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Bechard E, Arel E, Bride J, Louradour J, Bussy X, Elloumi A, Vigor C, Soule P, Oger C, Galano JM, Durand T, Le Guennec JY, Moha-Ou-Maati H, Demion M. Activation of hTREK-1 by polyunsaturated fatty acids involves direct interaction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15244. [PMID: 38956407 PMCID: PMC11220079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
TREK-1 is a mechanosensitive channel activated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Its activation is supposed to be linked to changes in membrane tension following PUFAs insertion. Here, we compared the effect of 11 fatty acids and ML402 on TREK-1 channel activation using the whole cell and the inside-out configurations of the patch-clamp technique. Firstly, TREK-1 activation by PUFAs is variable and related to the variable constitutive activity of TREK-1. We observed no correlation between TREK-1 activation and acyl chain length or number of double bonds suggesting that the bilayer-couple hypothesis cannot explain by itself the activation of TREK-1 by PUFAs. The membrane fluidity measurement is not modified by PUFAs at 10 µM. The spectral shift analysis in TREK-1-enriched microsomes indicates a KD,TREK1 at 44 µM of C22:6 n-3. PUFAs display the same activation and reversible kinetics than the direct activator ML402 and activate TREK-1 in both whole-cell and inside-out configurations of patch-clamp suggesting that the binding site of PUFAs is accessible from both sides of the membrane, as for ML402. Finally, we proposed a two steps mechanism: first, insertion into the membrane, with no fluidity or curvature modifications at 10 µM, and then interaction with TREK-1 channel to open it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bechard
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm U1046, UMR CNRS 9412, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Bâtiment Craste de Paulet, 370 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34290, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Elodie Arel
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm U1046, UMR CNRS 9412, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Bâtiment Craste de Paulet, 370 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34290, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jamie Bride
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm U1046, UMR CNRS 9412, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Bâtiment Craste de Paulet, 370 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34290, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Julien Louradour
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm U1046, UMR CNRS 9412, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Bâtiment Craste de Paulet, 370 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34290, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Xavier Bussy
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm U1046, UMR CNRS 9412, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Bâtiment Craste de Paulet, 370 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34290, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Anis Elloumi
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Camille Oger
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Yves Le Guennec
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm U1046, UMR CNRS 9412, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Bâtiment Craste de Paulet, 370 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34290, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Hamid Moha-Ou-Maati
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5203, Inserm 1191, Montpellier, France
- INM, Inserm U1298, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Demion
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm U1046, UMR CNRS 9412, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Bâtiment Craste de Paulet, 370 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34290, Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
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Song T, Hui W, Huang M, Guo Y, Yu M, Yang X, Liu Y, Chen X. Dynamic Changes in Ion Channels during Myocardial Infarction and Therapeutic Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6467. [PMID: 38928173 PMCID: PMC11203447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In different areas of the heart, action potential waveforms differ due to differences in the expressions of sodium, calcium, and potassium channels. One of the characteristics of myocardial infarction (MI) is an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand, leading to ion imbalance. After MI, the regulation and expression levels of K+, Ca2+, and Na+ ion channels in cardiomyocytes are altered, which affects the regularity of cardiac rhythm and leads to myocardial injury. Myocardial fibroblasts are the main effector cells in the process of MI repair. The ion channels of myocardial fibroblasts play an important role in the process of MI. At the same time, a large number of ion channels are expressed in immune cells, which play an important role by regulating the in- and outflow of ions to complete intracellular signal transduction. Ion channels are widely distributed in a variety of cells and are attractive targets for drug development. This article reviews the changes in different ion channels after MI and the therapeutic drugs for these channels. We analyze the complex molecular mechanisms behind myocardial ion channel regulation and the challenges in ion channel drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenting Hui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Meiyi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (T.S.); (W.H.); (M.H.); (Y.G.); (M.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.)
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Halpage J, DaSilva Pantoja P, Mancarella S. Prolonged tamoxifen-enriched diet is associated with cardiomyopathy and nutritional frailty in mice. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:513-523. [PMID: 38291801 PMCID: PMC10984784 DOI: 10.1113/ep091668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is required for gene recombination in the inducible Cre/lox system. The TAM-enriched diet is considered safe, with negligible impact on animal wellbeing. However, studies reporting the long-term effects of the TAM diet and its potential impact on experimental outcomes are scarce. We conducted a longitudinal study on mice exposed to a 4-week dietary TAM citrate supplementation. Several parameters were recorded, such as body weight, body composition, mortality, and cardiac function. The collagen1a2 (Col1a2) transgenic mouse was used to assess TAM-induced recombination in vivo in cardiac fibroblasts followed by myocardial infarction (MI). The impact of TAM on the MI outcome was also evaluated. The recombination efficiency and cytotoxic effect of the TAM active metabolite, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-OHT), were assessed in vitro. Mice exposed to a TAM diet showed body weight loss and a 10% increase in mortality (P = 0.045). The TAM diet decreased cardiac function and induced cardiac remodeling, indicated by decreased fractional shortening from 32.23% to 19.23% (P = 0.001) and left ventricular (LV) wall thinning. All measured parameters were reversed to normal when mice were returned to a normal diet. Infarcted Col1a2-CreER mice on the TAM regimen showed gene recombination in fibroblasts, but it was associated with a substantial increase in mortality post-surgery (2.5-fold) compared to the controls. In vitro, 4-OHT induced gene editing in fibroblasts; however, cell growth arrest and cytotoxicity were observed at high concentrations. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to the TAM diet can be detrimental and necessitates careful model selection and interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janith Halpage
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Salvatore Mancarella
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
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Herrera-Pérez S, Lamas JA. TREK channels in Mechanotransduction: a Focus on the Cardiovascular System. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1180242. [PMID: 37288256 PMCID: PMC10242076 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1180242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechano-electric feedback is one of the most important subsystems operating in the cardiovascular system, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains rather unknown. Several proteins have been proposed to explain the molecular mechanism of mechano-transduction. Transient receptor potential (TRP) and Piezo channels appear to be the most important candidates to constitute the molecular mechanism behind of the inward current in response to a mechanical stimulus. However, the inhibitory/regulatory processes involving potassium channels that operate on the cardiac system are less well known. TWIK-Related potassium (TREK) channels have emerged as strong candidates due to their capacity for the regulation of the flow of potassium in response to mechanical stimuli. Current data strongly suggest that TREK channels play a role as mechano-transducers in different components of the cardiovascular system, not only at central (heart) but also at peripheral (vascular) level. In this context, this review summarizes and highlights the main existing evidence connecting this important subfamily of potassium channels with the cardiac mechano-transduction process, discussing molecular and biophysical aspects of such a connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Herrera-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
| | - José Antonio Lamas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
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Díaz Del Moral S, Benaouicha M, Villa Del Campo C, Torres M, Wagner N, Wagner KD, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Carmona R. Cardiomyocyte-Specific Wt1 Is Involved in Cardiac Metabolism and Response to Damage. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10050211. [PMID: 37233178 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wilms tumor suppressor gene (Wt1) encodes a C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor that participates in transcriptional regulation, RNA metabolism, and protein-protein interactions. WT1 is involved in the development of several organs, including the kidneys and gonads, heart, spleen, adrenal glands, liver, diaphragm, and neuronal system. We previously provided evidence of transient WT1 expression in about 25% of cardiomyocytes of mouse embryos. Conditional deletion of Wt1 in the cardiac troponin T lineage caused abnormal cardiac development. A low expression of WT1 has also been reported in adult cardiomyocytes. Therefore, we aimed to explore its function in cardiac homeostasis and in the response to pharmacologically induced damage. Silencing of Wt1 in cultured neonatal murine cardiomyocytes provoked alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential and changes in the expression of genes related to calcium homeostasis. Ablation of WT1 in adult cardiomyocytes by crossing αMHCMerCreMer mice with homozygous WT1-floxed mice induced hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, altered metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, conditional deletion of WT1 in adult cardiomyocytes increased doxorubicin-induced damage. These findings suggest a novel role of WT1 in myocardial physiology and protection against damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Díaz Del Moral
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Maha Benaouicha
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Villa Del Campo
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06108 Nice, France
| | | | - Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rita Carmona
- Department of Human Anatomy, Legal Medicine and History of Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Xing C, Bao L, Li W, Fan H. Progress on role of ion channels of cardiac fibroblasts in fibrosis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1138306. [PMID: 36969589 PMCID: PMC10033868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1138306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is defined as excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in pathological conditions. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) activated by injury or inflammation differentiate into myofibroblasts (MFs) with secretory and contractile functions. In the fibrotic heart, MFs produce ECM which is composed mainly of collagen and is initially involved in maintaining tissue integrity. However, persistent fibrosis disrupts the coordination of excitatory contractile coupling, leading to systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and ultimately heart failure. Numerous studies have demonstrated that both voltage- and non-voltage-gated ion channels alter intracellular ion levels and cellular activity, contributing to myofibroblast proliferation, contraction, and secretory function. However, an effective treatment strategy for myocardial fibrosis has not been established. Therefore, this review describes the progress made in research related to transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, Piezo1, Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), sodium channels, and potassium channels in myocardial fibroblasts with the aim of providing new ideas for treating myocardial fibrosis.
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7
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Bechard E, Bride J, Le Guennec JY, Brette F, Demion M. TREK-1 in the heart: Potential physiological and pathophysiological roles. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1095102. [PMID: 36620226 PMCID: PMC9815770 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1095102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The TREK-1 channel belongs to the TREK subfamily of two-pore domains channels that are activated by stretch and polyunsaturated fatty acids and inactivated by Protein Kinase A phosphorylation. The activation of this potassium channel must induce a hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential and a shortening of the action potential duration in neurons and cardiac cells, two phenomena being beneficial for these tissues in pathological situations like ischemia-reperfusion. Surprisingly, the physiological role of TREK-1 in cardiac function has never been thoroughly investigated, very likely because of the lack of a specific inhibitor. However, possible roles have been unraveled in pathological situations such as atrial fibrillation worsened by heart failure, right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia or pulmonary arterial hypertension. The inhomogeneous distribution of TREK-1 channel within the heart reinforces the idea that this stretch-activated potassium channel might play a role in cardiac areas where the mechanical constraints are important and need a particular protection afforded by TREK-1. Consequently, the main purpose of this mini review is to discuss the possible role played by TREK -1 in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and its potential role in mechano-electrical feedback. Improved understanding of the role of TREK-1 in the heart may help the development of promising treatments for challenging cardiac diseases.
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Wang Y, Fu Z, Ma Z, Li N, Shang H. Bepridil, a class IV antiarrhythmic agent, can block the TREK-1 potassium channel. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1123. [PMID: 34430564 PMCID: PMC8350656 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The TWIK-related potassium channel (TREK-1) can be regulated by different stimuli. However, it is not clear whether some antiarrhythmics affect the activity of TREK-1. In the present study, the effect of bepridil on the TREK-1 currents is investigated. Methods In a TREK-1 stably-expressed HEK-293 cell line (HEK-TREK-1), U251MG cells, and isolated mouse ventricular myocytes, the TREK-1 current and action potentials were recorded by the patch-clamp technique. The standard voltage protocol was a 200 ms constant potential at 20 mV, followed bya 500 ms ramp from –90 to +20 mV (HEK-TREK-1) or +80 mV (U251MG cells and myocytes) every 10 s. The currents at +20 mV or +80 mV were used for analysis. The docking study of bepridil’s binding model in the TREK-1 channel was performed using the Swissdock web service. Results In HEK-TREK-1 cells, BL1249 induced a significantly large outwardly rectifying current with similar baseline TREK-1 current characteristic, with a reversal potential (−70 mV). The concentration of half-maximal activation (EC50) of BL1249 was 3.45 µM. However, bepridil decreased the baseline TREK-1 currents, with a concentration of half-maximal inhibition (IC50) 0.59 µM and a Hill coefficient of 1.1. Also, bepridil inhibited BL1249-activated TREK-1 currents, with an IC50 4.08 µM and a Hill coefficient of 3.22. The outside-out patch-clamp confirmed bepridil inhibited BL1249-activated TREK-1 currents. In U251MG cells and myocytes, BL1249 activated outwardly rectifying endogenous TREK-1 currents, which could be inhibited by bepridil. BL1249 (10 µM) could decrease the peak value and reduce the duration of the action potential. Bepridil (10 µM) prolonged the duration of action potential of myocytes. The docking study revealed that bepridil might affect the K+ pore domain and the M4 modulator pocket. Conclusions Bepridil may be a blocker for the TREK-1K+channel at a clinically therapeutic concentration, providing a new mechanism of TREK-1 regulation and bepridil's antiarrhythmic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhijie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Shang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Lengyel M, Enyedi P, Czirják G. Negative Influence by the Force: Mechanically Induced Hyperpolarization via K 2P Background Potassium Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169062. [PMID: 34445768 PMCID: PMC8396510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-pore domain K2P subunits form background (leak) potassium channels, which are characterized by constitutive, although not necessarily constant activity, at all membrane potential values. Among the fifteen pore-forming K2P subunits encoded by the KCNK genes, the three members of the TREK subfamily, TREK-1, TREK-2, and TRAAK are mechanosensitive ion channels. Mechanically induced opening of these channels generally results in outward K+ current under physiological conditions, with consequent hyperpolarization and inhibition of membrane potential-dependent cellular functions. In the past decade, great advances have been made in the investigation of the molecular determinants of mechanosensation, and members of the TREK subfamily have emerged among the best-understood examples of mammalian ion channels directly influenced by the tension of the phospholipid bilayer. In parallel, the crucial contribution of mechano-gated TREK channels to the regulation of membrane potential in several cell types has been reported. In this review, we summarize the general principles underlying the mechanical activation of K2P channels, and focus on the physiological roles of mechanically induced hyperpolarization.
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10
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Herrera-Pérez S, Campos-Ríos A, Rueda-Ruzafa L, Lamas JA. Contribution of K2P Potassium Channels to Cardiac Physiology and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126635. [PMID: 34205717 PMCID: PMC8234311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Years before the first two-pore domain potassium channel (K2P) was cloned, certain ion channels had already been demonstrated to be present in the heart with characteristics and properties usually attributed to the TREK channels (a subfamily of K2P channels). K2P channels were later detected in cardiac tissue by RT-PCR, although the distribution of the different K2P subfamilies in the heart seems to depend on the species analyzed. In order to collect relevant information in this regard, we focus here on the TWIK, TASK and TREK cardiac channels, their putative roles in cardiac physiology and their implication in coronary pathologies. Most of the RNA expression data and electrophysiological recordings available to date support the presence of these different K2P subfamilies in distinct cardiac cells. Likewise, we show how these channels may be involved in certain pathologies, such as atrial fibrillation, long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome.
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11
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Stewart L, Turner NA. Channelling the Force to Reprogram the Matrix: Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Cardiac Fibroblasts. Cells 2021; 10:990. [PMID: 33922466 PMCID: PMC8145896 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) play a pivotal role in preserving myocardial function and integrity of the heart tissue after injury, but also contribute to future susceptibility to heart failure. CF sense changes to the cardiac environment through chemical and mechanical cues that trigger changes in cellular function. In recent years, mechanosensitive ion channels have been implicated as key modulators of a range of CF functions that are important to fibrotic cardiac remodelling, including cell proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix turnover and paracrine signalling. To date, seven mechanosensitive ion channels are known to be functional in CF: the cation non-selective channels TRPC6, TRPM7, TRPV1, TRPV4 and Piezo1, and the potassium-selective channels TREK-1 and KATP. This review will outline current knowledge of these mechanosensitive ion channels in CF, discuss evidence of the mechanosensitivity of each channel, and detail the role that each channel plays in cardiac remodelling. By better understanding the role of mechanosensitive ion channels in CF, it is hoped that therapies may be developed for reducing pathological cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil A. Turner
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
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12
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Gammons J, Trebak M, Mancarella S. Cardiac-Specific Deletion of Orai3 Leads to Severe Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019486. [PMID: 33849280 PMCID: PMC8174158 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Orai3 is a mammalian-specific member of the Orai family (Orai1‒3) and a component of the store-operated Ca2+ entry channels. There is little understanding of the role of Orai channels in cardiomyocytes, and its role in cardiac function remains unexplored. Thus, we developed mice lacking Orai1 and Orai3 to address their role in cardiac homeostasis. Methods and Results We generated constitutive and inducible cardiomyocyte-specific Orai3 knockout (Orai3cKO) mice. Constitutive Orai3-loss led to ventricular dysfunction progressing to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Orai3cKO mice subjected to pressure overload developed a fulminant dilated cardiomyopathy with rapid heart failure onset, characterized by interstitial fibrosis and apoptosis. Ultrastructural analysis of Orai3-deficient cardiomyocytes showed abnormal M- and Z-line morphology. The greater density of condensed mitochondria in Orai3-deficient cardiomyocytes was associated with the upregulation of DRP1 (dynamin-related protein 1). Cardiomyocytes isolated from Orai3cKO mice exhibited profoundly altered myocardial Ca2+ cycling and changes in the expression of critical proteins involved in the Ca2+ clearance mechanisms. Upregulation of TRPC6 (transient receptor potential canonical type 6) channels was associated with upregulation of the RCAN1 (regulator of calcineurin 1), indicating the activation of the calcineurin signaling pathway in Orai3cKO mice. A more dramatic cardiac phenotype emerged when Orai3 was removed in adult mice using a tamoxifen-inducible Orai3cKO mouse. The removal of Orai1 from adult cardiomyocytes did not change the phenotype of tamoxifen-inducible Orai3cKO mice. Conclusions Our results identify a critical role for Orai3 in the heart. We provide evidence that Orai3-mediated Ca2+ signaling is required for maintaining sarcomere integrity and proper mitochondrial function in adult mammalian cardiomyocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Calcium Channels/genetics
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- DNA/genetics
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Deletion
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Gammons
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PhysiologyThe Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPA
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Li Y, Li B, Wang X, Meng Y, Bai L, Zheng Y. Safe and efficient magnetic resonance imaging of acute myocardial infarction with gadolinium-doped carbon dots. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2385-2398. [PMID: 32914700 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The magneto-fluorescent gadolinium-doped carbon dots (Gd-CDs) were developed as a cardiac MR imaging contrast agent to detect the infarcted myocardium on a myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) mice model. Materials & methods: The chemophysical features, cardiac MR imaging effect, biodistribution and biocompatibility of Gd-CDs were studied. Results: The ultrasmall size and good aqueous dispersibility endows Gd-CDs with high longitudinal relaxivity, intense fluorescence, excellent physiological stability and superior biocompatibility. More importantly, Gd-CDs preferentially target the infarcts as determined by the confocal microscopy and MR imaging on the I/R mice at the acute stage of myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Gd-CDs manifest great potential for development as an MR imaging contrast agent to facilitate accurate visualization and image-guided therapy of acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
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