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Fontaine R, Rahmad Royan M, Henkel C, Hodne K, Ager-Wick E, Weltzien FA. Pituitary multi-hormone cells in mammals and fish: history, origin, and roles. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 67:101018. [PMID: 35870647 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate pituitary is a dynamic organ, capable of adapting its hormone secretion to different physiological demands. In this context, endocrinologists have debated for the past 40 years if endocrine cells are mono- or multi-hormonal. Since its establishment, the dominant "one cell, one hormone" model has been continuously challenged. In mammals, the use of advanced multi-staining approaches, sensitive gene expression techniques, and the analysis of tumor tissues have helped to quickly demonstrate the existence of pituitary multi-hormone cells. In fishes however, only recent advances in imaging and transcriptomics have enabled the identification of such cells. In this review, we first describe the history of the discovery of cells producing multiple hormones in mammals and fishes. We discuss the technical limitations that have led to uncertainties and debates. Then, we present the current knowledge and hypotheses regarding their origin and biological role, which provides a comprehensive review of pituitary plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Muhammad Rahmad Royan
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christiaan Henkel
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Kjetil Hodne
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Eirill Ager-Wick
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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Maeda N, Okumura K, Yamaguchi K, Haeno S, Yasui Y, Kimura N, Ieko T, Miyasho T, Yokota H. Rapid prolactin induction in adult male rats after treatment with diethylstilbestrol. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12769. [PMID: 31283846 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic oestrogen known to disrupt the endocrine system and to cause reproductive toxicity mediated via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; however, its molecular mechanism of action is poorly understood. In the present study, we found that, after only 1 week of exposure to DES, blood testosterone dramatically decreased and that this decrease was associated with a strong induction of prolactin (PRL). Even with the increase in PRL, the luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone mRNAs slightly decreased. Our results show that, after 48 hours of a single dose of DES, there was a six-fold increase in PRL expression. After exploring the upstream mechanisms, we determined that dopamine, which inhibits PRL secretion in male rats, did not decrease in the pituitary gland of DES-treated rats, whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), which mediates the acute release of PRL, was elevated. Serotonin (5-HT) increased in the brain of male rats 24 hours after a single DES treatment; however, PRL, VIP or 5-HT was not induced by DES in female rats. Our results indicate that DES induces the expression of pituitary PRL in male rats by stimulating VIP in the hypothalamus and 5-HT in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Maeda
- Laboratory of Meat Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Safety Research Institute for Chemical Compounds Co., Ltd, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Japan Meat Science and Technology Institute, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Okumura
- Safety Research Institute for Chemical Compounds Co., Ltd, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kousuke Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Haeno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yasui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kimura
- Public Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ieko
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Taku Miyasho
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Responses, Department of Veterinary Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
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In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 151:279-281. [PMID: 30879135 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tun N, Shibata Y, Soe MT, Htun MW, Koji T. Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress transdifferentiation of gonadotrophs to prolactin cells and proliferation of prolactin cells induced by diethylstilbestrol in male mouse pituitary. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 151:291-303. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Song N, Endo D, Song B, Shibata Y, Koji T. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine impairs mouse spermatogenesis at multiple stages through different usage of DNA methyltransferases. Toxicology 2016; 361-362:62-72. [PMID: 27396502 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a progressive process comprising spermatogonial proliferation, spermatocytic meiosis, and later spermiogenesis, which is considered to be under the regulation of epigenetic parameters. To gain insights into the significance of DNA methylation in early spermatogenesis, 5-azadC was used as a molecular biological tool to mimic the level of DNA methylation in vivo. Since the drug is incorporated into DNA during the S-phase, spermatogonia and spermatocytes would be affected primarily in mouse spermatogenesis. Adult male ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with 5-azadC at a dose of 0.25mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days, allowing us to examine its maximum effect on the kinetics of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. In this short-term protocol, 5-azadC induced significant histological abnormalities, such as a marked increase in apoptosis of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, followed by severe loss of spermatids, while after termination of 5-azadC treatment, normal histology was restored in the testis within 35days. Quantification of the methylation level of CCGG sites as well as whole DNA showed spermatogonial hypomethylation, which correlated with increased apoptosis of spermatogonia. Interestingly, the hypomethylated cells were simultaneously positive for tri-methylated histone H3 at K4. On the other hand, no changes in methylation level were found in spermatocytes, but PCNA staining clearly showed disordered accumulation of S-phase spermatocytes, which increased their apoptosis in stage XII. In addition, different immunohistochemical staining pattern was found for DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs); DNMT1was expressed in the majority of all germ cells, but DNMT3a and b were only expressed in spermatogonia. Our results indicate that 5-azadC caused DNA hypomethylation in spermatogonia, but induced prolongation of S-phase in spermatocytes, resulting in the induction of apoptosis in both cases. Thus, 5-azadC affects spermatogenesis at more than one differentiation stage with different mechanisms, probably due to the specific usage of DNMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Song
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Rd., Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Daisuke Endo
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, NO. 1, Xueyuan Rd., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Yasuaki Shibata
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takehiko Koji
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
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Šošić-Jurjević B, Filipović B, Renko K, Miler M, Trifunović S, Ajdžanovič V, Kӧhrle J, Milošević V. Testosterone and estradiol treatments differently affect pituitary-thyroid axis and liver deiodinase 1 activity in orchidectomized middle-aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:85-98. [PMID: 26384168 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that orchidectomy (Orx) of middle-aged rats (15-16-month-old; MA) slightly affected pituitary-thyroid axis, but decreased liver deiodinase (Dio) type 1 and pituitary Dio2 enzyme activities. At present, we examined the effects of subsequent testosterone-propionate treatment (5mg/kg; Orx+T), and compared the effects of testosterone with the effects of estradiol-dipropionate (0.06mg/kg; Orx+E) treatment. Hormones were subcutaneously administered, daily, for three weeks, while Orx and sham-operated (SO) controls received only the vehicle. The applied dose of T did not alter serum TSH, T4 and T3 concentrations in Orx- MA, though it increased TSH when administrated to Orx young adults (2.5-month-old; Orx-YA). However, pituitaries of Orx-MA+T rats had higher relative intensity of immunofluorescence (RIF) for TSHβ; in their thyroids we found increased volume and height of follicular epithelium, decreased volume of the colloid and higher RIF for T4-bound to thyroglobulin (Tg-T4). Liver Dio1 activity was increased. E-treatment did not affect serum hormone levels, pituitary RIF for TSHβ, or liver Dio1 activity in Orx-MA rats. Thyroids had decreased relative volume and height of follicular epithelium, increased relative volume of the colloid, decreased volume of sodium-iodide symporter-immunopositive epithelium and lower RIF for Tg-T4. Detected changes were statistically significant. In conclusion, androgenization enhanced pituitary TSHβ RIF, thyroid activation and liver Dio1 enzyme activity in Orx-MA, without elevating serum TSH as in Orx-YA rats. Estrogenization induced pituitary enlargement with no effect on pituitary TSHβ RIF, serum TSH or liver Dio1 activity. E also induced alterations in thyroid histology that indicate mild suppression of its functioning, and contributed to thyroid blood vessel enlargement in Orx-MA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Šošić-Jurjević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - B Filipović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K Renko
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Miler
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Trifunović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V Ajdžanovič
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Kӧhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - V Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Choijookhuu N, Hino SI, Oo PS, Batmunkh B, Mohmand NA, Kyaw MTH, Hishikawa Y. Ontogenetic changes in the expression of estrogen receptor β in mouse duodenal epithelium. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:499-507. [PMID: 25726500 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen is considered to be involved in duodenal function; however, the details of its receptor expression are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression and localization of estrogen receptors (ERs) in mouse duodenum. Male and female C57BL/6J mouse intestinal tissues were used to investigate the expression of ERα and ERβ by RT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and Southwestern histochemistry. ERβ, but not ERα, was expressed in proximal duodenal epithelium, but not in jejunum and ileum. The expression of ERβ mRNA and protein were confirmed by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. At postnatal day 20, the transit period of suckling to weaning, the distribution of ERβ-positive cells was changed in the crypt-villus axis, and cytoplasm/nuclear staining changed to only nuclear staining. Moreover, Southwestern histochemistry was used to detect estrogen response element (ERE)-binding proteins, and their expression pattern was highly similar to that of ERβ. These results suggested that ERβ is the predominant ER type in mouse small intestine, and the highly similar co-localization of ERE-binding proteins reveals that ERβ is functionally active in mouse duodenum. The ERβ expression changes during postnatal development indicate that ERβ may be involved in the differentiation of duodenal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narantsog Choijookhuu
- Division of Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Hino
- Division of Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Phyu Synn Oo
- Division of Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Baatarsuren Batmunkh
- Division of Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Noor Ali Mohmand
- Division of Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Myat Tin Htwe Kyaw
- Division of Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hishikawa
- Division of Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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Ramadhani D, Tofrizal A, Tsukada T, Yashiro T. Histochemical Analysis of Laminin α Chains in Diethylstilbestrol-Induced Prolactinoma in Rats. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2015; 48:69-73. [PMID: 26019376 PMCID: PMC4427567 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminin, a major basement membrane component, is important in structural support and cell proliferation and differentiation. Its 19 isoforms are assemblies of α, β, and γ chains, and the α chains (α1-5) determine the isoform characteristics. Although our previous studies showed alterations in α chain expressions during anterior pituitary development, their expressions in pituitary tumors yet to be determined. The present study used a rat model of diethylstilbestrol (DES)-induced prolactinoma to examine α chain expressions during prolactinoma tumorigenesis (0–12 weeks of DES treatment) by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. mRNA of α1, α3, and α4 chains was detected in control and after 4 weeks of DES treatment. These expressions were undetectable after 8 weeks of DES treatment and in prolactinoma (12 weeks of DES treatment). Immunohistochemistry showed that the α1 chain was localized in some anterior pituitary cells in control and after 4 weeks of treatment and in endothelial cells after 8 weeks of treatment. The α3 and α4 chains were expressed in endothelial cells, and immunoreactivity and the number of immunopositive cells decreased during DES treatment. These findings suggest that alteration of laminin α chains is related to abnormal cell proliferation and neovascularization during development of DES-induced prolactinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dini Ramadhani
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Alimuddin Tofrizal
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Takehiro Tsukada
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Yashiro
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
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Takekoshi S, Yasui Y, Inomoto C, Kitatani K, Nakamura N, Osamura RY. A Histopathological Study of Multi-hormone Producing Proliferative Lesions in Estrogen-induced Rat Pituitary Prolactinoma. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2014; 47:155-64. [PMID: 25392569 PMCID: PMC4164703 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rats with estrogen-induced prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma (E2-PRLoma) have been employed as an animal model of human PRL-producing pituitary adenoma in a large number of studies. Presently, we found that long-term administration of estrogen to SD rats resulted in the development of E2-PRLomas, some of which included multi-hormone producing nodules. We herein report results of histopathological analyses of these lesions. PRLoma models were created in female SD rats by 22 weeks or longer administration of a controlled-release preparation of estradiol at a dose of 10 mg/kg/2 weeks. Ten of the 11 PRLoma model rats had proliferative nodular lesions composed of large eosinophilic cells like gonadotrophs inside the PRLoma. These lesions were positive for PRL, TSHβ, and α subunits and were negative for GH, LHβ, ACTH, and S-100. Double immunostaining revealed that these large eosinophilic cells showed coexpression of PRL and TSHβ, PRL and α subunits, and TSHβ and α subunits. Those results clarified that long-term estrogen administration to female SD rats induced multi-hormone producing neoplastic pituitary nodules that expressed PRL, TSHβ, and α subunits. We studied these neoplastic nodules obtained by laser microdissection to acquire findings similar to those of the immunohistochemical analysis. We consider that this animal model is useful for pathogenesis analyses and therapeutic agent development concerning human multi-hormone producing pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Takekoshi
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Yuzo Yasui
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Chie Inomoto
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Kanae Kitatani
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine
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Abnormal secretion of reproductive hormones and antioxidant status involved in quinestrol-induced reproductive toxicity in adult male rat. Tissue Cell 2014; 46:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Furukawa K, Matsumoto K, Nagayasu T, Yamamoto-Fukuda T, Tobinaga S, Abo T, Yamasaki N, Tsuchiya T, Miyazaki T, Kamohara R, Nanashima A, Obatake M, Koji T. Intratracheal Administration of Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor Promotes Alveolar Epithelial Cell Proliferation during Compensatory Lung Growth in Rat. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2013; 46:179-85. [PMID: 24610965 PMCID: PMC3929616 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is considered to be one of the most important mitogens for lung epithelial cells. The objectives of this study were to confirm the effectiveness of intratracheal injection of recombinant human KGF (rhKGF) during compensatory lung growth and to optimize the instillation protocol. Here, trilobectomy in adult rat was performed, followed by intratracheal rhKGF instillation with low (0.4 mg/kg) and high (4 mg/kg) doses at various time-points. The proliferation of alveolar cells was assessed by the immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the residual lung. We also investigated other immunohistochemical parameters such as KGF, KGF receptor and surfactant protein A as well as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling. Consequently, intratracheal single injection of rhKGF in high dose group significantly increased PCNA labeling index (LI) of alveolar cells in the remaining lung. Surprisingly, there was no difference in PCNA LI between low and high doses of rhKGF with daily injection, and PCNA LI reached a plateau level with 2 days-consecutive administration (about 60%). Our results indicate that even at low dose, daily intratracheal injection is effective to maintain high proliferative states during the early phase of compensatory lung growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuro Furukawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Keitaro Matsumoto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Tomomi Yamamoto-Fukuda
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Shuichi Tobinaga
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takafumi Abo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Naoya Yamasaki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takuro Miyazaki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Ryotaro Kamohara
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Atsushi Nanashima
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Masayuki Obatake
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takehiko Koji
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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Kajiwara C, Kondo S, Uda S, Dai L, Ichiyanagi T, Chiba T, Ishido S, Koji T, Udono H. Spermatogenesis arrest caused by conditional deletion of Hsp90α in adult mice. Biol Open 2012; 1:977-82. [PMID: 23213375 PMCID: PMC3507171 DOI: 10.1242/bio.2012646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is controversial whether a functional androgen receptor (AR) on germ cells, including spermatogonia, is essential for their development into sperm and, thus, initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis. It was recently shown that many spermatocytes underwent apoptosis in the testes of Hsp90α KO mice. We had generated Hsp90α KO mice independently and confirmed this phenotype. However, the important question of whether Hsp90α is required to maintain spermatogenesis in adult mice in which testicular maturation is already completed could not be addressed using these conventional KO mice. To answer this question, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible deletion mutant of Hsp90α and found that conditional deletion of Hsp90α in adult mice caused even more severe apoptosis in germ cells beyond the pachytene stage, leading to complete arrest of spermatogenesis and testicular atrophy. Importantly, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that AR expression in WT testis was more evident in spermatogonia than in spermatocytes, whereas its expression was aberrant and ectopic in Hsp90α KO testis, raising the possibility that an AR abnormality in primordial germ cells is involved in spermatogenesis arrest in the Hsp90α KO mice. Our results suggest that the AR, specifically chaperoned by Hsp90α in spermatogonia, is critical for maintenance of established spermatogenesis and for survival of spermatocytes in adult testis, in addition to setting the first wave of spermatogenesis before puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Kajiwara
- Laboratories for Immunochaperones, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology (RCAI), RIKEN Yokohama Institute , Yokohama 230-0045 , Japan
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An S, Soe K, Akamatsu M, Hishikawa Y, Koji T. Accelerated proliferation of hepatocytes in rats with iron overload after partial hepatectomy. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 138:773-86. [PMID: 22825839 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although iron overload is implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis, the precise mechanism was not known yet. In the present study, we investigated the effect of iron overload upon the induction of hepatocyte proliferation after 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats fed with rat chow with 3% carbonyl iron for 3 months. In normal-diet rats, the increase in Ki-67 labeling index (LI) commenced at 24 h post-PH and the LIs of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) incorporated 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and phospho-histone H3 reached maximum values at 36 and 48 h after PH, respectively. In iron-overload rats, the above parameters occurred 12 h earlier compared to that of normal-diet rats, shortening the G0-G1 transition. Interestingly, nuclear staining for metallothionein (MT), which is essential for hepatocyte proliferation, was noted even at 0 h in iron-overload rats, while MT expression occurred at 6 h in the normal rats. Moreover, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression, which is an essential early event leading to liver regeneration, was detected in Kupffer cells at 0 h in iron-overload rats. These results may indicate that overloaded iron, maybe through the induction of MT and NF-κB, may keep liver as a state ready to regenerate in response to PH, by bypassing signal transduction cascades involved in the initiation of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucai An
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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14
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Estrogen-dependent regulation of sodium/hydrogen exchanger-3 (NHE3) expression via estrogen receptor β in proximal colon of pregnant mice. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 137:575-87. [PMID: 22358497 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although constipation is very common during pregnancy, the exact mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that the involvement of estrogen receptor (ER) in the regulation of electrolyte transporter in the colon leads to constipation. In this study, the intestines of normal female ICR mouse and pregnant mice were examined for the expression of ERα and ERβ by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. ERβ, but not ERα, was expressed in surface epithelial cells of the proximal, but not distal, colon on pregnancy days 10, 15, and 18, but not day 5, and the number of ERβ-positive cells increased significantly during pregnancy. Expression of NHE3, the gene that harbors estrogen response element, examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, was localized in the surface epithelial cells of the proximal colon and increased in parallel with ERβ expression. In ovariectomized mice, NHE3 expression was only marginal and was up-regulated after treatment with 17β-estradiol (E(2)), but not E(2) + ICI 182,780 (estrogen receptor antagonist). Moreover, knock-down of ERβ expression by electroporetically transfected siRNA resulted in a significant reduction of NHE3 expression. These results indicate that ERβ regulates the expression of NHE3 in the proximal colon of pregnant mice through estrogen action, suggesting the involvement of increased sodium absorption by up-regulated NHE3 in constipation during pregnancy.
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Li G, Ma A, Shi W, Zhong XH. Quercetin protects hamster spermatogenic cells from oxidative damage induced by diethylstilboestrol. Andrologia 2010; 42:285-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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16
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Shirendeb U, Hishikawa Y, Moriyama S, Win N, Minn Myint Thu M, Swe Mar K, Khatanbaatar G, Masuzaki H, Koji T. Human papillomavirus infection and its possible correlation with p63 expression in cervical cancer in Japan, Mongolia, and Myanmar. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2009; 42:181-90. [PMID: 20126571 PMCID: PMC2808501 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.09030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 is the cause of cervical cancer in most countries including Japan, the involvement of cervical cancer with HPV types in Mongolian and Myanmar populations is largely unknown. We examined the expression of HPV in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded cervical tissues from 40 Japanese, 32 Mongolian, and 30 Myanmar cervical cancer patients. We performed immunohistochemistry using anti-HPV16 and anti-HPV 1, 6, 11, 16, 18 and 31 cocktail and then correlated it with the expression of Ki-67 and p63. HPV 16 was detected in 72%, 65% and 50% of Japanese, Mongolian and Myanmar cervical cancer patients, respectively, whereas 5 (13%) of the 40 patients, 8 (25%) of the 32 patients and 7 (23%) of the 30 patients in HPV 16-negative cancers were positive for other HPV types included in the cocktail, respectively. Ki-67 labeling index (LI) as well as p63 LI was significantly higher in HPV 16-positive patients than in HPV 16-negative ones in the Japanese and Mongolian samples. p63 expression was significantly associated with stage III and IV in Japan and Mongolia. These findings suggest that HPV 16 may be associated with cell proliferative activity and tumor progression, possibly depending upon the expression of p63 in the cervical cancer. In addition, immunohistochemical detection for distinguishing the type of HPV may also be useful for cervical cancer in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulziibat Shirendeb
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yoshitaka Hishikawa
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Shingo Moriyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Ne Win
- Department of Health, National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health; Department of Public Health Laboratory, University of Public Health; Department of Medical Science, Ministry of Health
| | | | | | | | - Hideaki Masuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takehiko Koji
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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17
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Matsumoto K, Nagayasu T, Hishikawa Y, Tagawa T, Yamayoshi T, Abo T, Tobinaga S, Furukawa K, Koji T. Keratinocyte growth factor accelerates compensatory growth in the remaining lung after trilobectomy in rats. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 137:1499-507. [PMID: 19464471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In rats pulmonary resection is followed by lung compensatory growth. However, the molecular mechanism underlying lung compensatory growth remains unclear. Keratinocyte growth factor is expressed in lung tissue and is considered a possible mitogen for lung epithelial cells. The objectives of this study were to define the role of keratinocyte growth factor and its receptor in rat lung compensatory growth after trilobectomy and the effect of exogenous keratinocyte growth factor gene transfection. METHODS Adult Lewis rats were used. Right trilobectomy was performed in the operation group and sham thoracotomy in the sham group. In the operation group, keratinocyte growth factor-FLAG or FLAG expression vector was transfected directly into the lung by means of electroporation. Expression of keratinocyte growth factor and its receptor and alveolar cell proliferation index based on proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels were measured in the right lung at day 14 after the operation. RESULTS Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, keratinocyte growth factor, and keratinocyte growth factor receptor expression in lung epithelial cells was significantly increased at day 4 after trilobectomy. Transfection of keratinocyte growth factor-FLAG expression vector resulted in further significant enhancement of proliferating cell nuclear antigen at day 4 after trilobectomy; however, the transfection of FLAG expression vector did not alter the enhancement of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Exogenous expression of keratinocyte growth factor in the remaining lung by means of electroporation significantly augmented epithelial proliferation and decreased the average airspace distance (mean linear intercept). CONCLUSION Our results implicate keratinocyte growth factor in the induction of alveolar epithelial cell proliferation for compensatory lung growth and indicate that overexpression of keratinocyte growth factor in the remaining lung by means of electroporation significantly augmented lung epithelial proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Matsumoto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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18
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ROAN CHERNGJAU, HUANG CHORNGCHIH, CHENG HEHSIUNG, CHIEN JAUMIN, CHOU CHIANGTING, LIN KOLONG, LIU SHIUHINN, LU YIHCHAU, CHANG HONGTAI, HUANG JONGKHING, JAN CHUNGREN. Diethylstilbestrol-Induced Estrogen Receptor-Dependent [Ca2+]iRises and Apoptosis in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2008; 28:307-22. [DOI: 10.1080/10799890802092237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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In situ detection of methylated DNA by histo endonuclease-linked detection of methylated DNA sites: a new principle of analysis of DNA methylation. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 130:917-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Johnson MD, Fan X, Bourne P, Walters D. Neuronal differentiation and expression of neural epitopes in pituitary adenomas. J Histochem Cytochem 2007; 55:1265-71. [PMID: 17875653 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.7a7311.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural transdifferentiation is increasingly recognized in neural crest and neural stem cell tumors. Neuronal differentiation has been anecdotally described primarily in somatotroph cell adenomas associated with acromegaly, but its prevalence in adenomas and relationship to adenoma type has not been completely established. In this study we performed a retrospective morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of neurofilament, phosphoneurofilament, Neu-N, class III tubulin, and Hu in WHO grade I pituitary adenomas. Limited numbers of cells with neuronal features and neuron-associated epitopes may be more common in pituitary adenomas than previously recognized. These may occur in many forms of adenomas including somatotroph, lactotroph, mixed somatotroph and lactotroph, null cell/gonadotroph cell and, rarely, corticotroph cell adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlon D Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 626, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
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Yokoyama K, Mogi C, Miura K, Kuroda K, Inoue K. Somatotropes maintain their immature cells through Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Endocr Pathol 2007; 18:174-81. [PMID: 18058266 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-007-0016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A pituitary tumor is considered to be composed of a heterogeneous population of hormone-producing endocrine cells, folliculo-stellate (FS) cells, and potential hormone-inactive progenitor cells to maintain a microenvironment such as that in angiogenesis for tumor development cooperatively. However, the system that maintains such a heterogeneous cell population has not been clarified yet. In the present study, we examined the mechanism for maintaining a heterogeneous cell population using two rat cell lines, MtT/S and MtT/E cells, which are known growth hormone (GH)-producing cells, and their progenitor cells, respectively. We found that conditioned medium of MtT/S cells could stimulate the growth of MtT/E cells. In addition, GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) stimulated the growth of MtT/E cells. The messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of receptors for IGF-I and GH were expressed in the MtT/E cells. Moreover, IGF-I receptor inhibitor AG1024 could abolish the growth stimulatory activity in the conditioned medium of MtT/S cells. Therefore, we concluded that somatotropes (MtT/S) maintain their progenitor cells (MtT/E) through the GH-IGF-I signaling and IGF-I directly, which might be involved in the maintenance of progenitors of GH-producing cells and might contribute to pituitary tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
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Taatjes DJ, Zuber C, Roth J. The histochemistry and cell biology vade mecum: a review of 2005–2006. Histochem Cell Biol 2006; 126:743-88. [PMID: 17149649 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-006-0253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The procurement of new knowledge and understanding in the ever expanding discipline of cell biology continues to advance at a breakneck pace. The progress in discerning the physiology of cells and tissues in health and disease has been driven to a large extent by the continued development of new probes and imaging techniques. The recent introduction of semi-conductor quantum dots as stable, specific markers for both fluorescence light microscopy and electron microscopy, as well as a virtual treasure-trove of new fluorescent proteins, has in conjunction with newly introduced spectral imaging systems, opened vistas into the seemingly unlimited possibilities for experimental design. Although it oftentimes proves difficult to predict what the future will hold with respect to advances in disciplines such as cell biology and histochemistry, it is facile to look back on what has already occurred. In this spirit, this review will highlight some advancements made in these areas in the past 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology, Microscopy Imaging Center, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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