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Meechan D, McMahon JJ, Suchomel TJ, Comfort P. The effect of rest redistribution on kinetic and kinematic variables during the hang pull. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299311. [PMID: 38408047 PMCID: PMC10896527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of rest redistribution (RR) on kinetics and kinematics during the hang pull (HP). Twenty-one male athletes (age 29.5 ± 4.3 years, height 1.78 ± 0.07 m, body mass 75.17 ± 11.11 kg, relative one repetition maximum [1RM] power clean [PC] 1.17 ± 0.14 kg.kg-1) performed the HP using 140% of 1RM PC with 3 traditional sets of 6 repetitions (TS), 9 sets of 2 repetitions with RR [45s rest after 2 repetitions] (RR45) and 6 sets of 3 repetitions with RR [72s rest after 3 repetitions] (RR72). Peak velocity (PV) was higher during RR72 (1.18 ± 0.11 m.s-1) compared to RR45 (1.14 ± 0.11 m.s-1) for the average of 18 repetitions (p = 0.025, g = 0.36). There was a main effect for set configuration with greater peak force (PF) (p < 0.001, g = 0.14) during RR72 compared to RR45, with greater PV and impulse (p < 0.001, g = 0.19-0.36) during RR72 compared to RR45. There was also greater peak velocity maintenance (PVM) (p = 0.042, g = 0.44) for RR72 compared to RR45. There were no significant or meaningful differences (p > 0.05, g = 0.00-0.59) between configurations for any other variables. Rest redistribution protocols did not result in significantly or meaningfully greater kinetics or kinematics during the HP when compared to a TS protocol; although performing RR72 resulted in higher PF, PV, and impulse, with improved PVM compared to RR45.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Meechan
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Elite Training Science and Technology Department, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong, China
- Sport Science and Sport Medicine Centre, Singapore Sport Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John J McMahon
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Suchomel
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Carroll University, Waukesha, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Paul Comfort
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
- Strength and Power Research Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia
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Janicijevic D, Miras-Moreno S, Morenas-Aguilar MD, Jiménez-Martínez P, Alix-Fages C, García-Ramos A. Relationship between perceptual and mechanical markers of fatigue during bench press and bench pull exercises: impact of inter-set rest period length. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16754. [PMID: 38250725 PMCID: PMC10799610 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore whether the relationship between perceptual (rating of perceived exertion; RPE) and mechanical (maximal number of repetitions completed [MNR], fastest set velocity, and mean velocity decline) variables is affected by the length of inter-set rest periods during resistance training sets not leading to failure. Twenty-three physically active individuals (15 men and eight women) randomly completed 12 testing sessions resulting from the combination of two exercises (bench press and bench pull), three inter-set rest protocols (1, 3, and 5 min), and two minimal velocity thresholds (farther from muscular failure [MVT0.45 for bench press and MVT0.65 for bench pull] and closer to muscular failure [MVT0.35 for bench press and MVT0.55 for bench pull]). The duration of inter-set rest periods did not have a significant impact on RPE values (p ranged from 0.061 to 0.951). Higher proximities to failure, indicated by lower MVTs, were associated with increased RPE values (p < 0.05 in 19 out of 24 comparisons). Moreover, as the number of sets increased, an upward trend in RPE values was observed (p < 0.05 in seven out of 12 comparisons). Finally, while acknowledging some inconsistencies, it was generally observed that higher magnitudes of the mechanical variables, especially MNR (rs < -0.55 in three out of four comparisons), were associated with lower RPE values. These results, which were comparable for the bench press and bench pull exercises, suggest that post-set RPE values are affected by the fatigue experienced at both the beginning and end of the set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Janicijevic
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Human Biomechanics, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sergio Miras-Moreno
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
| | | | - Pablo Jiménez-Martínez
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- ICEN Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alix-Fages
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- ICEN Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Applied Biomechanics and Sport Technology Research Group, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Catolica de la Santísima Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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3
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Fairman CM, Owens OL, Kendall KL, Steele J, Schumpp AR, Latella C, Jones MT, Marcotte L, Dawson JM, Peddle-McIntyre CMJ, McDonnell KK. Hybrid delivery of cluster-set resistance training for individuals previously treated for lung cancer: the results of a single-arm feasibility trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:177. [PMID: 37848969 PMCID: PMC10580552 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are burdened by long-lasting symptoms (e.g., dyspnea and fatigue) post-treatment. These symptoms often reduce physical activity levels and increase the risk of functional decline. Though we have previously proposed cluster-set resistance training to mitigate symptom burden in lung cancer, there is currently no data on the feasibility or acceptability of this mode of exercise in cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a hybrid-delivery home-based cluster-set resistance training program in individuals with NSCLC stages I-III (i.e., early stage). METHODS This study aimed to recruit individuals with NSCLC stages I-III post-treatment to participate in 8 weeks of home-based resistance training, 3 days per week. The program included supervised sessions in the participants' homes and virtual supervision via videoconferencing. The primary outcome measure of feasibility was evaluated through recruitment, retention, and intervention fidelity (i.e., proportion of exercise completed, relative to what was prescribed). Intervention acceptability (i.e., ease and quality of virtual delivery, level of difficulty, and home-based approach) was assessed using a 4-point Likert-type scale from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree". RESULTS Fourteen participants were recruited over a 6-month period, with 11 completing the intervention (2 withdrew due to unrelated illness, 1 withdrew due to requiring active treatment), yielding a retention rate of 79%. Characteristics of the participants who completed the intervention (n = 11) were as follows: mean age: 71 ± 10 years, mean BMI: 29.1 ± 6.5, and average time since diagnosis was 62 ± 51 months. Of completers, 27% were male, and 36% were Black; 10 were stage I (91%), and one was stage II (9%). Mean session attendance was 86.4 ± 9.5%. Mean intervention fidelity was 83.1 ± 13.1%. With regard to acceptability, > 90% of participants positively rated all aspects of the intervention delivery. No adverse events related to exercise were recorded. CONCLUSIONS The hybrid delivery of a home-based resistance exercise program for individuals previously treated for early-stage NSCLC was found to be safe and feasible. Adaptations to the program for future interventions are required, particularly surrounding resistance exercise programming, and intervention delivery with home visits. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05014035 . Registered January 20, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Fairman
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
| | - O L Owens
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - K L Kendall
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - J Steele
- Faculty of Sport, Health, and Social Science, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - A R Schumpp
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - C Latella
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - M T Jones
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - L Marcotte
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J M Dawson
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - C M J Peddle-McIntyre
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - K K McDonnell
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
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Nagatani T, Kendall KL, Guppy SN, Poon WCK, Haff GG. Effect of 3 Different Set Configurations on Kinematic Variables and Internal Loads During a Power Snatch Session. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:1929-1938. [PMID: 37729510 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nagatani, T, Kendall, KL, Guppy, SN, Poon, WCK, and Haff, GG. Effect of 3 different set configurations on kinematic variables and internal loads during a power snatch session. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 1929-1938, 2023-The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 different set configurations on kinematic variables and internal loads during multiple sets performed with the power snatch. Ten strength-power athletes with at least 6 months of training experience performing the power snatch participated in this study, which consisted of 3 experimental protocols performed in a randomized repeated-measures design. The 3 protocols involved performing the power snatch for 3 sets of 5 repetitions at an average load of 75% 1 repetition maximum with a traditional (TRAD), cluster (CLU), or ascending cluster (A-CLU) protocol, where the training load was progressively increased across the set. Kinematic variables and internal loads (heart rate, blood lactate, and rate of perceived exertion) were measured during each protocol. The athletes maintained peak velocity (PV) and peak power (PP) and exhibited lower internal loads during CLU sets when compared with TRAD sets, whereas they displayed significant decreases in PV during TRAD sets. However, there were no statistically significant differences in PV and PP responses between the TRAD and CLU protocol. The athletes exhibited a significant decrease in PV, whereas PP was increased across each set in the A-CLU protocol, with lower internal loads observed compared with the TRAD protocol. Overall, the training loads used in this study do not appear to maximize the benefits of using CLU set during 3 sets of power snatches performed for 5 repetitions. In addition, A-CLU sets may potentially be useful as a means of maximizing the power output of the athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Nagatani
- School of Medical and Health Science, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Kristina L Kendall
- School of Medical and Health Science, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Stuart N Guppy
- School of Medical and Health Science, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Wayne C K Poon
- School of Medical and Health Science, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - G Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Science, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia; and
- University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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Comfort P, Haff GG, Suchomel TJ, Soriano MA, Pierce KC, Hornsby WG, Haff EE, Sommerfield LM, Chavda S, Morris SJ, Fry AC, Stone MH. National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Weightlifting for Sports Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:1163-1190. [PMID: 36952649 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Comfort, P, Haff, GG, Suchomel, TJ, Soriano, MA, Pierce, KC, Hornsby, WG, Haff, EE, Sommerfield, LM, Chavda, S, Morris, SJ, Fry, AC, and Stone, MH. National Strength and Conditioning Association position statement on weightlifting for sports performance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-The origins of weightlifting and feats of strength span back to ancient Egypt, China, and Greece, with the introduction of weightlifting into the Olympic Games in 1896. However, it was not until the 1950s that training based on weightlifting was adopted by strength coaches working with team sports and athletics, with weightlifting research in peer-reviewed journals becoming prominent since the 1970s. Over the past few decades, researchers have focused on the use of weightlifting-based training to enhance performance in nonweightlifters because of the biomechanical similarities (e.g., rapid forceful extension of the hips, knees, and ankles) associated with the second pull phase of the clean and snatch, the drive/thrust phase of the jerk and athletic tasks such as jumping and sprinting. The highest force, rate of force development, and power outputs have been reported during such movements, highlighting the potential for such tasks to enhance these key physical qualities in athletes. In addition, the ability to manipulate barbell load across the extensive range of weightlifting exercises and their derivatives permits the strength and conditioning coach the opportunity to emphasize the development of strength-speed and speed-strength, as required for the individual athlete. As such, the results of numerous longitudinal studies and subsequent meta-analyses demonstrate the inclusion of weightlifting exercises into strength and conditioning programs results in greater improvements in force-production characteristics and performance in athletic tasks than general resistance training or plyometric training alone. However, it is essential that such exercises are appropriately programmed adopting a sequential approach across training blocks (including exercise variation, loads, and volumes) to ensure the desired adaptations, whereas strength and conditioning coaches emphasize appropriate technique and skill development of athletes performing such exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Comfort
- University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - G Gregory Haff
- University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Timothy J Suchomel
- University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
- Carroll University, Waukesha, Wisconsin
| | | | | | | | - Erin E Haff
- University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
- Australian Weightlifting Federation, Chandler, Australia
| | | | - Shyam Chavda
- London Sports Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
- British Weightlifting, Leeds, United Kingdom
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6
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Weakley J, Pérez Castilla A, García Ramos A, Banyard H, Thurlow F, Edwards T, Morrison M, McMahon E, Owen C. Effect of Traditional, Rest Redistribution, and Velocity-Based Prescription on Repeated Sprint Training Performance and Responses in Semiprofessional Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2023:00124278-990000000-00195. [PMID: 36727699 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Weakley, J, Castilla, AP, Ramos, AG, Banyard, H, Thurlow, F, Edwards, T, Morrison, M, McMahon, E, and Owen, C. The effect of traditional, rest redistribution, and velocity-based prescription on repeated sprint training performance and responses in semi-professional athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of traditional, rest redistribution, and velocity-based repeated sprint training methods on repeated sprint performance, perceived effort, heart rate, and changes in force-velocity-power (FVP) profiles in male semiprofessional athletes. In a randomized crossover design, a traditional (2 sets of 6 repetitions [TRAD]), 2 different rest redistribution (4 sets of 3 repetitions [RR4] and 12 sets of 1 repetition [RR12]), and a 5% velocity loss (VL5%) (12 repetitions, with sets terminated when a 5% reduction in mean velocity had occurred) condition were completed. Mean and peak velocity, mean heart rate, and differential ratings of perceived exertion (dRPE) were measured throughout each session, while horizontal FVP profiles were assessed presession and postsession. The RR4 and RR12 conditions allowed the greatest maintenance of velocity, while the RR4, RR12, and VL5% had a moderate, significantly greater mean heart rate than the traditional condition. Trivial, nonsignificant differences between all conditions were observed in dRPE of the legs and breathlessness and FVP profiles. These findings indicate that rest redistribution can allow for greater maintenance of sprint velocity and heart rate, without altering perceived effort during repeated sprint training. In addition, velocity-loss thresholds may be a feasible method of prescription if athletes have diverse physical qualities and reductions in sprint performance during repeated sprint training are undesirable. Practitioners should consider these outcomes when designing repeated sprint training sessions because the strategic use of these methods can alter sprint performance and internal load without changing perceptions of intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Weakley
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia.,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Center, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Center, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alejandro Pérez Castilla
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Amador García Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Harry Banyard
- Department of Health and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fraser Thurlow
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Toby Edwards
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; and
| | - Matthew Morrison
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eric McMahon
- National Strength and Conditioning Association, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - Cameron Owen
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Center, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds, United Kingdom
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7
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Dinardi RR, Tourino FD, De Lacerda LT, Ferreira-Júnior JB, Martins-Costa HC. Effect of different manipulations of the cluster-set method on training volume and time under tension in resistance training men. REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE 2022. [DOI: 10.21876/rcshci.v12i3.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To compare the acute effect of two training protocols until concentric failure (CF) with different intra-set interval (ISI) configurations (20 s and 40 s) on total weight, the total number of repetitions, and time under tension in trained subjects. Methods: Ten men participated in the study (age = 25.1 ± 4.4 years; body mass = 76.5 ± 10.4 kg; height = 175.8 ± 9.3 cm). Two protocols were performed with 4 sets of bench press exercises and differentiated by the ISI: i) Protocol ISI-40 (40 s) - each set consisted of 6 repetitions followed by an ISI of 40 s and completed with repetitions up to CF; ii) Protocol ISI-20 (20 s) - each set consisted of 6 repetitions with ISI of 20 s every 3 repetitions followed by repetitions to CF. The intensity was 10 repetitions maximum, and the rest interval between sets of 80 s. A minimum interval of 48 h was adopted between protocols. Results: There was no significant difference in the number of repetitions (p = 0.074), in the time under tension (p = 0.353) and in the total volume (p = 0.083) between the protocols. Conclusion: The results indicate that the different ISI configurations did not distinctly influence the number of repetitions, time under tension, and total volume.
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Rappelt L, Held S, Leicht M, Wicker P, Donath L. Similar strength gains at lower perceived efforts via cluster set vs. traditional home-based online training: A 6 weeks randomized controlled trial. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:968258. [PMID: 36091869 PMCID: PMC9453863 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.968258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster Training (CT) has been shown to induce strength at lower perceived efforts compared to traditional training (TRT) with sets performed to repetition failure. These findings have not yet been extended to remote online training in middle-aged to older people. Thus the present study aimed at investigating whether a cluster set online training with bodyweight exercises is similar in its effectiveness a more demanding traditional strength training employed with a traditional set structure. A total of n = 21 participants (14 female, 55 ± 12 years, 76.4 ± 16.1 kg, 1.71 ± 0.10 m, 74 ± 72 min of activity/w) were randomly assigned to either a CT or volume-, load-, and work-to-rest-ratio-matched TRT. After an initial 6-week run-in-phase, all participants were engaged into an online live-instructed full-body workout twice a week (40 min each) for a period of 6 weeks. Rates of perceived efforts (RPE) were assessed for each session (session RPE; sRPE). Changes in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) at leg press (LP) and abdominal press (AP) as well as one-minute-sit-to-stand and Y-Balance-Test (YBT) were compared between BASELINE and PRE (ΔRUN-IN) and between PRE and POST (ΔINTERVENTION). In LP, TRT showed greater improvements with large effect sizes in ΔINTERVENTION compared to ΔRUN-IN. In CT, greater improvements with moderate effects were found in ΔINTERVENTION compared to ΔRUN-IN. In AP, both CT and TRT showed larger improvements with large effect sizes in ΔINTERVENTION compared to ΔRUN-IN. In YBT, a significant and large main effect for time was found indicating larger improvements for ΔINTERVENTION compared to ΔRUN-IN. CT showed lower sRPE than TRT. Both CT and TRT led to similar adaptations in MVC and balance performance. However, the perceived effort of CT was rated lower than for TRT. Therefore, conducting resistance training with a cluster set structure seems to be a suitable approach for training programs in middle-aged and older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Rappelt
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steffen Held
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Leicht
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pamela Wicker
- Department of Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- *Correspondence: Pamela Wicker
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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9
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Fairman CM, Owens OL, Kendall KL, Steele J, Latella C, Jones MT, Marcotte L, Peddle-McIntyre CMJ, McDonnell KK. Study protocol: investigating the feasibility of a hybrid delivery of home-based cluster set resistance training for individuals previously treated for lung cancer. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:102. [PMID: 35585562 PMCID: PMC9114285 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Symptom burden remains a critical concern for individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following the completion of treatment. The most common symptom clusters, dyspnea (shortness of breath) and fatigue, can contribute to physical decline, reductions in quality of life, and a higher risk of comorbidities and mortality. Dyspnea is a primary limiter of exercise capacity in individuals with lung cancer, resulting in exercise avoidance and an accelerated physical decline. As such, designing resistance training with cluster sets to mitigate symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue may result in improved exercise tolerance. Thus, maintaining the exercise stimulus via cluster sets, combined with improved tolerance of the exercise, could result in the maintenance of physical function and quality of life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a hybrid-delivery home-based cluster-set resistance training program in individuals with NSCLC. Methods Individuals with NSCLC (n = 15), within 12 months of completion of treatment, will be recruited to participate in this single-arm feasibility trial. Participants will complete 8 weeks of home-based resistance training designed to minimize dyspnea and fatigue. The hybrid delivery of the program will include supervised sessions in the participants’ home and virtual supervision via video conferencing. The primary outcome of feasibility will be quantified by recruitment rates, retention, acceptability, and intervention fidelity. Exploratory outcomes (dyspnea, fatigue, quality of life, physical function, and body composition) will be assessed pre- and post-intervention. Discussion This study will provide important data on the feasibility of delivering this intervention and inform procedures for a future randomized controlled trial. Trial registration Record not yet public
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Fairman
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
| | - O L Owens
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - K L Kendall
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - J Steele
- Faculty of Sport, Health, and Social Science, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - C Latella
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - M T Jones
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - L Marcotte
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - K K McDonnell
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
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10
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Vieira JG, Sardeli AV, Dias MR, Filho JE, Campos Y, Sant'Ana L, Leitão L, Reis V, Wilk M, Novaes J, Vianna J. Effects of Resistance Training to Muscle Failure on Acute Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2021; 52:1103-1125. [PMID: 34881412 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper design of resistance training (RT) variables is a key factor to reach the maximum potential of neuromuscular adaptations. Among those variables, the use of RT performed to failure (RTF) may lead to a different magnitude of acute fatigue compared with RT not performed to failure (RTNF). The fatigue response could interfere with acute adaptive changes, in turn regulating long-term adaptations. Considering that the level of fatigue affects long-term adaptations, it is important to determine how fatigue is affected by RTF versus RTNF. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the effects of RTF versus RTNF on acute fatigue. METHODS The search was conducted in January 2021 in seven databases. Only studies with a crossover design that investigated the acute biomechanical properties (vertical jump height, velocity of movement, power output, or isometric strength), metabolic response (lactate or ammonia concentration), muscle damage (creatine kinase activity), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were selected. The data (mean ± standard deviation and sample size) were extracted from the included studies and were either converted into the standardized mean difference (SMD) or maintained in the raw mean difference (RMD) when the studies reported the results in the same scale. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS Twenty studies were included in the systematic review and 12 were included in the meta-analysis. The main meta-analyses indicated greater decrease of biomechanical properties for RTF compared with RTNF (SMD - 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 1.43 to - 0.49, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a larger increase in metabolic response (RMD 4.48 mmol·L-1, 95% CI 3.19-5.78, p < 0.001), muscle damage (SMD 0.76, 95% CI 0.31-1.21, p = 0.001), and RPE (SMD 1.93, 95% CI 0.87-3.00, p < 0.001) for RTF compared with RTNF. Further exploratory subgroup analyses showed that training status (p = 0.92), timepoint (p = 0.89), load (p = 0.10), and volume (p = 0.12) did not affect biomechanical properties; however, greater loss in the movement velocity test occurred on upper limbs compared with lower limbs (p < 0.001). Blood ammonia concentration was greater after RTF than RTNF (RMD 44.66 μmol·L-1, 95% CI 32.27-57.05, p < 0.001), as was 48 h post-exercise blood creatine kinase activity (SMD 0.86, 95% CI 0.33-1.42, p = 0.002). Furthermore, although there was considerable heterogeneity in the overall analysis (I2 = 83.72%; p < 0.01), a significant difference in RPE after RTF compared with RTNF was only found for studies that did not equalize training volumes. CONCLUSIONS In summary, RTF compared with RTNF led to a greater decrease in biomechanical properties and a simultaneous increase in metabolic response, higher muscle damage, and RPE. The exploratory analyses suggested a greater impairment in the velocity of movement test for the upper limbs, more pronounced muscle damage 48 h post-exercise, and a greater RPE in studies with non-equalized volume after the RTF session compared with RTNF. Therefore, it can be concluded that RTF leads to greater acute fatigue compared with RTNF. The higher acute fatigue after RTF can also have an important impact on chronic adaptive processes following RT; however, the greater acute fatigue following RTF can extend the time needed for recovery, which should be considered when RTF is used. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION The original protocol was prospectively registered (CRD42020192336) in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Guilherme Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Veiga Sardeli
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, FISEX, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ricardo Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Morphofunctional Evaluation, LABFEX, Granbery Methodist College, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - José Elias Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Yuri Campos
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Study Group and Research in Neuromuscular Responses, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Leandro Sant'Ana
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Luis Leitão
- Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, Setubal, Portugal.,Life Quality Research Centre, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Victor Reis
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Michal Wilk
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jefferson Novaes
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Vianna
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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11
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Acute responses of muscle oxygen saturation during different cluster training configurations in resistance-trained individuals. Biol Sport 2021; 38:367-376. [PMID: 34475620 PMCID: PMC8329981 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.99701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the perceptual responses, physiological indicators and technical parameters between different training protocols focused on upper body exercises. A randomized crossover design was performed, and 12 trained individuals (age: 27.1 ± 5.7 years; height: 173.7 ± 10.7 cm; BMI: 23.9 ± 2.3) completed three resistance training sessions under different protocols separated by at least 72 h: traditional training (TT) (4 x 6 repetitions at 85% of 1RM with 120 s of rest between sets), cluster 1 (CL1) (4 x 2+2+2 repetitions at 85% of 1RM with 15 s of intra-rep rest and 80 s between sets), and cluster 2 (CL2) (24 repetitions at 85% of 1RM with 15 s of inter-set recovery). Before training, arterial blood pressure (BP) and repetitions to failure of pull-up and push-up (FT) were collected. Muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) in the chest and movement velocity were evaluated in barbell bench press during the training session. After finishing, lactate, BP, rate of perceived exertion and FT were assessed. The percentage of velocity loss (TT: 19.24%; CL1: 5.02% and CL2: 7.30%) in the bench press and lactate concentration (TT: 8.90 mmol·l-1; CL1: 6.13 mmol·l-1 and CL2: 5.48 mmol·l-1) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for TT compared to both CLs. RPE values were higher (p < 0.05) in TT compared to CL1 (7.95 a.u. vs. 6.91 a.u., respectively). No differences (p > 0.05) were found between protocols for SmO2, BP, FT, pain or heart rate between set configurations. Cluster configurations allow one to maintain higher movement velocity and lower lactate and RPE values compared to a traditional configuration, but with similar concentrations of SmO2.
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12
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Ho IMK, Luk JTC, Ngo JK, Wong DP. Effects of Different Intraset Rest Durations on Lifting Performance and Self-perceived Exertion During Bench Press Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2114-2120. [PMID: 31045752 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ho, IMK, Luk, JTC, Ngo, JK, and Wong, DP. Effects of different intraset rest durations on lifting performance and self-perceived exertion during bench press exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2114-2120, 2021-This study compared the number of successful repetitions, failure rates, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) among intraset rest (ISR) protocols (0-, 20-, or 40-second rest between third and fourth repetitions) during bench press exercise with total 3 sets and 6 repetitions per set at 6 repetition maximum (6RM) load. Thirty-four college-aged men performed 6RM loads with ISR 0, 20, and 40 on 3 separate visits in a counterbalanced order while the total rest time and duration of each protocol was equated. Results showed failure rates of 32.4% for ISR0 (11 subjects with failed repetition), 14.7% for ISR20, and 2.9% for ISR40. The ISR had a small positive effect on increasing successful repetitions in: second set, ISR40 vs. ISR0 and ISR20 vs. ISR0 (both +0.2 rep, d = 0.28); third set, ISR40 vs. ISR0 (+0.5 rep, d = 0.55) and ISR20 vs. ISR0 (+0.4 rep, d = 0.39); and total number of repetition: ISR40 vs. ISR0 (+0.7 rep, d = 0.46) and ISR20 vs. ISR0 (+0.5 rep, d = 0.36). The ISR also had small effect on decreasing RPE in: second set, ISR40 vs. ISR0 (-0.6, d = -0.21); third set, ISR40 vs. ISR0 (-0.7, d = -0.26); and average RPE of the 3 sets, ISR40 vs. ISR0 (-0.6, d = -0.24). The longer ISR could further decrease RPE only in the third set (ISR40 vs. ISR20: -0.6, d = -0.23, small effect). Strength coaches may use the ISR40 rest redistribution to reduce RPE and enhance repetition sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indy M K Ho
- Human Performance Laboratory, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong (THEi), Hong Kong, China; and
| | - Jim T C Luk
- Human Performance Laboratory, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong (THEi), Hong Kong, China; and
| | - Jake K Ngo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong (THEi), Hong Kong, China; and
| | - Del P Wong
- Sport Science Research Center, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
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13
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Strengthening the Case for Cluster Set Resistance Training in Aged and Clinical Settings: Emerging Evidence, Proposed Benefits and Suggestions. Sports Med 2021; 51:1335-1351. [PMID: 33983613 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) is a fundamental component of exercise prescription aimed at improving overall health and function. RT techniques such as cluster set (CS) configurations, characterized by additional short intra-set or inter-repetition rest intervals, have been shown to maintain acute muscular force, velocity, and 'power' outputs across a RT session, and facilitate positive longer-term neuromuscular adaptations. However, to date CS have mainly been explored from a human performance perspective despite potential for application in health and clinical exercise settings. Therefore, this current opinion piece aims to highlight emerging evidence and provide a rationale for why CS may be an advantageous RT technique for older adults, and across several neurological, neuromuscular, cardiovascular and pulmonary settings. Specifically, CS may minimize acute fatigue and adverse physiologic responses, improve patient tolerance of RT and promote functional adaptations (i.e., force, velocity, and power). Moreover, we propose that CS may be a particularly useful exercise rehabilitation technique where injury or illness, persistent fatigue, weakness and dysfunction exist. We further suggest that CS offer an alternative RT strategy that can be easily implemented alongside existing exercise/rehabilitation programs requiring no extra cost, minimal upskilling and/or time commitment for the patient and professional. In light of the emerging evidence and likely efficacy in clinical exercise practice, future research should move toward further direct investigation of CS-based RT in a variety of adverse health conditions and across the lifespan given the already demonstrated benefits in healthy populations.
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14
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Realzola RA, Mang ZA, Millender DJ, Beam JR, Bellovary BN, Wells AD, Houck JM, Kravitz L. Metabolic Profile of Reciprocal Supersets in Young, Recreationally Active Women and Men. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 36:2709-2716. [PMID: 33927111 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Realzola, RA, Mang, ZA, Millender, DJ, Beam, JR, Bellovary, BN, Wells, AD, Houck, JM, and Kravitz, L. Metabolic profile of reciprocal supersets in young, recreationally active females and males. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Reciprocal supersets (RSSs) are a time-efficient style of resistance exercise (RE) that consist of performing 2 consecutive exercises with opposing muscle groups while limiting rest times between them. Previous research in men indicates a RSS has an increased physiological response when compared with traditional RE (TRAD). No between-sex comparison of metabolic data for RSSs exists. The purpose of this study was to create a metabolic profile for RSSs in men and women. Eighteen resistance-trained individuals underwent 2 bouts of volume-load equated RE: RSS and TRAD. Reciprocal superset exercises were split into 3 clusters: (a) hexagonal bar deadlift superset with leg press, (b) chest press superset with seated row, and (c) overhead dumbbell press superset with latissimus dorsi pull-downs. The TRAD protocol, doing the same exercises, emulated hypertrophy emphasis training. Oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate ([BLa]), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) were measured. Aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditure were estimated using V[Combining Dot Above]O2 and lactate, respectively. The level of significance set for this study was p ≤ 0.05. Regardless of sex, a RSS elicited significantly greater average V[Combining Dot Above]O2, HR, [BLa], RPE, and anaerobic and aerobic energy expenditures, and was completed in a shorter time compared with TRAD (p ≤ 0.05). When compared with women, men had significantly greater EPOC, average [BLa], and anaerobic and aerobic energy expenditures during RSSs (p ≤ 0.05). The average [BLa] and aerobic energy expenditure of the men were also significantly greater than the women during TRAD (p ≤ 0.05). This study suggests that a RSS is a metabolically demanding RE session that may elicit increases in musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, and physiological adaptations while decreasing the duration of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio A Realzola
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and School of Fitness Education, Santa Fe Community College, Santa Fe, New Mexico
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15
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Karsten B, Fu YL, Larumbe-Zabala E, Seijo M, Naclerio F. Impact of Two High-Volume Set Configuration Workouts on Resistance Training Outcomes in Recreationally Trained Men. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:S136-S143. [PMID: 31365457 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Karsten, DB, Fu, Y, Larumbe-Zabala, DE, Seijo, DM, and Naclerio, DF. Impact of two high-volume set configuration workouts on resistance training outcomes in recreationally trained men. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S136-S143, 2021-This study compared the effects of 2 weekly equalized by volume, loading zone and frequency resistance training designs using repetition to failure (RTF) or not to failure (NTF), on body composition, strength, and mechanical power. Based on individual baseline maximal strength, 18 recreationally resistance-trained men were pair-matched and consequently randomly assigned to an RTF (n = 9) or an NTF (n = 9) protocol. Subjects trained for 6 weeks using 2 different routines performed once per week (2 workouts per week). The RTF protocol comprised 4 sets of 10 repetitions per exercise with 2-minute rest and the NTF involved 8 sets of 5 repetitions per exercise with 1-minute rest. Subjects were tested pre- and post-intervention for maximal strength, upper- and lower-body power, fat-free mass, limb circumferences, and muscle thickness. Compared to baseline, both groups improved (p < 0.01) the maximal loads lifted in the bench press (RTF +9.44 ± 3.00 kg; NTF +7.22 ± 4.41 kg) and the squat (RTF +9.44 ± 4.64 kg; NTF +11.1 ± 10.33 kg) exercises, but only the NTF group increased (p < 0.05) upper-body power (+15.73 ± 12.59 W). Conversely, only the RTF group showed significant (p < 0.05) increase of the elbow flexors (+3.44 ± 5.11 mm) and vastus medialis (+3.28 ± 2.32 mm) thickness, whereas both groups enhanced anterior deltoid thickness (RTF +1.84 ± 1.68 mm, p < 0.05; NTF +2.76 ± 2.63 mm, p < 0.01). Although both training strategies improved strength, the RTF group elicited superior hypertrophic outcomes, whereas the NTF protocol resulted in more favorable improvements for upper-body power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Karsten
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Differdingen, Luxemburg
| | - Yue Leon Fu
- Department of Life and Sport Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Kent, United Kingdom ; and
| | | | - Marco Seijo
- Department of Life and Sport Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Kent, United Kingdom ; and
| | - Fernando Naclerio
- Department of Life and Sport Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Kent, United Kingdom ; and
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16
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Davies TB, Tran DL, Hogan CM, Haff GG, Latella C. Chronic Effects of Altering Resistance Training Set Configurations Using Cluster Sets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2021; 51:707-736. [PMID: 33475986 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acute responses to cluster set resistance training (RT) have been demonstrated. However, as compared to traditional sets, the effect of cluster sets on muscular and neuromuscular adaptations remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of RT programs implementing cluster and traditional set configurations on muscular and neuromuscular adaptations. METHODS Systematic searches of Embase, Scopus, Medline and SPORTDiscus were conducted. Inclusion criteria were: (1) randomized or non-randomized comparative studies; (2) publication in English; (3) participants of all age groups; (4) participants free of any medical condition or injury; (5) cluster set intervention; (6) comparison intervention utilizing a traditional set configuration; (7) intervention length ≥ three weeks and (8) at least one measure of changes in strength/force/torque, power, velocity, hypertrophy or muscular endurance. Raw data (mean ± SD or range) were extracted from included studies. Hedges' g effect sizes (ES) ± standard error of the mean (SEM) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. No differences between cluster and traditional set configurations were found for strength (ES = - 0.05 ± 0.10, 95% CI - 0.21 to 0.11, p = 0.56), power output (ES = 0.02 ± 0.10, 95% CI - 0.17 to 0.20, p = 0.86), velocity (ES = 0.15 ± 0.13, 95% CI - 0.10 to 0.41, p = 0.24), hypertrophy (ES = - 0.05 ± 0.14, 95% CI - 0.32 to 0.23, p = 0.73) or endurance (ES = - 0.07 ± 0.18, 95% CI - 0.43 to 0.29, p = 0.70) adaptations. Moreover, no differences were observed when training volume, cluster set model, training status, body parts trained or exercise type were considered. CONCLUSION Collectively, both cluster and traditional set configurations demonstrate equal effectiveness to positively induce muscular and neuromuscular adaptation(s). However, cluster set configurations may achieve such adaptations with less fatigue development during RT which may be an important consideration across various exercise settings and stages of periodized RT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Davies
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Derek L Tran
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Clorinda M Hogan
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - G Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Directorate of Physiotherapy and Sport, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Latella
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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17
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González-Hernández JM, García-Ramos A, Castaño-Zambudio A, Capelo-Ramírez F, Marquez G, Boullosa D, Jiménez-Reyes P. Mechanical, Metabolic, and Perceptual Acute Responses to Different Set Configurations in Full Squat. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1581-1590. [PMID: 28700515 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
González-Hernández, JM, García-Ramos, A, Castaño-Zambudio, A, Capelo-Ramírez, F, Marquez, G, Boullosa, D, and Jiménez-Reyes, P. Mechanical, metabolic, and perceptual acute responses to different set configurations in full squat. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1581-1590, 2020-This study aimed to compare mechanical, metabolic, and perceptual responses between 2 traditional (TR) and 4 cluster (CL) set configurations. In a counterbalanced randomized order, 11 men were tested with the following protocols in separate sessions (sets × repetitions [interrepetition rest]): TR1: 3 × 10 [0 seconds]; TR2: 6 × 5 [0 seconds]; CL1: 3 × 10 [10 seconds]; CL2: 3 × 10 [15 seconds]; CL3: 3 × 10 [30 seconds]; CL4: 1 × 30 [15 seconds]. The exercise (full squat), number of repetitions (30), interset rest (5 minutes), and resistance applied (10 repetition maximum) was the same for all set configurations. Mechanical fatigue was quantified by measuring the mean propulsive velocity during each repetition and the change in countermovement jump height observed after each set and after the whole training session. Metabolic and perceptual fatigue were assessed via the blood lactate concentration and the OMNI perceived exertion scale measured after each training set, respectively. The mechanical, metabolic, and perceptual measures of fatigue were always significantly higher for the TR1 set configuration. The 2 set configurations that most minimized the mechanical measures of fatigue were CL2 and CL3. Perceived fatigue did not differ between the TR2, CL1, CL2, and CL3 set configurations. The lowest lactate concentration was observed in the CL3 set configuration. Therefore, both the CL2 and CL3 set configurations can be recommended because they maximize mechanical performance. However, the CL2 set configuration presents 2 main advantages with respect to CL3 (a): it reduces training session duration, and (b) it promotes higher metabolic stress, which, to some extent, may be beneficial for inducing muscle strength and hypertrophy gains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Faculty of Education, Catholic University of the Holy Conception, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Marquez
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil and.,Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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18
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Helland C, Midttun M, Saeland F, Haugvad L, Schäfer Olstad D, Solberg PA, Paulsen G. A strength-oriented exercise session required more recovery time than a power-oriented exercise session with equal work. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10044. [PMID: 33062443 PMCID: PMC7532781 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present randomized cross-over controlled study aimed to compare the rate of recovery from a strength-oriented exercise session vs. a power-oriented session with equal work. Sixteen strength-trained individuals conducted one strength-oriented session (five repetitions maximum (RM)) and one power-oriented session (50% of 5RM) in randomized order. Squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-m sprint, and squat and bench press peak power and estimated 1RMs were combined with measures of rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived recovery status (PRS), before, immediately after and 24 and 48 h after exercise. Both sessions induced trivial to moderate performance decrements in all variables. Small reductions in CMJ height were observed immediately after both the strength-oriented session (7 ± 6%) and power-oriented session (5 ± 5%). Between 24 and 48 h after both sessions CMJ and SJ heights and 20 m sprint were back to baseline. However, in contrast to the power-oriented session, recovery was not complete 48 h after the strength-oriented session, as indicated by greater impairments in CMJ eccentric and concentric peak forces, SJ rate of force development (RFD) and squat peak power. In agreement with the objective performance measurements, RPE and PRS ratings demonstrated that the strength-oriented session was experienced more strenuous than the power-oriented session. However, these subjective measurements agreed poorly with performance measurements at the individual level. In conclusion, we observed a larger degree of neuromuscular impairment and longer recovery times after a strength-oriented session than after a power-oriented session with equal total work, measured by both objective and subjective assessments. Nonetheless, most differences were small or trivial after either session. It appears necessary to combine several tests and within-test analyses (e.g., CMJ height, power and force) to reveal such differences. Objective and subjective assessments of fatigue and recovery cannot be used interchangeably; rather they should be combined to give a meaningful status for an individual in the days after a resistance exercise session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Helland
- Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus Midttun
- Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Saeland
- Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Haugvad
- Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Paul Andre Solberg
- Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gøran Paulsen
- Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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19
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García-Ramos A, González-Hernández JM, Baños-Pelegrín E, Castaño-Zambudio A, Capelo-Ramírez F, Boullosa D, Haff GG, Jiménez-Reyes P. Mechanical and Metabolic Responses to Traditional and Cluster Set Configurations in the Bench Press Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:663-670. [PMID: 29076963 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
García-Ramos, A, González-Hernández, JM, Baños-Pelegrín, E, Castaño-Zambudio, A, Capelo-Ramírez, F, Boullosa, D, Haff, GG, and Jiménez-Reyes, P. Mechanical and metabolic responses to traditional and cluster set configurations in the bench press exercise. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 663-670, 2020-This study aimed to compare mechanical and metabolic responses between traditional (TR) and cluster (CL) set configurations in the bench press exercise. In a counterbalanced randomized order, 10 men were tested with the following protocols (sets × repetitions [inter-repetition rest]): TR1: 3 × 10 (0-second), TR2: 6 × 5 (0-second), CL5: 3 × 10 (5-second), CL10: 3 × 10 (10-second), and CL15: 3 × 10 (15-second). The number of repetitions (30), interset rest (5 minutes), and resistance applied (10 repetition maximum) were the same for all set configurations. Movement velocity and blood lactate concentration were used to assess the mechanical and metabolic responses, respectively. The comparison of the first and last set of the training session revealed a significant decrease in movement velocity for TR1 (Effect size [ES]: -0.92), CL10 (ES: -0.85), and CL15 (ES: -1.08) (but not for TR2 [ES: -0.38] and CL5 [ES: -0.37]); while blood lactate concentration was significantly increased for TR1 (ES: 1.11), TR2 (ES: 0.90), and CL5 (ES: 1.12) (but not for CL10 [ES: 0.03] and CL15 [ES: -0.43]). Based on velocity loss, set configurations were ranked as follows: TR1 (-39.3 ± 7.3%) > CL5 (-20.2 ± 14.7%) > CL10 (-12.9 ± 4.9%), TR2 (-10.3 ± 5.3%), and CL15 (-10.0 ± 2.3%). The set configurations were ranked as follows based on the lactate concentration: TR1 (7.9 ± 1.1 mmol·L) > CL5 (5.8 ± 0.9 mmol·L) > TR2 (4.2 ± 0.7 mmol·L) > CL10 (3.5 ± 0.4 mmol·L) and CL15 (3.4 ± 0.7 mmol·L). These results support the use of TR2, CL10, and CL15 for the maintenance of high mechanical outputs, while CL10 and CL15 produce less metabolic stress than TR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Faculty of Education, Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Boullosa
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - G Gregory Haff
- Center for Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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20
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Acute Effects of Cluster and Rest Redistribution Set Structures on Mechanical, Metabolic, and Perceptual Fatigue During and After Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2020; 50:2209-2236. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Merrigan JJ, Tufano JJ, Fields JB, Oliver JM, Jones MT. Rest Redistribution Does Not Alter Hormone Responses in Resistance-Trained Women. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1867-1874. [PMID: 32598121 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Merrigan, JJ, Tufano, JJ, Fields, JB, Oliver, JM, and Jones, MT. Rest redistribution does not alter hormone responses in resistance-trained women. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1867-1874, 2020-The purpose was to examine acute effects of rest redistribution (RR) on perceptual, metabolic, and hormonal responses during back squats. Twelve resistance-trained women (training age 5 ± 2 years; one repetition maximum [1-RM] per body mass, 1.6 ± 0.2) performed traditional (TS, 4 sets of 10 repetitions with 120 seconds interset rest) and RR sets (4 sets of two 5 repetition clusters with 30-second intraset rest and 90-second interset rest) in counterbalanced order, separated by 72 hours. Both conditions were performed at 70% 1RM with 360 seconds of total rest. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were taken after each set. Blood was sampled at baseline, after each set, and at 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes, as well as 24 and 48 hours after training. Alpha level was p ≤ 0.05. The RPE progressively increased throughout both conditions (p = 0.002) with a greater overall mean for TS (5.81 ± 0.14) than RR (4.71 ± 0.14; p = 0.003). Lactate increased above baseline and remained elevated through 15 minutes post in both conditions (4.00 ± 0.76; p = 0.001), with greater lactate levels for TS (6.33 ± 0.47) than RR (4.71 ± 0.53; p < 0.001). Total testosterone was elevated after set 2 (0.125 ± 0.02; p = 0.011), but no other time point, while free testosterone remained unchanged. Growth hormone continually rose from baseline to set 3 and returned to baseline by 60 minutes post (20.58 ± 3.19). Cortisol and creatine kinase did not change over time. No condition × time interactions existed for any hormone (p > 0.05). Use of rest redistribution resulted in lower perceived effort and lactate responses. Yet, hormone responses during rest redistribution were no different from TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Merrigan
- Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.,Kinesiology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - James J Tufano
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Jennifer B Fields
- Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.,Kinesiology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Jonathan M Oliver
- Army West Point Athletics, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York
| | - Margaret T Jones
- Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.,Kinesiology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
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22
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Scantlebury S, Till K, Sawczuk T, Phibbs P, Jones B. Navigating the Complex Pathway of Youth Athletic Development: Challenges and Solutions to Managing the Training Load of Youth Team Sport Athletes. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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23
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Jukic I, Tufano JJ. Acute effects of shorter but more frequent rest periods on mechanical and perceptual fatigue during a weightlifting derivative at different loads in strength-trained men. Sports Biomech 2020; 21:1122-1135. [PMID: 32336216 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1747530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditional sets can be fatiguing, but redistributing rest periods to be shorter and more frequent may help maintain peak vertical barbell displacement (DISP) and reduce concentric repetition duration (CRDI), peak velocity decline (PVD) and perceptual exertion (RPE) across multiple repetitions, sets and loads during clean pulls. Fifteen strength-trained men performed: 3 traditional sets of 6 clean pulls using 80% (TS80), 100% (TS100) and 120% (TS120) of power clean 1RM with 180 seconds of inter-set rest; and 3 'rest redistribution' protocols of 9 sets of 2 clean pulls using 80% (RR80), 100% (RR100) and 120% (RR120) of power clean 1RM with 45 seconds of inter-set rest. DISP was greater during RR100 (g = 0.39) and RR120 (g = 0.56) compared to TS100 and TS120, respectively. In addition, PVD was less during RR120 than TS120 (g = 1.18), while CRDI was greater during TS100 (g = 0.98) and TS120 (g = 0.89) compared to RR100 and RR120, respectively. Also, RR protocols resulted in lower RPE across the sets at all loads (g = 1.11-1.24). Therefore, RR generally resulted in lower perceptual and mechanical fatigue, evidenced by lower RPE, PVD, CRDI and greater DISP than TS, and these differences became even more exaggerated as the barbell load and the number of sets performed increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jukic
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - James J Tufano
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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24
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Barahona-Fuentes GD, Ojeda ÁH, Jerez-Mayorga D. Effects of different methods of strength training on indicators of muscle fatigue during and after strength training: a systematic review. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574202000030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Álvaro Huerta Ojeda
- Universidad de Las Américas, Chile; Centro de Capacitación e Investigación Deportiva Alpha Sports, Chile
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25
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Wetmore AB, Wagle JP, Sams ML, Taber CB, DeWeese BH, Sato K, Stone MH. Cluster Set Loading in the Back Squat: Kinetic and Kinematic Implications. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33 Suppl 1:S19-S25. [PMID: 30694961 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Wetmore, A, Wagle, JP, Sams, ML, Taber, CB, DeWeese, BH, Sato, K, and Stone, MH. Cluster set loading in the back squat: Kinetic and kinematic implications. J Strength Cond Res 33(7S): S19-S25, 2019-As athletes become well trained, they require greater stimuli and variation to force adaptation. One means of adding additional variation is the use of cluster loading. Cluster loading involves introducing interrepetition rest during a set, which in theory may allow athletes to train at higher absolute intensities for the same volume. The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic and kinematic implications of cluster loading as a resistance training programming tactic compared with traditional loading (TL). Eleven resistance-trained men (age = 26.75 ± 3.98 years, height = 181.36 ± 5.96 cm, body mass = 89.83 ± 10.66 kg, and relative squat strength = 1.84 ± 0.34) were recruited for this study. Each subject completed 2 testing sessions consisting of 3 sets of 5 back squats at 80% of their 1 repetition maximum with 3 minutes of interset rest. Cluster loading included 30 seconds of interrepetition rest with 3 minutes of interset rest. All testing was performed on dual-force plates sampling at 1,000 Hz, and the barbell was connected to 4 linear position transducers sampling at 1,000 Hz. Both conditions had similar values for peak force, concentric average force, and eccentric average force (p = 0.25, effect size (ES) = 0.09, p = 0.25, ES = 0.09, and p = 0.60, ES = 0.04, respectively). Cluster loading had significantly higher peak power (PP) (p < 0.001, ES = 0.77), peak and average velocities (p < 0.001, ES = 0.77, and p < 0.001, ES = 0.81, respectively), lower times to PP and velocity (p < 0.001, ES = -0.68, and p < 0.001, ES = -0.68, respectively) as well as greater maintenance of time to PP (p < 0.001, ES = 1.57). These results suggest that cluster loading may be superior to TL when maintaining power output and time point variables is the desired outcome of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Wetmore
- Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - John P Wagle
- Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Matt L Sams
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Education, LaGrange College, LaGrange, Georgia
| | - Christopher B Taber
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Science, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, Connecticut
| | - Brad H DeWeese
- Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Kimitake Sato
- Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Michael H Stone
- Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
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26
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Tufano JJ, Omcirk D, Malecek J, Pisz A, Halaj M, Scott BR. Traditional sets versus rest-redistribution: a laboratory-controlled study of a specific cluster set configuration at fast and slow velocities. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:421-430. [PMID: 31553890 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated redistributing long inter-set rest intervals into shorter but more frequent intervals at 2 different concentric velocities. Resistance-trained men performed 4 randomised isokinetic unilateral knee extension protocols, 2 at 60°·s-1 and 2 at 360°·s-1. At each speed, subjects performed 40 repetitions with 285 s of rest using traditional sets (TS; 4 sets of 10 with 95 s of inter-set rest) and rest-redistribution (RR; 20 sets of 2 with 15 s inter-set rest). Before and at 2, 5, and 10 min after exercise, tensiomyography (TMG) and oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy; NIRS) were measured. NIRS was also measured during exercise, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded after every 10 repetitions. At both speeds, RR displayed greater peak torque, total work, and power output during latter repetitions, but there were no differences between TS or RR when averaging all 40 repetitions. The RPE was less during RR at both speeds (p < 0.05). RR increased select muscle oxygen saturation and blood flow at both speeds. There were no effects of protocol on TMG, but effect sizes favoured a quicker recovery after RR. RR was likely beneficial in maintaining performance compared with the latter parts of TS sets and limiting perceived and peripheral fatigue. Novelty Although effective at slow velocities, rest-redistribution was likely more effective during high-velocity movements in this study. Rest-redistribution maintained the ability to produce force throughout an entire range of motion. Rest-redistribution reduced RPE during both high-velocity and high-force movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Tufano
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16252 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dan Omcirk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16252 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malecek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16252 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Pisz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16252 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Halaj
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16252 Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Track and Field, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Brendan R Scott
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia.,Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
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27
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Ammar A, Riemann BL, Trabelsi K, Blaumann M, Abdelkarim O, Chtourou H, Driss T, Hökelmann A. Comparison of 2- and 3-Minute Inter-Repetition Rest Periods on Maximal Jerk Technique and Power Maintenance. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2019; 90:287-296. [PMID: 30990367 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1594664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 3- vs. 2-minute inter maximal-repetition rest period (IMRRP) on maintaining jerk technical efficiency and power production during two successive maximal repetitions of Clean & Jerk (C&J). Methods: In a randomized, within subject, repeated measures design, nine elite-weightlifters (age: 24.4 ± 3.6 years, body mass: 77.2 ± 7.1 kg, height 176.0 ± 6.4 cm and 1RM C&J: 170.0 ± 5.0 kg) performed 2-separate testing sessions using 2 (IMRRP-2) and 3 (IMRRP-3) -minute IMRRP, while barbell kinematics and kinetics and joint kinematics were recorded. Results: Statistical analysis showed that one minute longer IMRRP enhanced the maintenance of optimal jerk technique evidenced by reducing declines in peak vertical barbell displacement (2.74%; p = .03), peak barbell velocity (2.89%; p = .03), and peak knee (1.61%; p = .03) and hip extensions (1.59%; p = .03) during the drive phase of the jerk. Additionally, IMRRP-3 led to maintaining optimal lifting strategy by reducing the increase in horizontal displacement during the descending (3.85%; p = .04) and ascending (5.42%; p = .02) phases. Increasing IMRRP from 2min to 3min was also shown to enhance kinetic variables evidenced by prompting higher peak vGRF (2.01%; p = .04) and power (2.55%; p = .04). Conclusion: To better identify an athlete's maximal jerk technique and power maintenance, the results of this study suggest 3min as more appropriate IMRRP during successive C&J at 100% 1RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ammar
- a Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg
- b Sfax University
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28
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Rest Redistribution Functions as a Free and Ad-Hoc Equivalent to Commonly used Velocity-Based Training Thresholds During Clean Pulls at Different Loads. J Hum Kinet 2019; 68:5-16. [PMID: 31531129 PMCID: PMC6724594 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined whether redistributing total rest time into shorter, but more frequent rest periods could maintain velocity and power output during 3 traditional sets of 6 clean pulls using 80% (TS80), 100% (TS100) and 120% (TS120) of power clean 1RM with 180 seconds of inter-set rest and during 3 “rest redistribution” protocols of 9 sets of 2 clean pulls using 80% (RR80), 100% (RR100) and 120% (RR120) of power clean 1RM with 45 seconds of inter-set rest. The total number of repetitions performed above 10 and 20% velocity loss thresholds, mean and peak velocity maintenance (the average of all 18 repetitions relative to the best repetition; MVM, PVM), and decline (the worst repetition relative to the best repetition; MVD, PVD) were calculated. For MVM, PVM, MVD, and PVD, there were small-to-moderate effect sizes in favour of RR80 and RR100, but large effects favouring RR120, compared to their respective TS protocols. The number of repetitions within a 20% velocity loss threshold was 17.7 ± 0.6 during RR and 16.5 ± 2.4 during TS (effect size 0.69); and the number of repetitions within a 10% velocity loss threshold was about 13.1 ± 3.7 during RR and 10.7 ± 3.6 during TS (effect size 0.66). Therefore, RR generally allowed for a better overall maintenance of velocity and power, especially at heavy loads. Coaches who wish to implement velocity-based training, but who do not wish to purchase or use the associated equipment, may consider rest-redistribution to encourage similar training stimuli.
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29
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Tufano JJ, Conlon JA, Nimphius S, Oliver JM, Kreutzer A, Haff GG. Different Cluster Sets Result in Similar Metabolic, Endocrine, and Perceptual Responses in Trained Men. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:346-354. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Chapman M, Larumbe-Zabala E, Gosss-Sampson M, Colpus M, Triplett NT, Naclerio F. Perceptual, Mechanical, and Electromyographic Responses to Different Relative Loads in the Parallel Squat. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:8-16. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Ammar A, Riemann BL, Abdelkarim O, Driss T, Hökelmann A. Effect of 2- vs. 3-Minute Interrepetition Rest Period on Maximal Clean Technique and Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 34:2548-2556. [PMID: 30138239 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ammar, A, Riemann, BL, Abdelkarim, O, Driss, T, and Hökelmann, A. Effect of 2- vs. 3-minute interrepetition rest period on maximal clean technique and performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2548-2556, 2020-Currently, it is widely accepted that adopting a long rest period (3-5 minutes) during maximal strength and power exercise is of importance in reducing acute fatigue and maintaining power and technique proficiency. However, despite the fact that weightlifting is an example of maximal strength exercise, only 2 minutes are officially allowed when athletes attempt 2 successive lifts. The purpose of this study was to compare 3- vs. 2-minute intermaximal repetition rest periods (IMRRPs) on performance, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), technical efficiency, and power production during 2 successive maximal repetitions of clean & jerk (C&J). Nine elite weightlifters (age: 24.4 ± 3.6 years, body mass: 77.2 ± 7.1 kg, height 176.0 ± 6.4 cm, and 1 repetition maximum C&J: 170.0 ± 5.0 kg) performed 2 separate testing sessions using 2-minute IMRRP (IMRRP-2) and 3-minute IMRRP (IMRRP-3), in a randomized order, while barbell kinematics and kinetics were recorded. Results showed that the longer IMRRP-3 minutes led to the maintenance of clean technique (from the first to the second repetition) evidenced by a 1.86% lower decline in peak vertical displacement (p = 0.03) and attenuation of increased peak horizontal displacements with a 1.74% (p = 0.03) less backward movement during the first pull, a 3.89% (p = 0.008) less forward movement during the second pull, and a 4.7% (p = 0.005) less backward movement during the catch phase. In addition, attenuation of peak velocity (2.22%; p = 0.02), peak vertical ground reaction force (1.70%; p = 0.03), and peak power (2.14%; p = 0.02) declines were shown using IMRRP-3 compared with IMRRP-2. Increasing IMRRP from 2 to 3 minutes was also shown to decrease RPE values (8.02%; p = 0.008) and to enhance supramaximal C&J performance (1.55%; p = 0.003). The results of this study suggest 3 minutes to be the most advantageous IMRRP in terms of maintaining technical efficiency, power output, reducing fatigue perception, and enhancing performance in elite weightlifters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ammar
- Research Unit (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.,Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bryan L Riemann
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, Georgia; and
| | - Osama Abdelkarim
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tarak Driss
- Research Center on Sport and Movement (EA 2931), UFR STAPS, University of Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Anita Hökelmann
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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32
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Chapman M, Larumbe-Zabala E, Goss-Sampson M, Triplett NT, Naclerio F. Using Perceptual and Neuromuscular Responses to Estimate Mechanical Changes During Continuous Sets in the Bench Press. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 33:2722-2732. [PMID: 29481450 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chapman, M, Larumbe-Zabala, E, Gosss-Sampson, M, Triplett, NT, and Naclerio, F. Using perceptual and neuromuscular responses to estimate mechanical changes during continuous sets in the bench press. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2722-2732, 2019-This study analyzed the effectiveness of the OMNI-RES (0-10) and the electromyographic signal for monitoring changes in the movement velocity during a set to muscular failure performed with different relative loads in the bench press (BP) exercise. Ten males (30.8 ± 5.7 years) were evaluated on 8 separate days with 48 hours of rest between sessions. After determining the 1 repetition maximum value, participants performed 7 sets to failure with the following relative loads ranges: 30 < 40%, 40 < 50%, 50 < 60%, 60 < 70%, 70 < 80%, 80 < 90%, and >90%. The mean accelerative velocity (MAV), the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and the normalized root-mean-square (N-RMS) signal from the anterior deltoids were measured for every repetition of each set. The RPE expressed after the first repetition and when the maximum value of MAV was achieved over the sets was lower (p < 0.001, d > 0.80) than the RPE associated with a 10% drop in MAV and at failure. Furthermore, the initial RPE was useful to distinguish different loading zones between the light relative loads (30 < 40% vs. 40 < 50% vs. 50 < 60%) and from these 3 zones to the higher relative load ranges (60 to >90%). Similar, but less clear, differences were observed for the N-RMS. In conclusion, apart from differentiating between relative loads, the RPE and in some cases N-RMS can both reflect changes associated with the initial, maximal, 10% drop in movement velocity, and muscular failure during a continuous set in the BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Chapman
- Department of Life and Sports Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Kent, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Goss-Sampson
- Department of Life and Sports Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - N Travis Triplett
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina
| | - Fernando Naclerio
- Department of Life and Sports Science, University of Greenwich, Medway, Kent, United Kingdom
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Ikutomo A, Kasai N, Goto K. Impact of inserted long rest periods during repeated sprint exercise on performance adaptation. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 18:47-53. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1383515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiho Ikutomo
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsushi, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Kasai
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsushi, Japan
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsushi, Japan
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsushi, Japan
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34
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Marston KJ, Peiffer JJ, Newton MJ, Scott BR. A comparison of traditional and novel metrics to quantify resistance training. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5606. [PMID: 28717150 PMCID: PMC5514046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Common estimates of external training intensity for resistance exercise do not incorporate inter-set recovery duration, and might not reflect the overall demands of training. This study aimed to assess novel metrics of exercise density (ED) during resistance exercise, and how these related to a physiological marker of internal training intensity as well as traditional measures of external training intensity and volume. Thirteen males and seven females performed two bouts of resistance exercise focused on developing strength (5 sets of 5 repetitions with 5-repetition maximum; 180 s recovery) and hypertrophy (3 sets of 10 repetitions with 10-repetition maximum; 60 s recovery). Blood lactate concentration was measured to quantify internal training intensity. Specific metrics of external volume (mechanical work, volume load and total repetitions) and intensity (average weight lifted and ED) were calculated. Despite lower average weights and no difference in mechanical work or volume load, blood lactate was greater following hypertrophy compared with the strength condition. This finding was consistent with higher measures of ED in the hypertrophy compared with the strength condition. Greater ED during hypertrophy resistance exercise, along with the significant association with changes in blood lactate, indicates that ED metrics are reflective of the sessional intensity for resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran J Marston
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Jeremiah J Peiffer
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael J Newton
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan R Scott
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Weakley JJS, Till K, Read DB, Roe GAB, Darrall-Jones J, Phibbs PJ, Jones B. The effects of traditional, superset, and tri-set resistance training structures on perceived intensity and physiological responses. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1877-1889. [PMID: 28698987 PMCID: PMC5556132 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Investigate the acute and short-term (i.e., 24 h) effects of traditional (TRAD), superset (SS), and tri-set (TRI) resistance training protocols on perceptions of intensity and physiological responses. Methods Fourteen male participants completed a familiarisation session and three resistance training protocols (i.e., TRAD, SS, and TRI) in a randomised-crossover design. Rating of perceived exertion, lactate concentration ([Lac]), creatine kinase concentration ([CK]), countermovement jump (CMJ), testosterone, and cortisol concentrations was measured pre, immediately, and 24-h post the resistance training sessions with magnitude-based inferences assessing changes/differences within/between protocols. Results TRI reported possible to almost certainly greater efficiency and rate of perceived exertion, although session perceived load was very likely lower. SS and TRI had very likely to almost certainly greater lactate responses during the protocols, with changes in [CK] being very likely and likely increased at 24 h, respectively. At 24-h post-training, CMJ variables in the TRAD protocol had returned to baseline; however, SS and TRI were still possibly to likely reduced. Possible increases in testosterone immediately post SS and TRI protocols were reported, with SS showing possible increases at 24-h post-training. TRAD and SS showed almost certain and likely decreases in cortisol immediately post, respectively, with TRAD reporting likely decreases at 24-h post-training. Conclusions SS and TRI can enhance training efficiency and reduce training time. However, acute and short-term physiological responses differ between protocols. Athletes can utilise SS and TRI resistance training, but may require additional recovery post-training to minimise effects of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon J S Weakley
- Room G03, Macaulay Hall, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Centre for Sports Performance, Headingley Campus, Leeds Beckett University, West Yorkshire, LS6 3GZ, UK. .,Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union Club, Kirkstall Training Ground, Leeds Rugby Academy, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.
| | - Kevin Till
- Room G03, Macaulay Hall, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Centre for Sports Performance, Headingley Campus, Leeds Beckett University, West Yorkshire, LS6 3GZ, UK.,Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union Club, Kirkstall Training Ground, Leeds Rugby Academy, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Dale B Read
- Room G03, Macaulay Hall, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Centre for Sports Performance, Headingley Campus, Leeds Beckett University, West Yorkshire, LS6 3GZ, UK.,Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union Club, Kirkstall Training Ground, Leeds Rugby Academy, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Gregory A B Roe
- Room G03, Macaulay Hall, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Centre for Sports Performance, Headingley Campus, Leeds Beckett University, West Yorkshire, LS6 3GZ, UK.,Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union Club, Kirkstall Training Ground, Leeds Rugby Academy, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Joshua Darrall-Jones
- Room G03, Macaulay Hall, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Centre for Sports Performance, Headingley Campus, Leeds Beckett University, West Yorkshire, LS6 3GZ, UK.,Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union Club, Kirkstall Training Ground, Leeds Rugby Academy, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Padraic J Phibbs
- Room G03, Macaulay Hall, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Centre for Sports Performance, Headingley Campus, Leeds Beckett University, West Yorkshire, LS6 3GZ, UK.,Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union Club, Kirkstall Training Ground, Leeds Rugby Academy, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Room G03, Macaulay Hall, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Centre for Sports Performance, Headingley Campus, Leeds Beckett University, West Yorkshire, LS6 3GZ, UK.,Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union Club, Kirkstall Training Ground, Leeds Rugby Academy, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,The Rugby Football League, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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36
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Tufano JJ, Brown LE, Haff GG. Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Different Cluster Set Structures: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:848-867. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Hiscock DJ, Dawson B, Clarke M, Peeling P. Can changes in resistance exercise workload influence internal load, countermovement jump performance and the endocrine response? J Sports Sci 2017; 36:191-197. [PMID: 28282743 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1290270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the influence of differing volume load and intensity (%1 repetition maximum[%1RM]) resistance exercise workouts on session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) countermovement jump (CMJ) performance and endocrine responses. Twelve participants performed a workout comprising four exercises (bench press, back squat, deadlift and prone bench pull) in randomised order as either power (POW); 3 sets × 6 repetitions at 45%1RM × 3 min inter-set rest, strength (ST); 3 sets × 3 repetitions at 90%1RM × 3 min inter-set rest, or hypertrophy (HYP); 3 sets × 10 repetitions at 70%1RM × 1 min inter-set rest in a randomised-crossover design. CMJ performance and endocrine responses were measured immediately pre-, post-, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h post-exercise. POW sRPE (3.0 ± 1.0) was lower than ST (4.5 ± 1.0) (P = 0.01), and both were lower than HYP (8.5 ± 1.0) (P = 0.01). Duration of CMJ decrement was longer (P ≤ 0.05) for HYP (72 h) compared to POW (12 h) and ST (24 h). Testosterone concentration was greater (P ≤ 0.05) immediately post-exercise in HYP compared to POW and ST. In conclusion, less inter-set rest, greater volume load and intensity (%1RM) may increase sRPE, duration of CMJ performance decrement and testosterone responses in resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hiscock
- a School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Brian Dawson
- a School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Michael Clarke
- b Centre for Metabolomics, The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- a School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
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38
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Suchomel TJ, Comfort P, Lake JP. Enhancing the Force-Velocity Profile of Athletes Using Weightlifting Derivatives. Strength Cond J 2017. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Oliver JM, Kreutzer A, Jenke SC, Phillips MD, Mitchell JB, Jones MT. Velocity Drives Greater Power Observed During Back Squat Using Cluster Sets. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:235-43. [PMID: 26121432 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This investigation compared the kinetics and kinematics of cluster sets (CLU) and traditional sets (TRD) during back squat in trained (RT) and untrained (UT) men. Twenty-four participants (RT = 12, 25 ± 1 year, 179.1 ± 2.2 cm, 84.6 ± 2.1 kg; UT = 12, 25 ± 1 year, 180.1 ± 1.8 cm, 85.4 ± 3.8 kg) performed TRD (4 × 10, 120-second rest) and CLU (4 × (2 × 5) 30 seconds between clusters; 90 seconds between sets) with 70% one repetition maximum, randomly. Kinematics and kinetics were sampled through force plate and linear position transducers. Resistance-trained produced greater overall force, velocity, and power; however, similar patterns were observed in all variables when comparing conditions. Cluster sets produced significantly greater force in isolated repetitions in sets 1-3, while consistently producing greater force due to a required reduction in load during set 4 resulting in greater total volume load (CLU, 3302.4 ± 102.7 kg; TRD, 3274.8 ± 102.8 kg). Velocity loss was lessened in CLU resulting in significantly higher velocities in sets 2 through 4. Furthermore, higher velocities were produced by CLU during later repetitions of each set. Cluster sets produced greater power output for an increasing number of repetitions in each set (set 1, 5 repetitions; sets 2 and 3, 6 repetitions; set 4, 8 repetitions), and the difference between conditions increased over subsequent sets. Time under tension increased over each set and was greater in TRD. This study demonstrates greater power output is driven by greater velocity when back squatting during CLU; therefore, velocity may be a useful measure by which to assess power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Oliver
- 1Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas; and 2Kinesiology Department, George Mason University, Mississippi, Manassas, Virginia
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40
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Río-Rodríguez D, Iglesias-Soler E, Fernández del Olmo M. Set Configuration in Resistance Exercise: Muscle Fatigue and Cardiovascular Effects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151163. [PMID: 26982500 PMCID: PMC4794235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cardiovascular responses of traditional resistance (TS) training have been extensively explored. However, the fatigue mechanisms associated with an intra-set rest configuration (ISR) have not been investigated. This study compares two modalities of set configurations for resistance exercise that equates work to rest ratios and measures the central and peripheral fatigue in combination with cortical, hemodynamic and cardiovascular measures. Methods 11 subjects performed two isometric knee extension training sessions using TS and ISR configurations. Voluntary activation (VA), single twitch amplitude, low frequency fatigue (LFF), Mwave, motor evoked potential (MEP), short intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF) and heart rate variability were evaluated before and after each training session. During each session beat to beat heart rate, blood pressure and rate pressure product (RPP) were also evaluated. Results After exercise VA decreased significantly for TS but not for ISR (P < 0.001), single twitch amplitude and LFF values were lower for TS than ISR (P < 0.004), and SICI was reduced only for the TS configuration (P = 0.049). During exercise RPP values were significantly higher for the TS than for ISR (P = 0.001). RPP correlated with VA for TS (r = -.85 P < 0.001) suggesting a relationship between central fatigue and cardiovascular stress. Conclusions We conclude that ISR induced lower central and peripheral fatigue as well as lower cardiovascular stress in comparison with TS configuration. Our study suggests that set configuration is a key factor in the regulation of the neuromuscular and cardiovascular responses of resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Río-Rodríguez
- Learning and Human Movement Control Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruna, Spain
| | - Eliseo Iglesias-Soler
- Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruna, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernández del Olmo
- Learning and Human Movement Control Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruna, Spain
- * E-mail:
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41
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Benites ML, Alves RC, Ferreira SS, Follador L, da Silva SG. Are rate of perceived exertion and feelings of pleasure/displeasure modified in elderly women undergoing 8 week of strength training of prescribe intensity? J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:407-11. [PMID: 27065524 PMCID: PMC4792981 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The aim of the present study was to verify the rate of perceived exertion and
feelings of pleasure/displeasure in elderly women, who did normally perform physical
exercises, following eight weeks of strength training in a constant routine. [Subjects and
Methods] Eleven sedentary women were subjected to anthropometric assessment. The maximum
load (100%) for each used in this study was determined by performing a test to determined
the 1RM for each of them according to the protocol of Fatouros et al. and the Feeling
Scale and RPE scale were explained to the women. After these initial procedures, the
subjects followed a routine for strength training, performing three sets of repetitions at
70% of the one-repetition maximum for each exercise (bench press, leg extension, pulldown,
leg curl) without modifying the exercises and their execution order. The frequency of
training was three days per week. ANOVA was used to analyze the behavior of the dependent
variable, and the post hoc tests were used to identify significant differences. [Results]
Strength increased only in the fifth week. The rate of perceived exertion showed a
reduction only in the fifth week in the leg extension, pulldown, leg curl. [Conclusion]
The percentage of 70% the one-repetition maximum recommended to increase the strength
gains and hypertrophy of skeletal muscle does not provide feelings of displeasure when
performing proposed exercise. However, it may be possible to modulate this percentage to
obtain more pleasant feelings over two months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L Benites
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
| | - Ragami C Alves
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
| | - Sandro S Ferreira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
| | - Lucio Follador
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
| | - Sergio G da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
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Abstract
This review article examines previous weightlifting literature and provides a rationale for the use of weightlifting pulling derivatives that eliminate the catch phase for athletes who are not competitive weightlifters. Practitioners should emphasize the completion of the triple extension movement during the second pull phase that is characteristic of weightlifting movements as this is likely to have the greatest transference to athletic performance that is dependent on hip, knee, and ankle extension. The clean pull, snatch pull, hang high pull, jump shrug, and mid-thigh pull are weightlifting pulling derivatives that can be used in the teaching progression of the full weightlifting movements and are thus less complex with regard to exercise technique. Previous literature suggests that the clean pull, snatch pull, hang high pull, jump shrug, and mid-thigh pull may provide a training stimulus that is as good as, if not better than, weightlifting movements that include the catch phase. Weightlifting pulling derivatives can be implemented throughout the training year, but an emphasis and de-emphasis should be used in order to meet the goals of particular training phases. When implementing weightlifting pulling derivatives, athletes must make a maximum effort, understand that pulling derivatives can be used for both technique work and building strength-power characteristics, and be coached with proper exercise technique. Future research should consider examining the effect of various loads on kinetic and kinematic characteristics of weightlifting pulling derivatives, training with full weightlifting movements as compared to training with weightlifting pulling derivatives, and how kinetic and kinematic variables vary between derivatives of the snatch.
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43
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Hiscock DJ, Dawson B, Donnelly CJ, Peeling P. Muscle activation, blood lactate, and perceived exertion responses to changing resistance training programming variables. Eur J Sport Sci 2015; 16:536-44. [PMID: 26267339 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1071880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE: 0-10) during resistance training with varying programming demands were examined. Blood lactate (BLa) and muscle activation (using surface electromyography: EMG) were measured as potential mediators of RPE responses. Participants performed three sets of single arm (preferred side) bicep curls at 70% of 1 repetition maximum over 4 trials: Trial (A) 3 sets × 8 repetitions × 120 s recovery between sets; (B) 3 sets × 8 repetitions × 240 s recovery; (C) 3 sets × maximum number of repetitions (MNR) × 120 s recovery; (D) 3 sets × MNR × 240 s recovery. Overall body (RPE-O) and active muscle (RPE-AM) perceptual responses were assessed following each set in each trial. Biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscle EMG was measured during each set for each trial. RPE-O and RPE-AM were not different between Trial A (3.5 ± 1 and 6 ± 1, respectively) and Trial B (3.5 ± 1 and 5.5 ± 1, respectively) (p < .05). However, RPE-AM was significantly greater in Trial C (7.5 ± 1.5) and Trial D (7.5 ± 1.5) than in Trial B (p < .05). There were no significant differences in muscle activation or BLa between trials; however, work rate (tonnage/min) was greater in Trials C and D compared to Trial B. In conclusion, BLa and muscle activation were not related to RPE, but resistance training variables, such as work rate, may impact on RPE when intensity (%1RM) and the number of sets completed remain constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hiscock
- a School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Brian Dawson
- a School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Cyril J Donnelly
- a School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- a School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
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Oliver JM, Kreutzer A, Jenke S, Phillips MD, Mitchell JB, Jones MT. Acute response to cluster sets in trained and untrained men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:2383-93. [PMID: 26183257 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In traditional sets (TRD) repetitions are performed continuously, whereas cluster sets (CLU) allow a brief rest between groups of repetitions. We investigated the acute mechanical, metabolic, and hormonal response to CLU in men. METHODS Twelve resistance-trained (RT) and 11 untrained (UT) men performed TRD (4 × 10 repetitions with 2 min rest) and CLU [4 × (2 × 5) with 1.5 min rest between sets 30 s rest between clusters] at 70 % 1RM back squat in random order. Seven days separated trials. Average power and time under tension (TUT) were calculated. Blood was sampled pre, sets 1, 2, and 3; immediate post-exercise, 5, 15, 30, 60 min post-exercise for blood lactate, total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), growth hormone (GH), and cortisol. RESULTS CLU produced greater average power at an increasing number of repetitions over each set with greater total volume load. TUT was shorter for RT and lower for CLU in repetitions 1, 6, 7, 8. Blood lactate was higher Set 2 through 30 min in TRD. RT had higher TT; however, the time course was similar between RT and UT. TT and FT increased immediate post-exercise and remained elevated 30 min in both conditions. GH was significantly greater during TRD with a similar pattern observed in both conditions. Cortisol was significantly lower at 30 min in CLU. CONCLUSION CLU allowed greater total volume load, shorter TUT, greater average power, similar anabolic hormonal response, and less metabolic stress. The acute response was similar despite training status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Oliver
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 297730, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA.
| | - Andreas Kreutzer
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 297730, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Shane Jenke
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 297730, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Melody D Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 297730, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Joel B Mitchell
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 297730, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Margaret T Jones
- Division of Health and Human Performance, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
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Hiscock DJ, Dawson B, Peeling P. Perceived Exertion Responses to Changing Resistance Training Programming Variables. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:1564-9. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Mayo X, Iglesias-Soler E, Fernández-Del-Olmo M. Effects of Set Configuration of Resistance Exercise on Perceived Exertion. Percept Mot Skills 2014; 119:825-37. [DOI: 10.2466/25.29.pms.119c30z3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Set configuration refers to the repetitions performed with regard to the maximum possible number of repetitions, a factor affecting RPE that has not been previously studied. This study analyzed the effect of set configuration and muscle mass on RPE. Eight students ( M age = 23.7 yr. ± 1.7) completed four sessions corresponding to types of exercise with different amount of muscle mass (bench press and parallel squat) and two set configurations: a session with five sets of repetitions to failure and a cluster session. The cluster session involved the same intensity, volume, and rest than the failure session, guaranteeing the same work-to-rest ratio. RPE was higher in Failure vs Cluster sessions and higher in parallel squat vs bench press. This suggests that set configuration influences RPE. Similarly, RPE can be affected by the muscle mass of the exercise performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xián Mayo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of A Coruña
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Iglesias-Soler E, Boullosa DA, Carballeira E, Sánchez-Otero T, Mayo X, Castro-Gacio X, Dopico X. Effect of set configuration on hemodynamics and cardiac autonomic modulation after high-intensity squat exercise. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2014; 35:250-7. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliseo Iglesias-Soler
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education; University of A Coruña; Oleiros Spain
| | - Daniel A. Boullosa
- Post-Graduate Program In Physical Education; Catholic University of Brasília; Águas Claras Brasília Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carballeira
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education; University of A Coruña; Oleiros Spain
| | - Tania Sánchez-Otero
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education; University of A Coruña; Oleiros Spain
| | - Xian Mayo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education; University of A Coruña; Oleiros Spain
| | - Xabier Castro-Gacio
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education; University of A Coruña; Oleiros Spain
| | - Xurxo Dopico
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education; University of A Coruña; Oleiros Spain
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48
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Boullosa DA, Abreu L, Beltrame LGN, Behm DG. The acute effect of different half squat set configurations on jump potentiation. J Strength Cond Res 2014. [PMID: 23207892 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31827ddf15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of a half squat exercise performed with different set configurations on jump potentiation. Twelve resistance-trained men were evaluated on 3 occasions separated by 48-96 hours. First, they performed a 5 repetitions maximum (5RM) test. Subsequently, they performed in a randomized order 2 sessions: one session with 5RM until failure and the other with the same workload but with 30-second rest intervals between repetitions (i.e., cluster set [CS]). Countermovement jump performance was examined during the second and third sessions for jump height and force-time parameters using a force platform at the following time intervals: before and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 minutes. Separate comparisons for each variable at the different time intervals were analyzed using analysis of variance, effect size, and qualitative inferences. The majority of the parameters improved independently of the time they occurred, except for peak force and vertical stiffness after a set until failure. For peak power, it appears that the cluster treatment resulted in superior potentiation at 1 minute, whereas the 5RM treatment resulted in greater potentiation at 9 minutes. Effect size analysis and qualitative outcomes revealed an improvement in vertical stiffness and a lowering in the depth of the countermovement in CS. There were significant correlations between participants' 5RM relative performance and various force-time parameters only in CS. It appears that a CS induces greater peak power than a 5RM set at 1 minute, although the reverse occurs at 9 minutes. Delayed potentiation associated with the 5RM may be attributed to greater fatigue versus the CS approach. Therefore, it follows that the optimal method for inducing peak power potentiation is dependent on the available time between heavy half squat exercise and the subsequent jump performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Boullosa
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
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Vasquez LM, McBride JM, Paul JA, Alley JR, Carson LT, Goodman CL. Effect of Resistance Exercise Performed to Volitional Failure on Ratings of Perceived Exertion. Percept Mot Skills 2013; 117:881-91. [DOI: 10.2466/27.29.pms.117x30z8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effect of resistance exercise performed to volitional failure on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) using power as an indication of fatigue. 12 male participants ( M age= 21.9 yr., SD = 1.3) performed one set of back squats at three different intensities (50%, 70%, and 90% of one repetition maximum) for both a pre-determined number of repetitions (3) and to volitional failure. RPE was significantly different between sets at 50%, 70%, and 90% when performed to a pre-determined number of repetitions, but not during volitional failure. A decrease in power between the first and the last repetitions in the volitional failure sets suggests that fatigue may confound the relationship between RPE and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia M. Vasquez
- Neuromuscular & Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Leisure & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University
| | - Jeffrey M. McBride
- Neuromuscular & Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Leisure & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University
| | - Judith A. Paul
- Neuromuscular & Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Leisure & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University
| | - Jessica R. Alley
- Neuromuscular & Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Leisure & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University
| | - Lauren T. Carson
- Neuromuscular & Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Leisure & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University
| | - Courtney L. Goodman
- Neuromuscular & Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Leisure & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University
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Hardee JP, Lawrence MM, Zwetsloot KA, Triplett NT, Utter AC, McBride JM. Effect of cluster set configurations on power clean technique. J Sports Sci 2013; 31:488-96. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.736633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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