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Balachandran AT, Orange ST, Wang Y, Lustin R, Vega A, Quiles N. Comparison of two popular transducers to measure sit-to-stand power in older adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308808. [PMID: 39133754 PMCID: PMC11318872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The Tendo Unit (TU) and GymAware (GA) are the two most frequently used linear transducers for assessing muscle power in older adults via the sit-to-stand (STS) test. Unlike TU, GA incorporates a sensor mechanism to correct for non-vertical movements, which may lead to systematic differences between devices. The aim of this study therefore was to compare GA to TU for measuring STS power in community-dwelling older adults. Community-dwelling adults (n = 51, aged ≥65 years, 61% female) completed a single chair stand, with peak power measured simultaneously using GA and TU. Participants also completed the pneumatic leg press, 8-Foot Up and Go (TUG) test, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and self-reported measures of physical function. Intraclass correlations (ICC) were used to assess agreement, and Pearson's correlations were used to assess correlations. The study protocol was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework. In alignment with our pre-registered hypothesis, peak power demonstrated an ICC of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.96). For secondary aims, both transducers showed a correlation greater than 0.8 compared to pneumatic leg press power. For physical performance outcomes, both TU and GA showed similar correlations, as hypothesized: SPPB (r = 0.29 for TU vs. 0.33 for GA), Chair Stands (r = -0.41 vs. -0.38), TUG Fast (r = -0.53 vs. -0.52), mobility questionnaire (r = 0.52 vs. 0.52) and physical function questionnaire (r = 0.44 vs. 0.43). GA and TU peak power showed a high degree of agreement and similar correlations with physical and self-reported performance measures, suggesting that both methods can be used for assessing STS power in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop T. Balachandran
- Department of Family, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Samuel T. Orange
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Renee Lustin
- Department of Family, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Andy Vega
- Department of Family, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Norberto Quiles
- Department of Family, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, New York, NY, United States of America
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Golan J, Thalacker-Mercer A, Hoddinott J. Feasibility, reliability, and validity of physical function tests and IADL survey questions in women living in rural, highland Ethiopia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0288828. [PMID: 38923976 PMCID: PMC11207045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical function is the physical ability to fulfill one's daily roles and responsibilities. Poor physical function is detrimental to health and income-generating activities. Unfortunately, there is a lack of validated methods to measure physical function in adult women in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia, the locus of this study. This study evaluated the feasibility, reliability, and validity of physical tests, including the sit-to-stand (STS) and usual gait speed (UGS) and a context-appropriate instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) survey. The results of the STS were used to calculate a muscle quality index (MQI, STS accounting for body mass and leg length). Feasibility was ascertained qualitatively based on reports from the enumerators on their ability to administer the tests. Reliability was assessed by comparing the results of the tests and questions between each visit using either Cohen's κ or Pearson's ρ. The validity of MQI was assessed using relevant participant characteristics such as age and self-reported disability. The validity of the IADL was assessed using MQI. Study participants comprised 316 women between the ages of 18 and 45 years, living in rural Tigray, Ethiopia, who had previously participated in an impact evaluation of a safety net program. Over a one-week period, participants completed the STS and UGS tests and responded to the IADL survey questions three times. MQI was determined to be a feasible, reliable, and valid physical function test for women in rural, highland Ethiopia. UGS lacked feasibility and reliability; validity was not ascertained. The IADL questions were feasible and reliable, but validity was inconclusive. In rural Ethiopia, the MQI will be a valuable tool to develop interventions for improving physical function, which will have positive impacts on health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Golan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna Thalacker-Mercer
- Department of Cell, Development and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - John Hoddinott
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Sánchez-Sánchez ML, Ruescas-Nicolau MA, Arnal-Gómez A, Iosa M, Pérez-Alenda S, Cortés-Amador S. Validity of an android device for assessing mobility in people with chronic stroke and hemiparesis: a cross-sectional study. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:54. [PMID: 38616288 PMCID: PMC11017601 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incorporating instrument measurements into clinical assessments can improve the accuracy of results when assessing mobility related to activities of daily living. This can assist clinicians in making evidence-based decisions. In this context, kinematic measures are considered essential for the assessment of sensorimotor recovery after stroke. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of using an Android device to evaluate kinematic data during the performance of a standardized mobility test in people with chronic stroke and hemiparesis. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study including 36 individuals with chronic stroke and hemiparesis and 33 age-matched healthy subjects. A simple smartphone attached to the lumbar spine with an elastic band was used to measure participants' kinematics during a standardized mobility test by using the inertial sensor embedded in it. This test includes postural control, walking, turning and sitting down, and standing up. Differences between stroke and non-stroke participants in the kinematic parameters obtained after data sensor processing were studied, as well as in the total execution and reaction times. Also, the relationship between the kinematic parameters and the community ambulation ability, degree of disability and functional mobility of individuals with stroke was studied. RESULTS Compared to controls, participants with chronic stroke showed a larger medial-lateral displacement (p = 0.022) in bipedal stance, a higher medial-lateral range (p < 0.001) and a lower cranio-caudal range (p = 0.024) when walking, and lower turn-to-sit power (p = 0.001), turn-to-sit jerk (p = 0.026) and sit-to-stand jerk (p = 0.001) when assessing turn-to-sit-to-stand. Medial-lateral range and total execution time significantly correlated with all the clinical tests (p < 0.005), and resulted significantly different between independent and limited community ambulation patients (p = 0.042 and p = 0.006, respectively) as well as stroke participants with significant disability or slight/moderate disability (p = 0.024 and p = 0.041, respectively). CONCLUSION This study reports a valid, single, quick and easy-to-use test for assessing kinematic parameters in chronic stroke survivors by using a standardized mobility test with a smartphone. This measurement could provide valid clinical information on reaction time and kinematic parameters of postural control and gait, which can help in planning better intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luz Sánchez-Sánchez
- Physiotherapy in Motion. Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Gascó Oliag n 5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Arantzazu Ruescas-Nicolau
- Physiotherapy in Motion. Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Gascó Oliag n 5, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Anna Arnal-Gómez
- Physiotherapy in Motion. Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Gascó Oliag n 5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marco Iosa
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Smart Lab, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofía Pérez-Alenda
- Physiotherapy in Motion. Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Gascó Oliag n 5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Cortés-Amador
- Physiotherapy in Motion. Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Gascó Oliag n 5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Mahato NK, Davis A, Simon JE, Clark BC. Assessing muscular power in older adults: evaluating the predictive capacity of the 30-second chair rise test. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1302574. [PMID: 38510571 PMCID: PMC10950899 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1302574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background: Timed chair rise tests are frequently used as a substitute for assessing leg muscle strength or power. To determine if timed chair rise tests are an indicator of lower extremity muscle power, we examined the relationship between the repetitions completed in a 30-s chair rise test and the power generated during the test. Methods: Seventy-five individuals participated in this study (n = 30 < 65 years and 45 ≥ 65 years). Participants underwent a 30-s chair rise test while instrumented with a power analyzer. Handgrip strength was also evaluated. Results: The relationship between chair rise repetitions and average chair rise power was R 2 = 0.32 (p < 0.001). Chair rise repetitions when regressed on a total (i.e., summed) chair rise power, it yielded R 2 = 0.70 with data from all participants combined (p < 0.001). A mediation analysis indicated that anthropometrics partially mediates the relationship between chair rise repetitions and total chair rise power accounting for 2.8%-6.9% of the variance. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that in older adults, the overall performance of chair rises offers limited information about the average power per rise but is more indicative of the cumulative power exerted. Thus, the total number of chair rises in a 30-s test is likely a more comprehensive metric of overall muscular power, reflecting endurance aspects as well. Additionally, we found that personal physical attributes, such as height and weight, partially influence the link between chair rise count and total power, highlighting the importance of factoring in individual body metrics in assessments of muscular performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Kumar Mahato
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alexandria Davis
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Janet E. Simon
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- School of Applied Health and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Brian C. Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States
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Rodriguez-Cobo L, Diaz-SanMartin G, Algorri JF, Fernandez-Viadero C, Lopez-Higuera JM, Cobo A. Design and Verification of Integrated Circuitry for Real-Time Frailty Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:29. [PMID: 38202891 PMCID: PMC10780560 DOI: 10.3390/s24010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a new wireless electronic circuitry to analyze weight distribution was designed and incorporated into a chair to gather data related to common human postures (sitting and standing up). These common actions have a significant impact on various motor capabilities, including gait parameters, fall risk, and information on sarcopenia. The quality of these actions lacks an absolute measurement, and currently, there is no qualitative and objective metric for it. To address this, the designed analyzer introduces variables like Smoothness and Percussion to provide more information and objectify measurements in the assessment of stand-up/sit-down actions. Both the analyzer and the proposed variables offer additional information that can objectify assessments depending on the clinical eye of the physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillermo Diaz-SanMartin
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- Department Communications Engineering, University of the Basque Country, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose Francisco Algorri
- CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Viadero
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Lopez-Higuera
- CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Adolfo Cobo
- CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
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Tateoka K, Tsuji T, Shoji T, Tokunaga S, Okura T. Relationship between Acceleration in a Sit-To-Stand Movement and Physical Function in Older Adults. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:123. [PMID: 38132494 PMCID: PMC10742784 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8060123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acceleration parameters in sit-to-stand (STS) movements are useful for measuring lower-limb function in older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between acceleration in STS movements and physical function and the test-retest reliability of acceleration parameters in older adults. We performed cross-sectional analyses on 244 older adults including 107 men (mean age: 77.4 ± 4.7) and 137 women (mean age: 75.6 ± 5.3). Four acceleration parameters were measured in STS movements: maximum acceleration (MA), maximum velocity (MV), maximum power (MP), and stand-up time (ST). Good intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC > 0.70) were observed for all parameters. For the acceleration parameters, MA, MV, and MP were relatively strongly associated with the 5-time STS test (men: r = -0.36~-0.47; women: r = -0.37~-0.45) and the timed up and go test (men: r = -0.39~0.47, women: r = -0.43~-0.51): MP was also strongly associated with grip strength (men: r = 0.48, women: r = 0.43). All acceleration parameters were poorer in participants reporting mobility limitations than in those reporting no mobility limitations. These findings support the usefulness of sensor-based STS measurement. The system is expected to be useful in various settings where care prevention is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korin Tateoka
- Doctoral Program in Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan; (T.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Takuro Shoji
- Doctoral Program in Public Health, Degree Programs in Comprehensive Human Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan; (T.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Satoshi Tokunaga
- Doctoral Program in Public Health, Degree Programs in Comprehensive Human Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan; (T.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Tomohiro Okura
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan; (T.T.); (T.O.)
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Ruiz-Cárdenas JD, Montemurro A, Del Mar Martínez-García M, Rodríguez-Juan JJ. Concurrent and discriminant validity and reliability of an Android App to assess time, velocity and power during sit-to-stand test in community-dwelling older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023:10.1007/s40520-023-02451-6. [PMID: 37306926 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, smartphones are equipped with the most sophisticated hardware which provides the opportunity to develop specific smartphone apps to analyze kinetic and kinematic parameters during sit-to-stand test in a clinical setting. The aims were to ascertain whether a new Android video-analysis based-App is comparable to the previously validated Apple-App for measuring time, velocity and power during sit-to-stand test, to determine its reliability and discriminant validity. METHODS One-hundred sixty-one older adults (61-86 years) were recruited from an elderly social center. Sit-to-stand variables were simultaneously recorded through the Android and Apple-App. Their validity and inter-rater, intra-rater, and test-retest reliability was tested using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2-1). Low gait speed (< 1.0 m/s), low physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery < 10 points), and sarcopenia (EWGSOP2 guideline) were used to determine discriminant validity which was reported as the area under the curves (AUC) and their effect sizes (Hedges' g) for independent sample t-test. RESULTS Excellent reproducibility (ICC2-1 > 0.85) and strong agreement (ICC2-1 > 0.90) between operating systems for sit-to-stand variables derived from the App was found. Older adults classified as sarcopenic (11.2%), low physical performance (15.5%), or reduced gait speed (14.3%) showed worse sit-to-stand time, velocity and power with large effect sizes (Hedges' g: > 0.8) compared to their respective counterpart. These variables showed the acceptable-to-excellent ability to identify low gait speed, low physical performance, and sarcopenic older adults (AUC-range: 0.73-0.82). CONCLUSION The new Sit-to-Stand App running on the Android operating system is comparable to the previously validated Apple App. Excellent reproducibility and acceptable-to-excellent discriminant validity were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Ruiz-Cárdenas
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Occupational Therapy, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, Guadalupe de Maciascoque, 30107, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alessio Montemurro
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Occupational Therapy, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, Guadalupe de Maciascoque, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Martínez-García
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Occupational Therapy, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, Guadalupe de Maciascoque, 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Cystic Fibrosis Association of Murcia, Av. de Las Palmeras, 37, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan J Rodríguez-Juan
- Physiotherapy Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de La Salud, 30120, Murcia, Spain
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Pedrero-Sánchez JF, Belda-Lois JM, Serra-Añó P, Mollà-Casanova S, López-Pascual J. Classification of Parkinson's disease stages with a two-stage deep neural network. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1152917. [PMID: 37333459 PMCID: PMC10272759 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1152917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. In the most advanced stages, PD produces motor dysfunction that impairs basic activities of daily living such as balance, gait, sitting, or standing. Early identification allows healthcare personnel to intervene more effectively in rehabilitation. Understanding the altered aspects and impact on the progression of the disease is important for improving the quality of life. This study proposes a two-stage neural network model for the classifying the initial stages of PD using data recorded with smartphone sensors during a modified Timed Up & Go test. Methods The proposed model consists on two stages: in the first stage, a semantic segmentation of the raw sensor signals classifies the activities included in the test and obtains biomechanical variables that are considered clinically relevant parameters for functional assessment. The second stage is a neural network with three input branches: one with the biomechanical variables, one with the spectrogram image of the sensor signals, and the third with the raw sensor signals. Results This stage employs convolutional layers and long short-term memory. The results show a mean accuracy of 99.64% for the stratified k-fold training/validation process and 100% success rate of participants in the test phase. Discussion The proposed model is capable of identifying the three initial stages of Parkinson's disease using a 2-min functional test. The test easy instrumentation requirements and short duration make it feasible for use feasible in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Manuel Belda-Lois
- Instituto de Biomecánica (IBV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (DIMM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Serra-Añó
- UBIC, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Mollà-Casanova
- UBIC, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan López-Pascual
- Instituto de Biomecánica (IBV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Vallery H, Lachmann F, van der Helm S, Pennycott A, Smit G. Design and evaluation of the pneumatic leg prosthesis ERiK to assist elderly amputees with sit-down and stand-up movements. WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 4:e16. [PMID: 38487767 PMCID: PMC10936377 DOI: 10.1017/wtc.2023.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Standing up using one leg is a challenging task for those with a transfemoral amputation, particularly for elderly users with a low activity level. Active prostheses are generally not accessible to this group and available passive prostheses do not support standing up. This article presents the design and evaluation of the "Energy Restoring Intelligent Knee" (ERiK), which stores energy during sit-down in a pneumatic cylinder and returns it during stand-up. We hypothesized that the system would reduce the time needed to perform transitions and also enable higher load sharing by the prosthetic leg. However, the results of an experimental study with seven participants with transfemoral amputation contradict these hypotheses: the participants could neither move faster nor make more use of the prosthetic leg to share their body weight during transitions. We observed that a major obstacle to the useful functionality of the leg was the absence of ankle dorsiflexion - the foot tended to slip during stand-up initiation, such that only low pre-pressures and therefore support levels could be set. The rather binary action of the pneumatics also complicated movement initiation. The lessons learned from this study may be helpful to those seeking to create better designs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Vallery
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Lachmann
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Simon van der Helm
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Pennycott
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Smit
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
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Bochicchio G, Ferrari L, Bottari A, Lucertini F, Scarton A, Pogliaghi S. Temporal, Kinematic and Kinetic Variables Derived from a Wearable 3D Inertial Sensor to Estimate Muscle Power during the 5 Sit to Stand Test in Older Individuals: A Validation Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4802. [PMID: 37430715 DOI: 10.3390/s23104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The 5-Sit-to-stand test (5STS) is widely used to estimate lower limb muscle power (MP). An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) could be used to obtain objective, accurate and automatic measures of lower limb MP. In 62 older adults (30 F, 66 ± 6 years) we compared (paired t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman analysis) IMU-based estimates of total trial time (totT), mean concentric time (McT), velocity (McV), force (McF), and MP against laboratory equipment (Lab). While significantly different, Lab vs. IMU measures of totT (8.97 ± 2.44 vs. 8.86 ± 2.45 s, p = 0.003), McV (0.35 ± 0.09 vs. 0.27 ± 0.10 m∙s-1, p < 0.001), McF (673.13 ± 146.43 vs. 653.41 ± 144.58 N, p < 0.001) and MP (233.00 ± 70.83 vs. 174.84 ± 71.16 W, p < 0.001) had a very large to extremely large correlation (r = 0.99, r = 0.93, and r = 0.97 r = 0.76 and r = 0.79, respectively, for totT, McT, McF, McV and MP). Bland-Altman analysis showed a small, significant bias and good precision for all the variables, but McT. A sensor-based 5STS evaluation appears to be a promising objective and digitalized measure of MP. This approach could offer a practical alternative to the gold standard methods used to measure MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bochicchio
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37131 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37131 Verona, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alberto Bottari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37131 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scarton
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37131 Verona, Italy
- Microgate Srl, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Silvia Pogliaghi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37131 Verona, Italy
- Research Associate Canadian Center for Activity and Ageing, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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Wright E, Chester V, Kuruganti U. Identifying the Optimal Parameters to Express the Capacity-Activity Interrelationship of Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using Wearable Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9648. [PMID: 36560016 PMCID: PMC9788492 DOI: 10.3390/s22249648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mobility is the primary indicator of quality of life among older adults. Physical capacity (PC) and physical activity (PA) are two determinants of mobility; however, PC and PA are complex constructs represented by numerous parameters. This research sought to identify the optimal parameters that may be used to represent PC and PA of older adults, while exploring the interrelationship of these two constructs. Participants were 76 community-dwelling older adults (M age = 74.05 ± 5.15 yrs.). The McRoberts MoveTest was used to objectively measure PC in the laboratory with the following tests: the Short Physical Performance Battery, the Sway test, Sit to Stands, and the Timed Up and Go. PA was then measured at home for one week using the McRoberts USB Dynaport. Correlation analyses resulted in 55% and 65% reductions of PC and PA parameters, respectively. Clustering identified five representative PC parameters and five representative PA parameters. Canonical correlation analysis identified a non-significant correlation between the two sets of parameters. A novel approach was used to define PC and PA by systematically reducing these constructs into representative parameters that provide clinically relevant information, suggesting that they are an accurate representation of one's PC and PA. A non-significant correlation between PC and PA suggests that there is no relationship between the two in this sample of community-dwelling older adults. The research provided insight into two important determinants of older adult mobility, and how they influence each other.
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12
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Chang HS, Chern JS. The effects of anterior and posterior ankle-foot orthoses on sit-to-stand transfer performance in stroke patients. Gait Posture 2022; 98:248-254. [PMID: 36201926 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonarticulated and low-temperature thermoplastic ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) have a semirigid design and are effective in improving the postural control mechanism (PCM) in individuals with poststroke hemiparesis. AFOs with an anterior leaf (AAFOs) are more often prescribed than are AFOs with a posterior leaf (PAFOs); however, the effects of AAFOs on the PCM during sit-to-stand transfer (STST) have not been explored. RESEARCH QUESTIONS Do AAFOs and PAFOs change the PCM differently during STST? METHODS A cross-sectional quasi-experimental design was adopted in this study. Fourteen individuals with poststroke hemiparesis (10 men and 4 women, aged between 38 and 71 years, stroke onset between 1 and 17 months) performed STST with shoes only, an AAFO with shoes, or a PAFO with shoes. Vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and center-of-pressure (CoP) coordinates were collected using a pressure mat to calculate PCM parameters. A single-factor repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to answer the research question. RESULTS (1) The weight-bearing percentage of the paretic leg was significantly lower when the participants wore a PAFO (p = 0.018) than when they wore an AAFO (p = 0.019) during the first 5 and 5-10 s after rising. (2) A small rate of change of the VGRF increment (dF/dT) was detected when participants wore AFOs, particularly AAFO. (3) The maximum mediolateral displacement of the CoP when standing up was significantly different among the three conditions (p = 0.012). SIGNIFICANCE For patients with poststroke hemiparesis, AAFO and PAFOs change the PCM during STST performance. Only AAFO improved the PCM possibly because of the rigidity and clearance of the heel region, which provide somatic sensory feedback. Therefore, rehabilitation professionals should educate hemiplegic patients who use AAFOs or PAFOs to perform dynamic daily tasks slowly for their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Sung Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, No.168, Zhongxing Rd., Longtan Dist, Taoyuan City 32551, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Suh Chern
- Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 129, Section 1, Heping E. Rd., Taipei City 106010, Taiwan.
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13
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Wechsler S, Kneiss J, Adams B, Wood Magee LJ. Persistent cancer-related fatigue after breast cancer treatment predicts postural sway and post-exertional changes in sit-to-stand strategy. REHABILITATION ONCOLOGY 2022; 40:162-171. [PMID: 36212795 PMCID: PMC9534381 DOI: 10.1097/01.reo.0000000000000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is considered a primary mechanism of imbalance among women diagnosed with breast cancer. Recent evidence, however, suggests that cancer-related fatigue (CRF) may also influence balance. Purpose Examine the contributions of CRF and CIPN to static and dynamic balance before and after a period of fatiguing exercise. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data examining functional differences between women with breast cancer with and without persistent CRF. Postural sway was measured during static standing and the rising phase of an instrumented sit-to-stand (ISTS) before and after exercise. Regression analyses were performed to determine how CRF and severity of CIPN predicted sway and how much variance was attributable to each. Results Greater CRF predicted increased pre-, p=.04, and post-exertional, p=.02, static sway in the anterior-posterior plane. CRF accounted for 10.5% and 9.5% of the variance in pre- and post-exertional sway (respectively) compared to the 0.9% and 1.4% accounted for by CIPN severity which was not a significant predictor. After exercise, greater CRF predicted smaller, more conservative, anterior weight shifting during the ISTS, p=.01, and accounted for 6.6% of the variance in sway compared to 3% attributed to CIPN which was not a significant predictor. Limitations This analysis is limited by its small and demographically homogenous sample. Conclusions These results suggest that CRF may influence balance independent of CIPN symptoms. While CIPN remains a risk factor for imbalance in this population, CRF warrants consideration in clinical practice and research as a mechanism of postural instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Wechsler
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, 36 1 Avenue, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | | | - Benjamin Adams
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, 36 1 Avenue, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Lisa J Wood Magee
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill MA 02647
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14
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Montemurro A, Ruiz-Cárdenas JD, Martínez-García MDM, Rodríguez-Juan JJ. Validity of an iPhone App to Detect Prefrailty and Sarcopenia Syndromes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Protocol for a Diagnostic Accuracy Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22166010. [PMID: 36015771 PMCID: PMC9416054 DOI: 10.3390/s22166010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Prefrailty and sarcopenia in combination are more predictive of mortality than either condition alone. Early detection of these syndromes determines the prognosis of health-related adverse events since both conditions can be reversed through appropriate interventions. Nowadays, there is a lack of cheap, portable, rapid, and easy-to-use tools for detecting prefrailty and sarcopenia in combination. The aim of this study is to validate an iPhone App to detect prefrailty and sarcopenia syndromes in community-dwelling older adults. A diagnostic test accuracy study will include at least 400 participants aged 60 or over without cognitive impairment and physical disability recruited from elderly social centers of Murcia (Spain). Sit-to-stand muscle power measured through a slow-motion video analysis mobile application will be considered as the index test in combination with muscle mass (calf circumference or upper mid-arm circumference). Frailty syndrome (Fried's Phenotype) and sarcopenia (EWGSOP2) will both be considered as reference standards. Sensibility, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and likelihood ratios will be calculated as well as the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic. This mobile application will add the benefit for screening large populations in short time periods within a field-based setting, where space and technology are often constrained (NCT05148351).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Montemurro
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan D. Ruiz-Cárdenas
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - María del Mar Martínez-García
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Cystic Fibrosis Association of Murcia, Av. de las Palmeras, 37, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan J. Rodríguez-Juan
- Physiotherapy Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Weiler HA, Hazell TJ, Majnemer A, Vanstone CA, Gallo S, Rodd CJ. Vitamin D supplementation and gross motor development: A 3-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Early Hum Dev 2022; 171:105615. [PMID: 35777122 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D status during pregnancy, early childhood and season-at-birth are implicated in gross motor development (GMD). AIM To test whether vitamin D intake in infancy and season-at-birth affect GMD in early childhood. STUDY DESIGN 3-year follow up study of a single-center trial. SUBJECTS Healthy infants (n = 116) were allocated to 400 (standard-of-care), 800 or 1200 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplementation from 1 to 12 months; n = 70 returned for follow-up at 3-years. OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome was GMD using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 which includes gross motor quotient (GMQ) and stationary, locomotion and object manipulation subtests. RESULTS GMQ scores were normal (≥85) in 94 %. An interaction between dosage group and season-at-birth (p = 0.01) was observed for GMQ and stationary standardized score; among winter/spring born children, the 1200 IU/d scored higher vs. 400 and 800 IU/d groups. Object manipulation standardized score was higher (p = 0.04) in children in the 1200 vs. 400 IU/d group, without interaction with season-at-birth. CONCLUSIONS GMD in young children who received 400 IU/d of supplemental vitamin D in infancy is not influenced by season-at-birth. This dose of vitamin D of 400 IU/d as recommended in North America adequately supports GMD. The modest enhancement in GMD with 1200 IU/d in winter/spring born children requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada; Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Tom J Hazell
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Annette Majnemer
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sina Gallo
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada; Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Celia J Rodd
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Pedrero-Sánchez JF, Belda-Lois JM, Serra-Añó P, Inglés M, López-Pascual J. Classification of healthy, Alzheimer and Parkinson populations with a multi-branch neural network. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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TUG-10: A Modification of the Timed Up and Go Test for Aerobic Assessment in Older Adults. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/cpt.0000000000000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Kera T, Kawai H, Takahashi J, Hirano H, Watanabe Y, Fujiwara Y, Ihara K, Kim H, Obuchi S. Development of a screening formula for sarcopenia using ground reaction force during sit-to-stand motion. Gait Posture 2022; 93:177-182. [PMID: 35180686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ground reaction force during sit-to-stand motion is related to lower extremity strength, and such measurements indicating weak muscle strength, may be linked to sarcopenia. We aimed to examine and describe the relationship between sarcopenia and ground reaction force during sit-to-stand motion to develop a diagnostic tool. RESEARCH QUESTION Can ground reaction force during sit-to-stand motion help detect sarcopenia? METHODS This study included 627 community-dwelling older adults who were divided into non-sarcopenia and sarcopenia groups to compare ground reaction force parameters. A sit-to-stand force analyzer was used to measure the ground reaction force, power, and time between the minimum and maximum ground reaction force. We assessed the association between sarcopenia and each ground reaction force parameter. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed with sarcopenia as the dependent variable and ground reaction force-related measurements as independent variables. The probability of predicting sarcopenia was calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis, with sex and age as independent variables, and another receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed using the probability value. RESULTS Ground reaction force parameters related to strength and power were lower in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group. Furthermore, we were able to develop a formula to detect sarcopenia using the maximum ground reaction force (area under the curve; 0.906 [95% CI 0.858-0.954] for men and 0.858 [0.808-0.908] for women). The sensitivity and specificity of sarcopenia detection using this formula were 89.7% and 80.5%, respectively, for men and 95.0% and 60.9%, respectively, for women. SIGNIFICANCE Ground reaction force during sit-to-stand motion may reflect low skeletal muscle strength associated with sarcopenia. We were able to develop a method for sarcopenia detection by analyzing the sit-to-stand force required in only one or two sit-to-stand motions, even though it does not measure the skeletal muscle mass directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kera
- Department of Physical Therapy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Gunma, Japan; Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Junta Takahashi
- The Tokyo Metropolitan Support Center for Promotion of Preventive Care, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Watanabe
- Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan.
| | - Hunkyung Kim
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Assessment of Thigh Angular Velocity by an Activity Monitor to Describe Sit-to-Stand Performance. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041405. [PMID: 35214307 PMCID: PMC8962967 DOI: 10.3390/s22041405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of sit-to-stand (STS) performance is highly relevant, especially in older persons, but testing STS performance in the laboratory does not necessarily reflect STS performance in daily life. Therefore, the aim was to validate a wearable sensor-based measure to be used under unsupervised daily life conditions. Since thigh orientation from horizontal to vertical is characteristic for STS movement, peak angular velocity (PAV) of the thigh was chosen as the outcome variable. A total of 20 younger and older healthy persons and geriatric patients (mean age: 55.5 ± 20.8 years; 55% women) with a wide range of STS performance were instructed to stand up from a chair at their usual pace. STS performance was measured by an activity monitor, force plates, and an opto-electronic system. The association between PAV measured by the thigh-worn activity monitor and PAV measured by the opto-electronic system (gold standard) was r = 0.74. The association between PAV measured by the thigh-worn activity monitor and peak power measured by force plate and opto-electronic system was r = 0.76. The Intra-Class Coefficient (ICC) of agreement between the 2 trials was ICC(A,1) = 0.76. In this sample of persons with a wide range of physical performance, PAV as measured by a thigh-worn acceleration sensor was a valid and reliable measure of STS performance.
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20
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Fabrica G, Biancardi CM. Commentary: The sit-to-stand muscle power test: An easy, inexpensive and portable procedure to assess muscle power in older people. Exp Gerontol 2021; 158:111652. [PMID: 34952150 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Fabrica
- Departamento de Biofisica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlo M Biancardi
- LIBiAM Biomechanics Lab., Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de la República, Florida 1065, 60000 Paysandú, Uruguay.
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Comparison of available equations to estimate sit-to-stand muscle power and their association with gait speed and frailty in older people: Practical applications for the 5-rep sit-to-stand test. Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111619. [PMID: 34740814 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed i) to compare relative sit-to-stand power (STSrel) values yielded by the different equations reported in the literature; ii) to examine the associations between STSrel, derived from the equations, and age, sex, frailty and habitual gait speed (HGS); and iii) to compare the ability of the different STSrel equations to detect frailty and low HGS in older adults. METHODS 1568 participants (>65 years) were included. STSrel was calculated according to four validated equations. Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Trait Scale and HGS as the time to complete 3 m. ANOVA tests, regression analyses and receiver operator characteristic curves were used. RESULTS There were significant differences among the STSrel values yielded by all the equations, which were higher in men compared to women and negatively associated with age (r = -0.21 to -0.37). STSrel was positively and negative associated to HGS and frailty, respectively, in both men (r = 0.29 to 0.36 and r = -0.18 to -0.45) and women (r = 0.23 to 0.45 and r = -0.09 to -0.57) regardless of the equation used. Area under the curve values varied between 0.68 and 0.80 for Alcazar's, 0.67-0.80 for Ruiz-Cárdenas's, 0.51-0.65 for Smith's, and 0.68-0.80 for Takai's equations. Low STSrel indicated an increased probability of having both low HGS and frailty (OR [95%CI] = 1.6 to 4.5 [1.21 to 5.79]) for all equations with the exception of Smith's equations for frailty in women. CONCLUSIONS All the equations presented adequate criterion validity, however, the Alcazar's equation showed the highest level of clinical relevance according to its ability to identify older people with frailty and low HGS.
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22
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Sit-to-Stand Power Across the Lifespan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:678-688. [PMID: 34706338 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lower-body power measured by a linear position transducer during the sit-to-stand (STS) movement declines with age and may be a predictor of physical disability in older adults. The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for STS power across the lifespan and to determine if differences exist between age cohorts, sexes, and age cohort-sex subgroups. Adults (N = 557) aged 18-89 were divided into five age cohorts and performed the STS connected to a linear position transducer, which calculated power and velocity during the movement. Significantly lower (p < .01) velocity was observed in a younger age cohort in females than males, whereas males saw a significant average power decrement (p < .01) in a younger age cohort than females. STS power norms give clinicians a metric predicting physical disability and may be of particular interest to males as their power production begins to decline at an earlier age.
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Wenxia X, Yu B, Cheng L, Li Y, Cao X. Multi-fuzzy Sarsa learning-based sit-to-stand motion control for walking-support assistive robot. INT J ADV ROBOT SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/17298814211050190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sit-to-stand transfer is a very common and critical movement of daily life in elderly individuals, especially independent elderly individuals. However, most assistive robots do not have a sit-to-stand transfer function. In this article, a multi-fuzzy Sarsa learning-based sit-to-stand motion control method for walking-support assistive robot was proposed. First, the mechanical design of walking-support assistive and sit-to-stand transfer motion control problems were introduced. Then, the fuzzy Sarsa learning method, which is a model-free algorithm, was used to design the motion control algorithm for the human–robot system. To realize natural and intuitive sit-to-stand transfer movement for a human–robot system, the interactive force between the robot and human and the error position between the real-time center of mass and reference center of mass were state variables of the proposed fuzzy Sarsa learning-based sit-to-stand motion control algorithm. Considering the computing efficiency of the controller, a multi-fuzzy Sarsa learning -based motion control algorithm was developed to realize natural sit-to-stand transfer motion. Finally, the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wenxia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Baocheng Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Xuan Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Hubei, China
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Validity of a simple sit-to-stand method for assessing force-velocity profile in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111595. [PMID: 34673170 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower limb muscle strength is an important determinant of physical function in older adults. However, its measure in clinical settings is limited because of the requirement for large-scale and costly equipment. A new simple protocol based on sit-to-stand test (STS) is developed to measure force velocity (F-v) and power velocity (P-v) profile in the community-dwelling older adults. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the validity of this new methodology for measuring F-v and P-v profile compared to the gold standard isokinetic BIODEX. PARTICIPANTS 46 older people aged 65-85 years (M = 73.7; SD = 7.7). METHODS F-v and P-v profiles were assessed in participants on their dominant leg. The concurrent validity of STS was tested using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Passing Bablok: maximal power output Pmax, optimal velocity and force Vopt and Fopt, maximal force at null velocity F0, maximal unloaded velocity V0 and coefficient of F-v (SFV) and P-v equation (a_poly, b_poly). RESULTS No proportional difference for F0 and b_poly and a low significant correlation for Pmax (r = 0.314), Sfv (r = 0.229), a_poly (r = 0.335) and b_poly (r = 0.226) whereas the other parameters were non correlated significantly. CONCLUSION STS method is moderately reliable on force and power parameters whereas further improvements are needing for velocity parameters. However, its feasibility, portability and lower cost compared to other methods makes it very affordable in clinical context and will allow easy investigation of aging population.
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Experimental study on sit-to-stand (STS) movement: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT ROBOTICS AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41315-021-00188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Baltasar-Fernandez I, Alcazar J, Rodriguez-Lopez C, Losa-Reyna J, Alonso-Seco M, Ara I, Alegre LM. Sit-to-stand muscle power test: Comparison between estimated and force plate-derived mechanical power and their association with physical function in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2020; 145:111213. [PMID: 33340686 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed i) to assess the assumptions made in the sit-to-stand (STS) muscle power test [body mass accelerated during the ascending phase (90% of total body mass), leg length (50% of total body height) and concentric phase (50% of total STS time)], ii) to compare force plate-derived (FPD) STS power values with those derived from the STS muscle power test; and iii) to analyze the relationships of both measurements with physical function. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty community-dwelling older adults (71.3 ± 4.4 years) participated in the present investigation. FPD STS power was calculated as the product of measured force (force platform) and velocity [difference between leg length (DXA scan) and chair height, divided by time (obtained from FPD data and video analysis)], and compared to estimated STS power using the STS muscle power test. Physical function was assessed by the timed-up-and-go (TUG) velocity, habitual gait speed (HGS) and maximal gait speed (MGS). Paired t-tests, Bland-Altman plots and regressions analyses were conducted. RESULTS Body mass accelerated during the STS phase was 85.1 ± 3.8% (p < 0.05; compared to assumed 90%), leg length was 50.7 ± 1.3% of body height (p < 0.05; compared to 50%), and measured concentric time was 50.3 ± 4.6% of one STS repetition (p > 0.05; compared to assumed 50%). There were no significant differences between FPD and estimated STS power values (mean difference [95% CI] = 6.4 W [-68.5 to 81.6 W]; p = 0.251). Both FPD and estimated relative (i.e. normalized to body mass) STS power were significantly related to each other (r = 0.95 and ICC = 0.95; p < 0.05) and to MGS and TUG velocity after adjusting for age and sex (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Estimated STS power was not different from FPD STS power and both measures were strongly related to each other and to maximal physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Baltasar-Fernandez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julian Alcazar
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Losa-Reyna
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain.
| | - María Alonso-Seco
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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Balachandran AT, Vigotsky AD, Quiles N, Mokkink LB, Belio MA, Glenn JM. Validity, reliability, and measurement error of a sit-to-stand power test in older adults: A pre-registered study. Exp Gerontol 2020; 145:111202. [PMID: 33347922 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lower body power declines with age and is associated with decreased physical function in older adults. However, the majority of the tools available to measure power are expensive and require considerable space and expertise to operate. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity, reliability, and measurement error of a sit-to-stand power test (STSp) to assess lower body power. METHODS 51 community-dwelling adults, 65 years or older, completed a power test using a pneumatic leg press (LP), the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) that includes a test of balance, usual walking speed, and chair stand tests; Timed Up and Go (TUG) test at both usual and fast paces, and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). A two-week test-retest assessed the reliability in 36 participants. The study hypotheses and analysis were pre-registered prior to data collection and statistical analyses were blinded. RESULTS The mean age was 71.3 years, with 63% females, and an average SPPB score of 10.6 (median = 12). STSp peak power was strongly correlated with LP (r = 0.90, 95% CI (0.82, 0.94). As hypothesized, the STSp peak power showed similar or higher correlations with physical function tests relative to LP peak power: SPPB (0.41 vs. 0.29), chair stand test (-0.44 vs. -0.35), TUG test at usual pace (-0.37 vs. -0.29) and fast pace (-0.41 vs. -0.34) and balance (0.33 vs. 0.22), but not for mobility (0.34 vs. 0.38) and function (0.41 vs. 0.48) questionnaire. For discriminant validity, as hypothesized, males showed higher STSp peak power compared to females (Δ = 492 W, p < .001, Cohen's d = 2.0). Test-retest assessment yielded an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.96 and a standard error of measurement of 70.4 W. No adverse events were reported or observed for both tests. CONCLUSION The STSp showed adequate validity and reliability in measuring lower body power in community-dwelling older adults. The test is quick, relatively inexpensive, safe, and portable and thus should be considered for use in aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop T Balachandran
- Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States of America.
| | - Andrew D Vigotsky
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Norberto Quiles
- Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States of America
| | - Lidwine B Mokkink
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark A Belio
- Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States of America
| | - Jordan McKenzie Glenn
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America; Neurotrack Technologies, 399 Bradford St., Redwood City, CA, United States of America
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Trivedi P, Gilbert R, Dechman G. Appraising the Validity of Tools to Measure Multijoint Leg Power: A Systematic Review. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2020; 3:100099. [PMID: 33778473 PMCID: PMC7984978 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2020.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To critically appraise the validity of tools used to measure maximum multijoint leg extension power in older individuals. Data Sources A systematic literature search was performed in 5 electronic databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDISCUS, and PEDRO from inception and without limits on the year of publication. Secondary searches included hand searching of the reference lists. Study Selection One author performed all the searches and identified relevant studies. A second author repeated the search to ensure that no articles were overlooked. Only studies that measured multijoint leg extension power were included. Those that used jump tests on force plates were excluded. Forty-five studies were identified that used 3 different tools. Three of these studies addressed the validity of the instruments and were included in the analyses performed by all the authors. Decisions made by consensus. Data Extraction Critical analyses were based on the reference instrument used, reproducibility of methods, appropriateness of the statistical analysis, commercial availability of the tool, and potential conflicts of interests, including financial support. Decisions regarding the data analyses were made by consensus among all authors. Data Synthesis We identified 3 tools all of which simulated recumbent bicycles. Two of the 3 identified tools are not commercially available. Each of the 3 included studies used correlational analysis to determine the validity of their tool, which does not describe the accuracy of the measured power in comparison to the reference standard. Conclusion We were unable to identify a validated tool that measured maximum multijoint leg extension power that was appropriate for older individuals. Future research should address this important gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Trivedi
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Robert Gilbert
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Gail Dechman
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
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Kato T, Sekiguchi Y, Honda K, Izumi SI, Kanetaka H. Comparison of handrail reaction forces between two different handrails during sit-to-stand movement in the elderly. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 80:105130. [PMID: 32745704 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The handrail is an effective means of assisting sit-to-stand movements. As some elderly people need force to support their body during sit-to-stand movements because of instability and weakness; however, few handrails are specifically shaped to generate more force and support the body. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a newly designed curved-angled handrail on the reaction force during sit-to-stand movements in the elderly. METHODS Twenty-one elderly subjects (age range, 72-84 years) participated in the study. They performed sit-to-stand movements using a conventional vertical handrail and then the curved-angled handrail five times each. For each subject, body coordinate data were acquired and the handrail reaction force was measured using motion analysis and load sensors on the handrail. FINDINGS The reaction forces generated in the anterior-posterior and upward-downward directions during sit-to-stand movements using the curved-angled handrail were significantly greater than those generated using the conventional vertical handrail (p < .001). INTERPRETATION Compared with using the conventional vertical handrail, using the curved-angled handrail enhances the generated force during sit-to-stand movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Kato
- Department of Research and Development, TOTO LTD., 2-8-1 Honson, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-8577, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Sekiguchi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Keita Honda
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Izumi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Kanetaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
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Alcazar J, Kamper RS, Aagaard P, Haddock B, Prescott E, Ara I, Suetta C. Relation between leg extension power and 30-s sit-to-stand muscle power in older adults: validation and translation to functional performance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16337. [PMID: 33004970 PMCID: PMC7529789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the validity and functional relevance of a standardized procedure to assess lower limb muscle power by means of the 30-s sit-to-stand (STS) test when compared to leg extension power (LEP), traditional STS performance and handgrip strength. A total of 628 community-dwelling older subjects (60-93 years) from the Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study were included. Physical performance was assessed by the 30-s STS and 10-m maximal gait speed tests. Handgrip strength and LEP were recorded by a hand-held dynamometer and the Nottingham power rig, respectively. STS muscle power was calculated using the subjects' body mass and height, chair height and the number of repetitions completed in the 30-s STS test. We found a small albeit significant difference between LEP and unilateral STS power in older men (245.5 ± 88.8 vs. 223.4 ± 81.4 W; ES = 0.26; p < 0.05), but not in older women (135.9 ± 51.9 vs. 138.5 ± 49.6 W; ES = 0.05; p > 0.05). Notably, a large positive correlation was observed between both measures (r = 0.75; p < 0.001). Relative STS power was more strongly related with maximal gait speed than handgrip strength, repetition-based STS performance and relative LEP after adjusting for age (r = 0.53 vs 0.35-0.45; p < 0.05). In conclusion, STS power obtained from the 30-s STS test appeared to provide a valid measure of bilateral lower limb power and was more strongly related with physical performance than maximal handgrip strength, repetition-based STS performance and LEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Alcazar
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke S Kamper
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bryan Haddock
- Department Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,CopenAge - Copenhagen Center for Clinical Age Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Kera T, Kawai H, Takahashi J, Hirano H, Watanabe Y, Fujiwara Y, Ihara K, Kim H, Obuchi S. Association between ground reaction force in sit-to-stand motion and falls in community-dwelling older Japanese individuals. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 91:104221. [PMID: 32810735 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ground reaction force (GRF) during sit-to-stand motion is associated with lower extremity strength and balance function. The relationship between GRF and experience of falls has been reported; however, there are no reports on whether GRF can predict the incidence of future falls. We aimed to evaluate the ability of GRF to predict falls and compare GRF with existing predictors. METHODS This prospective observational cohort study enrolled 456 community-dwelling older adults living in Itabashi ward who participated in health check-ups in 2016 and 2017. Participants' physical and cognitive functions were assessed, and the maximum GRF (F), F/weight (F/W), rate of force development (RFD), RFD/W (RFD/weight), and time taken to stand up were evaluated. The following year, participants were asked to report the number of falls during the year. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to analyze the relationship between the lowest quintile of each GRF parameter as a predictive factor for falling and assess the annual incidence of falls. RESULTS Twenty-three participants reported having two or more falls in the previous year. Of all GRF parameters evaluated, only F/W was lower in the fallers than in the non-fallers. After adjusting for sex, age, lifestyle, and comorbidities, F/W was associated with falls in 1 year, and the lowest F/W group had higher risks of falls than the highest F/W group (hazard ratio 2.72, 95 % confidence interval 1.11-6.68). Other measures were not associated with falls. CONCLUSIONS GRF during the sit-to-stand motion might predict the incidence of future falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kera
- Department of Physical Therapy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Gunma, Japan; Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Junta Takahashi
- The Tokyo Metropolitan Support Center for Promotion of Preventive Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Watanabe
- Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan.
| | - Hunkyung Kim
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Smith TM, Hester GM, Ha PL, Olmos AA, Stratton MT, VanDusseldorp TA, Feito Y, Dalton BE. Sit-to-Stand Kinetics and Correlates of Performance in Young and Older Males. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 91:104215. [PMID: 32763756 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare sit-to-stand (STS) kinetics in young (YM) and older (OM) males and determine correlates of STS performance. METHODS YM (n = 15, age = 20.7 ± 2.2 yrs) and OM (n = 15, age = 71.6 ± 3.9 yrs) performed a single STS task as quickly as possible on a force plate and the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) signal was analyzed. Peak VGRF, as well as peak (100 ms rolling average), early (minimum VGRF to 50% peak VGRF), late (50% peak VGRF to peak VGRF), and overall (minimum VGRF to peak VGRF) rate of force development (RFD) were calculated. Power (absolute and relative) and velocity parameters as well as rate of electromyography rise (RER) were also obtained. RESULTS STS time, average power, early RFD, and lower limb lean mass were similar between groups (p > 0.05). All other power, velocity, RFD, and RER measures were lower in OM (p < 0.05; d = 0.41-2.19). Peak VGRF and all RFD measures, except late RFD, were strongly correlated with STS performance in OM, while peak VGRF and peak RFD were only moderately correlated with performance in YM. CONCLUSIONS Most kinetic variables, except absolute average power, were diminished in OM, and there was a preferential decrease in late RFD compared to early RFD. Peak VGRF and RFD exhibited stronger correlations with STS time and power in OM compared to YM, and early RFD appears to be more influential for STS performance than late RFD. These findings may be useful for practitioners/clinicians involved in designing interventions aimed at optimizing STS performance in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Garrett M Hester
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States.
| | - Phuong L Ha
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Alex A Olmos
- Department of Kinesiology and Wellness, Georgia Highlands College, Cartersville, GA, 30121, United States
| | - Matthew T Stratton
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States
| | - Trisha A VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Yuri Feito
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Benjamin E Dalton
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
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Serra-Añó P, Pedrero-Sánchez JF, Inglés M, Aguilar-Rodríguez M, Vargas-Villanueva I, López-Pascual J. Assessment of Functional Activities in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease Using a Simple and Reliable Smartphone-Based Procedure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114123. [PMID: 32527031 PMCID: PMC7312659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to functional impairment. In order to monitor the progression of the disease and to implement individualized therapeutic approaches, functional assessments are paramount. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of PD on balance, gait, turn-to-sit and sit-to-stand by means of a single short-duration reliable test using a single inertial measurement unit embedded in a smartphone device. Study participants included 29 individuals with mild-to moderate PD (PG) and 31 age-matched healthy counterparts (CG). Functional assessment with FallSkip® included postural control (i.e., Medial-Lateral (ML) and Anterior-Posterior (AP) displacements), gait (Vertical (V) and Medial-Lateral (ML) ranges), turn-to-sit (time) and sit-to-stand (power) tests, total time and gait reaction time. Our results disclosed a reliable procedure (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.58–0.92). PG displayed significantly larger ML and AP displacements during the postural test, a decrease in ML range while walking and a longer time needed to perform the turn-to-sit task than CG (p < 0.05). No differences between groups were found for V range, sit-to-stand test, total time and reaction time (p > 0.05). In conclusion, people with mild-to-moderate PD exhibit impaired postural control, altered gait strategy and slower turn-to-sit performance than age-matched healthy people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Serra-Añó
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia de la Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain; (P.S.-A.); (M.A.-R.); (I.V.-V.)
| | - José Francisco Pedrero-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46021 València, Spain; (J.F.P.-S.); (J.L.-P.)
| | - Marta Inglés
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia de la Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain; (P.S.-A.); (M.A.-R.); (I.V.-V.)
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES-ISCIII), Fundación Investigación del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), 46010 València, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Aguilar-Rodríguez
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia de la Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain; (P.S.-A.); (M.A.-R.); (I.V.-V.)
| | - Ismael Vargas-Villanueva
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia de la Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain; (P.S.-A.); (M.A.-R.); (I.V.-V.)
| | - Juan López-Pascual
- Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46021 València, Spain; (J.F.P.-S.); (J.L.-P.)
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Sekiguchi Y, Honda K, Phakdepiboon T, Jinde M, Kato T, Kanetaka H, Izumi SI. Effects of shelf bar assistance on kinetic control during sit-to-stand in healthy young and elderly subjects. J Biomech 2020; 106:109822. [PMID: 32517993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the kinetic effects of using unilateral shelf bar, vertical grab bar (GB), and horizontal GB during sit-to-stand (STS) in young and elderly subjects. Twenty young adults aged 20-40 years and eighteen healthy elderly people aged ≥ 65 years old were recruited. The subjects performed STS with and without using the three types of bars. Bar reaction force (BRF) and maximum power (MP) defined as the maximal product calculated by multiplying the GRF and the velocity of the center of mass in each direction were measured using three-dimensional motion analysis, two load sensors of GB, and four force plates. The use of the shelf bar generated a significantly larger BRF in the vertical direction than the other bars (p < 0.05) and lower MP in the vertical direction than the horizontal bar (p < 0.05) and no bar (p < 0.05). In the younger subjects, only the use of the vertical bar generated a significantly larger BRF (p < 0.05) and negative MP (p < 0.05) in the forward direction than those in elderly subjects. The use of the shelf bar may assist the decreased MP in the vertical direction during STS in elderly people, resulting in decrease of failed STS in daily living. In contrast, the use of the vertical bar in the elderly may not generate sufficient BRF in the forward direction because of lack of eccentric control in the whole body in the forward direction during STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sekiguchi
- Dept of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Keita Honda
- Dept of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Thitiporn Phakdepiboon
- Dept of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Mao Jinde
- Dept of Research and Development, Toto Ltd, 2-8-1 Motomura, Chigasaki, Japan.
| | - Tomohisa Kato
- Dept of Research and Development, Toto Ltd, 2-8-1 Motomura, Chigasaki, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Kanetaka
- Laison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Izumi
- Dept of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan.
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Sherwood JJ, Inouye C, Webb SL, O J. Reliability and Validity of the Sit-to-Stand as a Muscular Power Measure in Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:455-466. [PMID: 31810060 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The study aims were to analyze the reliability and validity of the GymAware™ linear position transducer's velocity and power measures during the sit-to-stand, compared with the Dartfish 2D videography analysis, and to assess the relationship of age and handgrip strength with velocity and power in 48 older men and women (77.6 ± 11.1 years). The results showed excellent agreement between GymAware- and Dartfish-derived sit-to-stand velocity (intraclass correlation coefficient2-1 = .94 and power intraclass correlation coefficient2-1 = .98) measures. A moderate and negative relationship was found between age and velocity (r = -.62; p < .001) and age and power (r = -.63; p < .001). A moderate and positive relationship was found between handgrip strength and velocity (r = .43; p = .002) and handgrip strength and power (r = .54; p < .001). The results show the GymAware velocity and power measures during the sit-to-stand in older adults to be reliable and valid.
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Orange ST, Metcalfe JW, Liefeith A, Jordan AR. Validity of various portable devices to measure sit-to-stand velocity and power in older adults. Gait Posture 2020; 76:409-414. [PMID: 31945676 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement velocity and power in a single STS are related to functional performance in older adults. Identifying accessible tools that provide valid measures of STS velocity/power would allow practitioners to evaluate physical function in clinical settings where time, space and finances are limited. RESEARCH QUESTION Does a linear position transducer (LPT), iPhone application (App), and inertial measurement unit (IMU) obtain valid measurements of velocity and power during a single STS compared with 3D motion capture? METHODS Twenty-seven community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years completed a single STS test with mean velocity and power simultaneously measured with 3D motion capture, an LPT, IMU and App. Acceptable validity was established if the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was very high (≥0.7) and bias as a standardised effect size (ES) was small (<0.6). The relationship between STS velocity/power and 30s chair STS performance was also evaluated. RESULTS Measures of STS velocity obtained by the LPT (r = 0.94, ES = -0.21) and App (r = 0.89, ES = -0.19) were very highly valid when compared to 3D motion capture, and were very strongly related to 30s STS performance (r ≥0.74). The LPT (r = 0.87, ES = 0.13) and App (r = 0.74, ES = -0.12) also showed very high correlations and negligible bias for measuring STS power. Data collected by the IMU failed to meet our pre-determined threshold of acceptable validity for STS velocity (r = 0.72, ES = 1.00) or power (r = 0.61, ES = 0.34). SIGNIFICANCE The LPT and iPhone App, but not the IMU, are valid tools for measuring STS velocity and power in community-dwelling older adults. Clinicians can use STS velocity obtained by either the LPT or App as a simple and valid proxy for functional status, which could help identify patients at high-risk of incident disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Orange
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - James W Metcalfe
- Sport, Health and Exercise Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Hull, UK
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Sousa-Gonçalves CR, Tringali G, Tamini S, De Micheli R, Soranna D, Taiar R, Sá-Caputo D, Moreira-Marconi E, Paineiras-Domingos L, Bernardo-Filho M, Sartorio A. Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Alone or in Combination With Maximal Voluntary Contractions on Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Obese Male Adolescents. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819890492. [PMID: 31839756 PMCID: PMC6904781 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819890492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal and neuromotor fitness (MSMF) is reduced in obesity. Physical
exercise (including whole-body vibration exercise [WBVE]) is reported to improve
components related to MSMF. The aim of the study is to evaluate the acute
effects of WBVE and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), alone and in
combination, on the cardiorespiratory and MSMF in obese adolescents. Eight obese
adolescents performed 3 tests (WBVE, MVC, and MVC + WBVE) in different days and
randomly. The outcome measures were diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic
blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), peripheral
oxygen saturation (SpO2), handgrip strength (HS), one-leg standing
balance (OLSB) test, sit-and-reach (SR) test, stair climbing test (time:
TSCT and power: PSCT), and sit-to-stand test (time: TSTSand power: PSTS). No significant changes were observed in SBP, DBP, MAP, and
SpO2 after the 3 tests, only an HR increase being observed after
MVC + WBVE (P < .01) and MVC alone (P <
.05). No significant differences were found in HS, OLSB, TSTS, and PSTS after the 3 different sessions. An increase in SR was found after
MVC + WBVE, MVC, and WBVE (P < .01, P <
.05, and P < .01, respectively), while a decrease in
TSCT (P < .01) and an increase in
PSCT were observed only after WBVE (P < .01).
Taking into account the positive WBVE effects on cardiorespiratory and MSMF,
WBVE might represent a nonimpact, viable, and safe exercise suitable for obese
patients, which need MSMF improvement without overloading joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Renata Sousa-Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofisica e Biometria, Laboratorio de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Tringali
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy
| | - Sofia Tamini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy
| | - Roberta De Micheli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy
| | | | - Redha Taiar
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, GRESPI EA 4694, Reims, France
| | - Danúbia Sá-Caputo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofisica e Biometria, Laboratorio de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eloá Moreira-Marconi
- Departamento de Biofisica e Biometria, Laboratorio de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laisa Paineiras-Domingos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofisica e Biometria, Laboratorio de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mario Bernardo-Filho
- Departamento de Biofisica e Biometria, Laboratorio de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy.,Division of Auxology and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Verbania, Italy
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Briggs RA, Houck JR, Drummond MJ, Fritz JM, LaStayo PC, Marcus RL. Asymmetries Identified in Sit-to-Stand Task Explain Physical Function After Hip Fracture. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2019; 41:210-217. [PMID: 28252470 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several known demographic and functional characteristics combine to predict physical function after hip fracture. Long-term weight-bearing asymmetries, evident during functional movements after hip fracture, contribute to limited mobility and large asymmetries in muscle function are linked to a high rate of injurious falls. Although postfracture mobility is commonly measured as whole body movement, a force-plate imbedded chair can identify individual limb contributions to an important task like moving from a sitting to standing position. The modified Physical Performance Test (mPPT) and stair climb test (SCT) are reliable, valid measures of function that predict independence after hip fracture. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent asymmetry during a sit-to-stand task (STST) predicts function (mPPT, 12-step SCT), above and beyond other known predictors. METHODS Thirty-one independent community-dwelling older adults, recently discharged from usual care physical therapy (mean [standard deviation], 77.7 [10.5] years, 10 male), within 2 to 8 months postfracture, volunteered for this study. Participants performed an STST on a force-plate-imbedded chair designed to identify individual limb contributions during an STST. Asymmetry magnitude during the STST was determined for each individual. In addition, mPPT and SCT were assessed and regression analyses were performed to determine the contribution of asymmetry to the variance in these physical function scores beyond other factors predicting function. RESULTS Demographic factors (sex, time since fracture, repair type, and body mass index) were not significantly related to function in this sample. Age, gait speed, knee extension strength, balance confidence, and functional self-report were each significantly related to both mPPT (r = 0.43-0.86) and SCT (r = 0.40-0.83), and were retained in the regression model. Included variables accounted for 83.4% of the variance in mPPT score, and asymmetry during the STST did not significantly contribute to explaining variability in mPPT (P = .23). Variables in the regression model accounted for 78.0% of the variance in SCT score, and STST asymmetry explained 7.1% (P < .005) of the variance in SCT score. DISCUSSION In this small sample, asymmetry contributed significantly to explaining the variability in SCT performance, but not mPPT score. The SCT requires greater unilateral strength and control than the battery of items that comprise the mPPT. This contributes to the disproportionate number of falls occurring during stair ambulation (>10% of all fall-related deaths), relative to the minimal time typically involved in stair negotiation. Our results indicate potential benefit to identifying injured limb asymmetries as they predict function in challenging, high-risk functional tasks after hip fracture. CONCLUSION Although gait speed is the best explanator of physical function in older adults after hip fracture, lower extremity asymmetry during an STST provides a unique contribution to explaining high-level ambulatory performance after hip fracture. Efforts to reduce weight-bearing asymmetry during rehabilitation following hip fracture may improve function and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Briggs
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeff R Houck
- Department of Physical Therapy, George Fox University, Newberg, Oregon
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Julie M Fritz
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Paul C LaStayo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robin L Marcus
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Serra-Añó P, Pedrero-Sánchez JF, Hurtado-Abellán J, Inglés M, Espí-López GV, López-Pascual J. Mobility assessment in people with Alzheimer disease using smartphone sensors. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2019; 16:103. [PMID: 31412893 PMCID: PMC6694667 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-019-0576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the functional status of people with Alzheimer Disease (AD), both in a single (ST) and cognitive dual task (DT) activities is essential for identifying signs of early-stage neurodegeneration. This study aims to compare the performance quality of several tasks using sensors embedded in an Android device, among people at different stages of Alzheimer and people without dementia. The secondary aim is to analyze the effect of cognitive task performance on mobility tasks. Methods This is a cross-sectional study including 22 participants in the control group (CG), 18 in the group with mild AD and 22 in the group with moderate AD. They performed two mobility tests, under ST and DT conditions, which were registered using an Android device. Postural control was measured by medial-lateral and anterior-posterior displacements of the COM (MLDisp and APDisp, respectively) and gait, with the vertical and medial-lateral range of the COM (Vrange and MLrange). Further, the sit-to-stand (PStand) and turning and sit power (PTurnSit), the total time required to complete the test and the reaction time were measured. Results There were no differences between the two AD stages either for ST or DT in any of the variables (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, people at both stages showed significantly lower values of PStand and PTurnSit and larger Total time and Reaction time compared to CG (p < 0.05). Further, Vrange is also lower in CDR1G than in CG (p < 0.05). The DT had a significant deleterious effect on MLDisp in all groups (p < 0.05) and on APDisp only in moderate AD for DT. Conclusions Our findings indicate that AD patients present impairments in some key functional abilities, such as gait, turning and sitting, sit to stand, and reaction time, both in mild and moderate AD. Nevertheless, an exclusively cognitive task only influences the postural control in people with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Serra-Añó
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia de la Universitat de València, C/ Gascó Oliag, 5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Francisco Pedrero-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Edificio 9C. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Hurtado-Abellán
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia de la Universitat de València, C/ Gascó Oliag, 5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Inglés
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia de la Universitat de València, C/ Gascó Oliag, 5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gemma Victoria Espí-López
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia de la Universitat de València, C/ Gascó Oliag, 5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan López-Pascual
- Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Edificio 9C. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Effects of Cane Use and Position on Performance of the Sit-to-Stand Task in Stroke Patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 97:476-481. [PMID: 29360646 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the effect of cane use and cane positions on the sit-to-stand performance of stroke patients. DESIGN In a crossover study, 30 stroke patients performed sit-to-stand test in seven situations in a random sequence: without a cane, three positions with a regular cane (parallel to the ankle, parallel to the 5th toe, and 10 cm in front of the 5th toe), and the same three positions with a quad cane. The peak vertical ground reaction force and maximum vertical cane support force during sit-to-stand were recorded. RESULTS Using a cane significantly reduced the peak ground reaction force by 3% to 9% of body weight compared with that without a cane (P = 0.000-0.023). Different cane positions strongly influenced the maximum cane support force and peak ground reaction force. When the cane was closer to the ankle, the maximal cane support force increased by 6.7% to 8.6% of body weight, which resulted in a decrease in the peak ground reaction force. CONCLUSIONS Both types of cane reduced lower limbs' load during sit to stand. When the cane was closer to the trunk, the load on legs was lessened, whereas the load on the upper limb increased. Upper limb's load during sit to stand was greater when using quad cane than using regular cane.
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Saporito S, Brodie MA, Delbaere K, Hoogland J, Nijboer H, Rispens SM, Spina G, Stevens M, Annegarn J. Remote timed up and go evaluation from activities of daily living reveals changing mobility after surgery. Physiol Meas 2019; 40:035004. [PMID: 30840937 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab0d3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobility impairment is common in older adults and negatively influences the quality of life. Mobility level may change rapidly following surgery or hospitalization in the elderly. The timed up and go (TUG) is a simple, frequently used clinical test for functional mobility; however, TUG requires supervision from a trained clinician, resulting in infrequent assessments. Additionally, assessment by TUG in clinic settings may not be completely representative of the individual's mobility in their home environment. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we introduce a method to estimate TUG from activities detected in free-living, enabling continuous remote mobility monitoring without expert supervision. The method is used to monitor changes in mobility following total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS Community-living elderly (n = 239, 65-91 years) performed a standardized TUG in a laboratory and wore a wearable pendant device that recorded accelerometer and barometric sensor data for at least three days. Activities of daily living (ADLs), including walks and sit-to-stand transitions, and their related mobility features were extracted and used to develop a regularized linear model for remote TUG test estimation. Changes in the remote TUG were evaluated in orthopaedic patients (n = 15, 55-75 years), during 12-weeks period following THA. MAIN RESULTS In leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV), a strong correlation (ρ = 0.70) was observed between the new remote TUG and standardized TUG times. Test-retest reliability of 3-days estimates was high (ICC = 0.94). Compared to week 2 post-THA, remote TUG was significantly improved at week 6 (11.7 ± 3.9 s versus 8.0 ± 1.8 s, p < 0.001), with no further change at 12-weeks (8.1 ± 3.9 s, p = 0.37). SIGNIFICANCE Remote TUG can be estimated in older adults using 3-days of ADLs data recorded using a wearable pendant. Remote TUG has discriminatory potential for identifying frail elderly and may provide a convenient way to monitor changes in mobility in unsupervised settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Saporito
- Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Hamacher D, Liebl D, Hödl C, Heßler V, Kniewasser CK, Thönnessen T, Zech A. Gait Stability and Its Influencing Factors in Older Adults. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1955. [PMID: 30733686 PMCID: PMC6354563 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A stable gait pattern is a prerequisite to successfully master various activities of daily living. Furthermore, reduced gait stability is associated with a higher risk of falling. To provide specific intervention strategies to improve gait stability, gaining detailed knowledge of the underlying mechanism and influencing factors is of utmost importance. The effects of relevant influencing factors on gait stability are poorly examined, yet. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to quantify the effects of various influencing factors on gait stability. In a cross-sectional study, we assessed dynamic gait stability and relevant influencing factors in 102 older adults (age >65 years). In addition to dynamic gait stability (largest Lyapunov exponent [LLE] and gait variability measures) during normal over-ground (single-task: ST) and dual-task (DT) walking, we registered the following influencing factors: health status (SF12), pain status (painDETECT, SES), fear of falling (falls efficacy scale), depression (CES-D), cognition performance (Stroop test), physical activity (Freiburger Fragebogen zur körperlichen Aktivität), proprioception (joint position sense), peripheral sensation (mechanical and vibration detection threshold), balance performance (static balance on force plate) and muscular fitness (instrumented sit-to-stand test). We used a principal components regression to link the identified principal components with the gait stability and gait variability responses. The four principal components “strength and gender” (e.g., p = 0.001 for LLE during ST), “physical activity” (e.g., p = 0.006 for LLE during ST), “pain” (e.g., p = 0.030 for LLE during DT) and “peripheral sensation” (e.g., p = 0.002 for LLE during ST) were each significantly associated with at least two of the analyzed gait stability/variability measures. The dimension “balance” was a significant predictor in only one gait measure. While “proprioception” tends to correlate with a gait variability measure, we did not find a dependency of mental health on any gait measure. In conclusion, the participants' ability to recover from small perturbations (as measured with the largest Lyapunov exponent) seems to be related to gender and strength, the amount of physical activity the participants spent every week, peripheral sensation and pain status. Since the explained variance is still rather low, there could be more relevant factors that were not addressed, yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hamacher
- Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dominik Liebl
- Department of Statistics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Hödl
- Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Veronika Heßler
- Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Thönnessen
- Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Astrid Zech
- Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Alcazar J, Losa-Reyna J, Rodriguez-Lopez C, Alfaro-Acha A, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Ara I, García-García FJ, Alegre LM. The sit-to-stand muscle power test: An easy, inexpensive and portable procedure to assess muscle power in older people. Exp Gerontol 2018; 112:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Glenn JM, Gray M, Binns A. Relationship of Sit-to-Stand Lower-Body Power With Functional Fitness Measures Among Older Adults With and Without Sarcopenia. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2018; 40:42-50. [PMID: 26428899 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE When evaluating health in older adults, batteries of tests are typically utilized to assess functional fitness. Unfortunately, physician's visits are time-sensitive, and it may be important to develop faster methods to assess functional fitness that can be utilized in professional or clinical settings. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship of sit-to-stand (STS) power generated through the STS task with previously established measures of functional fitness, specifically strength, endurance, speed, agility, and flexibility in older adults with and without sarcopenia. METHODS This study consisted of 57 community-dwelling older adults (n = 16 males; n = 41 females). Functional fitness was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Senior Fitness Test, handgrip, gait speed (habitual and maximal), balance, and STS power generated via the Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer. On the basis of data distribution, second-degree polynomial (quadratic) curvilinear models (lines of best fit) were applied for the relationships of 5-time STS time with average and peak power. Zero-order correlations were evaluated between STS power and all other functional fitness measures. Older adults with sarcopenia were also identified (n = 15), and relationships were reevaluated within this subset. RESULTS STS power (average and peak) was significantly (P ≤ .01) correlated with physical performance measured via previously established assessments. For average power, this was observed during the senior fitness test (6-minute walk [r = 0.39], 8-ft up-and-go [r = -0.46], arm curl [r = 0.46], and chair stand [r = 0.55]), SPPB (5-time STS time [r = -0.63] and 8-ft walk [r = -0.32]), and other independent functional fitness measures (grip strength [r = 0.65] and maximal gait speed [r = -0.31]). Similar results were observed for peak power during the senior fitness test (6-minute walk [r = 0.39], 8-ft up-and-go [r = -0.46], arm curl [r = 0.45], chair stand [r = 0.52], and sit-and-reach [r = -0.27]), SPPB (5-time STS time [r = -0.60] and 8-ft walk [r = -0.33]), and other independent functional fitness measures (grip strength [r = 0.70] and maximal gait speed [r = -0.32]). Within the sarcopenic subset, for average and peak power, respectively, significant relationships were still retained for handgrip strength (r = 0.57 and r = 0.57), 6-minute walk (r = 0.55 and r = 0.61), chair stand (r = 0.76 and r = 0.81), and 5-time STS time (r = -0.76 and r = -0.80) tests. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS STS power generated via the STS task significantly relates to commonly administered functional fitness measures. These relationships also appear to exist when evaluating these relationships in older adults with sarcopenia. STS power may be utilized as an independent measure of functional fitness that is feasible to incorporate in clinical settings where time and space are often limiting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Glenn
- 1Human Performance Laboratory, Office for Studies on Aging, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas. 2Sport and Movement Science Laboratory, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana
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Manor J, Bunn J, Bohannon RW. Validity and Reliability of Jump Height Measurements Obtained From Nonathletic Populations With the VERT Device. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2018; 43:20-23. [PMID: 29979354 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vertical jump (VJ) is commonly used to assess lower extremity power in athletic populations. A portable device called the VERT has been validated for this population, but not in nonathletic populations. We sought in this study to assess the clinimetric properties of VJ height measurements obtained with the VERT from older and younger nonathletes. METHODS Twenty-eight participants (14 older, 14 younger, evenly split between male and female) completed 2 submaximal and 3 maximal VJ trials wearing the VERT during 2 sessions separated by 5 to 9 days. During the first session, their VJ heights were also monitored using motion capture video. RESULTS Analysis revealed concurrent validity of the VERT against motion capture (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC3,1] = 0.826-0.950) and known-groups validity of the VERT based on age and gender (P < .001). Strong parallel reliability against a second VERT device (ICC = 0.992) was demonstrated as was strong test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.968). CONCLUSIONS The VERT device provides valid and reliable measures of VJ height in nonathletic populations, including older adults. However, the VERT may not be suitable for recording the low jump heights of some older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Manor
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer Bunn
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Lillington, North Carolina
| | - Richard W Bohannon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Lillington, North Carolina
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46
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Watt AA, Clark C, Williams JM. Differences in sit-to-stand, standing sway and stairs between community-dwelling fallers and non-fallers: a review of the literature. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2018.1470748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Watt
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Human Sciences and Public Health, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Carol Clark
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Human Sciences and Public Health, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Williams
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Human Sciences and Public Health, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
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Magrini MA, Colquhoun RJ, Barrera-Curiel A, Thiele RM, DeFreitas JM, Smith DB, Jenkins ND. Muscle size, strength, power, and echo intensity, but not specific tension, are affected by age in physically active adults. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-172194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel A. Magrini
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ryan J. Colquhoun
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - Ryan M. Thiele
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jason M. DeFreitas
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Doug B. Smith
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Nathaniel D.M. Jenkins
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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48
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Moufawad El Achkar C, Lenbole-Hoskovec C, Paraschiv-Ionescu A, Major K, Büla C, Aminian K. Classification and characterization of postural transitions using instrumented shoes. Med Biol Eng Comput 2018; 56:1403-1412. [PMID: 29327335 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-017-1778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The frequency and quality of sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit postural transitions decrease with age and are highly relevant for fall risk assessment. Accurate classification and characterization of these transitions in daily life of older adults are therefore needed. In this study, we propose to use instrumented shoes for postural transition classification as well as transition duration estimation from insole force signals. In the first part, data were collected with 10 older adults and 10 young participants performing transitions in the laboratory while wearing the instrumented shoes, without arm assistance. A wavelet approach was used to transform the insole force data, and candidate events were selected for transition duration estimation. Transition durations were then validated against a model based on force plate reference. Vertical force estimation was also compared to force plate measurement. In the second part, postural transitions were classified in daily life using the instrumented shoes and validated against a highly accurate wearable system. Transition duration was estimated with an error ranging from 10 to 20% while the error for vertical force estimation was 7%. Postural transition classification was achieved with excellent sensitivity and precision exceeding 90%. In conclusion, the instrumented shoes are suitable for classifying and characterizing postural transitions in daily life conditions of healthy older adults. Graphical abstract "Experimental setup showing instrumented shoes, reference force plate, as well as IMUs used for postural transition classification and duration estimation comparison".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constanze Lenbole-Hoskovec
- Service of Geriatric Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Kristof Major
- Service of Geriatric Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Büla
- Service of Geriatric Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Kamiar Aminian
- School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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49
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Ruiz-Cárdenas JD, Rodríguez-Juan JJ, Smart RR, Jakobi JM, Jones GR. Validity and reliability of an iPhone App to assess time, velocity and leg power during a sit-to-stand functional performance test. Gait Posture 2018; 59:261-266. [PMID: 29102856 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were: (i) Analyze the concurrent validity and reliability of an iPhone App for measuring time, velocity and power during a single sit-to-stand (STS) test compared with measurements recorded from a force plate; and (ii) Evaluate the relationship between the iPhone App measures with age and functional performance. Forty-eight healthy individuals (age range: 26-81 years) were recruited. All participants completed a STS test on a force plate with the movement recorded on an iPhone 6 at 240 frames-per-second. Functional ability was also measured using isometric handgrip strength and self-paced walking time tests. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha (α) and Bland-Altman plots with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to test validity and reliability between instruments. The results showed a good agreement between all STS measurement variables; time (ICC=0.864, 95%CI=0.77-0.92; α=0.926), velocity (ICC=0.912, 95%CI=0.85-0.95; α=0.953) and power (ICC=0.846, 95%CI=0.74-0.91; α=0.917) with no systematic bias between instruments for any variable analyzed. STS time, velocity and power derived from the iPhone App show moderate to strong associations with age (|r|=0.63-0.83) and handgrip strength (|r|=0.4-0.64) but not the walking test. The results of this study identify that this iPhone App is reliable for measuring STS and the derived values of time, velocity and power shows strong associations with age and handgrip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diego Ruiz-Cárdenas
- ECOFISTEM Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan José Rodríguez-Juan
- ECOFISTEM Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rowan R Smart
- Healthy Exercise and Aging Laboratory Group (HEAL), School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Jakobi
- Healthy Exercise and Aging Laboratory Group (HEAL), School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Gareth R Jones
- Healthy Exercise and Aging Laboratory Group (HEAL), School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Briggs RA, Houck JR, LaStayo PC, Fritz JM, Drummond MJ, Marcus RL. High-Intensity Multimodal Resistance Training Improves Muscle Function, Symmetry during a Sit-to-Stand Task, and Physical Function Following Hip Fracture. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:431-438. [PMID: 29484358 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Post rehabilitation, older adults with hip fracture display low vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) on the involved lower extremity during a sit-to-stand task and low physical function. The purpose of this study was to test whether muscle performance, involved side vGRF during a sit-to-stand task, and physical function improved following multimodal high-intensity resistance training, when initiated after usual care (2 to 6 months after hip fracture). DESIGN Case series study, 12 weeks extended high-intensity strength training intervention following hip fracture. SETTING University hospital outpatient facility. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four community-dwelling older adults (mean age 78.4 years (SD 10.4), 16 female/8 male), 3.6 (SD 1.2) months post-hip fracture and discharged from physical therapy participated. Intervention/Measurement: All participants performed sit-to-stand tasks, muscle performance tests, and modified physical performance test (mPPT) before and after 12 weeks (3x/wk) of training. Variables were compared using paired t-tests. RESULTS The vGRF rate of force development (RFD) and magnitude of discrepancy between limb loading during rising phase of sit-to-stand task (AREA) variables improved post-training (RFD ratio = Pre: 0.78 - Post: 0.82, AREA ratio = Pre: 0.79 - Post: 0.86). Surgical leg extension power gains were large (~65%) while strength gains were moderate (~34%); yielding improved symmetry in both strength (Pre: 0.74 - Post: 0.88) and power (Pre: 0.75 - Post: 0.82). Physical function improved pre-training 25 (SD 5.2) to post training 30 (SD 4.3), (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Unique to this study, participants recovering from hip fracture demonstrated improved symmetry in sit-to-stand vGRFs, muscle function, and physical function after training. However, a high percentage of patients continued to experience persistently low vGRF of the involved side compared to previous studies of healthy elderly controls. Developing alternative strategies to improve involved side vGRF may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Briggs
- Robert A. Briggs PT PhD, Physical Therapy, David Grant Medical Center, 60th Medical Group, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535, USA;
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