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Dai F, Hu C, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang H, Zhou W, Wang J, Geng Q, Dong Y, Tang C. Cav3.2 channel regulates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: a promising target for intervention. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2480-2487. [PMID: 38526284 PMCID: PMC11090426 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202419110-00028/figure1/v/2024-03-08T184507Z/r/image-tiff Calcium influx into neurons triggers neuronal death during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Various calcium channels are involved in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cav3.2 channel is a main subtype of T-type calcium channels. T-type calcium channel blockers, such as pimozide and mibefradil, have been shown to prevent cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced brain injury. However, the role of Cav3.2 channels in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear. Here, in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established using middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice and high glucose hypoxia/reoxygenation exposure in primary hippocampal neurons. The results showed that Cav3.2 expression was significantly upregulated in injured hippocampal tissue and primary hippocampal neurons. We further established a Cav3.2 gene-knockout mouse model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cav3.2 knockout markedly reduced infarct volume and brain water content, and alleviated neurological dysfunction after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Additionally, Cav3.2 knockout attenuated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and neuronal apoptosis. In the hippocampus of Cav3.2-knockout mice, calcineurin overexpression offset the beneficial effect of Cav3.2 knockout after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. These findings suggest that the neuroprotective function of Cav3.2 knockout is mediated by calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells 3 signaling. Findings from this study suggest that Cav3.2 could be a promising target for treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feibiao Dai
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chengyun Hu
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xue Li
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhetao Zhang
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wanjun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiawu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qingtian Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yongfei Dong
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chaoliang Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Di Pierdomenico J, Gallego-Ortega A, Norte-Muñoz M, Vidal-Villegas B, Bravo I, Boluda-Ruiz M, Bernal-Garro JM, Fernandez-Bueno I, Pastor-Jimeno JC, Villegas-Pérez MP, Avilés-Trigueros M, de Los Ríos C, Vidal-Sanz M. Evaluation of the neuroprotective efficacy of the gramine derivative ITH12657 against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in the rat retina. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1335176. [PMID: 38415017 PMCID: PMC10898249 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1335176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate, the neuroprotective effects of a new Gramine derivative named: ITH12657, in a model of retinal excitotoxicity induced by intravitreal injection of NMDA. Methods Adult Sprague Dawley rats received an intravitreal injection of 100 mM NMDA in their left eye and were treated daily with subcutaneous injections of ITH12657 or vehicle. The best dose-response, therapeutic window study, and optimal treatment duration of ITH12657 were studied. Based on the best survival of Brn3a + RGCs obtained from the above-mentioned studies, the protective effects of ITH12657 were studied in vivo (retinal thickness and full-field Electroretinography), and ex vivo by quantifying the surviving population of Brn3a + RGCs, αRGCs and their subtypes α-ONsRGCs, α-ONtRGCs, and α-OFFRGCs. Results Administration of 10 mg/kg ITH12657, starting 12 h before NMDA injection and dispensed for 3 days, resulted in the best significant protection of Brn3a + RGCs against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. In vivo, ITH12657-treated rats showed significant preservation of retinal thickness and functional protection against NMDA-induced retinal excitotoxicity. Ex vivo results showed that ITH12657 afforded a significant protection against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity for the populations of Brn3a + RGC, αRGC, and αONs-RGC, but not for the population of αOFF-RGC, while the population of α-ONtRGC was fully resistant to NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Conclusion Subcutaneous administration of ITH12657 at 10 mg/kg, initiated 12 h before NMDA-induced retinal injury and continued for 3 days, resulted in the best protection of Brn3a + RGCs, αRGC, and αONs-RGC against excitotoxicity-induced RGC death. The population of αOFF-RGCs was extremely sensitive while α-ONtRGCs were fully resistant to NMDA-induced excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Norte-Muñoz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Isaac Bravo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María Boluda-Ruiz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Iván Fernandez-Bueno
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Retina Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Pastor-Jimeno
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Retina Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristobal de Los Ríos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Londoño AF, Farner JM, Dillon M, Grab DJ, Kim Y, Scorpio DG, Dumler JS. Benidipine impairs innate immunity converting sublethal to lethal infections in a murine model of spotted fever rickettsiosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011993. [PMID: 38408129 PMCID: PMC10919851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Spotted fever group rickettsiae are tick-borne obligate intracellular bacteria that infect microvascular endothelial cells. Humans and mammalian infection results in endothelial cell barrier dysfunction and increased vascular permeability. We previously demonstrated that treatment of Rickettsia parkeri-infected cells with the calcium channel blocker benidipine significantly delayed vascular barrier permeability. Thus, we hypothesized that benidipine, known to be safe and effective for other clinical processes, could reduce rickettsia-induced vascular permeability in vivo in an animal model of spotted fever rickettsiosis. Based on liver, lung and brain vascular FITC-dextran extravasation studies, benidipine did not reliably impact vascular permeability. However, it precipitated a deleterious effect on responses to control sublethal R. parkeri infection. Animals treated with benidipine alone had no clinical signs or changes in histopathology and splenic immune cell distributions. Benidipine-treated infected animals had marked increases in tissue and blood bacterial loads, more extensive inflammatory histopathologic injury, and changes in splenic architecture and immune cell distributions potentially reflecting diminished Ca2+ signaling, reduced innate immune cell activation, and loss of rickettsial propagation control. Impaired T cell activation by R. parkeri antigen in the presence of benidipine was confirmed in vitro with the use of NKT cell hybridomas. The unexpected findings stand in stark contrast to recent discussions of the benefits of calcium channel blockers for viral infections and chronic infectious or inflammatory diseases. A role for calcium channel blockers in exacerbation of human rickettsiosis and acute inflammatory infections should be evaluated by a retrospective review of patient's outcomes and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Londoño
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M Farner
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Emerging Infectious Disease Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marlon Dillon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dennis J Grab
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuri Kim
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Diana G Scorpio
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - J Stephen Dumler
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Pissas KP, Schilling M, Korkmaz A, Tian Y, Gründer S. Melatonin alters the excitability of mouse cerebellar granule neurons by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium, potassium, and calcium channels. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12919. [PMID: 37794846 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Besides its role in the circadian rhythm, the pineal gland hormone melatonin (MLT) also possesses antiepileptogenic, antineoplastic, and cardioprotective properties, among others. The dosages necessary to elicit beneficial effects in these diseases often far surpass physiological concentrations. Although even high doses of MLT are considered to be largely harmless to humans, the possible side effects of pharmacological concentrations are so far not well investigated. In the present study, we report that pharmacological doses of MLT (3 mM) strongly altered the electrophysiological characteristics of cultured primary mouse cerebellar granule cells (CGCs). Using whole-cell patch clamp and ratiometric Ca2+ imaging, we observed that pharmacological concentrations of MLT inhibited several types of voltage-gated Na+ , K+ , and Ca2+ channels in CGCs independently of known MLT-receptors, altering the character and pattern of elicited action potentials (APs) significantly, quickly and reversibly. Specifically, MLT reduced AP frequency, afterhyperpolarization, and rheobase, whereas AP amplitude and threshold potential remained unchanged. The altered biophysical profile of the cells could constitute a possible mechanism underlying the proposed beneficial effects of MLT in brain-related disorders, such as epilepsy. On the other hand, it suggests potential adverse effects of pharmacological MLT concentrations on neurons, which should be considered when using MLT as a pharmacological compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Schilling
- Medical faculty, Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ahmet Korkmaz
- Medical faculty, Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yuemin Tian
- Medical faculty, Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gründer
- Medical faculty, Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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5
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Sohn MN, Brown JC, Sharma P, Ziemann U, McGirr A. Pharmacological adjuncts and transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced synaptic plasticity: a systematic review. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2024; 49:E59-E76. [PMID: 38359933 PMCID: PMC10890793 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.230090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neurostimulation modality that has been used to study human synaptic plasticity. Leveraging work in ex vivo preparations, mechanistically informed pharmacological adjuncts to TMS have been used to improve our fundamental understanding of TMS-induced synaptic plasticity. METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature pairing pharmacological adjuncts with TMS plasticity-induction protocols in humans. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase from 2013 to Mar. 10, 2023. Studies published before 2013 were extracted from a previous systematic review. We included studies using repetitive TMS, theta-burst stimulation, paired associative stimulation, and quadripulse stimulation paradigms in healthy and clinical populations. RESULTS Thirty-six studies met our inclusion criteria (28 in healthy and 8 in clinical populations). Most pharmacological agents have targeted the glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA; 15 studies) or dopamine receptors (13 studies). The NMDA receptor is necessary for TMS-induced plasticity; however, sufficiency has not been shown across protocols. Dopaminergic modulation of TMS-induced plasticity appears to be dose-dependent. The GABAergic, cholinergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems have small evidence bases supporting modulation of TMS-induced plasticity, as do voltage-gated calcium and sodium channels. Studies in clinical populations suggest that pharmacological adjuncts to TMS may rescue motor cortex plasticity, with implications for therapeutic applications of TMS and a promising clinical trial in depression. LIMITATIONS This review is limited by the predominance in the literature of studies with small sample sizes and crossover designs. CONCLUSION Pharmacologically enhanced TMS largely parallels findings from ex vivo preparations. As this area expands and novel targets are tested, adequately powered samples in healthy and clinical populations will inform the mechanisms of TMS-induced plasticity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myren N Sohn
- From the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the McLean Hospital, Division of Neurotherapeutics, Belmont, Mass., USA (Brown, Sharma); the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Brown); the Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann); and the Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann)
| | - Joshua C Brown
- From the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the McLean Hospital, Division of Neurotherapeutics, Belmont, Mass., USA (Brown, Sharma); the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Brown); the Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann); and the Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann)
| | - Prayushi Sharma
- From the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the McLean Hospital, Division of Neurotherapeutics, Belmont, Mass., USA (Brown, Sharma); the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Brown); the Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann); and the Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann)
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- From the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the McLean Hospital, Division of Neurotherapeutics, Belmont, Mass., USA (Brown, Sharma); the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Brown); the Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann); and the Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann)
| | - Alexander McGirr
- From the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the McLean Hospital, Division of Neurotherapeutics, Belmont, Mass., USA (Brown, Sharma); the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Brown); the Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann); and the Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann)
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Chang YW, Chen YC, Chen CC. Identification of Novel Targeting Sites of Calcineurin and CaMKII in Human Ca V3.2 T-Type Calcium Channel. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2891. [PMID: 38001892 PMCID: PMC10669385 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel is implicated in various pathological conditions, including cardiac hypertrophy, epilepsy, autism, and chronic pain. Phosphorylation of Cav3.2 by multiple kinases plays a pivotal role in regulating its calcium channel function. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase, calcineurin, interacts physically with Cav3.2 and modulates its activity. However, it remains unclear whether calcineurin dephosphorylates Cav3.2, the specific spatial regions on Cav3.2 involved, and the extent of the quantitative impact. In this study, we elucidated the serine/threonine residues on Cav3.2 targeted by calcineurin using quantitative mass spectrometry. We identified six serine residues in the N-terminus, II-III loop, and C-terminus of Cav3.2 that were dephosphorylated by calcineurin. Notably, a higher level of dephosphorylation was observed in the Cav3.2 C-terminus, where calcineurin binds to this channel. Additionally, a previously known CaMKII-phosphorylated site, S1198, was found to be dephosphorylated by calcineurin. Furthermore, we also discovered that a novel CaMKII-phosphorylated site, S2137, underwent dephosphorylation by calcineurin. In CAD cells, a mouse central nervous system cell line, membrane depolarization led to an increase in the phosphorylation of endogenous Cav3.2 at S2137. Mutation of S2137 affected the calcium channel function of Cav3.2. Our findings advance the understanding of Cav3.2 regulation not only through kinase phosphorylation but also via calcineurin phosphatase dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wang Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | | | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
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7
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Borges FS, Protachevicz PR, Souza DLM, Bittencourt CF, Gabrick EC, Bentivoglio LE, Szezech JD, Batista AM, Caldas IL, Dura-Bernal S, Pena RFO. The Roles of Potassium and Calcium Currents in the Bistable Firing Transition. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1347. [PMID: 37759949 PMCID: PMC10527161 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy brains display a wide range of firing patterns, from synchronized oscillations during slow-wave sleep to desynchronized firing during movement. These physiological activities coexist with periods of pathological hyperactivity in the epileptic brain, where neurons can fire in synchronized bursts. Most cortical neurons are pyramidal regular spiking (RS) cells with frequency adaptation and do not exhibit bursts in current-clamp experiments (in vitro). In this work, we investigate the transition mechanism of spike-to-burst patterns due to slow potassium and calcium currents, considering a conductance-based model of a cortical RS cell. The joint influence of potassium and calcium ion channels on high synchronous patterns is investigated for different synaptic couplings (gsyn) and external current inputs (I). Our results suggest that slow potassium currents play an important role in the emergence of high-synchronous activities, as well as in the spike-to-burst firing pattern transitions. This transition is related to the bistable dynamics of the neuronal network, where physiological asynchronous states coexist with pathological burst synchronization. The hysteresis curve of the coefficient of variation of the inter-spike interval demonstrates that a burst can be initiated by firing states with neuronal synchronization. Furthermore, we notice that high-threshold (IL) and low-threshold (IT) ion channels play a role in increasing and decreasing the parameter conditions (gsyn and I) in which bistable dynamics occur, respectively. For high values of IL conductance, a synchronous burst appears when neurons are weakly coupled and receive more external input. On the other hand, when the conductance IT increases, higher coupling and lower I are necessary to produce burst synchronization. In light of our results, we suggest that channel subtype-specific pharmacological interactions can be useful to induce transitions from pathological high bursting states to healthy states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando S. Borges
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo L. M. Souza
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84010-330, Brazil
| | - Conrado F. Bittencourt
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84010-330, Brazil
| | - Enrique C. Gabrick
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84010-330, Brazil
| | - Lucas E. Bentivoglio
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84010-330, Brazil
| | - José D. Szezech
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84010-330, Brazil
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio M. Batista
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84010-330, Brazil
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Iberê L. Caldas
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Salvador Dura-Bernal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Rodrigo F. O. Pena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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8
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Borges FS, Protachevicz PR, Souza DLM, Bittencourt CF, Gabrick EC, Bentivoglio LE, Szezech JD, Batista AM, Caldas IL, Dura-Bernal S, Pena RFO. The Role of Potassium and Calcium Currents in the Bistable Firing Transition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.16.553625. [PMID: 37645875 PMCID: PMC10462112 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.16.553625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Healthy brains display a wide range of firing patterns, from synchronized oscillations during slowwave sleep to desynchronized firing during movement. These physiological activities coexist with periods of pathological hyperactivity in the epileptic brain, where neurons can fire in synchronized bursts. Most cortical neurons are pyramidal regular spiking cells (RS) with frequency adaptation and do not exhibit bursts in current-clamp experiments ( in vitro ). In this work, we investigate the transition mechanism of spike-to-burst patterns due to slow potassium and calcium currents, considering a conductance-based model of a cortical RS cell. The joint influence of potassium and calcium ion channels on high synchronous patterns is investigated for different synaptic couplings ( g syn ) and external current inputs ( I ). Our results suggest that slow potassium currents play an important role in the emergence of high-synchronous activities, as well as in the spike-to-burst firing pattern transitions. This transition is related to bistable dynamics of the neuronal network, where physiological asynchronous states coexist with pathological burst synchronization. The hysteresis curve of the coefficient of variation of the inter-spike interval demonstrates that a burst can be initiated by firing states with neuronal synchronization. Furthermore, we notice that high-threshold ( I L ) and low-threshold ( I T ) ion channels play a role in increasing and decreasing the parameter conditions ( g syn and I ) in which bistable dynamics occur, respectively. For high values of I L conductance, a synchronous burst appears when neurons are weakly coupled and receive more external input. On the other hand, when the conductance I T increases, higher coupling and lower I are necessary to produce burst synchronization. In light of our results, we suggest that channel subtype-specific pharmacological interactions can be useful to induce transitions from pathological high bursting states to healthy states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando S Borges
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, 09606-045 São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo L M Souza
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Conrado F Bittencourt
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Enrique C Gabrick
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucas E Bentivoglio
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - José D Szezech
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Antonio M Batista
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Iberê L Caldas
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Salvador Dura-Bernal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, USA
| | - Rodrigo F O Pena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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Alluri R, Kilari EK, Pasala PK, Kopalli SR, Koppula S. Repurposing Diltiazem for Its Neuroprotective Anti-Dementia Role against Intra-Cerebroventricular Streptozotocin-Induced Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease-Type Rat Model. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1688. [PMID: 37629545 PMCID: PMC10455909 DOI: 10.3390/life13081688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neuropsychiatric disorder and a common cause of progressive dementia. Diltiazem (DTZ), the non-dihydropyridine benzothiazepine class of calcium channel blocker (CCB), used clinically in angina and other cardiovascular disorders, has proven neurological benefits. In the present study, the neuroprotective anti-dementia effects of DTZ against intra-cerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced sporadic AD (SAD)-type rat model was investigated. ICV-STZ-induced cognitive impairments were measured via passive avoidance and Morris water maze tasks. Anti-oxidative enzyme status, pro-inflammatory markers, and amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein expression in rat brain tissues were measured using ELISA kits, Western blotting, and immunostaining techniques. The data revealed that ICV-STZ injection in rats significantly induced cognitive deficits and altered the levels of oxidative and pro-inflammatory markers (p < 0.05~p < 0.001). Treatment with DTZ (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for twenty-one days, 1 h before a single ICV-STZ (3 mg/kg) injection, significantly improved cognitive impairments and ameliorated the ICV-STZ-induced altered nitrite, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, and IL-1β) and anti-oxidative enzyme levels (superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione). Further, DTZ restored the increased Aβ protein expression in ICV-STZ-induced brain tissue. Considering the results obtained, DTZ might have a potential therapeutic role in treating and managing AD and related dementia pathologies due to its anti-dementia activity in SAD-type conditions in rats induced by ICV-STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Alluri
- Cognitive Science Research Initiative Lab., Department of Pharmacology, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Medak Dist., Narsapur 502313, India
| | - Eswar Kumar Kilari
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Pasala
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur—JNTUA, Anantapur 515721, India
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 380-701, Republic of Korea
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10
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McGuigan S, Marie DJ, O'Bryan LJ, Flores FJ, Evered L, Silbert B, Scott DA. The cellular mechanisms associated with the anesthetic and neuroprotective properties of xenon: a systematic review of the preclinical literature. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1225191. [PMID: 37521706 PMCID: PMC10380949 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1225191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Xenon exhibits significant neuroprotection against a wide range of neurological insults in animal models. However, clinical evidence that xenon improves outcomes in human studies of neurological injury remains elusive. Previous reviews of xenon's method of action have not been performed in a systematic manner. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the evidence underlying the cellular interactions responsible for two phenomena associated with xenon administration: anesthesia and neuroprotection. Methods A systematic review of the preclinical literature was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines and a review protocol was registered with PROSPERO. The review included both in vitro models of the central nervous system and mammalian in vivo studies. The search was performed on 27th May 2022 in the following databases: Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid Emcare, APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science. A risk of bias assessment was performed utilizing the Office of Health Assessment and Translation tool. Given the heterogeneity of the outcome data, a narrative synthesis was performed. Results The review identified 69 articles describing 638 individual experiments in which a hypothesis was tested regarding the interaction of xenon with cellular targets including: membrane bound proteins, intracellular signaling cascades and transcription factors. Xenon has both common and subtype specific interactions with ionotropic glutamate receptors. Xenon also influences the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters and influences multiple other ligand gated and non-ligand gated membrane bound proteins. The review identified several intracellular signaling pathways and gene transcription factors that are influenced by xenon administration and might contribute to anesthesia and neuroprotection. Discussion The nature of xenon NMDA receptor antagonism, and its range of additional cellular targets, distinguishes it from other NMDA antagonists such as ketamine and nitrous oxide. This is reflected in the distinct behavioral and electrophysiological characteristics of xenon. Xenon influences multiple overlapping cellular processes, both at the cell membrane and within the cell, that promote cell survival. It is hoped that identification of the underlying cellular targets of xenon might aid the development of potential therapeutics for neurological injury and improve the clinical utilization of xenon. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: 336871.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven McGuigan
- Department of Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel J. Marie
- Department of Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Liam J. O'Bryan
- Department of Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francisco J. Flores
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lisbeth Evered
- Department of Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brendan Silbert
- Department of Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David A. Scott
- Department of Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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11
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T-Type Calcium Channels: A Mixed Blessing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179894. [PMID: 36077291 PMCID: PMC9456242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of T-type calcium channels is well established in excitable cells, where they preside over action potential generation, automaticity, and firing. They also contribute to intracellular calcium signaling, cell cycle progression, and cell fate; and, in this sense, they emerge as key regulators also in non-excitable cells. In particular, their expression may be considered a prognostic factor in cancer. Almost all cancer cells express T-type calcium channels to the point that it has been considered a pharmacological target; but, as the drugs used to reduce their expression are not completely selective, several complications develop, especially within the heart. T-type calcium channels are also involved in a specific side effect of several anticancer agents, that act on microtubule transport, increase the expression of the channel, and, thus, the excitability of sensory neurons, and make the patient more sensitive to pain. This review puts into context the relevance of T-type calcium channels in cancer and in chemotherapy side effects, considering also the cardiotoxicity induced by new classes of antineoplastic molecules.
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12
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Papazoglou A, Arshaad MI, Henseler C, Daubner J, Broich K, Hescheler J, Ehninger D, Haenisch B, Weiergräber M. Ca v3 T-Type Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Channels and the Amyloidogenic Environment: Pathophysiology and Implications on Pharmacotherapy and Pharmacovigilance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073457. [PMID: 35408817 PMCID: PMC8998330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) were reported to play a crucial role in neurotransmitter release, dendritic resonance phenomena and integration, and the regulation of gene expression. In the septohippocampal system, high- and low-voltage-activated (HVA, LVA) Ca2+ channels were shown to be involved in theta genesis, learning, and memory processes. In particular, HVA Cav2.3 R-type and LVA Cav3 T-type Ca2+ channels are expressed in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca (MS-DBB), hippocampal interneurons, and pyramidal cells, and ablation of both channels was proven to severely modulate theta activity. Importantly, Cav3 Ca2+ channels contribute to rebound burst firing in septal interneurons. Consequently, functional impairment of T-type Ca2+ channels, e.g., in null mutant mouse models, caused tonic disinhibition of the septohippocampal pathway and subsequent enhancement of hippocampal theta activity. In addition, impairment of GABA A/B receptor transcription, trafficking, and membrane translocation was observed within the septohippocampal system. Given the recent findings that amyloid precursor protein (APP) forms complexes with GABA B receptors (GBRs), it is hypothesized that T-type Ca2+ current reduction, decrease in GABA receptors, and APP destabilization generate complex functional interdependence that can constitute a sophisticated proamyloidogenic environment, which could be of potential relevance in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The age-related downregulation of T-type Ca2+ channels in humans goes together with increased Aβ levels that could further inhibit T-type channels and aggravate the proamyloidogenic environment. The mechanistic model presented here sheds new light on recent reports about the potential risks of T-type Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) in dementia, as observed upon antiepileptic drug application in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papazoglou
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (A.P.); (M.I.A.); (C.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Muhammad Imran Arshaad
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (A.P.); (M.I.A.); (C.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Christina Henseler
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (A.P.); (M.I.A.); (C.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Johanna Daubner
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (A.P.); (M.I.A.); (C.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Karl Broich
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (K.B.); (B.H.)
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Translational Biogerontology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Britta Haenisch
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (K.B.); (B.H.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Center for Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (A.P.); (M.I.A.); (C.H.); (J.D.)
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (K.B.); (B.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-99307-4358
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Jiang Y, Patton MH, Zakharenko SS. A Case for Thalamic Mechanisms of Schizophrenia: Perspective From Modeling 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:769969. [PMID: 34955759 PMCID: PMC8693383 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.769969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic psychiatric disorder that devastates the lives of millions of people worldwide. The disease is characterized by a constellation of symptoms, ranging from cognitive deficits, to social withdrawal, to hallucinations. Despite decades of research, our understanding of the neurobiology of the disease, specifically the neural circuits underlying schizophrenia symptoms, is still in the early stages. Consequently, the development of therapies continues to be stagnant, and overall prognosis is poor. The main obstacle to improving the treatment of schizophrenia is its multicausal, polygenic etiology, which is difficult to model. Clinical observations and the emergence of preclinical models of rare but well-defined genomic lesions that confer substantial risk of schizophrenia (e.g., 22q11.2 microdeletion) have highlighted the role of the thalamus in the disease. Here we review the literature on the molecular, cellular, and circuitry findings in schizophrenia and discuss the leading theories in the field, which point to abnormalities within the thalamus as potential pathogenic mechanisms of schizophrenia. We posit that synaptic dysfunction and oscillatory abnormalities in neural circuits involving projections from and within the thalamus, with a focus on the thalamocortical circuits, may underlie the psychotic (and possibly other) symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stanislav S. Zakharenko
- Division of Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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14
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Horikoshi Y, Katsuda SI, Fujikura Y, Hazama A, Shimura H, Shimizu T, Shirai K. Opposing Responses of the Calcium Channel Blocker Nicardipine to Vascular Stiffness in the Elastic and Muscular Arteries in Rabbits. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:1340-1348. [PMID: 33746145 PMCID: PMC8629710 DOI: 10.5551/jat.60848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) consists of intrinsic and functional arterial stiffness mainly regulated by vasoactive compounds. A new stiffness index of the aorta (aBeta) and iliac-femoral arteries (ifBeta) was determined by applying the CAVI theory to the whole aorta and iliac-femoral arteries. We investigated the changes in aBeta and ifBeta in response to decreased blood pressure (BP) induced by the Ca2+ channel blocker nicardipine to elucidate the involvement of Ca2+ in aBeta and ifBeta. METHODS Pressure waves at the origin of the aorta (oA), distal end of the abdominal aorta (dA), and left femoral artery (fA) as well as flow waves at the oA were simultaneously recorded before and after the infusion of nicardipine (50 µg/kg/min) for 2 min in 12 male rabbits under pentobarbital anesthesia. Beta was calculated using the following formula: Beta=2ρ / PP×ln (SBP / DBP)×PWV2, where ρ, SBP, DBP, and PP denote blood density and systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures, respectively. aBeta, ifBeta, and aortic-iliac-femoral Beta (aifBeta) were calculated using aPWV, ifPWV, and aifPWV, respectively. RESULTS SBP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), DBP, and total peripheral vascular resistance significantly decreased during the administration of nicardipine, whereas cardiac output significantly increased. aBeta and ifBeta significantly increased and decreased, respectively, whereas aifBeta did not change despite the decrease in BP. ifBeta and aBeta positively and negatively correlated with BP, respectively, whereas aifBeta did not correlate with SBP. CONCLUSIONS There were contradictory arterial responses to nicardipine between the elastic and muscular arteries. Unknown vasoconstriction mechanisms that are not involved in Ca2+ influx may function in the aorta in response to decreased BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Horikoshi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Katsuda
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Akihiro Hazama
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimizu
- Shimizu Institute of Space Physiology, Suwa Maternity Clinic, Nagano, Japan
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15
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Chen W, Jiang L, Hu Y, Fang G, Yang B, Li J, Liang N, Wu L, Hussain Z. Nanomedicines, an emerging therapeutic regimen for treatment of ischemic cerebral stroke: A review. J Control Release 2021; 340:342-360. [PMID: 34695522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its intricate pathophysiology, cerebral stroke is a serious medical condition caused by interruption or obstruction of blood supply (blockage of vasculature) to the brain tissues which results in diminished supply of essential nutrients and oxygen (hypoxia) and ultimate necrosis of neuronal tissues. A prompt risks assessment and immediate rational therapeutic plan with proficient neuroprotection play critically important role in the effective management of this neuronal emergency. Various conventional medications are being used for treatment of acute ischemic cerebral stroke but fibrinolytic agents, alone or in combination with other agents are considered the mainstay. These clot-busting agents effectively restore blood supply (reperfusion) to ischemic regions of the brain; however, their clinical significance is hampered due to various factors such as short plasma half-life, limited distribution to brain tissues due to the presence of highly efficient physiological barrier, blood brain barrier (BBB), and lacking of target-specific delivery to the ischemic brain regions. To alleviate these issues, various types of nanomedicines such as polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), liposomes, nanoemulsion, micelles and dendrimers have been designed and evaluated. The implication of these newer therapies (nanomedicines) have revolutionized the therapeutic outcomes by improving the plasma half-life, permeation across BBB, efficient distribution to ischemic cerebral tissues and neuroprotection. Furthermore, the adaptation of some diverse techniques including PEGylation, tethering of targeting ligands on the surfaces of nanomedicines, and pH responsive features have also been pondered. The implication of these emerging adaptations have shown remarkable potential in maximizing the targeting efficiency of drugs to ischemic brain tissues, simultaneous delivery of drugs and imaging agents (for early prognosis as well as monitoring of therapy), and therapeutic outcomes such as long-term neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, China; Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Lingfei Jiang
- Graduate College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Yueqiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China.
| | - Gang Fang
- Guangxi Zhuang and Yao Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Bilin Yang
- Graduate College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, China
| | - Ni Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China.
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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16
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Qureshi I, Riaz A, Khan R, Baig M, Rajput MA. Effects of Pregabalin, Nimodipine, and Their Combination in the Inhibition of Status Epilepticus and the Prevention of Death in Mice. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:398-404. [PMID: 34496479 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.95776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The current study aims to evaluate the combined antiepileptic effects of pregabalin (PGB) and nimodipine (NMD) in an acute seizure model of epilepsy in mice. Materials and Methods This study assessed the combined antiepileptic effects of PGB with NMD on death protection in mice. Pentylenetetrazole was used to induce seizures. Both drugs were used singly and in combination to judge anticonvulsant effects on an acute seizure model of epilepsy in mice. Diazepam (DZ) and valproate (VPT) were used as standard antiepileptic drugs. Results The death protection in mice by both these drugs was observed in percentage and deliberated as marked change when the outcome of the tested drug was equal to ED50 of PGB and measured highly marked when the result was more than ED50 for PGB. Treatment with pregabalin and nimodipine combination revealed substantial mortality protection at 30+2.5 mg/kg dose and highly marked at doses from 35+5 mg/kg to 55+15 mg/kg, these effects were superior to individual effects of PGB, showing synergism, however lesser then classic drugs valproate and diazepam. Conclusion NMD showed synergistic anticonvulsant effect with PGB. However, clinical studies are required to establish the effectiveness of this combination in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itefaq Qureshi
- University of Karachi, Department of Pharmacology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Azra Riaz
- University of Karachi, Department of Pharmacology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rafeeq Khan
- Ziauddin University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Moona Baig
- University of Karachi, Department of Pharmacology, Karachi, Pakistan
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Koçak MN, Arslan R, Albayrak A, Tekin E, Bayraktar M, Çelik M, Kaya Z, Bekmez H, Tavaci T. An antihypertensive agent benidipine is an effective neuroprotective and antiepileptic agent: an experimental rat study. Neurol Res 2021; 43:1069-1080. [PMID: 34225559 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1949685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benidipine is an L, N and T type calcium channel blocker drug that is widely used as an antihypertensive drug. OBJECTIVE For the first time in the literature, it was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of benidipine in controlling epileptic seizure and preventing the development of neurodegeneration in epilepsy. METHODS An experimentally epilepsy model was produced with pentylenetetrazole, and rats were divided into seven groups, in different benidipine treatment doses or with valproic acid combinations. The epileptic activities of all rats were recorded according to the Fisher&Kittner classification. Biochemical parameters, histopathological Caspase-3 activity, Wyler hippocampal sclerosis, gliosis and neuronal degenerations were investigated. RESULTS It was found that in the post-hoc analysis of epileptic activities, there was a similar antiepileptic scores among the treatment groups. IL-1 level was found to be significantly lower in the benidipine 4 mg/kg group, and TNF-alpha was lower in the group given valproic acid+benidipine 2 mg/kg (p<0.05). The other biochemical parameters were not found to be significant. Neural degeneration levels in the brain tissues were statistically significant (p<0.001). Compared with the healthy group, the most neural degeneration was in the control group, the least neural degeneration was in the valproic acid+benidipine 4 mg/kg group. CONCLUSIONS For the first time in the literature, benidipine, alone or combined with valproic acid, were found to have a statistically significant antiepileptic efficacy, and provided neuroprotection when combined with valproic acid. Benidipine will be a promising agent in the treatment of epilepsy with its antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Nuri Koçak
- Department of Neurology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Remzi Arslan
- Department of Pathology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulmecit Albayrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Erdal Tekin
- Development and Design Application and Research Center, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bayraktar
- Department of Family Medicine, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Çelik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zülküf Kaya
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Bekmez
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Taha Tavaci
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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18
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Erdogan A, Erdogan MA, Atasoy O, Erbas O. Effects of the Calcium Channel Blocker Otilonium Bromide on Seizure Activity in Rats With Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Convulsions. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1717-1724. [PMID: 33811624 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy. New therapeutic approaches for removing this life-affecting disease are required. The activation of T-type calcium channels (TTCC) is one of the epileptogenesis mechanisms that cause epilepsy. So, we researched the effects of Otilonium bromide (OB), an antisposmolytic drug that inhibits TTCC, on seizure activity in rats with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced convulsion. Randomly, 48 rats were divided into two groups; for electroencephalography (EEG) recordings and for behavioral assesment. Rats were treated with either intraperitoneal (IP) OB at two separate doses (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) or placebo, and then pentylenetetrazole (IP), a potent seizure-inducing chemical administered to them. In our model we have measured rat seizure activity with EEG, the convulsion scala of Racine (RCS), the time of first myoclonic jerk (FMJ) and MDA levels to assess if OB has antiepileptic properties. The mean EEG spike wave percentage score reduced from 79.5% (placebo) to 59.2% (lower-dose) and 35.2% (higher-dose). FMJ had increased from a mean of 67.2 s (placebo), to 105.2 (lower-dose), 150.6 (higher-dose). RCS reduced from a mean of 5.12 (placebo) to 4.4 (lower-dose), 3.8 (higher-dose). MDA leves reduced from 84.5 nmol/gr to 51.09 nmol/gr (lower-dose), 33.2 nmol/gr (higher-dose). Compared to placebo, OB reduced significantly seizure activity at both doses, probably through blocking T-type calcium channels. All these results were statistically significant with < 0.0001 p-values. Otilonium bromide reduced seizure activity in rats with PTZ-induced convulsion. Therefore, the clinical role of OB and other TTCC inhibitors as potential anti-seizure drugs should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arife Erdogan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Cigli Regional Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Mumin Alper Erdogan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozum Atasoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Istanbul Kartal Dr. Lutfı Kırdar Educatıon and Research Hospıtal, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Ortner NJ. Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Channels in Dopaminergic Substantia Nigra Neurons: Therapeutic Targets for Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease? Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:636103. [PMID: 33716705 PMCID: PMC7952618 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.636103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of dopamine (DA)-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN) underlies the core motor symptoms of the progressive movement disorder Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, no treatment to prevent or slow SN DA neurodegeneration exists; thus, the identification of the underlying factors contributing to the high vulnerability of these neurons represents the basis for the development of novel therapies. Disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction seem to be key players in the pathophysiology of PD. The autonomous pacemaker activity of SN DA neurons, in combination with low cytosolic Ca2+ buffering, leads to large somatodendritic fluctuations of intracellular Ca2+ levels that are linked to elevated mitochondrial oxidant stress. L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) contribute to these Ca2+ oscillations in dendrites, and LTCC inhibition was beneficial in cellular and in vivo animal models of PD. However, in a recently completed phase 3 clinical trial, the dihydropyridine (DHP) LTCC inhibitor isradipine failed to slow disease progression in early PD patients, questioning the feasibility of DHPs for PD therapy. Novel evidence also suggests that R- and T-type Ca2+ channels (RTCCs and TTCCs, respectively) represent potential PD drug targets. This short review aims to (re)evaluate the therapeutic potential of LTCC, RTCC, and TTCC inhibition in light of novel preclinical and clinical data and the feasibility of available Ca2+ channel blockers to modify PD disease progression. I also summarize their cell-specific roles for SN DA neuron function and describe how their gating properties allow activity (and thus their contribution to stressful Ca2+ oscillations) during pacemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine J. Ortner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Binvignat O, Olloquequi J. Excitotoxicity as a Target Against Neurodegenerative Processes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1251-1262. [PMID: 31931694 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200113162641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of neurodegenerative diseases is alarmingly increasing in parallel to the aging of population. Although the molecular mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration are not completely understood, excitotoxicity, defined as the injury and death of neurons due to excessive or prolonged exposure to excitatory amino acids, has been shown to play a pivotal role. The increased release and/or decreased uptake of glutamate results in dysregulation of neuronal calcium homeostasis, leading to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions, disturbances in protein turn-over and neuroinflammation. Despite the anti-excitotoxic drug memantine has shown modest beneficial effects in some patients with dementia, to date, there is no effective treatment capable of halting or curing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This has led to a growing body of research focusing on understanding the mechanisms associated with the excitotoxic insult and on uncovering potential therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms. In the present review, we examine the molecular mechanisms related to excitotoxic cell death. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive and updated state of the art of preclinical and clinical investigations targeting excitotoxic- related mechanisms in order to provide an effective treatment against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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21
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Casas-Alba D, López-Sala L, Pérez-Ordóñez M, Mari-Vico R, Bolasell M, Martínez-Monseny AF, Muchart J, Fernández-Fernández JM, Martorell L, Serrano M. Early-onset severe spinocerebellar ataxia 42 with neurodevelopmental deficits (SCA42ND): Case report, pharmacological trial, and literature review. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:256-260. [PMID: 33098379 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset severe spinocerebellar ataxia 42 with neurodevelopmental deficits (SCA42ND, MIM#604065) is an ultrarare autosomal dominant syndrome related to de novo CACNA1G gain-of-function pathogenic variants. All patients with SCA42ND show cerebellar atrophy and/or hypoplasia on neuroimaging and share common features such as dysmorphic features, global developmental delay, and axial hypotonia, all manifesting within the first year of life. To date, only 10 patients with SCA42ND have been reported with functionally confirmed gain-of-function variants, bearing either of two recurrent pathogenic variants. We describe a girl with congenital ataxia, without epilepsy, and a de novo p.Ala961Thr pathogenic variant in CACNA1G. We review the published subjects with the aim of better characterizing the dysmorphic features that may be crucial for clinical recognition of SCA42ND. Cerebellar atrophy, together with digital anomalies, particularly broad thumbs and/or halluces, should lead to clinical suspicion of this disease. We describe the first pharmacological attempt to treat a patient with SCA42ND using zonisamide, an antiepileptic drug with T-type channel blocker activity, in an off-label indication using an itemized study protocol. No efficacy was observed at the dose tested. However, without pharmacological treatment, she showed a positive evolution in neurodevelopment during the follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dídac Casas-Alba
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Early Stimulation Unit, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine IPER, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura López-Sala
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Early Stimulation Unit, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Ordóñez
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Early Stimulation Unit, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosanna Mari-Vico
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Early Stimulation Unit, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Bolasell
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine IPER, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio F Martínez-Monseny
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine IPER, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Muchart
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Fernández-Fernández
- Department de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Laboratori de Fisiologia Molecular, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loreto Martorell
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine IPER, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Serrano
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Early Stimulation Unit, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology, Multimolecular Interactions, and Underlying Recovery Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207533. [PMID: 33066029 PMCID: PMC7589539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive neurological and pathological state that causes major motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. Its pathophysiology comprises acute and chronic phases and incorporates a cascade of destructive events such as ischemia, oxidative stress, inflammatory events, apoptotic pathways and locomotor dysfunctions. Many therapeutic strategies have been proposed to overcome neurodegenerative events and reduce secondary neuronal damage. Efforts have also been devoted in developing neuroprotective and neuro-regenerative therapies that promote neuronal recovery and outcome. Although varying degrees of success have been achieved, curative accomplishment is still elusive probably due to the complex healing and protective mechanisms involved. Thus, current understanding in this area must be assessed to formulate appropriate treatment modalities to improve SCI recovery. This review aims to promote the understanding of SCI pathophysiology, interrelated or interlinked multimolecular interactions and various methods of neuronal recovery i.e., neuroprotective, immunomodulatory and neuro-regenerative pathways and relevant approaches.
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23
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Takayasu T, Kurisu K, Esquenazi Y, Ballester LY. Ion Channels and Their Role in the Pathophysiology of Gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1959-1969. [PMID: 33008831 PMCID: PMC7577395 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors and their prognosis is very poor. In recent years, ion channels have been demonstrated to play important roles in tumor pathophysiology such as regulation of gene expression, cell migration, and cell proliferation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of ion channels on the development and progression of gliomas. Cell volume changes through the regulation of ion flux, accompanied by water flux, are essential for migration and invasion. Signaling pathways affected by ion channel activity play roles in cell survival and cell proliferation. Moreover, ion channels are involved in glioma-related seizures, sensitivity to chemotherapy, and tumor metabolism. Ion channels are potential targets for the treatment of these lethal tumors. Despite our increased understanding of the contributions of ion channels to glioma biology, this field remains poorly studied. This review summarizes the current literature on this important topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Takayasu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kurisu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshua Esquenazi
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, Texas.
- Memorial Hermann Hospital-TMC, Houston, Texas
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, Texas
- Memorial Hermann Hospital-TMC, Houston, Texas
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24
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Zamani M, Budde T, Bozorgi H. Intracerebroventricular administration of N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide displays anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and sedative effects in rats: A preclinical and pilot study. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 111:107251. [PMID: 32593873 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ziconotide (ω-conotoxin MVIIA peptide) is a novel analgesic agent acting on voltage-gated calcium channels and is administered intrathecally for neuropathic pain. While antiepileptic activities of other types of calcium channel blockers (T- or L-type) are well established, there is no information regarding the effect of ziconotide as an N-type calcium channel antagonist in pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures or its anxiolytic and sedative activities. The present study is the first to report on these effects. METHODS To evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of ziconotide in the pentylenetetrazol (60 mg/kg) seizure model, ziconotide was administered intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) as a single dose (1 μg/rat) or repeatedly (chronic administration: 0.1, 0.3, or 1 μg/rat once a day for seven days). The anxiolytic and sedative actions of ziconotide were evaluated with the elevated plus maze, light/dark (LD) box, and pentobarbital-induced sleep tests. Immediately after behavioral testing, the amygdala was completely removed bilaterally to determine corticosterone levels by immunoassay. RESULTS In all dosing regimens, ziconotide significantly decreased the seizure frequency and also delayed the latency period compared with control. Chronic administration affected the percentage of mortality protection, while a single dose of ziconotide did not. In behavioral tests, ziconotide significantly increased both the number of entries and the percentage of time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. Furthermore, ziconotide significantly increased the latency period and the number of entries into the light compartment during the LD box examination. Chronic administration of ziconotide significantly reduced the latency to sleep and increased sleeping time, whereas these parameters were not affected by a single dose. Additionally, amygdala corticosterone levels were significantly decreased in rats treated with ziconotide compared with control. CONCLUSION Ziconotide displays beneficial neurobehavioral effects in a model of epilepsy with anxiety as its comorbid event. It seems that at least one of the mechanisms involved in these effects is associated with a decrease in brain corticosterone levels. The main advantage of ziconotide over benzodiazepines (routine anxiolytic and sedative drugs) is that it does not cause tolerance, dependency, and addiction. Therefore, more than ever, it is necessary to improve the convenience of drug delivery protocols and attenuate the adverse effects associated with ziconotide-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Zamani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Hooman Bozorgi
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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25
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Kim HJ, Noh JW, Amarsanaa K, Jeon SC, Yang YS, Hwang NH, Ko EA, Kang YJ, Jung SC. Peripheral Pain Modulation of Chrysaora pacifica Jellyfish Venom Requires Both Ca 2+ Influx and TRPA1 Channel Activation in Rats. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:900-913. [PMID: 32910305 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The venom of jellyfish triggers severe dermal pain along with inflammation and tissue necrosis, and occasionally, induces internal organ dysfunction. However, the basic mechanisms underlying its cytotoxic effects are still unknown. Here, we report one of the mechanisms involved in peripheral pain modulation associated with inflammatory and neurotoxic oxidative signaling in rats using the venom of jellyfish, Chrysaora pacifica (CpV). This jellyfish is identified by brown tentacles carrying nematocysts filled with cytotoxic venom that induces severe pain, pruritus, tentacle marks, and blisters. The subcutaneous injection of CpV into rat forepaws in behavioral tests triggered nociceptive response with a decreased threshold for mechanical pain perception. These responses lasted up to 48 h and were completely blocked by verapamil and TTA-P2, T-type Ca2+ channel blockers, or HC030031, a transient receptor potential cation ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel blocker, while another Ca2+ channel blocker, nimodipine, was ineffective. Also, treatment with Ca2+ chelators (EGTA and BaptaAM) significantly alleviated the CpV-induced pain response. These results indicate that CpV-induced pain modulation may require both Ca2+ influx through the T-type Ca2+ channels and activation of TRPA1 channels. Furthermore, CpV induced Ca2+-mediated oxidative neurotoxicity in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and cortical neurons dissociated from rats, resulting in decreased neuronal viability and increased intracellular levels of ROS. Taken together, CpV may activate Ca2+-mediated oxidative signaling to produce excessive ROS acting as an endogenous agonist of TRPA1 channels in the peripheral terminals of the primary afferent neurons, resulting in persistent inflammatory pain. These findings provide strong evidence supporting the therapeutic effectiveness of blocking oxidative signaling against pain and cytotoxicity induced by jellyfish venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ji Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Noh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Khulan Amarsanaa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chan Jeon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Sil Yang
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hye Hwang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-A Ko
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Cherl Jung
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Kuznetsov AV, Kuleshova ON, Pronozin AY, Krivenko OV, Zavyalova OS. Effects of low frequency rectangular electric pulses on Trichoplax (Placozoa). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.21072/mbj.2020.05.2.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on plants and animals including humans is quite a contentious issue. Little is known about ELF-EMF effect on hydrobionts, too. We studied the effect of square voltage waves of various amplitude, duration, and duty cycle, passed through seawater, on Trichoplax organisms as a possible test laboratory model. Three Placozoa strains, such as Trichoplax adhaerens (H1), Trichoplax sp. (H2), and Hoilungia hongkongensis (H13), were used in experiments. They were picked at the stationary growth phase. Arduino Uno electronics platform was used to generate a sequence of rectangular pulses of given duration and duty cycle with a frequency up to 2 kHz. Average voltage up to 500 mV was regulated by voltage divider circuit. Amlodipine, an inhibitor of calcium channel activity, was used to check the specificity of electrical pulse effect on voltage-gated calcium channels in Trichoplax. Experimental animals were investigated under a stereo microscope and stimulated by current-carrying electrodes placed close to a Trichoplax body. Variations in behavior and morphological characteristics of Trichoplax plate were studied. Stimulating and suppressing effects were identified. Experimental observations were recorded using photo and video techniques. Motion trajectories of individual animals were tracked. Increasing voltage pulses with fixed frequency of 20 Hz caused H2 haplotype individuals to leave “electrode zone” within several minutes at a voltage of 25 mV. They lost mobility in proportion to voltage rise and were paralyzed at a voltage of 500 mV. Therefore, a voltage of 50 mV was used in further experiments. An animal had more chance to move in various directions in experiments with two electrodes located on one side instead of both sides of Trichoplax. Direction of motion was used as a characteristic feature. Trichoplax were observed to migrate to areas with low density of electric field lines, which are far from electrodes or behind them. Animals from old culture were less sensitive to electrical stimulus. H2 strain was more reactive than H1 strain and especially than H13 strain; it demonstrated stronger physiological responses at frequencies of 2 Hz and 2 kHz with a voltage of 50 mV. Motion patterns and animal morphology depended on the duration of rectangular stimulation pulses, their number, amplitude, and frequency. Effects observed varied over a wide range: from direct or stochastic migration of animals to the anode or the cathode or away from it to their immobility, an increase of optical density around and in the middle of Trichoplax plate, and finally to Trichoplax folding and detach from the substrate. Additional experiments on Trichoplax sp. H2 with pulse duration of 35 ms and pulse delay of 1 ms to 10 s showed that the fraction of paralyzed animals increased up to 80 % with minimum delay. Nevertheless, in the presence of amlodipine with a concentration of 25 nM, almost all Trichoplax remained fast-moving for several minutes despite exposure to voltage waves. Experimental animals showed a total discoordination of motion and could not leave an “electrode trap”, when amlodipine with a concentration of 250 nM was used. Further, Trichoplax plate became rigid, which appeared in animal shape invariability during motion. Finally, amlodipine with a concentration of 50 μM caused a rapid folding of animal plate-like body into a pan in the ventral-dorsal direction and subsequent dissociation of Trichoplax plate into individual cells. In general, the electrical exposure applied demonstrated a cumulative but a reversible physiological effect, which, as expected, is associated with activity of voltage-gated calcium channels. Amlodipine at high concentration (50 μM) caused Trichoplax disintegration; at moderate concentration (250 nM), it disrupted the propagation of activation waves that led to discoordination of animal motion; at low concentration (25 nM), it prevented an electric shock.
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27
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Alza L, Visa A, Herreros J, Cantí C. The rise of T-type channels in melanoma progression and chemotherapeutic resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188364. [PMID: 32275934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway is prevalent in melanoma, principally due to mutations in the BRAF and NRAS genes. MAPK inhibitors are effective only short-term, and recurrence occurs due to functional redundancies or intertwined pathways. The remodeling of Ca2+ signaling is also common in melanoma cells, partly through the increased expression of T-type channels (TTCCs). Here we summarize current knowledge about the prognostic value and molecular targeting of TTCCs. Furthermore, we discuss recent evidence pointing to TTCCs as molecular switches for melanoma chemoresistance, which set the grounds for novel combined therapies against the advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lía Alza
- Universitat de Lleida-IRBlLeida, Cell Calcium Signaling Lab, 25198, Rovira Roure, 80, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Visa
- Universitat de Lleida-IRBlLeida, Cell Calcium Signaling Lab, 25198, Rovira Roure, 80, Lleida, Spain
| | - Judit Herreros
- Universitat de Lleida-IRBlLeida, Cell Calcium Signaling Lab, 25198, Rovira Roure, 80, Lleida, Spain
| | - Carles Cantí
- Universitat de Lleida-IRBlLeida, Cell Calcium Signaling Lab, 25198, Rovira Roure, 80, Lleida, Spain.
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28
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Lee H, Kim JW, Kim DK, Choi DK, Lee S, Yu JH, Kwon OB, Lee J, Lee DS, Kim JH, Min SH. Calcium Channels as Novel Therapeutic Targets for Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072327. [PMID: 32230901 PMCID: PMC7177693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is reportedly attributed to the existence of cancer stem cells (CSC), because in most cancers, CSCs still remain after chemotherapy. To overcome this limitation, novel therapeutic strategies are required to prevent cancer recurrence and chemotherapy-resistant cancers by targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs). We screened an FDA-approved compound library and found four voltage-gated calcium channel blockers (manidipine, lacidipine, benidipine, and lomerizine) that target ovarian CSCs. Four calcium channel blockers (CCBs) decreased sphere formation, viability, and proliferation, and induced apoptosis in ovarian CSCs. CCBs destroyed stemness and inhibited the AKT and ERK signaling pathway in ovarian CSCs. Among calcium channel subunit genes, three L- and T-type calcium channel genes were overexpressed in ovarian CSCs, and downregulation of calcium channel genes reduced the stem-cell-like properties of ovarian CSCs. Expressions of these three genes are negatively correlated with the survival rate of patient groups. In combination therapy with cisplatin, synergistic effect was shown in inhibiting the viability and proliferation of ovarian CSCs. Moreover, combinatorial usage of manidipine and paclitaxel showed enhanced effect in ovarian CSCs xenograft mouse models. Our results suggested that four CCBs may be potential therapeutic drugs for preventing ovarian cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Lee
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jun Woo Kim
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Dae Kyung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Dong Kyu Choi
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
| | - Seul Lee
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
| | - Ji Hoon Yu
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Oh-Bin Kwon
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
| | - Jungsul Lee
- 3 billion Inc., Seocho-gu, Seoul 06621, Korea;
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-H.M.)
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KCP10043F Represses the Proliferation of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Caspase-Mediated Apoptosis via STAT3 Inactivation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030704. [PMID: 32150979 PMCID: PMC7141374 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that 4-(4-fluorobenzylcarbamoylmethyl)-3-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-2-[3-(N,N-dimethylureido)-N'-methylpropylamino]-3,4-dihydroquinazoline (KCP10043F) can induce G1-phase arrest and synergistic cell death in combination with etoposide in lung cancer cells. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanism by which KCP10043F induces cell death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V staining revealed that KCP10043F-induced cytotoxicity was caused by apoptosis. KCP10043F induced a series of intracellular events: (1) downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and upregulation of Bax and cleaved Bid; (2) loss of mitochondrial membrane potential; (3) increase of cytochrome c release; (4) cleavage of procaspase-8, procaspase-9, procaspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In addition, KCP10043F exhibited potent inhibitory effects on constitutive or interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) phosphorylation and STAT3-regulated genes including survivin, Mcl-1, and cyclin D1. Furthermore, STAT3 overexpression attenuated KCP10043F-induced apoptosis and the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP. Docking analysis disclosed that KCP10043F could bind to a pocket in the SH2 domain of STAT3 and prevent STAT3 phosphorylation. The oral administration of KCP10043F decreased tumor growth in an A549 xenograft mouse model, as associated with the reduced phosphorylated STAT3, survivin, Mcl-1, and Bcl-2 expression and increased TUNEL staining and PARP cleavage in tumor tissues. Collectively, our data suggest that KCP10043F suppresses NSCLC cell growth through apoptosis induction via STAT3 inactivation.
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Strategies for Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis and the Role of Calcium. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051663. [PMID: 32121306 PMCID: PMC7084497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions are vital for maintaining the physiological and biochemical processes inside cells. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly dependent on calcium homeostasis and its dysregulation has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Huntington’s disease (HD), as well as with multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, the modulation of calcium influx into the cells and the targeting of calcium-mediated signaling pathways may present a promising therapeutic approach for these diseases. This review provides an overview on calcium channels in neurons and glial cells. Special emphasis is put on MS, a chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS. While the initial relapsing-remitting stage of MS can be treated effectively with immune modulatory and immunosuppressive drugs, the subsequent progressive stage has remained largely untreatable. Here we summarize several approaches that have been and are currently being tested for their neuroprotective capacities in MS and we discuss which role calcium could play in this regard.
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Robles-Gómez AA, Vega AV, Florán B, Barral J. Differential calcium channel-mediated dopaminergic modulation in the subthalamonigral synapse. Synapse 2020; 74:e22149. [PMID: 31975491 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) modulates basal ganglia (BG) activity for initiation and execution of goal-directed movements and habits. While most studies are aimed to striatal function, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying dopaminergic regulation in other nuclei of the BG are not well understood. Therefore, we set to analyze the dopaminergic modulation occurring in subthalamo-nigral synapse, in both pars compacta (SNc) and pars reticulata (SNr) neurons, because these synapses are important for the integration of information previously processed in striatum and globus pallidus. In this study, electrophysiological and pharmacological evidence of dopaminergic modulation on glutamate release through calcium channels is presented. Using paired pulse ratio (PPR) measurements and selective blockers of these ionic channels, together with agonists and antagonists of DA D2 -like receptors, we found that blockade of the CaV 3 family occludes the presynaptic inhibition produced by the activation of DA receptors pharmacologically profiled as D3 -type in the STh-SNc synapses. On the contrast, the blockade of CaV 2 channels, but not CaV 3, occlude with the effect of the D3 agonist, PD 128907, in the STh-SNr synapse. The functional role of this differential distribution of calcium channels that modulate the release of glutamate in the SN implies a fine adjustment of firing for both classes of neurons. Dopaminergic neurons of the SNc establish a DA tone within the SN based on the excitatory/inhibitory inputs; such tone may contribute to processing information from subthalamic nucleus and could also be involved in pathological DA depletion that drives hyperexcitation of SNr neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana V Vega
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Florán
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Barral
- Neurociencias, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico
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Leandrou E, Emmanouilidou E, Vekrellis K. Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and α-Synuclein: Implications in Parkinson's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:237. [PMID: 31649506 PMCID: PMC6794345 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is biochemically and genetically linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. It is now widely accepted that α-syn can be released in the extracellular space, even though the mechanism of its release is still unclear. In addition, pathology-related aggregated species of α-syn have been shown to propagate between neurons in synaptically connected areas of the brain thereby assisting the spreading of pathology in healthy neighboring neuronal cells. In neurons, calcium channels are key signaling elements that modulate the release of bioactive molecules (hormones, proteins, and neurotransmitters) through calcium sensing. Such calcium sensing activity is determined by the distinct biophysical and pharmacological properties and the ability of calcium channels to interact with other modulatory proteins. Although the function of extracellular α-syn is currently unknown, previous work suggested the presence of a calcium-dependent mechanism for α-syn secretion both in vitro, in neuronal cells in culture, and also in vivo, in the context of a trans-neuronal network in brain. Mechanisms regulating extracellular α-syn levels may be of particular importance as they could represent novel therapeutic targets. We discuss here how calcium channel activity may contribute to α-syn aggregation and secretion as a pathway to disease progression in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Leandrou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Emmanouilidou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Mustafá ER, Cordisco Gonzalez S, Raingo J. Ghrelin Selectively Inhibits CaV3.3 Subtype of Low-Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:722-735. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Bellampalli SS, Ji Y, Moutal A, Cai S, Wijeratne EMK, Gandini MA, Yu J, Chefdeville A, Dorame A, Chew LA, Madura CL, Luo S, Molnar G, Khanna M, Streicher JM, Zamponi GW, Gunatilaka AAL, Khanna R. Betulinic acid, derived from the desert lavender Hyptis emoryi, attenuates paclitaxel-, HIV-, and nerve injury-associated peripheral sensory neuropathy via block of N- and T-type calcium channels. Pain 2019; 160:117-135. [PMID: 30169422 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Federal Pain Research Strategy recommended development of nonopioid analgesics as a top priority in its strategic plan to address the significant public health crisis and individual burden of chronic pain faced by >100 million Americans. Motivated by this challenge, a natural product extracts library was screened and identified a plant extract that targets activity of voltage-gated calcium channels. This profile is of interest as a potential treatment for neuropathic pain. The active extract derived from the desert lavender plant native to southwestern United States, when subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation, afforded 3 compounds identified as pentacyclic triterpenoids, betulinic acid (BA), oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid. Betulinic acid inhibited depolarization-evoked calcium influx in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons predominantly through targeting low-voltage-gated (Cav3 or T-type) and CaV2.2 (N-type) calcium channels. Voltage-clamp electrophysiology experiments revealed a reduction of Ca, but not Na, currents in sensory neurons after BA exposure. Betulinic acid inhibited spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and depolarization-evoked release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from lumbar spinal cord slices. Notably, BA did not engage human mu, delta, or kappa opioid receptors. Intrathecal administration of BA reversed mechanical allodynia in rat models of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and HIV-associated peripheral sensory neuropathy as well as a mouse model of partial sciatic nerve ligation without effects on locomotion. The broad-spectrum biological and medicinal properties reported, including anti-HIV and anticancer activities of BA and its derivatives, position this plant-derived small molecule natural product as a potential nonopioid therapy for management of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya S Bellampalli
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yingshi Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Song Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Maria A Gandini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Angie Dorame
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lindsey A Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Cynthia L Madura
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Shizhen Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Gabriella Molnar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Zhang M, Zou B, Gunaratna MJ, Weerasekara S, Tong Z, Nguyen TDT, Koldas S, Cao WS, Pascual C, Xie XS, Hua DH. SYNTHESIS OF 1,3,4-OXADIAZOLES AS SELECTIVE T-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL INHIBITORS. HETEROCYCLES 2019; 101:145-164. [PMID: 32773946 PMCID: PMC7413294 DOI: 10.3987/com-19-s(f)5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, epilepsy, insomnia, and tremor disorder may arrive from an increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration through a dysfunction of T-type Ca2+ channels. Thus, T-type calcium channels could be a target in drug discovery for the treatments of neuropathic pain and epilepsy. From rational drug design approach, a group of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole molecules was synthesized and their selective T-type channel inhibitions were evaluated. The synthetic strategy consists of a short sequence of three reactions: (i) condensation of thiosemicarbazide with acid chlorides; (ii) ring closing by 1,3-dibromo-5,5- dimethylhydantoin; and (iii) coupling with various acid chlorides. 5-Chloro-N-(5- phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (11) was found to selectively inhibit T-type Ca2+ channel over Na+ and K+ channels in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons and/or human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells and to suppress seizure-induced death in mouse model. Consequently, compound 11 is a useful probe for investigation of physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of the T-channel, and provides a basis to develop a novel therapeutic to treat chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid Campus Drive, Manhattan, KS 66506, U. S. A
| | - Bende Zou
- AfaSci Research Laboratories, Redwood City, CA 94063, U. S. A
| | - Medha J Gunaratna
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid Campus Drive, Manhattan, KS 66506, U. S. A
| | - Sahani Weerasekara
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid Campus Drive, Manhattan, KS 66506, U. S. A
| | - Zongbo Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid Campus Drive, Manhattan, KS 66506, U. S. A
| | - Thi D T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid Campus Drive, Manhattan, KS 66506, U. S. A
| | - Serkan Koldas
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid Campus Drive, Manhattan, KS 66506, U. S. A
| | - William S Cao
- AfaSci Research Laboratories, Redwood City, CA 94063, U. S. A
| | - Conrado Pascual
- AfaSci Research Laboratories, Redwood City, CA 94063, U. S. A
| | | | - Duy H Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid Campus Drive, Manhattan, KS 66506, U. S. A
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Jimenez H, Wang M, Zimmerman JW, Pennison MJ, Sharma S, Surratt T, Xu ZX, Brezovich I, Absher D, Myers RM, DeYoung B, Caudell DL, Chen D, Lo HW, Lin HK, Godwin DW, Olivier M, Ghanekar A, Chen K, Miller LD, Gong Y, Capstick M, D'Agostino RB, Munden R, Merle P, Barbault A, Blackstock AW, Bonkovsky HL, Yang GY, Jin G, Liu L, Zhang W, Watabe K, Blackman CF, Pasche BC. Tumour-specific amplitude-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields induce differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting Ca v3.2 T-type voltage-gated calcium channels and Ca 2+ influx. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:209-224. [PMID: 31160272 PMCID: PMC6604666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administration of amplitude modulated 27·12 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (AM RF EMF) by means of a spoon-shaped applicator placed on the patient's tongue is a newly approved treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mechanism of action of tumour-specific AM RF EMF is largely unknown. METHODS Whole body and organ-specific human dosimetry analyses were performed. Mice carrying human HCC xenografts were exposed to AM RF EMF using a small animal AM RF EMF exposure system replicating human dosimetry and exposure time. We performed histological analysis of tumours following exposure to AM RF EMF. Using an agnostic genomic approach, we characterized the mechanism of action of AM RF EMF. FINDINGS Intrabuccal administration results in systemic delivery of athermal AM RF EMF from head to toe at levels lower than those generated by cell phones held close to the body. Tumour shrinkage results from differentiation of HCC cells into quiescent cells with spindle morphology. AM RF EMF targeted antiproliferative effects and cancer stem cell inhibiting effects are mediated by Ca2+ influx through Cav3·2 T-type voltage-gated calcium channels (CACNA1H) resulting in increased intracellular calcium concentration within HCC cells only. INTERPRETATION Intrabuccally-administered AM RF EMF is a systemic therapy that selectively block the growth of HCC cells. AM RF EMF pronounced inhibitory effects on cancer stem cells may explain the exceptionally long responses observed in several patients with advanced HCC. FUND: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Centre Support Grant award number P30CA012197 issued to the Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Centre (BP) and by funds from the Charles L. Spurr Professorship Fund (BP). DWG is supported by R01 AA016852 and P50 AA026117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Jimenez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn W Zimmerman
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Division of Haematology/Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Michael J Pennison
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Sambad Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Trevor Surratt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Ivan Brezovich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Barry DeYoung
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - David L Caudell
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Dwayne W Godwin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael Olivier
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Anand Ghanekar
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kui Chen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Yijian Gong
- IT'IS Foundation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myles Capstick
- IT'IS Foundation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Reginald Munden
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Philippe Merle
- Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Lyon, France
| | | | - Arthur W Blackstock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Herbert L Bonkovsky
- Section on Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Guangxu Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Carl F Blackman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America.
| | - Boris C Pasche
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America.
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Khan AW, Khan AU, Shah SMM, Ullah A, Faheem M, Saleem M. An Updated List of Neuromedicinal Plants of Pakistan, Their Uses, and Phytochemistry. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6191505. [PMID: 30941198 PMCID: PMC6420976 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6191505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost every region of Pakistan is stacked with a large number of medicinal plants. Due to high cost and unavailability of allopathic medicines for the neurological diseases, especially in rural areas, traditional healers prescribe phytotherapy for various neurological diseases like epilepsy, depression, anxiety, insomnia, Alzheimer, and migraine. Such treatments are considered to be most effective by the native people. METHODS The data was collected from articles published on medicinal plants of various districts of Pakistan, using article search engines like Medline, Pubmed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Also, information regarding various neurological uses and mode of applications of medicinal plants was obtained from traditional healers, folk medicine users, and local elderly people having knowledge of medicinal plants. RESULTS A total of 54 families were found to be used in various neurological diseases, of which the highest use was of Solanaceae (22.22%), Asteraceae (12.96%), Lamiaceae, Papaveraceae, and Poaceae, 9% each, and Caprifoliaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rhamnaceae, and Rosaceae, 5.5% each. According to districts, 15% of plants that were effective in neurological affections were found in Bahawalpur, 11% in Swat, 8% in Muzaffarabad, 7% in Malakand, and 6% in Bahawalnagar, Dir, Gilgat, and Sarghoda each, with 5% in Dera ghazi khan and Jhelum each. According to the plant's habit, out of total of 103 plants, 61.15% were found to be herbs, 22.33% trees, 11.65% shrubs, and 4.85% climbers. According to the part used of plant, whole plant, leaves, fruits, roots, seeds, and flowers were found to be used 32.03%, 24.27%, 20.38%, 16.50%, 13.59%, and 11.65%, respectively. According to disease's types, 45.63% were found to be effective in insomnia, 31.06% in epilepsy 12.62% in depression, 6.80% in anxiety, 7.77% in hysteria, and 5.88% in migraine. CONCLUSION Taking into consideration this useful knowledge on medicinal properties of the plants for curing neurologic diseases, it is believed that research in areas of ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology can bring auspicious results that have potential of adding value to the very rich natural resources of Pakistan. This study will help all the researchers from diverse backgrounds working on plants based medicine for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arif-ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aziz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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38
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Yu Y, Hu B, Bao J, Mulvany J, Bielefeld E, Harrison RT, Neton SA, Thirumala P, Chen Y, Lei D, Qiu Z, Zheng Q, Ren J, Perez-Flores MC, Yamoah EN, Salehi P. Otoprotective Effects of Stephania tetrandra S. Moore Herb Isolate against Acoustic Trauma. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2018; 19:653-668. [PMID: 30187298 PMCID: PMC6249158 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-018-00690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise is the most common occupational and environmental hazard, and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the second most common form of sensorineural hearing deficit. Although therapeutics that target the free-radical pathway have shown promise, none of these compounds is currently approved against NIHL by the United States Food and Drug Administration. The present study has demonstrated that tetrandrine (TET), a traditional Chinese medicinal alkaloid and the main chemical isolate of the Stephania tetrandra S. Moore herb, significantly attenuated NIHL in CBA/CaJ mice. TET is known to exert antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effects through the blocking of calcium channels. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording from adult spiral ganglion neurons showed that TET blocked the transient Ca2+ current in a dose-dependent manner and the half-blocking concentration was 0.6 + 0.1 μM. Consistent with previous findings that modulations of calcium-based signaling pathways have both prophylactic and therapeutic effects against neural trauma, NIHL was significantly diminished by TET administration. Importantly, TET has a long-lasting protective effect after noise exposure (48 weeks) in comparison to 2 weeks after noise exposure. The otoprotective effects of TET were achieved mainly by preventing outer hair cell damage and synapse loss between inner hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. Thus, our data indicate that TET has great potential in the prevention and treatment of NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- The First People’s Hospital of Zhangjiagang, 68 W Jiyang Road, Zhangjiagang City, 215600 Jiangsu China
- Translational Research Center, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272 USA
| | - Bing Hu
- Translational Research Center, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272 USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 440011 Hunan China
| | - Jianxin Bao
- Translational Research Center, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272 USA
- Department of Research and Development, Gateway Biotechnology Inc., Rootstown, OH 44272 USA
| | - Jessica Mulvany
- Translational Research Center, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272 USA
- Department of Research and Development, Gateway Biotechnology Inc., Rootstown, OH 44272 USA
| | - Eric Bielefeld
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Ryan T. Harrison
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Sarah A. Neton
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Partha Thirumala
- The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Suite B-400, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Yingying Chen
- Translational Research Center, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272 USA
| | - Debin Lei
- Translational Research Center, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272 USA
| | - Ziyu Qiu
- Department of Research and Development, Gateway Biotechnology Inc., Rootstown, OH 44272 USA
| | - Qingyin Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Jihao Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 440011 Hunan China
| | - Maria Cristina Perez-Flores
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 North Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Ebenezer N. Yamoah
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 North Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Pezhman Salehi
- Translational Research Center, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272 USA
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39
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Teplov IY, Tuleukhanov ST, Zinchenko VP. Regulation of Action Potential Frequency and Amplitude by T-type Ca2+ Channel During Spontaneous Synchronous Activity of Hippocampal Neurons. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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40
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Tabata Y, Imaizumi Y, Sugawara M, Andoh-Noda T, Banno S, Chai M, Sone T, Yamazaki K, Ito M, Tsukahara K, Saya H, Hattori N, Kohyama J, Okano H. T-type Calcium Channels Determine the Vulnerability of Dopaminergic Neurons to Mitochondrial Stress in Familial Parkinson Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1171-1184. [PMID: 30344006 PMCID: PMC6234903 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disease caused by selective degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. Although most cases of PD are sporadic cases, familial PD provides a versatile research model for basic mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of PD. In this study, we generated DA neurons from PARK2 patient-specific, isogenic PARK2 null and PARK6 patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells and found that these neurons exhibited more apoptosis and greater susceptibility to rotenone-induced mitochondrial stress. From phenotypic screening with an FDA-approved drug library, one voltage-gated calcium channel antagonist, benidipine, was found to suppress rotenone-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and increased susceptibility to rotenone-induced stress in PD, which is prevented by T-type calcium channel knockdown or antagonists. These findings suggest that calcium homeostasis in DA neurons might be a useful target for developing new drugs for PD patients. Patient-derived DA neurons recapitulate several PD-related disease phenotypes Establishment of a system for drug screening against PD using patient-derived cells Calcium channel antagonists suppress rotenone-induced apoptosis in PARK2 DA neurons The involvement of dysregulated T-type calcium channels in the progression of PD
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikuni Tabata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yoichi Imaizumi
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Michiko Sugawara
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Tomoko Andoh-Noda
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoe Banno
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - MuhChyi Chai
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takefumi Sone
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamazaki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Masashi Ito
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Kappei Tsukahara
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Jun Kohyama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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41
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Wang D, Ragnarsson L, Lewis RJ. T-type Calcium Channels in Health and Disease. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:3098-3122. [PMID: 30277145 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181001112821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low Voltage-Activated (LVA) T-type calcium channels are characterized by transient current and Low Threshold Spikes (LTS) that trigger neuronal firing and oscillatory behavior. Combined with their preferential localization in dendrites and their specific "window current", T-type calcium channels are considered to be key players in signal amplification and synaptic integration. Assisted by the emerging pharmacological tools, the structural determinants of channel gating and kinetics, as well as novel physiological and pathological functions of T-type calcium channels, are being uncovered. In this review, we provide an overview of structural determinants in T-type calcium channels, their involvement in disorders and diseases, the development of novel channel modulators, as well as Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) studies that lead to rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Lotten Ragnarsson
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia
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42
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Kim JW, Oh HA, Lee SH, Kim KC, Eun PH, Ko MJ, Gonzales ELT, Seung H, Kim S, Bahn GH, Shin CY. T-Type Calcium Channels Are Required to Maintain Viability of Neural Progenitor Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:439-445. [PMID: 29463073 PMCID: PMC6131011 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are low voltage-activated calcium channels that evoke small and transient calcium currents. Recently, T-type calcium channels have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and neural tube defects. However, their function during embryonic development is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the function and expression of T-type calcium channels in embryonic neural progenitor cells (NPCs). First, we compared the expression of T-type calcium channel subtypes (CaV3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) in NPCs and differentiated neural cells (neurons and astrocytes). We detected all subtypes in neurons but not in astrocytes. In NPCs, CaV3.1 was the dominant subtype, whereas CaV3.2 was weakly expressed, and CaV3.3 was not detected. Next, we determined CaV3.1 expression levels in the cortex during early brain development. Expression levels of CaV3.1 in the embryonic period were transiently decreased during the perinatal period and increased at postnatal day 11. We then pharmacologically blocked T-type calcium channels to determine the effects in neuronal cells. The blockade of T-type calcium channels reduced cell viability, and induced apoptotic cell death in NPCs but not in differentiated astrocytes. Furthermore, blocking T-type calcium channels rapidly reduced AKT-phosphorylation (Ser473) and GSK3β-phosphorylation (Ser9). Our results suggest that T-type calcium channels play essential roles in maintaining NPC viability, and T-type calcium channel blockers are toxic to embryonic neural cells, and may potentially be responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Oh
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chan Kim
- KU Open Innovation Center and IBST, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyung Hwa Eun
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Jung Ko
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Edson Luck T Gonzales
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Seung
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonmin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Ho Bahn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.,KU Open Innovation Center and IBST, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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43
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Elmaci I, Altinoz MA. Targeting the cellular schizophrenia. Likely employment of the antipsychotic agent pimozide in treatment of refractory cancers and glioblastoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 128:96-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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44
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Inner Ear Hair Cell Protection in Mammals against the Noise-Induced Cochlear Damage. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:3170801. [PMID: 30123244 PMCID: PMC6079343 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3170801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inner ear hair cells are mechanosensory receptors that perceive mechanical sound and help to decode the sound in order to understand spoken language. Exposure to intense noise may result in the damage to the inner ear hair cells, causing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Particularly, the outer hair cells are the first and the most affected cells in NIHL. After acoustic trauma, hair cells lose their structural integrity and initiate a self-deterioration process due to the oxidative stress. The activation of different cellular death pathways leads to complete hair cell death. This review specifically presents the current understanding of the mechanism exists behind the loss of inner ear hair cell in the auditory portion after noise-induced trauma. The article also explains the recent hair cell protection strategies to prevent the damage and restore hearing function in mammals.
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45
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Fernandes LS, Dos Santos NAG, Emerick GL, Santos ACD. L- and T-type calcium channel blockers protect against the inhibitory effects of mipafox on neurite outgrowth and plasticity-related proteins in SH-SY5Y cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1086-1097. [PMID: 28862523 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1357359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Some organophosphorus compounds (OP), including the pesticide mipafox, produce late onset distal axonal degeneration, known as organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). The underlying mechanism involves irreversible inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) activity, elevated intracellular calcium levels, increased activity of calcium-activated proteases and impaired neuritogenesis. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) appear to play a role in several neurologic disorders, including OPIDN. Therefore, this study aimed to examine and compare the neuroprotective effects of T-type (amiloride) and L-type (nimodipine) VGCC blockers induced by the inhibitory actions of mipafox on neurite outgrowth and axonal proteins of retinoic-acid-stimulated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, a neuronal model widely employed to determine the neurotoxicity attributed to OP. Both nimodipine and amiloride significantly blocked augmentation of intracellular calcium levels and activity of calpains, as well as decreased neurite length, number of differentiated cells, and lowered concentrations of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and synapsin induced by mipafox. Only nimodipine inhibited reduction of synaptophysin levels produced by mipafox. These findings demonstrate a role for calcium and VGCC in the impairment of neuronal plasticity mediated by mipafox. Data also demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of T-type and L-type VGCC blockers to inhibit OP-mediated actions, which may be beneficial to counteract cases of pesticide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Silva Fernandes
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas , Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP - USP , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Neife Aparecida G Dos Santos
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas , Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP - USP , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Guilherme Luz Emerick
- b Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - ICS/UFMT/CUS , Sinop , MT , Brazil
| | - Antonio Cardozo Dos Santos
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas , Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP - USP , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
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46
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Noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy: Past findings and future studies. Hear Res 2017; 349:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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47
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Siegrist R, Pozzi D, Jacob G, Torrisi C, Colas K, Braibant B, Mawet J, Pfeifer T, de Kanter R, Roch C, Kessler M, Corminboeuf O, Bezençon O. Structure–Activity Relationship, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Properties Optimization, and in Vivo Studies of New Brain Penetrant Triple T-Type Calcium Channel Blockers. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10661-10675. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Siegrist
- Drug Discovery Chemistry,
Biology and Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse
16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Davide Pozzi
- Drug Discovery Chemistry,
Biology and Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse
16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Gaël Jacob
- Drug Discovery Chemistry,
Biology and Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse
16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Torrisi
- Drug Discovery Chemistry,
Biology and Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse
16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Kilian Colas
- Drug Discovery Chemistry,
Biology and Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse
16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Braibant
- Drug Discovery Chemistry,
Biology and Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse
16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Mawet
- Drug Discovery Chemistry,
Biology and Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse
16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Drug Discovery Chemistry,
Biology and Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse
16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Ruben de Kanter
- Drug Discovery Chemistry,
Biology and Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse
16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Roch
- Drug Discovery Chemistry,
Biology and Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse
16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Kessler
- Drug Discovery Chemistry,
Biology and Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse
16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Corminboeuf
- Drug Discovery Chemistry,
Biology and Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse
16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bezençon
- Drug Discovery Chemistry,
Biology and Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse
16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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48
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Chen E, Paré JF, Wichmann T, Smith Y. Sub-synaptic localization of Ca v3.1 T-type calcium channels in the thalamus of normal and parkinsonian monkeys. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:735-748. [PMID: 27255751 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels (Cav3) are key mediators of thalamic bursting activity, but also regulate single cells excitability, dendritic integration, synaptic strength and transmitter release. These functions are strongly influenced by the subcellular and subsynaptic localization of Cav3 channels along the somatodendritic domain of thalamic cells. In Parkinson's disease, T-type calcium channels dysfunction in the basal ganglia-receiving thalamic nuclei likely contributes to pathological thalamic bursting activity. In this study, we analyzed the cellular, subcellular, and subsynaptic localization of the Cav3.1 channel in the ventral anterior (VA) and centromedian/parafascicular (CM/Pf) thalamic nuclei, the main thalamic targets of basal ganglia output, in normal and parkinsonian monkeys. All thalamic nuclei displayed strong Cav3.1 neuropil immunoreactivity, although the intensity of immunolabeling in CM/Pf was significantly lower than in VA. Ultrastructurally, 70-80 % of the Cav3.1-immunoreactive structures were dendritic shafts. Using immunogold labeling, Cav3.1 was commonly found perisynaptic to asymmetric and symmetric axo-dendritic synapses, suggesting a role of Cav3.1 in regulating excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Significant labeling was also found at non-synaptic sites along the plasma membrane of thalamic neurons. There was no difference in the overall pattern and intensity of immunostaining between normal and parkinsonian monkeys, suggesting that the increased rebound bursting in the parkinsonian state is not driven by changes in Cav3.1 expression. Thus, T-type calcium channels are located to subserve neuronal bursting, but also regulate glutamatergic and non-glutamatergic transmission along the whole somatodendritic domain of basal ganglia-receiving neurons of the primate thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdong Chen
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Paré
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Thomas Wichmann
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. .,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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49
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Rcom-H'cheo-Gauthier A, Goodwin J, Pountney DL. Interactions between calcium and alpha-synuclein in neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2014; 4:795-811. [PMID: 25256602 PMCID: PMC4192672 DOI: 10.3390/biom4030795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson’s disease and some atypical Parkinson’s syndromes, aggregation of the α-synuclein protein (α-syn) has been linked to neurodegeneration. Many triggers for pathological α-syn aggregation have been identified, including port-translational modifications, oxidative stress and raised metal ions, such as Ca2+. Recently, it has been found using cell culture models that transient increases of intracellular Ca2+ induce cytoplasmic α-syn aggregates. Ca2+-dependent α-syn aggregation could be blocked by the Ca2+ buffering agent, BAPTA-AM, or by the Ca2+ channel blocker, Trimethadione. Furthermore, a greater proportion of cells positive for aggregates occurred when both raised Ca2+ and oxidative stress were combined, indicating that Ca2+ and oxidative stress cooperatively promote α-syn aggregation. Current on-going work using a unilateral mouse lesion model of Parkinson’s disease shows a greater proportion of calbindin-positive neurons survive the lesion, with intracellular α-syn aggregates almost exclusively occurring in calbindin-negative neurons. These and other recent findings are reviewed in the context of neurodegenerative pathologies and suggest an association between raised Ca2+, α-syn aggregation and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rcom-H'cheo-Gauthier
- Griffith Health Institute, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Jacob Goodwin
- Griffith Health Institute, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Dean L Pountney
- Griffith Health Institute, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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