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Faricier R, Micheli L, Guluzade NA, Murias JM, Keir DA. A modified step-ramp-step protocol to prescribe constant-speed exercise in treadmill running. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05542-y. [PMID: 38980336 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated whether a running-adapted version of the cycling-based "step-ramp-step" (SRS) protocol would improve prediction of V ˙ O2 in treadmill exercise compared to the traditional prescriptive approach. METHODS Fourteen healthy individuals (6 females; 25 ± 6 years; 66.1 ± 12.7 kg) performed a treadmill-based SRS protocol including a ramp-incremental test to task failure followed by two constant-speed bouts within the moderate-(MODstep-below estimated lactate threshold; θLT), and heavy-intensity domains (HVYstep-between θLT and respiratory compensation point; RCP). Using the uncorrected V ˙ O2-to-speed relationship from the ramp exercise, three constant-speed bouts were performed at 40-50% between: baseline and θLT (CSEMOD); θLT and RCP (CSEHVY); and RCP and peak (CSESEV). For CSEMOD, CSEHVY, and CSESEV measured end-exercise V ˙ O2 was compared to predicted V ˙ O2 based on the: (i) "SRS-corrected" V ˙ O2-to-speed relationship (where MODstep and HVYstep were used to adjust the V ˙ O2 relative to speed); and (ii) linear "uncorrected" data. RESULTS Average treadmill speeds for CSEMOD and CSEHVY were 7.8 ± 0.8 and 11.0 ± 1.4 km·h-1, respectively, eliciting end-exercise V ˙ O2 of 1979 ± 390 and 2574 ± 540 mL·min-1. End-exercise V ˙ O2 values were not different compared to SRS-predicted V ˙ O2 at CSEMOD (mean difference: 5 ± 166 mL·min-1; p = 0.912) and CSEHVY (20 ± 128 mL·min-1; p = 0.568). The linear "uncorrected" estimates were not different for CSEMOD (- 91 ± 172 mL·min-1; p = 0.068) but lower for CSEHVY (- 195 ± 146 mL·min-1; p < 0.001). For CSESEV (running speed: 13.8 ± 1.7 km·h-1), the end-exercise V ˙ O2 was not different from peak V ˙ O2 achieved during the ramp (3027 ± 682 vs. 2979 ± 655 mL·min-1; p = 0.231). CONCLUSION In healthy individuals, the SRS protocol more accurately predicts speeds for a target V ˙ O2 compared to traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Faricier
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Micheli
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Nasimi A Guluzade
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Juan M Murias
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Daniel A Keir
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada.
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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Chase CJ, Aguiar EJ, Moore CC, Chipkin SR, Staudenmayer J, Tudor-Locke C, Ducharme SW. Cadence (steps/min) as an indicator of the walk-to-run transition. Hum Mov Sci 2023; 90:103117. [PMID: 37336086 PMCID: PMC10526715 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans naturally transition from walking to running at a point known as the walk-to-run transition (WRT). The WRT commonly occurs at a speed of ∼2.1 m/s (m/s) or a Froude number (dimensionless value considering leg length) of 0.5. Emerging evidence suggests the WRT can also be classified using a cadence of 140 steps/min. An accurate cadence-based WRT metric would aid in classifying wearable technology minute-level step metrics as walking vs. running. PURPOSE To evaluate performance of 1) WRT predictors directly identified from a treadmill-based dataset of sequentially faster bouts, and 2) accepted WRT predictors compiled from previous literature. METHODS Twenty-eight adults (71.4% men; age = 36.6 ± 12.8 years, BMI = 26.2 ± 4.7 kg/m2) completed a series of five-minute treadmill walking bouts increasing in 0.2 m/s increments until they freely chose to run. Optimal WRT values for speed, Froude number, and cadence were identified using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. WRT value performance was evaluated via classification accuracy metrics. RESULTS Overall accuracies (metric, percent) according to WRT predictors from previous literature were: speed (2.1 m/s, 55.0%), Froude number (0.5, 76.8%), and cadence (140 steps/min, 91.1%), and those from the dataset herein were: speed (1.9 and 2.0 m/s, 78.6%), Froude number (0.68, 77.3%), and cadence (134, 139, and 141 steps/min, 92.9%). The three equally accurate cadence values support a heuristic range of cadence-based WRT values in young and middle-aged adults: 135-140 steps/min. SIGNIFICANCE A tight range of cadence values performed better as WRT predictors compared to either previously reported or directly identified speed or Froude number values. These findings have important implications for gait classification, especially considering cadence is a simple metric which can be readily assessed across settings using direct observation or wearable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen J Chase
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Elroy J Aguiar
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Christopher C Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stuart R Chipkin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - John Staudenmayer
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Catrine Tudor-Locke
- College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Scott W Ducharme
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
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Serial vs. Integrated Outdoor Combined Training Programs for Health Promotion in Middle-Aged Males. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10080122. [PMID: 36006087 PMCID: PMC9416765 DOI: 10.3390/sports10080122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the training and detraining effects of outdoor serial and integrated combined exercise programs on health, functional capacity, and physical fitness indices. Fifty-one untrained overweight/obese males (47 ± 4 years) were divided into a serial combined (SCG), an integrated combined (ICG), or a control (CG) group. The SCG and ICG implemented a 3-month training (3 sessions/week) consisting of walking and body weight exercises. The only difference between SCG and ICG was the sequence of aerobic and strength training. In SCG, the strength training was performed before aerobic training, while in ICG the aerobic and the strength training were alternated repeatedly in a predetermined order. Health, functional capacity, and physical fitness indices were measured before the training, following the termination of programs, and 1-month after training cessation. Following the training, both the SCG and ICG groups showed reduced blood pressure, heart rate, body fat, and waist-to-hip ratio (3−11%; p < 0.001), with improved respiratory function, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, flexibility, and balance (14−61%; p < 0.001). After 1-month of training cessation, significant reductions (p < 0.05) were observed in health indices and physical fitness without returning to baseline levels. However, there were no differences between SCG and ICG after training and training cessation (p > 0.05). In CG, all the above variables did not change. Furthermore, a great percentage of participants in both exercise groups (90%) reported high levels of enjoyment. In conclusion, both serial and integrated outdoor combined walking and body weight strength training programs are enjoyable and equally effective for improving health, functional capacity, and physical fitness indices in overweight/obese middle-aged males.
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Wicks JR, Turner GT, Leslie SL, Jayasinghe R. Changes Observed in the 6-minute Walk Test in Response to Exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation. EXERCISE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.26644/em.2022.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is widely used in exercise based cardiac rehabilitation (EBCR) for assessment of functional capacity. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of structured exercise in an EBCR program on 6MWT change and to determine the significance of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), pathology and exercise attendance on influencing this outcome.Methods: Data from a single centre 6-week (twice weekly exercise and education of one-hour duration) exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program were analysed. Between 2006 and 2019, 2524 patients (males 1923, females 601, mean age 63.5 ± 11.2 years) with cardiovascular disease completed a pre and post 6MWT. Analysis included the effect of age, gender, pathology, BMI and exercise attendance on 6MWT outcome.Results: The group mean improvement in the 6MWT was 21.8% (pre 6MWT 432 ± 83, post 6MWT 527 ± 102 metres). The age-related improvement showed that both males and females achieved a post 6MWT results equivalent to the pre 6MWT result of patients two decades younger with improvement in the 6MWT unrelated to exercise attendance.Conclusions: The 6MWT provides simple safe method for assessment of functional capacity in an out-of-hospital environment being suitable for all ages. The post EBCR 6MWT results showed a group mean improvement in excess of 20% for both sexes. The decline per decade in 6MWT distance is less than 20 metres up to the sixth decade with a more marked decline from the sixth to the eighth decade, the decline being approximately 40-metres for both sexes in the eighth decade.
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Letnes JM, Berglund I, Johnson KE, Dalen H, Nes BM, Lydersen S, Viken H, Hassel E, Steinshamn S, Vesterbekkmo EK, Støylen A, Reitlo LS, Zisko N, Bækkerud FH, Tari AR, Ingebrigtsen JE, Sandbakk SB, Carlsen T, Anderssen SA, Singh MAF, Coombes JS, Helbostad JL, Rognmo Ø, Wisløff U, Stensvold D. Effect of 5 years of exercise training on the cardiovascular risk profile of older adults: the Generation 100 randomized trial. Eur Heart J 2021; 43:2065-2075. [PMID: 34746955 PMCID: PMC9156390 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 5 years of supervised exercise training (ExComb), and the differential effects of subgroups of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), with control on the cardiovascular risk profile in older adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Older adults aged 70-77 years from Trondheim, Norway (n = 1567, 50% women), able to safely perform exercise training were randomized to 5 years of two weekly sessions of HIIT [∼90% of peak heart rate (HR), n = 400] or MICT (∼70% of peak HR, n = 387), together forming ExComb (n = 787), or control (instructed to follow physical activity recommendations, n = 780). The main outcome was a continuous cardiovascular risk score (CCR), individual cardiovascular risk factors, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). CCR was not significantly lower [-0.19, 99% confidence interval (CI) -0.46 to 0.07] and VO2peak was not significantly higher (0.39 mL/kg/min, 99% CI -0.22 to 1.00) for ExComb vs. control. HIIT showed higher VO2peak (0.76 mL/kg/min, 99% CI 0.02-1.51), but not lower CCR (-0.32, 99% CI -0.64 to 0.01) vs. control. MICT did not show significant differences compared to control or HIIT. Individual risk factors mostly did not show significant between-group differences, with some exceptions for HIIT being better than control. There was no significant effect modification by sex. The number of cardiovascular events was similar across groups. The healthy and fit study sample, and contamination and cross-over between intervention groups, challenged the possibility of detecting between-group differences. CONCLUSIONS Five years of supervised exercise training in older adults had little effect on cardiovascular risk profile and did not reduce cardiovascular events. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01666340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Magne Letnes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway.,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Kirkegata 2, Levanger 7600, Norway
| | - Ida Berglund
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Kristin E Johnson
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Håvard Dalen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway.,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, Kirkegata 2, Levanger 7600, Norway
| | - Bjarne M Nes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Hallgeir Viken
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Erlend Hassel
- Norwegian Armed Forces Occupational Health Service, Post Box 800, Lillehammer 2617, Norway.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Clinic of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Sigurd Steinshamn
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Clinic of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Kleivhaug Vesterbekkmo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Støylen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Line S Reitlo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Nina Zisko
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Fredrik H Bækkerud
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Atefe R Tari
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Ingebrigtsen
- Department of Sociology and Political Science, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Silvana B Sandbakk
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Teacher Education, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Trude Carlsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Sigmund A Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, Oslo 0863, Norway
| | - Maria A Fiatarone Singh
- Sydney School of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, 1200 Centre St, Boston, MA 02131, USA
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, University of Queensland, Human Movement Studies Building, St Lucia QLD, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Jorunn L Helbostad
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Øivind Rognmo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, University of Queensland, Human Movement Studies Building, St Lucia QLD, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Dorthe Stensvold
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post Box 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
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Marcos-Pardo PJ, González-Gálvez N, Gea-García GM, López-Vivancos A, Espeso-García A, Gomes de Souza Vale R. Sarcopenia as a Mediator of the Effect of a Gerontogymnastics Program on Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Overweight and Obese Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197064. [PMID: 32992531 PMCID: PMC7578986 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to analyze the effect of a gerontogymnastics program on functional ability and fitness on overweight and obese older woman and to understand if sarcopenia mediates its effect. This randomized controlled trial involved 216 overweight and obese women. The experimental group (EG) carried out 12 weeks of a gerontogymnastics program. The assessment was of gait speed, cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity, and muscle strength. EG showed significant improvements in almost every test. When the effect of training was adjusted by gait speed, the improvement of the 6 min walk test (MWT) for the trained group was no longer significant (p = 0.127). The improvement of the 6 MWT was significantly and positively associated with the 10 m test (β = −10.087). After including the 10-m test in the equations, the association between the 6MWT and carrying out the training program decreased but remained significant (β = −19.904). The mediation analysis showed a significant, direct and indirect effect with a significant Sobel test value (z = 6.606 ± 7.733; p = 0.000). These results indicate that a gerontogymnastics program improves functional capacity and fitness; and the effect of a gerontogymnastics program on CRF is mediated by sarcopenia in older women who are overweight and obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Noelia González-Gálvez
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gemma María Gea-García
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Abraham López-Vivancos
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Espeso-García
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
| | - Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Estacio de Sa University, 20261-063 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Pitta A, Pereira G, Lara JPR, Beck JKM, Wolf R, Mayor JJV, Moreira NB, Rodacki ALF. The Effects of Different Exergame Intensity Training on Walking Speed in Older Women. Games Health J 2019; 9:121-128. [PMID: 31770007 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2019.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: It is not known if the intensity in which exergames are performed can change gait parameters at different walking speeds. This study was designed to determine if a training program based on exergame exercises performed at different intensities (moderate vs. vigorous) influences walking speed and gait parameters in older adult women. Methods: After applying the inclusion criteria, 20 participants (69.5 ± 5.4 years) were randomized into two groups: moderate (11-13 perceived exertion) and vigorous (14-16 perceived exertion). Walking speed and gait parameters at self-selected walking speed (SSWS) and maximal walking speed (MWS) were evaluated before and after 3 months of exergame training. The walking speed and gait parameters were measured with an instrumented walkway. The walking speed reserve (WSR) was calculated as a difference and ratio. Results: There was pre-to-post effect of walking speed at self-selected walking pace (pre = 112.1 ± 16.4 cm.s-1; post = 124.8 ± 16.4 cm.s-1), in WSR calculated as ratio (pre = 1.35 ± 0.08; post = 1.28 ± 0.09), in a number of gait parameters at SSWS (step length, stride length, stride velocity, step time, stride time, swing time, stance time, single support, double support, gait cycle time, and cadence) and at MWS (step time, stride time, swing time, single support, double support, gait cycle time, and cadence). Conclusion: Irrespective of the exercise intensity, exergame training improved walking speed only at a self-selected walking pace and some gait parameters at self-selected and MWS in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Pitta
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gleber Pereira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Wolf
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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Boffey D, Harat I, Gepner Y, Frosti CL, Funk S, Hoffman JR. The Physiology and Biomechanics of Load Carriage Performance. Mil Med 2018; 184:e83-e90. [DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Boffey
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Idan Harat
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Yftach Gepner
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Cheyanne L Frosti
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Shany Funk
- Israel Defense Forces, Combat Fitness Branch, Netanya, Israel
| | - Jay R Hoffman
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
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9
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Webber JT, Raichlen DA. The role of plantigrady and heel-strike in the mechanics and energetics of human walking with implications for the evolution of the human foot. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 219:3729-3737. [PMID: 27903628 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.138610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human bipedal locomotion is characterized by a habitual heel-strike (HS) plantigrade gait, yet the significance of walking foot-posture is not well understood. To date, researchers have not fully investigated the costs of non-heel-strike (NHS) walking. Therefore, we examined walking speed, walk-to-run transition speed, estimated locomotor costs (lower limb muscle volume activated during walking), impact transient (rapid increase in ground force at touchdown) and effective limb length (ELL) in subjects (n=14) who walked at self-selected speeds using HS and NHS gaits. HS walking increases ELL compared with NHS walking since the center of pressure translates anteriorly from heel touchdown to toe-off. NHS gaits led to decreased absolute walking speeds (P=0.012) and walk-to-run transition speeds (P=0.0025), and increased estimated locomotor energy costs (P<0.0001) compared with HS gaits. These differences lost significance after using the dynamic similarity hypothesis to account for the effects of foot landing posture on ELL. Thus, reduced locomotor costs and increased maximum walking speeds in HS gaits are linked to the increased ELL compared with NHS gaits. However, HS walking significantly increases impact transient values at all speeds (P<0.0001). These trade-offs may be key to understanding the functional benefits of HS walking. Given the current debate over the locomotor mechanics of early hominins and the range of foot landing postures used by nonhuman apes, we suggest the consistent use of HS gaits provides key locomotor advantages to striding bipeds and may have appeared early in hominin evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Webber
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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10
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Effects of a 12-week, short-interval, intermittent, low-intensity, slow-jogging program on skeletal muscle, fat infiltration, and fitness in older adults: randomized controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 117:7-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Monteiro WD, Cunha FA, Ivo EX, Freire RA, Silva BS, Farinatti P. Physiological strain to prolonged exercise bouts at the walk-run transition speeds depends on locomotion mode in healthy untrained men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:762-769. [PMID: 27230405 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the physiological strain induced by prolonged walking and running performed at the walk-run transition speed (WRTS) in healthy untrained men. Twenty volunteers (age: 28 ± 5.01 years; height: 174.0 ± 0.3 cm; body mass: 74.5 ± 0.6 kg) underwent the following: (a) ramp-incremental maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET); (b) specific protocol to detect the WRTS; and (c) two 30-min walking and running bouts at WRTS (mean ± SD: 6.9 ± 0.06 km/h). Expired gases were collected during exercise bouts via the metabolic cart. A significant effect of locomotion mode (F = 4.8, P < 0.001) was observed with running resulting in higher cardiorespiratory responses than walking at the WRTS (oxygen uptake: mean difference = 0.26 L/min; pulmonary ventilation: mean difference = 5.53 L/min; carbon dioxide output: mean difference = 0.32 L/min; heart rate: mean difference = 13 beats/min; total energy expenditure: mean difference = 59 kcal). The rating of perceived exertion was similar across locomotion modes (mean difference = 0.3; P = 0.490). In conclusion, running promoted greater cardiorespiratory responses than walking at the WRTS in untrained healthy men. These data might have practical impact on aerobic training performed at intensities corresponding to WRTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Monteiro
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F A Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E X Ivo
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R A Freire
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B S Silva
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Farinatti
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Yu F, Demorest SL, Vock DM. Testing a modified perceived exertion scale for Alzheimer's disease. Psych J 2015; 4:38-46. [DOI: 10.1002/pchj.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- School of Nursing; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | | | - David M. Vock
- Department of Biostatistics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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13
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Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether adding mass to subjects’ feet affects the preferred transition speed (PTS), and to ascertain whether selected swing phase variables (maximum ankle dorsiflexion angular velocity, angular acceleration, joint moment, and joint power) are determinants of the PTS, based upon four previously established criteria. After the PTS of 24 healthy active male subjects was found, using an incremental protocol in loaded (2 kg mass added to each shoe) and unloaded (shoes only) conditions, subjects walked at three speeds (60%, 80%, and 100% of PTS) and ran at one speed (100% of PTS) on a motor-driven treadmill while relevant data were collected. The PTS of the unloaded condition (2.03 ± 0.12 m/s) was significantly greater (P< .05) than the PTS of the loaded condition (1.94 ± 0.13 m/s). Within both load conditions, all dependent variables increased significantly with walking speed, decreased significantly when gait changed to a run, and were assumed to provide the necessary input to signal a gait transition, fulfilling the requirements of the first three criteria, but only ankle angular velocity reached a critical level before the transition, satisfying all four criteria to be considered a determinant of the PTS.
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14
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Miranda H, Figueiredo T, Rodrigues B, Paz GA, Simão R. Influence of Exercise Order on Repetition Performance Among All Possible Combinations on Resistance Training. Res Sports Med 2013; 21:355-66. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2013.825800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Miranda
- a Federal University of Rio De Janeiro , Rio De Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Simão
- a Federal University of Rio De Janeiro , Rio De Janeiro , Brazil
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15
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Machač S, Procházka M, Radvanský J, Slabý K. Validation of physical activity monitors in individuals with diabetes: energy expenditure estimation by the multisensor SenseWear Armband Pro3 and the step counter Omron HJ-720 against indirect calorimetry during walking. Diabetes Technol Ther 2013; 15:413-8. [PMID: 23557200 PMCID: PMC3643221 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2012.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to test the agreement between energy expenditure estimate of the SenseWear(®) Armband Pro3 (SWA) (BodyMedia, Pittsburgh, PA) and the Omron HJ-720 (Omron Healthcare, Kyoto, Japan) step counter with indirect calorimetry (IC) as a gold standard in older individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus while walking on a treadmill. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In total, six men (60.3±3.1 years old) and 13 women (51.1±11.0 years old) with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Each subject performed three 15-min walking sessions with different combinations of speed and incline (3 km/h, 0%; 4 km/h, 0%; 5 km/h, 5%) on a treadmill. Energy expenditure (EE) was simultaneously measured by the SWA, Omron, and IC. Mean over-/underestimation and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used for statistical evaluation of the agreement between tested methods and IC. RESULTS At the speed of 3 km/h with 0% incline, mean overestimation of +81.19±23.81% was found for SWA (r=0.79, P<0.001) and +70.51±20.91% for Omron (r=0.77, P<0.001). At the speed of 4 km/h and 0% incline, mean overestimation found for SWA was +78.18±33.96% (r=0.63, P<0.01) and +75.77±33.36% for Omron (r=0.52, P<0.05). At the level of high-intensity exercise at the speed of 5 km/h and 5% incline, mean underestimation was -7.88±16.86% for SWA (r=0.74, P<0.001) and -7.37±16.07% for Omron (r=0.75, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Both methods led to considerable overestimation of calculated EE in level walking and a relatively minor underestimation during fast uphill walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Machač
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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16
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Farinatti PT, da Silva NS, Monteiro WD. Influence of Exercise Order on the Number of Repetitions, Oxygen Uptake, and Rate of Perceived Exertion During Strength Training in Younger and Older Women. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27:776-85. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31825d9bc1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Capó-Lugo CE, Mullens CH, Brown DA. Maximum walking speeds obtained using treadmill and overground robot system in persons with post-stroke hemiplegia. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2012; 9:80. [PMID: 23057500 PMCID: PMC3539927 DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-9-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies demonstrated that stroke survivors have a limited capacity to increase their walking speeds beyond their self-selected maximum walking speed (SMWS). The purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of stroke survivors to reach faster speeds than their SMWS while walking on a treadmill belt or while being pushed by a robotic system (i.e. “push mode”). Methods Eighteen chronic stroke survivors with hemiplegia were involved in the study. We calculated their self-selected comfortable walking speed (SCWS) and SMWS overground using a 5-meter walk test (5-MWT). Then, they were exposed to walking at increased speeds, on a treadmill and while in “push mode” in an overground robotic device, the KineAssist, until they were tested at a speed that they could not sustain without losing balance. We recorded the time and number of steps during each trial and calculated gait speed, average cadence and average step length. Results Maximum walking speed in the “push mode” was 13% higher than the maximum walking speed on the treadmill and both were higher (“push mode”: 61%; treadmill: 40%) than the maximum walking speed overground. Subjects achieved these faster speeds by initially increasing both step length and cadence and, once individuals stopped increasing their step length, by only increasing cadence. Conclusions With post-stroke hemiplegia, individuals are able to walk at faster speeds than their SMWS overground, when provided with a safe environment that provides external forces that requires them to attempt dynamic stability maintenance at higher gait speeds. Therefore, this study suggests the possibility that, given the appropriate conditions, people post-stroke can be trained at higher speeds than previously attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen E Capó-Lugo
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Fitness without Exercise in Elderly Men with Chronic Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. J Aging Res 2011; 2012:518045. [PMID: 22187648 PMCID: PMC3236484 DOI: 10.1155/2012/518045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low cardiorespiratory
(CRF) is associated with health problems in elderly people, especially cardiovascular and metabolic disease. However, physical limitations in this population frequently preclude the application of aerobic tests. We developed a model to estimate CRF without aerobic testing in older men with chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Subjects aged from 60 to 91 years were randomly assigned into validation (n = 67) and cross-validation (n = 29) groups. A hierarchical linear regression model included age, self-reported fitness, and handgrip strength normalized to body weight (R2 = 0.79; SEE = 1.1 METs). The PRESS (predicted residual sum of squares) statistics revealed minimal shrinkage in relation to the original model and that predicted by the model and actual CRF correlated well in the cross-validation group (r = 0.85). The area under curve (AUC) values suggested a good accuracy of the model to detect disability in the validation (0.876, 95% CI: 0.793–0.959) and cross-validation groups (0.826, 95% CI: 0.677–0.975). Our findings suggest that CRF can be reliably estimated without exercise test in unhealthy elderly men.
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Beltaifa L, Chaouachi A, Zérifi R, Boussaidi L, Bouzrati I, Abid A, Elkhadi A, Chamari K, Raies A. Walk-run transition speed training as an efficient exercise adjunct to dietary restriction in the management of obesity: a prospective intervention pilot study. Obes Facts 2011; 4:45-52. [PMID: 21372610 PMCID: PMC6444746 DOI: 10.1159/000324579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the utility of preferred walk-run transition speed (WRTS) in exercise training adjunct to dietary restriction for obesity management in healthy obese women. MATERIALS AND METHODS 37 obese women (age: 35 ± 9 years, body mass index (BMI): 34.9 ± 4.6 kg/m(2)) were assigned to an intervention pilot study during 6 months of restricted diet alone (RD) followed by 6 months of RD combined with WRTS (RD and WRTS) as a training exercise. Body mass, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), active cell mass (ACM), fasting glucose, serum lipids (triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apo-lipoproteins A1 (ApoA1) and B (ApoB)], leptin and insulin concentrations, and HOMA-IR were assessed at baseline (T0), at the end of the RD alone (T1), and at the end of the RD and WRTS programme (T2). RESULTS Mean weight loss was 8.6 ± 4.9 kg and 2.2 ± 2.9 kg for (T0-T1) and (T1-T2), respectively. Significant BMI and WC reductions were reported at T1 and T2. FM decreased significantly both with RD and with RD and WRTS training whereas FFM and ACM increased with RD and WRTS training only. TG decreased significantly with the two phases of the programme. A significant increase in HDL-C, and a decrease in LDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratio were noticed with RD and WRTS training. Heart rate monitored in training improved significantly after RD and WRTS training. A significant relationship (r = 0.542, p < 0.02) was demonstrated between reductions in serum leptin and insulin concentrations observed with both RD and WRTS training. CONCLUSION The addition of WRTS training to RD promoted a greater reduction in body mass, WC, FM, leptin and insulin concentrations, improved metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, and enhanced cardiovascular fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Beltaifa
- Tunesian Research Laboratory Sports Performance Optimisation, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
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Monteiro WD, Farinatti PTV, de Oliveira CG, Araújo CGS. Variability of cardio-respiratory, electromyographic, and perceived exertion responses at the walk-run transition in a sample of young men controlled for anthropometric and fitness characteristics. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 111:1017-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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