1
|
O'Bryan SJ, Hiam D, Lamon S. Single-session measures of quadriceps neuromuscular function are reliable in healthy females and unaffected by age. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1719-1732. [PMID: 38189826 PMCID: PMC11130065 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the inter-session reliability of quadriceps neuromuscular function measurements in healthy young and older females. METHODS Twenty-six females aged 19-74 years completed two identical experimental sessions on different days. Quadriceps neuromuscular function measurements included isometric maximal voluntary force, high- and low-frequency twitch force, voluntary and evoked (H-reflex, M-wave) electromyography (EMG), and estimated maximal torque, velocity and power derived from torque-velocity relationships. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), coefficients of variation (CoV) and Bland-Altman plots assessed inter-session reliability. The effect of age on reliability was assessed by linear regression. RESULTS Excellent reliability (ICC > 0.8) was shown for all voluntary and evoked mechanical outcomes. Vastus lateralis EMG outcomes showed excellent reliability (ICC > 0.8) with CoVs < 12%, which were better than those of vastus medialis and rectus femoris. Age was not associated with reliability for 27/28 outcomes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Excellent reliability of voluntary and evoked force and vastus lateralis EMG outcomes measured in healthy females can be attained in one experimental session, irrespective of age. Female neuromuscular function can be accurately assessed across the lifespan with minimal inconvenience, increasing feasibility for future research. The random error should however be considered when quantifying age-related differences in neuromuscular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J O'Bryan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia.
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Van Hooren B, Aagaard P, Monte A, Blazevich AJ. The role of pennation angle and architectural gearing to rate of force development in dynamic and isometric muscle contractions. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14639. [PMID: 38686976 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between muscle architecture and rate of force development (RFD) have been largely studied during fixed-end (isometric) contractions. Fixed-end contractions may, however, limit muscle shape changes and thus alter the relationship between muscle architecture an RFD. AIM We compared the correlation between muscle architecture and architectural gearing and knee extensor RFD when assessed during dynamic versus fixed-end contractions. METHODS Twenty-two recreationally active male runners performed dynamic knee extensions at constant acceleration (2000°s-2) and isometric contractions at a fixed knee joint angle (fixed-end contractions). Torque, RFD, vastus lateralis muscle thickness, and fascicle dynamics were compared during 0-75 and 75-150 ms after contraction onset. RESULTS Resting fascicle angle was moderately and positively correlated with RFD during fixed-end contractions (r = 0.42 and 0.46 from 0-75 and 75-150 ms, respectively; p < 0.05), while more strongly (p < 0.05) correlated with RFD during dynamic contractions (r = 0.69 and 0.73 at 0-75 and 75-150 ms, respectively; p < 0.05). Resting fascicle angle was (very) strongly correlated with architectural gearing (r = 0.51 and 0.73 at 0-75 ms and 0.50 and 0.70 at 75-150 ms; p < 0.05), with gearing in turn also being moderately to strongly correlated with RFD in both contraction conditions (r = 0.38-0.68). CONCLUSION Resting fascicle angle was positively correlated with RFD, with a stronger relationship observed in dynamic than isometric contraction conditions. The stronger relationships observed during dynamic muscle actions likely result from different restrictions on the acute changes in muscle shape and architectural gearing imposed by isometric versus dynamic muscle contractions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bas Van Hooren
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Andrea Monte
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Magris R, Nardello F, Bombieri F, Monte A, Zamparo P. Characterization of the vastus lateralis torque-length, and knee extensors torque-velocity and power-velocity relationships in people with Parkinson's disease. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1380864. [PMID: 38725475 PMCID: PMC11079174 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1380864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition observed primarily in the elderly population that gives rise to motor and non-motor symptoms, one of which is muscle weakness. The aim of this study was to characterize the vastus lateralis torque-fascicle length (T-L) and the knee extensors torque-angular velocity (T-V) and power-angular velocity (P-V) relationships in PD patients and to investigate the influence of muscle geometry on muscle mechanics. Methods Participants (11 PD: patients, 9 CR: age matched healthy controls; 10 CY: young healthy controls) performed: (i) isometric contractions (e.g., MVC) to obtain the torque-angle and T-L relationships; (ii) isokinetic (e.g., iso-velocity) contractions to obtain the T-V and P-V relationships. During the experiments, the architecture of vastus lateralis (pennation angle, fascicle length, muscle thickness) was also determined by using an ultrasound apparatus. Results Significant differences were observed between PD patients and physically matched control groups (CR and CY) in terms of maximum isometric force (calculated as the apex of the T-L curve) and maximum mechanical power (apex of the P-V curve), but not in maximum shortening velocity. Among the mechanical variables investigated, mechanical power was able to identify differences between the less and the more affected side in PD patients, suggesting that this parameter could be useful for clinical evaluation in this population. Conclusions The observed results cannot be explained by differences in muscle geometry at rest (similar in the three cohorts), but rather by the muscle capacity to change in shape during contraction, that is impaired in PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Magris
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang C, Deng L, Zhang X, Wu K, Zhan J, Fu W, Jin J. Effects of 12-week gait retraining on plantar flexion torque, architecture, and behavior of the medial gastrocnemius in vivo. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1352334. [PMID: 38572360 PMCID: PMC10987777 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1352334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore the effects of 12-week gait retraining (GR) on plantar flexion torque, architecture, and behavior of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Methods Thirty healthy male rearfoot strikers were randomly assigned to the GR group (n = 15) and the control (CON) group (n = 15). The GR group was instructed to wear minimalist shoes and run with a forefoot strike pattern for the 12-week GR (3 times per week), whereas the CON group wore their own running shoes and ran with their original foot strike pattern. Participants were required to share screenshots of running tracks each time to ensure training supervision. The architecture and behavior of MG, as well as ankle torque data, were collected before and after the intervention. The architecture of MG, including fascicle length (FL), pennation angle, and muscle thickness, was obtained by measuring muscle morphology at rest using an ultrasound device. Ankle torque data during plantar flexion MVIC were obtained using a dynamometer, from which peak torque and early rate of torque development (RTD50) were calculated. The fascicle behavior of MG was simultaneously captured using an ultrasound device to calculate fascicle shortening, fascicle rotation, and maximal fascicle shortening velocity (Vmax). Results After 12-week GR, 1) the RTD50 increased significantly in the GR group (p = 0.038), 2) normalized FL increased significantly in the GR group (p = 0.003), and 3) Vmax increased significantly in the GR group (p = 0.018). Conclusion Compared to running training, GR significantly enhanced the rapid strength development capacity and contraction velocity of the MG. This indicates the potential of GR as a strategy to improve muscle function and mechanical efficiency, particularly in enhancing the ability of MG to generate and transmit force as well as the rapid contraction capability. Further research is necessary to explore the effects of GR on MG behavior during running in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqin Deng
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xini Zhang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kaicheng Wu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianglong Zhan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Fu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kubo K. Maximal fascicle shortening velocity measurements in human medial gastrocnemius muscle in vivo. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15541. [PMID: 36597209 PMCID: PMC9810790 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the maximal fascicle shortening velocity under near-no-load conditions. In addition, we determined whether the rate of torque development during ballistic contraction was related to maximal fascicle shortening velocity. Under passive and active conditions, the medial gastrocnemius muscle fascicle shortening velocity was measured using ultrasonography at 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 ° s-1 . The maximal fascicle shortening velocity was defined as the fascicle shortening velocity under the lowest angular velocity that satisfied the following two conditions; (1) the difference in torque values between passive and active conditions was below 2.4 Nm and (2) the difference in fascicle shortening velocities between passive and active conditions was below 10 mm s-1 . The rate of torque development was analyzed during the periods of 32, 48, 96, 152, and 200 ms after the onset of contraction during ballistic contraction. At the angular velocity (678.6 ± 147.7 ° s-1 ) that satisfied the two previously mentioned conditions, the exerted torque and the maximal fascicle shortening velocity were 1.4 ± 1.3 Nm and 251.0 ± 40.5 mm s-1 . No significant correlations were found between the maximal fascicle shortening velocity and the rate of torque development at each time point. In conclusion, the maximal fascicle shortening velocity was quantified when the angular velocity satisfied the two conditions. Furthermore, the rate of torque development, often used as an indicator of muscle velocity, did not represent the maximal fascicle shortening velocity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Kubo
- Department of Life ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Werkhausen A, Gløersen Ø, Nordez A, Paulsen G, Bojsen-Møller J, Seynnes OR. Linking muscle architecture and function in vivo: conceptual or methodological limitations? PeerJ 2023; 11:e15194. [PMID: 37077309 PMCID: PMC10108853 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the clear theoretical link between sarcomere arrangement and force production, the relationship between muscle architecture and function remain ambiguous in vivo. Methods We used two frequently used ultrasound-based approaches to assess the relationships between vastus lateralis architecture parameters obtained in three common conditions of muscle lengths and contractile states, and the mechanical output of the muscle in twenty-one healthy subjects. The relationship between outcomes obtained in different conditions were also examined. Muscle architecture was analysed in panoramic ultrasound scans at rest with the knee fully extended and in regular scans at an angle close to maximum force (60°), at rest and under maximum contraction. Isokinetic and isometric strength tests were used to estimate muscle force production at various fascicle velocities. Results Measurements of fascicle length, pennation angle and thickness obtained under different experimental conditions correlated moderately with each other (r = 0.40-.74). Fascicle length measured at 60° at rest correlated with force during high-velocity knee extension (r = 0.46 at 400° s-1) and joint work during isokinetic knee extension (r = 0.44 at 200° s-1 and r = 0.57 at 100° s-1). Muscle thickness was related to maximum force for all measurement methods (r = 0.44-0.73). However, we found no significant correlations between fascicle length or pennation angle and any measures of muscle force or work. Most correlations between architecture and force were stronger when architecture was measured at rest close to optimal length. Conclusion These findings reflect methodological limitations of current approaches to measure fascicle length and pennation angle in vivo. They also highlight the limited value of static architecture measurements when reported in isolation or without direct experimental context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Werkhausen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Gløersen
- Smart Sensors and Microsystems, SINTEF Digital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antoine Nordez
- Movement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, France
| | - Gøran Paulsen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Bojsen-Møller
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Olivier R. Seynnes
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Werkhausen A, Gløersen Ø, Nordez A, Paulsen G, Bojsen-Møller J, Seynnes OR. Rate of force development relationships to muscle architecture and contractile behavior in the human vastus lateralis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21816. [PMID: 36528647 PMCID: PMC9759581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tested the hypotheses that (i) rate of force development (RFD) is correlated to muscle architecture and dynamics and that (ii) force-length-velocity properties limit knee extensor RFD. Twenty-one healthy participants were tested using ultrasonography and dynamometry. Vastus lateralis optimal fascicle length, fascicle velocity, change in pennation angle, change in muscle length, architectural gear ratio, and force were measured during rapid fixed-end contractions at 60° knee angle to determine RFD. Isokinetic and isometric tests were used to estimate individual force-length-velocity properties, to evaluate force production relative to maximal potential. Correlation analyses were performed between force and muscle parameters for the first three 50 ms intervals. RFD was not related to optimal fascicle length for any measured time interval, but RFD was positively correlated to fascicle shortening velocity during all intervals (r = 0.49-0.69). Except for the first interval, RFD was also related to trigonometry-based changes in muscle length and pennation angle (r = 0.45-0.63) but not to architectural gear ratio. Participants reached their individual vastus lateralis force-length-velocity potential (i.e. their theoretical maximal force at a given length and shortening velocity) after 62 ± 24 ms. Our results confirm the theoretical importance of fascicle shortening velocity and force-length-velocity properties for rapid force production and suggest a role of fascicle rotation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Werkhausen
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Gløersen
- grid.4319.f0000 0004 0448 3150SINTEF Digital, Smart Sensors and Microsystems, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antoine Nordez
- grid.4817.a0000 0001 2189 0784Movement-Interactions-Performance, MIP, UR 4334, Nantes Université, 44000 Nantes, France ,grid.440891.00000 0001 1931 4817Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Gøran Paulsen
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Bojsen-Møller
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Olivier R. Seynnes
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Determining concentric and eccentric force-velocity profiles during squatting. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:769-779. [PMID: 35038023 PMCID: PMC8854263 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The force–velocity relationship of muscular contraction has been extensively studied. However, previous research has focussed either on isolated muscle or single-joint movements, whereas human movement consists of multi-joint movements (e.g. squatting). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the force–velocity relationship of isovelocity squatting. Methods Fifteen male participants (24 ± 2 years, 79.8 ± 9.1 kg, 177.5 ± 6 cm) performed isovelocity squats on a novel motorised isovelocity device (Kineo Training System) at three concentric (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 m s−1) and three eccentric velocities (− 0.25, − 0.5, and − 0.75 m s−1). Peak vertical ground reaction forces, that occurred during the isovelocity phase, were collected using dual force plates (2000 Hz) (Kistler, Switzerland). Results The group mean squat force–velocity profile conformed to the typical in vivo profile, with peak vertical ground reaction forces during eccentric squatting being 9.5 ± 19% greater than isometric (P = 0.037), and occurring between − 0.5 and − 0.75 m s−1. However, large inter-participant variability was identified (0.84–1.62 × isometric force), with some participants being unable to produce eccentric forces greater than isometric. Sub-group analyses could not identify differences between individuals who could/could not produce eccentric forces above isometric, although those who could not tended to be taller. Conclusions These finding suggest that variability exists between participants in the ability to generate maximum eccentric forces during squatting, and the magnitude of eccentric increase above isometric cannot be predicted solely based on a concentric assessment. Therefore, an assessment of eccentric capabilities may be required prior to prescribing eccentric-specific resistance training.
Collapse
|
9
|
Monte A, Bertucco M, Magris R, Zamparo P. Muscle Belly Gearing Positively Affects the Force-Velocity and Power-Velocity Relationships During Explosive Dynamic Contractions. Front Physiol 2021; 12:683931. [PMID: 34456744 PMCID: PMC8387943 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.683931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in muscle shape could play an important role during contraction allowing to circumvent some limits imposed by the fascicle force–velocity (F–V) and power–velocity (P–V) relationships. Indeed, during low-force high-velocity contractions, muscle belly shortening velocity could exceed muscle fascicles shortening velocity, allowing the muscles to operate at higher F–V and P–V potentials (i.e., at a higher fraction of maximal force/power in accordance to the F–V and P–V relationships). By using an ultrafast ultrasound, we investigated the role of muscle shape changes (vastus lateralis) in determining belly gearing (muscle belly velocity/fascicle velocity) and the explosive torque during explosive dynamic contractions (EDC) at angular accelerations ranging from 1000 to 4000°.s–2. By means of ultrasound and dynamometric data, the F–V and P–V relationships both for fascicles and for the muscle belly were assessed. During EDC, fascicle velocity, belly velocity, belly gearing, and knee extensors torque data were analysed from 0 to 150 ms after torque onset; the fascicles and belly F–V and P–V potentials were thus calculated for each EDC. Absolute torque decreased as a function of angular acceleration (from 80 to 71 Nm, for EDC at 1000 and 4000°.s–1, respectively), whereas fascicle velocity and belly velocity increased with angular acceleration (P < 0.001). Belly gearing increased from 1.11 to 1.23 (or EDC at 1000 and 4000°.s–1, respectively) and was positively corelated with the changes in muscle thickness and pennation angle (the changes in latter two equally contributing to belly gearing changes). For the same amount of muscle’s mechanical output (force or power), the fascicles operated at higher F–V and P–V potential than the muscle belly (e.g., P–V potential from 0.70 to 0.56 for fascicles and from 0.65 to 0.41 for the muscle belly, respectively). The present results experimentally demonstrate that belly gearing could play an important role during explosive contractions, accommodating the largest part of changes in contraction velocity and allowing the fascicle to operate at higher F–V and P–V potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Monte
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertucco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Magris
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Zamparo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rodriguez-Lopez C, Beckwée D, Luyten FP, Van Assche D, Van Roie E. Reduced knee extensor torque production at low to moderate velocities in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:2144-2155. [PMID: 34409660 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine deficits in knee extensor muscle function through the torque-time and torque-velocity relationships and whether these deficits are associated with reduced functional performance in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). A clinical sample of postmenopausal women with established KOA (n = 18, ≥55 years) was compared to an age-matched healthy control sample (CON) (n = 26). The deficits in different parameters of the knee extensor torque-time (maximal isometric torque and rate of torque development) and torque-velocity relationship (maximum muscle power, maximal velocity and torque at 0-500°·s-1 ) were assessed through a protocol consisting of isometric, isotonic and isokinetic tests. Functional performance was evaluated with sit-to-stand and stair-climbing tasks using a sensor-based technology (ie, time- and power-based outcomes). Postmenopausal women with KOA showed reduced maximal isometric torque (Hedge's g effect size (g) = 1.05, p = 0.001) and rate of torque development (g = 0.77-1.17, all p ≤ 0.02), combined with impaired torque production at slow to moderate velocities (g = 0.92-1.70, p ≤ 0.004), but not at high or maximal velocities (g = 0.16, p > 0.05). KOA were slower (g = 0.81-0.92, p ≤ 0.011) and less powerful (g = 1.11-1.29, p ≤ 0.001) during functional tasks. Additionally, knee extensor deficits were moderately associated with power deficits in stair climbing (r = 0.492-0.659). To conclude, knee extensor muscle weakness was presented in postmenopausal women with KOA, not only as limited maximal and rapid torque development during isometric contractions, but also dynamically at low to moderate velocities. These deficits were related to impaired functional performance. The assessment of knee extensor muscle weakness through the torque-time and torque-velocity relationships might enable individual targets for tailored exercise interventions in KOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Beckwée
- Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Frailty in Ageing Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Department of Development & Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Van Assche
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van Roie
- Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Novel isodamping dynamometer accurately measures plantar flexor function. J Biomech 2020; 111:110015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
12
|
Van Roie E, Van Driessche S, Delecluse C, Vanwanseele B. Age-related differences in vastus lateralis fascicle behavior during fast accelerative leg-extension movements. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1878-1887. [PMID: 32564402 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Leg-extensor rate of power development (RPD) decreases during aging. This study aimed to identify the underlying mechanism of the age-related decline in RPD during a fast acceleration in terms of in vivo vastus lateralis (VL) fascicle shortening behavior. Thirty-nine men aged between 25 and 69 years performed three maximal isokinetic leg-extensor tests with a fixed initial acceleration of 45° knee extension in 150 ms until 340°/s knee angular velocity. RPD, VL activity, and ultrasound images were recorded to assess (relative) fascicle shortening and mean shortening velocity for the phases of electromechanical delay, pretension, and acceleration. Our findings show that fascicle shortening and mean shortening velocity during a fast action increase with aging (0.002 per year, P = .035 and 0.005 s-1 per year, P = .097, respectively), mainly due to a higher amount of shortening in the phase of electromechanical delay. The ratio of VL fascicle length over upper leg length at rest showed a negative correlation (r = -.46, P = .004) with RPD/body mass, while pennation angle at rest showed a trend toward a positive correlation (r = .28, P = .089). To conclude, our findings indicate that the ability to reach high VL fascicle shortening velocities in vivo is not reduced in older men while performing preprogrammed fast accelerations. The greater amount of fascicle shortening in old age is probably the result of age-related differences in the tendinous properties of the muscle-tendon complex, forcing the fascicles to shorten more in order to transmit the muscle force to the segment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Van Roie
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van Driessche
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Delecluse
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Vanwanseele
- Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alcazar J, Csapo R, Ara I, Alegre LM. On the Shape of the Force-Velocity Relationship in Skeletal Muscles: The Linear, the Hyperbolic, and the Double-Hyperbolic. Front Physiol 2019; 10:769. [PMID: 31275173 PMCID: PMC6593051 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The shape of the force-velocity (F-V) relationship has important implications for different aspects of muscle physiology, such as muscle efficiency and fatigue, the understanding of the pathophysiology of several myopathies or the mechanisms of muscle contraction per se, and may be of relevance for other fields, such as the development of robotics and prosthetic applications featuring natural muscle-like properties. However, different opinions regarding the shape of the F-V relationship and the underlying mechanisms exist in the literature. In this review, we summarize relevant evidence on the shape of the F-V relationship obtained over the last century. Studies performed at multiple scales ranging from the sarcomere to the organism level have described the concentric F-V relationship as linear, hyperbolic or double-hyperbolic. While the F-V relationship has most frequently been described as a rectangular hyperbola, a large number of studies have found deviations from the hyperbolic function at both ends of the F-V relation. Indeed, current evidence suggests that the F-V relation in skeletal muscles follows a double-hyperbolic pattern, with a breakpoint located at very high forces/low velocities, which may be a direct consequence of the kinetic properties of myofilament cross-bridge formation. Deviations at low forces/high velocities, by contrast, may be related to a recently discovered, calcium-independent regulatory mechanism of muscle contraction, which may also explain the low metabolic cost of very fast muscle shortening contractions. Controversial results have also been reported regarding the eccentric F-V relationship, with studies in prepared muscle specimens suggesting that maximum eccentric force is substantially greater than isometric force, whereas in vivo studies in humans show only a modest increase, no change, or even a decrease in force in lengthening contractions. This review discusses possible reasons reported in the literature for these discrepant findings, including the testing procedures (familiarization, pre-load condition, and temperature) and a potential neural inhibition at higher lengthening velocities. Finally, some unresolved questions and recommendations for F-V testing in humans are reported at the end of this document.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Alcazar
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Csapo
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, ISAG, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Austria
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
BRENNAN SCOTTF, CRESSWELL ANDREWG, FARRIS DOMINICJ, LICHTWARK GLENA. The Effect of Cadence on the Mechanics and Energetics of Constant Power Cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:941-950. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Santana HP, Miotto H, Silva KS, Dellagrana R, Almeida J. Identification of the force–velocity curve on dynamic resistance exercise for rats. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2019; 62:241-244. [DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_49_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
16
|
Brennan SF, Cresswell AG, Farris DJ, Lichtwark GA. The effect of muscle-tendon unit vs. fascicle analyses on vastus lateralis force-generating capacity during constant power output cycling with variable cadence. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:993-1002. [PMID: 29357487 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00356.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The maximum force-generating capacity of a muscle is dependent on the lengths and velocities of its contractile apparatus. Muscle-tendon unit (MTU) length changes can be estimated from joint kinematics; however, contractile element length changes are more difficult to predict during dynamic contractions. The aim of this study was to compare vastus lateralis (VL) MTU and fascicle level force-length and force-velocity relationships, and dynamic muscle function while cycling at a constant submaximal power output (2.5 W/kg) with different cadences. We hypothesized that manipulating cadence at a constant power output would not affect VL MTU shortening, but significantly affect VL fascicle shortening. Furthermore, these differences would affect the predicted force capacity of the muscle. Using an isokinetic dynamometer and B-mode ultrasound (US), we determined the force-length and force-velocity properties of the VL MTU and its fascicles. In addition, three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the lower limb, as well as US images of VL fascicles were collected during submaximal cycling at cadences of 40, 60, 80, and 100 rotations per minute. Ultrasound measures revealed a significant increase in fascicle shortening as cadence decreased (84% increase across all conditions, P < 0.01), whereas there were no significant differences in MTU lengths across any of the cycling conditions (maximum of 6%). The MTU analysis resulted in greater predicted force capacity across all conditions relative to the force-velocity relationship ( P < 0.01). These results reinforce the need to determine muscle mechanics in terms of separate contractile element and connective tissue length changes during isokinetic contractions, as well as dynamic movements like cycling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that vastus lateralis (VL) muscle tendon unit (MTU) length changes do not adequately reflect the underlying fascicle mechanics during cycling. When examined across different pedaling cadence conditions, the force-generating potential measured only at the level of MTU (or joint) overestimated the maximum force capacity of VL compared with analysis using fascicle level data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott F Brennan
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sensorimotor Performance , Brisbane, Queensland , Australia
| | - Andrew G Cresswell
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sensorimotor Performance , Brisbane, Queensland , Australia
| | - Dominic J Farris
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sensorimotor Performance , Brisbane, Queensland , Australia
| | - Glen A Lichtwark
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sensorimotor Performance , Brisbane, Queensland , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alcazar J, Rodriguez-Lopez C, Ara I, Alfaro-Acha A, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Navarro-Cruz R, Losa-Reyna J, García-García FJ, Alegre LM. Force-velocity profiling in older adults: An adequate tool for the management of functional trajectories with aging. Exp Gerontol 2018; 108:1-6. [PMID: 29567100 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The actual mechanisms leading to a reduced muscle power and functional ability in older adults are poorly understood. We investigated the association between different force-velocity (F-V) profiles and impaired muscle power, physical and cognitive function, frailty, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older people. METHODS Physical function (habitual gait speed, timed up-and-go test, sit-to-stand and stair-climbing ability), cognitive function, HRQoL and frailty were evaluated in 31 older subjects (70-85 years). The F-V relationship and maximal muscle power (Pmax) were assessed in the leg press exercise. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat index, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were obtained from DXA scans and accelerometry, respectively. RESULTS While some subjects showed a force deficit (FDEF), others presented a velocity deficit (VDEF), both leading to an impaired muscle power [Effect size (ES) = 1.30-1.44], and to a likely-very likely moderate harmful effect in their physical and cognitive function, HRQoL and frailty levels (except the VDEF group for cognitive function) [ES = 0.76-1.05]. Leg muscle mass and specific force were similarly associated with force at Pmax, while MVPA but not sedentary time was related to fat index, force at Pmax, and power values (all p < 0.05). A trend was found for the negative association between fat index and relative Pmax (p = 0.075). CONCLUSION Older subjects exhibited different mechanisms (force vs. velocity deficits) leading to impaired muscle power. Both deficits were associated with a lower physical function and quality of life, and a higher frailty, whereas only a force deficit was associated with a lower cognitive function. Interventions aimed at reversing age- and/or disuse-related impairments of muscle power might evaluate the specific responsible mechanism and act accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Alcazar
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Alfaro-Acha
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Navarro-Cruz
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Losa-Reyna
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Luis M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ben Moussa Zouita A, Ben Salah FZ, Dziri C, Beardsley C. Comparison of isokinetic trunk flexion and extension torques and powers between athletes and nonathletes. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 14:72-77. [PMID: 29511655 PMCID: PMC5833971 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1835126.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed to perform and compare maximal concentric isokinetic trunk extension and flexion torques and powers between high-level athletes and a control population. In addition, the ratio of isokinetic trunk extension and flexion torques was measured, and compared between groups. Eighteen high-level male athletes and 15 male nonathletes without low back pain were recruited. Subjects performed isokinetic trunk extension and flexion at 60°/sec, 90°/sec, and 120°/sec through a maximal range of motion in a dynamometer. Trunk extension torque of athletes was significantly higher than in nonathletes at 60°/sec and 90°/sec but not at 120°/sec. Trunk extension power of athletes was significantly higher than the control group at 90°/sec and 120°/sec but not at 60°/sec. There was no difference between the athlete and nonathlete groups in respect of trunk flexion torque or power at any angular velocity. Consequently, the ratio of trunk flexion to extension strength was greater in nonathletes than in athletes. Trunk extension and flexion torques tended to decrease, and trunk extension and flexion powers tended to increase, with increasing angular velocity. High-level athletes seem to display preferentially greater trunk extension strength and power in comparison with trunk flexion strength, compared to nonathletes. This could be caused by the use of strength training exercises such as squats and deadlifts, or it may be associated with greater athletic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Zohra Ben Salah
- Department of Medicine Physical and Functional Rehabilitation of the National Institute of Orthopedics "M.T. Kassab", Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Catherine Dziri
- Department of Medicine Physical and Functional Rehabilitation of the National Institute of Orthopedics "M.T. Kassab", Tunis, Tunisia
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Beaumatin N, Hauraix H, Nordez A, Hager R, Rabita G, Guilhem G, Dorel S. Maximal shortening velocity during plantar flexion: Effects of pre-activity and initial stretching state. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1361-1370. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Beaumatin
- Laboratory “Movement, Interactions, Performance” (EA 4334); Faculty of Sport Sciences; University of Nantes; Nantes France
| | - H. Hauraix
- Laboratory “Movement, Interactions, Performance” (EA 4334); Faculty of Sport Sciences; University of Nantes; Nantes France
| | - A. Nordez
- Laboratory “Movement, Interactions, Performance” (EA 4334); Faculty of Sport Sciences; University of Nantes; Nantes France
| | - R. Hager
- Laboratory “Sport, Expertise and Performance” (EA 7370); Research Department; French Institute of Sport (INSEP); Paris France
| | - G. Rabita
- Laboratory “Sport, Expertise and Performance” (EA 7370); Research Department; French Institute of Sport (INSEP); Paris France
| | - G. Guilhem
- Laboratory “Sport, Expertise and Performance” (EA 7370); Research Department; French Institute of Sport (INSEP); Paris France
| | - S. Dorel
- Laboratory “Movement, Interactions, Performance” (EA 4334); Faculty of Sport Sciences; University of Nantes; Nantes France
| |
Collapse
|