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Effects of Vitamin E and Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Untrained Leisure Horses Subjected to Acute Moderate Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060908. [PMID: 34205129 PMCID: PMC8227526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of antioxidant supplements on exercise-induced oxidative stress have not been investigated in untrained leisure horses. We investigated the effects of 14-day supplementation with vitamin E (1.8 IU/kg/day), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10; ubiquinone; 800 mg/day), and a combination of both (the same doses as in mono-supplementation) on the blood levels of CoQ10, vitamin E, and oxidative stress parameters in untrained leisure horses subjected to acute moderate exercise. Correlations between lipid peroxidation and muscle enzyme leakage were also determined. Forty client-owned horses were included in the study, with 10 horses in each of the antioxidant and placebo (paraffin oil) groups. Blood parameters were measured before supplementation, before and immediately after exercise, and after 24 h of rest. The differences in individual parameters between blood collection times and groups were analysed with linear mixed models (p ˂ 0.05). None of the supplemented antioxidants affected vitamin E and CoQ10 concentrations, oxidative stress parameters, or serum muscle enzymes. Lipid peroxidation occurred in horses supplemented with placebo and CoQ10 but not in horses supplemented with vitamin E or the combination of both antioxidants. These results suggest that vitamin E alone or in combination with CoQ10 prevented lipid peroxidation in untrained leisure horses subjected to acute moderate exercise.
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Izzati MNZ, Noraniza M, Adamu L, Rasedee A. Validity of an established metabolic disorder index as a predictor for metabolic eliminations in endurance horses. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:227-232. [PMID: 30564600 PMCID: PMC6286403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance horses are usually eliminated from the race due to lameness, metabolic ailments or technical reasons. The purpose of the study was to determine the validity and reliability of the metabolic disorder index (MDI) in predicting metabolic eliminations in endurance horses during an endurance race. Fifty-four endurance horses competing on two local endurance tracks were involved in the study. Blood samples were collected a day prior to the event to determine packed cell volume (PCV), chloride (Cl-), interleukin-6 (IL-6), creatine kinase (CK) and glutathione reductase (GR) concentrations from all participating horses. These parameters were used for the determination of metabolic disorder index in endurance horses at rest (one day before the competition). All data were statistically analysed. In 40, 80 and 120 km race distances, the successfully completed horses had a significant lower serum concentration of CK and a significant higher serum concentration of Cl- than the eliminated horses (P < .05). There were no significant differences in PCV, serum concentrations of IL-6 and GR between the successfully completed and eliminated horses in the 40, 80 and 120 km race distances. The MDI at the rest one day before the race could predict potential of metabolic eliminations in endurance horses with at least 78.26%, 80% and 83.33% accuracies in 40, 80 and 120 km race distances. The sensitivity of the MDI was 81.82%, 80% and 100% in the 40, 80 and 100 km race distances. The specificity of the MDI was 80% for the 80 km race distance and 75% for the 40 and 120 km race distances. In conclusion, the metabolic disorder index is a reliable method for the prediction of metabolic eliminations in endurance horses participating in endurance races.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.R. Nur Zul Izzati
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M.A. Noraniza
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lawan Adamu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P. M. B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - A. Rasedee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ruggerone B, Bonelli F, Nocera I, Paltrinieri S, Giordano A, Sgorbini M. Validation of a paraoxon-based method for measurement of paraoxonase (PON-1) activity and establishment of RIs in horses. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:69-77. [PMID: 29575140 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is an antioxidant compound that is considered a negative acute phase protein. No information on the analytic performance of the paraoxon method for measuring PON-1 in horse serum is available. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to validate a paraoxon-based method to measure PON-1 in horses and to establish RIs in healthy horses and foals. METHODS Horses and foals classified as healthy after physical examination and routine biochemistry were used in the study. Serum PON-1 activity was measured with an automated spectrophotometer and an enzymatic method validated in other species. After the analytic validation (precision, accuracy, interference studies), RIs were determined using the Reference Value Advisor software. The possible sex-, age-, and breed-related differences were statistically investigated. RESULTS The healthy study population included 120 horses and 55 foals. The paraoxon-based method was precise (CVs < 4.0%) and accurate (P < .001 in linearity under dilution and spike-recovery testing) but was affected by interference from mild bilirubinemia, severe lipemia, and hemoglobinemia. The RIs recorded in the whole population were 38.1-80.8 U/mL. According to the Harris and Boyd test, it would be advisable to use separate RIs only for adult females and for Warmblood and Trotter adults. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the analytic performances of the paraoxon-based method for measurement of PON-1 in horses are acceptable. The PON-1 activity is lower in horses than in other domestic species. These results may provide a basis for further studies designed to establish whether healthy and sick horses can be correctly classified by using the PON-1 assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Ruggerone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Irene Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessia Giordano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
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4
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Padalino B, Raidal SL, Knight P, Celi P, Jeffcott L, Muscatello G. Effects of Transportation on Redox Homeostasis and Tracheal Mucus. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kusano K, Yamazaki M, Kiuchi M, Kaneko K, Koyama K. Reference range of blood biomarkers for oxidative stress in Thoroughbred racehorses (2-5 years old). J Equine Sci 2016; 27:125-129. [PMID: 27703408 PMCID: PMC5048360 DOI: 10.1294/jes.27.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidant and antioxidant equilibrium is known to play an important role in equine medicine and equine exercise physiology. There are abundant findings in
this field; however, not many studies have been conducted for reference ranges of oxidative stress biomarkers in horses. This study was conducted to determine
the reference values of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) using blood samples from 372 (191 males, 181 females)
Thoroughbred racehorse aged 2 to 5 (3.43 ± 1.10 (mean ± SD)) years old. There were obvious gender differences in oxidative biomarkers, and growth/age-related
changes were observed especially in females. Gender and age must be considered when interpreting obtained oxidative stress biomarkers for diagnosis of disease
or fitness alterations in Thoroughbred racehorses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanichi Kusano
- Miho Training Center, Racehorse Hospital, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki 300-0493, Japan
| | | | - Masataka Kiuchi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | | | - Katsuhiro Koyama
- Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
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Walker A, Avenatti R, Arent S, McKeever K. Effectiveness of a superoxide dismutase supplement derived from melon extract as a recovery aid for horses following strenuous exercise. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/cep150023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An antioxidant derived from a variety of melon purported to be high in superoxide dismutase was fed to horses and the effect on performance and recovery was measured following repeated daily bouts of intense exercise. In a cross-over design study, six unfit Standardbred mares were fed this antioxidant at a rate of 2.0 IU/kg body weight (BW)/d as part of the daily ration for 4 weeks before undergoing a simulated race test (SRT) repeated over a 3-day period. The SRT, designed to simulate the training of Standardbreds, consisted of a 2 min warm-up at 6 m/s followed by a high speed run to fatigue at 125% of the speed calculated to correspond to the horse’s maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) as determined in a baseline incremental exercise test. Measurements included VO2 and the VO2 recovery time, VO2 at the point of recovery, run time, as well as plasma lactate, and plasma cortisol. Oxidative stress was measured by assessing malondialdehyde (MDA). The results from the study demonstrated that there were no differences (P>0.05) in mean values for the plasma concentrations of lactate, cortisol, or MDA. However, when supplemented with this antioxidant, there was an observable pattern with a small-to-medium effect size of an increase average run time of 14 s. Another important observation was that despite the longer run time, there was a moderate effect for a faster VO2 recovery time. The data suggest that supplementation with 2.0 IU/kg BW of this antioxidant had a modest but non-significant effect on performance and recovery time. Additionally, it did not negatively impact physiology in untrained Standardbred mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Walker
- Center for Health & Human Performance, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, 63 Dudley Road, Suite 122, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - R.C. Avenatti
- Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, 84 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - S.M. Arent
- Center for Health & Human Performance, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, 63 Dudley Road, Suite 122, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - K.H. McKeever
- Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, 84 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Intravenous infusion of H2-saline suppresses oxidative stress and elevates antioxidant potential in Thoroughbred horses after racing exercise. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15514. [PMID: 26493164 PMCID: PMC4616033 DOI: 10.1038/srep15514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon intensive, exhaustive exercise, exercise-induced reactive oxygen species may exceed the antioxidant defence threshold, consequently resulting in muscular damage or late-onset chronic inflammation. Recently, the therapeutic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) for human rheumatoid arthritis have been demonstrated. However, it is also important to clarify the effects of administrating H2 in large animals other than humans, as H2 is thought to reach the target organ by passive diffusion upon delivery from the blood flow, indicating that the distance from the administration point to the target is critical. However, data on the effects of H2 on oxidative stress in real-life exhaustive exercise in large animals are currently lacking. We here investigated 13 Thoroughbred horses administered intravenous 2-L saline with or without 0.6-ppm H2 (placebo, N = 6; H2, N = 7) before participating in a high-intensity simulation race. Intravenous H2-saline significantly suppressed oxidative stress immediately, 3 h, and 24 h after the race, although the antioxidant capability was not affected throughout the study. The serum creatine kinase, lactate, and uric acid levels were increased in both groups. Taken together, these results indicate that intravenous H2-saline can significantly and specifically suppress oxidative stress induced after exhaustive racing in Thoroughbred horses.
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Valle E, Zanatta R, Odetti P, Traverso N, Furfaro A, Bergero D, Badino P, Girardi C, Miniscalco B, Bergagna S, Tarantola M, Intorre L, Odore R. Effects of competition on acute phase proteins and lymphocyte subpopulations - oxidative stress markers in eventing horses. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 99:856-63. [PMID: 25628172 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate markers of the acute phase response (APR) in eventing horses by measuring acute phase proteins (APP) (haptoglobin, Hp, and serum amyloid A, SAA), lysozyme, protein adducts such as pentosidine-like adducts (PENT), malondialdehyde adducts (MDA), hydroxynonenal adducts (HNE) and total advanced glycation/glycoxidation end products (AGEs), complete blood count and lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+, CD8+ and CD21+) both at rest and at the end of an eventing competition. Blood samples were collected from eight Warmblood horses (medium age 10 ± 3) during an official national 2-day event competition at rest (R) and 10 min after the arrival of the cross-country test on the second day. Exercise caused a significant increase in red blood cell number, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, neutrophils, white blood cell and lymphocyte number; however, these values remained within the normal range. The CD4+ and CD8+ cells significantly increased, whereas the CD21+ lymphocytes decreased; a significant increase in serum SAA, lysozyme and protein carbonyl derivates was also observed. Two-day event causes significant changes in APR markers such as lysozyme, protein carbonyl derivates (HNE, AGEs, PENT) and lymphocyte subpopulations. The data support the hypothesis that 2-day event may alter significantly APR markers. Limitations of the study were the relatively small sample size and sampling time conditioned by the official regulations of the event. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the time required for recovery to basal values in order to define the possible effects on the immune function of the athlete horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Valle
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - R Zanatta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - P Odetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - N Traverso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Furfaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - D Bergero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - P Badino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - C Girardi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - B Miniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Bergagna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - M Tarantola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Intorre
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Odore
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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9
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Rosa NN, Pekkinen J, Zavala K, Fouret G, Korkmaz A, Feillet-Coudray C, Atalay M, Hanhineva K, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K, Micard V. Impact of wheat aleurone structure on metabolic disorders caused by a high-fat diet in mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10101-10109. [PMID: 25238637 DOI: 10.1021/jf503314a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential of native and structurally modified wheat aleurone, by dry-grinding or enzymatic treatments, to counteract metabolic disorders in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). C57BL6/J mice were first fed ad libitum with a high-fat diet for 9 weeks to induce obesity, after which the native or treated aleurone fractions were added (13% (w/w)) in the high-fat diets for an additional 8 weeks. The effects of the aleurone-enriched diets were evaluated by assessing body weight gain, adiposity, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin and leptin, and anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Enrichment of the diet with native or finely ground aleurone did not improve any parameter analyzed; finely ground aleurone even slightly increased (p = 0.03) body weight gain. Enrichment of the diet with enzymatically treated aleurone only had a tendency toward lower body weight gain, visceral adipose tissue accumulation, fasting plasma insulin, and leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nicole Rosa
- Montpellier SupAgro-INRA-UMII-CIRAD, JRU IATE1208 Agropolymers Engineering and Emerging Technologies , 2 Place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France
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10
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Plasma Coenzyme Q10 and Tocopherols in Thoroughbred Race Horses: Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation and Exercise. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Janicki B, Kochowicz A, Buzała M, Krumrych W. Variability of Selected Biochemical Parameters in Young Stallions During the 100-day Performance Test. J Equine Vet Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Hackett ES, Mama KR, Twedt DC, Gustafson DL. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in horses fed silibinin complexed with phospholipid. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:1333-9. [PMID: 24066918 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.10.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate antioxidant capacity and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in horses fed silibinin complexed with phospholipid. ANIMALS 5 healthy horses. PROCEDURES Horses consumed increasing orally administered doses of silibinin phospholipid during 4 nonconsecutive weeks (0 mg/kg, 6.5 mg/kg, 13 mg/kg, and 26 mg/kg of body weight, twice daily for 7 days each week). Dose-related changes in plasma antioxidant capacity, peripheral blood cell glutathione concentration and antioxidant enzyme activities, and blood cytokine gene expression were evaluated. RESULTS Plasma antioxidant capacity increased throughout the study period with increasing dose. Red blood cell nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase I activity decreased significantly with increasing doses of silibinin phospholipid. No significant differences were identified in glutathione peroxidase activity, reduced glutathione or oxidized glutathione concentrations, or expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1, or interleukin-2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Minor alterations in antioxidant capacity of healthy horses that consumed silibinin phospholipid occurred and suggest that further study in horses with liver disease is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen S Hackett
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. 80523
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13
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Perrea A, Vlachos IS, Korou LM, Doulamis IP, Exarhopoulou K, Kypraios G, Kalofoutis A, Perrea DN. Comparison of the short-term oxidative stress response in National League basketball and soccer adolescent athletes. Angiology 2013; 65:624-9. [PMID: 23921505 DOI: 10.1177/0003319713497991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise is considered protective against oxidative stress-related disorders. However, there is increasing evidence that strenuous activity may induce increased oxidative stress response. This study investigated the impact of vigorous physical activity on serum oxidative stress markers in 36 soccer and 12 basketball National League adolescent athletes 40 minutes before and 15 minutes after a National League game. Serum total peroxide, fibrinogen, polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase, and myeloperoxidase levels were determined. No significant differences in any of the measured parameters were observed before the match. Soccer players exhibited significantly lower total peroxide (P < .05) and higher PMN elastase concentrations (P < .05) than that of the basketball athletes after the game. A number of important differences between these 2 sports, such as duration or total aerobic and anaerobic demands, may affect oxidative status. These parameters need to be further examined in order to elucidate the different effects of these 2 sports on postexercise oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vlachos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Laskarina-Maria Korou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias P Doulamis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Exarhopoulou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Kypraios
- Department of Human Motion Science and Quality of Life, University of Peloponnese, Sparti, Greece
| | | | - Despina N Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Venojärvi M, Korkmaz A, Wasenius N, Manderoos S, Heinonen OJ, Lindholm H, Aunola S, Eriksson JG, Atalay M. 12 weeks' aerobic and resistance training without dietary intervention did not influence oxidative stress but aerobic training decreased atherogenic index in middle-aged men with impaired glucose regulation. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 61:127-35. [PMID: 23623841 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to determine whether 12 weeks' aerobic Nordic walking (NW) or resistance exercise training (RT) without diet-induced weight loss could decrease oxidative stress and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and MetS score in middle-aged men with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) (n=144. 54.5 ± 6.5 years). In addition, we compared effects of intervention between overweight and obese subgroups. Prevalence of MetS and AIP index decreased only in NW group and MetS score in both NW and RT groups but not in control group. The changes in AIP index correlated inversely with changes in plasma antioxidant capacity. The change in AIP index remained a significant independent predictor of the changes in MetS score after the model was adjusted for age, BMI and volume of exercise (MET h/week) in NW group. There were no changes in the other measured markers of oxidative stress and related cytokines (e.g. osteopontin and osteoprotegerin) in any of the groups. Nordic walking decreased prevalence of MetS and MetS score. Improved lipid profile remained a predictor of decreased MetS score only in NW group and it seems that Nordic walking has more beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risks than RT training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Venojärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Exercise Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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15
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Tsubone H, Hanafusa M, Endo M, Manabe N, Hiraga A, Ohmura H, Aida H. Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Hydrogen-rich Water Intake on Serum Oxidative and Anti-oxidative Metabolites in Serum of Thoroughbred Horses. J Equine Sci 2013; 24:1-8. [PMID: 24833996 PMCID: PMC4013981 DOI: 10.1294/jes.24.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to clarify changes of oxidative stress and antioxidative
functions in treadmill-exercised Thoroughbred horses (n=5, 3 to 7 years old), using
recently developed techniques for measurement of serum d-ROMs for oxidative stress, and
BAP for antioxidative markers. Also, the effect of nasogastric administration of
hydrogen-rich water (HW) or placebo water preceding the treadmill exercise on these
parameters was examined. Each horse was subjected to a maximum level of treadmill exercise
in which the horses were exhausted at an average speed of 13.2 ± 0.84 m/sec. Blood samples
were taken 4 times, immediately before the intake of HW or placebo water at 30 min
preceding the treadmill exercise, immediately before the exercise (pre-exercise),
immediately after the exercise (post-exercise) and at 30 min following the exercise. In
all horses, both d-ROMs and BAP values significantly increased at post-exercise. The
increase in d-ROMs tended to be lower in the HW trial, as compared to the placebo trial at
pre-exercise. The increase in BAP was considerable at approximately 150% of the
pre-exercise values in both the HW and placebo treatment trials. The BAP/d-ROMs ratio was
significantly elevated at post-exercise in both treatment trials, while a significant
elevation was also observed at pre-exercise in the HW trial. BAP, d-ROM, and the BAP/d-ROM
ratio tended to decline at 30 min after the exercise, except BAP and BAP/d-ROMs in the
placebo trial. These results demonstrate that the marked elevation of oxidative stress and
anitioxidative functions occurred simultaneously in the intensively exercised horses, and
suggest a possibility that HW has some antioxidative efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tsubone
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hanafusa
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Maiko Endo
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3145 Ago, Ibaraki-Kasama 319-0206, Japan
| | - Noboru Manabe
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3145 Ago, Ibaraki-Kasama 319-0206, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hiraga
- Hidaka Training Farm, Japan Racing Association, 535-13 Aza-nisi Sha, Urakawa-cho, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Hajime Ohmura
- The Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0856, Japan
| | - Hiroko Aida
- The Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0856, Japan
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Biomarkers of antioxidant status, inflammation, and cartilage metabolism are affected by acute intense exercise but not superoxide dismutase supplementation in horses. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:920932. [PMID: 22919442 PMCID: PMC3423952 DOI: 10.1155/2012/920932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate effects of (1) repetitive arthrocentesis on biomarkers of inflammation (prostaglandin E(2), PGE(2)) and aggrecan synthesis (chondroitin sulfate-846; CS) in synovial fluid (SF); (2) exercise and superoxide dismutase (SOD) supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, antioxidant status, and aggrecan synthesis, in horses. Preliminary trial. Standardbreds underwent four arthrocentesis procedures within 48 h and exhibited elevated CS and no changes in PGE(2). Exercise trial. this randomized crossover design used twelve Standardbred mares which received either treatment (3000 IU d(-1) oral SOD powder) or placebo (cellulose powder) for 6 wks which culminated with them running a repeated sprint exercise test (RSET). Samples were collected before (PRE), during (PEAK), and following exercise (POST). Exercise resulted in increased (P < 0.05) antioxidant defenses including erythrocyte SOD, total glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, gene transcripts for interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, and interleukin-1β in blood, and decreased plasma nitric oxide. Exercise increased (P < 0.05) SF CS and adjusted-PGE(2), and higher (P < 0.05) CS and PGE(2) were found in hock versus carpus joints. No treatment effects were detected. Results suggest normal adaptive responses likely due to exercise-induced tissue microdamage and oxidative stress. Additional research is needed to identify benefit(s) of SOD supplementation in horses.
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17
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Plasma protein changes in horse after prolonged physical exercise: A proteomic study. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4494-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Ceusters JD, Mouithys-Mickalad AA, de la Rebière de Pouyade G, Franck TJ, Votion DM, Deby-Dupont GP, Serteyn DA. Assessment of reactive oxygen species production in cultured equine skeletal myoblasts in response to conditions of anoxia followed by reoxygenation with or without exposure to peroxidases. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:426-34. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.3.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Lee R, Margaritis M, Channon KM, Antoniades C. Evaluating oxidative stress in human cardiovascular disease: methodological aspects and considerations. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:2504-20. [PMID: 22489713 PMCID: PMC3412204 DOI: 10.2174/092986712800493057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key feature in atherogenesis, since reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in all stages of the disease, from endothelial dysfunction to atheromatic plaque formation and rupture. It is therefore important to identify reliable biomarkers allowing us to monitor vascular oxidative stress status. These may lead to improved understanding of disease pathogenesis and development of new therapeutic strategies. Measurement of circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress is challenging, since circulation usually behaves as a separate compartment to the individual structures of the vascular wall. However, measurement of stable products released by the reaction of ROS and vascular/circulating molecular structures is a particularly popular approach. Serum lipid hydroperoxides, plasma malondialdehyde or urine F2-isoprostanes are widely used and have a prognostic value in cardiovascular disease. Quantification of oxidative stress at a tissue level is much more accurate. Various chemiluminescence and high performance liquid chromatography assays have been developed over the last few years, and some of them are extremely accurate and specific. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy and micro-electrode assays able to detect ROS directly are also widely used. In conclusion, measurement of circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress is valuable, and some of them appear to have predictive value in cardiovascular disease. However, these biomarkers do not necessarily reflect intravascular oxidative stress and therefore cannot be used as therapeutic targets or markers to monitor pharmacological treatments in clinical settings. Measurement of vascular oxidative stress status is still the only reliable way to evaluate the involvement of oxidative stress in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - C Antoniades
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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Rowlands DS, Pearce E, Aboud A, Gillen JB, Gibala MJ, Donato S, Waddington JM, Green JG, Tarnopolsky MA. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle soreness in an 894-km relay trail run. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:1839-48. [PMID: 21922261 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe the effects of multi-day relay trail running on muscle soreness and damage, and systemic immune, inflammatory, and oxidative responses. 16 male and 4 female athletes ran 894 km in 47 stages over 95 h, with mean (SD) 6.4 (1.0) stages per athlete and 19.0 (1.7) km per stage. We observed post-pre run increases in serum creatine kinase (qualified effect size extremely large, p = 0.002), IL-6 (extremely large, p < 0.001), urinary 8-isoprostane/creatinine (extremely large, p = 0.04), TNF-α (large, p = 0.002), leukocyte count (very large, p < 0.0001) and neutrophil fraction (very large, p < 0.001); and reductions in hemoglobin (moderate, p < 0.001), hematocrit (moderate, p < 0.001), and lymphocyte fraction (trivial, p < 0.001). An increase in ORAC total antioxidant capacity (TAC, small, p = 0.3) and decrease in urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine (small, p = 0.1) were not statistically significant. During the run, muscle soreness was most frequent in the quadriceps. The threshold for muscle pain (pain-pressure algometry) in the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius was lower post-run (small, p = 0.04 and 0.03). Average running speed was correlated with algometer pain and leukocyte count (large, r = 0.52), and TAC was correlated with IL-6 (very large, r = 0.76) and 8-isoprostane/creatinine (very large, r = -0.72). Multi-day stage-racing increases inflammation, lipid peroxidation, muscle damage and soreness without oxidative DNA damage. High TAC is associated with reduced exercise-induced lipid peroxidation, but is not related to immune response or muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Rowlands
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Pvt Box 756, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
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TANSKANEN MINNAM, UUSITALO ARJAL, KINNUNEN HANNU, HÄKKINEN KEIJO, KYRÖLÄINEN HEIKKI, ATALAY MUSTAFA. Association of Military Training with Oxidative Stress and Overreaching. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43:1552-60. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182106d81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Atalay M, Bilginoglu A, Kokkola T, Oksala N, Turan B. Treatments with sodium selenate or doxycycline offset diabetes-induced perturbations of thioredoxin-1 levels and antioxidant capacity. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 351:125-31. [PMID: 21246260 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defenses. Thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1) is a cytosolic thiol antioxidant and redox-active protein which plays a vital role in the maintenance of reduced intracellular redox state. In this study, the authors examined whether 4-week treatments with sodium selenate and doxycycline--a metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor which also has antioxidant-like effects--offset perturbations in oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in rat liver and skeletal muscle in streptozotocin-induced diabetes (SID) model. Experimental diabetes decreased TRX-1 levels in skeletal muscle and liver. On the other hand, SID increased oxidative stress marker protein carbonyl levels and decreased oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), an indicator of antioxidant capacity, in liver. A 4-week treatment of sodium selenate to diabetic rats decreased blood glucose levels moderately, while doxycycline treatment caused a reduction in weight loss of diabetic rats. Both doxycycline and sodium selenate prevented diabetes-induced decrease of TRX-1 levels in skeletal muscle, whereas only doxyxycline was effectively preventing diabetes-induced decrease of TRX-1 in liver. Furthermore, both treatments prevented diabetes-induced altered levels of protein carbonyls and ORAC in liver, and restored free and total protein thiol levels in both skeletal muscle and liver. In conclusion, the data of this study provides further evidence that sodium selenate and doxycycline treatments may control oxidative stress and improve antioxidant defense in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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23
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MINAMI Y, KAWAI M, MIGITA TC, HIRAGA A, MIYATA H. Free Radical Formation after Intensive Exercise in Thoroughbred Skeletal Muscles. J Equine Sci 2011; 22:21-8. [PMID: 24833984 PMCID: PMC4013973 DOI: 10.1294/jes.22.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although high oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle may result in severe oxidative
stress, there are no direct studies that have documented free radical production in horse
muscles after intensive exercise. To find a new parameter indicating the muscle adaptation
state for the training of Thoroughbred horses, we examined free radical formation in the
muscle by using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Ten male Thoroughbred horses
received conventional training for 18 weeks. Before and after the training period, all
horses performed an exhaustive incremental load exercise on a 6% incline treadmill. Muscle
samples of the middle gluteal muscle were taken pre-exercise and 1 min, 1 hr, and 1 day
after exercise. Muscle fiber type composition was also determined in the pre-exercise
samples by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody to myosin heavy chain. We
measured the free radical in the muscle homogenate using EPR at room temperature, and the
amount was expressed as relative EPR signal intensity. There was a significant increase in
Type IIA muscle fiber composition and a decrease in Type IIX fiber composition after the
training period. Before the training period, the mean value of the relative EPR signal
intensity showed a significant increase over the pre-exercise value at 1 min after the
exercise and an incomplete recovery at 24 hr after the exercise. While no significant
changes were found in the relative EPR signal intensity after the training period. There
was a significant relationship between percentages of Type IIA fiber and change rates in
EPR signal intensity at 1 min after exercise. The measurement of free radicals may be
useful for determining the muscle adaptation state in the training of Thoroughbred
horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio MINAMI
- Biological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University
| | - Minako KAWAI
- Biological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University
| | - Taiko C. MIGITA
- Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | | | - Hirofumi MIYATA
- Biological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University
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Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between oxidative stress and overtraining syndrome. Indicators of oxidative stress (plasma protein carbonyls, nitrotyrosine, and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant status (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) were measured in severely overtrained (two women, five men) and control athletes (five women, five men). Samples were collected from both groups at baseline (i.e. in the overtraining state of overtrained athletes) and after 6 months of recovery, both at rest and immediately after an exercise test to volitional exhaustion. At baseline, overtrained athletes had higher plasma protein carbonyls at rest than controls (mean difference 0.03 nmol . mg(-1), 95% CI = 0.01-0.05 nmol . mg(-1), P = 0.003, effect size = 0.40). Both at baseline and after recovery, exercise to exhaustion led to an increase in oxygen radical absorbance capacity and malondialdehyde (P = 0.001-0.006) in the controls but not in the overtrained athletes. Furthermore, at baseline, only overtrained athletes showed negative correlations between oxygen radical absorbance capacity at rest and protein carbonyls after exhaustive exercise (r = -0.98, P = 0.0001). These results suggest that increased oxidative stress has a role in the pathophysiology of overtraining syndrome. The attenuated responses of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity to exercise in the overtrained state could be related to an inability to perform exercise effectively and impaired adaptation to exercise.
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Kinnunen S, Oksala N, Hyyppä S, Sen CK, Radak Z, Laaksonen DE, Szabó B, Jakus J, Atalay M. alpha-Lipoic acid modulates thiol antioxidant defenses and attenuates exercise-induced oxidative stress in standardbred trotters. Free Radic Res 2010; 43:697-705. [PMID: 19548154 DOI: 10.1080/10715760903037673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Several micronutrient supplementation strategies are used to cope with oxidative stress, although their benefits have recently been questioned. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of DL-alpha-lipoic acid (LA) in response to acute exercise and during recovery in horses. Six standardbred trotters were tested on the treadmill before and after 5-week LA supplementation (25 mg/kg body weight/day). According to electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, strenuous aerobic exercise increased significantly free radical formation in the gluteus medius muscle, which was prevented by LA supplementation. The activities of thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase in muscle were significantly increased in LA-treated horses, but neither LA nor exercise affected muscle thioredoxin activity. LA increased the concentration of total glutathione in muscle at rest and during recovery. Treatment with LA blunted the exercise-induced increase in plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity and decreased the post-exercise levels of lipid hydroperoxides in plasma and malondialdehyde in plasma and in muscle. These findings suggest that LA enhances thiol antioxidant defences and decreases exercise-induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Kinnunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland
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Gondim FJ, Zoppi CC, dos Reis Silveira L, Pereira-da-Silva L, Vaz de Macedo D. Possible Relationship Between Performance and Oxidative Stress in Endurance Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Protein carbonyl assay to measure oxidative stress in muscle of exercising horses supplemented with vitamin E. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s1478061509356121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fisher-Wellman K, Bloomer RJ. Acute exercise and oxidative stress: a 30 year history. DYNAMIC MEDICINE : DM 2009; 8:1. [PMID: 19144121 PMCID: PMC2642810 DOI: 10.1186/1476-5918-8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The topic of exercise-induced oxidative stress has received considerable attention in recent years, with close to 300 original investigations published since the early work of Dillard and colleagues in 1978. Single bouts of aerobic and anaerobic exercise can induce an acute state of oxidative stress. This is indicated by an increased presence of oxidized molecules in a variety of tissues. Exercise mode, intensity, and duration, as well as the subject population tested, all can impact the extent of oxidation. Moreover, the use of antioxidant supplements can impact the findings. Although a single bout of exercise often leads to an acute oxidative stress, in accordance with the principle of hormesis, such an increase appears necessary to allow for an up-regulation in endogenous antioxidant defenses. This review presents a comprehensive summary of original investigations focused on exercise-induced oxidative stress. This should provide the reader with a well-documented account of the research done within this area of science over the past 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Fisher-Wellman
- Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, The University of Memphis, 161F Elma Neal Roane Fieldhouse, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Richard J Bloomer
- Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, The University of Memphis, 161F Elma Neal Roane Fieldhouse, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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Zenkevich IG, Ishchenko EV, Makarov VG, Makarova MN, Selezneva AI. New examples of the involvement of air oxygen in chemical reactions in solution. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363208090077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Ryhänen T, Mannermaa E, Oksala N, Viiri J, Paimela T, Salminen A, Atalay M, Kaarniranta K. Radicicol but not geldanamycin evokes oxidative stress response and efflux protein inhibition in ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 584:229-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 01/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Venojärvi M, Aunola S, Puhke R, Marniemi J, Hämäläinen H, Halonen JP, Lindström J, Rastas M, Hällsten K, Nuutila P, Hänninen O, Atalay M. Exercise training with dietary counselling increases mitochondrial chaperone expression in middle-aged subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. BMC Endocr Disord 2008; 8:3. [PMID: 18371210 PMCID: PMC2330145 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-8-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance and diabetes are associated with increased oxidative stress and impairment of cellular defence systems. Our purpose was to investigate the interaction between glucose metabolism, antioxidative capacity and heat shock protein (HSP) defence in different skeletal muscle phenotypes among middle-aged obese subjects during a long-term exercise and dietary intervention. As a sub-study of the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS), 22 persons with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) taking part in the intervention volunteered to give samples from the vastus lateralis muscle. Subjects were divided into two sub-groups (IGTslow and IGTfast) on the basis of their baseline myosin heavy chain profile. Glucose metabolism, oxidative stress and HSP expressions were measured before and after the 2-year intervention. RESULTS Exercise training, combined with dietary counselling, increased the expression of mitochondrial chaperones HSP60 and glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) in the vastus lateralis muscle in the IGTslow group and that of HSP60 in the IGTfast group. In cytoplasmic chaperones HSP72 or HSP90 no changes took place. In the IGTslow group, a significant positive correlation between the increased muscle content of HSP60 and the oxygen radical absorbing capacity values and, in the IGTfast group, between the improved VO2max value and the increased protein expression of GRP75 were found. Serum uric acid concentrations decreased in both sub-groups and serum protein carbonyl concentrations decreased in the IGTfast group. CONCLUSION The 2-year intervention up-regulated mitochondrial HSP expressions in middle-aged subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. These improvements, however, were not correlated directly with enhanced glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Venojärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Kuopio, POB 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Medical Laboratory Technology, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Ruiskatu 8, FI-20721, Turku, Finland
- Department of Health and Functional Capacity, Laboratory for Population Research, National Public Health Institute, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirkka Aunola
- Department of Health and Functional Capacity, Laboratory for Population Research, National Public Health Institute, Turku, Finland
| | - Raivo Puhke
- Institute of Exercise Biology and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jukka Marniemi
- Department of Health and Functional Capacity, Laboratory for Population Research, National Public Health Institute, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Jaana Lindström
- Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, Diabetes Unit, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja Rastas
- Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, Nutrition Unit, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Osmo Hänninen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Kuopio, POB 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Kuopio, POB 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to the cellular injury and pathologic change that occurs when there is an imbalance favoring oxidants over antioxidants within a living organism. In human medicine, oxidative stress has been implicated in numerous disease processes, which has led to further research into the clinical benefits and efficacy of antioxidant therapy. The evaluation of oxidative stress in the horse has been limited primarily to ischemia-reperfusion injury of the gastrointestinal tract, recurrent airway obstruction, exercise, osteoarthritis, equine motor neuron disease, and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Each of these is examined in this review in terms of the current evidence for oxidative stress as well as the evidence for current antioxidant therapy in equine medicine and the potential of future research and therapies. Oxidative stress research is currently an emerging field with relevance to the equine critical patient.
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Kirschvink N, de Moffarts B, Lekeux P. The oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium in horses. Vet J 2007; 177:178-91. [PMID: 17897849 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since "free radical research" started in 1954, understanding the role of oxidants and antioxidants in physiological and pathological conditions has increased continuously. Oxidants are essentially generated by metabolic enzymes, inflammatory cells and mitochondrial electron leakage; they are indispensable for the cellular redox regulation and may, under certain conditions, have a pro-inflammatory stimulatory role. Endogenous and exogenous antioxidants counterbalance the oxidative processes and so maintain the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium. Excessive oxidant generation or antioxidant insufficiency can lead to oxidative stress. The aims of this review are: (1) to provide an insight into the concept of the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium by briefly introducing the oxidant and the antioxidant systems; (2) to describe how the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium or oxidative stress can be evaluated in horses, and (3) to summarise current knowledge about oxidative stress in equine medicine and equine exercise physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Kirschvink
- Animal Physiology, Department for Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Namur, Belgium.
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Oksala NKJ, Paimela H, Alhava E, Atalay M. Heat shock preconditioning induces protein carbonylation and alters antioxidant protection in superficially injured guinea pig gastric mucosa in vitro. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:1897-905. [PMID: 17417732 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Accepted: 12/23/2005] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
According to our previous studies, heat shock preconditioning of gastric mucosa requires modulation of protein synthesis and eicosanoid pathways to induce protection against superficial injury. This may be caused by heat shock-induced oxidative stress. We studied the effect of heat shock preconditioning with normothermic recovery on redox status in superficially injured (1.25 mmol NaCl for 5 min) Ussing chamber perfused guinea pig gastric mucosa allowed to recover for 3 hr after injury. Protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, level of superoxide dismutase, level of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), and level of oxygen radical absorbance capacity were measured. Superficial injury increased lipid peroxidation. Heat shock preconditioning decreased oxygen radical absorbance capacity and increased protein carbonyl and HSP72 levels, but inhibited electrophysiologic recovery. Exposure to indomethacin and arachidonic acid (AA) partially abolished this pro-oxidative and inhibitory effect on recovery, but maintained HSP72 levels and decreased protein carbonyls, lipid peroxidation, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity. In conclusion, superficial injury increased lipid peroxidation. Heat shock preconditioning alone induced oxidative stress via indomethacin- and AA-sensitive mechanisms. The development of optimal cytoprotective strategy may therefore require control of oxidative stress and modulation of the eicosanoid pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niku K J Oksala
- Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
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Abstract
Chemical reactions, including oxidation and reduction of molecules, occur in every cell. These reactions can lead to the production of free radicals. Free radicals react with organic substrates such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Through oxidation free radicals cause damage to these molecules, disturbing their normal function, and may therefore contribute to a variety of diseases. The anti-oxidation system, which consists of enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants, defends against oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to summarize general aspects of methods to measure the antioxidant defence system all in one (total antioxidant capacity) and discuss a number of methods which are currently used for detection of antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Somogyi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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