMaster 700 was 23.69 ± 0.94 mm (range: 21.85 to 25.86 mm), resulting in a mean offset of 0.124 ± 0.125 mm (p < 0.001). The mean offset of CCT measured by OA-2000 and IOLMaster 700 was 14.6 ± 7.5 μm (p < 0.001). However, the Kf, Ks and Ax1 values from the two devices were comparable (p > 0.05). All the measured parameters of the two devices showed strong linear correlations (all r ≥ 0.966). The Bland-Altman analysis showed a narrow 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of Kf, Ks and AL, but 95%LoA of CCT and Ax1 was wide, which were - 29.3 ~ 0.1 μm and-25.9 ~ 30.7°respectively. The CoVs of the biometric parameters obtained with OA-2000 were lower than 1%. CONCLUSION In SO-filled aphakic eyes, the ocular parameters (including AL, Kf, Ks, Ax1, and CCT) measured by the OA-2000 and IOLMaster 700 had a good correlation. Two devices had an excellent agreement on ocular biometric measurements of Kf, Ks and AL. The OA-2000 provided excellent repeatability of ocular parameters in SO-filled aphakic eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqun Xiong
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Dong xia Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Lin
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Dong xia Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Dong xia Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxi Wang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Dong xia Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihua Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Dong xia Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Michael R, Wirkner K, Engel C, Loeffler M, Kirsten T, Rauscher FG. Feasibility and repeatability of ocular biometry measured with IOLMaster 700 in a large population-based study. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023. [PMID: 37083081 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility and repeatability of IOLMaster 700 biometry measurements in an adult population. Furthermore, to assess the value of the Quality Indicators (QIs) provided by the device. METHOD As part of the large population-based Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE) Adult-Study, randomly selected participants from Leipzig, Germany were evaluated with the ZEISS IOLMaster 700. Age range was 26-85 years, with 53% of participants above 70 years of age. Axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and keratometry (K) were assessed in 1767 right eyes. Measurements were repeated twice and in a subset of 1331 eyes, three times. Measurement feasibility was evaluated for three levels; successful, with warnings and failed, using the inbuilt QIs. Repeatability was assessed as within-subject standard deviation (SD) and repeatability limits were calculated. RESULTS First measurement success rate for phakic eyes was over 99% for AL, CCT, ACD, over 98% for LT and over 97% for K. K had 16% eyes with warnings and the recommendation to repeat the measurement. Excluding the measurements with warnings resulted in a reduction of mean SD for AL from 48 to 4 μm and for mean K from 0.08 to 0.04 D. Repeatability for phakic eyes was 8 μm for AL, CCT, ACD and LT and 2.3 μm for CCT; 0.07 D and 0.12 D for mean K and delta K, respectively, for phakic cases without warnings (two measurements). CONCLUSIONS In our population-based sample, the IOLMaster 700 collected data for AL, CCT, ACD, LT and K from the vast majority of eyes. Considering the built-in QIs improved the measurement variability substantially. Repeatability measurements indicate that clinically meaningful changes can be detected reliably with this instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Michael
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Informatics Center - Dept. of Medical Data Science, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toralf Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Informatics Center - Dept. of Medical Data Science, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska G Rauscher
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Informatics Center - Dept. of Medical Data Science, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Mirzayev I, Gündüz AK, Aydın Ellialtıoğlu P, Gündüz ÖÖ. Clinical applications of anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103334. [PMID: 36764640 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive method that provides the opportunity to examine tissues by taking cross-sectional images. OCT is increasingly being used to evaluate anterior segment (AS) pathologies. Swept-source (SS) OCT allows greater penetration and achieves better visualization of the internal configuration of AS tissues due to the longer wavelength employed and high scan speeds. We reviewed the utilization of AS SS-OCT in various conditions including glaucoma, ocular surface pathologies, iris tumors, refractive surgery, cataract surgery, and scleral diseases. A systematic literature search was carried out on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases between January 1, 2008, and September 1, 2022 using the following keywords: AS SS-OCT; dry eye and SS-OCT; ocular surface and SS-OCT; cornea and SS-OCT; dystrophy and SS-OCT; glaucoma and SS-OCT; ocular surface tumors and SS-OCT; conjunctival tumors and SS-OCT; refractive surgery and SS-OCT; cataract and SS-OCT; biometry and SS-OCT; sclera and SS-OCT; iris and SS-OCT; ciliary body and SS-OCT; artificial intelligence and SS-OCT. A total of 221 studies were included in this review. Review of the existing literature shows that SS-OCT offers several advantages in the diagnosis of AS diseases. Exclusive features of SS-OCT including rapid scanning, deeper tissue penetration, and better image quality help improve our understanding of various AS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibadulla Mirzayev
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Halil Şıvgın Çubuk State Hospital, Ophthalmology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kaan Gündüz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Private Eye Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Ömür Özlenen Gündüz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Cheng SM, Li X, Zhang JS, Mei JQ, Shi GL, Lin J, Li TT, Yu AY. Comparison of Refractive Prediction Accuracy With Three Optical Devices. J Refract Surg 2023; 39:48-55. [PMID: 36630430 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20221115-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate refractive prediction accuracy with the OA-2000 (Tomey), Anterion (Heidelberg Engineering), and IOLMaster 500 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) in patients with cataract. METHODS Patients with cataract referred for phacoemulsification were enrolled and scanned with the OA-2000, Anterion, and IOLMaster 500 in random order. The success rate of axial length (AL) measurements per device was calculated and a chi-square test was used to identify the differences in acquisition rate between the three devices. The Bland-Altman method was used to appraise the agreement of biometric parameters between the three devices. Four different formulas (Barrett Universal II [BUII], Haigis, Holladay 1, and SRK/T) were included in the study. The parameters of refractive prediction accuracy comprised predictive error (PE), absolute PE (AE), and percentages of eyes with a PE within ±0.50, ±0.75, and ±1.00 diopters (D). RESULTS The acquisition rates of AL measurements with the OA-2000 and Anterion were 97.35% and 94.70%, respectively (chi-square = 3.82, P > .05). A significantly lower acquisition rate of 84.82% was obtained with the IOLMaster 500 compared with the other two devices (P < .05). Bland-Altman analysis identified good agreement between the three biometers with narrow 95% limits of agreement for flat and steep keratometry (K1 and K2), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and AL. For PE, only the differences between the Anterion and IOLMaster 500 with the Barrett UII and Haigis formulas were statistically significant (P < .05). The three devices revealed no statistically significant differences in MAE, MedAE, and the proportion of eyes with a PE within ±0.50, ±0.75, and ±1.00 D (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The OA-2000 and Anterion showed a similarly higher acquisition rate of AL measurements than the IOLMaster 500 in patients with cataract. Good agreement for K1, K2, ACD, and AL was found between the three biometers. Regarding refractive prediction accuracy, the Anterion did not significantly outperform both the OA-2000 and IOLMaster 500. [J Refract Surg. 2023;39(1):48-55.].
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Langenbucher A, Szentmáry N, Cayless A, Wendelstein J, Hoffmann P. Comparison of 2 modern swept-source optical biometers—IOLMaster 700 and Anterion. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 261:999-1010. [PMID: 36307658 PMCID: PMC10049935 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
To compare biometric measures from 2 modern swept-source OCT biometers (IOLMaster700 (Z, Carl-Zeiss-Meditec) and Anterion (H, Heidelberg Engineering)) and evaluate the effect of measurement differences on the resulting lens power (IOLP).
Methods
Biometric measurements were made on a large study population with both instruments. We compared axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and corneal front and back surface curvature measurements. Corneal curvature was converted to power vectors and total power derived using the Gullstrand formula. A paraxial lens power calculation formula and a prediction for the IOL axial position according to the Castrop formula were used to estimate differences in IOLP targeting for emmetropia.
Results
There were no systematic differences between measurements of AL (− 0.0146 ± 0.0286 mm) and LT (0.0383 ± 0.0595 mm), whereas CCT yielded lower (7.8 ± 6.6 µm) and ACD higher (0.1200 ± 0.0531 mm) values with H. With H, CCT was lower for thicker corneas. The mean corneal front surface radius did not differ (− 0.4 ± 41.6 µm), but the corneal back surface yielded a steeper radius (− 397.0 ± 74.6 µm) with H, giving lower mean total power (− 0.3469 ± 0.2689 dpt). The astigmatic vector components in 0°/90° and 45°/135° were the same between both instruments for the front/back surface or total power.
Conclusion
The biometric measures used in standard formulae (AL, corneal front surface curvature/power) are consistent between instruments. However, modern formulae involving ACD, CCT or corneal back surface curvature may yield differences in IOLP, and therefore, formula constant optimisation customised to the biometer type is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Langenbucher
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str 100 Bldg. 22, 66424, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Nóra Szentmáry
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis-University, Mária u. 39, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alan Cayless
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - Peter Hoffmann
- Augen- und Laserklinik Castrop-Rauxel, Castrop-Rauxel, Germany
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Reitblat O, Harel G, Zlatkin R, Bahar I, Sella R. Toric Intraocular Lens Calculations With the Barrett Calculator: A Comparison of the Calculator With and Without the Integrated K Method. J Refract Surg 2022; 38:565-571. [PMID: 36098394 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20220802-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the accuracy of the Barrett Integrated K (IK) toric calculator with the standard Barrett toric calculator. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent cataract extraction with implantation of a toric intraocular lens at the Rabin Medical Center, Israel, were reviewed. Errors in predicted postoperative refractive astigmatism were calculated for the Barrett toric calculator using biometry measurements only and with the IK tool using biometry and tomography. Both methods were assessed with predicted and measured posterior corneal astigmatism (PPCA and MPCA, respectively). RESULTS The study included 73 eyes of 59 patients. The mean centroid prediction error using PPCA (0.08 ± 0.80 D @ 78°) was significantly different compared with MPCA (0.07 ± 0.80 D @ 48°, P = .016). In addition, a significant difference between IK-PPCA (0.06 ± 0.80 D @ 80°) and IK-MPCA (0.05 ± 0.80 D @ 38°) was found (P = .023). The median absolute prediction error ranged from 0.55 D using IK-PPCA to 0.60 D using PPCA, with no significant differences between the four calculation versions. No significant differences were found between the calculators in the predictability rates within ±0.50, ±0.75, and ±1.00 D. Analysis of one eye of each patient showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS The IK calculator yielded comparable outcomes to the standard Barrett calculator. Although differences in the mean centroid errors were found, they were clinically insignificant and predominantly seen in the axis of the predicted astigmatism error. These minor differences were mainly attributed to the incorporation of the MPCA in the calculation. [J Refract Surg. 2022;38(9):565-571.].
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