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Wisniewski P, Gangnus T, Burckhardt BB. Recent advances in the discovery and development of drugs targeting the kallikrein-kinin system. J Transl Med 2024; 22:388. [PMID: 38671481 PMCID: PMC11046790 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kallikrein-kinin system is a key regulatory cascade involved in blood pressure maintenance, hemostasis, inflammation and renal function. Currently, approved drugs remain limited to the rare disease hereditary angioedema. However, growing interest in this system is indicated by an increasing number of promising drug candidates for further indications. METHODS To provide an overview of current drug development, a two-stage literature search was conducted between March and December 2023 to identify drug candidates with targets in the kallikrein-kinin system. First, drug candidates were identified using PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov. Second, the latest publications/results for these compounds were searched in PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov and Google Scholar. The findings were categorized by target, stage of development, and intended indication. RESULTS The search identified 68 drugs, of which 10 are approved, 25 are in clinical development, and 33 in preclinical development. The three most studied indications included diabetic retinopathy, thromboprophylaxis and hereditary angioedema. The latter is still an indication for most of the drug candidates close to regulatory approval (3 out of 4). For the emerging indications, promising new drug candidates in clinical development are ixodes ricinus-contact phase inhibitor for thromboprophylaxis and RZ402 and THR-149 for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (all phase 2). CONCLUSION The therapeutic impact of targeting the kallikrein-kinin system is no longer limited to the treatment of hereditary angioedema. Ongoing research on other diseases demonstrates the potential of therapeutic interventions targeting the kallikrein-kinin system and will provide further treatment options for patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Wisniewski
- Individualized Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tanja Gangnus
- Individualized Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bjoern B Burckhardt
- Individualized Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Ho JW, Dawood ZS, Taylor ME, Liggett MR, Jin G, Jaishankar D, Nadig SN, Bharat A, Alam HB. THE NEUROENDOTHELIAL AXIS IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: MECHANISMS OF MULTIORGAN DYSFUNCTION, NOVEL THERAPIES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS. Shock 2024; 61:346-359. [PMID: 38517237 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often initiates a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which can potentially culminate into multiorgan dysfunction. A central player in this cascade is endotheliopathy, caused by perturbations in homeostatic mechanisms governed by endothelial cells due to injury-induced coagulopathy, heightened sympathoadrenal response, complement activation, and proinflammatory cytokine release. Unique to TBI is the potential disruption of the blood-brain barrier, which may expose neuronal antigens to the peripheral immune system and permit neuroinflammatory mediators to enter systemic circulation, propagating endotheliopathy systemically. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the "neuroendothelial axis" underlying endothelial dysfunction after TBI, identify potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and explore therapeutic strategies targeting these interactions, with the ultimate goal of improving patient outcomes after severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie W Ho
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zaiba Shafik Dawood
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Meredith E Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant, and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marjorie R Liggett
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guang Jin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dinesh Jaishankar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant, and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
| | - Satish N Nadig
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant, and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Huang ZY, Lyu ZP, Li HG, You HZ, Yang XN, Cha CH. Des-Arg(9) bradykinin as a causal metabolite for autism spectrum disorder. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:88-101. [PMID: 38327885 PMCID: PMC10845217 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i1.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions can greatly enhance the developmental trajectory of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the etiology of ASD is not completely understood. The presence of confounding factors from environment and genetics has increased the difficulty of the identification of diagnostic biomarkers for ASD. AIM To estimate and interpret the causal relationship between ASD and metabolite profile, taking into consideration both genetic and environmental influences. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using summarized data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) including a metabolite GWAS dataset covering 453 metabolites from 7824 European and an ASD GWAS dataset comprising 18381 ASD cases and 27969 healthy controls. Metabolites in plasma were set as exposures with ASD as the main outcome. The causal relationships were estimated using the inverse variant weight (IVW) algorithm. We also performed leave-one-out sensitivity tests to validate the robustness of the results. Based on the drafted metabolites, enrichment analysis was conducted to interpret the association via constructing a protein-protein interaction network with multi-scale evidence from databases including Infinome, SwissTargetPrediction, STRING, and Metascape. RESULTS Des-Arg(9)-bradykinin was identified as a causal metabolite that increases the risk of ASD (β = 0.262, SE = 0.064, PIVW = 4.64 × 10-5). The association was robust, with no significant heterogeneity among instrument variables (PMR Egger = 0.663, PIVW = 0.906) and no evidence of pleiotropy (P = 0.949). Neuroinflammation and the response to stimulus were suggested as potential biological processes mediating the association between Des-Arg(9) bradykinin and ASD. CONCLUSION Through the application of MR, this study provides practical insights into the potential causal association between plasma metabolites and ASD. These findings offer perspectives for the discovery of diagnostic or predictive biomarkers to support clinical practice in treating ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yu Huang
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zi-Pan Lyu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Ave 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong-Gui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Zhi You
- Department of Nutrition, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiang-Na Yang
- Department of Pediatric Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinic, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cai-Hui Cha
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
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Wang H, Sun W, Li F, Jiang P, Wang L, Zhou N, Feng L. Bradykinin-bradykinin receptor (B1R) signalling is involved in the blood-brain barrier disruption in moyamoya disease. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:4069-4079. [PMID: 37818853 PMCID: PMC10746938 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare disorder of the cerebrovascular system. It is a steno-occlusive disease that involves angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Bradykinin (BK), its metabolite des-Arg9-BK, and receptor (B1R) affect angiogenesis and BBB integrity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in BK, B1R and des-Arg9-BK levels in the serum and brain tissues of patients with MMD and explore the underlying mechanism of these markers in MMD. We obtained the serum samples and superficial temporal artery (STA) tissue of patients with MMD from the Department of Neurosurgery of the Jining First People's Hospital. First, we measured BK, des-Arg9-BK and B1R levels in the serum of patients by means of ELISA. Next, we performed immunofluorescence to determine B1R expression in STA tissues. Finally, we determined the underlying mechanism through Western blot, angiogenesis assay, immunofluorescence, transendothelial electrical resistance and transcytosis assays. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in the BK, des-Arg9-BK and B1R levels in the serum of patients with MMD compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, an increase in the B1R expression level was observed in the STA tissues of patients with MMD. BK and des-Arg9-BK could promote the migratory and proliferative abilities of bEnd.3 cells and inhibited the formation of bEnd.3 cell tubes. In vitro BBB model showed that BK and des-Arg9-BK could reduce claudin-5, ZO-1 and occluding expression and BBB disruption. To the best of our knowledge, our results show an increase in BK and B1R levels in the serum and STA tissues of patients with MMD. BK and Des-Arg9-BK could inhibit angiogenesis, promote migratory and proliferative capacities of cells, and disrupt BBB integrity. Therefore, regulating BK, des-Arg9-BK and B1R levels in the serum and the brain could be potential strategies for treating patients with MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wang
- Department of PharmacyThe Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang/First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Wenxue Sun
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningChina
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningChina
| | - Fengfeng Li
- Department of neurosurgery, Tengzhou Central People's HospitalJining Medical UniversityTengzhouChina
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningChina
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningChina
| | - Lei Wang
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningChina
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningChina
| | - Nannan Zhou
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningChina
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningChina
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningChina
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Shen Y, Xiong Y, Cao Q, Li Y, Xiang W, Wang L, Nie Q, Tang B, Yang Y, Hong D. Construction and validation of a nomogram model to predict symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis in severe white matter lesions. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2023:10.1007/s11239-023-02828-4. [PMID: 37193832 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-023-02828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) increase the risk of bleeding after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) but are also considered to require IVT. Its risk factors and predictive models are still poorly studied. The aim of this study is to develop a clinically applicable model for post-IVT haemorrhage. It offers the possibility to prevent symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in patients with IVT in severe WMLs. A large single-center observational study conducted a retrospective analysis of IVT in patients with severe WMLs from January 2018 to December 2022. Univariate and multi-factor logistic regression results were used to construct nomogram model, and a series of validations were performed on the model. More than 2,000 patients with IVT were screened for inclusion in this study after cranial magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of 180 patients with severe WMLs, 28 of whom developed sICH. In univariate analysis, history of hypertension (OR 3.505 CI 2.257-4.752, p = 0.049), hyperlipidemia (OR 4.622 CI 3.761- 5.483, p < 0.001), the NIHSS score before IVT (OR 41.250 CI 39.212-43.288, p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein levels (OR 1.995 CI 1.448-2.543, p = 0.013), cholesterol levels (OR 1.668 CI 1.246-2.090, p = 0.017), platelet count (OR 0.992 CI 0.985-0.999, p = 0.028), systolic blood pressure (OR 1.044 CI 1.022-1.066, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.047 CI 1.024-1.070, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with sICH. In a multifactorial analysis, the NIHSS score before IVT (OR 94.743 CI 92.311-97.175, p < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.051 CI 1.005-1.097, p = 0.033) were considered to be significantly associated with sICH after IVT as risk factors for the occurrence of sICH. The four most significant factors from logistic regression are subsequently fitted to create a predictive model. The accuracy was verified using ROC curves, calibration curves, decision curves, and clinical impact curves, and the model was considered to have high accuracy (AUC 0.932, 95% 0.888-0.976). The NHISS score before IVT and diastolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for sICH after IVT in patients with severe WMLs. The models based on hyperlipidemia, the NIHSS score before IVT, low-density lipoprotein and diastolic blood pressure are highly accurate and can be applied clinically to provide a reliable predictive basis for IVT in patients with severe WMLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yong Wai Zheng Street 17#, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yong Wai Zheng Street 17#, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - YanPing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - WenWen Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - LuLu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yong Wai Zheng Street 17#, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Quirui Nie
- Department of Gerontology, Nanchang First Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - BoJi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiamen Fifth People's Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - YiRong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yong Wai Zheng Street 17#, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Daojun Hong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yong Wai Zheng Street 17#, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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Amaral A, Cebola N, Szóstek-Mioduchowska A, Rebordão MR, Kordowitzki P, Skarzynski D, Ferreira-Dias G. Inhibition of Myeloperoxidase Pro-Fibrotic Effect by Noscapine in Equine Endometrium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043593. [PMID: 36835008 PMCID: PMC9959736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase is an enzyme released by neutrophils when neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are formed. Besides myeloperoxidase activity against pathogens, it was also linked to many diseases, including inflammatory and fibrotic ones. Endometrosis is a fibrotic disease of the mare endometrium, with a large impact on their fertility, where myeloperoxidase was shown to induce fibrosis. Noscapine is an alkaloid with a low toxicity, that has been studied as an anti-cancer drug, and more recently as an anti-fibrotic molecule. This work aims to evaluate noscapine inhibition of collagen type 1 (COL1) induced by myeloperoxidase in equine endometrial explants from follicular and mid-luteal phases, at 24 and 48 h of treatment. The transcription of collagen type 1 alpha 2 chain (COL1A2), and COL1 protein relative abundance were evaluated by qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The treatment with myeloperoxidase increased COL1A2 mRNA transcription and COL1 protein, whereas noscapine was able to reduce this effect with respect to COL1A2 mRNA transcription, in a time/estrous cycle phase-dependent manner (in explants from the follicular phase, at 24 h of treatment). Our study indicates that noscapine is a promising drug to be considered as an anti-fibrotic molecule to prevent endometrosis development, making noscapine a strong candidate to be applied in future endometrosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amaral
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology (ECT), University of Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Nélio Cebola
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Lusofona, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Anna Szóstek-Mioduchowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maria Rosa Rebordão
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Agriculture School, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paweł Kordowitzki
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute for Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Gagarina 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Dariusz Skarzynski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Graça Ferreira-Dias
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Cui J, Li H, Chen Z, Dong T, He X, Wei Y, Li Z, Duan J, Cao T, Chen Q, Ma D, Zhou Y, Wang B, Shi M, Zhang Q, Xiong L, Qin D. Thrombo-Inflammation and Immunological Response in Ischemic Stroke: Focusing on Platelet-Tregs Interaction. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:955385. [PMID: 35846566 PMCID: PMC9278516 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.955385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Strokes are mainly caused by thromboembolic obstruction of a major cerebral artery. Major clinical manifestations include paralysis hemiplegia, aphasia, memory, and learning disorders. In the case of ischemic stroke (IS), hyperactive platelets contribute to advancing an acute thrombotic event progression. Therefore, the principal goal of treatment is to recanalize the occluded vessel and restore cerebral blood flow by thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy. However, antiplatelets or thrombolytic therapy may increase the risk of bleeding. Beyond the involvement in thrombosis, platelets also contribute to the inflammatory process induced by cerebral ischemia. Platelet-mediated thrombosis and inflammation in IS lie primarily in the interaction of platelet receptors with endothelial cells and immune cells, including T-cells, monocytes/macrophages, and neutrophils. Following revascularization, intervention with conventional antiplatelet medicines such as aspirin or clopidogrel does not substantially diminish infarct development, most likely due to the limited effects on the thrombo-inflammation process. Emerging evidence has shown that T cells, especially regulatory T cells (Tregs), maintain immune homeostasis and suppress immune responses, playing a critical immunomodulatory role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hence, considering the deleterious effects of inflammatory and immune responses, there is an urgent need for more targeted agents to limit the thrombotic-inflammatory activity of platelets and minimize the risk of a cerebral hemorrhage. This review highlights the involvement of platelets in neuroinflammation and the evolving role of Tregs and platelets in IS. In response to all issues, preclinical and clinical strategies should generate more viable therapeutics for preventing and managing IS with immunotherapy targeting platelets and Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Huayan Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zongning Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Lijiang People’s Hospital, Lijiang, China
| | - Ting Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xiying He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengkun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jinfeng Duan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Cao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Dongmei Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Mingqin Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Zhang,
| | - Lei Xiong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Lei Xiong,
| | - Dongdong Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Dongdong Qin,
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rhamnetin on Bradykinin-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression and Cell Migration in Rat Brain Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020609. [PMID: 35054789 PMCID: PMC8776117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) has been shown to induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression and participate in neuroinflammation. The BK/MMP-9 axis can be a target for managing neuroinflammation. Our previous reports have indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activity is involved in BK-induced MMP-9 expression in rat brain astrocytes (RBA-1). Rhamnetin (RNT), a flavonoid compound, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, we proposed RNT could attenuate BK-induced response in RBA-1. This study aims to approach mechanisms underlying RNT regulating BK-stimulated MMP-9 expression, especially ROS and NF-κB. We used pharmacological inhibitors and siRNAs to dissect molecular mechanisms. Western blotting and gelatin zymography were used to evaluate protein and MMP-9 expression. Real-time PCR was used for gene expression. Wound healing assay was applied for cell migration. 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) were used for ROS generation and NOX activity, respectively. Promoter luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were applied to detect gene transcription. Our results showed that RNT inhibits BK-induced MMP-9 protein and mRNA expression, promoter activity, and cell migration in RBA-1 cells. Besides, the levels of phospho-PKCδ, NOX activity, ROS, phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-p65, and NF-κB p65 binding to MMP-9 promoter were attenuated by RNT. In summary, RNT attenuates BK-enhanced MMP-9 upregulation through inhibiting PKCδ/NOX/ROS/ERK1/2-dependent NF-κB activity in RBA-1.
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Rahmanian-Devin P, Baradaran Rahimi V, Jaafari MR, Golmohammadzadeh S, Sanei-far Z, Askari VR. Noscapine, an Emerging Medication for Different Diseases: A Mechanistic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8402517. [PMID: 34880922 PMCID: PMC8648453 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8402517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Noscapine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from poppy extract, used as an antitussive since the 1950s, and has no addictive or euphoric effects. Various studies have shown that noscapine has excellent anti-inflammatory effects and potentiates the antioxidant defences by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increasing total glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, noscapine has indicated antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects. Noscapine induces apoptosis in many cancerous cell types and provides favourable antitumour activities and inhibitory cell proliferation in solid tumours, even drug-resistant strains, via mitochondrial pathways. Moreover, this compound attenuates the dynamic properties of microtubules and arrests the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. Noscapine can reduce endothelial cell migration in the brain by inhibiting endothelial cell activator interleukin 8 (IL-8). In fact, this study aimed to elaborate on the possible mechanisms of noscapine against different disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Rahmanian-Devin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shiva Golmohammadzadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Sanei-far
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Sharma A, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Manganese nanoparticles induce blood-brain barrier disruption, cerebral blood flow reduction, edema formation and brain pathology associated with cognitive and motor dysfunctions. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:385-406. [PMID: 34560926 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles affect blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain edema formation resulting in sensory-motor dysfunction. Exposure of Mn nanoparticles from industrial sources in humans could target basal ganglia resulting in Parkinson's disease. In present investigation, Mn exposure on brain pathology in a rat model was examined. Rats received Mn nanoparticles (30-40nm size) in a dose of 10 or 20mg/kg, i.p. once daily for 7 days and behavioral dysfunctions on Rota Rod performance, inclined plane angle and grid-walking tests as well as gait performances were examined. In addition, BBB breakdown to Evans blue and radioiodine, brain edema formation and neural injuries were also evaluated. Mn nanoparticles treated rats exhibited cognitive and motor dysfunction on the 8th day. At this time, BBB disruption, reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF), brain edema formation and brain pathology were most marked in the sensory-motor cortex, hippocampus, caudate putamen, cerebellum and thalamus followed by hypothalamus, pons, medulla and spinal cord. In these brain areas, neuronal injuries using Nissl staining was clearly seen. These effects of Mn nanoparticle are dose dependent. These results are the first to demonstrate that Mn nanoparticles induce selective brain pathology resulting in cognitive and motor dysfunction, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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11
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Gao Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhang T, Hou Y, Wang P, Liu Y, Yuan L, Zhang H, Wu C, Yang J. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 ameliorates thromboembolic stroke injury in rats by reducing thromboinflammation. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105108. [PMID: 34175350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type ginsenoside, has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke induced by permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in experimental animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PF11 on thromboembolic stroke in rats and its possible mechanisms on thromboinflammation. PF11 (4, 12, 36 mg/kg) was injected intravenously (i.v.) once a day for 3 consecutive days to male Wistar rats followed by embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO). The results showed that PF11 significantly reduced the cerebral infarction volume, brain edema and neurological deficits induced by eMCAO. Meanwhile, the thromboinflammation in the ischemic hemisphere was observed at 24 h after eMCAO, as indicated by the increased number of microvascular thrombus and inflammatory response. Moreover, eMCAO resulted in the up-regulation of platelet glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) and VI (GPVI), as well as the activation of contact-kinin pathway. Notably, PF11 significantly reversed all these changes. Furthermore, PF11 prevented the eMCAO-induced loss of tight junction proteins and up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), thus leading to the alleviation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. In conclusion, the present study revealed that thromboinflammation was induced in the ischemic hemisphere of rats after eMCAO and PF11 exerted marked protective effects against thromboembolic stroke by attenuating thromboinflammation and preventing BBB damage. This research further identifies the potential therapeutic role of PF11 for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tan'an, PR China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yinglu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Linlin Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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12
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Kawadkar M, Mandloi AS, Saxena V, Tamadaddi C, Sahi C, Dhote VV. Noscapine alleviates cerebral damage in ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:669-683. [PMID: 33106921 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With high unmet medical needs, stroke remains an intensely focused research area. Although noscapine is a neuroprotective agent, its mechanism of action in ischemic-reperfusion (I-R) injury is yet to be ascertained. We investigated the effect of noscapine on the molecular mechanisms of cell damage using yeast, and its neuroprotection on cerebral I-R injury in rats. Yeast, both wild-type and Δtrx2 strains, was evaluated for cell growth and viability, and oxidative stress to assess the noscapine effect at 8, 10, 12, and 20 μg/ml concentrations. The neuroprotective activity of noscapine (5 and 10 mg/kg; po for 8 days) was investigated in rats using middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced I-R injury. Infarct volume, neurological deficit, oxidative stress, myeloperoxidase activity, and histological alterations were determined in I-R rats. In vitro yeast assays exhibited significant antioxidant activity and enhanced cell tolerance against oxidative stress after noscapine treatment. Similarly, noscapine pretreatment significantly reduced infarct volume and edema in the brain. The neurological deficit was decreased and oxidative stress biomarkers, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels, were significantly increased while lipid peroxidation showed significant decrease in comparison to vehicle-treated I-R rats. Myeloperoxidase activity, an indicator of inflammation, was also reduced significantly in treated rats; histological changes were attenuated with noscapine. The study demonstrates the protective effect of noscapine in yeast and I-R rats by improving cell viability and attenuating neuronal damage, respectively. This protective activity of noscapine could be attributed to potent free radical scavenging and inhibition of inflammation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Kawadkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, VidyaVihar, Neelbud, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462044, India
| | - Avinash S Mandloi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, VidyaVihar, Neelbud, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462044, India
| | - Vidhu Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, VidyaVihar, Neelbud, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462044, India
| | - Chetana Tamadaddi
- Chaperone and Stress Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Chandan Sahi
- Chaperone and Stress Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Vipin V Dhote
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, VidyaVihar, Neelbud, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462044, India.
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13
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Ca 2+ homeostasis in brain microvascular endothelial cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 362:55-110. [PMID: 34253298 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blood brain barrier (BBB) is formed by the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) lining the wall of brain capillaries. Its integrity is regulated by multiple mechanisms, including up/downregulation of tight junction proteins or adhesion molecules, altered Ca2+ homeostasis, remodeling of cytoskeleton, that are confined at the level of BMVECs. Beside the contribution of BMVECs to BBB permeability changes, other cells, such as pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, leukocytes or neurons, etc. are also exerting direct or indirect modulatory effects on BBB. Alterations in BBB integrity play a key role in multiple brain pathologies, including neurological (e.g. epilepsy) and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis etc.). In this review, the principal Ca2+ signaling pathways in brain microvascular endothelial cells are discussed and their contribution to BBB integrity is emphasized. Improving the knowledge of Ca2+ homeostasis alterations in BMVECa is fundamental to identify new possible drug targets that diminish/prevent BBB permeabilization in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
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14
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Abstract
Current experimental stroke research has evolved to focus on detailed understanding of the brain’s self-protective and restorative mechanisms, and harness this knowledge for development of new therapies. In this context, the role of peptidases and neuropeptides is of growing interest. In this focused review, peptidase neurolysin (Nln) and its extracellular peptide substrates are briefly discussed in relation to pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Upregulation of Nln following stroke is viewed as a compensatory cerebroprotective mechanism in the acute phase of stroke, because the main neuropeptides inactivated by Nln are neuro/cerebrotoxic (bradykinin, substance P, neurotensin, angiotensin II, hemopressin), whereas the peptides generated by Nln are neuro/cerebroprotective (angiotensin-(1–7), Leu-/Met-enkephalins). This notion is confirmed by experimental studies documenting aggravation of stroke outcomes in mice after inhibition of Nln following stroke, and dramatic improvement of stroke outcomes in mice overexpressing Nln in the brain. The role of Nln in the (sub)chronic phase of stroke is less clear and it is likely, that this peptidase does not have a major role in neural repair mechanisms. This is because, the substrates of Nln are less uniform in modulating neurorestorative mechanisms in one direction, some appearing to have neural repair enhancing/stimulating potential, whereas others doing the opposite. Future studies focusing on the role of Nln in pathophysiology of stroke should determine its potential as a cerebroprotective target for stroke therapy, because its unique ability to modulate multiple neuropeptide systems critically involved in brain injury mechanisms is likely advantageous over modulation of one pathogenic pathway for stroke pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardan T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, TX, USA
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15
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Hajimohammadebrahim-Ketabforoush M, Shahmohammadi M, Vahdat Shariatpanahi Z, Zali A. Preoperative Serum Level of Vitamin D is a Possible Protective Factor for Peritumoral Brain Edema of Meningioma: A Cross Sectional Study. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2842-2848. [PMID: 33331170 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1861311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Meningioma is associated with the development of vasogenic edema defined as disrupted blood brain barrier. Vitamin D3 through its own nuclear receptor can regulate the expression of many effective agents on the integrity of the blood brain barrier. This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative serum levels of 25(OH)D and peritumoral brain edema in patients with meningioma. One hundred and twelve patients with meningioma completed the study. Serum 25(OH)D levels assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were done for all patients at the beginning of the study. The percentage of edema index (EI) was used to estimate the extent of peritumoral brain edema through preoperative MRI. The median serum level of 25(OH)D in the patients with the percentage of EI < 100% was significantly higher than those with > 100% (65.58 vs. 37.33, P < 0.001). The median percentage of EI was 24.9. Preoperative serum levels of 25(OH)D had an inverse and significant correlation with the percentage of EI as by increasing each 1 ng/mL of serum 25(OH)D, EI was decreased approximately 4% (95% CI; -5.984 to -1.952, P < 0.001). Vitamin D may be a protective factor for peritumoral brain edema of meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Hajimohammadebrahim-Ketabforoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Shahmohammadi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahdat Shariatpanahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zali
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Freitas F, Tibiriçá E, Singh M, Fraser PA, Mann GE. Redox Regulation of Microvascular Permeability: IL-1β Potentiation of Bradykinin-Induced Permeability Is Prevented by Simvastatin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121269. [PMID: 33327440 PMCID: PMC7764912 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant effects of statins have been implicated in the reduction in microvascular permeability and edema formation in experimental and clinical studies. Bradykinin (Bk)-induced increases in microvascular permeability are potentiated by IL-1β; however, no studies have examined the protection afforded by statins against microvascular hyperpermeability. We investigated the effects of simvastatin pretreatment on albumin–fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (FITC-albumin) permeability in post-capillary venules in rat cremaster muscle. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with L-NAME (10µM) increased basal permeability to FITC-albumin, which was abrogated by superoxide dismutase and catalase. Histamine-induced (1 µM) permeability was blocked by L-NAME but unaffected by scavenging reactive oxygen species with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. In contrast, bradykinin-induced (1–100 nM) permeability increases were unaffected by L-NAME but abrogated by SOD and catalase. Acute superfusion of the cremaster muscle with IL-1β (30 pM, 10 min) resulted in a leftward shift of the bradykinin concentration–response curve. Potentiation by IL-1β of bradykinin-induced microvascular permeability was prevented by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) inhibitor apocynin (1 µM). Pretreatment of rats with simvastatin (5 mg·kg−1, i.p.) 24 h before permeability measurements prevented the potentiation of bradykinin permeability responses by IL-1β, which was not reversed by inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 with tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP). This study highlights a novel mechanism by which simvastatin prevents the potentiation of bradykinin-induced permeability by IL-1β, possibly by targeting the assembly of NADPH oxidase subunits. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of statins in the prevention and treatment of patients predisposed to inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Freitas
- Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London British Heart Foundation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.; (F.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Eduardo Tibiriçá
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 22240-006, Brazil;
| | - Mita Singh
- Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London British Heart Foundation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.; (F.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Paul A. Fraser
- Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London British Heart Foundation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.; (F.F.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.A.F.); (G.E.M.); Tel.: +44-(0)20-78484306 (G.E.M.)
| | - Giovanni E. Mann
- Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London British Heart Foundation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.; (F.F.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.A.F.); (G.E.M.); Tel.: +44-(0)20-78484306 (G.E.M.)
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17
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Liu N, Yan F, Ma Q, Zhao J. Modulation of TRPV4 and BKCa for treatment of brain diseases. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115609. [PMID: 32690264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As a member of transient receptor potential family, the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a kind of nonselective calcium-permeable cation channel, which belongs to non-voltage gated Ca2+ channel. Large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (BKCa) represents a unique superfamily of Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa) that is both voltage and intracellular Ca2+ dependent. Not surprisingly, aberrant function of either TRPV4 or BKCa in neurons has been associated with brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, brain tumor, epilepsy, as well as headache. In these diseases, vascular dysfunction is a common characteristic. Notably, endothelial and smooth muscle TRPV4 can mediate BKCa to regulate cerebral blood flow and pressure. Therefore, in this review, we not only discuss the diverse functions of TRPV4 and BKCa in neurons to integrate relative signaling pathways in the context of cerebral physiological and pathological situations respectively, but also reveal the relationship between TRPV4 and BKCa in regulation of cerebral vascular tone as an etiologic factor. Based on these analyses, this review demonstrates the effective mechanisms of compounds targeting these two channels, which may be potential therapeutic strategies for diseases in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, PR China
| | - Fang Yan
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Qingjie Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, PR China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, PR China.
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18
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Kirsch E, Szejko N, Falcone GJ. Genetic underpinnings of cerebral edema in acute brain injury: an opportunity for pathway discovery. Neurosci Lett 2020; 730:135046. [PMID: 32464484 PMCID: PMC7372633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral edema constitutes an important contributor to secondary injury in acute brain injury. The quantification of cerebral edema in neuroimaging, a well-established biomarker of secondary brain injury, represents a useful intermediate phenotype to study edema formation. Population genetics provides powerful tools to identify novel susceptibility genes, biological pathways and therapeutic targets related to brain edema formation. Here, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis of cerebral edema, introduce relevant genetic methods to study this process, and discuss the ongoing research on the genetic underpinnings of edema formation in acute brain injury. The epsilon 2 and 4 variants within the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are associated with worse outcome after traumatic brain injury and intracerebral hemorrhage, and recent studies link these polymorphisms to inflammatory processes that lead to blood-brain barrier disruption and vasogenic edema. For the Haptoglobin gene (HP), the Hp 2-2 genotype associates with worse outcome after acute brain injury, whereas the haptoglobin Hp 1-1 genotype correlates with increased edema in the early phases of intracerebral hemorrhage. Another important protein in cerebral edema is aquaporin 4, coded by the AQP4 gene. AQP4 mutations contribute to the formation of cytotoxic edema, and further genetic research is necessary to help elucidate the mediating mechanism. Findings supporting the target genes outlined above require replication in larger samples and evaluation in non-white populations. These next steps will be significantly facilitated by the rapid changes observed in the field of population genetics, including large international collaborations, open access to genetic data, and significant reductions in the cost of genotyping technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elayna Kirsch
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Neurocritical Care & Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, 15 York Street, LLCI Room 1004D, P.O. Box 20801, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Natalia Szejko
- Division of Neurocritical Care & Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, 15 York Street, LLCI Room 1004D, P.O. Box 20801, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Bioethics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Guido J Falcone
- Division of Neurocritical Care & Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, 15 York Street, LLCI Room 1004D, P.O. Box 20801, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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19
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The Neuroprotective Effects of Astragaloside IV against H 2O 2-Induced Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells are Associated with Synaptic Plasticity. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/5343619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the neuroprotective effects of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage on human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) are associated with synaptic plasticity. The concentration screening of AS-IV and H2O2 on SH-SY5Y cells and the protective effects of AS-IV on SH-SY5Y cells under H2O2 stress were all determined by MTT assay. The expression of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) were measured by western blot (WB) and inmunofluorescence staining assay under the same treatment conditions. According to the MTT results, the concentration of H2O2 at 50 μmol/L for 3 h was used for the cell damage model, and various concentrations of AS-IV (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 μmol/L) were used to affect SH-SY5Y cells. The MTT results showed that pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with AS-IV (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 μmol/L) attenuated the damage induced by H2O2 (50 μmol/L, 51.62% cell viability) and increased cell viability to 64.19, 63.48, 65.86, and 65.81%, respectively. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining showed that the protective effects of AS-IV against SH-SY5Y cell damage caused by H2O2 resulted in reduced expression of PSD-95 and increased expression of GAP-43 in comparison with the H2O2 treatment group. The conclusion shows that AS-IV protected SH-SY5Y cells and enhanced their viability under H2O2 stress. AS-IV may facilitate presynaptic and postsynaptic plasticity to exert protective effects against oxidative damage of SH-SY5Y cells.
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20
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Long Y, Yang Q, Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Wan J, Liu S, Li N, Peng W. Nose to brain drug delivery - A promising strategy for active components from herbal medicine for treating cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104795. [PMID: 32278035 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI), one of the major causes of death from stroke in the world, not only causes tremendous damage to human health, but also brings heavy economic burden to society. Current available treatments for CIRI, including mechanical therapies and drug therapies, are often accompanied by significant side-effects. Therefore, it is necessary to discovery new strategies for treating CIRI. Many studies have confirmed that the herbal medicine has the advantages of abundant resources, good curative effect and little side effects, which can be used as potential drug for treatment of CIRI through multiple targets. It's known that oral administration commonly has low bioavailability, and injection administration is inconvenient and unsafe. Many drugs can't delivery to brain through routine pathways due to the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Interestingly, increasing evidences have suggested the nasal administration is a potential direct route to transport drug into brain avoiding the BBB and has the characteristics of high bioavailability for treating brain diseases. Therefore, intranasal administration can be treated as an alternative way to treat brain diseases. In the present review, effective methods to treat CIRI by using active ingredients derived from herbal medicine through nose to brain drug delivery (NBDD) are updated and discussed, and some related pharmacological mechanisms have also been emphasized. Our present study would be beneficial for the further drug development of natural agents from herbal medicines via NBDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Qiyue Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Yan Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jinyan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Songyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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21
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Cheng Y, Pereira M, Raukar NP, Reagan JL, Quesenberry M, Goldberg L, Borgovan T, LaFrance Jr WC, Dooner M, Deregibus M, Camussi G, Ramratnam B, Quesenberry P. Inflammation-related gene expression profiles of salivary extracellular vesicles in patients with head trauma. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:676-681. [PMID: 31638091 PMCID: PMC6975135 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, there is no reliable biomarker for the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Studies have shown that extracellular vesicles released by damaged cells into biological fluids can be used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of TBI and evaluation of TBI severity. We hypothesize that the genetic profile of salivary extracellular vesicles in patients with head trauma differs from that in uninjured subjects. Findings from this hypothesis would help investigate the severity of TBI. This study included 19 subjects, consisting of seven healthy controls who denied history of head trauma, six patients diagnosed with concussion injury from an outpatient concussion clinic, and six patients with TBI who received treatment in the emergency department within 24 hours after injury. Real-time PCR analysis of salivary extracellular vesicles in participants was performed using TaqMan Human Inflammation array. Gene expression analysis revealed nine upregulated genes in emergency department patients (LOX5, ANXA3, CASP1, IL2RG, ITGAM, ITGB2, LTA4H, MAPK14, and TNFRSF1A) and 13 upregulated genes in concussion clinic patients compared with healthy participants (ADRB1, ADRB2, BDKRB1, HRH1, HRH2, LTB4R2, LTB4R, PTAFR, CYSLTR1, CES1, KLK1, MC2R, and PTGER3). Each patient group had a unique profile. Comparison between groups showed that 15 inflammation-related genes had significant expression change. Our results indicate that inflammation biomarkers can be used for diagnosis of TBI and evaluation of disease severity. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board on December 18, 2015 (approval No. 0078-12) and on June 9, 2016 (approval No. 4093-16).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mandy Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Neha P. Raukar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John L. Reagan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mathew Quesenberry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laura Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Theodor Borgovan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - W Curt LaFrance Jr
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mark Dooner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Maria Deregibus
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino TO, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino TO, Italy
| | - Bharat Ramratnam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter Quesenberry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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22
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Gonçalves ECD, Vieira G, Gonçalves TR, Simões RR, Brusco I, Oliveira SM, Calixto JB, Cola M, Santos ARS, Dutra RC. Bradykinin Receptors Play a Critical Role in the Chronic Post-ischaemia Pain Model. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:63-78. [PMID: 32222846 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome type-I (CRPS-I) is a chronic painful condition resulting from trauma. Bradykinin (BK) is an important inflammatory mediator required in acute and chronic pain response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between BK receptors (B1 and B2) and chronic post-ischaemia pain (CPIP) development in mice, a widely accepted CRPS-I model. We assessed mechanical and cold allodynia, and paw oedema in male and female Swiss mice exposed to the CPIP model. Upon induction, the animals were treated with BKR antagonists (HOE-140 and DALBK); BKR agonists (Tyr-BK and DABK); antisense oligonucleotides targeting B1 and B2 and captopril by different routes in the model (7, 14 and 21 days post-induction). Here, we demonstrated that treatment with BKR antagonists, by intraperitoneal (i.p.), intraplantar (i.pl.), and intrathecal (i.t.) routes, mitigated CPIP-induced mechanical allodynia and oedematogenic response, but not cold allodynia. On the other hand, i.pl. administration of BKR agonists exacerbated pain response. Moreover, a single treatment with captopril significantly reversed the anti-allodynic effect of BKR antagonists. In turn, the inhibition of BKRs gene expression in the spinal cord inhibited the nociceptive behaviour in the 14th post-induction. The results of the present study suggest the participation of BKRs in the development and maintenance of chronic pain associated with the CPIP model, possibly linking them to CRPS-I pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C D Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, 88906-072, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Graziela Vieira
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, 88906-072, Brazil
| | - Tainara R Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, 88906-072, Brazil
| | - Róli R Simões
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Indiara Brusco
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Sara M Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - João B Calixto
- Center of Innovation and Preclinical Research, Florianópolis, SC, 88056-000, Brazil
| | - Maíra Cola
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, 88906-072, Brazil
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Dutra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, 88906-072, Brazil. .,Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Autoimunidade e Imunofarmacologia (LAIF), Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Araranguá. Rodovia Jorge Lacerda, Km 35.4 - Jardim das Avenidas, Araranguá, SC, CEP 88906-072, Brazil.
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23
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The Role of C1-Esterase Inhibitors in the Management of Vasogenic Edema in Glioblastoma. Case Rep Med 2020; 2020:7981609. [PMID: 32082381 PMCID: PMC7011394 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7981609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most common adult primary brain tumors, classified as a grade IV astrocytoma and highly malignant in nature. As the tumor grows and disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB), vasogenic edema can result. The edema has the potential to significantly contribute to a patient's morbidity and mortality. Bradykinin has been theorized to play a role in this process as well as encourage tumor spread. Here we discuss a case in which a patient with vasogenic edema and angioedema refractory to antihistamines and high dose corticosteroids responded to C1-esterase inhibitor (C1INH) therapy. Though data exist concerning the role of bradykinin in GB, no clinical studies using C1INH have been done in humans with GB.
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24
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Evaluation of long-term rt-PA effects on bEnd.3 endothelial cells under ischemic conditions; changes in ZO-1 expression and glycosylation of the bradykinin B2 receptor. Thromb Res 2020; 187:1-8. [PMID: 31935582 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) has proven effective in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, despite the increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT), its major associated complication. Although it is known that HT is related to blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption, the underlying mechanisms are not well established. We assessed time-dependent effects of rt-PA on the bEnd.3 murine brain endothelial cell line subjected either to normoxia or to 2.5 h of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), evaluating a longer period than has previously been done, beyond 6 h post-reoxygenation. Parameters of cell viability, metabolic activity, ionic and transcellular permeability, as well as levels of claudin-5, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) protein expression were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h post-reoxygenation with or without the administration of rt-PA. rt-PA treatment increased both the ionic and transcellular permeability until 72 h and did not modify cell viability or metabolic activity or the expression of claudin-5, ZO-1 and B2R under normoxia at any analyzed time. Under OGD conditions, rt-PA exacerbated OGD effects on metabolic activity from 48 to 72 h, increased transcellular permeability from 24 to 72 h, significantly decreased ZO-1 protein levels at the plasma membrane and increased B2R glycosylation at 72 h post-reoxygenation. Our findings suggest that a long-term analysis is necessary to elucidate time-dependent molecular mechanisms associated to BBB breakdown due to rt-PA administration under ischemia. Thus, protective BBB therapies after ischemic stroke and rt-PA treatment should be explored at least until 72 h after OGD and rt-PA administration.
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25
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Mugisho OO, Robilliard LD, Nicholson LFB, Graham ES, O'Carroll SJ. Bradykinin receptor-1 activation induces inflammation and increases the permeability of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:343-351. [PMID: 31498530 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are characterised by chronic inflammation and loss of vascular integrity. Bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) activation has been implicated in many neuroinflammatory diseases, but the contribution of B1R to inflammation and vascular breakdown is yet to be determined. As a result, the present study evaluated the effect of B1R stimulation using Des-Arg-9-BK on the cytokine profile and junctional properties of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs). Results showed that stimulation of B1R receptors increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), but decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a cytokine and growth factor required for maintenance of the vasculature. B1R stimulation also resulted in the loss of occludin expression at tight junctions with no change in VE-cadherin expression. There was also a significant increase in permeability to Evans blue albumin, suggesting an increase of vascular permeability. Taken together, these results suggest that B1R activation that occurs in neuroinflammatory diseases may contribute to both the inflammation and loss of blood-brain barrier integrity that is characteristic of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odunayo O Mugisho
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Department of Ophthalmology, Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Laverne D Robilliard
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Louise F B Nicholson
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - E Scott Graham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Simon J O'Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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26
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Mamtilahun M, Tang G, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Tang Y, Yang GY. Targeting Water in the Brain: Role of Aquaporin-4 in Ischemic Brain Edema. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:748-755. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190214115309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brain edema primarily occurs as a consequence of various cerebral injuries including
ischemic stroke. Excessive accumulation of brain water content causes a gradual expansion of brain
parenchyma, decreased blood flow and increased intracranial pressure and, ultimately, cerebral herniation
and death. Current clinical treatment for ischemic edema is very limited, therefore, it is urgent to
develop novel treatment strategies. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that AQP4, a water channel
protein, is closely correlated with brain edema and could be an optimal therapeutic target for the reduction
of ischemic brain edema. AQP4 is prevalently distributed in the central nervous system, and
mainly regulates water flux in brain cells under normal and pathological conditions. This review focuses
on the underlying mechanisms of AQP4 related to its dual role in edema formation and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyassar Mamtilahun
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guanghui Tang
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yaohui Tang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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27
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Sharma HS, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Castellani RJ, Sharma A. Neuroprotective effects of a potent bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE-140 on microvascular permeability, blood flow disturbances, edema formation, cell injury and nitric oxide synthase upregulation following trauma to the spinal cord. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 146:103-152. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Nokkari A, Abou-El-Hassan H, Mechref Y, Mondello S, Kindy MS, Jaffa AA, Kobeissy F. Implication of the Kallikrein-Kinin system in neurological disorders: Quest for potential biomarkers and mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 165-167:26-50. [PMID: 29355711 PMCID: PMC6026079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders represent major health concerns in terms of comorbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite a tremendous increase in our understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved in disease progression and prevention, the accumulated knowledge so far resulted in relatively moderate translational benefits in terms of therapeutic interventions and enhanced clinical outcomes. Aiming at specific neural molecular pathways, different strategies have been geared to target the development and progression of such disorders. The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is among the most delineated candidate systems due to its ubiquitous roles mediating several of the pathophysiological features of these neurological disorders as well as being implicated in regulating various brain functions. Several experimental KKS models revealed that the inhibition or stimulation of the two receptors of the KKS system (B1R and B2R) can exhibit neuroprotective and/or adverse pathological outcomes. This updated review provides background details of the KKS components and their functions in different neurological disorders including temporal lobe epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, stroke, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and glioma. Finally, this work will highlight the putative roles of the KKS components as potential neurotherapeutic targets and provide future perspectives on the possibility of translating these findings into potential clinical biomarkers in neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaly Nokkari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mark S Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ayad A Jaffa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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29
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Desposito D, Zadigue G, Taveau C, Adam C, Alhenc-Gelas F, Bouby N, Roussel R. Neuroprotective effect of kinin B1 receptor activation in acute cerebral ischemia in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9410. [PMID: 28842604 PMCID: PMC5572700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the kallikrein-kinin system enhances cardiac and renal tolerance to ischemia. Here we investigated the effects of selective agonists of kinin B1 or B2 receptor (R) in brain ischemia-reperfusion in diabetic and non-diabetic mice. The role of endogenous kinins was assessed in tissue kallikrein deficient mice (TK−/−). Mice underwent 60min-middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), eight weeks after type 1-diabetes induction. Treatment with B1R-, B2R-agonist or saline was started at reperfusion. Neurological deficit (ND), infarct size (IS), brain water content (BWC) were measured at day 0, 1 and 2 after injury. MCAO induced exaggerated ND, mortality and IS in diabetic mice. B2R-agonist increased ND and mortality to 60% and 80% in non-diabetic and diabetic mice respectively, by mechanisms involving hemodynamic failure and renal insufficiency. TK−/− mice displayed reduced ND and IS compared to wild-type littermate, consistent with suppression of B2R activity. B1R mRNA level increased in ischemic brain but B1R-agonist had no effect on ND, mortality or IS in non-diabetic mice. In contrast, in diabetic mice, B1R-agonist tested at two doses significantly reduced ND by 42–52% and IS by 66–71%, without effect on BWC or renal function. This suggests potential therapeutic interest of B1R agonism for cerebral protection in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorinne Desposito
- INSERM U 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | | | - Christopher Taveau
- INSERM U 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Clovis Adam
- Anatomopathology Department, Kremlin-Bicêtre Hospital, Paris, France
| | - François Alhenc-Gelas
- INSERM U 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Bouby
- INSERM U 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France. .,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France. .,Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France.
| | - Ronan Roussel
- INSERM U 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Denis Diderot University, Paris, France.,Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, DHU FIRE, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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30
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Li Y, Mei Z, Liu S, Wang T, Li H, Li XX, Han S, Yang Y, Li J, Xu ZQD. Galanin Protects from Caspase-8/12-initiated Neuronal Apoptosis in the Ischemic Mouse Brain via GalR1. Aging Dis 2017; 8:85-100. [PMID: 28203483 PMCID: PMC5287390 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Galanin (GAL) plays key role in many pathophysiological processes, but its role in ischemic stroke remains unclear. Here, the models of 1 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/1-7 d reperfusion (R)-induced ischemic stroke and in vitro cell ischemia of 1 h oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/24 h reoxygenation in primary cultured cortical neurons were used to explore GAL’s effects and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed significant increases of GAL protein levels in the peri-infarct region (P) and infarct core (I) within 48 h R of MCAO mice (p<0.001). The RT-qPCR results also demonstrated significant increases of GAL mRNA during 24-48 h R (p<0.001), and GAL receptors GalR1-2 (but not 3) mRNA levels in the P region at 24 h R of MCAO mice (p<0.001). Furthermore, the significant decrease of infarct volume (p<0.05) and improved neurological outcome (p<0.001-0.05) were observed in MCAO mice following 1 h pre- or 6 h post-treatment of GAL during 1-7 d reperfusion. GalR1 was confirmed as the receptor responsible for GAL-induced neuroprotection by using GalR2/3 agonist AR-M1896 and Lentivirus-based RNAi knockdown of GalR1. GAL treatment inhibited Caspase-3 activation through the upstream initiators Capsases-8/-12 (not Caspase-9) in both P region and OGD-treated cortical neurons. Meanwhile, GAL’s neuroprotective effect was not observed in cortical neurons from conventional protein kinase C (cPKC) γ knockout mice. These results suggested that exogenous GAL protects the brain from ischemic injury by inhibiting Capsase-8/12-initiated apoptosis, possibly mediated by GalR1 via the cPKCγ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhu Mei
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuiqiao Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yutao Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junfa Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhi-Qing David Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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