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Aborode AT, Olamilekan Adesola R, Idris I, Adio WS, Scott GY, Chakoma M, Oluwaseun AA, Onifade IA, Adeoye AF, Aluko BA, Abok JI. Troponin C gene mutations on cardiac muscle cell and skeletal Regulation: A comprehensive review. Gene 2024; 927:148651. [PMID: 38871035 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The troponin complex plays a crucial role in regulating skeletal and cardiac contraction. Congenital myopathies can occur due to several mutations in genes that encode skeletal troponin. Moreover, there is limited information regarding the composition of skeletal troponin. This review specifically examines a comprehensive review of the TNNC gene mutations on cardiac and skeletal regulations. MAIN BODY Troponin C (TNNC) has been linked to a newly discovered inherited muscle disorder. Genetic variations in genes that encode skeletal troponin can impair the function of sarcomeres. Various treatment approaches have been employed to mitigate the impact of variations, including the use of troponin activators, the injection of wild-type protein via AAV gene therapy, and myosin modification to enhance muscle contraction. The processes responsible for the pathophysiological implications of the variations in genes that encode skeletal troponin are not fully understood. CONCLUSION This comprehensive review will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between human cardiomyopathy and TNNC mutations and will guide the development of therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Ibrahim Idris
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Waheed Sakariyau Adio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Health and Natural Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, USA.
| | - Godfred Yawson Scott
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Mugove Chakoma
- Department of Primary Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine and Healthcare, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe.
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeremiah I Abok
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology University of New Mexico, USA.
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Iqbal MK, Ambreen A, Mujahid M, Zarlashat Y, Abid M, Yasin A, Ullah MN, Shahzad R, Harlina PW, Khan SU, Alissa M, Algopishi UB, Almubarak HA. Cardiomegaly: Navigating the uncharted territories of heart failure - A multimodal radiological journey through advanced imaging, pathophysiological landscapes, and innovative therapeutic frontiers. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102748. [PMID: 39009253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomegaly is among the disorders categorized by a structural enlargement of the heart by any of the situations including pregnancy, resulting in damage to heart muscles and causing trouble in normal heart functioning. Cardiomegaly can be defined in terms of dilatation with an enlarged heart and decreased left or biventricular contraction. The genetic origin of cardiomegaly is becoming more evident due to extensive genomic research opening up new avenues to ensure the use of precision medicine. Cardiomegaly is usually assessed by using an array of radiological modalities, including computed tomography (CT) scans, chest X-rays, and MRIs. These imaging techniques have provided an important opportunity for the physiology and anatomy of the heart. This review aims to highlight the complexity of cardiomegaly, highlighting the contribution of both ecological and genetic variables to its progression. Moreover, we further highlight the worth of precise clinical diagnosis, which comprises blood biomarkers and electrocardiograms (EKG ECG), demonstrating the significance of distinguishing between numerous basic causes. Finally, the analysis highlights the extensive variation of treatment lines, such as lifestyle modifications, prescription drugs, surgery, and implantable devices, although highlighting the critical need for individualized and personalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid Iqbal
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University Liaoning Provence China; Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Alia Ambreen
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mujahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yusra Zarlashat
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ayesha Yasin
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Liaoning Provence, China
| | | | - Raheel Shahzad
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST-Cibinong, JI Raya Bogor KM46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Putri Widyanti Harlina
- Department of Food Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, 22020, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hassan Ali Almubarak
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao Q, Chen Z, Qi C, Xu S, Ren R, Li W, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for discrimination of hypertensive heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1421013. [PMID: 39156132 PMCID: PMC11327824 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1421013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Differentiating hypertensive heart disease (HHD) from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is crucial yet challenging due to overlapping clinical and morphological features. Recent studies have explored the use of various cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters to distinguish between these conditions, but findings have remained inconclusive. This study aims to identify which CMR parameters effectively discriminate between HHD and HCM and to investigate their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms through a meta-analysis. Methods The researchers conducted a systematic and comprehensive search for all studies that used CMR to discriminate between HHD and HCM and calculated the Hedges'g effect size for each of the included studies, which were then pooled using a random-effects model and tested for the effects of potential influencing variables through subgroup and regression analyses. Results In this review, 26 studies encompassing 1,349 HHD and 1,581 HCM cases were included for meta-analysis. Analysis revealed that HHD showed a significant lower in T1 mapping (g = -0.469, P < 0.001), extracellular volume (g = -0.417, P = 0.024), left ventricular mass index (g = -0.437, P < 0.001), and maximal left ventricular wall thickness (g = -2.076, P < 0.001), alongside a significant higher in end-systolic volume index (g = 0.993, P < 0.001) and end-diastolic volume index (g = 0.553, P < 0.001), compared to HCM. Conclusion This study clearly demonstrates that CMR parameters can effectively differentiate between HHD and HCM. HHD is characterized by significantly lower diffuse interstitial fibrosis and myocardial hypertrophy, along with better-preserved diastolic function but lower systolic function, compared to HCM. The findings highlight the need for standardized CMR protocols, considering the significant influence of MRI machine vendors, post-processing software, and study regions on diagnostic parameters. These insights are crucial for improving diagnostic accuracy and optimizing treatment strategies for patients with HHD and HCM. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023470557, PROSPERO (CRD42023470557).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Mukhopadhyay S, Dixit P, Khanom N, Sanghera G, McGurk KA. The Genetic Factors Influencing Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure across the Allele Frequency Spectrum. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s12265-024-10520-y. [PMID: 38771459 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Understanding the genetic basis of HF allows for the development of disease-modifying therapies, more appropriate risk stratification, and personalised management of patients. The advent of next-generation sequencing has enabled genome-wide association studies; moving beyond rare variants identified in a Mendelian fashion and detecting common DNA variants associated with disease. We summarise the latest GWAS and rare variant data on mixed and refined HF aetiologies, and cardiomyopathies. We describe the recent understanding of the functional impact of titin variants and highlight FHOD3 as a novel cardiomyopathy-associated gene. We describe future directions of research in this field and how genetic data can be leveraged to improve the care of patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinjay Mukhopadhyay
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, LMS Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Prithvi Dixit
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, LMS Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Najiyah Khanom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, LMS Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Gianluca Sanghera
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, LMS Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Kathryn A McGurk
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, LMS Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK.
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Zhang ML, Li HB, Jin Y. Application and perspective of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology in human diseases modeling and gene therapy. Front Genet 2024; 15:1364742. [PMID: 38666293 PMCID: PMC11043577 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1364742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) mediated Cas9 nuclease system has been extensively used for genome editing and gene modification in eukaryotic cells. CRISPR/Cas9 technology holds great potential for various applications, including the correction of genetic defects or mutations within the human genome. The application of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system in human disease research is anticipated to solve a multitude of intricate molecular biology challenges encountered in life science research. Here, we review the fundamental principles underlying CRISPR/Cas9 technology and its recent application in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune related diseases, and cancer, focusing on the disease modeling and gene therapy potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in these diseases. Finally, we provide an overview of the limitations and future prospects associated with employing CRISPR/Cas9 technology for diseases study and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ling Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hong-Bin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Liang J, Kazmierczak K, Veerasammy M, Yadav S, Takeuchi L, Kanashiro-Takeuchi R, Szczesna-Cordary D. Mechanistic basis for rescuing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38494592 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of the phosphomimetic (Ser15 → Asp15) myosin regulatory light chain (S15D-RLC) on the Super-Relaxed (SRX) state of myosin using previously characterized transgenic (Tg) S15D-D166V rescue mice, comparing them to the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Tg-D166V model and wild-type (WT) RLC mice. In the Tg-D166V model, we observed a disruption of the SRX state, resulting in a transition from SRX to DRX (Disordered Relaxed) state, which explains the hypercontractility of D166V-mutated myosin motors. The presence of the S15D moiety in Tg-S15D-D166V mice restored the SRX/DRX balance to levels comparable to Tg-WT, thus mitigating the hypercontractile behavior associated with the HCM-D166V mutation. Additionally, we investigated the impact of delivering the S15D-RLC molecule to the hearts of Tg-D166V mice via adeno-associated virus (AAV9) and compared their condition to AAV9-empty vector-injected or non-injected Tg-D166V animals. Tg-D166V mice injected with AAV9 S15D-RLC exhibited a significantly higher proportion of myosin heads in the SRX state compared to those injected with AAV9 empty vector or left non-injected. No significant effect was observed in Tg-WT hearts treated similarly. These findings suggest that AAV9-delivered phosphomimetic S15D-RLC modality mitigates the abnormal Tg-D166V phenotype without impacting the normal function of Tg-WT hearts. Global longitudinal strain analysis supported these observations, indicating that the S15D moiety can alleviate the HCM-D166V phenotype by restoring SRX stability and the SRX ↔ DRX equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Melanie Veerasammy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sunil Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lauro Takeuchi
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rosemeire Kanashiro-Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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7
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Heeley DH, Belknap B, Atherton JL, Hasan SC, White HD. Effect of the N-terminal extension in myosin essential light chain A1 on the mechanism of actomyosin ATP hydrolysis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105521. [PMID: 38042484 PMCID: PMC10777021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin essential light chains A1 and A2 are identical isoforms except for an extension of ∼40 amino acids at the N terminus of A1 that binds F-actin. The extension has no bearing on the burst hydrolysis rate (M-ATP → M-ADP-Pi) as determined by chemical quench flow (100 μM isoenzyme). Whereas actomyosin-S1A2 steady state MgATPase (low ionic strength, 20 °C) is hyperbolically dependent on concentration: Vmax 7.6 s-1, Kapp 6.4 μM (F-actin) and Vmax 10.1 s-1, Kapp 5.5 μM (native thin filaments, pCa 4), the relationship for myosin-S1A1 is bimodal; an initial rise at low concentration followed by a decline to one-third the Vmax of S1A2, indicative of more than one rate-limiting step and A1-enforced flux through the slower actomyosin-limited hydrolysis pathway. In double-mixing stopped-flow with an indicator, Ca(II)-mediated activation of Pi dissociation (regulatedAM-ADP-Pi → regulatedAM-ADP + Pi) is attenuated by A1 attachment to thin filaments (pCa 4). The maximum accelerated rates of Pi dissociation are: 81 s-1 (S1A1, Kapp 8.9 μM) versus 129 s-1 (S1A2, Kapp 58 μM). To investigate apomyosin-S1-mediated activation, thin filaments (EGTA) are premixed with a given isomyosin-S1 and double-mixing is repeated with myosin-S1A1 in the first mix. Similar maximum rates of Pi dissociation are observed, 44.5 s-1 (S1A1) and 47.1 s-1 (S1A2), which are lower than for Ca(II) activation. Overall, these results biochemically demonstrate how the longer light chain A1 can contribute to slower contraction and higher force and the shorter version A2 to faster contraction and lower force, consistent with their distribution in different types of striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Heeley
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
| | - Betty Belknap
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer L Atherton
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephanie C Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Howard D White
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Tikunova SB, Thuma J, Davis JP. Mouse Models of Cardiomyopathies Caused by Mutations in Troponin C. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12349. [PMID: 37569724 PMCID: PMC10419064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac muscle contraction is regulated via Ca2+ exchange with the hetero-trimeric troponin complex located on the thin filament. Binding of Ca2+ to cardiac troponin C, a Ca2+ sensing subunit within the troponin complex, results in a series of conformational re-arrangements among the thin filament components, leading to an increase in the formation of actomyosin cross-bridges and muscle contraction. Ultimately, a decline in intracellular Ca2+ leads to the dissociation of Ca2+ from troponin C, inhibiting cross-bridge cycling and initiating muscle relaxation. Therefore, troponin C plays a crucial role in the regulation of cardiac muscle contraction and relaxation. Naturally occurring and engineered mutations in troponin C can lead to altered interactions among components of the thin filament and to aberrant Ca2+ binding and exchange with the thin filament. Mutations in troponin C have been associated with various forms of cardiac disease, including hypertrophic, restrictive, dilated, and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathies. Despite progress made to date, more information from human studies, biophysical characterizations, and animal models is required for a clearer understanding of disease drivers that lead to cardiomyopathies. The unique use of engineered cardiac troponin C with the L48Q mutation that had been thoroughly characterized and genetically introduced into mouse myocardium clearly demonstrates that Ca2+ sensitization in and of itself should not necessarily be considered a disease driver. This opens the door for small molecule and protein engineering strategies to help boost impaired systolic function. On the other hand, the engineered troponin C mutants (I61Q and D73N), genetically introduced into mouse myocardium, demonstrate that Ca2+ desensitization under basal conditions may be a driving factor for dilated cardiomyopathy. In addition to enhancing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms that trigger hypertrophy, dilation, morbidity, and mortality, these cardiomyopathy mouse models could be used to test novel treatment strategies for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will discuss (1) the various ways mutations in cardiac troponin C might lead to disease; (2) relevant data on mutations in cardiac troponin C linked to human disease, and (3) all currently existing mouse models containing cardiac troponin C mutations (disease-associated and engineered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana B. Tikunova
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (J.P.D.)
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Grinzato A, Auguin D, Kikuti C, Nandwani N, Moussaoui D, Pathak D, Kandiah E, Ruppel KM, Spudich JA, Houdusse A, Robert-Paganin J. Cryo-EM structure of the folded-back state of human β-cardiac myosin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.15.536999. [PMID: 37131793 PMCID: PMC10153137 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.15.536999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During normal levels of exertion, many cardiac muscle myosin heads are sequestered in an off-state even during systolic contraction to save energy and for precise regulation. They can be converted to an on-state when exertion is increased. Hypercontractility caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) myosin mutations is often the result of shifting the equilibrium toward more heads in the on-state. The off-state is equated with a folded-back structure known as the interacting head motif (IHM), which is a regulatory feature of all muscle myosins and class-2 non-muscle myosins. We report here the human β-cardiac myosin IHM structure to 3.6 Å resolution. The structure shows that the interfaces are hot spots of HCM mutations and reveals details of the significant interactions. Importantly, the structures of cardiac and smooth muscle myosin IHMs are dramatically different. This challenges the concept that the IHM structure is conserved in all muscle types and opens new perspectives in the understanding of muscle physiology. The cardiac IHM structure has been the missing puzzle piece to fully understand the development of inherited cardiomyopathies. This work will pave the way for the development of new molecules able to stabilize or destabilize the IHM in a personalized medicine approach. *This manuscript was submitted to Nature Communications in August 2022 and dealt efficiently by the editors. All reviewers received this version of the manuscript before 9 208 August 2022. They also received coordinates and maps of our high resolution structure on the 18 208 August 2022. Due to slowness of at least one reviewer, this contribution was delayed for acceptance by Nature Communications and we are now depositing in bioRxiv the originally submitted version written in July 2022 for everyone to see. Indeed, two bioRxiv contributions at lower resolution but adding similar concepts on thick filament regulation were deposited this week in bioRxiv, one of the contributions having had access to our coordinates. We hope that our data at high resolution will be helpful for all readers that appreciate that high resolution information is required to build accurate atomic models and discuss implications for sarcomere regulation and the effects of cardiomyopathy mutations on heart muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Grinzato
- CM01 beamline. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Auguin
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, F-75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, INRA-USC1328, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Carlos Kikuti
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Neha Nandwani
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dihia Moussaoui
- BM29 BIOSAXS beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Divya Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eaazhisai Kandiah
- CM01 beamline. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Kathleen M. Ruppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - James A. Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Julien Robert-Paganin
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, F-75005 Paris, France
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10
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Ponzoni M, Coles JG, Maynes JT. Rodent Models of Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure for Translational Investigations and Therapeutic Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043162. [PMID: 36834573 PMCID: PMC9963155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Even with modern therapy, patients with heart failure only have a 50% five-year survival rate. To improve the development of new therapeutic strategies, preclinical models of disease are needed to properly emulate the human condition. Determining the most appropriate model represents the first key step for reliable and translatable experimental research. Rodent models of heart failure provide a strategic compromise between human in vivo similarity and the ability to perform a larger number of experiments and explore many therapeutic candidates. We herein review the currently available rodent models of heart failure, summarizing their physiopathological basis, the timeline of the development of ventricular failure, and their specific clinical features. In order to facilitate the future planning of investigations in the field of heart failure, a detailed overview of the advantages and possible drawbacks of each model is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ponzoni
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - John G. Coles
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.G.C.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Jason T. Maynes
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E2, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.G.C.); (J.T.M.)
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11
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Yampolskaya DS, Kopylova GV, Shchepkin DV, Bershitsky SY, Matyushenko AM, Levitsky DI. Properties of Cardiac Myosin with Cardiomyopathic Mutations in Essential Light Chains. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1260-1267. [PMID: 36509720 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cardiomyopathic mutations E56G, M149V, and E177G in the MYL3 gene encoding essential light chain of human ventricular myosin (ELCv), on the functional properties of cardiac myosin and its isolated head (myosin subfragment 1, S1) were investigated. Only the M149V mutation upregulated the actin-activated ATPase activity of S1. All mutations significantly increased the Ca2+-sensitivity of the sliding velocity of thin filaments on the surface with immobilized myosin in the in vitro motility assay, while mutations E56G and M149V (but not E177G) reduced the sliding velocity of regulated thin filaments and F-actin filaments almost twice. Therefore, despite the fact that all studied mutations in ELCv are involved in the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the mechanisms of their influence on the actin-myosin interaction are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S Yampolskaya
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Galina V Kopylova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620049, Russia
| | - Daniil V Shchepkin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620049, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Bershitsky
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620049, Russia
| | - Alexander M Matyushenko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Dmitrii I Levitsky
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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12
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Mechanisms of the modulation of actin-myosin interactions by A1-type myosin light chains. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130132. [PMID: 35307509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of N-terminal extension of the myosin A1 essential light chain (A1 ELC) with actin is receiving increasing attention as a target in utilizing synthetic A1 ELC N-terminal-derived peptides in cardiac dysfunction therapy. METHODS To elucidate the mechanism by which these peptides regulate actin-myosin interaction, here we have investigated their effects on the myosin subfragment 1 (S1)-induced polymerization of G-actin. RESULTS The MLCFpep and MLCSpep peptides spanning the 3-12 of A1 ELC sequences from fast and slow skeletal muscle, respectively, increased the rate of actin polymerization not only by S1(A2) but also the rate of S1(A1)-induced actin polymerization, suggesting that they did not interfere with the direct binding of A1 ELC with actin. The efficiency of actin polymerization in the presence of the N-terminal ELC peptides depended on their sequence. Substitution of aspartic acid for neutral asparagine at position 5 of MLCFpep dramatically enhanced its ability to stimulate S1-induced polymerization and enabled it to initiate polymerization of G-actin in the absence of S1. CONCLUSIONS These and other results presented in this work suggest that the modulation of myosin motor activity by N-terminal ELC peptides is exerted through a change in actin filament conformation rather than through blocking the A1 ELC-actin interaction. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results imply the possibility of enhancing therapeutic effects of these peptides by modifications of their sequence.
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13
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Molecular basis of force-pCa relation in MYL2 cardiomyopathy mice: Role of the super-relaxed state of myosin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2110328119. [PMID: 35177471 PMCID: PMC8872785 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110328119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many forms of cardiomyopathy manifest with changes in sarcomeric structure, function, and energetics. We used small-angle X-ray diffraction and myosin super-relaxed (SRX) state approaches to investigate the mechanisms underlying the clinical phenotypes associated with HCM-related D166V (aspartate-to-valine) and DCM-linked D94A (aspartate-to-alanine) mutations in the cardiac myosin RLC (MYL2 gene). Modulation of myosin function through dysregulation of the SRX state was closely coupled with structural rearrangements and the Ca2+ dependence of force development in HCM–D166V mice. The DCM–D94A model favored the SRX state without altering structure/force–pCa relationships. Understanding the regulation of SRX ↔ DRX equilibrium in the normal heart and how it is changed in heart disease may advance future therapeutics of patients suffering from the mutated MYL2 gene. In this study, we investigated the role of the super-relaxed (SRX) state of myosin in the structure–function relationship of sarcomeres in the hearts of mouse models of cardiomyopathy-bearing mutations in the human ventricular regulatory light chain (RLC, MYL2 gene). Skinned papillary muscles from hypertrophic (HCM–D166V) and dilated (DCM–D94A) cardiomyopathy models were subjected to small-angle X-ray diffraction simultaneously with isometric force measurements to obtain the interfilament lattice spacing and equatorial intensity ratios (I11/I10) together with the force-pCa relationship over a full range of [Ca2+] and at a sarcomere length of 2.1 μm. In parallel, we studied the effect of mutations on the ATP-dependent myosin energetic states. Compared with wild-type (WT) and DCM–D94A mice, HCM–D166V significantly increased the Ca2+ sensitivity of force and left shifted the I11/I10-pCa relationship, indicating an apparent movement of HCM–D166V cross-bridges closer to actin-containing thin filaments, thereby allowing for their premature Ca2+ activation. The HCM–D166V model also disrupted the SRX state and promoted an SRX-to-DRX (super-relaxed to disordered relaxed) transition that correlated with an HCM-linked phenotype of hypercontractility. While this dysregulation of SRX ↔ DRX equilibrium was consistent with repositioning of myosin motors closer to the thin filaments and with increased force-pCa dependence for HCM–D166V, the DCM–D94A model favored the energy-conserving SRX state, but the structure/function–pCa data were similar to WT. Our results suggest that the mutation-induced redistribution of myosin energetic states is one of the key mechanisms contributing to the development of complex clinical phenotypes associated with human HCM–D166V and DCM–D94A mutations.
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14
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Vriz O, AlSergani H, Elshaer AN, Shaik A, Mushtaq AH, Lioncino M, Alamro B, Monda E, Caiazza M, Mauro C, Bossone E, Al-Hassnan ZN, Albert-Brotons D, Limongelli G. A complex unit for a complex disease: the HCM-Family Unit. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2021; 92. [PMID: 34964577 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2021.2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a group of heterogeneous disorders that are most commonly passed on in a heritable manner. It is a relatively rare disease around the globe, but due to increased rates of consanguinity within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we speculate a high incidence of undiagnosed cases. The aim of this paper is to elucidate a systematic approach in dealing with HCM patients and since HCM has variable presentation, we have summarized differentials for diagnosis and how different subtypes and genes can have an impact on the clinical picture, management and prognosis. Moreover, we propose a referral multi-disciplinary team HCM-Family Unit in Saudi Arabia and an integrated role in a network between King Faisal Hospital and Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit-Monaldi Hospital, Italy (among the 24 excellence centers of the European Reference Network (ERN) GUARD-Heart). Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vriz
- Department of Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | - Hani AlSergani
- Department of Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | | | | | | | - Michele Lioncino
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples.
| | - Bandar Alamro
- Department of Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | - Emanuele Monda
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples.
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples.
| | - Ciro Mauro
- Department of Cardiology, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples.
| | | | - Zuhair N Al-Hassnan
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program and Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh.
| | - Dimpna Albert-Brotons
- Department of Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples.
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15
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Sitbon YH, Diaz F, Kazmierczak K, Liang J, Wangpaichitr M, Szczesna-Cordary D. Cardiomyopathic mutations in essential light chain reveal mechanisms regulating the super relaxed state of myosin. THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 153:212172. [PMID: 34014247 PMCID: PMC8142263 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the super relaxed (SRX) state of myosin and sarcomeric protein phosphorylation in two pathological models of cardiomyopathy and in a near-physiological model of cardiac hypertrophy. The cardiomyopathy models differ in disease progression and severity and express the hypertrophic (HCM-A57G) or restrictive (RCM-E143K) mutations in the human ventricular myosin essential light chain (ELC), which is encoded by the MYL3 gene. Their effects were compared with near-physiological heart remodeling, represented by the N-terminally truncated ELC (Δ43 ELC mice), and with nonmutated human ventricular WT-ELC mice. The HCM-A57G and RCM-E143K mutations had antagonistic effects on the ATP-dependent myosin energetic states, with HCM-A57G cross-bridges fostering the disordered relaxed (DRX) state and the RCM-E143K model favoring the energy-conserving SRX state. The HCM-A57G model promoted the switch from the SRX to DRX state and showed an ∼40% increase in myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation compared with the RLC of normal WT-ELC myocardium. On the contrary, the RCM-E143K–associated stabilization of the SRX state was accompanied by an approximately twofold lower level of myosin RLC phosphorylation compared with the RLC of WT-ELC. Upregulation of RLC phosphorylation was also observed in Δ43 versus WT-ELC hearts, and the Δ43 myosin favored the energy-saving SRX conformation. The two disease variants also differently affected the duration of force transients, with shorter (HCM-A57G) or longer (RCM-E143K) transients measured in electrically stimulated papillary muscles from these pathological models, while no changes were displayed by Δ43 fibers. We propose that the N terminus of ELC (N-ELC), which is missing in the hearts of Δ43 mice, works as an energetic switch promoting the SRX-to-DRX transition and contributing to the regulation of myosin RLC phosphorylation in full-length ELC mice by facilitating or sterically blocking RLC phosphorylation in HCM-A57G and RCM-E143K hearts, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel H Sitbon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Francisca Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jingsheng Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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16
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Rasicci DV, Kirkland O, Moonschi FH, Wood NB, Szczesna-Cordary D, Previs MJ, Wenk JF, Campbell KS, Yengo CM. Impact of regulatory light chain mutation K104E on the ATPase and motor properties of cardiac myosin. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:212025. [PMID: 33891674 PMCID: PMC8077168 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cardiac myosin regulatory light chain (RLC, MYL2 gene) are known to cause inherited cardiomyopathies with variable phenotypes. In this study, we investigated the impact of a mutation in the RLC (K104E) that is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Previously in a mouse model of K104E, older animals were found to develop cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction, suggesting a slow development of HCM. However, variable penetrance of the mutation in human populations suggests that the impact of K104E may be subtle. Therefore, we generated human cardiac myosin subfragment-1 (M2β-S1) and exchanged on either the wild type (WT) or K104E human ventricular RLC in order to assess the impact of the mutation on the mechanochemical properties of cardiac myosin. The maximum actin-activated ATPase activity and actin sliding velocities in the in vitro motility assay were similar in M2β-S1 WT and K104E, as were the detachment kinetic parameters, including the rate of ATP-induced dissociation and the ADP release rate constant. We also examined the mechanical performance of α-cardiac myosin extracted from transgenic (Tg) mice expressing human wild type RLC (Tg WT) or mutant RLC (Tg K104E). We found that α-cardiac myosin from Tg K104E animals demonstrated enhanced actin sliding velocities in the motility assay compared with its Tg WT counterpart. Furthermore, the degree of incorporation of the mutant RLC into α-cardiac myosin in the transgenic animals was significantly reduced compared with wild type. Therefore, we conclude that the impact of the K104E mutation depends on either the length or the isoform of the myosin heavy chain backbone and that the mutation may disrupt RLC interactions with the myosin lever arm domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Rasicci
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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17
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Tamamitsu AM, Nakagama Y, Domoto Y, Yoshida K, Ogawa S, Hirono K, Shindo T, Ogawa Y, Nakano K, Asakai H, Hirata Y, Matsui H, Inuzuka R. Poor Myocardial Compaction in a Patient with Recessive MYL2 Myopathy. Int Heart J 2021; 62:445-447. [PMID: 33731536 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recessive mutations in the Myosin regulatory light chain 2 (MYL2) gene are the cause of an infantile-onset myopathy, associated with fatal myocardial disease of variable macromorphology. We here present the first Japanese family affected with recessive MYL2 myopathy. Affected siblings manifested typical features and the proband's autopsy findings were compatible with the diagnosis of noncompaction cardiomyopathy. The rapidly progressive clinical course of this recessive MYL2 cardiomyopathy highlights the crucial role of c-terminal tails in MYL2 protein in maintaining cardiac morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Nakagama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University
| | - Yukako Domoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Keiichi Hirono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Takahiro Shindo
- Division of Cardiology, National Center for Child Health and Development
| | - Yosuke Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Katsutoshi Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroko Asakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoichiro Hirata
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Hikoro Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ryo Inuzuka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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18
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Zhang J, Wang L, Kazmierczak K, Yun H, Szczesna-Cordary D, Kawai M. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated E22K mutation in myosin regulatory light chain decreases calcium-activated tension and stiffness and reduces myofilament Ca 2+ sensitivity. FEBS J 2021; 288:4596-4613. [PMID: 33548158 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms associated with E22K mutation in myosin regulatory light chain (RLC), found to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in humans and mice. Specifically, we characterized the mechanical profiles of papillary muscle fibers from transgenic mice expressing human ventricular RLC wild-type (Tg-WT) or E22K mutation (Tg-E22K). Because the two mouse models expressed different amounts of transgene, the B6SJL mouse line (NTg) was used as an additional control. Mechanical experiments were carried out on Ca2+ - and ATP-activated fibers and in rigor. Sinusoidal analysis was performed to elucidate the effect of E22K on tension and stiffness during activation/rigor, tension-pCa, and myosin cross-bridge (CB) kinetics. We found significant reductions in active tension (by 54%) and stiffness (active by 40% and rigor by 54%). A decrease in the Ca2+ sensitivity of tension (by ∆pCa ~ 0.1) was observed in Tg-E22K compared with Tg-WT fibers. The apparent (=measured) rate constant of exponential process B (2πb: force generation step) was not affected by E22K, but the apparent rate constant of exponential process C (2πc: CB detachment step) was faster in Tg-E22K compared with Tg-WT fibers. Both 2πb and 2πc were smaller in NTg than in Tg-WT fibers, suggesting a kinetic difference between the human and mouse RLC. Our results of E22K-induced reduction in myofilament stiffness and tension suggest that the main effect of this mutation was to disturb the interaction of RLC with the myosin heavy chain and impose structural abnormalities in the lever arm of myosin CB. When placed in vivo, the E22K mutation is expected to result in reduced contractility and decreased cardiac output whereby leading to HCM. SUB-DISCIPLINE Bioenergetics. DATABASE The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request. ANIMAL PROTOCOL BK20150353 (Soochow University). RESEARCH GOVERNANCE School of Nursing: Hua-Gang Hu: seuboyh@163.com; Soochow University: Chen Ge chge@suda.edu.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Hang Yun
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Masataka Kawai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, IA, USA
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19
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Awinda PO, Watanabe M, Bishaw Y, Huckabee AM, Agonias KB, Kazmierczak K, Szczesna-Cordary D, Tanner BCW. Mavacamten decreases maximal force and Ca 2+ sensitivity in the N47K-myosin regulatory light chain mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H881-H890. [PMID: 33337957 PMCID: PMC8082789 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00345.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality associated with heart disease is a growing threat to the global population, and novel therapies are needed. Mavacamten (formerly called MYK-461) is a small molecule that binds to cardiac myosin and inhibits myosin ATPase. Mavacamten is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and it may provide benefits for treating other forms of heart disease. We investigated the effect of mavacamten on cardiac muscle contraction in two transgenic mouse lines expressing the human isoform of cardiac myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) in their hearts. Control mice expressed wild-type RLC (WT-RLC), and HCM mice expressed the N47K RLC mutation. In the absence of mavacamten, skinned papillary muscle strips from WT-RLC mice produced greater isometric force than strips from N47K mice. Adding 0.3 µM mavacamten decreased maximal isometric force and reduced Ca2+ sensitivity of contraction for both genotypes, but this reduction in pCa50 was nearly twice as large for WT-RLC versus N47K. We also used stochastic length-perturbation analysis to characterize cross-bridge kinetics. The cross-bridge detachment rate was measured as a function of [MgATP] to determine the effect of mavacamten on myosin nucleotide handling rates. Mavacamten increased the MgADP release and MgATP binding rates for both genotypes, thereby contributing to faster cross-bridge detachment, which could speed up myocardial relaxation during diastole. Our data suggest that mavacamten reduces isometric tension and Ca2+ sensitivity of contraction via decreased strong cross-bridge binding. Mavacamten may become a useful therapy for patients with heart disease, including some forms of HCM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mavacamten is a pharmaceutical that binds to myosin, and it is under investigation as a therapy for some forms of heart disease. We show that mavacamten reduces isometric tension and Ca2+ sensitivity of contraction in skinned myocardial strips from a mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that expresses the N47K mutation in cardiac myosin regulatory light chain. Mavacamten reduces contractility by decreasing strong cross-bridge binding, partially due to faster cross-bridge nucleotide handling rates that speed up myosin detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Awinda
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Marissa Watanabe
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Yemeserach Bishaw
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Anna M Huckabee
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Keinan B Agonias
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Bertrand C W Tanner
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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20
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Autosomal recessive cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death associated with variants in MYL3. Genet Med 2020; 23:787-792. [PMID: 33288880 PMCID: PMC8026398 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-01028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Variants in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins are the most common cause of inherited cardiomyopathies. However, the underlying genetic cause remains unknown in many cases. We used exome sequencing to reveal the genetic etiology in patients with recessive familial cardiomyopathy. Methods Exome sequencing was carried out in three consanguineous families. Functional assessment of the variants was performed. Results Affected individuals presented with hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy of variable severity from infantile- to early adulthood–onset and sudden cardiac death. We identified a homozygous missense substitution (c.170C>A, p.[Ala57Asp]), a homozygous translation stop codon variant (c.106G>T, p.[Glu36Ter]), and a presumable homozygous essential splice acceptor variant (c.482-1G>A, predicted to result in skipping of exon 5). Morpholino knockdown of the MYL3 orthologue in zebrafish, cmlc1, resulted in compromised cardiac function, which could not be rescued by reintroduction of MYL3 carrying either the nonsense c.106G>T or the missense c.170C>A variants. Minigene assay of the c.482-1G>A variant indicated a splicing defect likely resulting in disruption of the EF-hand Ca2+ binding domains. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that homozygous MYL3 loss-of-function variants can cause of recessive cardiomyopathy and occurrence of sudden cardiac death, most likely due to impaired or loss of myosin essential light chain function.
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21
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Sitbon YH, Yadav S, Kazmierczak K, Szczesna-Cordary D. Insights into myosin regulatory and essential light chains: a focus on their roles in cardiac and skeletal muscle function, development and disease. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2020; 41:313-327. [PMID: 31131433 PMCID: PMC6879809 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The activity of cardiac and skeletal muscles depends upon the ATP-coupled actin-myosin interactions to execute the power stroke and muscle contraction. The goal of this review article is to provide insight into the function of myosin II, the molecular motor of the heart and skeletal muscles, with a special focus on the role of myosin II light chain (MLC) components. Specifically, we focus on the involvement of myosin regulatory (RLC) and essential (ELC) light chains in striated muscle development, isoform appearance and their function in normal and diseased muscle. We review the consequences of isoform switching and knockout of specific MLC isoforms on cardiac and skeletal muscle function in various animal models. Finally, we discuss how dysregulation of specific RLC/ELC isoforms can lead to cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases and summarize the effects of most studied mutations leading to cardiac or skeletal myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel H Sitbon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sunil Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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22
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Williams JL, Paudyal A, Awad S, Nicholson J, Grzesik D, Botta J, Meimaridou E, Maharaj AV, Stewart M, Tinker A, Cox RD, Metherell LA. Mylk3 null C57BL/6N mice develop cardiomyopathy, whereas Nnt null C57BL/6J mice do not. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/4/e201900593. [PMID: 32213617 PMCID: PMC7103425 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice have well-documented phenotypic and genotypic differences, including the infamous nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) null mutation in the C57BL/6J substrain, which has been linked to cardiovascular traits in mice and cardiomyopathy in humans. To assess whether Nnt loss alone causes a cardiovascular phenotype, we investigated the C57BL/6N, C57BL/6J mice and a C57BL/6J-BAC transgenic rescuing NNT expression, at 3, 12, and 18 mo. We identified a modest dilated cardiomyopathy in the C57BL/6N mice, absent in the two B6J substrains. Immunofluorescent staining of cardiomyocytes revealed eccentric hypertrophy in these mice, with defects in sarcomere organisation. RNAseq analysis identified differential expression of a number of cardiac remodelling genes commonly associated with cardiac disease segregating with the phenotype. Variant calling from RNAseq data identified a myosin light chain kinase 3 (Mylk3) mutation in C57BL/6N mice, which abolishes MYLK3 protein expression. These results indicate the C57BL/6J Nnt-null mice do not develop cardiomyopathy; however, we identified a null mutation in Mylk3 as a credible cause of the cardiomyopathy phenotype in the C57BL/6N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Williams
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anju Paudyal
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sherine Awad
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James Nicholson
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dominika Grzesik
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joaquin Botta
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eirini Meimaridou
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Avinaash V Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Stewart
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Andrew Tinker
- William Harvey Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Roger D Cox
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Lou A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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23
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Li CJ, Chen CS, Yiang GT, Tsai APY, Liao WT, Wu MY. Advanced Evolution of Pathogenesis Concepts in Cardiomyopathies. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040520. [PMID: 30995779 PMCID: PMC6518034 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a group of heterogeneous cardiac diseases that impair systolic and diastolic function, and can induce chronic heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Cardiomyopathy is prevalent in the general population, with high morbidity and mortality rates, and contributes to nearly 20% of sudden cardiac deaths in younger individuals. Genetic mutations associated with cardiomyopathy play a key role in disease formation, especially the mutation of sarcomere encoding genes and ATP kinase genes, such as titin, lamin A/C, myosin heavy chain 7, and troponin T1. Pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy occurs by multiple complex steps involving several pathways, including the Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-activated kinase pathway, G-protein signaling, mechanotransduction pathway, and protein kinase B/phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. Excess biomechanical stress induces apoptosis signaling in cardiomyocytes, leading to cell loss, which can induce myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. The clinical features and pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy are discussed. Although several basic and clinical studies have investigated the mechanism of cardiomyopathy, the detailed pathophysiology remains unclear. This review summarizes current concepts and focuses on the molecular mechanisms of cardiomyopathy, especially in the signaling from mutation to clinical phenotype, with the aim of informing the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Andy Po-Yi Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ting Liao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Department, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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