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de Souza RF, de Matos DG, Lopes Dos Santos J, Andrade Lima C, Reis Pires Ferreira A, Moreno G, Santos Oliveira A, Dutra Pereira D, Knechtle B, Aidar FJ. Effects of ibuprofen during 42-km trail running on oxidative stress, muscle fatigue, muscle damage and performance: a randomized controlled trial. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:400-410. [PMID: 36154349 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2122826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Up to 75% of marathon runners ingest non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during competition. Despite the doubt whether or not they contribute to performance, the effect of NSAID in endurance sports is unclear. We evaluated the effect of ibuprofen (IBU) use on oxidative stress, muscle damage, physical performance, and vertical jump of runners participating in a 42-km-trail running. The sample consisted of 12 men randomly divided into 2 groups: a placebo group (placebo) and an ibuprofen group (IBG). A 400-mg IBU capsule was administered to the IBG 15 min prior to the start of the trial and during the course after 5 h. In the intergroup analysis, placebo 70.1% increase (p < 0.0001; Cohen's d = 4.77) of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); the IBG exhibited a 31.46% increase of the sulphhydryl groups (SH) (p = 0.024, Cohen's d = 0.27), 55% of squat jump (SJ) (p < 0.01; Cohen's d = 1.41) with no significant effect on creatine kinase (CK), pace, speed, and finish time. In summary, IBU had positive evidence on oxidative stress and muscle fatigue, but had no effect on physical performance and muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Fabricio de Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, the Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Master's level in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Dihogo Gama de Matos
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, the Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jymmys Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Clésio Andrade Lima
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Reis Pires Ferreira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, the Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Giselle Moreno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Alan Santos Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Inflammatory Process, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Danielle Dutra Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felipe J Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, the Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Master's level in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
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Huang J, Zhang X, Hong Z, Lin X, Chen F, Lan J, Zhang Z, Deng H. Associations of plasma retinol and α-tocopherol levels with skeletal muscle health in Chinese children. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:2174-2181. [PMID: 37341020 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Childhood is a critical period for muscle accumulation. Studies in elders have reported that antioxidant vitamins could improve muscle health. However, limited studies have assessed such associations in children. This study included 243 boys and 183 girls. A seventy-nine-item FFQ was used to investigate dietary nutrients intake. Plasma levels of retinol and α-tocopherol were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with MS. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and total body fat. The ASM index (ASMI) and ASMI Z-score were then calculated. Hand grip strength was measured using a Jamar® Plus+ Hand Dynamometer. Fully adjusted multiple linear regression models showed that for each unit increase in plasma retinol content, ASM, ASMI, left HGS and ASMI Z-score increased by 2·43 × 10-3 kg, 1·33 × 10-3 kg/m2, 3·72 × 10-3 kg and 2·45 × 10-3 in girls, respectively (P < 0·001-0·050). ANCOVA revealed a dose-response relationship between tertiles of plasma retinol level and muscle indicators (Ptrend: 0·001-0·007). The percentage differences between the top and bottom tertiles were 8·38 %, 6·26 %, 13·2 %, 12·1 % and 116 % for ASM, ASMI, left HGS, right HGS and ASMI Z-score in girls, respectively (Pdiff: 0·005-0·020). No such associations were observed in boys. Plasma α-tocopherol levels were not correlated with muscle indicators in either sex. In conclusion, high circulating retinol levels are positively associated with muscle mass and strength in school-age girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanrui Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyan Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheqing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510400, People's Republic of China
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Huang CJ, Rodriguez AL, Visavadiya NP, Fico BG, Slusher AL, Ferrandi PJ, Whitehurst M. An exploratory investigation of apoptotic and autophagic responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells following maximal aerobic exercise in obese individuals. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:209-216. [PMID: 31564171 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1671875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical molecular process in promoting cell survival against apoptosis. This study examined whether maximal aerobic exercise-mediated apoptosis in obesity might be underlying the involvement of autophagy in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Twelve healthy male subjects (6 obese and 6 normal-weight) were recruited to participate in a maximal graded exercise test on a treadmill. Obese subjects exhibited a significantly lower Bax, but a higher Bcl-2 protein level in conjunction with a reduced Bax/Bcl-2 AUCi compared to normal-weight subjects following exercise. Furthermore, a greater LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and LC3-II/LC3-I AUCi was observed in obese subjects compared to normal-weight subjects. LC3-II/LC3-I AUCi was also positively associated with obesity-associated parameters (BMI, waist/hip circumference, and fasting insulin level), but was negatively correlated with Bax/Bcl-2 AUCi. These findings demonstrate that maximal aerobic exercise differentially mediates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and autophagic activity in human PBMCs isolated from obese compared to normal-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra L Rodriguez
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Nishant P Visavadiya
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Brandon G Fico
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Aaron L Slusher
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter J Ferrandi
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Whitehurst
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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Injury Incidence and Pattern in Elite Young Male and Female Trail Runners. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the injury incidence in young trail runners according to the body region, type, mode of onset, and moment of occurrence, both in total and detailed by sex. Thirty-five male and sixteen female young elite trail runners, aged between 15 and 22 years, completed a questionnaire regarding the injury incidence in the last 2 years. Comparison of the proportions of the injury incidence within groups (all, male, and female runners) and between groups (male vs. female runners) was computed using z and Fisher’s exact tests. Results showed that most of the injuries in male runners occurred in ankle (54.3%; p < 0.001; ES = 0.520). New injuries were the most common type in male (60.0%; p < 0.001; ES = 0.829) and female runners (52.0%; p = 0.005; ES = 0.585). Acute sudden onset (55.7%; p = 0.002; ES = 0.722) and repetitive sudden onset injuries (48.0%; p = 0.002; ES = 0.141) were the most frequent in male and female athletes, respectively. Joint sprains (48.6%; p < 0.001; 0.464) were the most reported injuries in male runners. Comparative analysis between sexes showed that exacerbation injuries were higher in females (24.0%) than in male runners (8.6%), with p = 0.046 (ES = 0.205). However, female runners reported less incidence by acute sudden onset injuries (32.0%) than male runners (55.7%), with p = 0.042 (ES = 0.209). Young trail runners showed a specific injury profile due to the distinctive characteristics of the mountain terrain compared to the athletic modalities.
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Non-Invasive Measurement of Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Response to Physical Activity. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122008. [PMID: 34943111 PMCID: PMC8698343 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity may benefit health by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the selection of suitable exercise-induced oxidative stress biomarkers is still challenging. This study aimed at systematically summarizing the available evidence on exercise-induced oxidative stress measured in urine and/or saliva. Two meta-analyses including the most frequently quantified biomarkers of oxidative stress, namely, urinary isoprostane and DNA oxidation products, were performed. Three electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL) were interrogated. Among 4479 records, 43 original articles were included in the systematic review and 11 articles were included in meta-analysis I and II, respectively. We observed a pooled trend of increase of urinary isoprostanes in response to physical activity (+0.95, 95% CI: -0.18; 2.09). In comparison with aerobic exercise, anaerobic training determined a greater induction of isoprostanes (+5.21, 95% CI: 2.76; 7.66, p < 0.0001), which were markedly increased after vigorous physical activity (+6.01, 95% CI: 1.18; 10.84, p < 0.001) and slightly decreased in response to exercise interventions protracted over time (e.g., months) (-1.19, 95% CI: -2.25; -0.12, p < 0.001). We recommend the most integrative approach of oxidative stress multi-marker panels in response to physical activity instead of selecting one preferential biomarker to quantify physical activity-induced oxidative stress in humans.
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Pradas F, Falcón D, Peñarrubia-Lozano C, Toro-Román V, Carrasco L, Castellar C. Effects of Ultratrail Running on Neuromuscular Function, Muscle Damage and Hydration Status. Differences According to Training Level. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5119. [PMID: 34065969 PMCID: PMC8150532 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The status of trail running races has exponentially grown in recent years. The present study aimed to: (a) evaluate the acute response of ultratrail racing in terms of neuromuscular function, muscle damage and hydration status; (b) analyze if responses could differ according to training levels. Twenty runners participated in the present study. The participants were divided into amateur training level (n = 10; 43.30 ± 4.52 years) or high level competitors (n = 10; 41.40 ± 6.18). Neuromuscular response (squat jump, countermovement jump and Abalakov jump), muscle damage (alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, creatine kinase and leukocytes) and hydration status (sodium and creatinine) were evaluated before and after the Guara Somontano Ultratrail Race (108 km distance, with an accumulated slope of 5800 m). The height and power achieved by vertical jumps were lower after the race (p < 0.001). The post-race muscle damage and creatinine parameters increased in both groups (p < 0.001). The high-level group obtained lower percentages of change in squat jump and countermovement jump than the amateur-level group (p < 0.05). However, the increase in creatinine was greater for the high-level group (p < 0.05). Ultratrail racing reduces neuromuscular function and increases muscle damage. High-level runners showed less neuromuscular fatigue compared to amateur ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pradas
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (F.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.-L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - David Falcón
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (F.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.-L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - Carlos Peñarrubia-Lozano
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (F.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.-L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - Víctor Toro-Román
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Luis Carrasco
- BIOFANEX Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain;
| | - Carlos Castellar
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (F.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.-L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
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Agnew JW, Roy AL, Hammer SB, Strale FF. Pain sensitivity increases more in younger runners during an ultra-marathon. Scand J Pain 2021; 21:364-371. [PMID: 34387950 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2020-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ultra-endurance research interest has increased in parallel with an increased worldwide participation in these extreme activities. Pain-related data for the growing population of ultra-endurance athletes, however, is insufficient. More data is especially needed regarding the variation in the aging populations of these athletes. We have previously shown that peripheral and central pain sensitivity increases during an ultra-marathon. To further clarify these changes in pain sensitivity during ultra-endurance competition we investigated these variations in two age populations: Younger runners ≤ 39-year-old (younger) and an older group of runners being ≥ 40 years of age (older). METHODS Subjects were recruited from ultra-marathon competitions held over a three-year period in Florida, USA. All courses were flat with either hard macadam surface or soft sandy trails; run in hot, humid weather conditions. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was measured with a pressure algometer on the distal, dominant arm before and immediately after an ultra-marathon. Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) was also measured pre and post, immediately after the PPT by placing the non-dominant hand in a cold-water bath maintained at 13.5 ± 1.5 °C. The difference between the pre and post measurements for both PPT and CPM were calculated and referred to as ΔPPT and ΔCPM, respectively for analysis. Data were analyzed with a Mixed 2 × 2 (Within X Between) MANOVA. RESULTS Both PPT and CPM decreased during the ultra-marathons (p<0.05) in the younger group of runners. In the older runners there was not a statistically significant decrease in PPT during the ultramarathons whereas CPM did significantly decrease statistically (p=0.031). The ΔPPT was less in the older group compared to the younger group (p=0.018). The difference between the younger and older groups ΔCPM approached statistical significance at p=0.093. CONCLUSIONS This statistical evidence suggests that the overall increase in peripheral and possibly central pain sensitivity was different between our age groups. Pain sensitivity during the ultra-marathon increased more in our younger group of runners than in our older group. This study suggests that there is an unidentified factor in an older population of ultra-marathon runners that results in an attenuated increase in pain sensitivity during an ultra-endurance activity. These factors may include a decreased innate immune response, lower fitness level, lower exertion during the ultra-marathon, variation in endorphin, enkephalin, endocannabinoid and psychological factors in the older age runners.
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Effects of grape juice consumption on oxidative stress and inflammation in male volleyball players: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 54:102570. [PMID: 33183673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some foods are also demonstrated benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and ergogenic activity, similar to that of sports supplements. Grape juice has been considered an important source of polyphenols and these compounds could promote positive effects to the sports players. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the effects of purple grape juice consumption on indicators of oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle damage, global histone H4 acetylation levels, and muscle strength and muscle power in volleyball athletes. METHODS This is a randomized double-blind clinical trial in which 12 male volleyball players (16 ± 0.6 years old) participated in three different moments with match simulation: control (without beverage) (WB), grape juice (GJ) and placebo (PLA) (400 mL/day of grape juice or placebo (maltodextrin) for 14 days in a cross-over model). Before and immediately after each match, blood collection for analysis of indicators of systemic redox status, systemic concentrations of Interferon-γ (IFN- γ) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4), muscle damage, by Creatine Kinase (CK-NAC) and levels of global histone H4 acetylation were performed, as well as handgrip strength (HG) and lower limb power tests. RESULTS Consumption of grape juice significantly reduced lipid peroxidation (p = 0.04) and Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) damage (p = 0.01) after the match. IFN-γ levels, IL-4, CK-NAC, and histone H4 acetylation post-match did not alter with the grape juice consumption. Lower limb power improved after acute exercise in WB and GJ conditions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this pilot trial, the intake of grape juice for two weeks seems to reduce the protein oxidation and DNA damage by intermittent physical exercise, without epigenetics influence.
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Arriel RA, Rodrigues JF, de Souza HLR, Meireles A, Leitão LFM, Crisafulli A, Marocolo M. Ischemia-Reperfusion Intervention: From Enhancements in Exercise Performance to Accelerated Performance Recovery-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218161. [PMID: 33158265 PMCID: PMC7672542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that brief cycles of ischemia followed by reperfusion (IR) applied before exercise can improve performance and, IR intervention, applied immediately after exercise (post-exercise ischemic conditioning—PEIC) exerts a potential ergogenic effect to accelerate recovery. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to identify the effects of PEIC on exercise performance, recovery and the responses of associated physiological parameters, such as creatine kinase, perceived recovery and muscle soreness, over 24 h after its application. From 3281 studies, six involving 106 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Compared to sham (cuff administration with low pressure) and control interventions (no cuff administration), PEIC led to faster performance recovery (p = 0.004; ES = −0.49) and lower increase in creatine kinase (p < 0.001; effect size (ES) = −0.74) and muscle soreness (p < 0.001; ES = −0.88) over 24 h. The effectiveness of this intervention is more pronounced in subjects with low/moderate fitness level and at least a total time of 10 min of ischemia (e.g., two cycles of 5 min) is necessary to promote positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhaí André Arriel
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-330, Brazil; (R.A.A.); (H.L.R.d.S.); (A.M.)
| | | | | | - Anderson Meireles
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-330, Brazil; (R.A.A.); (H.L.R.d.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Luís Filipe Moutinho Leitão
- Superior School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setubal, Portugal;
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Antonio Crisafulli
- Sports Physiology Lab., Department Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Moacir Marocolo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-330, Brazil; (R.A.A.); (H.L.R.d.S.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Inflammation, Peripheral Signals and Redox Homeostasis in Athletes Who Practice Different Sports. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111065. [PMID: 33143147 PMCID: PMC7693221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of training in regulating body mass and performance is well known. Physical training induces metabolic changes in the organism, leading to the activation of adaptive mechanisms aimed at establishing a new dynamic equilibrium. However, exercise can have both positive and negative effects on inflammatory and redox statuses. In recent years, attention has focused on the regulation of energy homeostasis and most studies have reported the involvement of peripheral signals in influencing energy and even inflammatory homeostasis due to overtraining syndrome. Among these, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-1β (IL1β) and tumour necrosis factor a (TNFa) were reported to influence energy and even inflammatory homeostasis. However, most studies were performed on sedentary individuals undergoing an aerobic training program. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to focus on high-performance exercise studies performed in athletes to correlate peripheral mediators and key inflammation markers with physiological and pathological conditions in different sports such as basketball, soccer, swimming and cycling.
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Nutrition and microRNAs: Novel Insights to Fight Sarcopenia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100951. [PMID: 33023202 PMCID: PMC7601022 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, which may result in increased physical frailty and a higher risk of adverse events. Low-grade systemic inflammation, loss of muscle protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced number and function of satellite cells seem to be the key points for the induction of muscle wasting, contributing to the pathophysiological mechanisms of sarcopenia. While a range of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors has been reported to contribute to the onset of sarcopenia, dietary interventions targeting protein or antioxidant intake may have a positive effect in increasing muscle mass and strength, regulating protein homeostasis, oxidative reaction, and cell autophagy, thus providing a cellular lifespan extension. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs, which control gene expression in different tissues. In skeletal muscle, a range of miRNAs, named myomiRNAs, are involved in many physiological processes, such as growth, development, and maintenance of muscle mass and function. This review aims to present and to discuss some of the most relevant molecular mechanisms related to the pathophysiological effect of sarcopenia. Besides, we explored the role of nutrition as a possible way to counteract the loss of muscle mass and function associated with ageing, with special attention paid to nutrient-dependent miRNAs regulation. This review will provide important information to better understand sarcopenia and, thus, to facilitate research and therapeutic strategies to counteract the pathophysiological effect of ageing.
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de Souza RF, de Matos DG, Ferreira ARP, Chilibeck P, Barros NDA, Oliveira AS, Cercato LM, da Silva DS, Aidar FJ. Effect of Ibuprofen on Muscle, Hematological and Renal Function, Hydric Balance, Pain, and Performance During Intense Long-Distance Running. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:2076-2083. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gonçalves CAM, Dantas PMS, Dos Santos IK, Dantas M, da Silva DCP, Cabral BGDAT, Guerra RO, Júnior GBC. Effect of Acute and Chronic Aerobic Exercise on Immunological Markers: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1602. [PMID: 32038286 PMCID: PMC6993577 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The effects of aerobic exercise on the immune system are not yet fully defined in the scientific literature. This fact demonstrates the need to investigate its influence on existing immunological markers by classifying and quantifying their acute and chronic effects. Objective: To investigate the effects of acute and chronic aerobic exercise on inflammatory markers of healthy adults. Methods: This study is a systematic review according to PRISMA recommendations. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Bireme and Cochrane Library, and article references. The last search was performed in March 2019. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) investigating the acute and chronic effects of aerobic exercise on immune markers in healthy male and female adults aged 20 to 45 years, without restrictions in language or year of publication. Two authors independently analyzed the studies by reading the titles, abstracts, and full texts. Risk of Study bias was analyzed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool. Outcomes: We included 15 studies in this systematic review, 13 of which were acute intervention and 2 were chronic, with 296 participants, 196 men and 100 women all being healthy individuals. It was observed that the acute intervention promotes changes in most immunological markers, while the chronic intervention interferes with a smaller proportion, this being in lymphocyte subpopulations. In the evaluation of quality, it was found that most studies did not present a high risk of bias in the evaluated aspects, but an unclear related risk of bias was observed, requiring a more careful analysis. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that the evidence indicates that acute and chronic interventions may modify most immune markers, but aspects such as gender, contraceptive pill use in women, physical capacity of the investigated individuals, environment, and type and intensity of the exercises may interfere with these markers as well as the data analysis. Therefore, this review suggests that further research is needed to contribute to the confirmation and estimation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Isis Kelly Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Matheus Dantas
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Oliveira Guerra
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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14
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MIRANDA NETO MANOEL, TOSCANO LYDIANEL, TAVARES RENATAL, TOSCANO LUCIANAT, PADILHAS ORRANETTEP, SILVA CÁSSIASDA, CERQUEIRA GILBERTOS, SILVA ALEXANDRES. Whole purple grape juice increases nitric oxide production after training session in high level beach handball athletes. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20191371. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Matos S, Clemente FM, Brandão A, Pereira J, Rosemann T, Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B. Training Load, Aerobic Capacity and Their Relationship With Wellness Status in Recreational Trail Runners. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1189. [PMID: 31607945 PMCID: PMC6755333 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between variables related to the internal and external loads of training and competition races as well as to athletes’ perceptions of well-being measured throughout the course of a 4-week mesocycle. It also aimed to analyze the intra- and inter-week variations in terms of training load and well-being. The study included the participation of 47 male recreational athletes competing in the national championships of trail running in Portugal (age: 34.85 ± 8.88 years; height: 1.77 ± 0.58 m; body mass: 65.89 ± 3.17 kg). During the 4 weeks, subjective perception of effort (RPE), training time (min), session-RPE (sRPE), distance covered (km), and perception of well-being (Hooper’s questionnaire) were monitored. Weekly RPE was greater in week 1 than in week 3 (p = 0.001; d = 0.563, small effect). Moreover, weekly sRPE was greater in week 1 than in week 2 (p = 0.001; d = 0.441, small effect). The correlations between the well-being variables and RPE that were found to be significant with small magnitudes are those between sleep and RPE (r = 0.287; p = 0.001), stress and RPE (r = 0.217; p = 0.001), fatigue and RPE (r = 0.191; p = 0.001), muscle soreness and RPE (r = 0.240; p = 0.001), and Hooper’s index and RPE (r = 0.279; p = 0.001). Among the variables of the Cooper test and the competition race load, it was verified that VO2max had a negative correlation of an average magnitude with pace (r = −0.396, p = 0.015). The findings of the study suggest that small variations in training stimulus during the period of analysis and increases in maximal oxygen uptake result in improvements in the performance of trail running athletes when considering the running speed in the race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Matos
- School of Sport and Leisure, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação e Treino em Trabalhos em Alturas e Atividades de Ar Livre, Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- School of Sport and Leisure, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António Brandão
- School of Sport and Leisure, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação e Treino em Trabalhos em Alturas e Atividades de Ar Livre, Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Joel Pereira
- School of Sport and Leisure, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação e Treino em Trabalhos em Alturas e Atividades de Ar Livre, Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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16
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Damiano S, Muscariello E, La Rosa G, Di Maro M, Mondola P, Santillo M. Dual Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Muscle Function: Can Antioxidant Dietary Supplements Counteract Age-Related Sarcopenia? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153815. [PMID: 31387214 PMCID: PMC6696113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. In older people, malnutrition and physical inactivity are often associated with sarcopenia, and, therefore, dietary interventions and exercise must be considered to prevent, delay, or treat it. Among the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to sarcopenia, a key role is played by an increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) levels and a decrease in enzymatic antioxidant protection leading to oxidative stress. Many studies have evaluated, in addition to the effects of exercise, the effects of antioxidant dietary supplements in limiting age-related muscle mass and performance, but the data which have been reported are conflicting. In skeletal muscle, ROS/RNS have a dual function: at low levels they increase muscle force and adaptation to exercise, while at high levels they lead to a decline of muscle performance. Controversial results obtained with antioxidant supplementation in older persons could in part reflect the lack of univocal effects of ROS on muscle mass and function. The purpose of this review is to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the dual effects of ROS in skeletal muscle function and the analysis of literature data on dietary antioxidant supplementation associated with exercise in normal and sarcopenic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Damiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Espedita Muscariello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Di Maro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Mondola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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17
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Oliveira DCX, Frisselli A, Deminice R. Football training session rises creatine kinase but does not impair performance. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201900030010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Agnew JW, Hammer SB, Roy AL, Rahmoune A. Central and peripheral pain sensitization during an ultra-marathon competition. Scand J Pain 2018; 18:703-709. [DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aims
The participation in ultra-marathons and other ultra-endurance events has increased exponentially over the past decade. There is insufficient data on variation in pain mechanisms in exercise overall but especially in the ultra-endurance athlete population. To further understand peripheral and central pain sensitization we have investigated pressure pain threshold and conditioned pain modulation during three separate ultra-marathon competitions.
Methods
Each ultra-marathon investigated was held in the state of Florida, USA, over flat, sandy and paved surfaces under generally warm to hot, humid conditions. Pressure pain threshold was measured utilizing a Baseline © Dolorimeter. The blunt end of the dolorimeter stylus was placed onto the distal dominant arm, equidistant between the distal radius and ulna, three times in a blinded manner to insure that the testing technician did not influence the subject’s responses. Conditioned pain modulation was measured immediately after the PPT measures by placing the non-dominant hand in a cool water bath maintained at 15°C. The same dolorimeter measurement was repeated two more times on the dominant arm while the non-dominant hand remained in the water. Data was analyzed with a paired t-test.
Results
Pressure pain threshold was significantly decreased (p<0.05) at 25, 50 and 100 miles. Conditioned pain modulation was also significantly decreased (p<0.05) at 25, 50 and 100 miles of an ultra-marathon competition.
Conclusions
Together these data suggest an increased peripheral and/or central pain sensitization starting at 25 miles and continuing throughout an ultra-marathon competition run in these conditions. This is the first study that provides evidence of a decreased peripheral pain threshold and decreased central pain inhibition from ultra-marathon running. Decreases in both the peripheral pain threshold and central inhibition may result from nociceptor plasticity, central sensitization or a combination of both.
Implications
Based on previous research that has indicated a central sensitization resulting from inflammation and the well-documented inflammatory response to the rigors of ultra-marathon competition, we suggest the decreased peripheral pain threshold and decreased descending pain inhibition results from this inflammatory response of running an ultra-marathon.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Agnew
- Indian River State College , Fort Pierce, FL 34981-5596 , USA
| | | | | | - Amina Rahmoune
- Indian River State College , Fort Pierce, FL 34981-5596 , USA
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19
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Quiles JL, Varela-Lopez A, Aranda P. Effect of α-tocopherol megadoses on hematologic parameters and antioxidant capacity of rats in an ultraendurance probe. Physiol Int 2017; 104:291-300. [PMID: 29278023 DOI: 10.1556/2060.104.2017.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to analyze the effect of two different megadoses of α-tocopherol (vit E) in the antioxidant activity and red and white blood series of Wistar rats after a 180-min ultraendurance probe. Three groups of 10 rats were analyzed; VEAG: acute administration of a megadoses of 5,000 IU/kg of vit E the day before the probe; VECG: chronic administration of 1,000 IU/kg/day of vit E for 6 days before the probe; CG: placebo administration. VEAG presented white cells, red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin values significantly higher than CG and VECG (p < 0.05). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin and lymphocytes concentrations were significantly higher in the VECG than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). Similarly, VEAG presented a significantly higher vit E blood concentration than VECG and CG (p < 0.05), and VECG than CG (p < 0.05). Finally, we found a significantly positive correlation between trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and red blood cells concentration (r = 0.374) and a significantly inverse correlation between TEAC and blood lactate concentration (r = -0.365). Our findings suggest that acute vit E megadoses could protect against transitory sport anemia symptoms and increase the white blood cell count in comparison with the chronic dose and control groups after an ultraendurance probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Clemente-Suárez
- 1 Applied Psychophysiological Research Group, European University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - J Mielgo-Ayuso
- 2 Infine Research Group, Department of Health and Sport Performance, INEF, Polytechnic University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Quiles
- 3 Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - A Varela-Lopez
- 3 Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - P Aranda
- 4 Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
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20
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Esteves F, Teixeira E, Amorim T, Costa C, Pereira C, Fraga S, De Andrade VM, Teixeira JP, Costa S. Assessment of DNA damage in a group of professional dancers during a 10-month dancing season. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:797-804. [PMID: 28696896 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1331599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the numerous health benefits of physical activity, some studies reported that increased intensity and duration may induce oxidative stress in several cellular components including DNA. The aim of this study was to assess the level of basal DNA damage as well as oxidative DNA damage in a group of professional dancers before and after a 10-month dancing season. A group of individuals from general population was also assessed as a control. The alkaline version of the comet assay was the method selected to measure both basal DNA damage and oxidative stress, since this method quantifies both endpoints. In order to measure oxidative stress, the comet assay was coupled with a lesion-specific endonuclease (formamidopyrimidine glycosylase) to detect oxidized purines. The levels of oxidative DNA damage in dancers were significantly increased after the dancing season. Pre-season levels of oxidative DNA damage were lower in dancers than those obtained from the general population, suggesting an adaptation of antioxidant system in dancers. Results of the present biomonitoring study indicate the need for more effective measures to protect ballet dancers from potentially occupational health risks related to regular intensive physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Esteves
- a Environmental Health Department , National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Porto , Portugal
- c EpiUnit-Epidemiology Research Unit , Institute of Public Health (ISPUP), Porto University , Porto , Portugal
| | - Eduardo Teixeira
- b Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports , University of Porto (FADEUP) , Porto , Portugal
| | - Tânia Amorim
- b Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports , University of Porto (FADEUP) , Porto , Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- a Environmental Health Department , National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Porto , Portugal
- c EpiUnit-Epidemiology Research Unit , Institute of Public Health (ISPUP), Porto University , Porto , Portugal
| | - Cristiana Pereira
- a Environmental Health Department , National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Porto , Portugal
- c EpiUnit-Epidemiology Research Unit , Institute of Public Health (ISPUP), Porto University , Porto , Portugal
| | - Sónia Fraga
- a Environmental Health Department , National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Porto , Portugal
- c EpiUnit-Epidemiology Research Unit , Institute of Public Health (ISPUP), Porto University , Porto , Portugal
| | - Vanessa Moraes De Andrade
- d Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit , University of Southern Santa Catarina, UNESC , Criciúma , Brazil
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- a Environmental Health Department , National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Porto , Portugal
- c EpiUnit-Epidemiology Research Unit , Institute of Public Health (ISPUP), Porto University , Porto , Portugal
| | - Solange Costa
- a Environmental Health Department , National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Porto , Portugal
- c EpiUnit-Epidemiology Research Unit , Institute of Public Health (ISPUP), Porto University , Porto , Portugal
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21
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Verschoor CP, McEwen LM, Kohli V, Wolfson C, Bowdish DM, Raina P, Kobor MS, Balion C. The relation between DNA methylation patterns and serum cytokine levels in community-dwelling adults: a preliminary study. BMC Genet 2017. [PMID: 28637423 PMCID: PMC5480116 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The levels of circulating cytokines fluctuate with age, acute illness, and chronic disease, and are predictive of mortality; this is also true for patterns of DNA (CpG) methylation. Given that immune cells are particularly sensitive to changes in the concentration of cytokines in their microenvironment, we hypothesized that serum levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 would correlate with genome-wide alterations in the DNA methylation levels of blood leukocytes. To test this, we evaluated community-dwelling adults (n = 14; 48–78 years old) recruited to a pilot study for the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), examining DNA methylation patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using the Illumina HumanMethylation 450 K BeadChip. Results We show that, apart from age, serum IL-10 levels exhibited the most substantial association to DNA methylation patterns, followed by TNF, IL-6 and IL-8. Furthermore, while the levels of these cytokines were higher in elderly adults, no associations with epigenetic accelerated aging, derived using the epigenetic clock, were observed. Conclusions As a preliminary study with a small sample size, the conclusions drawn from this work must be viewed with caution; however, our observations are encouraging and certainly warrant more suitably powered studies of this relationship. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-017-0525-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris P Verschoor
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, MIP309A, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Lisa M McEwen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Vikas Kohli
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, MIP309A, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christina Wolfson
- Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dawn Me Bowdish
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, MIP309A, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Parminder Raina
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Balion
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, MIP309A, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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22
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He F, Li J, Liu Z, Chuang CC, Yang W, Zuo L. Redox Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen Species in Exercise. Front Physiol 2016; 7:486. [PMID: 27872595 PMCID: PMC5097959 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that regular exercise can benefit health by enhancing antioxidant defenses in the body. However, unaccustomed and/or exhaustive exercise can generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress-related tissue damages and impaired muscle contractility. ROS are produced in both aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Mitochondria, NADPH oxidases and xanthine oxidases have all been identified as potential contributors to ROS production, yet the exact redox mechanisms underlying exercise-induced oxidative stress remain elusive. Interestingly, moderate exposure to ROS is necessary to induce body's adaptive responses such as the activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Dietary antioxidant manipulation can also reduce ROS levels and muscle fatigue, as well as enhance exercise recovery. To elucidate the complex role of ROS in exercise, this review updates on new findings of ROS origins within skeletal muscles associated with various types of exercises such as endurance, sprint and mountain climbing. In addition, we will examine the corresponding antioxidant defense systems as well as dietary manipulation against damages caused by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Chico Chico, CA, USA
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Physical Education, Anhui University Anhui, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Affiliated Ezhou Central Hospital at Medical School of Wuhan UniversityHubei, China; Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbus, OH, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Chuang
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbus, OH, USA; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
| | - Wenge Yang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences Beijing, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbus, OH, USA; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
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23
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Allman BR, Kreipke VC, Ormsbee MJ. What Else Is in Your Supplement? A Review of the Effectiveness of the Supportive Ingredients in Multi-ingredient Performance Supplements to Improve Strength, Power, and Recovery. Strength Cond J 2015. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Yasuda N, Bolin C, Cardozo-Pelaez F, Ruby BC. Effects of repeated bouts of long-duration endurance exercise on muscle and urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in moderately trained cyclists. J Sports Sci 2015; 33:1692-701. [PMID: 25620316 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1004637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of repeated bouts of long-duration endurance exercise on both muscle and urinary levels of oxidative DNA damage in moderately trained individuals. Seven moderately trained male cyclists participated in this study. All participants repeated two sessions consisting of a 5-h cycling period (equivalent to approximately 52%[Formula: see text]O2peak) followed by a 15-h rest, then a 40-km time trial. During the sessions, participants were instructed to take water ad libitum and to consume a standard sports drink consisting of 0.12 g·kg(-1) body weight·hr(-1) of carbohydrates. For each session, 24 h urine output was collected on the day before the 5-h exercise, and also between the 5-h exercise and 40-km time trial, in addition to between days 1-5 post-exercise. Subsequently, muscle and urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were determined using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. No significant alterations were observed between two sessions at the muscle or urinary levels of 8-OHdG. These results suggest that repeated bouts of exercise with a 7-day washout period may not lead to an accumulation of DNA damage products after a second 5-h stationary cycling bout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Yasuda
- a Departments of Health and Human Performance , The University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
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25
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Slattery K, Bentley D, Coutts AJ. The Role of Oxidative, Inflammatory and Neuroendocrinological Systems During Exercise Stress in Athletes: Implications of Antioxidant Supplementation on Physiological Adaptation During Intensified Physical Training. Sports Med 2014; 45:453-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Córdova Martínez A, Martorell Pons M, Sureda Gomila A, Tur Marí JA, Pons Biescas A. Changes in circulating cytokines and markers of muscle damage in elite cyclists during a multi-stage competition. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2014; 35:351-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Córdova Martínez
- Departamento Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Fisiología; E.U. Fisioterapia - Universidad Valladolid; Campus Universitario ‘Duques de Soria’; Soria Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell Pons
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences; Grup de Recerca en Nutrició Comunitària i Estrès Oxidatiu; Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salud and CIBERobn (CIBER: CB12/03/30038, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition); University of the Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda Gomila
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences; Grup de Recerca en Nutrició Comunitària i Estrès Oxidatiu; Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salud and CIBERobn (CIBER: CB12/03/30038, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition); University of the Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur Marí
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences; Grup de Recerca en Nutrició Comunitària i Estrès Oxidatiu; Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salud and CIBERobn (CIBER: CB12/03/30038, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition); University of the Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Antoni Pons Biescas
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences; Grup de Recerca en Nutrició Comunitària i Estrès Oxidatiu; Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salud and CIBERobn (CIBER: CB12/03/30038, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition); University of the Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca Spain
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Effect of wearing compression stockings on recovery after mild exercise-induced muscle damage. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2014; 9:256-64. [PMID: 23751727 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compression garments are increasingly popular in long-distance running events where they are used to limit cumulative fatigue and symptoms associated with mild exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). However, the effective benefits remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of wearing compression stockings (CS) on EIMD indicators. Compression was applied during or after simulated trail races performed at competition pace in experienced off-road runners. METHODS Eleven highly trained male runners participated in 3 simulated trail races (15.6 km: uphill section 6.6 km, average gradient 13%, and downhill section 9.0 km, average gradient -9%) in a randomized crossover trial. The effect of wearing CS while running or during recovery was tested and compared with a control condition (ie, run and recovery without CS; non- CS). Indicators of muscle function, muscle damage (creatine kinase; CK), inflammation (interleukin-6; IL-6), and perceived muscle soreness were recorded at baseline (1 h before warm-up) and 1, 24, and 48 h after the run. RESULTS Perceived muscle soreness was likely to be lower when participants wore CS during trail running compared with the control condition (1 h postrun, 82% chance; 24 h postrun, 80% chance). A likely or possibly beneficial effect of wearing CS during running was also found for isometric peak torque at 1 h postrun (70% chance) and 24 h postrun (60% chance) and throughout the recovery period on countermovement jump, compared with non-CS. Possible, trivial, or unclear differences were observed for CK and IL-6 between all conditions. CONCLUSION Wearing CS during simulated trail races mainly affects perceived leg soreness and muscle function. These benefits are visible very shortly after the start of the recovery period.
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Perrea A, Vlachos IS, Korou LM, Doulamis IP, Exarhopoulou K, Kypraios G, Kalofoutis A, Perrea DN. Comparison of the short-term oxidative stress response in National League basketball and soccer adolescent athletes. Angiology 2013; 65:624-9. [PMID: 23921505 DOI: 10.1177/0003319713497991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise is considered protective against oxidative stress-related disorders. However, there is increasing evidence that strenuous activity may induce increased oxidative stress response. This study investigated the impact of vigorous physical activity on serum oxidative stress markers in 36 soccer and 12 basketball National League adolescent athletes 40 minutes before and 15 minutes after a National League game. Serum total peroxide, fibrinogen, polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase, and myeloperoxidase levels were determined. No significant differences in any of the measured parameters were observed before the match. Soccer players exhibited significantly lower total peroxide (P < .05) and higher PMN elastase concentrations (P < .05) than that of the basketball athletes after the game. A number of important differences between these 2 sports, such as duration or total aerobic and anaerobic demands, may affect oxidative status. These parameters need to be further examined in order to elucidate the different effects of these 2 sports on postexercise oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vlachos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Laskarina-Maria Korou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias P Doulamis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Exarhopoulou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Kypraios
- Department of Human Motion Science and Quality of Life, University of Peloponnese, Sparti, Greece
| | | | - Despina N Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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