1
|
Bokhorst S, Bjerke JW, Phoenix GK, Jaakola L, Maehre HK, Tømmervik H. Sub-arctic mosses and lichens show idiosyncratic responses to combinations of winter heatwaves, freezing and nitrogen deposition. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13882. [PMID: 36840682 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Arctic ecosystems are increasingly exposed to extreme climatic events throughout the year, which can affect species performance. Cryptogams (bryophytes and lichens) provide important ecosystem services in polar ecosystems but may be physiologically affected or killed by extreme events. Through field and laboratory manipulations, we compared physiological responses of seven dominant sub-Arctic cryptogams (three bryophytes, four lichens) to single events and factorial combinations of mid-winter heatwave (6°C for 7 days), re-freezing, snow removal and summer nitrogen addition. We aimed to identify which mosses and lichens are vulnerable to these abiotic extremes and if combinations would exacerbate physiological responses. Combinations of extremes resulted in stronger species responses but included idiosyncratic species-specific responses. Species that remained dormant during winter (March), irrespective of extremes, showed little physiological response during summer (August). However, winter physiological activity, and response to winter extremes, was not consistently associated with summer physiological impacts. Winter extremes affect cryptogam physiology, but summer responses appear mild, and lichens affect the photobiont more than the mycobiont. Accounting for Arctic cryptogam response to multiple climatic extremes in ecosystem functioning and modelling will require a better understanding of their winter eco-physiology and repair capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stef Bokhorst
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), FRAM - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarle W Bjerke
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), FRAM - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gareth K Phoenix
- Plants Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Climate Laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Hanne K Maehre
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hans Tømmervik
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), FRAM - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun Y, Luo M, Ge W, Zhou X, Zhou Q, Wei B, Cheng S, Ji S. Phenylpropanoid metabolism in relation to peel browning development of cold-stored 'Nanguo' pears. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111363. [PMID: 35750293 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cold-stored 'Nanguo' pears are susceptible to peel browning during subsequent shelf life. In this study, 'Nanguo' pears were cold-stored for different periods to elucidate the metabolism of phenylpropanoid accompanying browning. Changes in phenolics and flavonoids and the crucial enzyme activity and related gene expression involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway were monitored. It was found that the fruit that underwent long-term storage showed peel browning symptoms prior to softening, and the symptom got worse with increasing shelf life. Meanwhile, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the decrease of ROS scavenging ability were noted. The content of phenolics and flavonoids and the activity and expression of shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway decreased with prolonged storage. Correlation analysis revealed that browning was positively correlated with ROS accumulation, and the content of phenolics and flavonoids directly affected ROS scavenging ability. In addition, the decrease in phenolics and flavonoids might be owing to the reduced activity of SKDH, PAL, and 4CL and the down-regulated expression of PuPAL and Pu4CL. Collectively, this study indicated that the metabolism of phenylpropanoid is associated with the browning response induced by low-temperature stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Sun
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Manli Luo
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wanying Ge
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Zhou
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baodong Wei
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shunchang Cheng
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shujuan Ji
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ríos-Meléndez S, Valadez-Hernández E, Delgadillo C, Luna-Guevara ML, Martínez-Núñez MA, Sánchez-Pérez M, Martínez-Y-Pérez JL, Arroyo-Becerra A, Cárdenas L, Bibbins-Martínez M, Maldonado-Mendoza IE, Villalobos-López MA. Pseudocrossidium replicatum (Taylor) R.H. Zander is a fully desiccation-tolerant moss that expresses an inducible molecular mechanism in response to severe abiotic stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:387-404. [PMID: 34189708 PMCID: PMC8648698 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The moss Pseudocrossidium replicatum is a desiccation-tolerant species that uses an inducible system to withstand severe abiotic stress in both protonemal and gametophore tissues. Desiccation tolerance (DT) is the ability of cells to recover from an air-dried state. Here, the moss Pseudocrossidium replicatum was identified as a fully desiccation-tolerant (FDT) species. Its gametophores rapidly lost more than 90% of their water content when exposed to a low-humidity atmosphere [23% relative humidity (RH)], but abscisic acid (ABA) pretreatment diminished the final water loss after equilibrium was reached. P. replicatum gametophores maintained good maximum photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (Fv/Fm) for up to two hours during slow dehydration; however, ABA pretreatment induced a faster decrease in the Fv/Fm. ABA also induced a faster recovery of the Fv/Fm after rehydration. Protein synthesis inhibitor treatment before dehydration hampered the recovery of the Fv/Fm when the gametophores were rehydrated after desiccation, suggesting the presence of an inducible protective mechanism that is activated in response to abiotic stress. This observation was also supported by accumulation of soluble sugars in gametophores exposed to ABA or NaCl. Exogenous ABA treatment delayed the germination of P. replicatum spores and induced morphological changes in protonemal cells that resembled brachycytes. Transcriptome analyses revealed the presence of an inducible molecular mechanism in P. replicatum protonemata that was activated in response to dehydration. This study is the first RNA-Seq study of the protonemal tissues of an FDT moss. Our results suggest that P. replicatum is an FDT moss equipped with an inducible molecular response that prepares this species for severe abiotic stress and that ABA plays an important role in this response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Ríos-Meléndez
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Biotecnología de Plantas, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, C.P. 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Emmanuel Valadez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Biotecnología de Plantas, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, C.P. 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Claudio Delgadillo
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maria L Luna-Guevara
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, C.P. 72000, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Mario A Martínez-Núñez
- UMDI-Sisal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 97302, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Mishael Sánchez-Pérez
- Unidad de Análisis Bioinformáticos, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - José L Martínez-Y-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, C.P. 90210, Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Analilia Arroyo-Becerra
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Biotecnología de Plantas, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, C.P. 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Martha Bibbins-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Biotecnología de Plantas, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, C.P. 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Ignacio E Maldonado-Mendoza
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Sinaloa, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, C.P. 81049, Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | - Miguel Angel Villalobos-López
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Biotecnología de Plantas, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, C.P. 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, México.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Islam M, Inoue T, Hiraide M, Khatun N, Jahan A, Kuwata K, Katagiri S, Umezawa T, Yotsui I, Sakata Y, Takezawa D. Activation of SnRK2 by Raf-like kinase ARK represents a primary mechanism of ABA and abiotic stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:533-546. [PMID: 33655297 PMCID: PMC8133623 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Raf-like protein kinase abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stress-responsive Raf-like kinase (ARK) previously identified in the moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens acts as an upstream regulator of subgroup III SNF1-related protein kinase2 (SnRK2), the key regulator of ABA and abiotic stress responses. However, the mechanisms underlying activation of ARK by ABA and abiotic stress for the regulation of SnRK2, including the role of ABA receptor-associated group A PP2C (PP2C-A), are not understood. We identified Ser1029 as the phosphorylation site in the activation loop of ARK, which provided a possible mechanism for regulation of its activity. Analysis of transgenic P. patens ark lines expressing ARK-GFP with Ser1029-to-Ala mutation indicated that this replacement causes reductions in ABA-induced gene expression, stress tolerance, and SnRK2 activity. Immunoblot analysis using an anti-phosphopeptide antibody indicated that ABA treatments rapidly stimulate Ser1029 phosphorylation in the wild type (WT). The phosphorylation profile of Ser1029 in ABA-hypersensitive ppabi1 lacking protein phosphatase 2C-A (PP2C-A) was similar to that in the WT, whereas little Ser1029 phosphorylation was observed in ABA-insensitive ark missense mutant lines. Furthermore, newly isolated ppabi1 ark lines showed ABA-insensitive phenotypes similar to those of ark lines. Therefore, ARK is a primary activator of SnRK2, preceding negative regulation by PP2C-A in bryophytes, which provides a prototype mechanism for ABA and abiotic stress responses in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mousona Islam
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Plant Tissue Culture Section, Biological Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Takumi Inoue
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Mayuka Hiraide
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Nobiza Khatun
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Akida Jahan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Sotaro Katagiri
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Izumi Yotsui
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-ohkubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Komatsu K, Takezawa D, Sakata Y. Decoding ABA and osmostress signalling in plants from an evolutionary point of view. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2894-2911. [PMID: 33459424 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is fundamental for land plant adaptation to water-limited conditions. Osmostress, such as drought, induces ABA accumulation in angiosperms, triggering physiological responses such as stomata closure. The core components of angiosperm ABA signalling are soluble ABA receptors, group A protein phosphatase type 2C and SNF1-related protein kinase2 (SnRK2). ABA also has various functions in non-angiosperms, however, suggesting that its role in adaptation to land may not have been angiosperm-specific. Indeed, among land plants, the core ABA signalling components are evolutionarily conserved, implying their presence in a common ancestor. Results of ongoing functional genomics studies of ABA signalling components in bryophytes and algae have expanded our understanding of the evolutionary role of ABA signalling, with genome sequencing uncovering the ABA core module even in algae. In this review, we describe recent discoveries involving the ABA core module in non-angiosperms, tracing the footprints of how ABA evolved as a phytohormone. We also cover the latest findings on Raf-like kinases as upstream regulators of the core ABA module component SnRK2. Finally, we discuss the origin of ABA signalling from an evolutionary perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Komatsu
- Department of Bioresource Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Antagonistic regulation of the gibberellic acid response during stem growth in rice. Nature 2020; 584:109-114. [PMID: 32669710 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The size of plants is largely determined by growth of the stem. Stem elongation is stimulated by gibberellic acid1-3. Here we show that internode stem elongation in rice is regulated antagonistically by an 'accelerator' and a 'decelerator' in concert with gibberellic acid. Expression of a gene we name ACCELERATOR OF INTERNODE ELONGATION 1 (ACE1), which encodes a protein of unknown function, confers cells of the intercalary meristematic region with the competence for cell division, leading to internode elongation in the presence of gibberellic acid. By contrast, upregulation of DECELERATOR OF INTERNODE ELONGATION 1 (DEC1), which encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor, suppresses internode elongation, whereas downregulation of DEC1 allows internode elongation. We also show that the mechanism of internode elongation that is mediated by ACE1 and DEC1 is conserved in the Gramineae family. Furthermore, an analysis of genetic diversity suggests that mutations in ACE1 and DEC1 have historically contributed to the selection of shorter plants in domesticated populations of rice to increase their resistance to lodging, and of taller plants in wild species of rice for adaptation to growth in deep water. Our identification of these antagonistic regulatory factors enhances our understanding of the gibberellic acid response as an additional mechanism that regulates internode elongation and environmental fitness, beyond biosynthesis and gibberellic acid signal transduction.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ruibal C, Castro A, Fleitas AL, Quezada J, Quero G, Vidal S. A Chloroplast COR413 Protein From Physcomitrella patens Is Required for Growth Regulation Under High Light and ABA Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:845. [PMID: 32636864 PMCID: PMC7317016 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
COR413 genes belong to a poorly characterized group of plant-specific cold-regulated genes initially identified as part of the transcriptional activation machinery of plants during cold acclimation. They encode multispanning transmembrane proteins predicted to target the plasma membrane or the chloroplast inner membrane. Despite being ubiquitous throughout the plant kingdom, little is known about their biological function. In this study, we used reverse genetics to investigate the relevance of a predicted chloroplast localized COR413 protein (PpCOR413im) from the moss Physcomitrella patens in developmental and abiotic stress responses. Expression of PpCOR413im was strongly induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and by various environmental stimuli, including low temperature, hyperosmosis, salinity and high light. In vivo subcellular localization of PpCOR413im-GFP fusion protein revealed that this protein is localized in chloroplasts, confirming the in silico predictions. Loss-of-function mutants of PpCOR413im exhibited growth and developmental alterations such as growth retardation, reduced caulonema formation and hypersensitivity to ABA. Mutants also displayed altered photochemistry under various abiotic stresses, including dehydration and low temperature, and exhibited a dramatic growth inhibition upon exposure to high light. Disruption of PpCOR413im also caused altered chloroplast ultrastructure, increased ROS accumulation, and enhanced starch and sucrose levels under high light or after ABA treatment. In addition, loss of PpCOR413im affected both nuclear and chloroplast gene expression in response to ABA and high light, suggesting a role for this gene downstream of ABA in the regulation of growth and environmental stress responses. Developmental alterations exhibited by PpCOR413im knockout mutants had remarkable similarities to those exhibited by hxk1, a mutant lacking a major chloroplastic hexokinase, an enzyme involved in energy homeostasis. Based on these findings, we propose that PpCOR413im is involved in coordinating energy metabolism with ABA-mediated growth and developmental responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ruibal
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alexandra Castro
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea L. Fleitas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Quezada
- Unidad de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Carrera de Biología – Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Gastón Quero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sabina Vidal
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tomoi T, Kawade K, Kitagawa M, Sakata Y, Tsukaya H, Fujita T. Quantitative Imaging Reveals Distinct Contributions of SnRK2 and ABI3 in Plasmodesmatal Permeability in Physcomitrella patens. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:942-956. [PMID: 32101300 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is tightly regulated in response to environmental stimuli in plants. We previously used a photoconvertible fluorescent protein Dendra2 as a model reporter to study this process. This experiment revealed that macromolecular trafficking between protonemal cells in Physcomitrella patens is suppressed in response to abscisic acid (ABA). However, it remains unknown which ABA signaling components contribute to this suppression and how. Here, we show that ABA signaling components SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING 1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2 (PpSnRK2) and ABA INSENSITIVE 3 (PpABI3) play roles as an essential and promotive factor, respectively, in regulating ABA-induced suppression of Dendra2 diffusion between cells (ASD). Our quantitative imaging analysis revealed that disruption of PpSnRK2 resulted in defective ASD onset itself, whereas disruption of PpABI3 caused an 81-min delay in the initiation of ASD. Live-cell imaging of callose deposition using aniline blue staining showed that, despite this onset delay, callose deposition on cross walls remained constant in the PpABI3 disruptant, suggesting that PpABI3 facilitates ASD in a callose-independent manner. Given that ABA is an important phytohormone to cope with abiotic stresses, we further explored cellular physiological responses. We found that the acquisition of salt stress tolerance is promoted by PpABI3 in a quantitative manner similar to ASD. Our results suggest that PpABI3-mediated ABA signaling may effectively coordinate cell-to-cell communication during the acquisition of salt stress tolerance. This study will accelerate the quantitative study for ABA signaling mechanism and function in response to various abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Tomoi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810 Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787 Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawade
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787 Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
| | - Munenori Kitagawa
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He J, Li P, Huo H, Liu L, Tang T, He M, Huang J, Liu L. Heterologous expression of HpBHY and CrBKT increases heat tolerance in Physcomitrella patens. PLANT DIVERSITY 2019; 41:266-274. [PMID: 31528786 PMCID: PMC6742491 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress can restrict plant growth, development, and crop yield. As essential plant antioxidants, carotenoids play significant roles in plant stress resistance. β-carotene hydroxylase (BHY) and β-carotene ketolase (BKT), which catalyze the conversions of β-carotene to zeaxanthin and β-carotene to canthaxanthin, respectively, are key enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, but little is known about their potential functions in stress resistance. Here, we investigated the roles of β-carotene hydroxylase and β-carotene ketolase during heat stress in Physcomitrella patens through expressing a β-carotene ketolase gene from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrBKT) and a β-carotene hydroxylase gene from Haematococcus pluvialis (HpBHY) in the moss P. patens. In transgenic moss expressing these genes, carotenoids content increased (especially lutein content), and heat stress tolerance increased, with reduced leafy tissue necrosis. To investigate the mechanism of this heat stress resistance, we measured various physiological indicators and found a lower malondialdehyde level, higher peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and higher endogenous abscisic acid and salicylate content in the transgenic plants in response to high-temperature stress. These results demonstrate that CrBKT and HpBHY increase plant heat stress resistance through the antioxidant and damage repair metabolism, which is related to abscisic acid and salicylate signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang He
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, FL, 32703, USA
| | - Lina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Mingxia He
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kitagawa M, Tomoi T, Fukushima T, Sakata Y, Sato M, Toyooka K, Fujita T, Sakakibara H. Abscisic Acid Acts as a Regulator of Molecular Trafficking through Plasmodesmata in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:738-751. [PMID: 30597108 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In multi-cellular organisms, cell-to-cell communication is crucial for adapting to changes in the surrounding environment. In plants, plasmodesmata (PD) provide a unique pathway for cell-to-cell communication. PD interconnect most cells and generate a cytoplasmic continuum, allowing the trafficking of various micro- and macromolecules between cells. This molecular trafficking through PD is dynamically regulated by altering PD permeability dependent on environmental changes, thereby leading to an appropriate response to various stresses; however, how PD permeability is dynamically regulated is still largely unknown. Moreover, studies on the regulation of PD permeability have been conducted primarily in a limited number of angiosperms. Here, we studied the regulation of PD permeability in the moss Physcomitrella patens and report that molecular trafficking through PD is rapidly and reversibly restricted by abscisic acid (ABA). Since ABA plays a key role in various stress responses in the moss, PD permeability can be controlled by ABA to adapt to surrounding environmental changes. This ABA-dependent restriction of PD trafficking correlates with a reduction in PD pore size. Furthermore, we also found that the rate of macromolecular trafficking is higher in an ABA-synthesis defective mutant, suggesting that the endogenous level of ABA is also important for PD-mediated macromolecular trafficking. Thus, our study provides compelling evidence that P. patens exploits ABA as one of the key regulators of PD function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Kitagawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Tomoi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Fukushima
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of BioScience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
SnRK2 protein kinases represent an ancient system in plants for adaptation to a terrestrial environment. Commun Biol 2019; 2:30. [PMID: 30675528 PMCID: PMC6340887 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family includes key regulators of osmostress and abscisic acid (ABA) responses in angiosperms and can be classified into three subclasses. Subclass III SnRK2s act in the ABA response while ABA-nonresponsive subclass I SnRK2s are regulated through osmostress. Here we report that an ancient subclass III SnRK2-based signalling module including ABA and an upstream Raf-like kinase (ARK) exclusively protects the moss Physcomitrella patens from drought. Subclass III SnRK2s from both Arabidopsis and from the semiterrestrial alga Klebsormidium nitens, which contains all the components of ABA signalling except ABA receptors, complement Physcomitrella snrk2− mutants, whereas Arabidopsis subclass I SnRK2 cannot. We propose that the earliest land plants developed the ABA/ARK/subclass III SnRK2 signalling module by recruiting ABA to regulate a pre-existing dehydration response and that subsequently a novel subclass I SnRK2 system evolved in vascular plants conferring osmostress protection independently from the ancient system. Akihisa Shinozawa, Ryoko Otake et al. report on an ancient subclass of the SNF1-related protein kinase 2 family involved in ABA signaling, which protect moss from drought stress. They propose that this signaling module evolved in early land plants to regulate dehydration-response.
Collapse
|
12
|
Arif MA, Hiss M, Tomek M, Busch H, Meyberg R, Tintelnot S, Reski R, Rensing SA, Frank W. ABA-Induced Vegetative Diaspore Formation in Physcomitrella patens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:315. [PMID: 30941155 PMCID: PMC6433873 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a pivotal regulator of gene expression in response to various environmental stresses such as desiccation, salt and cold causing major changes in plant development and physiology. Here we show that in the moss Physcomitrella patens exogenous application of ABA triggers the formation of vegetative diaspores (brachycytes or brood cells) that enable plant survival in unfavorable environmental conditions. Such diaspores are round-shaped cells characterized by the loss of the central vacuole, due to an increased starch and lipid storage preparing these cells for growth upon suitable environmental conditions. To gain insights into the gene regulation underlying these developmental and physiological changes, we analyzed early transcriptome changes after 30, 60, and 180 min of ABA application and identified 1,030 differentially expressed genes. Among these, several groups can be linked to specific morphological and physiological changes during diaspore formation, such as genes involved in cell wall modifications. Furthermore, almost all members of ABA-dependent signaling and regulation were transcriptionally induced. Network analysis of transcription-associated genes revealed a large overlap of our study with ABA-dependent regulation in response to dehydration, cold stress, and UV-B light, indicating a fundamental function of ABA in diverse stress responses in moss. We also studied the evolutionary conservation of ABA-dependent regulation between moss and the seed plant Arabidopsis thaliana pointing to an early evolution of ABA-mediated stress adaptation during the conquest of the terrestrial habitat by plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Asif Arif
- Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biocenter, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Manuel Hiss
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marta Tomek
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rabea Meyberg
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tintelnot
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan A. Rensing, Wolfgang Frank,
| | - Wolfgang Frank
- Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biocenter, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan A. Rensing, Wolfgang Frank,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mechanisms Underlying Freezing and Desiccation Tolerance in Bryophytes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1081:167-187. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
14
|
Agarwal T, Upadhyaya G, Halder T, Mukherjee A, Majumder AL, Ray S. Different dehydrins perform separate functions in Physcomitrella patens. PLANTA 2017; 245:101-118. [PMID: 27638172 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrins, PpDHNA and PpDHNB from Physcomitrella patens provide drought and cold tolerance while PpDHNC shows antimicrobial property suggesting different dehydrins perform separate functions in P. patens. The moss Physcomitrella patens can withstand extremes of environmental condition including abiotic stress such as dehydration, salinity, low temperature and biotic stress such as pathogen attack. Osmotic stress is inflicted under both cold and drought stress conditions where dehydrins have been found to play a significant protective role. In this study, a comparative analysis was drawn for the three dehydrins PpDHNA, PpDHNB and PpDHNC from P. patens. Our data shows that PpDHNA and PpDHNB play a major role in cellular protection during osmotic stress. PpDHNB showed several fold upregulation of the gene when P. patens was subjected to cold and osmotic stress in combination. PpDHNA and PpDHNB provide protection to enzyme lactate dehydrogenase under osmotic as well as freezing conditions. PpDHNC possesses antibacterial activity and thus may have a role in biotic stress response. Overexpression of PpDHNA, PpDHNB and PpDHNC in transgenic tobacco showed a better performance for PpDHNB with respect to cold and osmotic stress. These results suggest that specific dehydrins contribute to tolerance of mosses under different stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Agarwal
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Gouranga Upadhyaya
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Tanmoy Halder
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Abhishek Mukherjee
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Arun Lahiri Majumder
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Sudipta Ray
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fesenko I, Seredina A, Arapidi G, Ptushenko V, Urban A, Butenko I, Kovalchuk S, Babalyan K, Knyazev A, Khazigaleeva R, Pushkova E, Anikanov N, Ivanov V, Govorun VM. The Physcomitrella patens Chloroplast Proteome Changes in Response to Protoplastation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1661. [PMID: 27867392 PMCID: PMC5095126 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant protoplasts are widely used for genetic manipulation and functional studies in transient expression systems. However, little is known about the molecular pathways involved in a cell response to the combined stress factors resulted from protoplast generation. Plants often face more than one type of stress at a time, and how plants respond to combined stress factors is therefore of great interest. Here, we used protoplasts of the moss Physcomitrella patens as a model to study the effects of short-term stress on the chloroplast proteome. Using label-free comparative quantitative proteomic analysis (SWATH-MS), we quantified 479 chloroplast proteins, 219 of which showed a more than 1.4-fold change in abundance in protoplasts. We additionally quantified 1451 chloroplast proteins using emPAI. We observed degradation of a significant portion of the chloroplast proteome following the first hour of stress imposed by the protoplast isolation process. Electron-transport chain (ETC) components underwent the heaviest degradation, resulting in the decline of photosynthetic activity. We also compared the proteome changes to those in the transcriptional level of nuclear-encoded chloroplast genes. Globally, the levels of the quantified proteins and their corresponding mRNAs showed limited correlation. Genes involved in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and components of the outer chloroplast membrane showed decreases in both transcript and protein abundance. However, proteins like dehydroascorbate reductase 1 and 2-cys peroxiredoxin B responsible for ROS detoxification increased in abundance. Further, genes such as thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase were induced at the transcriptional level but down-regulated at the proteomic level. Together, our results demonstrate that the initial chloroplast reaction to stress is due changes at the proteomic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Fesenko
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Anna Seredina
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Georgij Arapidi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Vasily Ptushenko
- Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
- Department of Biocatalysis, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Urban
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Butenko
- Laboratory of the Proteomic Analysis, Research Institute for Physico-Chemical MedicineMoscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kovalchuk
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Babalyan
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Knyazev
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Regina Khazigaleeva
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Elena Pushkova
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai Anikanov
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Ivanov
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Vadim M. Govorun
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
- Laboratory of the Proteomic Analysis, Research Institute for Physico-Chemical MedicineMoscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sulochana SB, Arumugam M. Influence of abscisic acid on growth, biomass and lipid yield of Scenedesmus quadricauda under nitrogen starved condition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 213:198-203. [PMID: 26949054 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Scenedesmus quadricauda, accumulated more lipid but with a drastic reduction in biomass yield during nitrogen starvation. Abscisic acid (ABA) being a stress responsible hormone, its effect on growth and biomass with sustainable lipid yield during nitrogen depletion was studied. The result revealed that the ABA level shoots up at 24h (27.21pmol/L) during the onset of nitrogen starvation followed by a sharp decline. The external supplemented ABA showed a positive effect on growth pattern (38×10(6)cells/ml) at a lower concentration. The dry biomass yield is also increasing up to 2.1 fold compared to nitrogen deficient S. quadricauda. The lipid content sustains in 1 and 2μM concentration of ABA under nitrogen-deficient condition. The fatty acid composition of ABA treated S. quadricauda cultures with respect to nitrogen-starved cells showed 11.17% increment in saturated fatty acid content, the desired lipid composition for biofuel application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujitha Balakrishnan Sulochana
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Muthu Arumugam
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghosh TK, Kaneko M, Akter K, Murai S, Komatsu K, Ishizaki K, Yamato KT, Kohchi T, Takezawa D. Abscisic acid-induced gene expression in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is mediated by evolutionarily conserved promoter elements. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 156:407-20. [PMID: 26456006 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone widely distributed among members of the land plant lineage (Embryophyta), regulating dormancy, stomata closure and tolerance to environmental stresses. In angiosperms (Magnoliophyta), ABA-induced gene expression is mediated by promoter elements such as the G-box-like ACGT-core motifs recognized by bZIP transcription factors. In contrast, the mode of regulation by ABA of gene expression in liverworts (Marchantiophyta), representing one of the earliest diverging land plant groups, has not been elucidated. In this study, we used promoters of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha dehydrin and the wheat Em genes fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene to investigate ABA-induced gene expression in liverworts. Transient assays of cultured cells of Marchantia indicated that ACGT-core motifs proximal to the transcription initiation site play a role in the ABA-induced gene expression. The RY sequence recognized by B3 transcriptional regulators was also shown to be responsible for the ABA-induced gene expression. In transgenic Marchantia plants, ABA treatment elicited an increase in GUS expression in young gemmalings, which was abolished by simultaneous disruption of the ACGT-core and RY elements. ABA-induced GUS expression was less obvious in mature thalli than in young gemmalings, associated with reductions in sensitivity to exogenous ABA during gametophyte growth. In contrast, lunularic acid, which had been suggested to function as an ABA-like substance, had no effect on GUS expression. The results demonstrate the presence of ABA-specific response mechanisms mediated by conserved cis-regulatory elements in liverworts, implying that the mechanisms had been acquired in the common ancestors of embryophytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Totan K Ghosh
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Midori Kaneko
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Khaleda Akter
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuhei Murai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Komatsu
- Department of Bioproduction Technology, Junior College of Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Katsuyuki T Yamato
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Raymond JA. Dependence on epiphytic bacteria for freezing protection in an Antarctic moss, Bryum argenteum. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:14-19. [PMID: 26417678 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mosses are the dominant flora of Antarctica, but their mechanisms of survival in the face of extreme low temperatures are poorly understood. A variety of Bryum argenteum from 77° S was previously shown to have strong ice-pitting activity, a sign of the presence of ice-binding proteins (IBPs) that mitigate freezing damage. Here, using samples that had been stored at -25(o) C for 10 years, it is shown that much if not all of the activity is due to bacterial ice-binding proteins secreted on the leaves of the moss. Sequencing of the leaf metagenome revealed the presence of hundreds of genes from a variety of bacteria (mostly Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes) that encode a domain (DUF3494) that is associated with ice binding. The frequency of occurrence of this domain is one to two orders of magnitude higher than it is in representative mesophilic bacterial metagenomes. Genes encoding 42 bacterial IBPs with N-terminal secretion signals were assembled. There appears to be a commensal relationship in which the moss provides sustenance to the bacteria in return for freezing protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Raymond
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu X, Liu B, Xue S, Cai Y, Qi W, Jian C, Xu S, Wang T, Ren H. Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) Nitric Oxide Synthase Associated Gene1 ( CsNOA1) Plays a Role in Chilling Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1652. [PMID: 27891134 PMCID: PMC5104743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule in plants, transducing information as a result of exposure to low temperatures. However, the underlying molecular mechanism linking NO with chilling stress is not well understood. Here, we functionally characterized the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) nitric oxide synthase-associated gene, NITRIC OXIDE ASSOCIATED 1 (CsNOA1). Expression analysis of CsNOA1, using quantitative real-time PCR, in situ hybridization, and a promoter::β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter assay, revealed that it is expressed mainly in the root and shoot apical meristem (SAM), and that expression is up-regulated by low temperatures. A CsNOA1-GFP fusion protein was found to be localized in the mitochondria, and ectopic expression of CsNOA1 in the A. thaliana noa1 mutant partially rescued the normal phenotype. When overexpressing CsNOA1 in the Atnoa1 mutant under normal condition, no obvious phenotypic differences was observed between its wild type and transgenic plants. However, the leaves from mutant plant grown under chilling conditions showed hydrophanous spots and wilting. Physiology tolerance markers, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm), and electrolyte leakage, were observed to dramatically change, compared mutant to overexpressing lines. Transgenic cucumber plants revealed that the gene is required by seedlings to tolerate chilling stress: constitutive over-expression of CsNOA1 led to a greater accumulation of soluble sugars, starch, and an up-regulation of Cold-regulatory C-repeat binding factor3 (CBF3) expression as well as a lower chilling damage index (CI). Conversely, suppression of CsNOA1 expression resulted in the opposite phenotype and a reduced NO content compared to wild type plants. Those results suggest that CsNOA1 regulates cucumber seedlings chilling tolerance. Additionally, under normal condition, we took several classic inhibitors to perform, and detect endogenous NO levels in wild type cucumber seedling. The results suggest that generation of endogenous NO in cucumber leaves occurs largely independently in the (CsNOA1) and nitrate reductase (NR) pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Horticulture and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Shudan Xue
- College of Horticulture and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yanlinq Cai
- College of Horticulture and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wenzhu Qi
- College of Horticulture and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Chen Jian
- College of Horticulture and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- College of Horticulture and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Horticulture and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- College of Horticulture and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huazhong Ren
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheng T, Chen J, Ef AA, Wang P, Wang G, Hu X, Shi J. Quantitative proteomics analysis reveals that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and nitric oxide signaling enhance poplar defense against chilling stress. PLANTA 2015; 242:1361-90. [PMID: 26232921 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
NO acts as the essential signal to enhance poplar tolerance to chilling stress via antioxidant enzyme activities and protein S -nitrosylation modification, NO signal is also strictly controlled by S -nitrosoglutathione reductase and nitrate reductase to avoid the over-accumulation of reactive nitrogen species. Poplar (Populus trichocarpa) are fast growing woody plants with both ecological and economic value; however, the mechanisms by which poplar adapts to environmental stress are poorly understood. In this study, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification proteomic approach to characterize the response of poplar exposed to cold stress. We identified 114 proteins that were differentially expressed in plants exposed to cold stress. In particular, some of the proteins are involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) metabolism. Further physiological analysis showed that nitric oxide (NO) signaling activated a series of downstream defense responses. We further demonstrated that NO activated antioxidant enzyme activities and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activities, which would reduce ROS and RNS toxicity and thereby enhance poplar tolerance to cold stress. Suppressing NO accumulation or GSNOR activity aggravated cold damage to poplar leaves. Moreover, our results showed that RNS can suppress the activities of GSNOR and NO nitrate reductase (NR) by S-nitrosylation to fine-tune the NO signal and modulate ROS levels by modulating the S-nitrosylation of ascorbate peroxidase protein. Hence, our data demonstrate that NO signaling activates multiple pathways that enhance poplar tolerances to cold stress, and that NO signaling is strictly controlled through protein post-translational modification by S-nitrosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tielong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biogeography, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biogeography, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Abd Allah Ef
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pengkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biogeography, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Guangping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biogeography, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Jisen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biogeography, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cuming AC, Stevenson SR. From pond slime to rain forest: the evolution of ABA signalling and the acquisition of dehydration tolerance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:5-7. [PMID: 25711244 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Cuming
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sean R Stevenson
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Takezawa D, Watanabe N, Ghosh TK, Saruhashi M, Suzuki A, Ishiyama K, Somemiya S, Kobayashi M, Sakata Y. Epoxycarotenoid-mediated synthesis of abscisic acid in Physcomitrella patens implicating conserved mechanisms for acclimation to hyperosmosis in embryophytes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:209-219. [PMID: 25545104 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants acclimate to environmental stress signals such as cold, drought and hypersalinity, and provoke internal protective mechanisms. Abscisic acid (ABA), a carotenoid-derived phytohormone, which increases in response to the stress signals above, has been suggested to play a key role in the acclimation process in angiosperms, but the role of ABA in basal land plants such as mosses, including its biosynthetic pathways, has not been clarified. Targeted gene disruption of PpABA1, encoding zeaxanthin epoxidase in the moss Physcomitrella patens was conducted to determine the role of endogenous ABA in acclimation processes in mosses. The generated ppaba1 plants were found to accumulate only a small amount of endogenous ABA. The ppaba1 plants showed reduced osmotic acclimation capacity in correlation with reduced dehydration tolerance and accumulation of late embryogenesis abundant proteins. By contrast, cold-induced freezing tolerance was less affected in ppaba1, indicating that endogenous ABA does not play a major role in the regulation of cold acclimation in the moss. Our results suggest that the mechanisms for osmotic acclimation mediated by carotenoid-derived synthesis of ABA are conserved in embryophytes and that acquisition of the mechanisms played a crucial role in terrestrial adaptation and colonization by land plant ancestors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
- Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Department of BioScience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Totan Kumar Ghosh
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masashi Saruhashi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishiyama
- Experimental Plant Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Somemiya
- Department of BioScience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Masatomo Kobayashi
- Experimental Plant Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of BioScience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Polysaccharides from Lower Plants: Bryophytes. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
24
|
Beike AK, Lang D, Zimmer AD, Wüst F, Trautmann D, Wiedemann G, Beyer P, Decker EL, Reski R. Insights from the cold transcriptome of Physcomitrella patens: global specialization pattern of conserved transcriptional regulators and identification of orphan genes involved in cold acclimation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:869-81. [PMID: 25209349 PMCID: PMC4301180 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The whole-genome transcriptomic cold stress response of the moss Physcomitrella patens was analyzed and correlated with phenotypic and metabolic changes. Based on time-series microarray experiments and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we characterized the transcriptomic changes related to early stress signaling and the initiation of cold acclimation. Transcription-associated protein (TAP)-encoding genes of P. patens and Arabidopsis thaliana were classified using generalized linear models. Physiological responses were monitored with pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorometry, high-performance liquid chromatography and targeted high-performance mass spectrometry. The transcript levels of 3220 genes were significantly affected by cold. Comparative classification revealed a global specialization of TAP families, a transcript accumulation of transcriptional regulators of the stimulus/stress response and a transcript decline of developmental regulators. Although transcripts of the intermediate to later response are from evolutionarily conserved genes, the early response is dominated by species-specific genes. These orphan genes may encode as yet unknown acclimation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Beike
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Lang
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas D Zimmer
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum FreiburgBreisacherstr. 33, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Wüst
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Danika Trautmann
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique28 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68021, Colmar, France
| | - Gertrud Wiedemann
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Beyer
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva L Decker
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
- FRISYS - Freiburg Initiative for Systems Biology79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS–Centre for Biological Signaling Studies79104, Freiburg, Germany
- FRIAS– Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies79104, Freiburg, Germany
- TIP–Trinational Institute for Plant Research79104, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lind L, Nilsson C, Weber C. Effects of ice and floods on vegetation in streams in cold regions: implications for climate change. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4173-84. [PMID: 25505542 PMCID: PMC4242568 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Riparian zones support some of the most dynamic and species-rich plant communities in cold regions. A common conception among plant ecologists is that flooding during the season when plants are dormant generally has little effect on the survival and production of riparian vegetation. We show that winter floods may also be of fundamental importance for the composition of riverine vegetation. We investigated the effects of ice formation on riparian and in-stream vegetation in northern Sweden using a combination of experiments and observations in 25 reaches, spanning a gradient from ice-free to ice-rich reaches. The ice-rich reaches were characterized by high production of frazil and anchor ice. In a couple of experiments, we exposed riparian vegetation to experimentally induced winter flooding, which reduced the dominant dwarf-shrub cover and led to colonization of a species-rich forb-dominated vegetation. In another experiment, natural winter floods caused by anchor-ice formation removed plant mimics both in the in-stream and in the riparian zone, further supporting the result that anchor ice maintains dynamic plant communities. With a warmer winter climate, ice-induced winter floods may first increase in frequency because of more frequent shifts between freezing and thawing during winter, but further warming and shortening of the winter might make them less common than today. If ice-induced winter floods become reduced in number because of a warming climate, an important disturbance agent for riparian and in-stream vegetation will be removed, leading to reduced species richness in streams and rivers in cold regions. Given that such regions are expected to have more plant species in the future because of immigration from the south, the distribution of species richness among habitats can be expected to show novel patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Lind
- Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christer Nilsson
- Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christine Weber
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Seestrasse 79, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Akter K, Kato M, Sato Y, Kaneko Y, Takezawa D. Abscisic acid-induced rearrangement of intracellular structures associated with freezing and desiccation stress tolerance in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1334-43. [PMID: 25046754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant growth regulator abscisic acid (ABA) is known to be involved in triggering responses to various environmental stresses such as freezing and desiccation in angiosperms, but little is known about its role in basal land plants, especially in liverworts, representing the earliest land plant lineage. We show here that survival rate after freezing and desiccation of Marchantia polymorpha gemmalings was increased by pretreatment with ABA in the presence of increasing concentrations of sucrose. ABA treatment increased accumulation of soluble sugars in gemmalings, and sugar accumulation was further increased by addition of sucrose to the culture medium. ABA treatment of gemmalings also induced accumulation of transcripts for proteins with similarity to late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, which accumulate in association with acquisition of desiccation tolerance in maturing seeds. Observation by light and electron microscopy indicated that the ABA treatment caused fragmentation of vacuoles with increased cytosolic volume, which was more prominent in the presence of a high concentration of external sucrose. ABA treatment also increased the density of chloroplast distribution and remarkably enlarged their volume. These results demonstrate that ABA induces drastic physiological changes in liverwort cells for stress tolerance, accompanied by accumulation of protectants against dehydration and rearrangement and morphological alterations of cellular organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaleda Akter
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kaneko
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Group A PP2Cs evolved in land plants as key regulators of intrinsic desiccation tolerance. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2219. [PMID: 23900426 PMCID: PMC3731658 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetative desiccation tolerance is common in bryophytes, although this character has been lost in most vascular plants. The moss Physcomitrella patens survives complete desiccation if treated with abscisic acid (ABA). Group A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2C) are negative regulators of abscisic acid signalling. Here we show that the elimination of Group A PP2C is sufficient to ensure P. patens survival to full desiccation, without ABA treatment, although its growth is severely hindered. Microarray analysis shows that the Group A PP2C-regulated genes exclusively overlap with genes exhibiting a high level of ABA induction. Group A PP2C disruption weakly affects ABA-activated kinase activity, indicating Group A PP2C action downstream of these kinases in the moss. We propose that Group A PP2C emerged in land plants to repress desiccation tolerance mechanisms, possibly facilitating plants propagation on land, whereas ABA releases the intrinsic desiccation tolerance from Group A PP2C regulation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Lind L, Nilsson C, Polvi LE, Weber C. The role of ice dynamics in shaping vegetation in flowing waters. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 89:791-804. [PMID: 24393609 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Lind
- Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science; Umeå University; SE-901 87 Umeå Sweden
| | - Christer Nilsson
- Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science; Umeå University; SE-901 87 Umeå Sweden
| | - Lina E. Polvi
- Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science; Umeå University; SE-901 87 Umeå Sweden
| | - Christine Weber
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; CH-6047 Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Klavina L. Polysaccharides from Lower Plants: Bryophytes. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_11-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
31
|
Pisa S, Werner O, Vanderpoorten A, Magdy M, Ros RM. Elevational patterns of genetic variation in the cosmopolitan moss Bryum argenteum (Bryaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:2000-2008. [PMID: 24091785 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The Baas Becking tenet posits that 'everything is everywhere, but the environment selects' to explain cosmopolitan distributions in highly vagile taxa. Bryophyte species show wider distributions than vascular plants and include examples of truly cosmopolitan ranges, which have been interpreted as a result of high dispersal capacities and ecological plasticity. In the current study, we documented patterns of genetic structure and diversity in the cosmopolitan moss Bryum argenteum along an elevational gradient to determine if genetic diversity and structure is homogenized by intense migrations in the lack of ecological differentiation. • METHODS 60 specimens were collected in the Sierra Nevada Mountains (Spain) between 100 and 2870 m and sequenced for ITS and rps4. Comparative analyses, genetic diversity estimators, and Mantel's tests were employed to determine the relationship between genetic variation, elevation, and geographic distance and to look for signs of demographic shifts. • KEY RESULTS Genetic diversity peaked above 1900 m and no signs of demographic shifts were detected at any elevation. There was a strong phylogenetic component in elevational variation. Genetic variation was significantly correlated with elevation, but not with geographic distance. • CONCLUSIONS The results point to the long-term persistence of Bryum argenteum in a range that was glaciated during the Late Pleistocene. Evidence for an environmentally driven pattern of genetic differentiation suggests adaptive divergence. This supports the Baas Becking tenet and indicates that ecological specialization might play a key role in explaining patterns of genetic structure in cosmopolitan mosses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pisa
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Koselski M, Trebacz K, Dziubinska H. Cation-permeable vacuolar ion channels in the moss Physcomitrella patens: a patch-clamp study. PLANTA 2013; 238:357-67. [PMID: 23716185 PMCID: PMC3722460 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Patch-clamp studies carried out on the tonoplast of the moss Physcomitrella patens point to existence of two types of cation-selective ion channels: slowly activated (SV channels), and fast-activated potassium-selective channels. Slowly and instantaneously saturating currents were observed in the whole-vacuole recordings made in the symmetrical KCl concentration and in the presence of Ca(2+) on both sides of the tonoplast. The reversal potential obtained at the KCl gradient (10 mM on the cytoplasmic side and 100 mM in the vacuole lumen) was close to the reversal potential for K(+) (E K), indicating K(+) selectivity. Recordings in cytoplasm-out patches revealed two distinct channel populations differing in conductance: 91.6 ± 0.9 pS (n = 14) at -80 mV and 44.7 ± 0.7 pS (n = 14) at +80 mV. When NaCl was used instead of KCl, clear slow vacuolar SV channel activity was observed both in whole-vacuole and cytoplasm-out membrane patches. There were no instantaneously saturating currents, which points to impermeability of fast-activated potassium channels to Na(+) and K(+) selectivity. In the symmetrical concentration of NaCl on both sides of the tonoplast, currents have been measured exclusively at positive voltages indicating Na(+) influx to the vacuole. Recordings with different concentrations of cytoplasmic and vacuolar Ca(2+) revealed that SV channel activity was regulated by both cytoplasmic and vacuolar calcium. While cytoplasmic Ca(2+) activated SV channels, vacuolar Ca(2+) inhibited their activity. Dependence of fast-activated potassium channels on the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) was also determined. These channels were active even without Ca(2+) (2 mM EGTA in the cytosol and the vacuole lumen), although their open probability significantly increased at 0.1 μM Ca(2+) on the cytoplasmic side. Apart from monovalent cations (K(+) and Na(+)), SV channels were permeable to divalent cations (Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)). Both monovalent and divalent cations passed through the channels in the same direction-from the cytoplasm to the vacuole. The identity of the vacuolar ion channels in Physcomitrella and ion channels already characterised in different plants is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Koselski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang N, Peng C, Cheng D, Huang Q, Xu G, Gao F, Chen L. The over-expression of calmodulin from Antarctic notothenioid fish increases cold tolerance in tobacco. Gene 2013; 521:32-7. [PMID: 23528224 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genes involved in the calcium signalling pathway have a relationship with cold tolerance in many plants. The primary reaction to many different environmental stresses is an increase in the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration. Such variations in the Ca(2+) concentration could change the activity of Ca(2+)-dependent protein functions, further regulating the expression of stress-related genes; therefore, the Ca(2+) signalling pathway is involved in the biological stress reaction. The expression of the calcium-modulated protein gene, calmodulin, in Antarctic notothenioid fish (Dissostichus mawsoni) accounts for 0.23% of all transcripts, which is a very high level of expression in this cold-water fish. To elucidate the function of calmodulin (CaM) from Antarctic notothenioid fishes, we introduced the calmodulin (CaM) gene into tobacco plants using a viral vector based on pea early browning virus (PEBV). RT-PCR and Western blot results confirmed that the CaM gene was over-expressed in tobacco. Under low-temperature stress, the CaM transgenic plants exhibited faster growth than wild-type plants. The physiological and biochemical effects of the high-level expression of CaM in tobacco were analysed, and the changes in the electrolyte leakage activity and malondialdehyde content showed that CaM over-expression in tobacco increased the cold tolerance of the plants. These results demonstrate that CaM can possibly be used to enhance the low-temperature tolerance of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Next-generation sequencing-based transcriptome profiling analysis of Pohlia nutans reveals insight into the stress-relevant genes in Antarctic moss. Extremophiles 2013; 17:391-403. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-013-0528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
35
|
Li C, Rudi H, Stockinger EJ, Cheng H, Cao M, Fox SE, Mockler TC, Westereng B, Fjellheim S, Rognli OA, Sandve SR. Comparative analyses reveal potential uses of Brachypodium distachyon as a model for cold stress responses in temperate grasses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:65. [PMID: 22569006 PMCID: PMC3487962 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the potential of Brachypodium distachyon as a model for low temperature stress responses in Pooideae. The ice recrystallization inhibition protein (IRIP) genes, fructosyltransferase (FST) genes, and many C-repeat binding factor (CBF) genes are Pooideae specific and important in low temperature responses. Here we used comparative analyses to study conservation and evolution of these gene families in B. distachyon to better understand its potential as a model species for agriculturally important temperate grasses. RESULTS Brachypodium distachyon contains cold responsive IRIP genes which have evolved through Brachypodium specific gene family expansions. A large cold responsive CBF3 subfamily was identified in B. distachyon, while CBF4 homologs are absent from the genome. No B. distachyon FST gene homologs encode typical core Pooideae FST-motifs and low temperature induced fructan accumulation was dramatically different in B. distachyon compared to core Pooideae species. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that B. distachyon can serve as an interesting model for specific molecular mechanisms involved in low temperature responses in core Pooideae species. However, the evolutionary history of key genes involved in low temperature responses has been different in Brachypodium and core Pooideae species. These differences limit the use of B. distachyon as a model for holistic studies relevant for agricultural core Pooideae species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, ÅS, Norway
| | - Heidi Rudi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, ÅS, Norway
| | - Eric J Stockinger
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Hongmei Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Moju Cao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Samuel E Fox
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Todd C Mockler
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Bjørge Westereng
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Siri Fjellheim
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, ÅS, Norway
| | - Odd Arne Rognli
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, ÅS, Norway
| | - Simen R Sandve
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, ÅS, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang H, Jin S, Chen X, Gen X, He Y. Target deletion of the AAA ATPase PpCDC48II in Physcomitrella patens results in freezing sensitivity after cold acclimation. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 55:150-7. [PMID: 22415686 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
CDC48 is a highly conserved protein in eukaryotes and belongs to the AAA (ATPase associated with a variety of cellular activities) superfamily. It can interact with many different co-factors and form protein complexes that play important roles in various cellular processes. According to the Physcomitrella patens database, one member of the ATPases, the cell cycle gene PpCDC48II, was cloned. PpCDC48II contains two typical ATPase modules and is highly homologous to AtCDC48A. PpCDC48II was up-regulated in mRNA levels after incubation at 0°C for 36 and 72 h. To further elucidate protein function, we disrupted the PpCDC48II gene by transforming P. patens with the corresponding linear genomic sequences. When treated to the same freezing stress, it was found that PpCDC48II knockout plants were less resistant to freezing treatment than wild type after acclimation. This suggested that PpCDC48II was an essential gene for low-temperature-induced freezing tolerance in P. patens cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bhyan SB, Minami A, Kaneko Y, Suzuki S, Arakawa K, Sakata Y, Takezawa D. Cold acclimation in the moss Physcomitrella patens involves abscisic acid-dependent signaling. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:137-45. [PMID: 21958596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Overwintering plants develop tolerance to freezing stress through a cold acclimation process by which the cells provoke internal protective mechanisms against freezing. The stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is known to increase freezing tolerance of plant cells, but its role in cold acclimation has not been determined. In this study, we used ABA-insensitive lines of the moss Physcomitrella patens to determine whether cold acclimation in bryophytes involves an ABA-dependent process. Two ABA-insensitive lines, both impaired in ABA signaling without showing ABA-induced stress tolerance, were subjected to cold acclimation, and changes in freezing tolerance and accumulation of soluble sugars and proteins were compared to the wild type. The wild-type cells acquired freezing tolerance in response to cold acclimation treatment, but very little increase in freezing tolerance was observed in the ABA-insensitive lines. Analysis of low-molecular-weight soluble sugars indicated that the ABA-insensitive lines accumulated sucrose, a major compatible solute in bryophytes, to levels comparable with those of the wild type during cold acclimation. However, accumulation of the trisaccharide theanderose and of specific LEA-like boiling-soluble proteins was very limited in the ABA-insensitive lines. Furthermore, analysis of cold-induced expression of genes encoding LEA-like proteins revealed that the ABA-insensitive lines accumulate only small amounts of these transcripts during cold acclimation. Our results indicate that cold acclimation of bryophytes requires an ABA-dependent signaling process. The results also suggest that cold-induced sugar accumulation, depending on the sugar species, can either be dependent or independent of the ABA-signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Begum Bhyan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu X, Wang Y, Gao H, Xu X. Identification and characterization of genes encoding two novel LEA proteins in Antarctic and temperate strains of Chlorella vulgaris. Gene 2011; 482:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
39
|
Takezawa D, Komatsu K, Sakata Y. ABA in bryophytes: how a universal growth regulator in life became a plant hormone? JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2011; 124:437-53. [PMID: 21416316 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-011-0410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is not a plant-specific compound but one found in organisms across kingdoms from bacteria to animals, suggesting that it is a ubiquitous and versatile substance that can modulate physiological functions of various organisms. Recent studies have shown that plants developed an elegant system for ABA sensing and early signal transduction mechanisms to modulate responses to environmental stresses for survival in terrestrial conditions. ABA-induced increase in stress tolerance has been reported not only in vascular plants but also in non-vascular bryophytes. Since bryophytes are the key group of organisms in the context of plant evolution, clarification of their ABA-dependent processes is important for understanding evolutionary adaptation of land plants. Molecular approaches using Physcomitrella patens have revealed that ABA plays a role in dehydration stress tolerance in mosses, which comprise a major group of bryophytes. Furthermore, we recently reported that signaling machinery for ABA responses is also conserved in liverworts, representing the most basal members of extant land plant lineage. Conservation of the mechanism for ABA sensing and responses in angiosperms and basal land plants suggests that acquisition of this mechanism for stress tolerance in vegetative tissues was one of the critical evolutionary events for adaptation to the land. This review describes the role of ABA in basal land plants as well as non-land plant organisms and further elaborates on recent progress in molecular studies of model bryophytes by comparative and functional genomic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Timmerhaus G, Hanke ST, Buchta K, Rensing SA. Prediction and validation of promoters involved in the abscisic acid response in Physcomitrella patens. MOLECULAR PLANT 2011; 4:713-29. [PMID: 21398384 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Detection of cis-regulatory elements, such as transcription factor binding sites (TFBS), through utilization of ortholog conservation is possible only if genomic data from closely related organisms are available. An alternative approach is the detection of TFBS based on their overrepresentation in promoters of co-regulated genes. However, this approach usually suffers from a high rate of false-positive prediction. Here, we have conducted a case study using promoters of genes known to be strongly induced by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) in the model plant Physcomitrella patens, a moss. Putative TFBS were detected using three de novo motif detection tools in a strict consensus approach. The resulting motifs were validated using data from microarray expression profiling and were able to predict ABA-induced genes with high specificity (90.48%) at mediocre sensitivity (33.33%). In addition, 27 genes predicted to contain ABA-responsive TFBS were validated using real-time PCR. Here, a total of 37% of the genes could be shown to be induced upon ABA treatment, while 70% were found to be regulated by ABA. We conclude that the consensus approach for motif detection using co-regulation information can be used to identify genes that are regulated under a given stimulus. In terms of evolution, we find that the ABA response has apparently been conserved since the first land plants on the level of families involved in transcriptional regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Timmerhaus
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Involvement of the CYP78A subfamily of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in protonema growth and gametophore formation in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:331-6. [PMID: 21350301 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CYP78 is a plant-specific family of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, some members of which regulate the plastochron length and organ size in angiosperms. The CYP78 family appears to be highly conserved in land plants, but there have been no reports on the role of CYP78s in bryophytes. The moss, Physcomitrella patens, possesses two CYP78As, CYP78A27 and CYP78A28. We produced single and double mutants and overexpression lines for CYP78A27 and CYP78A28 by gene targeting to investigate the function of CYP78As in P. patens. Neither the cyp78a27 nor cyp78a28 single mutant showed any obvious phenotype, while the double mutant exhibited severely retarded protonemal growth and gametophore development. The endogenous levels of some plant hormones were also altered in the double mutant. Transgenic lines that overexpressed CYP78A27 or CYP78A28 showed delayed and reduced bud formation. Our results suggest that CYP78As participate in the synthesis of a critical growth regulator in P. patens.
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang X, Kuang T, He Y. Conservation between higher plants and the moss Physcomitrella patens in response to the phytohormone abscisic acid: a proteomics analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:192. [PMID: 20799958 PMCID: PMC2956542 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is ubiquitous among land plants where it plays an important role in plant growth and development. In seeds, ABA induces embryogenesis and seed maturation as well as seed dormancy and germination. In vegetative tissues, ABA is a necessary mediator in the triggering of many of the physiological and molecular adaptive responses of the plant to adverse environmental conditions, such as desiccation, salt and cold. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the influence of abscisic acid (ABA) on Physcomitrella patens at the level of the proteome using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sixty-five protein spots showed changes in response to ABA treatment. Among them, thirteen protein spots were down-regulated; fifty-two protein spots were up-regulated including four protein spots which were newly induced. These proteins were involved in various functions, including material and energy metabolism, defense, protein destination and storage, transcription, signal transduction, cell growth/division, transport, and cytoskeleton. Specifically, most of the up-regulated proteins functioned as molecular chaperones, transcriptional regulators, and defense proteins. Detailed analysis of these up-regulated proteins showed that ABA could trigger stress and defense responses and protect plants from oxidative damage. Otherwise, three protein kinases involved in signal pathways were up-regulated suggesting that P. patens is sensitive to exogenous ABA. The down-regulated of the Rubisco small subunit, photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex proteins and photosystem assembly protein ycf3 indicated that photosynthesis of P. patens was inhibited by ABA treatment. CONCLUSION Proteome analysis techniques have been applied as a direct, effective, and reliable tool in differential protein expressions. Sixty-five protein spots showed differences in accumulation levels as a result of treatment with ABA. Detailed analysis these protein functions showed that physiological and molecular responses to the plant hormone ABA appear to be conserved among higher plant species and bryophytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Beijing 102206, China
- Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, US
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yikun He
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Richardt S, Timmerhaus G, Lang D, Qudeimat E, Corrêa LGG, Reski R, Rensing SA, Frank W. Microarray analysis of the moss Physcomitrella patens reveals evolutionarily conserved transcriptional regulation of salt stress and abscisic acid signalling. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 72:27-45. [PMID: 19806323 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-009-9550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory networks of salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA) responses have previously been analyzed in seed plants. Here, we report microarray expression profiles of 439 genes encoding transcription-associated proteins (TAPs) in response to salt stress and ABA in the salt-tolerant moss Physcomitrella patens. Fourteen and 56 TAP genes were differentially expressed within 60 min of NaCl and ABA treatment, respectively, indicating that these responses are regulated at the transcriptional level. Overlapping expression profiles, as well as the up-regulation of ABA biosynthesis genes, suggest that ABA mediates the salt stress responses in P. patens. Comparison to public gene expression data of Arabidopsis thaliana and phylogenetic analyses suggest that the role of DREB-like, Dof, and bHLH TAPs in salt stress responses have been conserved during embryophyte evolution, and that the function of ABI3-like, bZIP, HAP3, and CO-like TAPs in seed development and flowering emerged from pre-existing ABA and light signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Richardt
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang X, Yang P, Zhang X, Xu Y, Kuang T, Shen S, He Y. Proteomic analysis of the cold stress response in the moss, Physcomitrella patens. Proteomics 2009; 9:4529-38. [PMID: 19670371 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cold stress has adverse effects on plant growth and development. Plants respond and acclimate to cold stress through various biochemical and physiological processes, thereby acquiring stress tolerance. To better understand the basis for tolerance, we carried out a proteomic study in the model moss, Physcomitrella patens, characterizing gametophore proteins with 2-DE and mass spectroscopy. Following exposure to 0 degrees C for up to 3 days, out of the more than 1000 protein spots reproducibly resolved, only 45 changed in abundance by at least 1.5-fold. Of these, 35 were identified by tryptic digestion and mass spectroscopy. Photosynthetic proteins decreased, whereas many catabolic proteins increased. In addition, cold stress up-regulated a variety of signaling, cytoskeleton, and defense proteins and few proteins in these classes were down-regulated. Up-regulated proteins include the 14-3-3-like protein, actin, HSP70s, lipoxygenases, and cytochrome P450 proteins. These results point to pathways that are important for the mechanism of cold stress response in P. patens and by extension to the entire plant kingdom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Komatsu K, Nishikawa Y, Ohtsuka T, Taji T, Quatrano RS, Tanaka S, Sakata Y. Functional analyses of the ABI1-related protein phosphatase type 2C reveal evolutionarily conserved regulation of abscisic acid signaling between Arabidopsis and the moss Physcomitrella patens. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 70:327-40. [PMID: 19266168 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-009-9476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We employed a comparative genomic approach to understand protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C)-mediated abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Ectopic expression of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) abi1-1, a dominant mutant allele of ABI1 encoding a PP2C involved in the negative regulation of ABA signaling, caused ABA insensitivity of P. patens both in gene expression of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes and in ABA-induced protonemal growth inhibition. The transgenic abi1-1 plants showed decreased ABA-induced freezing tolerance, and decreased tolerance to osmotic stress. Analyses of the P. patens genome revealed that only two (PpABI1A and PpABI1B) PP2C genes were related to ABI1. In the ppabi1a null mutants, ABA-induced expression of LEA genes was elevated, and protonemal growth was inhibited with lower ABA concentration compared to the wild type. Moreover, ABA-induced freezing tolerance of the ppabi1a mutants was markedly enhanced. We provide the genetic evidence that PP2C-mediated ABA signaling is evolutionarily conserved between Arabidopsis and P. patens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Komatsu
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang XQ, Yang PF, Liu Z, Liu WZ, Hu Y, Chen H, Kuang TY, Pei ZM, Shen SH, He YK. Exploring the mechanism of Physcomitrella patens desiccation tolerance through a proteomic strategy. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 149:1739-50. [PMID: 19211702 PMCID: PMC2663739 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.131714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The moss Physcomitrella patens has been shown to tolerate abiotic stresses, including salinity, cold, and desiccation. To better understand this plant's mechanism of desiccation tolerance, we have applied cellular and proteomic analyses. Gametophores were desiccated over 1 month to 10% of their original fresh weight. We report that during the course of dehydration, several related processes are set in motion: plasmolysis, chloroplast remodeling, and microtubule depolymerization. Despite the severe desiccation, the membrane system maintains integrity. Through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and image analysis, we identified 71 proteins as desiccation responsive. Following identification and functional categorization, we found that a majority of the desiccation-responsive proteins were involved in metabolism, cytoskeleton, defense, and signaling. Degradation of cytoskeletal proteins might result in cytoskeletal disassembly and consequent changes in the cell structure. Late embryogenesis abundant proteins and reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes are both prominently induced, and they might help to diminish the damage brought by desiccation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
YU J. Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Dongnongdongmai 1 before Wintering in High-Cold Area. ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA 2009. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2008.02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
48
|
Qiu Y, Vishnivetskaya TA, Lubman DM. Proteomic Insights: Cryoadaptation of Permafrost Bacteria. SOIL BIOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-69371-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
|
49
|
Nagao M, Matsui K, Uemura M. Klebsormidium flaccidum, a charophycean green alga, exhibits cold acclimation that is closely associated with compatible solute accumulation and ultrastructural changes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2008; 31:872-85. [PMID: 18315534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the fundamental mechanisms and subsequent evolutionary aspects of plant cold acclimation, we examined the effect of cold acclimation on freezing tolerance in Klebsormidium flaccidum, a green alga belonging to Charophyceae, a sister group of land plants. Freezing tolerance of K. flaccidum was significantly enhanced by cold treatment: survival increased from 15% at -10 degrees C when grown at 18 degrees C to 55 and 85% after exposure at 2 degrees C for 2 and 7 d, respectively. Accompanying the development of freezing tolerance, soluble sugars (glucose and sucrose), a putative glycoside and amino acids, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), accumulated to high levels in the alga, suggesting that these solutes play a crucial role in the cold acclimation of K. flaccidum. Interestingly, the application of abscisic acid (ABA) did not change the freezing tolerance of the alga. We also observed changes in cell structure, including increased numbers and sizes of starch grains in chloroplasts, chloroplast enlargement, vacuole size reduction and cytoplasmic volume increase. These results suggest that K. flaccidum responds well to cold treatment and develops freezing tolerance in a process comparable to that of land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nagao
- Cryobiosystem Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang W, Meng B, Chen W, Ge X, Liu S, Yu J. A proteomic study on postdiapaused embryonic development of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). Proteomics 2008; 7:3580-91. [PMID: 17907269 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Encysted gastrula of brine shrimp (Artemia, Crustacea, and Anostraca) provides an excellent model for studying molecular processes of diapause. We report a proteomic study on early molecular responses of Artemia's postdiapaused cysts and found that dehydrated cysts actually store more proteins, in both kind and amount, than developing cysts. We identified 75 differentially expressed proteins over a course of cyst development, and also exploited PTMs of dehydrate cysts. We further surveyed gene expression of postdiapaused cysts in early developmental phases in a 0.5 h interval up to the seventh hour, and discovered that the activation of cellular activities is ignited as early as 0.5 h after rehydration. We traced nine differentially expressed proteins (COXI, COXIII, heat shock proteins (HSP26, HSP60, and HSP70), CDC48, late embryogenesis abundant (LEA), GS1-like protein, and cathepsin L-associated protein (CLAP)) for quantitative transcriptional changes, monitored by real-time PCR, and found these proteins exhibiting distinct expression patterns that suggest complex gene regulations for cyst reactivation after diapause breakage. Future experiments should be designed to focus on early activation concerning signal transduction, energy generation, and PTMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|