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Li X, Lei ZC, Lo CY, Jan TY, Lau CW, Yao XQ. Endothelial cell Orai1 is essential for endothelium-dependent contraction of mouse carotid arteries in normotensive and hypertensive mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:975-987. [PMID: 38279042 PMCID: PMC11053128 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelium-dependent contraction (EDC) exists in blood vessels of normotensive animals, but is exaggerated in hypertension. An early signal in EDC is cytosolic Ca2+ rise in endothelial cells. In this study we investigated the functional role of Orai1, a major endothelial cell Ca2+ entry channel, in EDC. Hypertension model was established in WT mice by intake of L-NNA in the drinking water (0.5 g/L) for 4 weeks or osmotic pump delivery of Ang II (1.5 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 2 weeks. In TRPC5 KO mice, the concentration of L-NNA and Ang II were increased to 1 g/L or 2 mg·kg-1·d-1, respectively. Arterial segments were prepared from carotid arteries and aortas, and EDC was elicited by acetylcholine in the presence of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. We showed that low concentration of acetylcholine (3-30 nM) initiated relaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted carotid arteries of both normotensive and hypertensive mice, while high concentration of acetylcholine (0.1-2 μM) induced contraction. Application of selective Orai1 inhibitors AnCoA4 (100 μM) or YM58483 (400 nM) had no effect on ACh-induced relaxation but markedly reduced acetylcholine-induced EDC. We found that EDC was increased in hypertensive mice compared with that of normotensive mice, which was associated with increased Orai1 expression in endothelial cells of hypertensive mice. Compared to TRPC5 and TRPV4, which were also involved in EDC, endothelial cell Orai1 had relatively greater contribution to EDC than either TRPC5 or TRPV4 alone. We identified COX-2, followed by PGF2α, PGD2 and PGE2 as the downstream signals of Orai1/TRPC5/TRPV4. In conclusion, Orai1 coordinates together with TRPC5 and TRPV4 in endothelial cells to regulate EDC responses. This study demonstrates a novel function of Orai1 in EDC in both normotensive and hypertensive mice, thus providing a general scheme about the control of EDC by Ca2+-permeable channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Heart and Vascular Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Lei
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Heart and Vascular Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Yin Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Heart and Vascular Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Yau Jan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Heart and Vascular Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Heart and Vascular Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Heart and Vascular Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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2
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Zeng C, Liu J, Zheng X, Hu X, He Y. Prostaglandin and prostaglandin receptors: present and future promising therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Res 2023; 24:263. [PMID: 37915044 PMCID: PMC10619262 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH), is a type of pulmonary vascular disease characterized by abnormal contraction and remodeling of the pulmonary arterioles, manifested by pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and increased pulmonary arterial pressure, eventually leading to right heart failure or even death. The mechanisms involved in this process include inflammation, vascular matrix remodeling, endothelial cell apoptosis and proliferation, vasoconstriction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and hypertrophy. In this study, we review the mechanisms of action of prostaglandins and their receptors in PAH. MAIN BODY PAH-targeted therapies, such as endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, activators of soluble guanylate cyclase, prostacyclin, and prostacyclin analogs, improve PVR, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and the six-minute walk distance, cardiac output and exercise capacity and are licensed for patients with PAH; however, they have not been shown to reduce mortality. Current treatments for PAH primarily focus on inhibiting excessive pulmonary vasoconstriction, however, vascular remodeling is recalcitrant to currently available therapies. Lung transplantation remains the definitive treatment for patients with PAH. Therefore, it is imperative to identify novel targets for improving pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH. Studies have confirmed that prostaglandins and their receptors play important roles in the occurrence and development of PAH through vasoconstriction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. CONCLUSION Prostacyclin and related drugs have been used in the clinical treatment of PAH. Other prostaglandins also have the potential to treat PAH. This review provides ideas for the treatment of PAH and the discovery of new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xialei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhu He
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Wiejak J, Murphy FA, Maffia P, Yarwood SJ. Vascular smooth muscle cells enhance immune/vascular interplay in a 3-cell model of vascular inflammation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15889. [PMID: 37741880 PMCID: PMC10517978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a serious cardiovascular disease that is characterised by the development of atheroma, which are lipid-laden plaques that build up within arterial walls due to chronic inflammatory processes. These lesions are fundamentally attributed to a complex cellular crosstalk between vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and central immune cells, such as macrophages (Mɸs), which promote vascular inflammation. The presence of VSMCs exerts both positive and negative effects during atheroma development, which can be attributed to their phenotypic plasticity. Understanding the interactions between these key cell types during the development of vascular inflammation and atheroma will enhance the scope for new therapeutic interventions. This study aims to determine the importance of VSMCs for shaping the extracellular cytokine/chemokine profile and transcriptional responses of VECs (human coronary artery endothelial cells; HCAECs) to activated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP1 Mɸs, in a 3-cell model of human vascular inflammation. It is evident that within the presence of VSMCs, enhanced cytokine production was associated with up-regulation of genes associated with vascular inflammation t. Results demonstrate that the presence of VSMCs in co-culture experiments enhanced cytokine production (including CXCL1/GROα, IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2/MCP1) and inflammatory gene expression (including genes involved in JAK/STAT, Jun and NFκB signalling) in HCAECs co-cultured with LPS-stimulated THP1 Mɸs. Our results highlight the importance of VSMCs in immune/endothelial cell interplay and indicate that 3-cell, rather than 2-cell co-culture, may be more appropriate for the study of cellular crosstalk between immune and vascular compartments in response to inflammatory and atherogenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Wiejak
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Fiona A Murphy
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Stephen J Yarwood
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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Imig JD. Bioactive lipids in hypertension. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 97:1-35. [PMID: 37236756 PMCID: PMC10918458 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major healthcare issue that afflicts one in every three adults worldwide and contributes to cardiovascular diseases, morbidity and mortality. Bioactive lipids contribute importantly to blood pressure regulation via actions on the vasculature, kidney, and inflammation. Vascular actions of bioactive lipids include blood pressure lowering vasodilation and blood pressure elevating vasoconstriction. Increased renin release by bioactive lipids in the kidney is pro-hypertensive whereas anti-hypertensive bioactive lipid actions result in increased sodium excretion. Bioactive lipids have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory actions that increase or decrease reactive oxygen species and impact vascular and kidney function in hypertension. Human studies provide evidence that fatty acid metabolism and bioactive lipids contribute to sodium and blood pressure regulation in hypertension. Genetic changes identified in humans that impact arachidonic acid metabolism have been associated with hypertension. Arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 metabolites have pro-hypertensive and anti-hypertensive actions. Omega-3 fish oil fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are known to be anti-hypertensive and cardiovascular protective. Lastly, emerging fatty acid research areas include blood pressure regulation by isolevuglandins, nitrated fatty acids, and short chain fatty acids. Taken together, bioactive lipids are key contributors to blood pressure regulation and hypertension and their manipulation could decrease cardiovascular disease and associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Imig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
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5
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Jelinic M, Jackson KL, O'Sullivan K, Singh J, Giddy T, Deo M, Parry LJ, Ritchie RH, Woodman OL, Head GA, Leo CH, Qin CX. Endothelium-dependent relaxation is impaired in Schlager hypertensive (BPH/2J) mice by region-specific mechanisms in conductance and resistance arteries. Life Sci 2023; 320:121542. [PMID: 36871935 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are hallmarks of hypertension, and major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. BPH/2J (Schlager) mice are a genetic model of spontaneous hypertension, but little is known about the vascular pathophysiology of these mice and the region-specific differences between vascular beds. Therefore, this study compared the vascular function and structure of large conductance (aorta and femoral) and resistance (mesenteric) arteries of BPH/2J mice with their normotensive BPN/2J counterparts. MAIN METHODS Blood pressure was measured in BPH/2J and BPN/3J mice via pre-implanted radiotelemetry probes. At endpoint, vascular function and passive mechanical wall properties were assessed using wire and pressure myography, qPCR and histology. KEY FINDINGS Mean arterial blood pressure was elevated in BPH/2J mice compared to BPN/3J controls. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was attenuated in both the aorta and mesenteric arteries of BPH/2J mice, but through different mechanisms. In the aorta, hypertension reduced the contribution of prostanoids. Conversely, in the mesenteric arteries, hypertension reduced the contribution of both nitric oxide and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. Hypertension reduced volume compliance in both femoral and mesenteric arteries, but hypertrophic inward remodelling was only observed in the mesenteric arteries of BPH/2J mice. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first comprehensive investigation of vascular function and structural remodelling in BPH/2J mice. Overall, hypertensive BPH/2J mice exhibited endothelial dysfunction and adverse vascular remodelling in the macro- and microvasculature, underpinned by distinct region-specific mechanisms. This highlights BPH/2J mice as a highly suitable model for evaluating novel therapeutics to treat hypertension-associated vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jelinic
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristy L Jackson
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly O'Sullivan
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaideep Singh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Giddy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J Parry
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Owen L Woodman
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chen Huei Leo
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Science, Math and Technology, Singapore University of Technology & Design, Singapore.
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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6
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Zhu Y, Wang S, Chu Y, Zhang K, Wen X, Feng L, Yu F, Ma X. TRPC5 is essential in endothelium-dependent contraction of aorta from diet-induced obese mice. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:429-436. [PMID: 38933403 PMCID: PMC11197789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the Ca2+-permeable ion channel TRPC5 in regulating vasocontraction in obesity is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether TRPC5 contributes to vascular dysfunction in obesity by promoting endothelium-dependent contraction via activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in the aortic endothelial cells of obese mice. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation and contraction in the aorta were measured using wire myography. PLA2 activity was measured by the fluorogenic PLA2 substrate Bis-BODIPY™ FL C11-PC. The intracellular Ca2+ level in response to acetylcholine was measured by Fluo-4 fluorescence. Endothelium-derived contracting factors were assessed by enzyme immunoassay. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) attenuated endothelium-dependent vasodilation, enhanced endothelium-dependent contraction (EDC), and increased the expression of TRPC5 in the mouse aorta. Activation of TRPC5 promoted EDC in the wild-type mouse aorta, whereas pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockout of TRPC5 decreased EDC in the DIO mouse aorta. Moreover, cPLA2 phosphorylation and activity were higher in aortic endothelial cells from DIO mice, and this was attenuated by inhibition and knockout of TRPC5. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression was increased in DIO mouse endothelium and was decreased by a TRPC5 inhibitor and knockout of TRPC5. Release of prostaglandins F2α (PGF2α) and E2 (PGE2) was involved in TRPC5-regulated EDC in DIO mice. This study demonstrated that TRPC5 contributes to endothelial and vascular dysfunction and is involved in EDC through activation of cPLA2 and enhanced COX-2-PGF2α/PGE2 levels in DIO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuan Chu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Ka Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
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7
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Wang L, Cheng CK, Yi M, Lui KO, Huang Y. Targeting endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 168:58-67. [PMID: 35460762 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelium maintains vascular homeostasis through liberating a spectrum of vasoactive molecules, both protective and harmful regulators of vascular tone, structural remodeling, inflammation and atherogenesis. An intricate balance between endothelium-derived relaxing factors (nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) and endothelium-derived contracting factors (superoxide anion, endothelin-1 and constrictive prostaglandins) tightly regulates vascular function. Disruption of such balance signifies endothelial dysfunction, a critical contributor in aging and chronic cardiometabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic vascular diseases. Among many proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms causing endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation are often the pivotal players and they are naturally considered as useful targets for intervention in patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this article, we provide a recent update on the therapeutic values of pharmacological agents, such as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors, bone morphogenic protein 4 inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ agonists, and glucagon-like peptide 1-elevating drugs, and the physiological factors, particularly hemodynamic forces, that improve endothelial function by targeting endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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8
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Menter DG, Afshar-Kharghan V, Shen JP, Martch SL, Maitra A, Kopetz S, Honn KV, Sood AK. Of vascular defense, hemostasis, cancer, and platelet biology: an evolutionary perspective. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:147-172. [PMID: 35022962 PMCID: PMC8754476 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have established considerable expertise in studying the role of platelets in cancer biology. From this expertise, we were keen to recognize the numerous venous-, arterial-, microvascular-, and macrovascular thrombotic events and immunologic disorders are caused by severe, acute-respiratory-syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. With this offering, we explore the evolutionary connections that place platelets at the center of hemostasis, immunity, and adaptive phylogeny. Coevolutionary changes have also occurred in vertebrate viruses and their vertebrate hosts that reflect their respective evolutionary interactions. As mammals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial life and the heavy blood loss associated with placentalization-based live birth, platelets evolved phylogenetically from thrombocytes toward higher megakaryocyte-blebbing-based production rates and the lack of nuclei. With no nuclei and robust RNA synthesis, this adaptation may have influenced viral replication to become less efficient after virus particles are engulfed. Human platelets express numerous receptors that bind viral particles, which developed from archetypal origins to initiate aggregation and exocytic-release of thrombo-, immuno-, angiogenic-, growth-, and repair-stimulatory granule contents. Whether by direct, evolutionary, selective pressure, or not, these responses may help to contain virus spread, attract immune cells for eradication, and stimulate angiogenesis, growth, and wound repair after viral damage. Because mammalian and marsupial platelets became smaller and more plate-like their biophysical properties improved in function, which facilitated distribution near vessel walls in fluid-shear fields. This adaptation increased the probability that platelets could then interact with and engulf shedding virus particles. Platelets also generate circulating microvesicles that increase membrane surface-area encounters and mark viral targets. In order to match virus-production rates, billions of platelets are generated and turned over per day to continually provide active defenses and adaptation to suppress the spectrum of evolving threats like SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John Paul Shen
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie L Martch
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Department of Pathology, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave. 430 Chemistry, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 431 Chemistry Bldg, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Cancer Biology Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 431 Chemistry Bldg, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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9
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Pérez LA, Leyton L, Valdivia A. Thy-1 (CD90), Integrins and Syndecan 4 are Key Regulators of Skin Wound Healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:810474. [PMID: 35186924 PMCID: PMC8851320 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.810474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute skin wound healing is a multistage process consisting of a plethora of tightly regulated signaling events in specialized cells. The Thy-1 (CD90) glycoprotein interacts with integrins and the heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan 4, generating a trimolecular complex that triggers bi-directional signaling to regulate diverse aspects of the wound healing process. These proteins can act either as ligands or receptors, and they are critical for the successful progression of wound healing. The expression of Thy-1, integrins, and syndecan 4 is controlled during the healing process, and the lack of expression of any of these proteins results in delayed wound healing. Here, we review and discuss the roles and regulatory events along the stages of wound healing that support the relevance of Thy-1, integrins, and syndecan 4 as crucial regulators of skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A. Pérez
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Lisette Leyton, ; Alejandra Valdivia,
| | - Alejandra Valdivia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lisette Leyton, ; Alejandra Valdivia,
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10
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Shihan M, Novoyatleva T, Lehmeyer T, Sydykov A, Schermuly RT. Role of the Purinergic P2Y2 Receptor in Pulmonary Hypertension. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111009. [PMID: 34769531 PMCID: PMC8582672 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH), is a fatal disease that is characterized by vasoconstriction, increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, and right heart failure. PAH can be described by abnormal vascular remodeling, hyperproliferation in the vasculature, endothelial cell dysfunction, and vascular tone dysregulation. The disease pathomechanisms, however, are as yet not fully understood at the molecular level. Purinergic receptors P2Y within the G-protein-coupled receptor family play a major role in fluid shear stress transduction, proliferation, migration, and vascular tone regulation in systemic circulation, but less is known about their contribution in PAH. Hence, studies that focus on purinergic signaling are of great importance for the identification of new therapeutic targets in PAH. Interestingly, the role of P2Y2 receptors has not yet been sufficiently studied in PAH, whereas the relevance of other P2Ys as drug targets for PAH was shown using specific agonists or antagonists. In this review, we will shed light on P2Y receptors and focus more on the P2Y2 receptor as a potential novel player in PAH and as a new therapeutic target for disease management.
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11
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Matsumoto T, Takayanagi K, Katome T, Kojima M, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Extracellular Uridine Nucleotides-Induced Contractions Were Increased in Femoral Arteries of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Pharmacology 2021; 106:435-445. [PMID: 34139711 DOI: 10.1159/000516893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Femoral arterial dysfunction including abnormal vascular responsiveness to endogenous ligands was often seen in arterial hypertension. Extracellular nucleotides including uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP) and uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) play important roles for homeostasis in the vascular system including controlling the vascular tone. However, responsiveness to UDP and UTP in femoral arteries under arterial hypertension remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate if hypertension has an effect of vasoconstrictive responsiveness to UDP and UTP in femoral arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) after 7 and 12 months old. METHODS Organ baths were conducted to determine vascular reactivity in isolated femoral arterial rings. RESULTS In femoral arteries obtained from 12-month-old rats, augmented contractile responses to UDP and UTP were seen in femoral arteries of SHR than in those of WKY under situations not only intact but also nitric oxide synthase inhibition, whereas no difference of extracellular potassium-induced vasocontraction was seen in both SHR and WKY groups. Similar contraction trends occurred in femoral arteries obtained from 7-month-old rats. Moreover, contractions induced by UDP and UTP were increased in endothelium-denuded arteries. Cyclooxygenase inhibition decreased the contractions induced by these nucleotides and abolished the differences in responses between the SHR and WKY groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the importance of regulation of extracellular uridine nucleotides-induced contractions in hypertension-associated peripheral arterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Morphology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takayanagi
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Morphology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Katome
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Morphology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mihoka Kojima
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Morphology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Morphology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Morphology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Zhao S, Cheng CK, Zhang CL, Huang Y. Interplay Between Oxidative Stress, Cyclooxygenases, and Prostanoids in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:784-799. [PMID: 32323554 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessels play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular functions through releasing both vasoconstricting and vasodilating factors. The production and function of vasoconstricting factors are largely elevated in hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injuries. Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are the major enzymes producing five different prostanoids that act as either contracting or relaxing substances. Under conditions of increased oxidative stress, the expressions and activities of COX isoforms are altered, resulting in changes in production of various prostanoids and thus affecting vascular tone. This review briefly summarizes the relationship between oxidative stress, COXs, and prostanoids, thereby providing new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent Advances: Many new drugs targeting oxidative stress, COX-2, and prostanoids against common CVDs have been evaluated in recent years and they are summarized in this review. Critical Issues: Comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between oxidative stress, COXs, and prostanoids in CVDs helps develop more effective measures against cardiovascular pathogenesis. Future Directions: Apart from minimizing the undesired effects of harmful prostanoids, future studies shall investigate the restoration of vasoprotective prostanoids as a means to combat CVDs. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 784-799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhao
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Figueroa EG, Gonzaléz-Candia A, Villanueva CA, Ebensperger G, Reyes RV, Llanos AJ, Herrera EA. Beneficial effects of melatonin on prostanoids pathways in pulmonary hypertensive neonates. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 138:106853. [PMID: 33766627 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension of the newborn (PAHN) is a syndrome caused by chronic hypoxia, characterized by decreased vasodilator function, a marked vasoconstrictor activity, proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and thickening of the extracellular matrix in the pulmonary circulation, among other characteristics. Prostaglandins are derived from the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and are important regulators of pulmonary vascular tone. Since hypoxia induces oxidative stress and has been related to PAHN, a postnatal treatment with melatonin has been proposed due to its antioxidant properties. Here, we determined the effects of melatonin on pulmonary vascular homeostasis given by prostanoids. Ten PAHN newborn lambs were divided in two groups and treated either with vehicle or melatonin. After 1 week of treatment, we assessed pulmonary vascular prostanoids function and expression by wire myography, RT-PCR, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. Melatonin improved in vivo and ex vivo pulmonary vasodilation. This was associated with an increased function and expression of vasodilator prostanoids at the expense of vasoconstrictor prostanoids. Our study demonstrates for the first time that melatonin may enhance the vasodilator prostanoid pathway in PAHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban G Figueroa
- Laboratory of Vascular Function & Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Alejandro Gonzaléz-Candia
- Laboratory of Vascular Function & Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Institute of Health Sciences, University of O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Cristian A Villanueva
- Laboratory of Vascular Function & Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Germán Ebensperger
- Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Roberto V Reyes
- Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Aníbal J Llanos
- Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Laboratory of Vascular Function & Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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14
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Eicosanoid blood vessel regulation in physiological and pathological states. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2707-2727. [PMID: 33095237 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid can be metabolized in blood vessels by three primary enzymatic pathways; cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LO), and cytochrome P450 (CYP). These eicosanoid metabolites can influence endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell function. COX metabolites can cause endothelium-dependent dilation or constriction. Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and thromboxane (TXA2) act on their respective receptors exerting opposing actions with regard to vascular tone and platelet aggregation. LO metabolites also influence vascular tone. The 12-LO metabolite 12S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (12S-HETE) is a vasoconstrictor whereas the 15-LO metabolite 11,12,15-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12,15-THETA) is an endothelial-dependent hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). CYP enzymes produce two types of eicosanoid products: EDHF vasodilator epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and the vasoconstrictor 20-HETE. The less-studied cross-metabolites generated from arachidonic acid metabolism by multiple pathways can also impact vascular function. Likewise, COX, LO, and CYP vascular eicosanoids interact with paracrine and hormonal factors such as the renin-angiotensin system and endothelin-1 (ET-1) to maintain vascular homeostasis. Imbalances in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell COX, LO, and CYP metabolites in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases result in vascular dysfunction. Restoring the vascular balance of eicosanoids by genetic or pharmacological means can improve vascular function in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, future research is necessary to achieve a more complete understanding of how COX, LO, CYP, and cross-metabolites regulate vascular function in physiological and pathological states.
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15
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Payen C, Guillot A, Paillat L, Fothi A, Dib A, Bourreau J, Schmitt F, Loufrani L, Aranyi T, Henrion D, Munier M, Fassot C. Pathophysiological adaptations of resistance arteries in rat offspring exposed in utero to maternal obesity is associated with sex-specific epigenetic alterations. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1074-1085. [PMID: 33637953 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Maternal obesity impacts vascular functions linked to metabolic disorders in offspring, leading to cardiovascular diseases during adulthood. Even if the relation between prenatal conditioning of cardiovascular diseases by maternal obesity and vascular function begins to be documented, little is known about resistance arteries. They are of particular interest because of their specific role in the regulation of local blood flow. Then our study aims to determine if maternal obesity can directly program fetal vascular dysfunction of resistance arteries, independently of metabolic disorders. METHODS With a model of rats exposed in utero to mild maternal diet-induced obesity (OMO), we investigated third-order mesenteric arteries of 4-month old rats in absence of metabolic disorders. The methylation profile of these vessels was determined by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). Vascular structure and reactivity were investigated using histomorphometry analysis and wire-myography. The metabolic function was evaluated by insulin and glucose tolerance tests, plasma lipid profile, and adipose tissue analysis. RESULTS At 4 months of age, small mesenteric arteries of OMO presented specific epigenetic modulations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), collagens, and potassium channels genes in association with an outward remodeling and perturbations in the endothelium-dependent vasodilation pathways (greater contribution of EDHFs pathway in OMO males compared to control rats, and greater implication of PGI2 in OMO females compared to control rats). These vascular modifications were detected in absence of metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports a specific methylation profile of resistance arteries associated with vascular remodeling and vasodilation balance perturbations in offspring exposed in utero to maternal obesity, in absence of metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Payen
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Abigaëlle Guillot
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Lily Paillat
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Abel Fothi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Abdallah Dib
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jennifer Bourreau
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Françoise Schmitt
- UPRES EA 3859, HIFIH laboratory, Angers, France.,University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Laurent Loufrani
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Tamas Aranyi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Henrion
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France.,University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France.,CARFI (Cardiovascular Function In Vitro) Facility, Angers, France
| | - Mathilde Munier
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France.,University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France.,Reference Center for Rare Disease of Thyroid and Hormone Receptors, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Céline Fassot
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Mitovasc Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France.
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16
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Vitamin D Deficiency Cause Gender Specific Alterations of Renal Arterial Function in a Rodent Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020704. [PMID: 33671779 PMCID: PMC7926839 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency shows positive correlation to cardiovascular risk, which might be influenced by gender specific features. Our goal was to examine the effect of Vitamin D supplementation and Vitamin D deficiency in male and female rats on an important hypertension target organ, the renal artery. Female and male Wistar rats were fed with Vitamin D reduced chow for eight weeks to induce hypovitaminosis. Another group of animals received normal chow with further supplementation to reach optimal serum vitamin levels. Isolated renal arteries of Vitamin D deficient female rats showed increased phenylephrine-induced contraction. In all experimental groups, both indomethacin and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition (NS398) decreased the phenylephrine-induced contraction. Angiotensin II-induced contraction was pronounced in Vitamin D supplemented males. In both Vitamin D deficient groups, acetylcholine-induced relaxation was impaired. In the female Vitamin D supplemented group NS398, in males the indomethacin caused reduced acetylcholine-induced relaxation. Increased elastic fiber density was observed in Vitamin D deficient females. The intensity of eNOS immunostaining was decreased in Vitamin D deficient females. The density of AT1R staining was the highest in the male Vitamin D deficient group. Although Vitamin D deficiency induced renal vascular dysfunction in both sexes, female rats developed more extensive impairment that was accompanied by enzymatic and structural changes.
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17
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Paulo M, Costa DEFR, Bonaventura D, Lunardi CN, Bendhack LM. Nitric Oxide Donors as Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Vascular Diseases Due to Endothelium Dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3748-3759. [PMID: 32427079 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200519114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and consequent vasoconstriction are a common condition in patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial cells produce and release vasodilator substances that play a pivotal role in normal vascular tone. The mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction are multifactorial. However, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and consequent vasoconstriction instead of endothelium-derived relaxant generation and consequent vasodilatation contribute to this dysfunction considerably. The main targets of the drugs that are currently used to treat vascular diseases concerning enzyme activities and protein functions that are impaired by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and ROS production. Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability can decrease due to deficient NO production by eNOS and/or NO release to vascular smooth muscle cells, which impairs endothelial function. Considering the NO cellular mechanisms, tackling the issue of eNOS uncoupling could avoid endothelial dysfunction: provision of the enzyme cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) should elicit NO release from NO donors, to activate soluble guanylyl cyclase. This should increase cyclic guanosine-monophosphate (cGMP) generation and inhibit phosphodiesterases (especially PDE5) that selectively degrade cGMP. Consequently, protein kinase-G should be activated, and K+ channels should be phosphorylated and activated, which is crucial for cell membrane hyperpolarization and vasodilation and/or inhibition of ROS production. The present review summarizes the current concepts about the vascular cellular mechanisms that underlie endothelial dysfunction and which could be the target of drugs for the treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Paulo
- Department Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto- University of Sao Paulo Av. Do Cafe SN, Brazil
| | - Daniela E F R Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniella Bonaventura
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Claure N Lunardi
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Nanobiotechnology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lusiane M Bendhack
- Department Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto- University of Sao Paulo Av. Do Cafe SN, Brazil
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18
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Shi Y, Leung SWS. Long-term nitric oxide synthase inhibition prevents 17β-estradiol-induced suppression of cyclooxygenase-dependent contractions and enhancement of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization-like relaxation in mesenteric arteries of ovariectomized rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173275. [PMID: 32535100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with a reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, the effects of 17β-estradiol supplement on endothelial function were examined in ovariectomized (OVX) rats following long-term inhibition of NO synthases with L-NAME. Female Sprague Dawley rats were ovariectomized at 12 weeks old. They were supplemented with 17β-estradiol (25 μg/kg/day, intramuscularly) or its vehicle (olive oil) until they were killed. At 18 weeks old, they were administered daily with NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (60 mg/kg, by gavage) or its vehicle (distilled water) for 6 weeks. Rats were then anesthetized for blood pressure measurement and for isolation of mesenteric arteries and aortae for isometric tension measurement. Long-term L-NAME-treatment, without or with 17β-estradiol supplement, resulted in reduced plasma nitrite/nitrate level without causing an increase in blood pressure in OVX rats. Acute inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) with indomethacin improved relaxations of mesenteric arteries to the calcium ionophore A23187 in OVX rats, and in those with long-term L-NAME-treatment without or with 17β-estradiol supplement, but not in those with female hormone supplement only. 17β-estradiol supplement or long-term L-NAME-treatment resulted in a greater endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization-like relaxation in mesenteric arteries. In the quiescent aorta, 17β-estradiol supplement or long-term L-NAME-treatment unmasked the COX-dependent components of A23187-induced contractions, but prevented that of the smooth muscle contractions to U46619 in OVX rats. In summary, long-term 17β-estradiol-supplement results in differential effects in different blood vessel types, and its beneficial vascular effects are masked under the conditions with NO synthase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Susan Wai Sum Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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19
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Chen M, Xiang L, Wu G, Liao Y, Cai Y. Puerarin Inhibits Endothelium-Dependent Contractions in Mouse Carotid Arteries. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923163. [PMID: 32555127 PMCID: PMC7325555 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many bioactive ingredients of medicinal plants are known to produce vaso-protective benefits. Puerarin is one of the major isoflavone glucosides found in the root of kudzu vine and it exerts an anti-inflammatory effect and many other pharmacological actions. However, the mechanism underlying the vascular effect of puerarin is incompletely understood. Therefore, the present study aims to examine how puerarin reduces endothelium-dependent contractions (EDCs) in mouse arteries. Material/Methods EDCs were evoked by acetylcholine (ACh) in isolated mouse carotid arteries with intact endothelium pretreated with Nω-NO2-L-Arg-OMe (L-NAME). The arteries were pretreated with puerarin and other pharmacological inhibitors before the addition of cumulative concentrations of ACh. The concentration of several prostaglandins (PGs) was measured by high performance liquid chromatography-coupled spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Results EDCs induced by ACh only presented in endothelium-intact arteries pretreated by L-NAME and EDCs were prevented by the treatment with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin (3 μmol/L) or thromboxane prostanoid receptor (TP receptor) antagonist S18886 (30 nmol/L). Acute 40-minute treatment with puerarin reduced EDCs in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting U46619-induced contraction. However, treatment with puerarin did not inhibit ACh-induced production of prostaglandins (PGs) in endothelium-intact arteries. Conclusions The present results show that puerarin is able to suppress EDCs in mouse carotid arteries, independent of inhibition of TP receptor or COX2-derived PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Li Xiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Guangliang Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yingdi Liao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yefeng Cai
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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20
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Eicosanoids and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060520. [PMID: 32545552 PMCID: PMC7346161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor to cause the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) because the retina has high vascularization and long-time light exposition. Cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can convert arachidonic acid (AA) into eicosanoids, which are important lipid mediators to regulate DR development. COX-derived metabolites appear to be significant factors causative to oxidative stress and retinal microvascular dysfunction. Several elegant studies have unraveled the importance of LOX-derived eicosanoids, including LTs and HETEs, to oxidative stress and retinal microvascular dysfunction. The role of CYP eicosanoids in DR is yet to be explored. There is clear evidence that CYP-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have detrimental effects on the retina. Our recent study showed that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation augments retinal soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), a crucial enzyme degrading EETs. Our findings suggest that EETs blockade can enhance the ability of RAS blockade to prevent or mitigate microvascular damage in DR. This review will focus on the critical information related the function of these eicosanoids in the retina, the interaction between eicosanoids and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the involvement of eicosanoids in DR. We also identify potential targets for the treatment of DR.
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21
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Villalpando DM, Gómez Rivas J, Flynn D, R de Bethencourt F, Ferrer M. Gonadal function protects against organ culture-induced vascular damage. Involvement of prostanoids. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 148:106406. [PMID: 31945460 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation induces vascular dysfunction in which altered release and action of prostanoids has been extensively studied. On the other hand, the vascular organ-culture system has been reported as a valid model for phenotypic changes that occur in several cardiovascular pathologies. Since there are no studies analyzing the impact of androgenic loss on vascular vulnerability during induced vascular damage, the objective of this study was to analyze the possible preventive role of male sex hormones on the organ culture-induced vascular damage in rat aorta. The link to possible changes in gross structure was also analyzed. For this purpose, fresh and 20 h-cultured aortic arterial segments from intact and orchidectomized rats were used to analyze: (i) the release and vasomotor effect of the thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2α and PGI2; (ii) the vasodilator response induced by acetylcholine (ACh) as well as the involvement of prostanoids, in particular TXA2, in the ACh-induced response; (iii) the effect of activation of thromboxane/prostaglandin (TP) receptors on the ACh-induced response; and (iv) the vascular structure. The results showed that organ culture: i) increased production of prostanoids; ii) increased prostanoids-induced vasomotor responses; iii) decreased ACh-induced relaxation after incubation with indomethacin, a blocker of cyclooxygenases; iv) increased the ACh-induced relaxation after incubation with the TXA2 synthase inhibitor, furegrelate, more in arteries from orchidectomized rats than in those of intact rats; v) diminished ACh-induced relaxation after U-46619 incubation only in arteries from orchidectomized rats; and vi) preserved the integrity of the different vascular layers. These results showed the protective role of male sex hormones against the induced vascular damage, since a decreased deleterious effect of prostanoids, in particular that of TXA2, was observed in arteries from rats with intact gonadal function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Gómez Rivas
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Flynn
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, UAM, Spain
| | - Fermín R de Bethencourt
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ferrer
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, UAM, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Gonzaléz-Candia A, Candia AA, Figueroa EG, Feixes E, Gonzalez-Candia C, Aguilar SA, Ebensperger G, Reyes RV, Llanos AJ, Herrera EA. Melatonin long-lasting beneficial effects on pulmonary vascular reactivity and redox balance in chronic hypoxic ovine neonates. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12613. [PMID: 31583753 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension of the neonate (PAHN) is a pathophysiological condition characterized by maladaptive pulmonary vascular remodeling and abnormal contractile reactivity. This is a multifactorial syndrome with chronic hypoxia and oxidative stress as main etiological drivers, and with limited effectiveness in therapeutic approaches. Melatonin is a neurohormone with antioxidant and vasodilator properties at the pulmonary level. Therefore, this study aims to test whether a postnatal treatment with melatonin during the neonatal period improves in a long-lasting manner the clinical condition of PAHN. Ten newborn lambs gestated and born at 3600 m were used in this study, five received vehicle and five received melatonin in daily doses of 1 mg kg-1 for the first 3 weeks of life. After 1 week of treatment completion, lung tissue and small pulmonary arteries (SPA) were collected for wire myography, molecular biology, and morphostructural analyses. Melatonin decreased pulmonary arterial pressure the first 4 days of treatment. At 1 month old, melatonin decreased the contractile response to the vasoconstrictors K+ , TX2 , and ET-1. Further, melatonin increased the endothelium-dependent and muscle-dependent vasodilation of SPA. Finally, the treatment decreased pulmonary oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant enzymes and diminishing pro-oxidant sources. In conclusion, melatonin improved vascular reactivity and oxidative stress at the pulmonary level in PAHN lambs gestated and born in chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gonzaléz-Candia
- Pathophysiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro A Candia
- Pathophysiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department for the Woman and Newborn Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban G Figueroa
- Pathophysiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elisenda Feixes
- Pathophysiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristopher Gonzalez-Candia
- Pathophysiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simón A Aguilar
- Pathophysiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Germán Ebensperger
- Pathophysiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto V Reyes
- Pathophysiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aníbal J Llanos
- Pathophysiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Pathophysiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Lagier D, Tonon D, Garrigue P, Guillet B, Giacomino L, Martin JC, Alessi MC, Bruder N, Velly LJ. Thromboxane-prostaglandin receptor antagonist, terutroban, prevents neurovascular events after subarachnoid haemorrhage: a nanoSPECT study in rats. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2019; 23:42. [PMID: 30744667 PMCID: PMC6371436 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Several lipid metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid are correlated with poor outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Most of these metabolites bind to ubiquitous thromboxane–prostaglandin (TP) receptors, causing vasoconstriction and inflammation. Here, we evaluated terutroban (TBN), a specific TP receptor antagonist, for the prevention of post-haemorrhage blood-brain barrier disruption, neuronal apoptosis and delayed cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods The rat double subarachnoid haemorrhage model was produced by twice injecting (days 1 and 2) autologous blood into the cisterna magna. Seventy-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to experimental groups. Rats exposed to subarachnoid haemorrhage were allocated to no treatment (SAH group) or TBN treatment by gastric gavage during the first 5 days after haemorrhage (SAH+TBN group). Control rats received artificial cerebrospinal fluid injections (CSF group). Sham-operated rats with or without TBN administration were also studied. Body weight and Garcia neurological scores were assessed on day 2 and day 5. We used nanoscale single-photon emission computed tomography (nanoSPECT) to measure brain uptake of three radiolabelled agents: 99mTechnetium-diethylenetriaminepentacetate (99mTc-DTPA), which indicated blood-brain barrier permeability on day 3, 99mTechnetium-annexin V-128 (99mTc-Anx-V128), which indicated apoptosis on day 4, and 99mTechnetium-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (99mTc-HMPAO), which indicated cerebral perfusion on day 5. Basilar artery narrowing was verified histologically, and cerebral TP receptor agonists were quantified. Results 99mTc-DTPA uptake unveiled blood-brain barrier disruption in the SAH group. TBN mitigated this disruption in the brainstem area. 99mTc-Anx-V128 uptake was increased in the SAH group and TBN diminished this effect in the cerebellum. 99mTc-HMPAO uptake revealed a global decreased perfusion on day 5 in the SAH group that was significantly counteracted by TBN. TBN also mitigated basilar artery vasoconstriction, neurological deficits (on day 2), body weight loss (on day 5) and cerebral production of vasoconstrictors such as Thromboxane B2 and Prostaglandin F2α. Conclusions Based on in vivo nanoscale imaging, we demonstrated that TBN protected against blood-brain barrier disruption, exerted an anti-apoptotic effect and improved cerebral perfusion. Thus, TP receptor antagonists showed promising results in treating post-haemorrhage neurovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lagier
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Timone, Marseille, France. .,C2VN Inserm 1263, Inra 1260, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - David Tonon
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Timone, Marseille, France.,C2VN Inserm 1263, Inra 1260, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Garrigue
- CERIMED (European Center for Research in Medical Imaging), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- CERIMED (European Center for Research in Medical Imaging), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laura Giacomino
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, INT (Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone), University Hospital Timone, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Bruder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel J Velly
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, INT (Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone), University Hospital Timone, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
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Liang C, Zhang Y, Zhuo D, Lo CY, Yu L, Lau CW, Kwan YW, Tse G, Huang Y, Yao X. Endothelial cell transient receptor potential channel C5 (TRPC5) is essential for endothelium-dependent contraction in mouse carotid arteries. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 159:11-24. [PMID: 30414390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Augmented endothelium-dependent contractions (EDC) contributes to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease progression. An early signal in EDC is cytosolic [Ca2+]i rise in endothelial cells, which stimulates the production of contractile prostanoids, leading to vascular contraction. In this study, the molecular identity of Ca2+-permeable channels in endothelial cells and its function were investigated. Vascular tension was measured by wire myograph. EDCs were elicited by acetylcholine (ACH) in the presence of NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). [Ca2+]i was measured using a Ca2+-sensitive fluorescence dye. Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) was used for prostaglandin measurement. Immunohistochemical staining found the expression of transient receptor potential channel C5 (TRPC5) in endothelial and smooth muscle cells of mouse carotid arteries. ACH-induced EDC in male mouse carotid arteries was found to be substantially reduced in TRPC5 knockout (KO) mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. TRPC5 inhibitors clemizole and ML204 also reduced the EDC. Furthermore, ACH-induced Ca2+ entry in endothelial cells was lower in TRPC5 KO mice than in WT mice. Moreover, the EDC was abolished by a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor NS-398, but not affected by a COX-1 inhibitor valeryl salicylate (VAS). Enzyme immunoassay results showed that TRPC5 stimulated the COX-2-linked production of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). Exogeneous PGF2α, PGE2, and PGD2 could induce contractions in carotid arteries. Our present study demonstrated that TRPC5 in endothelial cells contributes to EDC by stimulating the production of COX-2-linked prostanoids. The finding extends our knowledge about EDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Duan Zhuo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun-Yin Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Libo Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chi-Wai Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiu-Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary Tse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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Rieg AD, Suleiman S, Anker C, Verjans E, Rossaint R, Uhlig S, Martin C. PDGF-BB regulates the pulmonary vascular tone: impact of prostaglandins, calcium, MAPK- and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling and actin polymerisation in pulmonary veins of guinea pigs. Respir Res 2018; 19:120. [PMID: 29921306 PMCID: PMC6009037 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and its receptor PDGFR are highly expressed in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and mediate proliferation. Recently, we showed that PDGF-BB contracts pulmonary veins (PVs) and that this contraction is prevented by inhibition of PDGFR-β (imatinib/SU6668). Here, we studied PDGF-BB-induced contraction and downstream-signalling in isolated perfused lungs (IPL) and precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) of guinea pigs (GPs). Methods In IPLs, PDGF-BB was perfused after or without pre-treatment with imatinib (perfused/nebulised), the effects on the pulmonary arterial pressure (PPA), the left atrial pressure (PLA) and the capillary pressure (Pcap) were studied and the precapillary (Rpre) and postcapillary resistance (Rpost) were calculated. Perfusate samples were analysed (ELISA) to detect the PDGF-BB-induced release of prostaglandin metabolites (TXA2/PGI2). In PCLS, the contractile effect of PDGF-BB was evaluated in pulmonary arteries (PAs) and PVs. In PVs, PDGF-BB-induced contraction was studied after inhibition of PDGFR-α/β, L-Type Ca2+-channels, ROCK/PKC, prostaglandin receptors, MAP2K, p38-MAPK, PI3K-α/γ, AKT/PKB, actin polymerisation, adenyl cyclase and NO. Changes of the vascular tone were measured by videomicroscopy. In PVs, intracellular cAMP was measured by ELISA. Results In IPLs, PDGF-BB increased PPA, Pcap and Rpost. In contrast, PDGF-BB had no effect if lungs were pre-treated with imatinib (perfused/nebulised). In PCLS, PDGF-BB significantly contracted PVs/PAs which was blocked by the PDGFR-β antagonist SU6668. In PVs, inhibition of actin polymerisation and inhibition of L-Type Ca2+-channels reduced PDGF-BB-induced contraction, whereas inhibition of ROCK/PKC had no effect. Blocking of EP1/3- and TP-receptors or inhibition of MAP2K-, p38-MAPK-, PI3K-α/γ- and AKT/PKB-signalling prevented PDGF-BB-induced contraction, whereas inhibition of EP4 only slightly reduced it. Accordingly, PDGF-BB increased TXA2 in the perfusate, whereas PGI2 was increased in all groups after 120 min and inhibition of IP-receptors did not enhance PDGF-BB-induced contraction. Moreover, PDGF-BB increased cAMP in PVs and inhibition of adenyl cyclase enhanced PDGF-BB-induced contraction, whereas inhibition of NO-formation only slightly increased it. Conclusions PDGF-BB/PDGFR regulates the pulmonary vascular tone by the generation of prostaglandins, the increase of calcium, the activation of MAPK- or PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling and actin remodelling. More insights in PDGF-BB downstream-signalling may contribute to develop new therapeutics for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette D Rieg
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Said Suleiman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolin Anker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Verjans
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Ando M, Matsumoto T, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Decreased contraction induced by endothelium-derived contracting factor in prolonged treatment of rat renal artery with endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:793-802. [PMID: 29728739 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the regulation of various physiological functions, including those of the vascular system. However, the relationship between ER stress and vascular function is poorly understood. The endothelial cells control the vascular tone by releasing endothelium-derived relaxing factors and contracting factors (EDCFs). We hypothesized that tunicamycin, an inducer of ER stress, modifies endothelium-dependent contraction and prostaglandins (PGs), a major class of EDCFs, induced contractions in the rat renal artery in rats. An organ-culture technique was used to purely investigate the effects of ER stress on the vascular tissue. We observed that tunicamycin treatment (20 μg/mL for 23 ± 1 h) did not affect acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation and decreased EDCF-mediated contractions under nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition induced by ACh, ATP, or A23187 (a calcium ionophore) in the renal arteries. Under NOS inhibition, U46619 (a thromboxane A2 mimetic)- and beraprost (a prostacyclin analog)-induced contractions were also decreased in the renal arteries of the tunicamycin-treated group (vs. vehicle), while PGE2- and PGF2α-induced contractions were similar between the groups. Tunicamycin treatment slightly enhanced the contractions induced by phenylephrine, an α1 adrenoceptor ligand. Isotonic high-K+-induced contractions were similar between the vehicle- and tunicamycin-treated groups. Another ER stress inducer, thapsigargin (4 μmol/L for 23 ± 1 h), also caused substantial reduction of ACh-induced EDCF-mediated contraction (vs. vehicle-treated group). In the cultured renal arteries, tunicamycin and thapsigargin increased the expression of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), an ER stress marker. In conclusion, ER stress induction directly affects renal arterial function, especially in reducing EDCF-mediated contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ando
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhu
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, China (Z.Z., P.G.); and Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China (Y.H.)
| | - Peng Gao
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, China (Z.Z., P.G.); and Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China (Y.H.)
| | - Yu Huang
- From the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, China (Z.Z., P.G.); and Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China (Y.H.)
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28
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Karpińska O, Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kloza M, Kozłowska H. Endocannabinoids modulate G q/11 protein-coupled receptor agonist-induced vasoconstriction via a negative feedback mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 70:214-222. [PMID: 29148061 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The endocannabinoid (eCB) system centrally and peripherally regulates cardiovascular parameters, including blood pressure, in health and disease. The relationship between Gq/11 protein-coupled receptor activation, regulation of eCBs release (mainly 2-arachidonoylglycerol) and subsequent CB1 receptor activation was initially observed in the central nervous system. Here, we review the latest findings from systemic physiological studies which include for the first time data from pulmonary arteries. We present evidence for direct CB1 -dependent cannabinoid ligand-induced vasorelaxation, vascular expression of eCBs along with their degradation enzymes, and indicate the location of the described interaction. KEY FINDINGS Endocannabinoids (mainly 2-arachidonoylglycerol), acting via CB1 receptors, evoke vasodilatory effects and may modulate responses of vasoconstrictors for Gq/11 protein-coupled receptors including angiotensin II, thromboxane A2 , phenylephrine, noradrenaline in systemic or pulmonary arteries. However, the role of the endothelium in this interaction is not well-established, and the precise vascular location of eCB system components remains unclear, which contributes to discrepancies in the interpretation of results when describing the above-mentioned relationship. SUMMARY Endocannabinoid's negative feedback is responsible for diminishing agonist-induced vasoconstriction, which may be clinically important in the treatment of arterial and pulmonary hypertension. Further research is required to establish the importance of the eCB system and its downstream signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Karpińska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Matsumoto T, Kobayashi S, Ando M, Iguchi M, Takayanagi K, Kojima M, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Alteration of Vascular Responsiveness to Uridine Adenosine Tetraphosphate in Aortas Isolated from Male Diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats: The Involvement of Prostanoids. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112378. [PMID: 29120387 PMCID: PMC5713347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether responsiveness to dinucleotide uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4A) was altered in aortas from type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats compared with those from age-matched control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats at the chronic stage of disease. In OLETF aortas, we observed the following: (1) Up4A-induced contractions were lower than those in the LETO aortas under basal conditions, (2) slight relaxation occurred due to Up4A, but this was not observed in phenylephrine-precontracted LETO aortas, (3) acetylcholine-induced relaxation was reduced (vs. LETO), and (4) prostanoid release (prostaglandin (PG)F2α, thromboxane (Tx)A2 metabolite, and PGE2) due to Up4A was decreased (vs. LETO). Endothelial denudation suppressed Up4A-induced contractions in the LETO group, but increased the contractions in the OLETF group. Under nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition, Up4A induced contractions in phenylephrine-precontracted aortas; this effect was greater in the LETO group (vs. the OLETF group). The relaxation response induced by Up4A was unmasked by cyclooxygenase inhibitors, especially in the LETO group, but this effect was abolished by NOS inhibition. These results suggest that the relaxant component of the Up4A-mediated response was masked by prostanoids in the LETO aortas and that the LETO and OLETF rats presented different contributions of the endothelium to the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Shota Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Makoto Ando
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Maika Iguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Takayanagi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Mihoka Kojima
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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30
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García-Tejedor A, Manzanares P, Castelló-Ruiz M, Moscardó A, Marcos JF, Salom JB. Vasoactive properties of antihypertensive lactoferrin-derived peptides in resistance vessels: Effects in small mesenteric arteries from SHR rats. Life Sci 2017; 186:118-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Menter DG, Kopetz S, Hawk E, Sood AK, Loree JM, Gresele P, Honn KV. Platelet "first responders" in wound response, cancer, and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:199-213. [PMID: 28730545 PMCID: PMC5709140 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Platelets serve as "first responders" during normal wounding and homeostasis. Arising from bone marrow stem cell lineage megakaryocytes, anucleate platelets can influence inflammation and immune regulation. Biophysically, platelets are optimized due to size and discoid morphology to distribute near vessel walls, monitor vascular integrity, and initiate quick responses to vascular lesions. Adhesion receptors linked to a highly reactive filopodia-generating cytoskeleton maximizes their vascular surface contact allowing rapid response capabilities. Functionally, platelets normally initiate rapid clotting, vasoconstriction, inflammation, and wound biology that leads to sterilization, tissue repair, and resolution. Platelets also are among the first to sense, phagocytize, decorate, or react to pathogens in the circulation. These platelet first responder properties are commandeered during chronic inflammation, cancer progression, and metastasis. Leaky or inflammatory reaction blood vessel genesis during carcinogenesis provides opportunities for platelet invasion into tumors. Cancer is thought of as a non-healing or chronic wound that can be actively aided by platelet mitogenic properties to stimulate tumor growth. This growth ultimately outstrips circulatory support leads to angiogenesis and intravasation of tumor cells into the blood stream. Circulating tumor cells reengage additional platelets, which facilitates tumor cell adhesion, arrest and extravasation, and metastasis. This process, along with the hypercoagulable states associated with malignancy, is amplified by IL6 production in tumors that stimulate liver thrombopoietin production and elevates circulating platelet numbers by thrombopoiesis in the bone marrow. These complex interactions and the "first responder" role of platelets during diverse physiologic stresses provide a useful therapeutic target that deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Room#: FC10.3004, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard--Unit 0426, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Room#: FC10.3004, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard--Unit 0426, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ernest Hawk
- Office of the Vice President Cancer Prevention & Population Science, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1370, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Gynocologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1362, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1362, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Jonathan M Loree
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Room#: FC10.3004, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard--Unit 0426, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Via E. Dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, 431 Chemistry Bldg, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, 431 Chemistry Bldg, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Cancer Biology Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 431 Chemistry Bldg, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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López RM, López JE, López JS, Castillo MC, Guevara G, Morales JA, López OA, Lozano J, Castillo EF. Effects of indomethacin on prostanoid synthesis and vasomotor responsiveness in endothelium-denuded abdominal and thoracic aortas of Wistar rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:210-219. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1226895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kuang SJ, Qian JS, Yang H, Rao F, Chen XY, Zhang MZ, Shan ZX, Lin QX, Xue YM, Wu SL, Jiang L, Chen CB, Deng CY. The enhancement of TXA 2 receptors-mediated contractile response in intrarenal artery dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 805:93-100. [PMID: 28286123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study investigated the alterations in TXA2 receptor signal transduction in type 2 diabetic renal arteries. The contraction of renal arterial rings in control (db/m+) mice and type 2 diabetic (db/db) mice was measured by a Multi Myograph System. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in vascular smooth muscle cells was measured by Fluo-4/AM dye and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to determine gene and protein expression levels, respectively. A stable TXA2 mimic U46619 caused markedly stronger dose-dependent contractions in the renal arteries of db/db mice than in those of db/m+ mice. This response was completely blocked by a TXA2 receptor antagonist GR32191 and significantly inhibited by U73122. U46619-induced vasoconstriction was increased in the presence of nifedipine in db/db mice compared with that in db/m+ mice, whereas the response to U46619 did not differ between the two groups in the presence of SKF96365. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release-mediated and CaCl2-induced contractions did not differ between the two groups. In db/db mice, store-operated Ca2+(SOC) entry-mediated contraction in the renal arteries and SOC entry-mediated Ca2+ influx in smooth muscle cells were significantly increased. And the gene and protein expressions of TXA2 receptors, Orai1 and Stim1 were upregulated in the diabetic renal arteries. Therefore the enhancement of U46619-induced contraction was mediated by the upregulation of TXA2 receptors and downstream signaling in the diabetic renal arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Juan Kuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jie-Sheng Qian
- Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Fang Rao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Meng-Zhen Zhang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xin Shan
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Qiu-Xiong Lin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yu-Mei Xue
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Shu-Lin Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Li Jiang
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Chun-Bo Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Chun-Yu Deng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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Jin J, Tang Q, Li Z, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Lu L, Zhu T, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SW, Tu R, Shi Y. Prostaglandin E 2 regulates renal function in C57/BL6 mouse with 5/6 nephrectomy. Life Sci 2017; 174:68-76. [PMID: 28263803 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the roles of cyclooxygenases (COX) and their metabolites in C57/BL6 mice with 5/6 nephrectomy, an animal model of chronic renal failure. MAIN METHODS C57/BL6 mice were grouped into sham-operated (2K), one kidney removal (1K) and 5/6 nephrectomy groups (5/6Nx). Renal resistive index was measured by ultrasonography. Blood, aortae, renal arteries and renal cortex were collected for measurement of kidney function, assessment of vascular responsiveness, Western blotting, immuohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. KEY FINDINGS After four weeks, acetylcholine-induced relaxations were blunted in renal arteries of 1K and 5/6Nx mice; indomethacin, a non-selective COX inhibitor, improved the response in 5/6Nx, but not in 1K renal arteries. In 5/6Nx renal arteries, but not in 1K preparations, the protein presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was decreased, while that of COX-2 and its products [prostacyclin and thromboxane A2] were increased. The renal resistive index was lower in 5/6Nx mice, suggesting a lower resistance in the renal microvasculature. In the renal cortex of 5/6Nx mice, eNOS protein presence was increased; while the presence of COX-2 was not detectable. The prostaglandin E2 level was lower in the 5/6Nx cortex than in the other two groups. SIGNIFICANCE The early stage of renal mass removal is associated with increased renal arterial constriction and reduced microvascular resistance. The former is due to downregulation of eNOS and upregulation of COX-2, leading to an increased production of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2. A reduced production of PGE2 in the renal cortex is important for maintaining normal renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jin
- Biomedical Research Centre, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Q Tang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China
| | - Z Li
- Biomedical Research Centre, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Z Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fudan University, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fudan University, China
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fudan University, China
| | - T Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China
| | - P M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S W Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - R Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China.
| | - Y Shi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China.
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Lipid Emulsions Containing Medium Chain Triacylglycerols Blunt Bradykinin-Induced Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Porcine Coronary Artery Rings. Lipids 2017; 52:235-243. [PMID: 28044232 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition are used to provide calories and essential fatty acids for patients. They have been associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic stress, which may promote the development of endothelial dysfunction in patients. The aim of the present study was to determine whether five different industrial lipid emulsions may affect the endothelial function of coronary arteries. Porcine coronary artery rings were incubated with lipid emulsions 0.5, 1, or 2% (v/v) for 30 min before the determination of vascular reactivity in organ chambers and the level of oxidative stress using electron paramagnetic resonance. Incubation of coronary artery rings with either Lipidem®, Medialipid® containing long- and medium-chain triacylglycerols (LCT/MCT), or SMOFlipid® containing LCT, MCT, omega-9, and -3, significantly reduced the bradykinin-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation, affecting both the nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) components, whereas, Intralipid® containing LCT (soybean oil) and ClinOleic® containing LCT (soybean and olive oil) did not have such an effect. The endothelial dysfunction induced by Lipidem® was significantly improved by indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, inhibitors of oxidative stress (N-acetylcysteine, superoxide dismutase, catalase) and transition metal chelating agents (neocuproine, tetrathiomolybdate, deferoxamine and L-histidine). Lipidem® significantly increased the arterial level of oxidative stress. The present findings indicate that lipid emulsions containing LCT/MCT induce endothelial dysfunction in coronary artery rings by blunting both NO- and EDH-mediated relaxations. The Lipidem®-induced endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased vascular oxidative stress and the formation of COX-derived vasoconstrictor prostanoids.
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Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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Caniffi C, Cerniello FM, Gobetto MN, Sueiro ML, Costa MA, Arranz C. Vascular Tone Regulation Induced by C-Type Natriuretic Peptide: Differences in Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms Involved in Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167817. [PMID: 27936197 PMCID: PMC5147996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that the role of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in the regulation of vascular tone in hypertensive states is unclear, we hypothesized that impaired response of the nitric oxide system to CNP in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) could affect vascular relaxation induced by the peptide in this model of hypertension, and that other endothelial systems or potassium channels opening could also be involved. We examined the effect of CNP on isolated SHR aortas, and the hindlimb vascular resistance (HVR) in response to CNP administration compared to normotensive rats. Aortas were mounted in an isometric organ bath and contracted with phenylephrine. CNP relaxed arteries in a concentration-dependent manner but was less potent in inducing relaxation in SHR. The action of CNP was diminished by removal of the endothelium, inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, and inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase by 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one in both groups. In contrast, blockade of cyclooxygenase or subtype 2 bradykinin receptor increased CNP potency only in SHR. In both Wistar and SHR, CNP relaxation was blunted by tetraethylammonium and partially inhibited by BaCl2 and iberiotoxin, indicating that it was due to opening of the Kir and BKCa channels. However, SHR seem to be more sensitive to Kir channel blockade and less sensitive to BKCa channel blockade than normotensive rats. In addition, CNP decreases HVR in Wistar and SHR, but the effect of CNP increasing blood flow was more marked in SHR. We conclude that CNP induces aorta relaxation by activation of the nitric oxide system and opening of potassium channels, but the response to the peptide is impaired in conductance vessel of hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Caniffi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Flavia M. Cerniello
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María N. Gobetto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L. Sueiro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María A. Costa
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Arranz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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McCarthy CG, Wenceslau CF, Goulopoulou S, Ogbi S, Matsumoto T, Webb RC. Autoimmune therapeutic chloroquine lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:384-394. [PMID: 27639600 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that hypertension results from a loss of immunological tolerance and the resulting autoimmunity may be an important underlying factor of its pathogenesis. This stems from the observations that many of the features involved in autoimmunity are also implicated in hypertension. Furthermore, the underlying presence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease are frequently observed in patients with autoimmune diseases. Antimalarial agents such as chloroquine are generally among the first line treatment options for patients with autoimmune diseases; however, whether they can improve a hypertensive phenotype in a genetic model of essential hypertension remains to be clarified. Therefore, we hypothesized that chloroquine treatment would improve endothelial function and lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We treated adult SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (12 weeks old), as well as a group of young SHR (5 weeks old), with chloroquine (40mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal injection) for 21 days. Chloroquine lowered blood pressure in adult SHR, but did not impede the development of high blood pressure in young SHR. In isolated mesenteric resistance arteries from SHR of both ages, chloroquine treatment inhibited cyclooxygenase-dependent contraction to acetylcholine, lowered vascular and systemic generation of reactive oxygen species, and improved nitric oxide bioavailability. Overall, these data reveal the anti-hypertensive mechanisms of chloroquine in the vasculature, which may be important for lowering risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, it adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that autoimmunity underlies hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Safia Ogbi
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Gagliano-Jucá T, Napolitano M, Del Grossi Ferraz Carvalho F, Campos R, Mónica FZ, Claudino MA, Antunes E, Lopes AG, De Nucci G. Hydrochlorothiazide Potentiates Contractile Activity of Mouse Cavernosal Smooth Muscle. Sex Med 2016; 4:e113-23. [PMID: 27006319 PMCID: PMC5005312 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hydrochlorothiazide has a negative influence on penile erection but little is known about the mechanism(s) involved. Aims To characterize the effects of this diuretic on mouse corpus cavernosum (CC) smooth muscle in vitro and ex vivo. Methods CC strips of C57BL/6 mice (12–16 weeks old) were mounted in organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution and tissue reactivity was evaluated. Expression of genes encoding diuretic targets and enzymes involved in penile erection were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. Main Outcome Measures Stimulation-response curves to phenylephrine (10 nmol/L–100 μmol/L) or to electrical field stimulation (1–32 Hz) were constructed, with or without hydrochlorothiazide. Strips of CC from mice after long-term hydrochlorothiazide treatment (6 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) with or without amiloride (0.6 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) in vivo also were studied. Nitric oxide and Rho-kinase pathways were evaluated. Results Hydrochlorothiazide (100 μmol/L) increased the maximum response to phenylephrine by 64% in vitro. This effect was unaffected by the addition of indomethacin (5 μmol/L) but was abolished by N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 μmol/L). Hydrochlorothiazide (100 μmol/L) potentiated electrical field stimulation-induced contraction in vitro, but not ex vivo. Long-term treatment with hydrochlorothiazide increased the maximum response to phenylephrine by 60% and resulted in a plasma concentration of 500 ± 180 nmol/L. Amiloride (100μmol/L) caused rightward shifts in concentration-response curves to phenylephrine in vitro. Long-term treatment with hydrochlorothiazide plus amiloride did not significantly increase the maximum response to phenylephrine (+13%). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction did not detect the NaCl cotransporter in mouse CC. Hydrochlorothiazide did not change Rho-kinase activity, whereas amiloride decreased it in vitro and ex vivo (approximately 18% and 24% respectively). A 40% decrease in Rock1 expression also was observed after long-term treatment with hydrochlorothiazide plus amiloride. Conclusion Hydrochlorothiazide potentiates contraction of smooth muscle from mouse CC. These findings could explain why diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide are associated with erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Gagliano-Jucá
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauro Napolitano
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Rafael Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Zakia Mónica
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Angelo Claudino
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anibal Gil Lopes
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Barton M, Husmann M, Meyer MR. Accelerated Vascular Aging as a Paradigm for Hypertensive Vascular Disease: Prevention and Therapy. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:680-686.e4. [PMID: 27118295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered the most important nonmodifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death after age 28 years. Because of demographic changes the world population is expected to increase to 9 billion by the year 2050 and up to 12 billion by 2100, with several-fold increases among those 65 years of age and older. Healthy aging and prevention of aging-related diseases and associated health costs have become part of political agendas of governments around the world. Atherosclerotic vascular burden increases with age; accordingly, patients with progeria (premature aging) syndromes die from myocardial infarctions or stroke as teenagers or young adults. The incidence and prevalence of arterial hypertension also increases with age. Arterial hypertension-like diabetes and chronic renal failure-shares numerous pathologies and underlying mechanisms with the vascular aging process. In this article, we review how arterial hypertension resembles premature vascular aging, including the mechanisms by which arterial hypertension (as well as other risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, or chronic renal failure) accelerates the vascular aging process. We will also address the importance of cardiovascular risk factor control-including antihypertensive therapy-as a powerful intervention to interfere with premature vascular aging to reduce the age-associated prevalence of diseases such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertensive nephropathy, and vascular dementia due to cerebrovascular disease. Finally, we will discuss the implementation of endothelial therapy, which aims at active patient participation to improve primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Husmann
- Division of Angiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Wiggers GA, Furieri LB, Briones AM, Avendaño MS, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Salaices M, Alonso MJ. Cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction induced by mercury exposure at low concentrations. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53:282-289. [PMID: 26945730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) has many harmful vascular effects by increasing oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular/endothelial dysfunction, all of which may contribute to cerebrovascular diseases development. We aimed to explore the effects of chronic low-mercury concentration on vascular function in cerebral arteries and the mechanisms involved. Basilar arteries from control (vehicle-saline solution, im) and mercury chloride (HgCl2)-treated rats for 30 days (first dose 4.6μg/kg, subsequent dose 0.07μg/kg/day, im, to cover daily loss) were used. Vascular reactivity, protein expression, nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide anion (O2(-)) production were analyzed. HgCl2 exposure increased serotonin contraction and reduced the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to bradykinin. After NO synthase inhibition, serotonin responses were enhanced more in control than in mercury-treated rats while bradykinin-induced relaxation was abolished. NO levels were greater in control than Hg-treated rats. Tiron and indomethacin reduced vasoconstriction and increased the bradykinin-induced relaxation only in HgCl2-treated rats. Vascular O2(-) production was greater in mercury-treated when compared to control rats. Protein expressions of endothelial NO synthase, copper/zinc (Cu/Zn), Manganese (Mn) and extracellular-superoxide dismutases were similar in cerebral arteries from both groups. Results suggest that Hg treatment increases cerebrovascular reactivity by reducing endothelial negative modulation and NO bioavailability; this effect seems to be dependent on increased reactive oxygen species and prostanoids generation. These findings show, for the first time, that brain vasculature are also affected by chronic mercury exposure and offer further evidence that even at small concentration, HgCl2 is hazardous and might be an environmental risk factor accounting for cerebral vasospasm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Alessandra Wiggers
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Rio Grande do Sul, Unipampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, km 592, PO Box 118, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lorena Barros Furieri
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES 29040-090, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana María Briones
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Soledad Avendaño
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Franck Maciel Peçanha
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Rio Grande do Sul, Unipampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, km 592, PO Box 118, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES 29040-090, Brazil.
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Alonso
- Department of Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avenida de Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Denniss SG, Ford RJ, Smith CS, Jeffery AJ, Rush JWE. Chronic in vivo or acute in vitro resveratrol attenuates endothelium-dependent cyclooxygenase-mediated contractile signaling in hypertensive rat carotid artery. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:1141-50. [PMID: 26917696 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00675.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated cyclooxygenase (COX) and thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptor-mediated endothelium-dependent contraction can contribute to endothelial dysfunction. This study examined the effect of resveratrol (RSV) on endothelium-dependent contraction and cell signaling in the common carotid artery (CCA) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Acetylcholine (Ach)-stimulated endothelium-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-mediated relaxation in precontracted SHR CCA was impaired (maximum 73 ± 6% vs. 87 ± 5% in WKY) (P < 0.05) by competitive COX-mediated contraction. Chronic (28-day) treatment in vivo (drinking water) with a ∼0.075 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) RSV dose affected neither endothelium-dependent relaxation nor endothelium-dependent contraction and associated prostaglandin (PG) production evaluated in non-precontracted NOS-blocked CCA. In contrast, a chronic ∼7.5 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) RSV dose improved endothelium-dependent relaxation (94 ± 6%) and attenuated endothelium-dependent contraction (58 ± 4% vs. 73 ± 5% in No-RSV) and PG production (183 ± 43 vs. 519 ± 93 pg/ml) in SHR CCA, while U46619-stimulated TP receptor-mediated contraction was unaffected. In separate acute in vitro experiments, 20-μM RSV preincubation attenuated endothelium-dependent contraction (6 ± 4% vs. 62 ± 2% in No Drug) and PG production (121 ± 15 vs. 491 ± 93 pg/ml) and attenuated U46619-stimulated contraction (134 ± 5% vs. 171 ± 4%) in non-precontracted NOS-blocked SHR CCA. Compound C, a known AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, did not prevent the RSV attenuating effect on Ach- and U46619-stimulated contraction but did prevent the RSV attenuating effect on PG production (414 ± 58 pg/ml). These data demonstrate that RSV can attenuate endothelium-dependent contraction both by suppressing arterial wall PG production, which may be partially mediated by AMPK, and by TP receptor hyporesponsiveness, which does not appear to be mediated by AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Denniss
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca J Ford
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher S Smith
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew J Jeffery
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - James W E Rush
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells play a major role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by reduced endothelium-dependent relaxations or accompanied by enhanced endothelium-dependent contractions, is a hallmark of and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension has been linked to decreases in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, reflecting the impaired generation of NO and/or the enhanced inactivation of NO by reactive oxygen species. Many of these conditions can be improved by glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a proglucagon-derived hormone secreted by intestinal endocrine L-type cells, which is rapidly inactivated by an enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 in circulation. On one hand, GLP-1 analogues or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors upregulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation, resulting in improved production of NO and thus endothelium-dependent relaxations. On the other hand, GLP-1 and related agents attenuate endothelium-dependent contractions by reducing reactive oxygen species generation and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. GLP-1 elevating agents and GLP-1 receptor agonists improve endothelial function in hypertension, suggesting that GLP-1 signaling could be a therapeutic target in hypertension-related vascular events.
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Sun Y, Lau CW, Jia Y, Li Y, Wang W, Ran J, Li F, Huang Y, Zhou H, Yang B. Functional inhibition of urea transporter UT-B enhances endothelial-dependent vasodilatation and lowers blood pressure via L-arginine-endothelial nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18697. [PMID: 26739766 PMCID: PMC4703984 DOI: 10.1038/srep18697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian urea transporters (UTs), UT-A and UT-B, are best known for their role in urine concentration. UT-B is especially distributed in multiple extrarenal tissues with abundant expression in vascular endothelium, but little is known about its role in vascular function. The present study investigated the physiological significance of UT-B in regulating vasorelaxations and blood pressure. UT-B deletion in mice or treatment with UT-B inhibitor PU-14 in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) and spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) reduced blood pressure. Acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation was significantly augmented in aortas from UT-B null mice. PU-14 concentration-dependently produced endothelium-dependent relaxations in thoracic aortas and mesenteric arteries from both mice and rats and the relaxations were abolished by N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Both expression and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were up-regulated and expression of arginase I was down-regulated when UT-B was inhibited both in vivo and in vitro. PU-14 induced endothelium-dependent relaxations to a similar degree in aortas from 12 weeks old SHRs or WKYs. In summary, here we report for the first time that inhibition of UT-B plays an important role in regulating vasorelaxations and blood pressure via up-regulation of L-arginine-eNOS-NO pathway, and it may become another potential therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chi-Wai Lau
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingli Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Ran
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Matsumoto T, Watanabe S, Iguchi M, Ando M, Oda M, Nagata M, Yamada K, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Mechanisms Underlying Enhanced Noradrenaline-Induced Femoral Arterial Contractions of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Involvement of Endothelium-Derived Factors and Cyclooxygenase-Derived Prostanoids. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:384-93. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Maika Iguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Makoto Ando
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Mirai Oda
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Mako Nagata
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Kosuke Yamada
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
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Baretella O, Vanhoutte P. Endothelium-Dependent Contractions. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 77:177-208. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nyberg M, Gliemann L, Hellsten Y. Vascular function in health, hypertension, and diabetes: effect of physical activity on skeletal muscle microcirculation. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 25 Suppl 4:60-73. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Nyberg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L. Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Y. Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Matsumoto T, Goulopoulou S, Taguchi K, Tostes RC, Kobayashi T. Constrictor prostanoids and uridine adenosine tetraphosphate: vascular mediators and therapeutic targets in hypertension and diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3980-4001. [PMID: 26031319 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the development of systemic complications associated with arterial hypertension and diabetes. The endothelium, or more specifically, various factors derived from endothelial cells tightly regulate vascular function, including vascular tone. In physiological conditions, there is a balance between endothelium-derived factors, that is, relaxing factors (endothelium-derived relaxing factors; EDRFs) and contracting factors (endothelium-derived contracting factors; EDCFs), which mediate vascular homeostasis. However, in disease states, such as diabetes and arterial hypertension, there is an imbalance between EDRF and EDCF, with a reduction of EDRF signalling and an increase of EDCF signalling. Among EDCFs, COX-derived vasoconstrictor prostanoids play an important role in the development of vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension and diabetes. Moreover, uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4 A), identified as an EDCF in 2005, also modulates vascular function. However, the role of Up4 A in hypertension- and diabetes-associated vascular dysfunction is unclear. In the present review, we focused on experimental and clinical evidence that implicate these two EDCFs (vasoconstrictor prostanoids and Up4 A) in vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhao Y, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. α1 -Adrenoceptor activation of PKC-ε causes heterologous desensitization of thromboxane receptors in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3687-701. [PMID: 25857252 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In the aorta of adult spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), but not in that of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), rats, previous exposure to phenylephrine inhibits subsequent contractions to PGE2 . The present experiments were designed to examine the mechanism(s) underlying this inhibition. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Isometric tension was measured in isolated rings of SHR and WKY aortae. Gene expression and protein presence were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting respectively. KEY RESULTS In aorta of 18 weeks SHR, but not age-matched WKY, pre-exposure to phenylephrine inhibited subsequent contractions to PGE2 that were mediated by thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptors. This inhibition was not observed in preparations of pre-hypertensive 5-week-old SHR, and was significantly larger in those of 36- than 18-week-old SHR. Pre-exposure to the PKC activator, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, also inhibited subsequent contractions to PGE2 in SHR aortae. The selective inhibitor of PKC-ε, ε-V1-2, abolished the desensitization caused by pre-exposure to phenylephrine. Two molecular PKC bands were detected and their relative intensities differed in 36-week-old WKY and SHR vascular smooth muscle. The mRNA expressions of PKC-α, PKC-ε, PK-N2 and PKC-ζ and of G protein-coupled kinase (GRK)-2, GRK4 and β-arrestin2 were higher in SHR than WKY aortae. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These experiments suggest that in the SHR but not the WKY aorta, α1 -adrenoceptor activation desensitizes TP receptors through activation of PKC-ε. This heterologous desensitization is a consequence of the chronic exposure to high arterial pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy and Stake Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy and Stake Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susan W S Leung
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy and Stake Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Berberine improves endothelial function by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in the carotid arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:796-801. [PMID: 25686503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in endothelial cells leads to increased oxidative stress and often results in cell death, which has been implicated in hypertension. The present study investigated the effects of berberine, a botanical alkaloid purified from Coptidis rhizoma, on ER stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and the underling mechanism. Isolated carotid arteries from normotensive WKYs and SHRs were suspended in myograph for isometric force measurement. Protein phosphorylations and expressions were determined by Western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured by DHE staining. SHR carotid arteries exhibited exaggerated acetylcholine-triggered endothelium-dependent contractions (EDCs) and elevated ROS accumulation compared with WKY arteries. Moreover, Western blot analysis revealed the reduced AMPK phosphorylation, increased eIF2α phosphorylation, and elevated levels of ATF3, ATF6, XBP1 and COX-2 in SHR carotid arteries while these pathological alterations were reversed by 12 h-incubation with berberine. Furthermore, AMPK inhibitor compound C or dominant negative AMPK adenovirus inhibited the effects of berberine on above-mentioned marker proteins and EDCs. More importantly, ROS scavengers, tempol and tiron plus DETCA, or ER stress inhibitors, 4-PBA and TUCDA normalized the elevated levels of ROS and COX-2 expression, and attenuated EDCs in SHR arteries. Taken together, the present results suggest that berberine reduces EDCs likely through activating AMPK, thus inhibiting ER stress and subsequently scavenging ROS leading to COX-2 down-regulation in SHR carotid arteries. The present study thus provides additional insights into the vascular beneficial effects of berberine in hypertension.
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