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Goodus MT, Alfredo AN, Carson KE, Dey P, Pukos N, Schwab JM, Popovich PG, Gao J, Mo X, Bruno RS, McTigue DM. Spinal cord injury-induced metabolic impairment and steatohepatitis develops in non-obese rats and is exacerbated by premorbid obesity. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114847. [PMID: 38852834 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Impaired sensorimotor functions are prominent complications of spinal cord injury (SCI). A clinically important but less obvious consequence is development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), including increased adiposity, hyperglycemia/insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. MetS predisposes SCI individuals to earlier and more severe diabetes and cardiovascular disease compared to the general population, which trigger life-threatening complications (e.g., stroke, myocardial infarcts). Although each comorbidity is known to be a risk factor for diabetes and other health problems in obese individuals, their relative contribution or perceived importance in propagating systemic pathology after SCI has received less attention. This could be explained by an incomplete understanding of MetS promoted by SCI compared with that from the canonical trigger diet-induced obesity (DIO). Thus, here we compared metabolic-related outcomes after SCI in lean rats to those of uninjured rats with DIO. Surprisingly, SCI-induced MetS features were equal to or greater than those in obese uninjured rats, including insulin resistance, endotoxemia, hyperlipidemia, liver inflammation and steatosis. Considering the endemic nature of obesity, we also evaluated the effect of premorbid obesity in rats receiving SCI; the combination of DIO + SCI exacerbated MetS and liver pathology compared to either alone, suggesting that obese individuals that sustain a SCI are especially vulnerable to metabolic dysfunction. Notably, premorbid obesity also exacerbated intraspinal lesion pathology and worsened locomotor recovery after SCI. Overall, these results highlight that normal metabolic function requires intact spinal circuitry and that SCI is not just a sensory-motor disorder, but also has significant metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Goodus
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anthony N Alfredo
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kaitlin E Carson
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Nicole Pukos
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jan M Schwab
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dana M McTigue
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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2
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Tallis J, James RS, Eyre ELJ, Shelley SP, Hill C, Renshaw D, Hurst J. Effect of high-fat diet on isometric, concentric and eccentric contractile performance of skeletal muscle isolated from female CD-1 mice. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:1163-1176. [PMID: 38723238 PMCID: PMC11215475 DOI: 10.1113/ep091832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite evidence inferring muscle and contractile mode-specific effects of high-fat diet (HFD), no study has yet considered the impact of HFD directly on eccentric muscle function. The present work uniquely examined the effect of 20-week HFD on the isometric, concentric and eccentric muscle function of isolated mouse soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. CD-1 female mice were randomly split into a control (n = 16) or HFD (n = 17) group and for 20 weeks consumed standard lab chow or HFD. Following this period, SOL and EDL muscles were isolated and assessments of maximal isometric force and concentric work loop (WL) power were performed. Each muscle was then subjected to either multiple concentric or eccentric WL activations. Post-fatigue recovery, as an indicator of incurred damage, was measured via assessment of concentric WL power. In the EDL, absolute concentric power and concentric power normalised to muscle mass were reduced in the HFD group (P < 0.038). HFD resulted in faster concentric fatigue and reduced eccentric activity-induced muscle damage (P < 0.05). For the SOL, maximal isometric force was increased, and maximal eccentric power normalised to muscle mass and concentric fatigue were reduced in the HFD group (P < 0.05). HFD effects on eccentric muscle function are muscle-specific and have little relationship with changes in isometric or concentric function. HFD has the potential to negatively affect the intrinsic concentric and eccentric power-producing capacity of skeletal muscle, but a lack of a within-muscle uniform response indicates disparate mechanisms of action which require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tallis
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Rob S. James
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Emma L. J. Eyre
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Sharn P. Shelley
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Cameron Hill
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's CampusKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Health & Life SciencesCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Josh Hurst
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
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3
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Shelley SP, James RS, Tallis J. The effects of muscle starting length on work loop power output of isolated mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247158. [PMID: 38584504 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Force-length relationships derived from isometric activations may not directly apply to muscle force production during dynamic contractions. As such, different muscle starting lengths between isometric and dynamic conditions could be required to achieve maximal force and power. Therefore, this study examined the effects of starting length [±5-10% of length corresponding to maximal twitch force (L0)] on work loop (WL) power output (PO), across a range of cycle frequencies, of the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL; N=8-10) isolated from ∼8 week old C57 mice. Furthermore, passive work was examined at a fixed cycle frequency to determine the association of passive work and active net work. Starting length affected maximal WL PO of the SOL and EDL across evaluated cycle frequencies (P<0.030, ηp2>0.494). For the SOL, PO produced at -5% L0 was greater than that at most starting lengths (P<0.015, Cohen's d>0.6), except -10% L0 (P=0.135, d<0.4). However, PO produced at -10% L0 versus L0 did not differ (P=0.138, d=0.35-0.49), indicating -5% L0 is optimal for maximal SOL WL PO. For the EDL, WL PO produced at -10% L0 was lower than that at most starting lengths (P<0.032, d>1.08), except versus -5% L0 (P=0.124, d<0.97). PO produced at other starting lengths did not differ (P>0.163, d<1.04). For the SOL, higher passive work was associated with reduced PO (Spearman's r=0.709, P<0.001), but no relationship was observed between passive work and PO of the EDL (Pearson's r=0.191, r2=0.04, P=0.184). This study suggests that starting length should be optimised for both static and dynamic contractions and confirms that the force-length curve during dynamic contractions is muscle specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharn P Shelley
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Science, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Rob S James
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Jason Tallis
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Science, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
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4
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Shelley SP, James RS, Eustace SJ, Eyre ELJ, Tallis J. High-fat diet effects on contractile performance of isolated mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus when supplemented with high dose vitamin D. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:283-301. [PMID: 37983200 PMCID: PMC10988740 DOI: 10.1113/ep091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests vitamin D3 (VD) supplementation can reduce accumulation of adipose tissue and inflammation and promote myogenesis in obese individuals, and thus could mitigate obesity-induced reductions in skeletal muscle (SkM) contractility. However, this is yet to be directly investigated. This study, using the work-loop technique, examined effects of VD (cholecalciferol) supplementation on isolated SkM contractility. Female mice (n = 37) consumed standard low-fat diet (SLD) or high-fat diet (HFD), with or without VD (20,000 IU/kg-1 ) for 12 weeks. Soleus and EDL (n = 8-10 per muscle per group) were isolated and absolute and normalized (to muscle size and body mass) isometric force and power output (PO) were measured, and fatigue resistance determined. Absolute and normalized isometric force and PO of soleus were unaffected by diet (P > 0.087). However, PO normalized to body mass was reduced in HFD groups (P < 0.001). Isometric force of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) was unaffected by diet (P > 0.588). HFD reduced EDL isometric stress (P = 0.048) and absolute and normalized PO (P < 0.031), but there was no effect of VD (P > 0.493). Cumulative work during fatiguing contractions was lower in HFD groups (P < 0.043), but rate of fatigue was unaffected (P > 0.060). This study uniquely demonstrated that high-dose VD had limited effects on SkM contractility and did not offset demonstrated adverse effects of HFD. However, small and moderate effect sizes suggest improvement in EDL muscle performance and animal morphology in HFD VD groups. Given effect sizes observed, coupled with proposed inverted U-shaped dose-effect curve, future investigations are needed to determine dose/duration specific responses to VD, which may culminate in improved function of HFD SkM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharn P. Shelley
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Rob S. James
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | | | | | - Jason Tallis
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
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Chen Y, Ling C, Chen M, Yu L, Yang J, Fang Q. Astaxanthin Ameliorates Worsened Muscle Dysfunction of MDX Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet through Reducing Lipotoxicity and Regulating Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 16:33. [PMID: 38201863 PMCID: PMC10780320 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a severe X-linked inherited neuromuscular disease, has a high prevalence of obesity. Obesity exacerbates muscle damage and results in adverse clinical outcomes. Preventing obesity helps DMD patients delay disease progression and improve quality of life. Astaxanthin (AX) is a kind of carotenoid which has antioxidant and anti-adipogenesis effects. In this study, male C57BL/10ScSnDmdmdx/J mice were fed with a normal diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), and an HFD containing AX for 16 weeks, respectively. The results showed that AX significantly increased gastrocnemius fiber cross-section area and grip strength, improved treadmill endurance test and mitochondrial morphology, and reduced muscle triglyceride and malonaldehyde levels compared to the HFD. Lipidomic analysis revealed that AX decreased high levels of triglyceride, diglyceride, ceramides, and wax ester induced by HFD. Gut microbiota analysis indicated that AX supplementation failed to alleviate abnormal microbiota diversity, but increased the relative abundances of Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Butyricicoccus, and Staphylococcus. In conclusion, AX was expected to alleviate disease progression associated with obesity in DMD patients by reducing lipotoxicity and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (Y.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Chenjie Ling
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215124, China;
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
| | - Liqiang Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (Y.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215031, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (Y.C.); (L.Y.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215124, China;
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Lloyd EM, Pinniger GJ, Murphy RM, Grounds MD. Slow or fast: Implications of myofibre type and associated differences for manifestation of neuromuscular disorders. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14012. [PMID: 37306196 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many neuromuscular disorders can have a differential impact on a specific myofibre type, forming the central premise of this review. The many different skeletal muscles in mammals contain a spectrum of slow- to fast-twitch myofibres with varying levels of protein isoforms that determine their distinctive contractile, metabolic, and other properties. The variations in functional properties across the range of classic 'slow' to 'fast' myofibres are outlined, combined with exemplars of the predominantly slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles, species comparisons, and techniques used to study these properties. Other intrinsic and extrinsic differences are discussed in the context of slow and fast myofibres. These include inherent susceptibility to damage, myonecrosis, and regeneration, plus extrinsic nerves, extracellular matrix, and vasculature, examined in the context of growth, ageing, metabolic syndrome, and sexual dimorphism. These many differences emphasise the importance of carefully considering the influence of myofibre-type composition on manifestation of various neuromuscular disorders across the lifespan for both sexes. Equally, understanding the different responses of slow and fast myofibres due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors can provide deep insight into the precise molecular mechanisms that initiate and exacerbate various neuromuscular disorders. This focus on the influence of different myofibre types is of fundamental importance to enhance translation for clinical management and therapies for many skeletal muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Lloyd
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin J Pinniger
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miranda D Grounds
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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7
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Delgado-Bravo M, Hart DA, Reimer RA, Herzog W. Alterations in skeletal muscle morphology and mechanics in juvenile male Sprague Dawley rats exposed to a high-fat high-sucrose diet. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12013. [PMID: 37491416 PMCID: PMC10368627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although once a health concern largely considered in adults, the obesity epidemic is now prevalent in pediatric populations. While detrimental effects on skeletal muscle function have been seen in adulthood, the effects of obesity on skeletal muscle function in childhood is not clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if the consumption of a high-fat high-sucrose (HFS) diet, starting in the post-weaning period, leads to changes in skeletal muscle morphology and mechanics after 14 weeks on the HFS diet. Eighteen 3-week-old male CD-Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a HFS (C-HFS, n = 10) or standard chow diet (C-CHOW, n = 8). Outcome measures included: weekly energy intake, activity levels, oxygen consumption, body mass, body composition, metabolic profile, serum protein levels, and medial gastrocnemius gene expression, morphology, and mechanics. The main findings from this study were that C-HFS rats: (1) had a greater body mass and percent body fat than control rats; (2) showed early signs of metabolic syndrome; (3) demonstrated potential impairment in muscle remodeling; (4) produced lower relative muscle force; and (5) had a shift in the force-length relationship, indicating that the medial gastrocnemius had shorter muscle fiber lengths compared to those of C-CHOW rats. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that exposure to a HFS diet led to increased body mass, body fat percentage, and early signs of metabolic syndrome, resulting in functional deficits in MG of childhood rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Delgado-Bravo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A Hart
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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8
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Jun L, Robinson M, Geetha T, Broderick TL, Babu JR. Prevalence and Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Metabolic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032973. [PMID: 36769296 PMCID: PMC9917738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is prevalent in a myriad of pathological conditions, such as diabetes, denervation, long-term immobility, malnutrition, sarcopenia, obesity, Alzheimer's disease, and cachexia. This is a critically important topic that has significance in the health of the current society, particularly older adults. The most damaging effect of muscle atrophy is the decreased quality of life from functional disability, increased risk of fractures, decreased basal metabolic rate, and reduced bone mineral density. Most skeletal muscle in humans contains slow oxidative, fast oxidative, and fast glycolytic muscle fiber types. Depending on the pathological condition, either oxidative or glycolytic muscle type may be affected to a greater extent. This review article discusses the prevalence of skeletal muscle atrophy and several mechanisms, with an emphasis on high-fat, high-sugar diet patterns, obesity, and diabetes, but including other conditions such as sarcopenia, Alzheimer's disease, cancer cachexia, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Jun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Megan Robinson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tom L. Broderick
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-223-844-3840
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Kelley RC, Lapierre SS, Muscato DR, Hahn D, Christou DD, Ferreira LF. Cardiac and respiratory muscle responses to dietary N-acetylcysteine in rats consuming a high-saturated fat, high-sucrose diet. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:1312-1325. [PMID: 35938289 PMCID: PMC9633399 DOI: 10.1113/ep090332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? This study addresses whether a high-fat, high-sucrose diet causes cardiac and diaphragm muscle abnormalities in male rats and whether supplementation with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reverses diet-induced dysfunction. What is the main finding and its importance? N-Acetylcysteine attenuated the effects of high-fat, high-sucrose diet on markers of cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, but neither high-fat, high-sucrose diet nor N-acetylcysteine affected the diaphragm. These results support the use of N-acetylcysteine to attenuate cardiovascular dysfunction induced by a 'Western' diet. ABSTRACT Individuals with overweight or obesity display respiratory and cardiovascular dysfunction, and oxidative stress is a causative factor in the general aetiology of obesity and of skeletal and cardiac muscle pathology. Thus, this preclinical study aimed to define diaphragmatic and cardiac morphological and functional alterations in response to an obesogenic diet in rats and the therapeutic potential of an antioxidant supplement, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Young male Wistar rats consumed ad libitum a 'lean' or high-saturated fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for ∼22 weeks and were randomized to control or NAC (2 mg/ml in the drinking water) for the last 8 weeks of the dietary intervention. We then evaluated diaphragmatic and cardiac morphology and function. Neither HFHS diet nor NAC supplementation affected diaphragm-specific force, peak power or morphology. Right ventricular weight normalized to estimated body surface area, left ventricular fractional shortening and posterior wall maximal shortening velocity were higher in HFHS compared with lean control animals and not restored by NAC. In HFHS rats, the elevated deceleration rate of early transmitral diastolic velocity was prevented by NAC. Our data showed that the HFHS diet did not compromise diaphragmatic muscle morphology or in vitro function, suggesting other possible contributors to breathing abnormalities in obesity (e.g., abnormalities of neuromuscular transmission). However, the HFHS diet resulted in cardiac functional and morphological changes suggestive of hypercontractility and diastolic dysfunction. Supplementation with NAC did not affect diaphragm morphology or function but attenuated some of the cardiac abnormalities in the rats receiving the HFHS diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Kelley
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Stephanie S. Lapierre
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Derek R. Muscato
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Dongwoo Hahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Demetra D. Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Leonardo F. Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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10
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Shelley S, James RS, Eustace SJ, Eyre E, Tallis J. Effect of stimulation frequency on force, power, and fatigue of isolated mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275021. [PMID: 35413119 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of stimulation frequency (140, 200, 230 and 260 Hz) on isometric force, work loop (WL) power, and the fatigue resistance of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle (n=32), isolated from 8-10-week-old CD-1 female mice. Stimulation frequency had significant effects on isometric properties of isolated mouse EDL, whereby increasing stimulation frequency evoked increased isometric force, quicker activation, and prolonged relaxation (P <0.047), until 230 Hz and above, thereafter force and activation did not differ (P >0.137). Increasing stimulation frequency increased maximal WL power output (P <0.001; 140 Hz, 71.3±3.5; 200 Hz, 105.4±4.1; 230 Hz, 115.5±4.1; 260 Hz, 121.1±4.1 W.kg-1), but resulted in significantly quicker rates of fatigue during consecutive WL's (P <0.004). WL shapes indicate impaired muscle relaxation at the end of shortening and subsequent increased negative work appeared to contribute to fatigue at 230 and 260 Hz, but not at lower stimulation frequencies. Cumulative work was unaffected by stimulation frequency, except at the start of fatigue protocol where 230 and 260 Hz produced more work than 140 Hz (P <0.039). We demonstrate that stimulation frequency affects force, power, and fatigue, but effects are not uniform between different assessments of contractile performance. Therefore, future work examining contractile properties of isolated skeletal muscle should consider increasing stimulation frequency beyond that needed for maximal force when examining maximal power but utilise a sub-maximal stimulation frequency for fatigue assessments to avoid high degree of negative work atypical of in vivo function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharn Shelley
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Rob S James
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Steven J Eustace
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Emma Eyre
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Jason Tallis
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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11
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Tallis J, James RS, Emma LJE, Cox VM, Hurst J. High-fat diet affects measures of skeletal muscle contractile performance in a temperature specific manner but does not influence regional thermal sensitivity. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275327. [PMID: 35363265 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined if 20-weeks high-fat diet (HFD) consumption had a temperature specific effect on the contractile performance and regional thermal sensitivity of isolated mouse soleus (SOL) and diaphragm (DIA) muscle. Four-week-old female CD-1 mice were randomly selected to consume either a standard laboratory diet or a standard laboratory diet in conjunction with a HFD for 20-weeks. Peripheral SOL and core DIA were isolated from each animal and maximal isometric force and work loop power were assessed at 20⁰C, 28⁰C, 35⁰C and 40⁰C. Increasing temperature to 35⁰C resulted in greater isometric stress, lower activation and relaxation time and higher work loop power in both muscles. A further increase in temperature to 40⁰C did not affect isometric force but increased work loop power output of the SOL. Conversely, isometric force of the DIA was reduced and work loop power maintained when temperature was increased to 40⁰C. HFD consumption resulted in greater isometric force and absolute work loop power of the SOL and reduced isometric stress of the DIA, effects that were less apparent at lower temperatures. When the relationship between temperature and each measure of contractile function was examined by linear regression, there was no difference in slope between the control or HFD groups for either SOL or DIA. These results indicate that whilst contractile function initially increases with temperature, the temperature to elicit maximal performance is muscle and contractile mode-specific. Furthermore, HFD effects on contractile function are temperature specific, but HFD does not influence the relationship between temperature and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tallis
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Rob S James
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - L J Eyre Emma
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Val M Cox
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Josh Hurst
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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12
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Eshima H. Influence of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes on Calcium Handling by Skeletal Muscle: Spotlight on the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria. Front Physiol 2021; 12:758316. [PMID: 34795598 PMCID: PMC8592904 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.758316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes have been shown to interfere with energy metabolism and cause peripheral insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. However, recent studies have focused on the effect metabolic insult has on the loss of muscle size, strength, and physical function. Contractile dysfunction has been linked to impaired intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) regulation. In skeletal muscle, [Ca2+]i homeostasis is highly regulated by Ca2+ transport across the sarcolemma/plasma membrane, the golgi apparatus, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and mitochondria. Particularly, the SR and or mitochondria play an important role in the fine-tuning of this metabolic process. Recent studies showed that obesity and insulin resistance are associated with interactions between the SR and mitochondrial networks (the dynamic tubular reticulum formed by mitochondria), suggesting that metabolic disorders alter Ca2+ handling by these organelles. These interactions are facilitated by specific membrane proteins, including ion channels. This review considers the impact of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, on the regulation of [Ca2+]i in skeletal muscle. It also discusses the mechanisms by which this occurs, focusing chiefly on the SR and mitochondria networks. A deeper understanding of the effect of metabolic disorders on calcium handling might be useful for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Eshima
- Department of International Tourism, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, Japan
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13
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Degens H, Swaminathan A, Tallis J. A High-Fat Diet Aggravates the Age-Related Decline in Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:253-259. [PMID: 33927161 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The age-related decline in muscle function is aggravated by a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increase in fat mass. The hypothesis is that an HFD leads to a faster accumulation of intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and an earlier onset of muscle dysfunction in old than in young-adult individuals. The IMCL accumulation is attenuated in young-adult organisms by an elevated oxidative capacity. Methionine restriction enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and is promising to combat obesity across the ages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anandini Swaminathan
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jason Tallis
- Center for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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14
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Turner MC, Rimington RP, Martin NRW, Fleming JW, Capel AJ, Hodson L, Lewis MP. Physiological and pathophysiological concentrations of fatty acids induce lipid droplet accumulation and impair functional performance of tissue engineered skeletal muscle. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7033-7044. [PMID: 33738797 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) exert physiological and pathophysiological effects leading to changes in skeletal muscle metabolism and function, however, in vitro models to investigate these changes are limited. These experiments sought to establish the effects of physiological and pathophysiological concentrations of exogenous FA upon the function of tissue engineered skeletal muscle (TESkM). Cultured initially for 14 days, C2C12 TESkM was exposed to FA-free bovine serum albumin alone or conjugated to a FA mixture (oleic, palmitic, linoleic, and α-linoleic acids [OPLA] [ratio 45:30:24:1%]) at different concentrations (200 or 800 µM) for an additional 4 days. Subsequently, TESkM morphology, functional capacity, gene expression and insulin signaling were analyzed. There was a dose response increase in the number and size of lipid droplets within the TESkM (p < .05). Exposure to exogenous FA increased the messenger RNA expression of genes involved in lipid storage (perilipin 2 [p < .05]) and metabolism (pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4 [p < .01]) in a dose dependent manner. TESkM force production was reduced (tetanic and single twitch) (p < .05) and increases in transcription of type I slow twitch fiber isoform, myosin heavy chain 7, were observed when cultured with 200 µM OPLA compared to control (p < .01). Four days of OPLA exposure results in lipid accumulation in TESkM which in turn results in changes in muscle function and metabolism; thus, providing insight ito the functional and mechanistic changes of TESkM in response to exogenous FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Turner
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Rowan P Rimington
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Neil R W Martin
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jacob W Fleming
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Andrew J Capel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark P Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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15
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Tallis J, Shelley S, Degens H, Hill C. Age-Related Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction Is Aggravated by Obesity: An Investigation of Contractile Function, Implications and Treatment. Biomolecules 2021; 11:372. [PMID: 33801275 PMCID: PMC8000988 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic and coupled with the unprecedented growth of the world's older adult population, a growing number of individuals are both old and obese. Whilst both ageing and obesity are associated with an increased prevalence of chronic health conditions and a substantial economic burden, evidence suggests that the coincident effects exacerbate negative health outcomes. A significant contributor to such detrimental effects may be the reduction in the contractile performance of skeletal muscle, given that poor muscle function is related to chronic disease, poor quality of life and all-cause mortality. Whilst the effects of ageing and obesity independently on skeletal muscle function have been investigated, the combined effects are yet to be thoroughly explored. Given the importance of skeletal muscle to whole-body health and physical function, the present study sought to provide a review of the literature to: (1) summarise the effect of obesity on the age-induced reduction in skeletal muscle contractile function; (2) understand whether obesity effects on skeletal muscle are similar in young and old muscle; (3) consider the consequences of these changes to whole-body functional performance; (4) outline important future work along with the potential for targeted intervention strategies to mitigate potential detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tallis
- Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV15FB, UK;
| | - Sharn Shelley
- Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV15FB, UK;
| | - Hans Degens
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK;
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Cameron Hill
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK;
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16
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de Sousa LGO, Marshall AG, Norman JE, Fuqua JD, Lira VA, Rutledge JC, Bodine SC. The effects of diet composition and chronic obesity on muscle growth and function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:124-138. [PMID: 33211595 PMCID: PMC7944928 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00156.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is associated with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance (IR), and an increase in intramyocellular lipids (IMCL), which may lead to disturbances in glucose and protein metabolism. To this matter, it has been speculated that chronic obesity and elevated IMCL may contribute to skeletal muscle loss and deficits in muscle function and growth capacity. Thus, we hypothesized that diets with elevated fat content would induce obesity and insulin resistance, leading to a decrease in muscle mass and an attenuated growth response to increased external loading in adult male mice. Male C57BL/6 mice (8 wk of age) were subjected to five different diets, namely, chow, low-dat-diet (LFD), high-fat-diet (HFD), sucrose, or Western diet, for 28 wk. At 25 wk, HFD and Western diets induced a 60.4% and 35.9% increase in body weight, respectively. Interestingly, HFD, but not Western or sucrose, induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Measurement of isometric torque (ankle plantar flexor and ankle dorsiflexor muscles) revealed no effect of DIO on muscle function. At 28 wk of intervention, muscle area and protein synthesis were similar across all diet groups, despite insulin resistance and increased IMCL being observed in HFD and Western diet groups. In response to 30 days of functional overload, an attenuated growth response was observed in only the HFD group. Nevertheless, our results show that DIO alone is not sufficient to induce muscle atrophy and contractile dysfunction in adult male C57BL/6 mice. However, diet composition does have an impact on muscle growth in response to increased external loading.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The effects of diet-induced obesity on skeletal muscle mass are complex and dependent on diet composition and diet duration. The present study results show that chronic exposure to high levels of fatty acids does not affect muscle mass, contractile function, or protein synthesis in obese C57BL/6 mice compared with the consumption of chow. Obesity did result in a delay in load-induced growth; however, only a 45% HFD resulted in attenuated growth following 30 days of functional overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís G. O. de Sousa
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Andrea G. Marshall
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jennifer E. Norman
- 2Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jordan D. Fuqua
- 3Department of Health and Human Physiology, Obesity Research and Education Initiative, Fraternal Order of Eagles (F.O.E.) Diabetes Research Center, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Vitor A. Lira
- 3Department of Health and Human Physiology, Obesity Research and Education Initiative, Fraternal Order of Eagles (F.O.E.) Diabetes Research Center, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John C. Rutledge
- 2Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sue C. Bodine
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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17
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Hill C, James RS, Cox VM, Seebacher F, Tallis J. Age-related changes in isolated mouse skeletal muscle function are dependent on sex, muscle, and contractility mode. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R296-R314. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00073.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to simultaneously examine the age-related, muscle-specific, sex-specific, and contractile mode-specific changes in isolated mouse skeletal muscle function and morphology across multiple ages. Measurements of mammalian muscle morphology, isometric force and stress (force/cross-sectional area), absolute and normalized (power/muscle mass) work-loop power across a range of contractile velocities, fatigue resistance, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform concentration were measured in 232 isolated mouse (CD-1) soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and diaphragm from male and female animals aged 3, 10, 30, 52, and 78 wk. Aging resulted in increased body mass and increased soleus and EDL muscle mass, with atrophy only present for female EDL by 78 wk despite no change in MHC isoform concentration. Absolute force and power output increased up to 52 wk and to a higher level for males. A 23–36% loss of isometric stress exceeded the 14–27% loss of power normalized to muscle mass between 10 wk and 52 wk, although the loss of normalized power between 52 and 78 wk continued without further changes in stress ( P > 0.23). Males had lower power normalized to muscle mass than females by 78 wk, with the greatest decline observed for male soleus. Aging did not cause a shift toward slower contractile characteristics, with reduced fatigue resistance observed in male EDL and female diaphragm. Our findings show that the loss of muscle quality precedes the loss of absolute performance as CD-1 mice age, with the greatest effect seen in male soleus, and in most instances without muscle atrophy or an alteration in MHC isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Hill
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rob S. James
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Val. M. Cox
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason Tallis
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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18
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El Khayat El Sabbouri H, Gay-Quéheillard J, Joumaa WH, Delanaud S, Guibourdenche M, Darwiche W, Djekkoun N, Bach V, Ramadan W. Does the perigestational exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or high-fat diet affect respiratory parameters and diaphragmatic muscle contractility in young rats? Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111322. [PMID: 32289335 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The perinatal period is characterized by developmental stages with high sensitivity to environmental factors. Among the risk factors, maternal High-Fat Diet (HFD) consumption and early-life pesticide exposure can induce metabolic disorders at adulthood. We established the effects of perigestational exposure to Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and/or HFD on respiratory parameters, sleep apnea and diaphragm contractility in adult rats. Four groups of female rats were exposed starting from 4 months before gestation till the end of lactation period to CPF (1 mg/kg/day vs. vehicle) with or without HFD. Sleep apnea and respiratory parameters were measured by whole-body plethysmography in male offspring at postnatal day 60. Then diaphragm strips were dissected for the measurement of contractility, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and gene expression. The perigestational exposure to CPF and/or HFD increased the sleep apnea index but decreased the respiratory frequency. The twitch tension and the fatigability index were also increased, associated with reduced AChE activity and elevated mRNA expression of AChE, ryanodine receptor, and myosin heavy chain isoforms. Therefore, the perigestational exposure to either CPF and/or HFD could program the risks for altered ventilatory parameters and diaphragm contractility in young adult offspring despite the lack of direct contact to CPF and/or HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba El Khayat El Sabbouri
- PERITOX UMR-I-01 University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France; Laboratoire Rammal Hassan Rammal, équipe de Recherche PhyToxE, Faculté des Sciences (section V), Université Libanaise, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | | | - Wissam H Joumaa
- Laboratoire Rammal Hassan Rammal, équipe de Recherche PhyToxE, Faculté des Sciences (section V), Université Libanaise, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Stephane Delanaud
- PERITOX UMR-I-01 University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France
| | | | - Walaa Darwiche
- Hematim Laboratory, EA4666, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Narimane Djekkoun
- PERITOX UMR-I-01 University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Véronique Bach
- PERITOX UMR-I-01 University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Wiam Ramadan
- Laboratoire Rammal Hassan Rammal, équipe de Recherche PhyToxE, Faculté des Sciences (section V), Université Libanaise, Nabatieh, Lebanon; Lebanese Institute for Biomedical Research and Application (LIBRA), International University of Beirut (BIU) and Lebanese International University (LIU), Beirut, Lebanon
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19
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Eshima H, Tamura Y, Kakehi S, Kakigi R, Hashimoto R, Funai K, Kawamori R, Watada H. A chronic high-fat diet exacerbates contractile dysfunction with impaired intracellular Ca 2+ release capacity in the skeletal muscle of aged mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1153-1162. [PMID: 32213111 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00530.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging reduce skeletal muscle contractile function. However, it remains unclear whether obesity additively promotes muscle contractile dysfunction in the setting of aging. In this study, we investigated skeletal muscle contractile function ex vivo and intracellular Ca2+ release in male C57BL/6J mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 or 20 mo. Tetanic force production in the extensor digitorum longus muscle was decreased by aging or HFD feeding, and the further reduction was observed in aged HFD mice. The 20-mo HFD-fed mice, not the 20-mo LFD-fed mice or 4-mo HFD-fed mice, showed reduced intracellular Ca2+ peak levels by high concentration of caffeine (25 mM) compared with 4-mo LFD mice. Aging and HFD feeding additively increased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) levels and were associated with the degree of impaired muscle contractile force and peak Ca2+ level. These data suggest that impairment in the contractile force in aged muscle is aggravated by HFD, which may be due, at least in part, to dysfunction in intracellular Ca2+ release. The IMCL level may be a marker for impaired muscle contractile force caused by aging and HFD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on contractile function and Ca2+ release capacity in aged skeletal muscle. Not only were the force production and peak Ca2+ levels decreased by aging and HFD feeding, respectively, but also, these interventions had an additive effect in aged HFD-fed mice. These data suggest that the impairment in the contractile force in aged muscle is aggravated by a HFD, which may be due to synergistic dysfunction in intracellular Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Eshima
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Kakehi
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakigi
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Messa GAM, Piasecki M, Hurst J, Hill C, Tallis J, Degens H. The impact of a high-fat diet in mice is dependent on duration and age, and differs between muscles. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb217117. [PMID: 31988167 PMCID: PMC7097303 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.217117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged high-fat diets (HFDs) can cause intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation that may negatively affect muscle function. We investigated the duration of a HFD required to instigate these changes, and whether the effects are muscle specific and aggravated in older age. Muscle morphology was determined in the soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm muscles of female CD-1 mice from 5 groups: young fed a HFD for 8 weeks (YS-HFD, n=16), young fed a HFD for 16 weeks (YL-HFD, n=28) and young control (Y-Con, n=28). The young animals were 20 weeks old at the end of the experiment. Old (70 weeks) female CD-1 mice received either a normal diet (O-Con, n=30) or a HFD for 9 weeks (OS-HFD, n=30). Body mass, body mass index and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content increased in OS-HFD (P≤0.003). In the young mice, this increase was seen in YL-HFD and not YS-HFD (P≤0.006). The soleus and diaphragm fibre cross-sectional area (FCSA) in YL-HFD was larger than that in Y-Con (P≤0.004) while OS-HFD had a larger soleus FCSA compared with that of O-Con after only 9 weeks on a HFD (P<0.001). The FCSA of the EDL muscle did not differ significantly between groups. The oxidative capacity of fibres increased in young mice only, irrespective of HFD duration (P<0.001). High-fat diet-induced morphological changes occurred earlier in the old animals than in the young, and adaptations to HFD were muscle specific, with the EDL being least responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A M Messa
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Josh Hurst
- Center for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Cameron Hill
- Center for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, Kings College, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jason Tallis
- Center for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Târgu Mureş 540139, Romania
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21
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Does Dietary-Induced Obesity in Old Age Impair the Contractile Performance of Isolated Mouse Soleus, Extensor Digitorum Longus and Diaphragm Skeletal Muscles? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030505. [PMID: 30818814 PMCID: PMC6470722 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing and obesity independently have been shown to significantly impair isolated muscle contractile properties, though their synergistic effects are poorly understood. We uniquely examined the effects of 9 weeks of a high-fat diet (HFD) on isometric force, work loop power output (PO) across a range of contractile velocities, and fatigability of 79-week-old soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm compared with age-matched lean controls. The dietary intervention resulted in a significant increase in body mass and gonadal fat pad mass compared to the control group. Despite increased muscle mass for HFD soleus and EDL, absolute isometric force, isometric stress (force/CSA), PO normalised to muscle mass and fatigability was unchanged, although absolute PO was significantly greater. Obesity did not cause an alteration in the contractile velocity that elicited maximal PO. In the obese group, normalised diaphragm PO was significantly reduced, with a tendency for reduced isometric stress and fatigability was unchanged. HFD soleus isolated from larger animals produced lower maximal PO which may relate to impaired balance in older, larger adults. The increase in absolute PO is smaller than the magnitude of weight gain, meaning in vivo locomotor function is likely to be impaired in old obese adults, with an association between greater body mass and poorer normalised power output for the soleus. An obesity-induced reduction in diaphragm contractility will likely impair in vivo respiratory function and consequently contribute further to the negative cycle of obesity.
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