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Moghadasi A, Yousefinejad S, Soleimani E. False positives and false negatives in benzene biological monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117836. [PMID: 38065394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Benzene is a commonly used industrial chemical that is a significant environmental pollutant. Occupational health specialists and industrial toxicologists are concerned with determining the exact amount of exposure to chemicals in the workplace. There are two main approaches to assess chemical exposure; air monitoring and biological monitoring. Air monitoring has limitations, which biological monitoring overcomes and could be used as a supplement to it. However, there are several factors that influence biological monitoring results. It would be possible to assess exposure more accurately if these factors were taken into account. This study aimed to review published papers for recognizing and discussing parameters that could affect benzene biological monitoring. Two types of effects can be distinguished: positive and negative effects. Factors causing positive effects will increase the metabolite concentration in urine more than expected. Furthermore, the parameters that decrease the urinary metabolite level were referred to as false negatives. From the papers, sixteen influential factors were extracted that might affect benzene biological monitoring results. Identified factors were clarified in terms of their nature and mechanism of action. It is also important to note that some factors influence the quantity and quality of the influence of other factors. As a result of this study, a decision-making protocol was developed for interpreting the final results of benzene biological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Moghadasi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Yousefinejad
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Esmaeel Soleimani
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Motataianu A, Serban G, Barcutean L, Balasa R. Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Synergy of Genetic and Environmental Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169339. [PMID: 36012603 PMCID: PMC9409178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a grievous neurodegenerative disease whose survival is limited to only a few years. In spite of intensive research to discover the underlying mechanisms, the results are fairly inconclusive. Multiple hypotheses have been regarded, including genetic, molecular, and cellular processes. Notably, oxidative stress has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in ALS pathogenesis. In addition to already recognized and exhaustively studied genetic mutations involved in oxidative stress production, exposure to various environmental factors (e.g., electromagnetic fields, solvents, pesticides, heavy metals) has been suggested to enhance oxidative damage. This review aims to describe the main processes influenced by the most frequent genetic mutations and environmental factors concurring in oxidative stress occurrence in ALS and the potential therapeutic molecules capable of diminishing the ALS related pro-oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Motataianu
- Department of Neurology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Georgiana Serban
- Doctoral School, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-0724-051-516
| | - Laura Barcutean
- Department of Neurology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Rodica Balasa
- Department of Neurology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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Effects Of Chronic Exposure to Paint Fumes Among Artisans in Lagos State, Nigeria. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:663-669. [PMID: 35399220 PMCID: PMC8990164 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic effects of automobile paint fumes and their volatile organic constituents form detrimental air pollution with hazardous consequences especially to paint industrial workers and the population within the vicinity. This study investigated the chronic effects of exposure to paint fumes in Mushin area of Lagos, Nigeria. Fifty artisans employed in automobile painting industries were compared with 50 control group whose work does not expose them to paint fumes. Five milliliters blood was collected and used for assessment of hematological and biochemical parameters. This was compared in artisan and unexposed control group and p value of < 0.05 indicates significant difference. In artisans, kidney function analysis showed a significant decrease in potassium (3.63 ± 0.1012 mEq/L) compared to healthy control (4.26 ± 0.1699 mEq/L, p = 0.0049), as well as bicarbonate ion concentration (23.89 ± 0.3795 vs 26.40 ± 0.3578 mmol/L respectively, p = 0.0011), however, a significant increase in creatinine level was recorded in artisans than control group (1.140 ± 0.1075 vs 0.76 ± 0.03578 mg/dL, p = 0.03); which is an indicator of renal function impairment. AST and ALT levels were significantly higher in artisans (11.44 ± 0.8190 and 8.78 ± 0.7558 U/L) compared to control group (6.83 ± 0.3086 and 6.67 ± 0.3354 U/L), respectively (p < 0.05), while ALP levels were similar. For oxidative stress parameters - CAT, MDA and protein, there was a significant increase in artisans while the corresponding GSH and SOD activities decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The results showed similar Zinc and Chromium levels in both groups but Lead was not detected in any participant. The findings of this study indicate that chronic exposure to paint fumes among automobile painting artisans may impair renal function, liver function and induce oxidative damages. Creating awareness of potential dangers and recommending use of personal protective equipment among automobile painting artisans can further decrease their exposure.ga1![]() Prolonged exposure to hazardous components of paint like heavy metals used as solvents in the paints have health implications. Chronic exposure to paint fumes in automobile artisans may impair renal, liver function, induce oxidative stress and toxicity. Implementing use of protective equipment in artisans will reduce occupational hazard and toxicity due to heavy metal exposure.
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Alses M, Alzeer S. Evaluation of some biological parameters of gasoline station attendants in Damascus, Syria. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07056. [PMID: 34041401 PMCID: PMC8144008 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gasoline is a blend of organic compounds used in internal combustion engines. gasoline station attendants (GSA) are exposed to gasoline vapours, which promotes oxidative stress through the production of ROS, which can damage biological structures with the formation of new metabolites which can be used as markers of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. This is a comparative cross-sectional study. This study aims to evaluate some biological parameters as indicators of toxicity as a result of exposure to gasoline in workers at gas stations in Damascus. Methods Blood samples were collected from GSA (n = 30) and non-exposed (NE) (n = 30) with no history of occupational exposure, and the following markers of oxidative stress were analysed: malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), catalase activity (CAT), CBC, ALT and AST. Results We have found that the levels of MDA, AOPP, CAT, RBC and Hgb in GSA were significantly higher than NE (p = 0.000, p = 0.02, p = 0.002, p = 0.018 and p = 0.015 respectively). On the other hand, there were no statistically significant (p > 0.05) in HCT, MCV, WBC, PLT, ALT and AST between the two groups. In the GSA group, there was no effect of the smoking habit and the number of years of work on biological parameters, but alcohol consumption habit had a clear effect on increasing both levels of MDA and CAT (P = 0.021 and P = 0.036 respectively), in comparison to the non-consumers of the alcohol group. The results from our study showed that chronic gasoline exposure may result in long-lasting oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the presence of statistically significant correlations between gasoline exposure and levels of biomarkers (MDA, AOPPs, Catalase activity). Conclusions the early identification of these biomarkers can be very useful to promote programs on health protection and prevention for those populations more susceptible to the adverse effects of gasoline exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alses
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Samar Alzeer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
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Abdel Maksoud HA, Elharrif MG, Mahfouz MK, Omnia MA, Abdullah MH, Eltabey ME. Biochemical study on occupational inhalation of benzene vapours in petrol station. Respir Med Case Rep 2019; 27:100836. [PMID: 31008048 PMCID: PMC6458524 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
inhalation of benzene vapours promote various and dangerous health problems. Fuel station workers are most susceptible to benzene inhalation toxicity. Samples were collected twice, at beginning of the study and 6 months later from 40 fuel station workers from different egyptian governorates and 10 control healthy volunteers. Fuel station workers were sub divided into four groups according to years working in the station. All of them are exposed to benzene vapours and exhausts during their duties, their work shifts were 8 hrs./day. Results indicated that; benzene vapours exposure induced significant increasing in serum Lead and Cadmium and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity levels. This goes with marked immunologic changes presented by decreases in immunoglobulins; IgA and IgG, along with increases in levels of IgM and IgE. Also, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased. Meanwhile, reduction in some other biochemical parameters including; Copper, Zinc and Iron micronutrients, as well as; Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) enzyme levels and Glutathione (GSH) content. Hence, the study inferred that prolonged benzene inhalation can lead to biochemical and immune disorders, probably through potentiating oxidative stress and inflammation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M K Mahfouz
- Biochemisry Department, Benha University, Egypt
| | - M A Omnia
- Biochemisry Department, Benha University, Egypt
| | - M H Abdullah
- Biochemisry Department, 6th October University, Egypt
| | - M E Eltabey
- Biochemisry Department, Benha University, Egypt
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Pajaro-Castro N, Caballero-Gallardo K, Olivero-Verbel J. Toxicity and expression of oxidative stress genes in Tribolium castaneum induced by toluene, xylene, and thinner. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 82:28-36. [PMID: 30582425 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1546245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thinner is a solvent that contains toluene, xylene, and other substances. The aim of this study was to examine the toxicity of thinner, xylene, and toluene on adult red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), as well as the effects of thinner and toluene on gene expression. The major compounds identified in the thinner with peak area >2% were p-xylene (6%), toluene (4%), 2,4-dimethylheptane (3%), methylcyclohexane (2.75%), 2-methylheptane (2%), cyclohexanone (2.6%), and nonane (2.1%). Insects were exposed to solvents at 0-240 µl/L air for 4-48 hr. Animals that survived after a 4 hr exposure to 80 µl/L air were employed to determine mRNA expression using real-time PCR. Xylene was highly toxic, and the majority of the beetles did not survive 4 hr exposure at 40 µl/L air. The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values for toluene, xylene and thinner at 48 hr exposure were 97.7, <40 and 99.8 µl/L air, respectively. Thinner and toluene induced lethargy and sluggish movement in treated insects, while with xylene these effects were not observed. Glutathione-S-transferase (Gst) gene expression increased after thinner and toluene exposure. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene expression rose after toluene exposure. These results suggest that T. castaneum provides an alternative model for the study of toxicological effects of volatile aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerlis Pajaro-Castro
- a Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zaragocilla Campus. University of Cartagena , Cartagena, Bolivar , Colombia
- b Department of Medicine , Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Group. School of Health Sciences. University of Sucre , Sincelejo, Sucre , Colombia
| | - Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- a Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zaragocilla Campus. University of Cartagena , Cartagena, Bolivar , Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- a Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zaragocilla Campus. University of Cartagena , Cartagena, Bolivar , Colombia
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Ratner MH, Jabre JF, Ewing WM, Abou-Donia M, Oliver LC. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-A case report and mechanistic review of the association with toluene and other volatile organic compounds. Am J Ind Med 2018; 61:251-260. [PMID: 29125194 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Unmasking of latent neurodegenerative disease has been reported following exposure to chemicals that share one or more mechanisms of action in common with those implicated in the specific disease. For example, unmasking of latent Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with exposure to anti-dopaminergic agents, while the progression of pre-existing mild cognitive impairment and unmasking of latent Alzheimer's disease has been associated with exposure to general anesthetic agents which promote Aβ protein aggregation. This literature review and clinical case report about a 45-year-old man with no family history of motor neuron disease who developed overt symptoms of a neuromuscular disorder in close temporal association with his unwitting occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) puts forth the hypothesis that exposure to VOCs such as toluene, which disrupt motor function and increase oxidative stress, can unmask latent ALS type neuromuscular disorder in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia H Ratner
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joe F Jabre
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Mohamed Abou-Donia
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - L Christine Oliver
- Department of Medicine (Pulmonary and Critical Care Division), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Owagboriaye FO, Dedeke GA, Ashidi JS, Aladesida AA, Olooto WE. Effect of gasoline fumes on reproductive function in male albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4309-4319. [PMID: 29181751 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the frequency of exposure to gasoline fumes and the growing incidence of infertility among humans has been a major concern and subject of discussion over the years in Nigeria. We therefore present the reproductive effect of gasoline fumes on inhalation exposure in 40 male albino rats. The rats were randomized into five experimental treatments (T) with eight rats per treatment. T1 (control) was exposed to distilled water while T2, T3, T4, and T5 were exposed to gasoline fumes in exposure chambers for 1, 3, 5, and 9 h daily respectively for 12 weeks. Serum level of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, oxidative stress markers in the testicular tissue, epididymal sperm health assessment, and testicular histopathology of the rats were used as a diagnostic marker of reproductive dysfunction. Significant (p < 0.05) alterations in the levels of all the reproductive hormones and oxidative stress markers assayed were observed in rats exposed to gasoline fume. Significant reductions (p < 0.05) in sperm count and percentage motility in the exposed rats were observed. Significant (p < 0.05) increased in abnormal sperm cells characterized by damaged head, bent tail, damaged tail, and without head were also observed in the exposed rats. Histopathologically, severe degenerative testicular architectural lesions characterized by alterations in all the generations of sperm cells and reduction of interstitial cells were seen in the exposed rats. Gasoline fume is thus said to interfere with spermatogenesis and impair fertility in male gonad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folarin O Owagboriaye
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago- Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Gabriel A Dedeke
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph S Ashidi
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago- Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adeyinka A Aladesida
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Wasiu E Olooto
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity of Long-Term Occupational Exposure to Low Levels of BTEX in Gas Station Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13121212. [PMID: 27929445 PMCID: PMC5201353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13121212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) can lead to multiple health injuries. However, what remains uncertain is the effect of long-term exposure to low levels of BTEX. Thus, we determined the BTEX levels in the air from the refueling and office areas in gas stations. Then we collected workers’ (200 refueling vs. 52 office workers) peripheral blood samples to analyze the serum total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. DNA damage was analyzed by the comet assay and micronucleus test in buccal epithelial cells. We found that the levels of BTEX in refueling areas were significantly higher than those in office areas (p < 0.001). The serum T-SOD and GSH of refueling workers were significantly lower than those in office workers (p < 0.001). By contrast, the serum MDA and 8-OHdG of refueling workers were significantly higher than those of office workers (p < 0.001, MDA; p = 0.025, 8-OHdG). Furthermore, tail and Olive tail moments in refueling workers were longer (p = 0.004, tail moment; p = 0.001, Olive tail moment), and the micronucleus rate was higher (p < 0.001) than those in office workers. Taken together, long-term exposure to low levels of BTEX may reduce the antioxidant ability and increase the risk of DNA damage in refueling workers of gas stations.
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Mohammadi AA, Jazayeri S, Khosravi-Darani K, Solati Z, Mohammadpour N, Asemi Z, Adab Z, Djalali M, Tehrani-Doost M, Hosseini M, Eghtesadi S. The effects of probiotics on mental health and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in petrochemical workers. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 19:387-395. [PMID: 25879690 DOI: 10.1179/1476830515y.0000000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine effects of probiotic yogurt and multispecies probiotic capsule supplementation on mental health and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in petrochemical workers. METHODS The present randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 70 petrochemical workers. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups to receive 100 g/day probiotic yogurt + one placebo capsule (n = 25) or one probiotic capsule daily + 100 g/day conventional yogurt (n = 25) or 100 g/day conventional yogurt + one placebo capsule (n = 20) for 6 weeks. Mental health parameters including general health questionnaire (GHQ) and depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS) scores were measured. Fasting blood samples were obtained at the beginning and 6 weeks after the intervention to quantify hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. RESULTS After 6 weeks of intervention, a significant improvement of GHQ was observed in the probiotic yogurt (18.0 ± 1.5 vs. 13.5 ± 1.9, P = 0.007) and in the probiotic capsule group (16.9 ± 1.8 vs. 9.8 ± 1.9, P = 0.001), as well as a significant improvement in DASS scores in the probiotic yogurt (23.3 ± 3.7 vs. 13.0 ± 3.7, P = 0.02) and the probiotic capsule group (18.9 ± 3.2 vs. 9.4 ± 4.0, P = 0.006). However, there was no significant improvement in the conventional yogurt group (P = 0.05 for GHQ and P = 0.08 for DASS). DISCUSSION The consumption of probiotic yogurt or a multispecies probiotic capsule had beneficial effects on mental health parameters in petrochemical workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Mohammadi
- a Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Shima Jazayeri
- a Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Kianoush Khosravi-Darani
- b Research Department of Food Technology Research , National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran
| | - Zahra Solati
- c School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Nakisa Mohammadpour
- c School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- d Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Zohre Adab
- c School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- c School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Mehdi Tehrani-Doost
- e Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- f Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Iran
| | - Shahryar Eghtesadi
- a Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Angelini S, Bermejo JL, Ravegnini G, Sammarini G, Hrelia P. Application of the lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay to populations exposed to petroleum and its derivatives: Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:58-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Neuparth T, Capela R, Pereira SPP, Moreira SM, Santos MM, Reis-Henriques MA. Toxicity effects of hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) to marine organisms: acute and chronic toxicity of p-xylene to the amphipod Gammarus locusta. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:1210-1221. [PMID: 25208661 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.921867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent focus on hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) spills preparedness and responses, much remains to be done regarding the threat posed by HNS spills on marine biota. Among the identified priority HNS, p-xylene was selected to conduct ecotoxicological assays. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the amphipod Gammarus locusta under acute and chronic exposure to p-xylene simulating conditions of a spill incident. In the acute exposure (96 h) the p-xylene LC50 was estimated. In the chronic bioassay (36 d), an integration of organism-level endpoints (survival, growth rate, and sex ratio) with biochemical markers indicative of oxidative stress including catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels was determined. The aim was to increase the xylene ecotoxicological database and better predict its impact in aquatic environments. p-Xylene induced several chronic toxicity effects in G. locusta. Significant alterations in antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation levels as well as growth rate and biased sex-ratio were observed. p-Xylene significantly affected the activities of CAT, SOD, and GST in G. locusta and produced oxidative damage by increasing levels of LPO in males. Further, impacts in key ecological endpoints, that is, growth and sex ratio, were noted that might be indicative of potential effects at the population level in a spill scenario. The present data may be useful to assist relevant bodies in preparedness and response to HNS spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Neuparth
- a CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Charão MF, Moro AM, Valentini J, Brucker N, Bubols GB, Bulcão RP, Baierle M, Freitas FA, Nascimento SN, Barth A, Linden R, Saldiva PHN, Garcia SC. Exogenous and endogenous antioxidants attenuate the lipid peroxidation in workers occupationally exposed to paints. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:69-75. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.806534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mandegary A, Sezavar M, Saeedi A, Amirheidari B, Naghibi B. Oxidative stress induced in the workers of natural gas refineries, no role for GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31:1271-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112450898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has an important role in the pathophysiology of many occupational diseases. In this controlled exposure study, the intensity of oxidative stress biomarkers was assessed in the workers of natural sweet and sour gas refineries (SwGR and SoGR, respectively) and compared with controls. In addition, the role of gluthatione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1)-null and GSTT1-null polymorphisms on the intensity of oxidative stress and liver function tests (LFTs) was investigated. Blood samples were taken and measured for lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total thiol molecules (TTMs). GSTM1- and GSTT1-null genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction. LPO was significantly ( p < 0.05) higher in the workers of SoGR. TAC was significantly lower in SwGR subjects ( p < 0.001). TTMs were significantly lower in SoGR and SwGR subjects. Among LFTs, activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase but not alkaline phosphatase were elevated significantly ( p < 0.001) in SoGR subjects. Multivariate linear regression revealed no association between studied polymorphisms, oxidative stress biomarkers, and LFTs. These results indicate that working in the SoGR and SwGR can lead to oxidative stress and abnormal LFTs. Continuous monitoring of natural gas workers for probable ongoing problems is therefore suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mandegary
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Sezavar
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - A Saeedi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - B Amirheidari
- Herbal & Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - B Naghibi
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Genotoxicity and apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster exposed to benzene, toluene and xylene: Attenuation by quercetin and curcumin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 253:14-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Uzma N, Kumar BS, Hazari MAH. Exposure to benzene induces oxidative stress, alters the immune response and expression of p53 in gasoline filling workers. Am J Ind Med 2010; 53:1264-70. [PMID: 20886531 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to benzene can lead to deleterious effects on many biological systems including blood and blood-forming organs. We investigated the adverse effects of benzene among workers occupationally exposed to benzene in India. METHODS Four hundred twenty-eight gasoline filling workers occupationally exposed to benzene and 78 unexposed individuals were recruited for this study. Benzene concentration was determined by gas chromatography, reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) method, malondialdehyde (MDA) by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay (TBARS), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) by RANSOD kit and glutathione (GSH) by 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) reaction, respectively. CD4, CD8, IgG were carried out by using fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS Calibur) and mRNA expression of p53 by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS A significant increase in the concentration of benzene and its byproducts in both blood and urine were found in the workers compared with the controls. The levels of ROS and MDA were significantly elevated, and GSH and total T-SOD were decreased in the workers compared with the controls. A statistically significant decrease in the immunoglobulin levels, CD4T cells, CD4/CD8 ratio was observed in workers (vs. controls), whereas no significant difference was observed in CD8T cells. p53 gene expression was markedly higher in workers than in controls. CONCLUSION Occupational exposure to benzene causes oxidative stress, immune suppression and increases the expression of tumor-suppressing gene p53 in gasoline filling workers. These bio-functional markers might be useful in screening and surveillance for occupational hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Uzma
- Department of Physiology, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500 058, Andhra Pradesh, India
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17
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Genotoxicity in Filling Station Attendants Exposed to Petroleum Hydrocarbons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 54:944-54. [DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/meq065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Moro AM, Charão M, Brucker N, Bulcão R, Freitas F, Guerreiro G, Baierle M, Nascimento S, Waechter F, Hirakata V, Linden R, Thiesen FV, Garcia SC. Effects of low-level exposure to xenobiotics present in paints on oxidative stress in workers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:4461-4467. [PMID: 20655097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Paints are composed of an extensive variety of hazardous substances, such as organic solvents and heavy metals. Biomonitoring is an essential tool for assessing the risk to occupational health. Thus, this study analyzed the levels of biomarkers of exposure for toluene, xylene, styrene, ethylbenzene, and lead, as well as the oxidative stress biomarker alterations in painters of an industry. Lipid peroxidation biomarker (MDA), delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D), nonprotein thyol groups, superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) were analyzed in exposed and nonexposed subjects. We estimated which of the paint constituents have the greatest influence on the changes in the biomarkers of oxidative stress in this case of co-exposure. The results demonstrated that despite the fact that all the biomarkers of exposure were below the biological exposure limits, the MDA levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were increased, while nonprotein thyol groups and ALA-D levels were decreased in painters when compared with nonexposed subjects. After statistic test, toluene could be suggested as the principal factor responsible for increased lipid peroxidation and inhibition of ALA-D enzyme; however, further studies on the inhibition of ALA-D enzyme by toluene are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Moro
- Post-graduate Program of Pharmacology, Center of Healthy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Induction of hsp70, hsp60, hsp83 and hsp26 and oxidative stress markers in benzene, toluene and xylene exposed Drosophila melanogaster: Role of ROS generation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 235:226-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Emara AM, El-Bahrawy H. Green Tea Attenuates Benzene-Induced Oxidative Stress in Pump Workers. J Immunotoxicol 2008; 5:69-80. [DOI: 10.1080/15476910802019029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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21
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Weis BK, Balshaw D, Barr JR, Brown D, Ellisman M, Lioy P, Omenn G, Potter JD, Smith MT, Sohn L, Suk WA, Sumner S, Swenberg J, Walt DR, Watkins S, Thompson C, Wilson SH. Personalized exposure assessment: promising approaches for human environmental health research. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2005; 113:840-8. [PMID: 16002370 PMCID: PMC1257643 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2004] [Accepted: 03/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
New technologies and methods for assessing human exposure to chemicals, dietary and lifestyle factors, infectious agents, and other stressors provide an opportunity to extend the range of human health investigations and advance our understanding of the relationship between environmental exposure and disease. An ad hoc Committee on Environmental Exposure Technology Development was convened to identify new technologies and methods for deriving personalized exposure measurements for application to environmental health studies. The committee identified a "toolbox" of methods for measuring external (environmental) and internal (biologic) exposure and assessing human behaviors that influence the likelihood of exposure to environmental agents. The methods use environmental sensors, geographic information systems, biologic sensors, toxicogenomics, and body burden (biologic) measurements. We discuss each of the methods in relation to current use in human health research; specific gaps in the development, validation, and application of the methods are highlighted. We also present a conceptual framework for moving these technologies into use and acceptance by the scientific community. The framework focuses on understanding complex human diseases using an integrated approach to exposure assessment to define particular exposure-disease relationships and the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in disease occurrence. Improved methods for exposure assessment will result in better means of monitoring and targeting intervention and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda K Weis
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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Korkina L, Deeva I, Ibragimova G, Shakula A, Luci A, De Luca C. Coenzyme Q10-containing composition (Immugen) protects against occupational and environmental stress in workers of the gas and oil industry. Biofactors 2003; 18:245-54. [PMID: 14695940 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520180227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The manual workers of the gas-and-oil extraction industry are exposed to hostile environmental and occupational conditions, resulting in elevated mortality and disability, due to chronic neurological and cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated the degree of oxidative stress, often associated with these pathological features, in the blood of manual and office employees of Russian Siberian extraction plants, and their psycho-physiological conditions. Results showed increased levels of spontaneous (p < 0.05) and PMA-activated (p < 0.01) luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) in the white blood cells (WBC), and decreased peroxynitrite levels (p < 0.05) in the group of manual workers, and less markedly in the clerks and technicians working on spot, vs. a control group of city clerks. Superoxide release by WBC, and plasma/WBC membrane ubiquinol levels did not display major differences in the three groups. A relevant percentage of manual/office workers of extraction platforms presented impaired cardiovascular and neurological functions. The short term administration of a nutraceutical formulation based on coenzyme10, vitamin E, selenium, methionine and phospholipids led to significant improvement of cardiovascular parameters and psycho-emotional status, consistent with the normalization of LDCL and peroxynitrite production by WBC, with a good compliance to treatment confirmed by the increased blood levels of ubiquinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Korkina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Russian State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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