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Ider M, Ceylan C, Naseri A, Ceylan O, Durgut MK, Ok M, Iyigun SS, Erol BB, Sahin HB, Kilickaya MC. Evaluation of endothelial glycocalyx injury biomarkers in feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12931. [PMID: 38839816 PMCID: PMC11153643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate endothelial glycocalyx (eGCx) damage in cats with feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma haemofelis using selected biomarkers and to determine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of these biomarkers. The study included 25 cats with feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis and 10 healthy cats. Clinical examination, blood gas analysis, complete blood count, and biochemical analysis were performed. Hemotropic mycoplasmosis diagnosed by microscopic examination and molecularly confirmed by PCR targeting the Mycoplasma haemofelis 16s rRNA gene. To evaluate endothelial glycocalyx damage, syndecan-1, endothelin-1 (ET-1), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) concentrations were measured using cat-specific commercial ELISA kits. Of the cats with feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis, 14 (56%) survived and 11 (44%) died. While syndecan-1 and ET-1 concentrations were significantly higher in cats with hemotropic mycoplasmosis compared to the control group (p < 0.001), no statistically significant difference was found for ADMA and VEGF-A concentrations (p > 0.05). Endothelial glycocalyx biomarkers showed significant correlations with each other and with hematological parameters (p < 0.01). The results of the ROC analysis showed that ET-1 with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.821 (p < 0.01) and VEGF-A with AUC of 0.805 (p < 0.010) were found to be significant prognostic indicators. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that serum syndecan-1 and ET-1 can be used as diagnostic and serum ET-1 and VEGF-A as prognostic biomarkers in cats with hemotropic mycoplasmosis. Our results indicate the development of eGCx damage in feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis and suggest that glycocalyx disruption may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Ider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ceylan Ceylan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Amir Naseri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Onur Ceylan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Murat Kaan Durgut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Ok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Serhat Iyigun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Busra Burcu Erol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Betul Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Merve Cansu Kilickaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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2
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Liu R, Li L, Wang Z, Zhu J, Ji Y. Acetylated Histone Modifications: Intersection of Diabetes and Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:207-219. [PMID: 37989137 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Worldwide, type 2 diabetes is predominant form of diabetes, and it is mainly affected by the environment. Furthermore, the offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorder syndrome may have a higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which indicates that the environmental impact on diabetes prevalence can be transmitted across generations. In the process of diabetes onset and intergenerational transmission, the genetic structure of the individual is not directly changed but is regulated by epigenetics. In this process, genes or histones are modified, resulting in selective expression of proteins. This modification will affect not only the onset of diabetes but also the related onset of atherosclerosis. Acetylation and deacetylation may be important regulatory factors for the above lesions. Therefore, in this review, based on the whole process of atherosclerosis evolution, we explored the possible existence of acetylation/deacetylation caused by diabetes. However, because of the lack of atherosclerosis-related acetylation studies directly based on diabetic models, we also used a small number of experiments involving nondiabetic models of related molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; and
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, The Lu' an People's Hospital, Lu'an, China
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Sun L, Wang L, Ye KX, Wang S, Zhang R, Juan Z, Feng L, Min S. Endothelial Glycocalyx in Aging and Age-related Diseases. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1606-1617. [PMID: 37196119 PMCID: PMC10529737 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide population is aging exponentially, creating burdens to patients, their families and society. Increasing age is associated with higher risk of a wide range of chronic diseases, and aging of the vascular system is closely linked to the development of many age-related diseases. Endothelial glycocalyx is a layer of proteoglycan polymers on the surface of the inner lumen of blood vessels. It plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and protecting various organ functions. Endothelial glycocalyx loss happens through the aging process and repairing the endothelial glycocalyx may alleviate the symptoms of age-related diseases. Given the important role of the glycocalyx and its regenerative properties, it is posited that the endothelial glycocalyx may be a potential therapeutic target for aging and age-related diseases and repairing endothelial glycocalyx could play a role in the promotion of healthy aging and longevity. Here, we review the composition, function, shedding, and manifestation of the endothelial glycocalyx in aging and age-related diseases, as well as regeneration of endothelial glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lingyan Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Kaisy Xinhong Ye
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shoushi Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Zhaodong Juan
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Wang Y, Du W, Sun Y, Zhang J, Ma C, Jin X. CRTC1 is a potential target to delay aging-induced cognitive deficit by protecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier via inhibiting inflammation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1042-1059. [PMID: 37086081 PMCID: PMC10291461 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231169133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Aging can cause attenuation in the functioning of multiple organs, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown could promote the occurrence of disorders of the central nervous system during aging. Since inflammation is considered to be an important factor underlying BBB injury during aging, vascular endothelial cell senescence serves as a critical pathological basis for the destruction of BBB integrity. In the current review, we have first introduced the concepts related to aging-induced cognitive deficit and BBB integrity damage. Thereafter, we reviewed the potential relationship between disruption of BBB integrity and cognition deficit and the role of inflammation, vascular endothelial cell senescence, and BBB injury. We have also briefly introduced the function of CREB-regulated transcription co-activator 1 (CRTC1) in cognition and aging-induced CRTC1 changes as well as the critical roles of CRTC1/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in regulating inflammation, endothelial cell senescence, and BBB injury. Finally, the underlying mechanisms have been summarized and we propose that CRTC1 could be a promising target to delay aging-induced cognitive deficit by protecting the integrity of BBB through promoting inhibition of inflammation-mediated endothelial cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, China
| | - Weihong Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyun Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chaolin Ma
- School of Life Science and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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5
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Luo G, Liu B, Fu T, Liu Y, Li B, Li N, Geng Q. The Role of Histone Deacetylases in Acute Lung Injury-Friend or Foe. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097876. [PMID: 37175583 PMCID: PMC10178380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), caused by intrapulmonary or extrapulmonary factors such as pneumonia, shock, and sepsis, eventually disrupts the alveolar-capillary barrier, resulting in diffuse pulmonary oedema and microatasis, manifested by refractory hypoxemia, and respiratory distress. Not only is ALI highly lethal, but even if a patient survives, there are also multiple sequelae. Currently, there is no better treatment than supportive care, and we urgently need to find new targets to improve ALI. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetically important enzymes that, together with histone acetylases (HATs), regulate the acetylation levels of histones and non-histones. While HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) play a therapeutic role in cancer, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases, there is also a large body of evidence suggesting the potential of HDACs as therapeutic targets in ALI. This review explores the unique mechanisms of HDACs in different cell types of ALI, including macrophages, pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (VECs), alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bohao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Tinglv Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Mengozzi A, Costantino S, Paneni F, Duranti E, Nannipieri M, Mancini R, Lai M, La Rocca V, Puxeddu I, Antonioli L, Fornai M, Ghionzoli M, Georgiopoulos G, Ippolito C, Bernardini N, Ruschitzka F, Pugliese NR, Taddei S, Virdis* A, Masi S. Targeting SIRT1 Rescues Age- and Obesity-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction in Ex Vivo Human Vessels. Circ Res 2022; 131:476-491. [PMID: 35968712 PMCID: PMC9426744 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence suggests a key role of SIRT1 (silent information regulator 1) in age- and metabolic-related vascular dysfunction. Whether these effects hold true in the human microvasculature is unknown. We aimed to investigate the SIRT1 role in very early stages of age- and obesity-related microvascular dysfunction in humans. METHODS Ninety-five subjects undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery were recruited and stratified based on their body mass index status (above or below 30 kg/m2) and age (above or below 40 years) in 4 groups: Young Nonobese, Young Obese, Old Nonobese, and Old Obese. We measured small resistance arteries' endothelial function by pressurized micromyography before and after incubation with a SIRT1 agonist (SRT1720) and a mitochondria reactive oxygen species (mtROS) scavenger (MitoTEMPO). We assessed vascular levels of mtROS and nitric oxide availability by confocal microscopy and vascular gene expression of SIRT1 and mitochondrial proteins by qPCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was employed to investigate SIRT1-dependent epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial proteins. RESULTS Compared with Young Nonobese, obese and older patients showed lower vascular expression of SIRT1 and antioxidant proteins (FOXO3 [forkhead box protein O3] and SOD2) and higher expression of pro-oxidant and aging mitochondria proteins p66Shc and Arginase II. Old Obese, Young Obese and Old Nonobese groups endothelial dysfunction was rescued by SRT1720. The restoration was comparable to the one obtained with mitoTEMPO. These effects were explained by SIRT1-dependent chromatin changes leading to reduced p66Shc expression and upregulation of proteins involved in mitochondria respiratory chain. CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 is a novel central modulator of the earliest microvascular damage induced by age and obesity. Through a complex epigenetic control mainly involving p66Shc and Arginase II, it influences mtROS levels, NO availability, and the expression of proteins of the mitochondria respiratory chain. Therapeutic modulation of SIRT1 restores obesity- and age-related endothelial dysfunction. Early targeting of SIRT1 might represent a crucial strategy to prevent age- and obesity-related microvascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy (A.M., V.L.R., N.B.)
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland (S.C., F.P.)
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland (S.C., F.P.).,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (F.P., F.R.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education (F.P.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Duranti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Nannipieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Rudj Mancini
- Unit of Bariatric Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.M.)
| | - Michele Lai
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.L., V.L.R.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica La Rocca
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.L., V.L.R.), University of Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy (A.M., V.L.R., N.B.)
| | - Ilaria Puxeddu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Ghionzoli
- Paediatric Surgery Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Italy (M.G.)
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, United Kingdom (G.G.).,Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy (A.M., V.L.R., N.B.)
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (F.P., F.R.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Riccardo Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Agostino Virdis*
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (S.M.)
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Foote CA, Soares RN, Ramirez-Perez FI, Ghiarone T, Aroor A, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. Endothelial Glycocalyx. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3781-3811. [PMID: 35997082 PMCID: PMC10214841 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a polysaccharide structure that protrudes from the body of a cell. It is primarily conformed of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which provide communication, electrostatic charge, ionic buffering, permeability, and mechanosensation-mechanotransduction capabilities to cells. In blood vessels, the endothelial glycocalyx that projects into the vascular lumen separates the vascular wall from the circulating blood. Such a physical location allows a number of its components, including sialic acid, glypican-1, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan, to participate in the mechanosensation-mechanotransduction of blood flow-dependent shear stress, which results in the synthesis of nitric oxide and flow-mediated vasodilation. The endothelial glycocalyx also participates in the regulation of vascular permeability and the modulation of inflammatory responses, including the processes of leukocyte rolling and extravasation. Its structural architecture and negative charge work to prevent macromolecules greater than approximately 70 kDa and cationic molecules from binding and flowing out of the vasculature. This also prevents the extravasation of pathogens such as bacteria and virus, as well as that of tumor cells. Due to its constant exposure to shear and circulating enzymes such as neuraminidase, heparanase, hyaluronidase, and matrix metalloproteinases, the endothelial glycocalyx is in a continuous process of degradation and renovation. A balance favoring degradation is associated with a variety of pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular aging, metastatic cancer, and diabetic vasculopathies. Consequently, ongoing research efforts are focused on deciphering the mechanisms that promote glycocalyx degradation or limit its syntheses, as well as on therapeutic approaches to improve glycocalyx integrity with the goal of reducing vascular disease. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-31, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Foote
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rogerio N. Soares
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya Aroor
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Mineralocorticoid receptor-antagonism prevents COVID-19-dependent glycocalyx damage. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1069-1076. [PMID: 35867189 PMCID: PMC9304794 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines target vascular endothelial cells during COVID-19 infections. In particular, the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC), a proteoglycan-rich layer on top of endothelial cells, was identified as a vulnerable, vasoprotective structure during infections. Thus, eGC damage can be seen as a hallmark in the development of endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory processes. Using sera derived from patients suffering from COVID-19, we could demonstrate that the eGC became progressively worse in relation to disease severity (mild vs severe course) and in correlation to IL-6 levels. This could be prevented by administering low doses of spironolactone, a well-known and highly specific aldosterone receptor antagonist. Our results confirm that SARS-CoV-2 infections cause eGC damage and endothelial dysfunction and we outline the underlying mechanisms and suggest potential therapeutic options.
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Goligorsky MS. OSCILLATORS IN THE MICROVASCULATURE - GLYCOCALYX AND BEYOND. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C432-C438. [PMID: 35759436 PMCID: PMC9359649 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00170.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The growing recognition of abundance of oscillating functions in biological systems has motivated this brief overview which narrows down on the microvasculature. Specifically, it encompasses self-sustained oscillations of blood flow, hematocrit and viscosity at bifurcations; their effects on the oscillations of endothelial glycocalyx, mechanotransduction and its termination to prime endothelial cells for the subsequent mechanical signaling event; oscillating affinity of hyaluronan-CD44 binding domain; spontaneous contractility of actomyosin complexes in the cortical actin web, its effects on the tension of the plasma membrane; reversible effects of sirtuin-1 on endothelial glycocalyx; and effects of plasma membrane tension on endo-and exocytosis. Some potential interactions between those oscillators - their coupling - are discussed together with their transition into chaotic movements. Future in-depth understanding of the oscillatory activities in the microvasculature could serve as a guide to its chronotherapy under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Goligorsky
- Renal Research Institute and Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Physiology, New York Medical College at the Touro University, Valhalla, NY
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10
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Chen X, Wei G, Li D, Fan Y, Zeng Y, Qian Z, Jia Z, Tang Y, Shi Y, Wu H, Li X. Sirtuin 1 alleviates microglia-induced inflammation by modulating the PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway after traumatic brain injury in male rats. Brain Res Bull 2022; 185:28-38. [PMID: 35487384 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Microglial activation and the subsequent inflammatory response play important roles in the central nervous system after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Activation of the PGC-1α pathway is responsible for microglial activation after TBI. Our previous study demonstrated that SIRT1 alleviates neuroinflammation-induced apoptosis after TBI, and activation of the PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway extenuates TBI-induced neuronal apoptosis. However, no study has investigated whether SIRT1 can affect the PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway to induce microglial excitation and the subsequent neuroinflammatory response. Microglial activation and the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, namely, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assessed to evaluate the neuroinflammatory response after TBI. To examine the effects of SIRT1, immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis were used to observe the nuclear translocation and secretion of PGC-1α, as well as the activation of the PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway. Treatment with the SIRT1 inhibitor sirtinol promoted microglial activation and pro-inflammatory factor expression (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and inhibited PGC-1α and Nrf2 nuclear translocation and secretion after TBI, while treatment with the SIRT1 activator A3 had the opposite effects. The results of this study suggest that microglial activation, the subsequent neuroinflammatory response, and the PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway play essential roles in secondary injury after TBI. These results indicate that SIRT1 protects neurons after TBI by inhibiting microglial activation and the subsequent inflammatory response, possibly by activating the PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guan Wei
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Youwu Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yile Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhengting Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Heming Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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11
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Richter RP, Payne GA, Ambalavanan N, Gaggar A, Richter JR. The endothelial glycocalyx in critical illness: A pediatric perspective. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 14:100106. [PMID: 35392182 PMCID: PMC8981764 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx thins with age and cardiovascular comorbidities. Endothelial glycocalyx is affected by and integral to severe pediatric illnesses. Mechanistic insight into cause/effect of endothelial glycocalyx injury is paramount. Vascular glycocalyx damage in pediatric critical illness warrants further study.
The vascular endothelium is the interface between circulating blood and end organs and thus has a critical role in preserving organ function. The endothelium is lined by a glycan-rich glycocalyx that uniquely contributes to endothelial function through its regulation of leukocyte and platelet interactions with the vessel wall, vascular permeability, coagulation, and vasoreactivity. Degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx can thus promote vascular dysfunction, inflammation propagation, and organ injury. The endothelial glycocalyx and its role in vascular pathophysiology has gained increasing attention over the last decade. While studies characterizing vascular glycocalyx injury and its downstream consequences in a host of adult human diseases and in animal models has burgeoned, studies evaluating glycocalyx damage in pediatric diseases are relatively few. As children have unique physiology that differs from adults, significant knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the causes and effects of endothelial glycocalyx disintegrity in pediatric critical illness. In this narrative literature overview, we offer a unique perspective on the role of the endothelial glycocalyx in pediatric critical illness, drawing from adult and preclinical data in addition to pediatric clinical experience to elucidate how marked derangement of the endothelial surface layer may contribute to aberrant vascular biology in children. By calling attention to this nascent field, we hope to increase research efforts to address important knowledge gaps in pediatric vascular biology that may inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Richter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 5 Avenue South, CPPI Suite 102, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA.
| | - Gregory A. Payne
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Translational Research in Normal and Disordered Development Program, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jillian R. Richter
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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12
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Begum MK, Konja D, Singh S, Chlopicki S, Wang Y. Endothelial SIRT1 as a Target for the Prevention of Arterial Aging: Promises and Challenges. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:S63-S77. [PMID: 34840264 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family of longevity regulators, possesses potent activities preventing vascular aging. The expression and function of SIRT1 in endothelial cells are downregulated with age, in turn causing early vascular aging and predisposing various vascular abnormalities. Overexpression of SIRT1 in the vascular endothelium prevents aging-associated endothelial dysfunction and senescence, thus the development of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Numerous efforts have been directed to increase SIRT1 signaling as a potential strategy for different aging-associated diseases. However, the complex mechanisms underlying the regulation of SIRT1 have posed a significant challenge toward the design of specific and effective therapeutics. This review aimed to provide a summary on the regulation and function of SIRT1 in the vascular endothelium and to discuss the different approaches targeting this molecule for the prevention and treatment of age-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musammat Kulsuma Begum
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniels Konja
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sandeep Singh
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; and
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Caravà E, Moretto P, Caon I, Parnigoni A, Passi A, Karousou E, Vigetti D, Canino J, Canobbio I, Viola M. HA and HS Changes in Endothelial Inflammatory Activation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060809. [PMID: 34072476 PMCID: PMC8229641 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders caused by the presence of a combination of risk factors, such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, etc., which cause the modification of the composition of the vessel’s matrix and lead to the alteration of blood flow, matched with an inflammation condition. Nevertheless, it is not clear if the inflammation is a permissive condition or a consequent one. In order to investigate the effect of inflammation on the onset of vascular disease, we treated endothelial cells with the cytokine TNF-α that is increased in obese patients and is reported to induce cardiometabolic diseases. The inflammation induced a large change in the extracellular matrix, increasing the pericellular hyaluronan and altering the heparan sulfate Syndecans sets, which seems to be related to layer permeability but does not influence cell proliferation or migration nor induce blood cell recruitment or activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Caravà
- Quantix Italia S.r.l., 20121 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (P.M.); (I.C.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.V.)
| | - Paola Moretto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (P.M.); (I.C.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.V.)
| | - Ilaria Caon
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (P.M.); (I.C.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.V.)
| | - Arianna Parnigoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (P.M.); (I.C.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.V.)
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (P.M.); (I.C.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.V.)
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (P.M.); (I.C.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.V.)
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (P.M.); (I.C.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.V.)
| | - Jessica Canino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (J.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (J.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Manuela Viola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (P.M.); (I.C.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0332-397143
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14
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The investigation of the role of sirtuin-1 on embryo implantation in oxidative stress-induced mice. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2349-2361. [PMID: 33993396 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Implantation is essential for a successful pregnancy. Despite the increasing number of studies, implantation is still an unknown process. This study aimed to determine whether sirtuin-1 has a role in embryo implantation in oxidative stress-induced mice. METHODS Pregnant mice were separated into 5 groups: control, vehicle, paraquat, SRT1720, and SRT1720+Paraquat. Paraquat is a herbicide and is used to induce oxidative stress. SRT1720 is a specific sirtuin-1 activator. Implantation and inter-implantation sites were removed in the morning of the 5th day of pregnancy after Chicago blue injection was performed. Sirtuin-1 and Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot while acetylated lysine was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined by fluorometric and spectrometric methods, respectively. RESULTS Although there was no embryo implantation in paraquat-treated mice, 5 out of 9 SRT1720+Paraquat-treated mice had implantation sites which were significantly higher compared to the paraquat-treated group. Sirtuin-1 and FoxO1 expressions were increased at implantation sites of SRT1720-treated mice. ROS/RNS levels were decreased, while deacetylated FoxO1 levels and SOD activity were increased in SRT1720-treated mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that sirtuin-1 may play a role in embryo implantation against oxidative stress through FoxO1-SOD signaling.
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15
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Wei G, Wang J, Wu Y, Zheng X, Zeng Y, Li Y, Chen X. Sirtuin 1 alleviates neuroinflammation-induced apoptosis after traumatic brain injury. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4478-4486. [PMID: 33830639 PMCID: PMC8093975 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a very important role in a wide range of biological responses, such as metabolism, inflammation and cell apoptosis. Changes in the levels of SIRT1 have been detected in the brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Further, SIRT1 has shown a neuroprotective effect in some models of neuronal death; however, its role and working mechanisms are not well understood in the model of TBI. This study aimed to address this issue. SIRT1-specific inhibitor (sirtinol) and activator (A3) were introduced to explore the role of SIRT1 in cell apoptosis. Results of the study suggest that SIRT1 plays an important role in neuronal apoptosis after TBI by inhibiting NF-κB, IL-6 and TNF-α deacetylation and the apoptotic pathway sequentially, possibly by alleviating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wei
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anxi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anxi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yile Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yasong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Lipphardt M, Dihazi H, Maas JH, Schäfer AK, Amlaz SI, Ratliff BB, Koziolek MJ, Wallbach M. Syndecan-4 as a Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Resistant Hypertension. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9093051. [PMID: 32971813 PMCID: PMC7564403 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Arterial hypertension (HTN) is one of the most relevant cardiovascular risk factors. Nowadays multiple pharmaceutical treatment options exist with novel interventional methods (e.g., baroreflex activation therapy (BAT)) as a last resort to treat patients with resistant HTN. Although pathophysiology behind resistant HTN is still not fully understood. There is evidence that selected biomarkers may be involved in the pathophysiology of HTN. (2) Methods: We investigated serum SDC4-levels in patients suffering from resistant HTN before and 6 months after BAT implantation. We collected 19 blood samples from patients with resistant HTN and blood pressure above target and measured serum SDC4-levels. (3) Results: Our results showed high serum SDC4-levels in patients with resistant HTN as compared to a healthy population. Patients with both, resistant HTN and diabetes mellitus type II, demonstrated higher serum SDC4-levels. β-blockers had lowering effects on serum SDC4-levels, whereas calcium channel blockers were associated with higher levels of serum SDC4. BAT implantation did not lead to a significant difference in serum SDC4-levels after 6 months of therapy. (4) Conclusion: Based on our results we propose SDC4 is elevated in patients suffering from resistant HTN. Thus, SDC4 might be a potential marker for endothelial dysfunction in patients with resistant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lipphardt
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (H.D.); (A.-K.S.); (M.J.K.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-551-39-65309; Fax: +49-(0)-551-39-8906
| | - Hassan Dihazi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (H.D.); (A.-K.S.); (M.J.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Jens-Holger Maas
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schäfer
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (H.D.); (A.-K.S.); (M.J.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Saskia I. Amlaz
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Brian B. Ratliff
- Renal Research Institute and Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Michael J. Koziolek
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (H.D.); (A.-K.S.); (M.J.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Manuel Wallbach
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (H.D.); (A.-K.S.); (M.J.K.); (M.W.)
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