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Byrne ML, Lind MN, Horn SR, Mills KL, Nelson BW, Barnes ML, Slavich GM, Allen NB. Using mobile sensing data to assess stress: Associations with perceived and lifetime stress, mental health, sleep, and inflammation. Digit Health 2021; 7:20552076211037227. [PMID: 34777852 PMCID: PMC8580497 DOI: 10.1177/20552076211037227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although stress is a risk factor for mental and physical health problems, it
can be difficult to assess, especially on a continual, non-invasive basis.
Mobile sensing data, which are continuously collected from naturalistic
smartphone use, may estimate exposure to acute and chronic stressors that
have health-damaging effects. This initial validation study validated a
mobile-sensing collection tool against assessments of perceived and lifetime
stress, mental health, sleep duration, and inflammation. Methods Participants were 25 well-characterized healthy young adults
(Mage = 20.64 years, SD = 2.74; 13 men, 12
women). We collected affective text language use with a custom smartphone
keyboard. We assessed participants’ perceived and lifetime stress,
depression and anxiety levels, sleep duration, and basal inflammatory
activity (i.e. salivary C-reactive protein and interleukin-1β). Results Three measures of affective language (i.e. total positive words, total
negative words, and total affective words) were strongly associated with
lifetime stress exposure, and total negative words typed was related to
fewer hours slept (all large effect sizes:
r = 0.50 – 0.78). Total positive words, total negative
words, and total affective words typed were also associated with higher
perceived stress and lower salivary C-reactive protein levels (medium effect
sizes; r = 0.22 – 0.32). Conclusions Data from this initial longitudinal validation study suggest that total and
affective text use may be useful mobile sensing measures insofar as they are
associated with several other stress, mental health, behavioral, and
biological outcomes. This tool may thus help identify individuals at
increased risk for stress-related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Byrne
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | | | - Sarah R Horn
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA
| | | | - Benjamin W Nelson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA.,School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
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2
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Tell D, Burr RL, Mathews HL, Janusek LW. Heart Rate Variability and Inflammatory Stress Response in Young African American Men: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:745864. [PMID: 34722677 PMCID: PMC8548416 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.745864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: African American men have a disproportionately higher incidence of and suffer greater severity and earlier death from cardiovascular disease (CVD). A common feature of many diseases, which disproportionately afflict disadvantaged African Americans, is inflammation. In particular, inflammation plays a decisive role in the pathogenesis of CVD in that persistent inflammation contributes to plaque evolution and destabilization. Adverse childhood experiences increase the risk for adult inflammatory based disease, particularly cardiovascular disease. This inflammatory burden becomes evident during stressful events and may be related to alterations in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. We previously reported that African American men who experienced childhood adversity exhibited a greater inflammatory (IL-6) response to acute stress challenge (Trier Social Stress Test - TSST). The purpose of this study was to determine whether altered ANS activity, as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), contributes to a greater proinflammatory response to stress in those exposed to childhood adversity. Methods: Thirty-four African American adult males underwent the TSST while instrumented with Holter monitors to record continuous heart rate for HRV determination. HRV was calculated as the low frequency (LF) to high frequency (HF) heart rate ratio (LF/HF), with higher LF/HF ratios corresponding to higher sympathetic vs. parasympathetic activity. Salivary samples were collected pre- and post-TSST to measure the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Childhood adversity was assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results: Hierarchical linear modeling demonstrated that higher levels of physical abuse were related to a steeper rise in LF/HF ratio during the TSST. Further, a higher LF/HF ratio, in combination with greater exposure to emotional and physical abuse was associated with a greater IL-6 response to the TSST. Conclusions: These findings suggest that adverse childhood experiences associate with an adult phenotype characterized by an altered ANS response to stress as well as a greater proinflammatory (IL-6) response to an acute stressor. Elevations in salivary inflammatory markers have been associated with increased CVD risk. In conclusion, these findings suggest a role for the ANS in the underlying neuro-biological processes whereby childhood adversity predisposes to a more intense inflammatory response to stressful challenge during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Tell
- Department of Health Systems and Adult Health, Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert L Burr
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Herbert L Mathews
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Linda Witek Janusek
- Department of Health Promotion, Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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3
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Parent C, Pokhvisneva I, de Mendonça Filho EJ, O'Donnell KJ, Meaney MJ, Kee MZL, Thng G, Wing H, Adler NE, Keeton V, Pantell MS, Hessler D, Gottlieb LM, Silveira PP. Salivary cytokine cluster moderates the association between caregivers perceived stress and emotional functioning in youth. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 94:125-137. [PMID: 33662503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Some individuals exposed to early life stress show evidence of enhanced systemic inflammation and are at greater risk for psychopathology. In the current study, caregivers and their offspring (0-17 years) were recruited at a pediatric clinic visit at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Mothers and seven-year-old children from the Growing Up inSingaporeTowards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) prospective birth cohort were used as a replication cohort. Caregivers perceived stress was measured to determine potential intergenerational effects on the children's functioning and inflammation levels. Children's emotional functioning in the UCSF cohort was evaluated using the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) inventory. Child emotional and behavioral functioning was measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in GUSTO. Saliva was collected from the children and salivary levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α were measured using an electrochemiluminescent cytokine multiplex panel. Child IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 cytokine levels were clustered into low, average, and high cytokine cluster groups using hierarchical cluster analysis. We did not find that salivary cytokine clusters were significantly associated with children's emotional or behavioral function. However, cytokine clusters did significantly moderate the association between increased caregiver perceived stress and reduced child emotional functioning (UCSF cohort) and increased Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity (ADH) problems (GUSTO cohort, uncorrected Cohen's F2 = 0.02). Using a cytokine clustering technique may be useful in identifying those children exposed to increased caregiver perceived stress that are at risk of emotional and attention deficit hyperactivity problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Parent
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; CIFAR, Toronto, ON, Canada; Yale Child Study Center & Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore; CIFAR, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Z L Kee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Gladi Thng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Holly Wing
- University of California, San Francisco, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nancy E Adler
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Keeton
- University of California, San Francisco, Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Matthew S Pantell
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Danielle Hessler
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Family and Community Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Laura M Gottlieb
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Family and Community Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Patricia P Silveira
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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4
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Nakamura T, Zou K, Shibuya Y, Michikawa M. Oral dysfunctions and cognitive impairment/dementia. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:518-528. [PMID: 33164225 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
With global increases in the aging population, the number of patients with dementia is greatly increasing, which has become a big social problem. Many studies have shown strong associations between oral disorders and systemic disorders, such as diabetes, arthritis, sepsis, aspiration pneumonia, arteriosclerosis, bacterial endocarditis, and other cardiovascular diseases. Similarly, numerous cross-sectional studies showed that patients with dementia usually have poor oral conditions and tooth loss. These have long been considered as a result of difficulty with oral care due to impaired cognitive function, memory, and physical ability in patients with dementia. Indeed, even in patients with mild cognitive impairment, oral care becomes insufficient owing to decreases in spontaneity of grooming and finger dexterity. However, recent studies have shown that tooth loss and occlusal dysfunction may affect brain function and trigger the onset of dementia found in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we highlight the relationships among aging, oral dysfunction, and the development of dementia. Increasing evidence suggests that oral dysfunction is not only a result of dementia in the elderly people, but could also be a causative factor for the onset of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kun Zou
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shibuya
- Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Michikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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5
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Perceived discrimination is associated with the inflammatory response to acute laboratory stress in women at risk for cardiovascular disease. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:625-632. [PMID: 30012518 PMCID: PMC6129426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and exacts a disproportionate toll on minorities. Growing evidence demonstrates that perceived discrimination is a significant contributing factor to psychological distress, chronic low-grade inflammation, and cardiovascular health. However, little is known regarding the extent to which perceived discrimination contributes to the inflammatory response to acute stress. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of perceived discrimination on the inflammatory response to a laboratory acute stress paradigm in women at risk for CVD. A cross-sectional sample of 99 postmenopausal women (50 African American and 49 non-Hispanic White) (mean age 60.2 years) with at least two risk factors for CVD underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Subjects completed the Detroit Area Study Discrimination Scale (DAS-DS) Everyday Discrimination subscale and provided blood and saliva samples prior to the TSST and every 15 min up to 90 min post-TSST to measure a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6). Perceived discrimination was significantly associated with the salivary IL-6 response to the TSST (b = 0.49, SE = 0.13, p = <0.001) controlling for age, race, marital status, household income, BMI, statin use, childhood maltreatment, depressive symptoms, and subjective social status. Women who reported higher levels of perceived discrimination had higher levels of salivary IL-6 at baseline and following the TSST as compared to women who reported lower levels of perceived discrimination. Results suggest that higher levels of perceived discrimination, regardless of race and socioeconomic status, may heighten levels of inflammation, prior to and following an acute stress exposure. The circulating Il-6 response was associated with BMI only and did not correlate with salivary IL-6. These data suggest that perceived discrimination may contribute to the salivary-IL-6 acute stress response. However, more research is needed to help clarify the complex relationships among stress and salivary proinflammatory cytokines.
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6
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Abstract
Fever is a common symptom of infectious and inflammatory disease. It is well-established that prostaglandin E2 is the final mediator of fever, which by binding to its EP3 receptor subtype in the preoptic hypothalamus initiates thermogenesis. Here, we review the different hypotheses on how the presence of peripherally released pyrogenic substances can be signaled to the brain to elicit fever. We conclude that there is unequivocal evidence for a humoral signaling pathway by which proinflammatory cytokines, through their binding to receptors on brain endothelial cells, evoke fever by eliciting prostaglandin E2 synthesis in these cells. The evidence for a role for other signaling routes for fever, such as signaling via circumventricular organs and peripheral nerves, as well as transfer into the brain of peripherally synthesized prostaglandin E2 are yet far from conclusive. We also review the efferent limb of the pyrogenic pathways. We conclude that it is well established that prostaglandin E2 binding in the preoptic hypothalamus produces fever by disinhibition of presympathetic neurons in the brain stem, but there is yet little understanding of the mechanisms by which factors such as nutritional status and ambient temperature shape the response to the peripheral immune challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Blomqvist
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David Engblom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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7
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La Fratta I, Tatangelo R, Campagna G, Rizzuto A, Franceschelli S, Ferrone A, Patruno A, Speranza L, De Lutiis MA, Felaco M, Grilli A, Pesce M. The plasmatic and salivary levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-6 are associated to emotional difference during stress in young male. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3031. [PMID: 29445205 PMCID: PMC5813044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva collection is considered a non-invasive method to detect inflammatory markers in response to emotional states within natural social contexts. Numerous studies have prompted an important role of cytokines in modulating distinct aspects of social and emotional behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of plasma and saliva as investigative tools for measure some inflammatory marker levels (CRP, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-6). At the same time, the relationships between these markers and emotional states in response to a socio-cognitive stress (Academic Exam, AE), were considered. It was demonstrated that the plasma and saliva concentrations of all immune-mediators analyzed were significantly related across the socio-cognitive stress. In addition, when there was a close correlation to AE, the anger state, the IL-1β, the IL-18 salivary and plasmatic concentrations were significantly higher, while they decreased during the AE. On the other hand, the anxiety state and the IL-6 levels significantly increased throughout the AE. The IL-1β and IL-6 were positively associated to the anger and the anxiety state, respectively. In conclusion, our data highlight that different immune markers are similarly detectable in plasma and saliva during socio-cognitive stress. Also, they could be related to different emotional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I La Fratta
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - R Tatangelo
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Campagna
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Rizzuto
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Franceschelli
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Ferrone
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Patruno
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - L Speranza
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - M A De Lutiis
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Felaco
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Grilli
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Pesce
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy.
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8
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Circulating and broncho-alveolar interleukin-6 in relation to body temperature in an experimental model of bovine Chlamydia psittaci infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189321. [PMID: 29281663 PMCID: PMC5744922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodent models of experimentally induced fever, the important role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a circulating endogenous pyrogen is well established. Studies employing larger animal species and real infections are scarce. Therefore, we assessed bioactive IL-6 in peripheral blood and in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of calves after intra-bronchial inoculation with vital Chlamydia psittaci (Cp), with inactivated Cp, or with BGM cells. Only calves inoculated with vital Cp developed fever (peak at 2-3 days after challenge) and significantly increased IL-6 activity. Controls inoculated with either inactivated Cp or BGM cells also expressed increased bioactive IL-6, but no fever developed. Activity of IL-6 in BALF was significantly higher compared to blood serum. This experimental model of Cp infection revealed no apparent relation between IL-6 in blood and body temperature, but did reveal a relation between IL-6 and other markers of inflammation in BALF. We conclude that a local inflammatory response in the lungs of infected calves caused fever, which developed by mechanisms including other mediators besides IL-6.
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9
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Measelle JR, Ablow JC. Contributions of early adversity to pro-inflammatory phenotype in infancy: the buffer provided by attachment security. Attach Hum Dev 2017; 20:1-23. [DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2017.1362657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Conditioned medium from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients reduces the expression and release of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS-gingivalis in THP-1 and MO3.13 cell lines. Cytokine 2017; 96:261-272. [PMID: 28511117 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present research was aimed at evaluating the effect of the conditioned medium (CM) from human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) obtained from healthy donors (hPDLSCs-CM) and from Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis patients (RR-MS-CM) on inflammatory response induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS-G) in a monocytoid human cell line (THP-1) and human oligodendrocyte cell line (MO3.13). Human periodontal ligament biopsies were carried out from control donor patients and selected RR-MS donors. Sample tissues were obtained from premolar teeth during root scaling and subsequently cultured. The effect of hPDLSCs-CM and RR-MS-CM on cell viability in PMA differentiated THP-1 (as a model of microglia) was measured using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The same experiments were performed in undifferentiated and differentiated MO3.13 cells used as models of progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes, respectively. The expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 was evaluated by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression level of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), for which LPS-G is a ligand, was evaluated by Western blot analysis. The results were analyzed by ANOVA using Graph Pad Prism software. LPS-G significantly increased TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression and protein levels in the differentiated THP-1 cells and oligodendrocyte MO3.13 progenitor cells. Treatment with hPDLSCs-CM or with RR-MS-CM significantly attenuated the LPS-induced expression and production of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. The CM from both healthy donors and RR-MS patients also reduced the LPS-G stimulated protein levels of TLR-4 in differentiated THP-1 cells. On the whole our data add new evidence on the anti-inflammatory effects of these peculiar stem cells even when derived from RR-MS patients and open novel perspectives in the therapeutic use of autologous periodontal stem cells in neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative diseases including MS.
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11
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Janusek LW, Tell D, Gaylord-Harden N, Mathews HL. Relationship of childhood adversity and neighborhood violence to a proinflammatory phenotype in emerging adult African American men: An epigenetic link. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 60:126-135. [PMID: 27765646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
African American men (AAM) who are exposed to trauma and adversity during their early life are at greater risk for poor health over their lifespan. Exposure to adversity during critical developmental windows may embed an epigenetic signature that alters expression of genes that regulate stress response systems, including those genes that regulate the inflammatory response to stress. Such an epigenetic signature may increase risk for diseases exacerbated by inflammation, and may contribute to health disparity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which exposure to early life adversity influences the psychological, cortisol, and proinflammatory response to acute stress (Trier Social Stress Test - TSST) in emerging adult AAM, ages 18-25years (N=34). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the cortisol and IL-6 pattern of response to the TSST with respect to childhood adversity factors and DNA methylation of the IL-6 promoter. Findings revealed that in response to the TSST, greater levels of childhood trauma and indirect exposure to neighborhood violence were associated with a greater TSST-induced IL-6 response, and a blunted cortisol response. Reduced methylation of the IL6 promoter was related to increased exposure to childhood trauma and greater TSST-induced IL-6 levels. These results support the concept that exposure to childhood adversity amplifies the adult proinflammatory response to stress, which is related to epigenetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Witek Janusek
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Department of Health Promotion, Loyola University Chicago, Health Science Division, 2160 South First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, United States.
| | - Dina Tell
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Department of Health Promotion, Loyola University Chicago, Health Science Division, 2160 South First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - Noni Gaylord-Harden
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, College of Arts and Sciences, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Herbert L Mathews
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Health Science Division, 2160 South First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, United States
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12
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Rakus K, Ronsmans M, Vanderplasschen A. Behavioral fever in ectothermic vertebrates. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:84-91. [PMID: 27381718 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fever is an evolutionary conserved defense mechanism which is present in both endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates. Ectotherms in response to infection can increase their body temperature by moving to warmer places. This process is known as behavioral fever. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms of induction of fever in mammals. We further discuss the evolutionary conserved mechanisms existing between fever of mammals and behavioral fever of ectothermic vertebrates. Finally, the experimental evidences supporting an adaptive value of behavioral fever expressed by ectothermic vertebrates are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Rakus
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Maygane Ronsmans
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Alain Vanderplasschen
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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13
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Walsh E, Eisenlohr-Moul T, Baer R. Brief mindfulness training reduces salivary IL-6 and TNF-α in young women with depressive symptomatology. J Consult Clin Psychol 2016; 84:887-97. [PMID: 27281371 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology and maintenance of depression. This study investigated the effects of a brief mindfulness intervention on salivary pro-inflammatory correlates of depression (IL-6, TNF-α) and self-reported symptoms of depression in college women. METHODS Sixty-four females with a cut score of ≥16 on the Center for Epidemiological Studies for Depression Scale (CES-D) were assigned to a 4-week mindfulness-based intervention (MBI; N = 31) or a contact-control group (N = 33). For both groups, salivary cytokines and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and posttreatment. For the mindfulness group only, salivary cytokines were also assessed at a 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Both groups showed similar reductions in depression. However, MBI (vs. control) predicted greater reductions in IL-6 and TNF-α; changes in IL-6 were sustained at 3-month follow-up. Higher baseline depressive symptoms predicted greater reductions in inflammation in the mindfulness group. CONCLUSION MBIs may reduce inflammatory immune markers commonly implicated in depression. Individuals with greater depressive symptoms may benefit more from mindfulness training. Although reductions in salivary cytokines in the mindfulness condition were not attributable to changes in depressive symptoms, future work should examine the possibility that such reductions are protective against the development of future depressive episodes. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Walsh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | | | - Ruth Baer
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky
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Inflammatory transcription factors as activation markers and functional readouts in immune-to-brain communication. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 54:1-14. [PMID: 26348582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-to-brain communication pathways involve humoral mediators, including cytokines, central modulation by neuronal afferents and immune cell trafficking to the brain. During systemic inflammation these pathways contribute to mediating brain-controlled sickness symptoms including fever. Experimentally, activation of these signaling pathways can be mimicked and studied when injecting animals with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS). One central component of the brain inflammatory response, which leads, for example, to fever induction, is transcriptional activation of brain cells via cytokines and PAMPS. We and others have studied the spatiotemporal activation and the physiological significance of transcription factors for the induction of inflammation within the brain and the manifestation of fever. Evidence has revealed a role of nuclear factor (NF)κB in the initiation, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 in the maintenance and NF-interleukin (IL)6 in the maintenance or even termination of brain-inflammation and fever. Moreover, psychological stressors, such as exposure to a novel environment, leads to increased body core temperature and genomic NF-IL6-activation, suggesting a potential use of NF-IL6-immunohistochemistry as a multimodal brain cell activation marker and a role for NF-IL6 for differential brain activity. In addition, the nutritional status, as reflected by circulating levels of the cytokine-like hormone leptin, influence immune-to-brain communication and age-dependent changes in LPS-induced fever. Overall, transcription factors remain therapeutically important targets for the treatment of brain-inflammation and fever induction during infectious/non-infectious inflammatory and psychological stress. However, the exact physiological role and significance of these transcription factors requires to be further investigated.
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Roth J, Blatteis CM. Mechanisms of fever production and lysis: lessons from experimental LPS fever. Compr Physiol 2015; 4:1563-604. [PMID: 25428854 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fever is a cardinal symptom of infectious or inflammatory insults, but it can also arise from noninfectious causes. The fever-inducing agent that has been used most frequently in experimental studies designed to characterize the physiological, immunological and neuroendocrine processes and to identify the neuronal circuits that underlie the manifestation of the febrile response is lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our knowledge of the mechanisms of fever production and lysis is largely based on this model. Fever is usually initiated in the periphery of the challenged host by the immediate activation of the innate immune system by LPS, specifically of the complement (C) cascade and Toll-like receptors. The first results in the immediate generation of the C component C5a and the subsequent rapid production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The second, occurring after some delay, induces the further production of PGE2 by induction of its synthesizing enzymes and transcription and translation of proinflammatory cytokines. The Kupffer cells (Kc) of the liver seem to be essential for these initial processes. The subsequent transfer of the pyrogenic message from the periphery to the brain is achieved by neuronal and humoral mechanisms. These pathways subserve the genesis of early (neuronal signals) and late (humoral signals) phases of the characteristically biphasic febrile response to LPS. During the course of fever, counterinflammatory factors, "endogenous antipyretics," are elaborated peripherally and centrally to limit fever in strength and duration. The multiple interacting pro- and antipyretic signals and their mechanistic effects that underlie endotoxic fever are the subjects of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Roth
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Ott D, Simm B, Pollatzek E, Gerstberger R, Rummel C, Roth J. Prostaglandin D2 modulates calcium signals induced by prostaglandin E2 in neurons of rat dorsal root ganglia. Neurosci Lett 2015; 597:159-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Saban KL, Mathews HL, Collins EG, Hogan NS, Tell D, Bryant FB, Pape TLB, Griffin JM, Janusek LW. The Man I Once Knew. Biol Res Nurs 2015; 18:50-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800414568661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Grief, although traditionally conceptualized as a bereavement-related reaction, is also experienced by significant others in response to the profound cognitive and personality changes associated with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a loved one. Grief associated with the death of a loved one is related to increases in proinflammatory cytokines, yet it is not clear whether this is the case for grief experienced by individuals caring for a significant other with TBI. The purpose of this cross-sectional, exploratory study was to examine grief and its association with a proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), in wives/partners caring for veterans with TBI. Participants completed written measures of grief, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms and provided morning saliva samples for TNF-α analysis. Participants reported levels of grief comparable to those reported in studies evaluating individuals grieving the death of a loved one. Path analysis revealed that grief was not associated with TNF-α; however, participants reporting high levels of blame/anger, a subscale of the grief scale, had higher levels of TNF-α. In addition, both grief and blame/anger were related to increased perceived stress and depressive symptoms; however, path analysis demonstrated that perceived stress and depressive symptoms did not mediate the influence of blame/anger on TNF-α. These findings suggest that blame/anger associated with grief may be related to the elevations in TNF-α exhibited by individuals caring for a loved one with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Saban
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Hines, IL, USA
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Eileen G. Collins
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Hines, IL, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy S. Hogan
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dina Tell
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fred B. Bryant
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Theresa Louise Bender Pape
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Hines, IL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joan M. Griffin
- Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Linda Witek Janusek
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Byrne ML, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Reynolds EC, Walsh KA, Laughton K, Waloszek JM, Woods MJ, Trinder J, Allen NB. Acute phase protein and cytokine levels in serum and saliva: a comparison of detectable levels and correlations in a depressed and healthy adolescent sample. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 34:164-75. [PMID: 23999491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has examined associations between inflammation and mental health, and has increasingly focused on utilising younger samples to characterise the temporal relationship between inflammatory responses and the emergence of other symptoms. These studies have typically used blood to measure inflammation, although rates of detection for many inflammatory markers appear to be low. Saliva is a safe and low-cost alternative, and adult research has shown that levels of some salivary markers correlate well with those in serum. However, no research has examined this association in young people. This study examined 16 inflammatory markers in serum and saliva in 17 depressed adolescents and 18 healthy controls, aged 13-18 years. In general, detection rates were higher in saliva compared to in serum. When non-detectable levels were excluded, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) correlated with salivary CRP (r=0.424, p=0.015), and this correlation appeared to only exist for those individuals with high levels of serum CRP (r=0.599, p=0.014). However, when non-detectable levels were included as zero, salivary levels of CRP, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12p70, and interferon (IFN)-γ correlated with their serum counterparts. No significant clinical group differences in any acute phase proteins or cytokines were present. This study suggests that saliva can be used to measure inflammation in studies with adolescent participants, especially CRP, as it appears to correlate with systemic inflammation for those individuals who are expected to have high levels of inflammation. Implications for future directions in research on salivary inflammatory markers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Byrne
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Breivik T, Gundersen Y, Gjermo P, Opstad PK. Chronic treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 inhibits diabetes-induced enhancement of experimental periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:36-44. [PMID: 23586673 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity and excessive glucocorticoid hormone release have been associated with diabetes, altered immune responses and increased susceptibility to periodontitis. In the present study we tested the impact of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes on ligature-induced periodontitis and the effect of subsequent treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, RU486. MATERIAL AND METHODS A single dose of STZ [45 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)] or vehicle was given 10 d before induction of ligature-induced periodontitis and implantation subcutaneously of a drug pellet containing the GR antagonist, RU486, or a placebo pellet. Periodontitis was assessed when the ligatures had been in place for 21 d. Two hours before decapitation all rats received gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (150 μg/kg, i.p.) to induce a robust immune and stress response. RESULTS Compared with control rats, STZ-treated rats developed significantly more periodontal bone loss, and RU486 treatment of STZ -treated rats significantly inhibited this effect. STZ-treated rats also showed significantly higher levels of the HPA axis-derived hormone, corticosterone, as well as of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), but lower levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-1beta (TGF-1β) after LPS stimulation. GR blockade had no statistically significant effects on these measurements in diabetic rats, but tended to enhance the levels of TNF-α and TGF-1β, and reduce the levels of IL-10 and blood glucose. CONCLUSION In diabetic subjects, excessive GR activation as a result of chronic high levels of glucocorticoid hormones may alter immune-system responses in a manner that may increase the susceptibility to periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Breivik
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Room 3130, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7076, USA
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O'Connor MF, Irwin MR, Wellisch DK. When grief heats up: pro-inflammatory cytokines predict regional brain activation. Neuroimage 2009; 47:891-6. [PMID: 19481155 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with sickness behaviors, a set of behaviors including low mood, which are orchestrated by the brain and described as shift in motivational state. The present study investigated the hypothesis that local inflammation is associated with greater subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC) activation in persons undergoing chronic stress. METHODS Women undergoing the emotional stress of bereavement had fMRI scans during a grief elicitation task. Local inflammation was measured by salivary concentrations of two markers of pro-inflammatory cytokine activity (e.g., interleukin-1beta and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II). RESULTS Analyses revealed that both inflammatory markers were positively associated with ventral prefrontal activation (e.g., sACC and orbitofrontal cortex) as well as other regions important in the emotional task such as noun retrieval (e.g., temporal cortex), and visual processing (e.g., cuneus and fusiform gyrus). In separate analyses, the ventral prefrontal activations correlated with free recall of grief-related word stimuli, but not neutral word stimuli. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate the relationship between emotional processing, regional brain activation and localized inflammation in a chronically stressed population of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Frances O'Connor
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, USA.
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Abstract
Somatoform disorders are troubling to both patients and physicians. The diagnosis regrettably relies on the presence of subjective distress in the absence of objective findings. As a result, there is always the possibility that a diagnosis will be "missed." There is a clear underlying physiology of distress, which implies that there is a two-way street--both psychosomatic and somatopsychic in terms of production and experience of somatoform symptoms. Studies on communication pathways from the immune system to the brain provide exciting new information on the pathophysiology of inflammation-associated symptoms.
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Navarro VP, Rocha MJA, Branco LGS. Reduced central c-fos expression and febrile response to repeated LPS injection into periodontal tissue of rats. Brain Res 2007; 1152:57-63. [PMID: 17445782 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Systemic injection of repeated doses of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in attenuation of the febrile response, i.e. endotoxin tolerance, which has been fairly well characterized in rats. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that endotoxin tolerance also occurs after repeated local injection of LPS into periodontal protection tissue. Male Wistar rats were given a gingival intra-pouch injection of sterile saline or LPS at dose of 100 microg/kg on three consecutive days. Body core temperature (Tb) was measured with a miniature datalogger. Another group of animals were used for Fos immunohistochemistry 3 h after the injections in both non-tolerant and tolerant animals. On day one we observed a polyphasic febrile response after LPS injection. The increase in body temperature started about 2 h after LPS administration and lasted 5 h. On day two this response was sensitized and on day three the febrile response was completely abolished. These data suggest that rats develop endotoxin tolerance after repeated LPS administrations into tissues within the oral cavity. Moreover, immunohistochemistry detected a reduction in LPS-induced Fos-like immunoreactivity expression in the subnucleus caudalis of spinal trigeminal nucleus and in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) in tolerant rats compared with non-tolerant animals, indicating that the endotoxin tolerance may be locally mediated in the periodontal protection tissues of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria P Navarro
- Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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