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Wang W, Wang Z, Meng Z, Jiang S, Liu Z, Zhu HY, Li XD, Zhang JT, Li W. Platycodin D Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes-Induced Myocardial Injury by Activating the AMPK Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10339-10354. [PMID: 38682702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of pharmacological intervention with Platycodin D (PD), a critically active compound isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum, in mitigating cardiotoxicity in a murine model of type 2 diabetes-induced cardiac injury and in H9c2 cells in vitro. Following oral administration for 4 weeks, PD (2.5 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the elevation of fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, improved dyslipidemia, and effectively inhibited the rise of the cardiac injury markers creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT). PD treatment could ameliorate energy metabolism disorders induced by impaired glucose uptake by activating AMPK protein expression in the DCM mouse model, thereby promoting the GLUT4 transporter and further activating autophagy-related proteins. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that PD exerted a concentration-dependent increase in cell viability while also inhibiting palmitic acid and glucose (HG-PA)-stimulated H9c2 cytotoxicity and activating AMPK protein expression. Notably, the AMPK activator AICAR (1 mM) was observed to upregulate the expression of AMPK in H9c2 cells after high-glucose and -fat exposure. Meanwhile, we used AMPK inhibitor Compound C (20 μM) to investigate the effect of PD activation of AMPK on cells. In addition, the molecular docking approach was employed to dock PD with AMPK, revealing a binding energy of -8.2 kcal/mol and indicating a tight interaction between the components and the target. PD could reduce the expression of autophagy-related protein p62, reduce the accumulation of autophagy products, promote the flow of autophagy, and improve myocardial cell injury. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that PD effectively inhibits cardiac injury-induced type 2 diabetes in mice and enhances energy metabolism in HG-PA-stimulated H9c2 cells by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. These findings collectively unveil the potential cardioprotective effects of PD via modulation of the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhaojie Meng
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 130021, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xin-Dian Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Tian Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Garcia CK, Gambino BJ, Robinson GP, Rua MT, Alzahrani JM, Clanton TL. Delayed metabolic disturbances in the myocardium after exertional heat stroke: contrasting effects of exertion and thermal load. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1186-1198. [PMID: 37795530 PMCID: PMC10979828 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00372.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies report higher risks of cardiovascular disease in humans exposed to heat stroke earlier in life. Previously, we explored mechanistic links between heat stroke and developing cardiac abnormalities using a preclinical mouse model of exertional heat stroke (EHS). Profound metabolic abnormalities developed in the ventricles of females but not males after 2 wk of recovery. Here we tested whether this lack of response in males could be attributed to the lower exercise performances or reduced thermal loads they experienced with the same running protocol. We systematically altered environmental temperature (Te) during EHS to manipulate heat exposure and exercise performance in the males. Three groups of adult C57BL/6 male mice were studied: "EHS-34" (Te = 34°C), "EHS-41" (Te = 41°C), and "EHS-39.5" (Te = 39.5°C). Mice ran until symptom limitation (unconsciousness), reaching max core temperature (Tc,max). After a 2-wk recovery, the mice were euthanized, and the ventricles were removed for untargeted metabolomics. Results were compared against age-matched nonexercise controls. The EHS-34 mice greatly elevated their exercise performance but reached lower Tc,max and lower thermal loads. The EHS-41 mice exhibited equivalent thermal loads, exercise times, and Tc,max compared with EHS-39.5. The ventricles from EHS-34 mice exhibited the greatest metabolic disturbances in the heart, characterized by shifts toward glucose metabolism, reductions in acylcarnitines, increased amino acid metabolites, elevations in antioxidants, altered TCA cycle flux, and increased xenobiotics. In conclusion, delayed metabolic disturbances following EHS in male myocardium appear to be greatly amplified by higher levels of exertion in the heat, even with lower thermal loads and max core temperatures.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Epidemiological data demonstrate greater cardiovascular risk in patients with previous heat stroke exposure. Using a preclinical mouse model of exertional heat stroke, male mice were exposed to one of three environmental temperatures (Te) during exercise. Paradoxically, after 2 wk, the mice in the lowest Te, exhibiting the largest exercise response and lowest heat load, had the greatest ventricular metabolic disturbances. Metabolic outcomes resemble developing left ventricular hypertrophy or stress-induced heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Garcia
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Bryce J Gambino
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Gerard P Robinson
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Michael T Rua
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Jamal M Alzahrani
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Thomas L Clanton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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Vanni E, Lindner K, Gavin AC, Montessuit C. Differential intracellular management of fatty acids impacts on metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14805. [PMID: 37684349 PMCID: PMC10491837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of glucose uptake in response to ischemic metabolic stress is important for cardiomyocyte function and survival. Chronic exposure of cardiomyocytes to fatty acids (FA) impairs the stimulation of glucose uptake, whereas induction of lipid droplets (LD) is associated with preserved glucose uptake. However, the mechanisms by which LD induction prevents glucose uptake impairment remain elusive. We induced LD with either tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR). Triacylglycerol biosynthesis enzymes were inhibited in cardiomyocytes exposed to FA ± LD inducers, either upstream (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases; GPAT) or downstream (diacylglycerol acyltransferases; DGAT) of the diacylglycerol step. Although both inhibitions reduced LD formation in cardiomyocytes treated with FA and LD inducers, only DGAT inhibition impaired metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. DGAT inhibition in FA plus TPA-treated cardiomyocytes reduced triacylglycerol but not diacylglycerol content, thus increasing the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio. In cardiomyocytes exposed to FA alone, GPAT inhibition reduced diacylglycerol but not triacylglycerol, thus decreasing the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio, prevented PKCδ activation and improved metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. Changes in AMP-activated Protein Kinase activity failed to explain variations in metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. Thus, LD formation regulates metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake in a manner best reflected by the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Vanni
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karina Lindner
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Claude Gavin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Montessuit
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Packer M. SGLT2 inhibitors: role in protective reprogramming of cardiac nutrient transport and metabolism. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:443-462. [PMID: 36609604 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce heart failure events by direct action on the failing heart that is independent of changes in renal tubular function. In the failing heart, nutrient transport into cardiomyocytes is increased, but nutrient utilization is impaired, leading to deficient ATP production and the cytosolic accumulation of deleterious glucose and lipid by-products. These by-products trigger downregulation of cytoprotective nutrient-deprivation pathways, thereby promoting cellular stress and undermining cellular survival. SGLT2 inhibitors restore cellular homeostasis through three complementary mechanisms: they might bind directly to nutrient-deprivation and nutrient-surplus sensors to promote their cytoprotective actions; they can increase the synthesis of ATP by promoting mitochondrial health (mediated by increasing autophagic flux) and potentially by alleviating the cytosolic deficiency in ferrous iron; and they might directly inhibit glucose transporter type 1, thereby diminishing the cytosolic accumulation of toxic metabolic by-products and promoting the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. The increase in autophagic flux mediated by SGLT2 inhibitors also promotes the clearance of harmful glucose and lipid by-products and the disposal of dysfunctional mitochondria, allowing for mitochondrial renewal through mitochondrial biogenesis. This Review describes the orchestrated interplay between nutrient transport and metabolism and nutrient-deprivation and nutrient-surplus signalling, to explain how SGLT2 inhibitors reverse the profound nutrient, metabolic and cellular abnormalities observed in heart failure, thereby restoring the myocardium to a healthy molecular and cellular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Tian H, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Xia Z. Abnormalities of glucose and lipid metabolism in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114827. [PMID: 37141734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is a common condition in cardiovascular diseases, and the mechanism of its occurrence involves multiple complex metabolic pathways and signaling pathways. Among these pathways, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism play important roles in regulating myocardial energy metabolism. Therefore, this article focuses on the roles of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, including glycolysis, glucose uptake and transport, glycogen metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway; and triglyceride metabolism, fatty acid uptake and transport, phospholipid metabolism, lipoprotein metabolism, and cholesterol metabolism. Finally, due to the different alterations and development of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, there are also complex interregulatory relationships between them. In the future, modulating the equilibrium between glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in cardiomyocytes and ameliorating aberrations in myocardial energy metabolism represent highly promising novel strategies for addressing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, a comprehensive exploration of glycolipid metabolism can offer novel theoretical and clinical insights into the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
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Tukhovskaya EA, Shaykhutdinova ER, Pakhomova IA, Slashcheva GA, Goryacheva NA, Sadovnikova ES, Rasskazova EA, Kazakov VA, Dyachenko IA, Frolova AA, Brovkin AN, Kaluzhsky VE, Beburov MY, Murashev AN. AICAR Improves Outcomes of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Induced by High-Fat Diet in C57Bl/6 Male Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415719. [PMID: 36555360 PMCID: PMC9778872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of AMP-activated protein kinase activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on the consequences of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes induced by the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) in male C57Bl/6 mice. Additionally, the animals from group 6 were administered Methotrexate (MTX) at a dose of 1 mg/kg in parallel with AICAR, which slows down the metabolism of AICAR. The animals were recorded with signs of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus by recording their body weights, glucose and insulin levels, and the calculating HOMA-IRs. At the end of the study, at the end of the 13th week, during necropsy, the internal organs were assessed, the masses of the organs were recorded, and special attention was paid to visceral fat, assessing its amount and the mass of the fat surrounding epididymis. The biochemical parameters and histology of the internal organs and tissues were assessed. The animals showed signs of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, namely, weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, an increase in the amount and mass of abdominal fat, and metabolic disorders, all expressed in a pathological change in biochemical parameters and pathological changes in internal organs. The AICAR treatment led to a decrease in body weight, a decrease in the amount and mass of abdominal fat, and an improvement in the pathomorphological picture of internal organs. However, some hepatotoxic effects were observed when the animals, on a received standard diet (STD), were treated with AICAR starting from the first day of the study. The additional administration of MTX, an AICAR metabolic inhibitor, did not improve its efficacy. Thus, AICAR has therapeutic potential for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Tukhovskaya
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elvira R. Shaykhutdinova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Pakhomova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gulsara A. Slashcheva
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Goryacheva
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Sadovnikova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Rasskazova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly A. Kazakov
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Dyachenko
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina A. Frolova
- LLC “OKA-BIOTECH”, Novatorov St., d. 34, bldg. 7, apt. 42, 119421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey N. Brovkin
- LLC “OKA-BIOTECH”, Novatorov St., d. 34, bldg. 7, apt. 42, 119421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy E. Kaluzhsky
- LLC “OKA-BIOTECH”, Novatorov St., d. 34, bldg. 7, apt. 42, 119421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu. Beburov
- LLC “OKA-BIOTECH”, Novatorov St., d. 34, bldg. 7, apt. 42, 119421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arkady N. Murashev
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
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Feng X, Song Y, Sun Z, Loor JJ, Jiang Q, Gao C, Liu S, Yang Y, Du X, Wang Z, Liu G, Li X. Palmitic acid hinders extracellular traps of neutrophil from postpartum dairy cow in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8286-8297. [PMID: 35965126 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripartum dairy cows experience negative energy balance, characterized by high concentrations of blood free fatty acids (FFA) and immune dysfunction. Palmitic acid (PA), the most abundant saturated fatty acid in cow blood, is not only an energy precursor, but causes cellular dysfunction when in excess. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) are one of the arsenals of weapons neutrophils use to fight invading pathogens. However, given the marked increase in circulating PA during the peripartum period, it remains to be determined what effect (if any) PA has on NET release. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of PA on NET release and the underlying mechanism in vitro. Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA; 100 ng/mL, 3 h) was used to induce the release of NET in vitro. We isolated neutrophils from the peripheral blood of 5 healthy postpartum dairy cows with similar parity (median = 3, range = 2-4), milk yield (median = 27.84 kg/d per cow, range = 25.79-31.43 kg/d per cow), days in milk (median = 7 d, range = 4-10 d), and serum FFA <0.25 mM, β-hydroxybutyric acid <0.6 mM, and glucose >3.5 mM. Inhibition of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) level, a marker of NET release, in response to PA was used to determine an optimal incubation time and concentration for in vitro experiments. Cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 basic medium without phenol red, treated with 600 μM PA for different times (4, 5, 6, and 7 h) in the presence or absence of PMA. There was a decrease for dsDNA level in the supernatant due to increased duration of PA treatment, with a peak response at 6 h. Thus, 6 h was selected as the challenge time. Then, cells were treated with different concentrations of PA (100, 200, 400, and 600 μM) for 6 h in the presence or absence of PMA. There was a decrease for dsDNA level in the supernatant due to increased dose of PA, with a peak response at 400 μM. Finally, 400 μM PA for 6 h was selected as the treatment for subsequent experiments. Protein abundance of citrullinated histone in the presence or absence of PMA was markedly lower in response to incubation with PA. Morphological observations by laser confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that the ratio of NET-releasing cells decreased in response to incubation with PA. Autophagy is a potential key intermediate process in the regulation of NET by PA. To investigate the effect of PA on autophagy, we used chloroquine to block lysosomal degradation. Exogenous PA led to accumulation of sequestosome-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II, and no further accumulation in the presence of chloroquine, all of which suggested an impairment of autophagic flux. To verify the role of autophagy in NET, we used rapamycin to promote autophagic flux; 100 nM rapamycin attenuated the suppressive effect of PA on NET release indicated by greater dsDNA levels, accumulation of citrullinated histone, and ratio of NET-releasing neutrophils. Overall, these data demonstrate PA inhibits NET release by suppressing autophagic flux, which provides information for understanding the immune dysfunction in postpartum cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Zhen'ai Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Chen Gao
- Experiment Management Center, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong Province, 253000, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
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Sapian S, Taib IS, Latip J, Katas H, Chin KY, Mohd Nor NA, Jubaidi FF, Budin SB. Therapeutic Approach of Flavonoid in Ameliorating Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Targeting Mitochondrial-Induced Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11616. [PMID: 34769045 PMCID: PMC8583796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes cardiomyopathy is one of the key factors of mortality among diabetic patients around the globe. One of the prior contributors to the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy is cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. The cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction can induce oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and was found to be the cause of majority of the heart morphological and dynamical changes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. To slow down the occurrence of diabetic cardiomyopathy, it is crucial to discover therapeutic agents that target mitochondrial-induced oxidative stress. Flavonoid is a plentiful phytochemical in plants that shows a wide range of biological actions against human diseases. Flavonoids have been extensively documented for their ability to protect the heart from diabetic cardiomyopathy. Flavonoids' ability to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy is primarily attributed to their antioxidant properties. In this review, we present the mechanisms involved in flavonoid therapies in ameliorating mitochondrial-induced oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syaifuzah Sapian
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.S.); (I.S.T.); (N.A.M.N.); (F.F.J.)
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.S.); (I.S.T.); (N.A.M.N.); (F.F.J.)
| | - Jalifah Latip
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 46300, Malaysia;
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Anizah Mohd Nor
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.S.); (I.S.T.); (N.A.M.N.); (F.F.J.)
| | - Fatin Farhana Jubaidi
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.S.); (I.S.T.); (N.A.M.N.); (F.F.J.)
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.S.); (I.S.T.); (N.A.M.N.); (F.F.J.)
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9
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Višnjić D, Lalić H, Dembitz V, Tomić B, Smoljo T. AICAr, a Widely Used AMPK Activator with Important AMPK-Independent Effects: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021. [PMID: 34064363 DOI: 10.3390/cellsl0051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) has been one of the most commonly used pharmacological modulators of AMPK activity. The majority of early studies on the role of AMPK, both in the physiological regulation of metabolism and in cancer pathogenesis, were based solely on the use of AICAr as an AMPK-activator. Even with more complex models of AMPK downregulation and knockout being introduced, AICAr remained a regular starting point for many studies focusing on AMPK biology. However, there is an increasing number of studies showing that numerous AICAr effects, previously attributed to AMPK activation, are in fact AMPK-independent. This review aims to give an overview of the present knowledge on AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent effects of AICAr on metabolism, hypoxia, exercise, nucleotide synthesis, and cancer, calling for caution in the interpretation of AICAr-based studies in the context of understanding AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Višnjić
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Lalić
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilma Dembitz
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Tomić
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Smoljo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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AICAr, a Widely Used AMPK Activator with Important AMPK-Independent Effects: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051095. [PMID: 34064363 PMCID: PMC8147799 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) has been one of the most commonly used pharmacological modulators of AMPK activity. The majority of early studies on the role of AMPK, both in the physiological regulation of metabolism and in cancer pathogenesis, were based solely on the use of AICAr as an AMPK-activator. Even with more complex models of AMPK downregulation and knockout being introduced, AICAr remained a regular starting point for many studies focusing on AMPK biology. However, there is an increasing number of studies showing that numerous AICAr effects, previously attributed to AMPK activation, are in fact AMPK-independent. This review aims to give an overview of the present knowledge on AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent effects of AICAr on metabolism, hypoxia, exercise, nucleotide synthesis, and cancer, calling for caution in the interpretation of AICAr-based studies in the context of understanding AMPK signaling pathway.
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11
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Luo YS, Chen Z, Blanchette AD, Zhou YH, Wright FA, Baker ES, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Relationships between constituents of energy drinks and beating parameters in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-Derived cardiomyocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:111979. [PMID: 33450301 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of energy drinks has been associated with adverse cardiovascular effects; however, little is known about the ingredients that may contribute to these effects. We therefore characterized the chemical profiles and in vitro effects of energy drinks and their ingredients on human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes, and identified the putative active ingredients using a multivariate prediction model. Energy drinks from 17 widely-available over-the-counter brands were evaluated in this study. The concentrations of six common ingredients (caffeine, taurine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, adenine, and L-methionine) were quantified by coupling liquid chromatography with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for the acquisition of LC-MS/MS spectra. In addition, untargeted analyses for each beverage were performed with a platform combining LC, ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry (LC-IMS-MS) measurements. Approximately 300 features were observed across samples in the untargeted studies, and of these ~100 were identified. In vitro effects of energy drinks and some of their ingredients were then tested in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Data on the beat rate (positive and negative chronotropy), ion channel function (QT prolongation), and cytotoxicity were collected in a dilution series. We found that some of the energy drinks elicited adverse effects on the cardiomyocytes with the most common being an increase in the beat rate, while QT prolongation was also observed at the lowest concentrations. Finally, concentration addition modeling using quantitative data from the 6 common ingredients and multivariate prediction modeling was used to determine potential ingredients responsible for the adverse effects on the cardiomyocytes. These analyses suggested theophylline, adenine, and azelate as possibly contributing to the in vitro effects of energy drinks on QT prolongation in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Syuan Luo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Zunwei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alexander D Blanchette
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yi-Hui Zhou
- Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Fred A Wright
- Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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12
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Kaludercic N, Di Lisa F. Mitochondrial ROS Formation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:12. [PMID: 32133373 PMCID: PMC7040199 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a result of diabetes-induced changes in the structure and function of the heart. Hyperglycemia affects multiple pathways in the diabetic heart, but excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative stress represent common denominators associated with adverse tissue remodeling. Indeed, key processes underlying cardiac remodeling in diabetes are redox sensitive, including inflammation, organelle dysfunction, alteration in ion homeostasis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, fibrosis, and contractile dysfunction. Extensive experimental evidence supports the involvement of mitochondrial ROS formation in the alterations characterizing the diabetic heart. In this review we will outline the central role of mitochondrial ROS and alterations in the redox status contributing to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We will discuss the role of different sources of ROS involved in this process, with a specific emphasis on mitochondrial ROS producing enzymes within cardiomyocytes. Finally, the therapeutic potential of pharmacological inhibitors of ROS sources within the mitochondria will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kaludercic
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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