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Tangbjerg M, Damgaard A, Karlsen A, Svensson RB, Schjerling P, Gelabert‐Rebato M, Pankratova S, Sangild PT, Kjaer M, Mackey AL. Insulin-like growth factor-1 infusion in preterm piglets does not affect growth parameters of skeletal muscle or tendon tissue. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:1529-1544. [PMID: 38980930 PMCID: PMC11363143 DOI: 10.1113/ep092010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Prematurity has physical consequences, such as lower birth weight, decreased muscle mass and increased risk of adult-onset metabolic disease. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has therapeutic potential to improve the growth and quality of muscle and tendon in premature births, and thus attenuate some of these sequalae. We investigated the effect of IGF-1 on extensor carpi radialis muscle and biceps brachii tendon of preterm piglets. The preterm group consisted of 19-day-old preterm (10 days early) piglets, treated with either IGF-1 or vehicle. Term controls consisted of groups of 9-day-old piglets (D9) and 19-day-old piglets (D19). Muscle samples were analysed by immunofluorescence to determine the cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibres, fibre type composition, satellite cell content and central nuclei-containing fibres in the muscle. Tendon samples were analysed for CSA, collagen content and maturation, and vascularization. Gene expression of the tendon was measured by RT-qPCR. Across all endpoints, we found no significant effect of IGF-1 treatment on preterm piglets. Preterm piglets had smaller muscle fibre CSA compared to D9 and D19 control group. Satellite cell content was similar across all groups. For tendon, we found an effect of age on tendon CSA, and mRNA levels of COL1A1, tenomodulin and scleraxis. Immunoreactivity for elastin and CD31, and several markers of tendon maturation, were increased in D9 compared to the preterm piglets. Collagen content was similar across groups. IGF-1 treatment of preterm-born piglets does not influence the growth and maturation of skeletal muscle and tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Tangbjerg
- Institute of Sports Medicine CopenhagenDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy AgingDepartment of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ann Damgaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine CopenhagenDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy AgingDepartment of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Anders Karlsen
- Center for Healthy AgingDepartment of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rene B. Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine CopenhagenDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy AgingDepartment of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine CopenhagenDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy AgingDepartment of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Miriam Gelabert‐Rebato
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS)University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran CanariaCanary IslandsSpain
| | - Stanislava Pankratova
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
- Department of NeonatologyRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of PediatricsOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine CopenhagenDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy AgingDepartment of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Abigail L. Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine CopenhagenDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy AgingDepartment of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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2
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Li MY, Li CC, Chen X, Yao YL, Han YS, Guo T, Zhang YS, Huang T. Differential analysis of ubiquitin-proteomics in skeletal muscle of Duroc pigs and Tibetan fragrant pigs. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1455338. [PMID: 39280835 PMCID: PMC11395495 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1455338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the differences in ubiquitination-modified proteins between Duroc pigs and Tibetan fragrant pigs is crucial for comprehending the growth and development of their skeletal muscles. In this study, skeletal muscle samples from 30-day-old Duroc pigs and Tibetan fragrant pigs were collected. Using ubiquitination 4D-Label free quantitative proteomics, we analyzed and identified ubiquitination-modified peptides, screening out 109 differentially expressed ubiquitination-modified peptides. Further enrichment analysis was conducted on the proteins associated with these differential peptides. GO analysis results indicated that the differential genes were primarily enriched in processes such as regulation of protein transport, motor activity, myosin complex, and actin cytoskeleton. KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment in pathways such as Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis and Hippo signaling pathway. The differentially expressed key ubiquitinated proteins, including MYL1, MYH3, TNNC2, TNNI1, MYLPF, MYH1, MYH7, TNNT2, TTN, and TNNC1, were further identified. Our analysis demonstrates that these genes play significant roles in skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms of muscle development in Duroc pigs and Tibetan fragrant pigs, and offering theoretical support for breeding improvements in the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Li
- Xinjiang Characteristic Livestock Breeding and Reproduction Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chao-Cheng Li
- Xinjiang Characteristic Livestock Breeding and Reproduction Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Xinjiang Characteristic Livestock Breeding and Reproduction Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Group, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Long Yao
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Song Han
- Xinjiang Characteristic Livestock Breeding and Reproduction Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Xinjiang Characteristic Livestock Breeding and Reproduction Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Zhang
- Xinjiang Characteristic Livestock Breeding and Reproduction Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Xinjiang Characteristic Livestock Breeding and Reproduction Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Xu Y, Wang H, Cheng F, Chen K, Lei G, Deng Z, Wu X, Liu C, Si J, Liang J. Screening for Genes Related to Meat Production Traits in Duroc × Bama Xiang Crossbred Pigs by Whole Transcriptome Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2347. [PMID: 39199880 PMCID: PMC11350711 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The meat production traits of pigs are influenced by the expression regulation of multiple gene types, including mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. To study the differences in meat production traits at the transcriptional level among individuals with different growth rates, the longissimus dorsi samples from eight Duroc × Bama Xiang F2 crossbred pigs with a fast growth rate (high gTroup) or a slow growth rate (low group) were selected to perform whole transcriptome sequencing and ceRNA regulatory network construction. This study first analyzed the differences in physiological and biochemical indicators, muscle histological characteristics, and muscle fiber types. A total of 248 mRNAs, 25 miRNAs, and 432 lncRNAs were identified as differentially expressed by whole transcriptome sequencing. Key genes that may influence meat production traits include MTMR14, PPP1R3A, PYGM, PGAM2, MYH1, and MYH7. The ceRNA regulatory network map showed that ENSSSCG00000042061-ssc-mir-208b-MYH7, ENSSSCG00000042223-ssc-mir-146a-MTMR14, ENSSSCG00000045539-ssc-mir-9-3-MYH1, and ENSSSCG00000047852-ssc-mir-103-1-PPP1R3A may be the key factors affecting meat production traits through their regulatory relationships. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying porcine muscle development and can aid in improving meat production traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.X.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.X.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Feng Cheng
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.X.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Kuirong Chen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.X.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Guofeng Lei
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.X.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Zhongrong Deng
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.X.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.X.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Cong Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.X.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Jinglei Si
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.X.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (C.L.)
- Guangxi State Farms Yongxin Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., Nanning 530022, China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.X.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (Z.D.); (X.W.); (C.L.)
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4
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Pani S, Senapati U, Pati B, Sahu B, Swalsingh G, Pani P, Rout S, Achary KG, Bal NC. Developmental dynamics of mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins in functionally divergent skeletal muscles of goat. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16002. [PMID: 38831632 PMCID: PMC11148127 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
During skeletal muscle development, the intricate mitochondrial network formation relies on continuous fission and fusion. This process in larger mammals differs from rodents, the most used animal models. However, the expression pattern of proteins regulating mitochondrial dynamics in developing skeletal muscle remains unexplored in larger mammals. Therefore, we characterized the cellular expression and tissue-level distribution of these proteins during development taking goat as a model. We have performed histological and immunohistochemical analyses to study metabolic features in various muscles. Neonatal muscles display uniform distribution of mitochondrial activity. In contrast, adult muscles exhibit clear distinctions based on their function, whether dedicated for posture maintenance or facilitating locomotion. Mitochondrial fission proteins like DRP-1, MFF, and fusion proteins like MFN-1 and 2 are abundantly expressed in neonatal muscles. Fission proteins exhibit drastic downregulation with limited peripheral expression, whereas fusion proteins continue to express in a fiber-specific manner during adulthood. Locomotory muscles exhibit different fibers based on mitochondrial activity and peripheralization with high SDH activity. The proximity ligation assay between MFN1 and MFN2 demonstrates that their interaction is restricted to subsarcolemmal mitochondria in adult fibers while distributed evenly in neonatal fibers. These differences between postural and locomotory muscles suggest their physiological and metabolic properties are different.
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Grants
- ECR/ 2016/001247 DST | Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)
- BT/RLF/Re-entry/41/2014 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (DBT)
- BT/PR28935/MED/30/2035/2018 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (DBT)
- 45/3/2019/PHY/BMS Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
- 45/9/2020-PHY/BMS Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
- 09/1035(0011)/2017-EMR-I CSIR | Human Resource Development Group (HRDG)
- DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2018/IF180892 Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (DST)
- DST | Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (DBT)
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
- CSIR | Human Resource Development Group (HRDG)
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (DST)
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Pani
- School of BiotechnologyKIIT UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Unmod Senapati
- School of BiotechnologyKIIT UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Benudhara Pati
- School of BiotechnologyKIIT UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | | | | | - Punyadhara Pani
- School of BiotechnologyKIIT UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Subhasmita Rout
- School of BiotechnologyKIIT UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | | | - Naresh C. Bal
- School of BiotechnologyKIIT UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
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Mohan NH, Pathak P, Buragohain L, Deka J, Bharati J, Das AK, Thomas R, Singh R, Sarma DK, Gupta VK, Das BC. Comparative muscle transcriptome of Mali and Hampshire breeds of pigs: a preliminary study. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3946-3961. [PMID: 37587839 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2244988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Muscle development is an important priority of pig breeding programs. There is a considerable variation in muscularity between the breeds, but the regulation mechanisms of genes underlying myogenesis are still unclear. Transcriptome data from two breeds of pigs with divergent muscularity (Mali and Hampshire) were integrated with histology, immunofluorescence and meat yield to identify differences in myogenesis during the early growth phase. The muscle transcriptomics analysis revealed 17,721 common, 1413 and 1115 unique transcripts to Hampshire and Mali, respectively. This study identified 908 differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05; log2FC > ±1) in the muscle samples, of which 550 were upregulated and 358 were downregulated in Hampshire pigs, indicating differences in physiological process related to muscle function and development. Expression of genes related to myoblast fusion (MYMK), skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation (ANGPT1, CDON) and growth factors (HGF, IGF1, IGF2) were higher in Hampshire than Mali, even though transcript levels of several other myogenesis-related genes (MYF6, MYOG, MSTN) were similar. The number of fibers per fascicle and the expression of myogenic marker proteins (MYOD1, MYOG and PAX7) were more in Hampshire as compared to Mali breed of pig, supporting results of transcriptome studies. The results suggest that differences in muscularity between breeds could be related to the regulation of myoblast fusion and myogenic activities. The present study will help to identify genes that could be explored for their utility in the selection of animals with different muscularities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juri Deka
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Jaya Bharati
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anil Kumar Das
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Rajendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Duan Y, Li T, Zhang G, Wu P, Chen L, Ding H, Wang J, Sun W. Transcriptome sequencing to explore the effect of miR-214 on chicken primary myoblasts. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1727-1736. [PMID: 35262452 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2044840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are involved in a series of biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of primary myoblasts. The research group found that miR-214 is highly expressed in chicken primary myoblasts (CPMs), so we used miR-214 as a starting point to explore the biological function of miR-214 in skeletal muscle growth and development. In this experiment, CPMs were cultured in vitro; miR-214 was overexpressed in CPMs; and cell samples were collected for subsequent transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). After miR-214 overexpression, we identified 97 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 21 DEGs were up-regulated and 76 DEGs were down-regulated. After bioinformatics analysis, these DEGs were found to be significantly enriched in myofibrils, muscle system processes, myofibril assembly and other biological processes related to muscle development. The significantly enriched KEGGs include focal adhesion and type II diabetes mellitus. The protein network of DEGs was drawn by STRING and Cytoscape software, and 5 DEGs were randomly selected to verify the sequencing results by real-time fluorescence quantification. CAV3 is not only an important node protein in the protein network but also a member of the focal adhesion signaling pathway. It is speculated that miR-214 may regulate muscle development through the focal adhesion signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Genxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Lan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
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7
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Škorput D, Jančo N, Karolyi D, Kaić A, Luković Z. Analysis of Early Growth of Piglets from Hyperprolific Sows Using Random Regression Coefficient. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2888. [PMID: 37760288 PMCID: PMC10525395 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of hyperprolific sows is challenging when it comes to controlling birth weight variability and piglet survival in large litters. The growth of low birth weight piglets can be compromised and have a negative impact on production efficiency. The objective of the study was to apply a random regression coefficient model to estimate the main effects of the growth of piglets of highly prolific sows. The dataset contained growth data for 360 piglets from 25 Pen Ar Lan Naima sows. In addition to routine procedures after farrowing, piglets were weighed five times: on day 1 after farrowing, on day 14 of life, at weaning on day 28, on day 30 of nursery period, and at the end of the nursery period when piglets were 83 days old. Data were treated as longitudinal, with body weight as the dependent variable. Fitting age as a quadratic regression within piglets in the random part of the model helped to determine the significant effect of birth weight, litter size, and parity on the growth of the piglets. Since the piglets from large litters often have non-uniform birth weights and this can affect further growth, the use of a random regression coefficient model is practical for analysing the growth of such piglets due to the ability to describe the individual growth pattern of every individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravko Škorput
- Divison of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.); (A.K.); (Z.L.)
| | - Nina Jančo
- Family Enterprise Jančo, Matije Gupca 19, 31424 Punitovci, Croatia
| | - Danijel Karolyi
- Divison of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.); (A.K.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ana Kaić
- Divison of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.); (A.K.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zoran Luković
- Divison of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.K.); (A.K.); (Z.L.)
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Li X, Yang Y, Li L, Ren M, Zhou M, Li S. Transcriptome Profiling of Different Developmental Stages on Longissimus Dorsi to Identify Genes Underlying Intramuscular Fat Content in Wannanhua Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040903. [PMID: 37107661 PMCID: PMC10137702 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a key index to measure the tenderness and flavor of pork. Wannanhua pig, a famous indigenous pig breed in Anhui Province, is renowned for its high lipid deposition and high genetic divergence, making it an ideal model for investigating the lipid position trait mechanisms in pigs. However, the regulatory mechanisms of lipid deposition and development in pigs remain unclear. Furthermore, the temporal differences in gene regulation are based on muscle growth and IMF deposition. The purpose of this study was to study the expression changes of longissimus dorsi (LD) at different growth stages of WH pigs at the molecular level, to screen the candidate genes and signaling pathways related to IMF during development by transcriptome sequencing technology, and to explore the transcriptional regulation mechanism of IMF deposition-related genes at different development stages. In total, 616, 485, and 1487 genes were differentially expressed between LD60 and LD120, LD120 and LD240, and LD60 and LD240, respectively. Numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with lipid metabolism and muscle development were identified, and most of them were involved in IMF deposition and were significantly up-regulated in LD120 and LD240 compared to LD60. STEM (Short Time-series Expression Miner) analysis indicated significant variations in the mRNA expression across distinct muscle development stages. The differential expression of 12 selected DEGs was confirmed by RT-qPCR. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of IMF deposition and provide a new way to accelerate the genetic improvement of pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Man Ren
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Shenghe Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Chuzhou 233100, China
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9
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Identification and Quantification of Proliferating Cells in Skeletal Muscle of Glutamine Supplemented Low- and Normal-Birth-Weight Piglets. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040580. [PMID: 36831247 PMCID: PMC9953894 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One way to improve the growth of low-birth-weight (LBW) piglets can be stimulation of the cellular development of muscle by optimized amino acid supply. In the current study, it was investigated how glutamine (Gln) supplementation affects muscle tissue of LBW and normal-birth-weight (NBW) piglets. Longissimus and semitendinosus muscles of 96 male piglets, which were supplemented with 1 g Gln/kg body weight or alanine, were collected at slaughter on day 5 or 26 post natum (dpn), one hour after injection with Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 12 mg/kg). Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect proliferating, BrdU-positive cells in muscle cross-sections. Serial stainings with cell type specific antibodies enabled detection and subsequent quantification of proliferating satellite cells and identification of further proliferating cell types, e.g., preadipocytes and immune cells. The results indicated that satellite cells and macrophages comprise the largest fractions of proliferating cells in skeletal muscle of piglets early after birth. The Gln supplementation somewhat stimulated satellite cells. We observed differences between the two muscles, but no influence of the piglets' birth weight was observed. Thus, Gln supplements may not be considered as effective treatment in piglets with low birth weight for improvement of muscle growth.
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Kirkpatrick LT, Daughtry MR, El-Kadi S, Shi TH, Gerrard DE. O-GlcNAcylation is a gatekeeper of porcine myogenesis. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac326. [PMID: 36219104 PMCID: PMC9683508 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has long been known that growth media withdrawal is a prerequisite for myoblast differentiation and fusion, the underpinning molecular mechanism remains somewhat elusive. Using isolated porcine muscle satellite cells (SCs) as the model, we show elevated O-GlcNAcylation by O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibition impaired SC differentiation (D5 P < 0.0001) but had unnoticeable impacts on SC proliferation. To explore the mechanism of this phenotype, we examined the expression of the transcription factor myogenin, a master switch of myogenesis, and found its expression was downregulated by elevated O-GlcNAcylation. Because insulin/IGF-1/Akt axis is a strong promoter of myoblast fusion, we measured the phosphorylated Akt and found that hyper O-GlcNAcylation inhibited Akt phosphorylation, implying OGA inhibition may also work through interfering with this critical differentiation-promoting pathway. In contrast, inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) by its specific inhibitor had little impact on either myoblast proliferation or differentiation (P > 0.05). To confirm these in vitro findings, we used chemical-induced muscle injury in the pig as a model to study muscle regenerative myogenesis and showed how O-GlcNAcylation functions in this process. We show a significant decrease in muscle fiber cross sectional area (CSA) when OGA is inhibited (P < 0.05), compared to nondamaged muscle, and a significant decrease compared to control and OGT inhibited muscle (P < 0.05), indicating a significant impairment in porcine muscle regeneration in vivo. Together, the in vitro and in vivo data suggest that O-GlcNAcylation may serve as a nutrient sensor during SC differentiation by gauging cellular nutrient availability and translating these signals into cellular responses. Given the importance of nutrition availability in lean muscle growth, our findings may have significant implications on how muscle growth is regulated in agriculturally important animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila T Kirkpatrick
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Morgan R Daughtry
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Samer El-Kadi
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Tim Hao Shi
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - David E Gerrard
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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11
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Metzger K, Dannenberger D, Tuchscherer A, Ponsuksili S, Kalbe C. Effects of temperature on proliferation of myoblasts from donor piglets with different thermoregulatory maturities. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:36. [PMID: 34174812 PMCID: PMC8236195 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Climate change and the associated risk for the occurrence of extreme temperature events or permanent changes in ambient temperature are important in the husbandry of farm animals. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of permanent cultivation temperatures below (35 °C) and above (39 °C, 41 °C) the standard cultivation temperature (37 °C) on porcine muscle development. Therefore, we used our porcine primary muscle cell culture derived from satellite cells as an in vitro model. Neonatal piglets have limited thermoregulatory stability, and several days after birth are required to maintain their body temperature. To consider this developmental step, we used myoblasts originating from thermolabile (five days of age) and thermostable piglets (twenty days of age). Results The efficiency of myoblast proliferation using real-time monitoring via electrical impedance was comparable at all temperatures with no difference in the cell index, slope or doubling time. Both temperatures of 37 °C and 39 °C led to similar biochemical growth properties and cell viability. Only differences in the mRNA expression of myogenesis-associated genes were found at 39 °C compared to 37 °C with less MYF5, MYOD and MSTN and more MYH3 mRNA. Myoblasts grown at 35 °C are smaller, exhibit higher DNA synthesis and express higher amounts of the satellite cell marker PAX7, muscle growth inhibitor MSTN and metabolic coactivator PPARGC1A. Only permanent cultivation at 41 °C resulted in higher HSP expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Interactions between the temperature and donor age showed that MYOD, MYOG, MYH3 and SMPX mRNAs were temperature-dependently expressed in myoblasts of thermolabile but not thermostable piglets. Conclusions We conclude that 37 °C to 39 °C is the best physiological temperature range for adequate porcine myoblast development. Corresponding to the body temperatures of piglets, it is therefore possible to culture primary muscle cells at 39 °C. Only the highest temperature of 41 °C acts as a thermal stressor for myoblasts with increased HSP expression, but it also accelerates myogenic development. Cultivation at 35 °C, however, leads to less differentiated myoblasts with distinct thermogenetic activity. The adaptive behavior of derived primary muscle cells to different cultivation temperatures seems to be determined by the thermoregulatory stability of the donor piglets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-021-00376-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Metzger
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.,Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Kalbe
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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12
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Ali A, Murani E, Hadlich F, Liu X, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. Prenatal Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel MicroRNA-mRNA Networks Associated with Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Pigs. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051007. [PMID: 33923344 PMCID: PMC8145024 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs in 15–20% of pig neonates and poses huge economic losses to the pig industry. IUGR piglets have reduced skeletal muscle growth, which may persist after birth. Prenatal muscle growth is regulated by complex molecular pathways that are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as the main regulators of vital pathways and biological processes in the body. This study was designed to identify miRNA–mRNA networks regulating prenatal skeletal muscle development in pigs. We performed an integrative miRNA–mRNA transcriptomic analysis in longissimus dorsi muscle from IUGR fetuses and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses at 63 days post conception. Our data showed that 47 miRNAs and 3257 mRNAs were significantly upregulated, and six miRNAs and 477 mRNAs were significantly downregulated in IUGR compared to AGA fetuses. Moreover, 47 upregulated miRNAs were negatively correlated and can potentially target 326 downregulated genes, whereas six downregulated miRNAs were negatively correlated and can potentially target 1291 upregulated genes. These miRNA–mRNA networks showed enrichment in biological processes and pathways critical for fetal growth, development, and metabolism. The miRNA–mRNA networks identified in this study can potentially serve as indicators of prenatal fetal growth and development as well as postnatal carcass quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Xuan Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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13
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Gonzalez ML, Busse NI, Waits CM, Johnson SE. Satellite cells and their regulation in livestock. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5807489. [PMID: 32175577 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells are the myogenic stem and progenitor population found in skeletal muscle. These cells typically reside in a quiescent state until called upon to support repair, regeneration, or muscle growth. The activities of satellite cells are orchestrated by systemic hormones, autocrine and paracrine growth factors, and the composition of the basal lamina of the muscle fiber. Several key intracellular signaling events are initiated in response to changes in the local environment causing exit from quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation. Signals emanating from Notch, wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family members, and transforming growth factor-β proteins mediate the reversible exit from growth 0 phase while those initiated by members of the fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor families direct proliferation and differentiation. Many of these pathways impinge upon the myogenic regulatory factors (MRF), myogenic factor 5, myogenic differentiation factor D, myogenin and MRF4, and the lineage determinate, Paired box 7, to alter transcription and subsequent satellite cell decisions. In the recent past, insight into mouse transgenic models has led to a firm understanding of regulatory events that control satellite cell metabolism and myogenesis. Many of these niche-regulated functions offer subtle differences from their counterparts in livestock pointing to the existence of species-specific controls. The purpose of this review is to examine the mechanisms that mediate large animal satellite cell activity and their relationship to those present in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L Gonzalez
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Nicolas I Busse
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - Sally E Johnson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
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14
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Zeng Z, Chen X, Huang Z, Chen D, He J, Chen H, Yu J, Luo Y, Luo J, Zheng P, Yu B. Effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation on growth performance and muscle fiber type transformation in weaned piglets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Low birth weight influences the postnatal abundance and characteristics of satellite cell subpopulations in pigs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6149. [PMID: 32273524 PMCID: PMC7145795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) can cause lifelong impairments in muscle development and growth. Satellite cells (SC) and their progeny are crucial contributors to myogenic processes. This study provides new data on LBW in piglets combining insights on energy metabolism, muscle capillarization and differences in SC presence and function. To this aim, muscle tissues as well as isolated myogenic cells of 4-day-old German Landrace piglets were analyzed. For the first time two heterogeneous SC subpopulations, which contribute differently to muscle development, were isolated from LBW pigs by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The muscles of LBW piglets showed a reduced DNA, RNA, and protein content as well as lower activity of the muscle specific enzymes CK, ICDH, and LDH compared to their normal birth weight siblings. We assume that deficits in energy metabolism and capillarization are associated with reduced bioavailability of SC, possibly leading to early exhaustion of the SC reserve cell pool and the cells’ premature differentiation.
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16
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Rudar M, Fiorotto ML, Davis TA. Regulation of Muscle Growth in Early Postnatal Life in a Swine Model. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2018; 7:309-335. [PMID: 30388025 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle growth during the early postnatal period is rapid in the pig and dependent on the capacity of muscle to respond to anabolic and catabolic stimuli. Muscle mass is driven by the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. Among these processes, muscle protein synthesis in the piglet is exceptionally sensitive to the feeding-induced postprandial changes in insulin and amino acids, whereas muscle protein degradation is affected only during specific catabolic states. The developmental decline in the response of muscle to feeding is associated with changes in the signaling pathways located upstream and downstream of the mechanistic target of rapamycin protein complex. Additionally, muscle growth is supported by an accretion of nuclei derived from satellite cells. Activated satellite cells undergo proliferation, differentiation, and fusion with adjacent growing muscle fibers. Enhancing early muscle growth through modifying protein synthesis, degradation, and satellite cell activity is key to maximizing performance, productivity, and lifelong pig health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Rudar
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; , ,
| | - Marta L Fiorotto
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; , ,
| | - Teresa A Davis
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; , ,
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17
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Hu L, Han F, Chen L, Peng X, Chen D, Wu D, Che L, Zhang K. High nutrient intake during the early postnatal period accelerates skeletal muscle fiber growth and maturity in intrauterine growth-restricted pigs. GENES AND NUTRITION 2018; 13:23. [PMID: 30065792 PMCID: PMC6062929 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) neonates impair postnatal skeletal muscle growth. The aim of this study was to investigate whether high nutrient intake (HNI) during the suckling period could improve muscle growth and metabolic status of IUGR pigs. Methods Twelve pairs of IUGR and normal birth weight (NBW) pigs (7 days old) were randomly assigned to adequate nutrient intake and HNI formula milk groups. Psoas major (PM) muscle sample was obtained after 21 days of rearing. Results IUGR decreased cross-sectional areas (CSA) and myofiber numbers, activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ribosomal protein s6 (RPS6), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), protein expression of phosphorylated mTOR (P-mTOR), and phosphorylated protein kinase B (P-Akt) in the PM muscle of pigs. Irrespective of birth weight, HNI increased muscle weight and CSA, the concentration of RNA, and ratio of RNA to DNA, as well as ratio of LDH to β-hydroxy-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase in the PM muscle of pigs. Furthermore, HNI increased percentages of MyHC IIb, mRNA expression of IGF-1, IGF-1R, Akt, mTOR, RPS6, and eIF4E, as well as protein expression of P-mTOR, P-Akt, P-RPS6, and P-eIF4E in the PM muscle of pigs. Conclusion The present findings suggest that high nutrient intake during the suckling period could improve skeletal muscle growth and maturity, which is associated with increasing the expression of protein deposition-related genes and accelerating the development of glycolytic-type myofiber in pigs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12263-018-0612-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Xie Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
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18
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Kim JM, Lim KS, Ko KB, Ryu YC. Estimation of pork quality in live pigs using biopsied muscle fibre number composition. Meat Sci 2017; 137:130-133. [PMID: 29175766 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Here, we newly provided the parameters for estimating meat quality in live pigs using the muscle biopsy. The biopsied longissimus thoracis muscle was used to identify the muscle fibre characteristics (MFCs). Of the various MFCs in biopsied muscle, muscle fibre number (MFN) composition showed the greatest correlation with the MFCs in postmortem muscle (P<0.001). Moreover, the pigs cluster groups, based on the biopsied MFN composition, demonstrated statistically significant differences in meat quality traits such as muscle pH, drip loss, and meat colour (P<0.05). Therefore, we conclude that the MFN parameters in live pigs are closely related to the postmortem muscle metabolic rate and ultimately with the quality of meat. We suggest that the higher type I and lower type IIB MFN in biopsied muscle will result in better pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Mo Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Lim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bo Ko
- Division of Biotechnology, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju-Si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Ryu
- Division of Biotechnology, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju-Si 63243, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Madsen JG, Seoni E, Kreuzer M, Silacci P, Bee G. Influence of l-carnitine and l-arginine on protein synthesis and maturation of the semitendinosus muscle of lightweight piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:440-451. [PMID: 28771840 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lightweight (LW) piglets from large litters display impaired growth performance compared with heavier littermates. This study investigated the growth performance and muscle development of early-weaned LW piglets (birthweight <1.2 kg) from large litters (17.3 ± 3.0 total born per litter), fed ad libitum a milk replacer supplemented with either l-carnitine (CAR) or l-arginine (ARG) from day 7 to day 28 of age. In total, 36 female and entire male Swiss Large White piglets, weaned on day 7 of age, were artificially reared in pairs in rescue decks. They were allocated to one of three dietary treatments: unsupplemented control (CON), 0.48 g l-carnitine·piglet-1 ·day-1 (CAR) or 1.20 g l-arginine·kg body weight-1 ·day-1 (ARG). Milk replacer was prepared daily in a 1:4 powder-to-water ratio and fed ad libitum. Piglets were weighed at birth and on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Feed intake was assessed daily. Piglets were euthanized on day 28. The entire semitendinosus muscle (STM) was collected, and organs were weighed. Subsequently, the STM was divided into the light (STMl ) and dark (STMd ) portion, and contractile and metabolic traits were analysed by ATP histochemistry, enzyme activities and gene expression. No differences in growth performance, organ and STM weight and on contractile traits were found between groups. A tendency (p < .10) for an elevated lipid oxidation enzyme activity in the STMl and STMd and greater (p < .05) phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in the STMl of CAR compared with CON piglets was found. Despite these metabolic responses, the lack of effect of CAR and ARG supplementation on growth performance suggests that providing the milk replacer ad libitum in combination with added CAR and ARG is insufficient for eliciting faster growth of LW piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Madsen
- Agroscope Posieux, Posieux, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Seoni
- Agroscope Posieux, Posieux, Switzerland
| | - M Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Silacci
- Agroscope Posieux, Posieux, Switzerland
| | - G Bee
- Agroscope Posieux, Posieux, Switzerland
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20
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Milk replacers supplemented with either L-arginine or L-carnitine potentially improve muscle maturation of early reared low birth weight piglets from hyperprolific sows. Animal 2017. [PMID: 28641602 DOI: 10.1017/s175173111700132x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of the selection for genotypes with greater sow prolificacy, litter size increased and, concomitantly, average litter birth weight and early postnatal survival rates of low birth weight (L-BtW) offspring decreased. This study compared the impact of l-carnitine (CAR) and l-arginine (ARG) supplemented with a milk replacer and fed to L-BtW piglets born from large litters from days 7 to 28 of age on growth performance, carcass composition, organ and Semitendinosus muscle (STM) development. A total of 30 female and castrated Swiss Large White piglets weaned at 7 days of age were assigned to three milk replacer diets containing either no supplement (CON), CAR (0.40 g/piglet per day) or ARG (1.08 g/kg BW per day). Piglets were kept in pairs in rescue decks (0.54 m2). They were weighed daily and daily allowance of both, feed and ARG, was adjusted accordingly. Thus, feed allowance depended on growth. Each day, the milk replacer was prepared with water (1:4). Feed (allowance: 60 g dry matter/kg BW per day) was offered daily in six equal rations. Feed intake and feed efficiency was assessed for the pairs and apparent total tract-energy and -protein digestibility was determined from days 21 to 28 of age. On day 28, piglets were euthanized, blood samples were collected and the whole STM and organs were weighed. In STM, the size and metabolic properties of myofibers were determined. No difference in growth performance was found between dietary treatments, but piglets from the CAR group tended (P<0.10) to grow faster during the 1st experimental week and consume more feed from days 14 to 21 as compared with piglets of the CON group. A setback in growth in the last week in the CAR group coincided with the lower (P<0.05) energy and protein digestibility. Dietary treatments had no effect on STM and organ weight and myofiber size. Compared with the other groups, there were trends (P<0.10) for blood serum urea and glucose level to be greater in CAR and for non-esterified fatty acid level to be greater in ARG piglets. The greater (P<0.05) ratio of lactate dehydrogenase to either citrate synthase or β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase indicated that the relative importance of the glycolytic compared with the oxidative pathway was greater in STM of CAR and ARG compared with CON piglets. These results suggest that ARG and CAR supplements were beneficial for muscle maturation whereas findings on phenotypic traits were rather unsystematic.
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21
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Molecular and functional heterogeneity of early postnatal porcine satellite cell populations is associated with bioenergetic profile. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45052. [PMID: 28344332 PMCID: PMC5366807 DOI: 10.1038/srep45052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During postnatal development, hyperplastic and hypertrophic processes of skeletal muscle growth depend on the activation, proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of satellite cells (SC). Therefore, molecular and functional SC heterogeneity is an important component of muscle plasticity and will greatly affect long-term growth performance and muscle health. However, its regulation by cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors is far from clear. In particular, there is only minor information on the early postnatal period which is critical for muscle maturation and the establishment of adult SC pools. Here, we separated two SC subpopulations (P40/50, P50/70) from muscle of 4-day-old piglets. Our results characterize P40/50 as homogeneous population of committed (high expression of Myf5), fast-proliferating muscle progenitors. P50/70 constituted a slow-proliferating phenotype and contains high numbers of differentiated SC progeny. During culture, P50/70 is transformed to a population with lower differentiation potential that contains 40% Pax7-positive cells. A reversible state of low mitochondrial activity that results from active down-regulation of ATP-synthase is associated with the transition of some of the P50/70 cells to this more primitive fate typical for a reserve cell population. We assume that P40/50 and P50/70 subpopulations contribute unequally in the processes of myofiber growth and maintenance of the SC pool.
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22
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Kalbe C, Lösel D, Block J, Lefaucheur L, Brüssow KP, Bellmann O, Pfuhl R, Puppe B, Otten W, Metges CC, Rehfeldt C. Moderate high or low maternal protein diets change gene expression but not the phenotype of skeletal muscle from porcine fetuses. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 58:63-75. [PMID: 27664381 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to characterize the immediate phenotypic and adaptive regulatory responses of fetuses to different in utero conditions reflecting inadequate maternal protein supply during gestation. The gilts fed high- (250% above control) or low- (50% under control) protein diets isoenergetically adjusted at the expense of carbohydrates from the day of insemination until the fetuses were collected at day 64 or 94 of gestation. We analyzed body composition, histomorphology, biochemistry, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of fetal skeletal muscle. Both diets had only marginal effects on body composition and muscular cellularity of fetuses including an unchanged total number of myofibers. However, mRNA expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MYOG, MRF4, P ≤ 0.1), IGF system (IGF1, IGF1R, P ≤ 0.05) and myostatin antagonist FST (P = 0.6, in males only) was reduced in the fetal muscle exposed to a maternal low-protein diet. As a result of excess protein, MYOD, MYOG, IGF1R, and IGFBP5 mRNA expression (P ≤ 0.05) was upregulated in fetal muscle. Differences in muscular mRNA expression indicate in utero regulatory adaptive responses to maternal diet. Modulation of gene expression immediately contributes to the maintenance of an appropriate fetal phenotype that would be similar to that observed in the control fetuses. Moreover, we suggest that the modified gene expression in fetal skeletal muscle can be viewed as the origin of developmental muscular plasticity involved in the concept of fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kalbe
- Institute of Muscle Biology & Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - D Lösel
- Institute of Muscle Biology & Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - J Block
- Institute of Muscle Biology & Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - L Lefaucheur
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1348 sur la Physiologie, l'Environnement et la Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - K-P Brüssow
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - O Bellmann
- Institutional Veterinarian of the Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - R Pfuhl
- Institute of Muscle Biology & Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - B Puppe
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - W Otten
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology 'Oskar Kellner', Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C Rehfeldt
- Institute of Muscle Biology & Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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Dynamics of myosin heavy chain isoform transition in the longissimus muscle of domestic and wild pigs during growth: a comparative study. Animal 2016; 11:164-174. [PMID: 27345286 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116001312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics of myofiber differentiation/maturation in porcine skeletal muscle is associated with domestication, breeding and rearing conditions. This study was aimed to comparatively elucidate the age-dependent myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression and transition pattern in domestic and wild pig (WP) skeletal muscle from birth until adulthood. Domestic pigs (DPs) of Large White breed raised in conventional production system were compared with WPs reared in a large hunting enclosure. Muscle samples for immuno/enzyme histochemistry were taken from the longissimus dorsi muscle within 24 h postmortem at 24 to 48 h, 21 to 23 days, 7 months and ~2 years postpartum. Based on the antibody reactivity to MyHCs (NCL-MHCs, A4.74, BF-F3) and succinate dehydrogenase activity, myofibers were classified into I, I/IIa, IIa, IIx and IIb types. In addition, foetal MyHC expression was determined with the use of F158.4C10 antibody. Maturation of the longissimus dorsi muscle in the WP was characterized by an accelerated transformation of the fast to slow MyHC during the first hours postpartum, followed by differentiation towards oxidative myofibers in which type I, IIa and IIx MyHCs predominated. In the DP, the transformation shifted towards glycolytic myofibers that expressed MyHC-IIb. The expression of foetal MyHC was higher in the DP than in the WP at 1 day of age, and the decline in the foetal MyHC during the first 3 weeks was more rapid in the WP than in the DP denoting an accelerated early postnatal muscle maturation in WP than DP piglets. All foetal MyHC-positive myofibers co-expressed IIa isoform, but not vice versa. The intense myofiber hypertrophy was evident from 3 weeks until 7 months of age. In this period, the myofiber cross-sectional area increased up to 10- and 20-fold in the WP and the DP, respectively. In the DP, the hypertrophy of all myofiber types was more pronounced than in the WP, particularly the hypertrophy of IIx and IIb myofibers. To summarize, the comparison between growing DP with wild ancestors showed that genetic selection and rearing conditions lead to substantial changes in the direction and intensity of postnatal MyHC transformation as evidenced by different proportion of individual myofiber types and differences in their hypertrophic potential.
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Clark DL, Clark DI, Beever JE, Dilger AC. Increased prenatal IGF2 expression due to the porcine intron3-G3072A mutation may be responsible for increased muscle mass. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:2546-58. [PMID: 26020349 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A SNP (IGF2 G3072A) within intron 3 of disrupts a binding site for the repressor zinc finger BED-type containing 6 (ZBED6), leading to increased carcass lean yields in pigs. However, the relative contributions of prenatal as opposed to postnatal increased IGF2 expression are unclear. As muscle fiber number is set at birth, prenatal and neonate skeletal muscle development is critical in determining mature growth potential. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the contributions of hyperplasia and hypertrophy to increased muscle mass and to delineate the effect of the mutation on the expression of myogenic genes during prenatal and postnatal growth. Sows (IGF2 A/A) were bred to a single heterozygous (IGF2 A/G) boar. For fetal samples, sows were euthanized at 60 and 90 d of gestation (d60 and d90) to obtain fetuses. Male and female offspring were also euthanized at birth (0d), weaning (21d), and market weight of approximately 130 kg (176d). At each sampling time, the LM, psoas major (PM), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were weighed. Samples of the LM were used to quantify the expression of IGF family members, myogenic regulatory factors (MRF), myosin heavy chain isoforms, and growth factors, myostatin, and . Liver samples were used to quantify and expression. At 176d, weights of LM, PM, and ST muscles were all increased approximately 8% to 14% (P < 0.01) in pigs with paternal A (A(Pat)) alleles compared with those with paternal G (G(Pat)) alleles. Additionally, total muscle fiber number in the ST at 176d tended to be greater (P = 0.10), whereas muscle fiber cross-sectional area tended to be reduced ( P= 0.08) in A(Pat) pigs compared with G(Pat) pigs. In addition to the expected 2.7- to 4.5-fold increase (P ≤ 0.02) in expression in the LM in A(Pat) compared with G(Pat) pigs at postnatal sampling times (21d and 176d), IGF2 expression was also increased (P ≤ 0.06) 1.4- to 1.5-fold at d90 of gestation and at birth. At d90, expression of myogenic factor 5 (MYF5), a MRF expressed in proliferating myoblasts, in the LM was greater (P = 0.01) in A (Pat) pigs than in G(Pat) pigs. Interestingly, at 21d hepatic expression was greater (P = 0.01), whereas expression decreased (P = 0.01) in A(Pat) pigs compared with G(Pat) pigs; however, there were no differences (P ≥ 0.18) in hepatic expression between genotypes at 0d and 176d. These data suggest that prenatal hyperplasia of muscle fibers stimulated by increased IGF2 expression may contribute to increased muscle mass of A(Pat) pigs.
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Qi R, Chen Y, Peng H, Jiang S, Xiao R, Huang J. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation during late gestation and lactation of sows affects myofiber type in their litters. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Porcine EEF1A1 and EEF1A2 genes: genomic structure, polymorphism, mapping and expression. Mol Biol Rep 2015; 42:1257-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-015-3866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Siengdee P, Trakooljul N, Murani E, Brand B, Schwerin M, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. Pre- and post-natal muscle microRNA expression profiles of two pig breeds differing in muscularity. Gene 2015; 561:190-8. [PMID: 25724393 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs regulate the expression of target genes in diverse cellular processes and hence play important roles in physiological processes including developmental timing, patterning, embryogenesis, organogenesis, cell lineage, myogenesis and growth control. A comparative expression analysis of miRNAs expressed in the longissimus dorsi muscle at two prenatal stages (63 and 91 days post-conception (dpc)), and one adult stage (180 days post-natum) in both German Landrace (DL) and Pietrain (Pi) pig breeds was performed using a custom-designed array. During the prenatal stages, miR-199 and the miR-17 families were significantly up-regulated at 63 dpc, whereas miR-1 and miR-133a were overexpressed at 91 dpc. The abundance of several miRNAs was increased in the adult stage compared to 91 dpc including miR-1, miR-133, miR-22(a/b) and miR-29a. Some miRNAs were breed-specific, such as miR-199 and the miR-17 families which were all up-regulated in Pi pigs, while miR-133, miR-181 and miR-214 were up-regulated in DL pigs. Several pathways related to muscle development were enriched with predicted targets for the differentially expressed miRNAs. The dynamic expression and breed-associated regulation of porcine muscle miRNAs suggests a functional role for miRNA-mediated gene regulation during muscle development and phenotypic variations of muscle traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puntita Siengdee
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Functional Genomics, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Molecular Biology 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Eduard Murani
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Molecular Biology 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Bodo Brand
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Functional Genomics, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Manfred Schwerin
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Functional Genomics, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Molecular Biology 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Functional Genomics, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Delayed muscle development in small pig fetuses around birth cannot be rectified by maternal early feed restriction and subsequent overfeeding during gestation. Animal 2015; 9:1996-2005. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Cao J, Huang T, Li X, Zhao S. Interactome mapping reveals important pathways in skeletal muscle development of pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21788-802. [PMID: 25431924 PMCID: PMC4284678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151221788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory relationship and connectivity among genes involved in myogenesis and hypertrophy of skeletal muscle in pigs still remain large challenges. Presentation of gene interactions is a potential way to understand the mechanisms of developmental events in skeletal muscle. In this study, genome-wide transcripts and miRNA profiling was determined for Landrace pigs at four time points using microarray chips. A comprehensive method integrating gene ontology annotation and interactome network mapping was conducted to analyze the biological patterns and interaction modules of muscle development events based on differentially expressed genes and miRNAs. Our results showed that in total 484 genes and 34 miRNAs were detected for the duration from embryonic stage to adult in pigs, which composed two linear expression patterns with consensus changes. Moreover, the gene ontology analysis also disclosed that there were three typical biological events i.e., microstructure assembly of sarcomere at early embryonic stage, myofibril formation at later embryonic stage and function establishments of myoblast cells at postnatal stage. The interactome mappings of different time points also found the down-regulated trend of gene expression existed across the whole duration, which brought a possibility to introduce the myogenesis related miRNAs into the interactome regulatory networks of skeletal muscle in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuhong Zhao
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-27-8738-7480; Fax: +86-27-8728-0408
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Compensatory growth feeding strategy does not overcome negative effects on growth and carcass composition of low birth weight pigs. Animal 2014; 9:427-36. [PMID: 25385171 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114002663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the compensatory growth feeding strategy could be a suitable solution for overcoming the negative effects on growth, carcass composition and meat quality of low birth weight pigs. Forty-two Swiss Large White barrows from 21 litters were selected at weaning and categorized into either being light (L; >0.8 and <1.3 kg) or heavy (H; >1.7 kg) birth weight pigs. From 27.8 kg BW, pigs were assigned within birth weight group to one of three feeding groups: AA: ad libitum access to the grower and finisher diet, RR: restricted access to the grower and finisher diet or RA: restricted access to the grower diet and ad libitum access to the finisher diet. At slaughter, the longissimus (LM) and semitendinosus (STM) muscles were removed from the right side of the carcass. Weight, girth and length of the STM and the LM area were determined after muscle excision. Carcass characteristics and meat quality traits were assessed. Using mATPase histochemistry, myofibre size and myofibre type distribution were determined in the LM and STM. Because of longer days on feed, total feed intake was greater (P<0.01) and feed efficiency was lower (P<0.01) in L than H barrows. Regardless of the birth weight group, AA and RA barrows grew faster (P<0.05) than RR barrows. During the compensatory growth period, RA barrows grew faster (P<0.05) than AA or RR barrows. Growth efficiency did not differ between RA and RR barrows but was greater (P<0.05) compared with AA barrows. Carcasses of L barrows were fatter as indicated by the lower (P⩽≤0.05) lean meat and greater (P⩽0.02) omental and subcutaneous fat percentage. Lean meat percentage was lower (P⩽0.05) in AA and RA than RR barrows. These differences caused by ad libitum feed access tended to be greater (feeding regime × birth weight group interaction; P<0.08) in L than H barrows. In L barrows, slow oxidative, fast oxidative glycolytic and overall average myofibre size of the LM and the fast glycolytic myofibres and overall average myofibre size of the dark portion of the STM were larger (P⩽0.03) than in H barrows. The study revealed that the compensatory growth feeding strategy was inadequate in overcoming the disadvantages of low birth weight.
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Abstract
The importance of skeletal muscle for metabolic health and obesity prevention is gradually gaining recognition. As a result, interventions are being developed to increase or maintain muscle mass and metabolic function in adult and elderly populations. These interventions include exercise, hormonal and nutritional therapies. Nonetheless, growing evidence suggests that maternal malnutrition and obesity during pregnancy and lactation impede skeletal muscle development and growth in the offspring, with long-term functional consequences lasting into adult life. Here we review the role of skeletal muscle in health and obesity, providing an insight into how this tissue develops and discuss evidence that maternal obesity affects its development, growth and function into adult life. Such evidence warrants the need to develop early life interventions to optimise skeletal muscle development and growth in the offspring and thereby maximise metabolic health into adult life.
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Paredes SP, Kalbe C, Jansman AJM, Verstegen MWA, van Hees HMJ, Lösel D, Gerrits WJJ, Rehfeldt C. Predicted high-performing piglets exhibit more and larger skeletal muscle fibers. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5589-98. [PMID: 24126270 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Postnatal (muscle) growth potential in pigs depends on the total number and hypertrophy of myofibers in skeletal muscle tissue. In a previous study an algorithm was developed to predict piglet BW at the end of the nursery period (10 wk of age) on the basis of BW at birth, at weaning, and at 6 wk of age. The objective of this study was to determine whether the differences in growth performance between poor (PP) and high (HP) performing piglets could be the result of different skeletal muscle properties. Therefore, from a total of 368 piglets (offspring from Hypor sows bred to TOPIGS sires) 2 groups with a divergent growth performance were selected at 6 wk of age: HP (n = 20, predicted BW at 10 wk of age 26.8-30.9 kg) and PP (n = 20, predicted BW at 10 wk of age 16.0-22.9 kg). Piglets were euthanized at 10 wk of age, and samples of the semitendinosus muscle (STN) were collected for histochemistry and gene expression analysis using quantitative PCR (qPCR). At 10 wk of age, realized BW did not differ from predicted BW in either group (P > 0.880). The HP piglets exhibited greater ADG and ADFI from 6 to 10 wk and greater BW at birth and 6 and 10 wk of age (P ≤ 0.002) compared with the PP piglets, whereas G:F ratio was similar (P = 0.417). Superior growth performance of HP piglets was associated with a 1.27-fold higher IGF1 plasma concentration at 10 wk compared with the PP piglets (P = 0.044). The greater weight and muscle cross-sectional area of STN in HP piglets was due to a 1.20-fold increase in total muscle fiber number (TFN; P = 0.009) and 1.34-fold increase in fiber cross-sectional area (FCSA; P = 0.004) compared with the PP piglets. The number of myonuclei per red and intermediate fiber was greater in HP piglets (P ≤ 0.097), but the nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio was unaffected by the performance group (P = 0.861). The mRNA expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), paired box 7 (PAX7), myogenic factor 5 (MYF5), and myogenic differentiation factor (MYOD) did not differ between groups (P ≥ 0.327). However, IGF2-specific mRNA expression was numerically higher in the HP piglets (P = 0.101). The greater myofiber number, the higher degree of myofiber hypertrophy, and the increased muscular mRNA expression of IGF2 indicate that HP piglets exhibit a greater capacity for lean accretion and may grow faster until market weight. In summary, pigs that were selected for predicted high BW at 10 wk of age using a complex selection model had a superior muscularity in terms of greater TFN and FCSA, which may be of advantage for lean mass accretion in later life and for meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Paredes
- Nutreco Research and Development, P.O. Box 220, 5830 AE, Boxmeer, the Netherlands
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Pardo C, Müller S, Bérard J, Kreuzer M, Bee G. Importance of average litter weight and individual birth weight for early postnatal performance and myofiber characteristics of progeny. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Siengdee P, Trakooljul N, Murani E, Schwerin M, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. Transcriptional profiling and miRNA-dependent regulatory network analysis of longissimus dorsi muscle during prenatal and adult stages in two distinct pig breeds. Anim Genet 2013; 44:398-407. [PMID: 23506348 DOI: 10.1111/age.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs establish a complex regulatory network influencing diverse biological pathways including muscle development and growth. Elucidating miRNA-dependent regulatory networks involved in muscle development could provide additional insights into muscle traits largely predefined during prenatal development. The present study aimed to determine differentially expressed transcripts and functional miRNA-mRNA relationships associated with different stages of skeletal muscle development in two pig breeds, German Landrace and Pietrain, distinct in muscle characteristics. A comparative transcriptional profiling of longissimus dorsi muscle tissues from fetuses at 35, 63 and 91 days post-conception as well as adult pigs (180 days postnatum) was performed using the Affymetrix GeneChip porcine genome microarray. Differential expression patterns were identified to be associated with muscularly developmental stages and breed types. The integration of miRNA expression data and ingenuity pathways analysis (ipa) pathway analysis revealed several miRNA-dependent regulatory networks related to muscle growth and development. The present results provide insights into muscle biology for further improvement of porcine meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Siengdee
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animals Biology FBN, Research Group 'Functional Genome Analysis', Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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Effects of L-carnitine supplementation to suckling piglets on carcass and meat quality at market age. Animal 2013; 7:1191-8. [PMID: 23473237 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731113000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, carnitine supplementation to piglets during the suckling period resulted in an increased total muscle fibre number at weaning in piglets of low birth weight. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether this effect is maintained until market age and whether this would attenuate the negative consequences of low birth weight on carcass and meat quality. Using a split-plot design with litter as block, sex as whole plot and treatment as subplot, the effects of early-postnatal l-carnitine supplementation on female and castrated male piglets of low birth weight were investigated on a total of 56 German Landrace piglets from 14 litters. From days 7 to 27 of age piglets were orally supplemented once daily with 400 mg of l-carnitine dissolved in 1 ml of water or received an equal volume of water without carnitine. From weaning (day 28) until slaughter (day 166 of age) all pigs were fed standard diets. At weaning, carnitine-supplemented piglets had a twofold increased concentration of free carnitine (P < 0.001) and a lower concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0.05) in blood plasma indicating that carnitine became bioavailable and increased fatty acid utilization during the period of supplementation. Growth performance was not influenced by treatment in any growth period. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry revealed no differences in body composition between groups in weeks 12, 16 and 20 of age. LW at slaughter, carcass weight, measures of meat yield and fat accretion, as well as body composition by chemical analyses and dissection of primal cuts did not differ between treatments. No differences between control and carnitine-treated pigs in total fibre number (P = 0.85) and fibre cross-sectional area (P = 0.68) in m. semitendinosus (ST) measured at slaughter could be observed. The carnitine group tended to exhibit a smaller proportion of slow-twitch oxidative fibres (P = 0.08), a greater proportion of fast-twitch glycolytic fibres (P = 0.11), and increased specific lactate dehydrogenase activity (P = 0.09) in ST indicating a more glycolytic muscle metabolism. Compared with the controls, a lower pH24 value was observed (P = 0.05) in ST muscle of carnitine-supplemented pigs, which - in castrates only - was associated with an increased drip loss (P < 0.01). Meat quality traits in m. longissimus were not influenced by treatment. In conclusion, our hypothesis that early-postnatal carnitine supplementation to piglets of low birth weight permanently increases myofibre number and improves later carcass and meat quality could not be confirmed by this experiment.
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Hübner S, Efthymiadis A. Recent progress in histochemistry and cell biology. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 137:403-57. [PMID: 22366957 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies published in Histochemistry and Cell Biology in the year 2011 represent once more a manifest of established and newly sophisticated techniques being exploited to put tissue- and cell type-specific molecules into a functional context. The review is therefore the Histochemistry and Cell Biology's yearly intention to provide interested readers appropriate summaries of investigations touching the areas of tissue biology, developmental biology, the biology of the immune system, stem cell research, the biology of subcellular compartments, in order to put the message of such studies into natural scientific-/human- and also pathological-relevant correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hübner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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