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BoYe, Bradshaw AD, Abrahante JE, Dragon JA, Häußler TN, Bell SP, Hirashima F, LeWinter M, Zile MR, Meyer M. Left Ventricular Gene Expression in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction-Profibrotic and Proinflammatory Pathways and Genes. Circ Heart Fail 2023; 16:e010395. [PMID: 37582166 PMCID: PMC10430768 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.010395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly prevalent and has few treatments. The molecular mechanisms and resultant signaling pathways that underlie the development of HFpEF are poorly defined. It has been proposed that activation of proinflammatory pathways plays a role in the development of cardiac fibrosis. The signature of gene expression (transcriptome) of previously validated left ventricular biopsies obtained from patients with HFpEF and matched referent controls allows for an unbiased assessment of proinflammatory and profibrotic signaling pathways and genes. METHODS Epicardial left ventricular biopsies from stringently selected HFpEF patients (HFpEF, n=16) and referent control patients (CTR, n=14) were obtained during aortocoronary bypass surgery. The subepicardial myocardium was flash-frozen to build a repository that was parallel-processed for RNA sequencing to allow for an unsupervised in-depth comparison of the left ventricular transcriptome. RESULTS The average patient age was 67±10 years. When compared with controls, patients with HFpEF were hypertensive with a higher body mass index (kg/m2: 30±5 versus 37±6; P<0.01) and elevated NT-proBNP levels (pg/mL: 155 [89-328] versus 1554 [888-2178]; P<0.001). The transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of 477 genes many of which were involved in profibrotic pathways including extracellular matrix production and posttranslational modification but no proinflammatory signature. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptome analysis of left ventricular myocardial samples from patients with HFpEF confirms an overabundant extracellular matrix gene expression, the basis of myocardial fibrosis, without a signature of activated proinflammatory pathways or genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- BoYe
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Genomics Center of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Medical University of South Carolina, RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Juan E. Abrahante
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Genomics Center of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julie A. Dragon
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Vermont Integrative Genomics Resource, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tim N. Häußler
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Vermont Integrative Genomics Resource, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Stephen P. Bell
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Vermont Integrative Genomics Resource, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Fuyuki Hirashima
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Vermont Integrative Genomics Resource, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Martin LeWinter
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Vermont Integrative Genomics Resource, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Michael R. Zile
- Medical University of South Carolina, RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Markus Meyer
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Genomics Center of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Vermont Integrative Genomics Resource, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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2
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Aftermath of AGE-RAGE Cascade in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular ailments. Life Sci 2022; 307:120860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Decreased expression of ErbB2 on left ventricular epicardial cells in patients with diabetes mellitus. Cell Signal 2022; 96:110360. [PMID: 35609807 PMCID: PMC9671200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the cell surface expression of ErbB receptors on left ventricular (LV) epicardial endothelial cells and CD105+ cells obtained from cardiac biopsies of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). Endothelial cells and CD105+ non-endothelial cells were freshly isolated from LV epicardial biopsies obtained from 15 subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 8 controls. The expression of ErbB receptors was examined using flow cytometry. We found that diabetes mellitus (DM) and high levels of hemoglobin A1C are associated with reduced expression of ErbB2. To determine if the expression of ErbB2 receptors is regulated by glucose levels, we examined the effect of high Glucose in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and CD105+ non-endothelial cells, using a novel flow cytometric approach to simultaneously determine the total level, cell surface expression, and phosphorylation of ErbB2. Incubation of cells in the presence of 25 mM d-glucose resulted in decreased cell surface but not total levels of ErbB2. The level of ErbB2 at the cell surface is controlled by disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) that is expressed on LV epicardial cells. Inhibition of ADAM10 prevented the high glucose-dependent decrease in the cell surface expression of ErbB2. We suggest that high Glucose depresses ErbB receptor signaling in endothelial cells and cardiac progenitor cells via the promotion of ADAM10-dependent cleavage of ErbB2 at the cell surface, thus contributing to vascular dysfunction and adverse remodeling seen in diabetic patients.
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Salvatore T, Pafundi PC, Galiero R, Albanese G, Di Martino A, Caturano A, Vetrano E, Rinaldi L, Sasso FC. The Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Contributing Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:695792. [PMID: 34277669 PMCID: PMC8279779 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.695792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) disclose a higher incidence and a poorer prognosis of heart failure (HF) than non-diabetic people, even in the absence of other HF risk factors. The adverse impact of diabetes on HF likely reflects an underlying “diabetic cardiomyopathy” (DM–CMP), which may by exacerbated by left ventricular hypertrophy and coronary artery disease (CAD). The pathogenesis of DM-CMP has been a hot topic of research since its first description and is still under active investigation, as a complex interplay among multiple mechanisms may play a role at systemic, myocardial, and cellular/molecular levels. Among these, metabolic abnormalities such as lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, oxidative stress, abnormal calcium signaling, inflammation, epigenetic factors, and others. These disturbances predispose the diabetic heart to extracellular remodeling and hypertrophy, thus leading to left ventricular diastolic and systolic dysfunction. This Review aims to outline the major pathophysiological changes and the underlying mechanisms leading to myocardial remodeling and cardiac functional derangement in DM-CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Albanese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Martino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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5
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Endothelial Dysfunction: A Contributor to Adverse Cardiovascular Remodeling and Heart Failure Development in Type 2 Diabetes beyond Accelerated Atherogenesis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072090. [PMID: 32635218 PMCID: PMC7408687 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, associated with depressed nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, is awell-recognized contributor to both accelerated atherogenesis and microvascular complications intype 2 diabetes (DM). However, growing evidence points to the comorbidities-driven endothelialdysfunction within coronary microvessels as a key player responsible for left ventricular (LV)diastolic dysfunction, restrictive LV remodeling and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF), the most common form of heart failure in DM. In this review we have described: (1)multiple cellular pathways which may link depressed NO bioavailability to LV diastolicdysfunction and hypertrophy; (2) hemodynamic consequences and prognostic effects of restrictiveLV remodeling and combined diastolic and mild systolic LV dysfunction on cardiovascularoutcomes in DM and HFpEF, with a focus on the clinical relevance of endothelial dysfunction; (3)novel therapeutic strategies to improve endothelial function in DM. In summary, beyondassociations with accelerated atherogenesis and microvascular complications, endothelialdysfunction supplements the multiple interwoven pathways affecting cardiomyocytes, endothelialcells and the extracellular matrix with consequent LV dysfunction in DM patients. The associationamongst impaired endothelial function, reduced coronary flow reserve, combined LV diastolic anddiscrete systolic dysfunction, and low LV stroke volume and preload reserve-all of which areadverse outcome predictors-is a dangerous constellation of inter-related abnormalities, underlyingthe development of heart failure. Nevertheless, the relevance of endothelial effects of novel drugsin terms of their ability to attenuate cardiovascular remodeling and delay heart failure onset in DMpatients remains to be investigated.
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6
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Paulus WJ, Dal Canto E. Distinct Myocardial Targets for Diabetes Therapy in Heart Failure With Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2019; 6:1-7. [PMID: 29284577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Noncardiac comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM) have different outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) compared with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). These different outcomes are the result of distinct myocardial effects of DM on HFpEF and HFrEF, which relate to different mechanisms driving myocardial remodeling in each heart failure phenotype. Myocardial remodeling is driven by microvascular endothelial inflammation in HFpEF and by cardiomyocyte cell death in HFrEF. Evidence consists of: different biomarker profiles, in which inflammatory markers are prominent in HFpEF and markers of myocardial injury or wall stress are prominent in HFrEF; reduced coronary flow reserve with microvascular rarefaction in HFpEF; and upregulation of free radical-producing enzymes in endothelial cells in HFpEF and in cardiomyocytes in HFrEF. As biopsies from patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy reveal, DM affects failing myocardium by phenotype-specific mechanisms. In HFpEF, DM mainly increases cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and stiffness, probably because of hyperinsulinemia and microvascular endothelial inflammation. In HFrEF, DM augments replacement fibrosis because of cardiomyocyte cell death induced by lipotoxicity or advanced glycation end products. Because DM exerts distinct effects on myocardial remodeling in HFpEF and HFrEF, the heart failure phenotype is important for DM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Paulus
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Elisa Dal Canto
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Deluyker D, Evens L, Beliën H, Bito V. Acute exposure to glycated proteins reduces cardiomyocyte contractile capacity. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:997-1003. [PMID: 30997698 DOI: 10.1113/ep087127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does acute exposure to high molecular weight advanced glycation end products (HMW-AGEs) alter cardiomyocyte contractile function? What is the main finding and its importance? Ventricular cardiomyocytes display reduced Ca2+ influx, resulting in reduced contractile capacity, after acute exposure to HMW-AGEs, independent of activation of their receptor. Given that HMW-AGEs are abundantly present in our Western diet, a better understanding of underlying mechanisms, especially in patients already displaying altered cardiac function, should be gained for these compounds. ABSTRACT Sustained elevated levels of high molecular weight advanced glycation end products (HMW-AGEs) are known to promote cardiac dysfunction. Recent data suggest that acutely elevated levels of AGEs occur in situations of increased oxidative stress. Whether this increase might have detrimental effects on cardiac function remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether acute exposure to HMW-AGEs affects cardiomyocyte function via activation of their receptor (RAGE) signalling pathway. Single cardiomyocytes from the left ventricle of adult male rats were obtained by enzymatic dissociation through retrograde perfusion of the aorta. Functional experiments were performed in cardiomyocytes pre-incubated with or without an anti-RAGE antibody. Unloaded cell shortening and L-type Ca2+ current amplitude were evaluated in the presence or absence of HMW-AGEs (200 μg ml-1 ). Expression of RAGE, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphorylated JNK (pJNK) were assessed by western blot. Experiments were performed at room temperature. After 4 min application of HMW-AGEs, unloaded cell shortening was significantly reduced. This impaired contractile function was related to reduced Ca2+ influx. These alterations were also observed in cardiomyocytes pre-incubated with anti-RAGE antibody. Our study demonstrates that acute exposure to elevated levels of HMW-AGEs leads to direct and irreversible cardiomyocyte dysfunction, independent of RAGE activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Deluyker
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lize Evens
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hanne Beliën
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Virginie Bito
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Quinaglia T, Oliveira DC, Matos-Souza JR, Sposito AC. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: factual or factoid? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 65:61-69. [PMID: 30758422 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although long ago described, there is no established consensus regarding the real existence of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (CMPDM). Due to its complex pathophysiology, it has been difficult for clinical and experimental research to establish clear connections between diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF), as well as to solve the mechanisms of the underlying myocardial disease. However, the epidemiological evidence of the relationship of these conditions is undisputed. The interest in understanding this disease has intensified due to the recent results of clinical trials evaluating new glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose transporter inhibitors 2, which demonstrated favorable responses considering the prevention and treatment of HF in patients with DM. In this review we cover aspects of the epidemiology of CMPDM and its possible pathogenic mechanisms, as well as, present the main cardiac phenotypes of CMPDM (HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction) and implications of the therapeutic management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Quinaglia
- Subject of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniela C Oliveira
- Subject of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - José Roberto Matos-Souza
- Subject of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Andrei C Sposito
- Subject of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences - State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil
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9
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Onal EM, Afsar B, Covic A, Vaziri ND, Kanbay M. Gut microbiota and inflammation in chronic kidney disease and their roles in the development of cardiovascular disease. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:123-140. [PMID: 30504819 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The health and proper functioning of the cardiovascular and renal systems largely depend on crosstalk in the gut-kidney-heart/vessel triangle. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota has an integral function in this crosstalk. Mounting evidence indicates that the development of chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases follows chronic inflammatory processes that are affected by the gut microbiota via various immune, metabolic, endocrine, and neurologic pathways. Additionally, deterioration of the function of the cardiovascular and renal systems has been reported to disrupt the original gut microbiota composition, further contributing to the advancement of chronic cardiovascular and renal diseases. Considering the interaction between the gut microbiota and the renal and cardiovascular systems, we can infer that interventions for the gut microbiota through diet and possibly some medications can prevent/stop the vicious cycle between the gut microbiota and the cardiovascular/renal systems, leading to a decrease in chronic cardiovascular and renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine M Onal
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Afsar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, 'C.I. PARHON' University Hospital, and 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Schools of Medicine and Biological Science, University of California, California, CA, USA
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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10
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LeWinter MM, Taatjes D, Ashikaga T, Palmer B, Bishop N, VanBuren P, Bell S, Donaldson C, Meyer M, Margulies KB, Redfield M, Bull DA, Zile M. Abundance, localization, and functional correlates of the advanced glycation end-product carboxymethyl lysine in human myocardium. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/20/e13462. [PMID: 29066596 PMCID: PMC5661230 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) play a role in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) and possibly hypertension (HTN). In experimental DM, AGEs accumulate in myocardium. Little is known about AGEs in human myocardium. We quantified abundance, localization, and functional correlates of the AGE carboxymethyl lysine (CML) in left ventricular (LV) myocardium from patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting (CBG). Immunoelectron microscopy was used to quantify CML in epicardial biopsies from 98 patients (71 M, 27 F) with HTN, HTN + DM or neither (controls), all with normal LV ejection fraction. Myofilament contraction‐relaxation function was measured in demembranated myocardial strips. Echocardiography was used to quantify LV structure and function. We found that CML was abundant within cardiomyocytes, but minimally associated with extracellular collagen. CML counts/μm2 were 14.7% higher in mitochondria than the rest of the cytoplasm (P < 0.001). There were no significant sex or diagnostic group differences in CML counts [controls 45.6 ± 3.6/μm2 (±SEM), HTN 45.8 ± 3.6/μm2, HTN + DM 49.3 ± 6.2/μm2; P = 0.85] and no significant correlations between CML counts and age, HgbA1c or myofilament function indexes. However, left atrial volume was significantly correlated with CML counts (r = 0.41, P = 0.004). We conclude that in CBG patients CML is abundant within cardiomyocytes but minimally associated with collagen, suggesting that AGEs do not directly modify the stiffness of myocardial collagen. Coexistent HTN or HTN + DM do not significantly influence CML abundance. The correlation of CML counts with LAV suggests an influence on diastolic function independent of HTN, DM or sex whose mechanism remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M LeWinter
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont .,NHLBI Heart Failure Research Network, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Douglas Taatjes
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Takamaru Ashikaga
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Bradley Palmer
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Nicole Bishop
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Peter VanBuren
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,NHLBI Heart Failure Research Network, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen Bell
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Cameron Donaldson
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Markus Meyer
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | | | - David A Bull
- NHLBI Heart Failure Research Network, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Zile
- Cardiology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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11
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Ryzhov S, Robich MP, Roberts DJ, Favreau-Lessard AJ, Peterson SM, Jachimowicz E, Rath R, Vary CPH, Quinn R, Kramer RS, Sawyer DB. ErbB2 promotes endothelial phenotype of human left ventricular epicardial highly proliferative cells (eHiPC). J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 115:39-50. [PMID: 29291395 PMCID: PMC5926239 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adult human heart contains a subpopulation of highly proliferative cells. The role of ErbB receptors in these cells has not been studied. From human left ventricular (LV) epicardial biopsies, we isolated highly proliferative cells (eHiPC) to characterize the cell surface expression and function of ErbB receptors in the regulation of cell proliferation and phenotype. We found that human LV eHiPC express all four ErbB receptor subtypes. However, the expression of ErbB receptors varied widely among eHiPC isolated from different subjects. eHiPC with higher cell surface expression of ErbB2 reproduced the phenotype of endothelial cells and were characterized by endothelial cell-like functional properties. We also found that EGF/ErbB1 induces VEGFR2 expression, while ligands for both ErbB1 and ErbB3/4 induce expression of Tie2. The number of CD31posCD45neg endothelial cells is higher in LV biopsies from subjects with high ErbB2 (ErbB2high) eHiPC compared to low ErbB2 (ErbB2low) eHiPC. These findings have important implications for potential strategies to increase the efficacy of cell-based revascularization of the injured heart, through promotion of an endothelial phenotype in cardiac highly proliferative cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ryzhov
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Michael P Robich
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States; Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Daniel J Roberts
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States; Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
| | | | - Sarah M Peterson
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | | | - Rutwik Rath
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Reed Quinn
- Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States
| | | | - Douglas B Sawyer
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States; Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States.
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12
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Runte KE, Bell SP, Selby DE, Häußler TN, Ashikaga T, LeWinter MM, Palmer BM, Meyer M. Relaxation and the Role of Calcium in Isolated Contracting Myocardium From Patients With Hypertensive Heart Disease and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circ Heart Fail 2017; 10:CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004311. [PMID: 28784688 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.117.004311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relaxation characteristics and Ca2+ homeostasis have not been studied in isolated myocardium from patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Prolonged myocardial relaxation is believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of these conditions. In this study, we evaluated relaxation parameters, myocardial calcium (Ca2+), and sodium (Na+) handling, as well as ion transporter expression and tested the effect of Na+-influx inhibitors on relaxation in isolated myocardium from patients with HHD and HFpEF. METHODS AND RESULTS Relaxation characteristics were studied in myocardial strip preparations under physiological conditions at stimulation rates of 60 and 180 per minute. Intracellular Ca2+ and Na+ were simultaneously assessed using Fura-2 and AsanteNATRIUMGreen-2, whereas elemental analysis was used to measure total myocardial concentrations of Ca, Na, and other elements. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure expression levels of key ion transport proteins. The lusitropic effect of Na+-influx inhibitors ranolazine, furosemide, and amiloride was evaluated. Myocardial left ventricular biopsies were obtained from 36 control patients, 29 HHD and 19 HHD+HFpEF. When compared with control patients, half maximal relaxation time (RT50) at 60 per minute was prolonged by 13% in HHD and by 18% in HHD+HFpEF (both P<0.05). Elevated resting Ca2+ levels and a tachycardia-induced increase in diastolic Ca2+ were associated with incomplete relaxation and an increase in diastolic tension in HHD and HHD+HFpEF. Na+ levels were not increased, and expression levels of Ca2+- or Na+-handling proteins were not altered. Na+-influx inhibitors did not improve relaxation or prevent incomplete relaxation at high stimulation rates. CONCLUSIONS Contraction and relaxation are prolonged in isolated myocardium from patients with HHD and HHD+HFpEF. This leads to incomplete relaxation at higher rates. Elevated calcium levels in HFpEF are neither a result of an impaired Na+ gradient nor expression changes in key ion transporters and regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Elisabeth Runte
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.E.R., S.P.B., D.E.S., T.N.H., M.M.L., M.M.), Biostatistics Unit (T.A.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.M.L., B.M.P.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Stephen P Bell
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.E.R., S.P.B., D.E.S., T.N.H., M.M.L., M.M.), Biostatistics Unit (T.A.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.M.L., B.M.P.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Donald E Selby
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.E.R., S.P.B., D.E.S., T.N.H., M.M.L., M.M.), Biostatistics Unit (T.A.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.M.L., B.M.P.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Tim N Häußler
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.E.R., S.P.B., D.E.S., T.N.H., M.M.L., M.M.), Biostatistics Unit (T.A.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.M.L., B.M.P.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Takamuru Ashikaga
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.E.R., S.P.B., D.E.S., T.N.H., M.M.L., M.M.), Biostatistics Unit (T.A.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.M.L., B.M.P.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Martin M LeWinter
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.E.R., S.P.B., D.E.S., T.N.H., M.M.L., M.M.), Biostatistics Unit (T.A.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.M.L., B.M.P.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Bradley M Palmer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.E.R., S.P.B., D.E.S., T.N.H., M.M.L., M.M.), Biostatistics Unit (T.A.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.M.L., B.M.P.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Markus Meyer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (K.E.R., S.P.B., D.E.S., T.N.H., M.M.L., M.M.), Biostatistics Unit (T.A.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.M.L., B.M.P.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington.
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Kidney, heart and brain: three organs targeted by ageing and glycation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1069-1092. [PMID: 28515343 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) is the generic term for a heterogeneous group of derivatives arising from a non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins. In recent years, evidence has accumulated that incriminates AGEs in pathogenic processes associated with both chronic hyperglycaemia and age-related diseases. Regardless of their exogenous or endogenous origin, the accumulation of AGEs and their derivatives could promote accelerated ageing by leading to protein modifications and activating several inflammatory signalling pathways via AGE-specific receptors. However, it remains to be demonstrated whether preventing the accumulation of AGEs and their effects is an important therapeutic option for successful ageing. The present review gives an overview of the current knowledge on the pathogenic role of AGEs by focusing on three AGE target organs: kidney, heart and brain. For each of these organs we concentrate on an age-related disease, each of which is a major public health issue: chronic kidney disease, heart dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. Even though strong connections have been highlighted between glycation and age-related pathogenesis, causal links still need to be validated. In each case, we report evidence and uncertainties suggested by animal or epidemiological studies on the possible link between pathogenesis and glycation in a chronic hyperglycaemic state, in the absence of diabetes, and with exogenous AGEs alone. Finally, we present some promising anti-AGE strategies that are currently being studied.
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Deluyker D, Evens L, Bito V. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and cardiovascular dysfunction: focus on high molecular weight AGEs. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1535-1541. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Diacylglycerol kinase ε localizes to subsurface cisterns of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:441-458. [PMID: 28191598 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Following activation of Gq protein-coupled receptors, phospholipase C yields a pair of second messengers: diacylglycerol (DG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates DG to produce phosphatidic acid, another second messenger. Of the DGK family, DGKε is the only DGK isoform that exhibits substrate specificity for DG with an arachidonoyl acyl chain at the sn-2 position. Recently, we demonstrated that hydrophobic residues in the N-terminus of DGKε play an important role in targeting the endoplasmic reticulum in transfected cells. However, its cellular expression and subcellular localization in the brain remain elusive. In the present study, we investigate this issue using specific DGKε antibody. DGKε was richly expressed in principal neurons of higher brain regions, including pyramidal cells in the hippocampus and neocortex, medium spiny neurons in the striatum and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. In Purkinje cells, DGKε was localized to the subsurface cisterns and colocalized with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-1 in dendrites and axons. In dendrites of Purkinje cells, DGKε was also distributed in close apposition to DG lipase-α, which catalyzes arachidonoyl-DG to produce 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, a major endocannabinoid in the brain. Behaviorally, DGKε-knockout mice exhibited hyper-locomotive activities and impaired motor coordination and learning. These findings suggest that DGKε plays an important role in neuronal and brain functions through its distinct neuronal expression and subcellular localization and also through coordinated arrangement with other molecules involving the phosphoinositide signaling pathway.
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Linssen PB, Henry RM, Schalkwijk CG, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Stehouwer CDA. Serum advanced glycation endproducts are associated with left ventricular dysfunction in normal glucose metabolism but not in type 2 diabetes: The Hoorn Study. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2016; 13:278-85. [PMID: 27190078 DOI: 10.1177/1479164116640680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether serum advanced glycation endproducts are associated with left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in participants with normal glucose metabolism, impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Participants from a cross-sectional, population-based study (n = 280 with normal glucose metabolism, n = 171 with impaired glucose metabolism, n = 242 with type 2 diabetes mellitus) underwent echocardiography. Serum protein-bound advanced glycation endproducts [i.e. Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine, pentosidine and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine] were measured. Linear regression analyses were used and stratified according to glucose metabolism status. RESULTS In normal glucose metabolism, higher Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine and pentosidine levels were associated with worse diastolic function (left atrial volume index and left atrial volume × left ventricular mass index product term) and higher Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine levels with worse systolic function (ejection fraction). In impaired glucose metabolism, a similar pattern emerged, though less consistent. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, these associations were non-existent for diastolic function or even reversed for systolic function. CONCLUSION This suggests that serum advanced glycation endproducts are associated with impaired left ventricular function in normal glucose metabolism, but that with deteriorating glucose metabolism status, serum advanced glycation endproducts may not mirror heart failure risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bc Linssen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Ma Henry
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Dekker
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Nijpels
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen DA Stehouwer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Neviere R, Yu Y, Wang L, Tessier F, Boulanger E. Implication of advanced glycation end products (Ages) and their receptor (Rage) on myocardial contractile and mitochondrial functions. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:607-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Deluyker D, Ferferieva V, Noben JP, Swennen Q, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I, Rigo JM, Bito V. Cross-linking versus RAGE: How do high molecular weight advanced glycation products induce cardiac dysfunction? Int J Cardiol 2016; 210:100-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Seferović PM, Paulus WJ. Clinical diabetic cardiomyopathy: a two-faced disease with restrictive and dilated phenotypes. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:1718-27, 1727a-1727c. [PMID: 25888006 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus-related cardiomyopathy (DMCMP) was originally described as a dilated phenotype with eccentric left ventricular (LV) remodelling and systolic LV dysfunction. Recently however, clinical studies on DMCMP mainly describe a restrictive phenotype with concentric LV remodelling and diastolic LV dysfunction. Both phenotypes are not successive stages of DMCMP but evolve independently to respectively heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFPEF) or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFREF). Phenotype-specific pathophysiological mechanisms were recently proposed for LV remodelling and dysfunction in HFPEF and HFREF consisting of coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction in HFPEF and cardiomyocyte cell death in HFREF. A similar preferential involvement of endothelial or cardiomyocyte cell compartments explains DMCMP development into distinct restrictive/HFPEF or dilated/HFREF phenotypes. Diabetes mellitus (DM)-related metabolic derangements such as hyperglycaemia, lipotoxicity, and hyperinsulinaemia favour development of DMCMP with restrictive/HFPEF phenotype, which is more prevalent in obese type 2 DM patients. In contrast, autoimmunity predisposes to a dilated/HFREF phenotype, which manifests itself more in autoimmune-prone type 1 DM patients. Finally, coronary microvascular rarefaction and advanced glycation end-products deposition are relevant to both phenotypes. Diagnosis of DMCMP requires impaired glucose metabolism and exclusion of coronary, valvular, hypertensive, or congenital heart disease and of viral, toxic, familial, or infiltrative cardiomyopathy. In addition, diagnosis of DMCMP with restrictive/HFPEF phenotype requires normal systolic LV function and diastolic LV dysfunction, whereas diagnosis of DMCMP with dilated/HFREF phenotype requires systolic LV dysfunction. Treatment of DMCMP with restrictive/HFPEF phenotype is limited to diuretics and lifestyle modification, whereas DMCMP with dilated/HFREF phenotype is treated in accordance to HF guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter J Paulus
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research VU (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zile MR, Baicu CF, Ikonomidis JS, Stroud RE, Nietert PJ, Bradshaw AD, Slater R, Palmer BM, Van Buren P, Meyer M, Redfield MM, Bull DA, Granzier HL, LeWinter MM. Myocardial stiffness in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: contributions of collagen and titin. Circulation 2015; 131:1247-59. [PMID: 25637629 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.013215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have an increase in passive myocardial stiffness and the extent to which discovered changes depend on changes in extracellular matrix fibrillar collagen and cardiomyocyte titin. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting underwent an echocardiogram, plasma biomarker determination, and intraoperative left ventricular epicardial anterior wall biopsy. Patients were divided into 3 groups: referent control (n=17, no hypertension or diabetes mellitus), hypertension (HTN) without (-) HFpEF (n=31), and HTN with (+) HFpEF (n=22). One or more of the following studies were performed on the biopsies: passive stiffness measurements to determine total, collagen-dependent and titin-dependent stiffness (differential extraction assay), collagen assays (biochemistry or histology), or titin isoform and phosphorylation assays. In comparison with controls, patients with HTN(-)HFpEF had no change in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, myocardial passive stiffness, collagen, or titin phosphorylation but had an increase in biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, soluble ST2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1). In comparison with both control and HTN(-)HFpEF, patients with HTN(+)HFpEF had increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left atrial volume, N-terminal propeptide of brain natriuretic peptide, total, collagen-dependent, and titin-dependent stiffness, insoluble collagen, increased titin phosphorylation on PEVK S11878(S26), reduced phosphorylation on N2B S4185(S469), and increased biomarkers of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension in the absence of HFpEF did not alter passive myocardial stiffness. Patients with HTN(+)HFpEF had a significant increase in passive myocardial stiffness; collagen-dependent and titin-dependent stiffness were increased. These data suggest that the development of HFpEF depends on changes in both collagen and titin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Zile
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (M.R.Z., C.F.B., A.D.B.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.S.I., R.E.S.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (P.J.N.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (R.S., H.L.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M., M.M.L.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M.L.W.); Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City (D.A.B.).
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (M.R.Z., C.F.B., A.D.B.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.S.I., R.E.S.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (P.J.N.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (R.S., H.L.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M., M.M.L.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M.L.W.); Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City (D.A.B.)
| | - John S Ikonomidis
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (M.R.Z., C.F.B., A.D.B.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.S.I., R.E.S.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (P.J.N.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (R.S., H.L.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M., M.M.L.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M.L.W.); Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City (D.A.B.)
| | - Robert E Stroud
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (M.R.Z., C.F.B., A.D.B.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.S.I., R.E.S.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (P.J.N.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (R.S., H.L.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M., M.M.L.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M.L.W.); Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City (D.A.B.)
| | - Paul J Nietert
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (M.R.Z., C.F.B., A.D.B.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.S.I., R.E.S.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (P.J.N.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (R.S., H.L.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M., M.M.L.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M.L.W.); Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City (D.A.B.)
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (M.R.Z., C.F.B., A.D.B.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.S.I., R.E.S.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (P.J.N.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (R.S., H.L.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M., M.M.L.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M.L.W.); Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City (D.A.B.)
| | - Rebecca Slater
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (M.R.Z., C.F.B., A.D.B.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.S.I., R.E.S.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (P.J.N.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (R.S., H.L.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M., M.M.L.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M.L.W.); Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City (D.A.B.)
| | - Bradley M Palmer
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (M.R.Z., C.F.B., A.D.B.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.S.I., R.E.S.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (P.J.N.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (R.S., H.L.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M., M.M.L.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M.L.W.); Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City (D.A.B.)
| | - Peter Van Buren
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (M.R.Z., C.F.B., A.D.B.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.S.I., R.E.S.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (P.J.N.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (R.S., H.L.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M., M.M.L.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M.L.W.); Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City (D.A.B.)
| | - Markus Meyer
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (M.R.Z., C.F.B., A.D.B.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.S.I., R.E.S.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (P.J.N.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (R.S., H.L.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M., M.M.L.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M.L.W.); Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City (D.A.B.)
| | - Margaret M Redfield
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (M.R.Z., C.F.B., A.D.B.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.S.I., R.E.S.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (P.J.N.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (R.S., H.L.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M., M.M.L.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M.L.W.); Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City (D.A.B.)
| | - David A Bull
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (M.R.Z., C.F.B., A.D.B.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.S.I., R.E.S.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (P.J.N.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (R.S., H.L.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M., M.M.L.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M.L.W.); Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City (D.A.B.)
| | - Henk L Granzier
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (M.R.Z., C.F.B., A.D.B.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.S.I., R.E.S.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (P.J.N.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (R.S., H.L.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M., M.M.L.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M.L.W.); Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City (D.A.B.)
| | - Martin M LeWinter
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (M.R.Z., C.F.B., A.D.B.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC (J.S.I., R.E.S.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (P.J.N.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (R.S., H.L.G.); Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M., M.M.L.W.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.M.P., P.V.B., M.M.L.W.); Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.M.R.); and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City (D.A.B.)
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Protein glycation during aging and in cardiovascular disease. J Proteomics 2013; 92:248-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nozynski J, Zakliczynski M, Konecka-Mrowka D, Zakliczynska H, Pijet M, Zembala-Nozynska E, Lange D, Zembala M. Advanced glycation end products and lipofuscin deposits share the same location in cardiocytes of the failing heart. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:223-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Nozyński J, Zakliczynski M, Konecka-Mrówka D. Reply to Bowman et al. Advanced glycation end products in diabetic cardiomyopathy: An alternative hypothesis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Falcão-Pires I, Hamdani N, Borbély A, Gavina C, Schalkwijk CG, van der Velden J, van Heerebeek L, Stienen GJ, Niessen HW, Leite-Moreira AF, Paulus WJ. Diabetes Mellitus Worsens Diastolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Aortic Stenosis Through Altered Myocardial Structure and Cardiomyocyte Stiffness. Circulation 2011; 124:1151-9. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.025270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Falcão-Pires
- From the Departments of Physiology (I.F.-P., N.H., A.B., J.v.d.V., L.v.H., G.J.M.S., W.J.P.) and Pathology and Cardiac Surgery (H.W.M.N.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery (I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M.) and Cardiology (C.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, and Center of Thoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine,
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- From the Departments of Physiology (I.F.-P., N.H., A.B., J.v.d.V., L.v.H., G.J.M.S., W.J.P.) and Pathology and Cardiac Surgery (H.W.M.N.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery (I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M.) and Cardiology (C.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, and Center of Thoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine,
| | - Attila Borbély
- From the Departments of Physiology (I.F.-P., N.H., A.B., J.v.d.V., L.v.H., G.J.M.S., W.J.P.) and Pathology and Cardiac Surgery (H.W.M.N.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery (I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M.) and Cardiology (C.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, and Center of Thoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine,
| | - Cristina Gavina
- From the Departments of Physiology (I.F.-P., N.H., A.B., J.v.d.V., L.v.H., G.J.M.S., W.J.P.) and Pathology and Cardiac Surgery (H.W.M.N.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery (I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M.) and Cardiology (C.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, and Center of Thoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine,
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- From the Departments of Physiology (I.F.-P., N.H., A.B., J.v.d.V., L.v.H., G.J.M.S., W.J.P.) and Pathology and Cardiac Surgery (H.W.M.N.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery (I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M.) and Cardiology (C.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, and Center of Thoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine,
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- From the Departments of Physiology (I.F.-P., N.H., A.B., J.v.d.V., L.v.H., G.J.M.S., W.J.P.) and Pathology and Cardiac Surgery (H.W.M.N.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery (I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M.) and Cardiology (C.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, and Center of Thoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine,
| | - Loek van Heerebeek
- From the Departments of Physiology (I.F.-P., N.H., A.B., J.v.d.V., L.v.H., G.J.M.S., W.J.P.) and Pathology and Cardiac Surgery (H.W.M.N.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery (I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M.) and Cardiology (C.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, and Center of Thoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine,
| | - Ger J.M. Stienen
- From the Departments of Physiology (I.F.-P., N.H., A.B., J.v.d.V., L.v.H., G.J.M.S., W.J.P.) and Pathology and Cardiac Surgery (H.W.M.N.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery (I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M.) and Cardiology (C.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, and Center of Thoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine,
| | - Hans W.M. Niessen
- From the Departments of Physiology (I.F.-P., N.H., A.B., J.v.d.V., L.v.H., G.J.M.S., W.J.P.) and Pathology and Cardiac Surgery (H.W.M.N.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery (I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M.) and Cardiology (C.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, and Center of Thoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine,
| | - Adelino F. Leite-Moreira
- From the Departments of Physiology (I.F.-P., N.H., A.B., J.v.d.V., L.v.H., G.J.M.S., W.J.P.) and Pathology and Cardiac Surgery (H.W.M.N.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery (I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M.) and Cardiology (C.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, and Center of Thoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine,
| | - Walter J. Paulus
- From the Departments of Physiology (I.F.-P., N.H., A.B., J.v.d.V., L.v.H., G.J.M.S., W.J.P.) and Pathology and Cardiac Surgery (H.W.M.N.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery (I.F.-P., A.F.L.-M.) and Cardiology (C.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, and Center of Thoracic Surgery (A.F.L.-M.), Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine,
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Glycation of the muscle-specific enolase by reactive carbonyls: effect of temperature and the protection role of carnosine, pyridoxamine and phosphatidylserine. Protein J 2011; 30:149-58. [PMID: 21347838 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-011-9307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reactive carbonyls such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), trans-2-nonenal (T2 N), acrolein (ACR) can react readily with nucleophilic protein sites forming of advanced glycation end-products (AGE). In this study, the human and pig muscle-specific enolase was used as a protein model for in vitro modification by 4-HNE, T2 N and ACR. While the human enolase interaction with reactive α-oxoaldehyde methylglyoxal (MOG) was demonstrated previously, the effect of 4-HNE, T2N and ACR has not been identified yet. Altering in catalytic function were observed after the enzyme incubation with these active compounds for 1-24 h at 25, 37 and 45 °C. The inhibition degree of enolase activity occurred in following order: 4-HNE > ACR > MOG > T2N and inactivation of pig muscle-specific enolase was more effective relatively to human enzyme. The efficiency of AGE formation depends on time and incubation temperature with glycating agent. More amounts of insoluble AGE were formed at 45 °C. We found that pyridoxamine and natural dipeptide carnosine counteracted AGE formation and protected enolase against the total loss of catalytic activity. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that phosphatidylserine may significantly protect enolase against decrease of catalytic activity in spite of AGE production.
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Hübner S, Efthymiadis A. Histochemistry and cell biology: the annual review 2010. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 135:111-40. [PMID: 21279376 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent advances in histochemistry and cell biology which complement and extend our knowledge regarding various aspects of protein functions, cell and tissue biology, employing appropriate in vivo model systems in conjunction with established and novel approaches. In this context several non-expected results and discoveries were obtained which paved the way of research into new directions. Once the reader embarks on reading this review, it quickly becomes quite obvious that the studies contribute not only to a better understanding of fundamental biological processes but also provide use-oriented aspects that can be derived therefrom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hübner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
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