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López-Ruíz BA, García-Ponce B, de la Paz Sánchez M, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Urrutia AO, Garay-Arroyo A. Genome-wide association studies meta-analysis uncovers NOJO and SGS3 novel genes involved in Arabidopsis thaliana primary root development and plasticity. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:763. [PMID: 38874813 PMCID: PMC11178574 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabidopsis thaliana primary root growth has become a model for evo-devo studies due to its simplicity and facility to record cell proliferation and differentiation. To identify new genetic components relevant to primary root growth, we used a Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) meta-analysis approach using data published in the last decade. In this work, we performed intra and inter-studies analyses to discover new genetic components that could participate in primary root growth. METHODS AND RESULTS We used 639 accessions from nine different studies under control conditions and performed different GWAS tests. We found that primary root growth changes were associated with 41 genes, of which six (14.6%) have been previously described as inhibitors or promoters of primary root growth. The knockdown lines of two genes, Suppressor of Gene Silencing (SGS3), involved in tasiRNA processing, and a gene with a Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) motif named NOJOCH MOOTS (NOJO), confirmed their role as repressors of primary root growth, none has been shown to participate in this developmental process before. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our GWAS analysis of different available studies identified new genes that participate in primary root growth; two of them were identified as repressors of primary root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Anabel López-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Depto. de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C. U. CDMX, México
| | - Berenice García-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Depto. de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C. U. CDMX, México
| | - María de la Paz Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Depto. de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C. U. CDMX, México
| | - Elena R Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Depto. de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C. U. CDMX, México
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, UNAM, CDMX, México
| | - Araxi O Urrutia
- Laboratorio de Genómica Evolutiva y Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Mexico City, México.
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Depto. de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C. U. CDMX, México.
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, UNAM, CDMX, México.
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2
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Park YJ, Nam BE, Park CM. Environmentally adaptive reshaping of plant photomorphogenesis by karrikin and strigolactone signaling. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:865-882. [PMID: 38116738 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated morphogenic adaptation of growing plants is critical for their survival and propagation under fluctuating environments. Plant morphogenic responses to light and warm temperatures, termed photomorphogenesis and thermomorphogenesis, respectively, have been extensively studied in recent decades. During photomorphogenesis, plants actively reshape their growth and developmental patterns to cope with changes in light regimes. Accordingly, photomorphogenesis is closely associated with diverse growth hormonal cues. Notably, accumulating evidence indicates that light-directed morphogenesis is profoundly affected by two recently identified phytochemicals, karrikins (KARs) and strigolactones (SLs). KARs and SLs are structurally related butenolides acting as signaling molecules during a variety of developmental steps, including seed germination. Their receptors and signaling mediators have been identified, and associated working mechanisms have been explored using gene-deficient mutants in various plant species. Of particular interest is that the KAR and SL signaling pathways play important roles in environmental responses, among which their linkages with photomorphogenesis are most comprehensively studied during seedling establishment. In this review, we focus on how the phytochemical and light signals converge on the optimization of morphogenic fitness. We also discuss molecular mechanisms underlying the signaling crosstalks with an aim of developing potential ways to improve crop productivity under climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Park
- Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Bo Eun Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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3
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Hu D, Zhao Z, Nazir MF, Sun G, Peng Z, Jia Y, Geng X, Wang L, Pan Z, Li H, Chen B, Sun F, He S, Du X. Identification and characterization of candidate genes for primary root length in Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:52. [PMID: 38369650 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE One major gene controlling primary root length (PRL) in Gossypium arboreum is identified and this research provides a theoretical basis for root development for cotton. Primary root elongation is an essential process in plant root system structure. Here, we investigated the primary root length (PRL) of 215 diploid cotton (G. arboreum) accessions at 5, 8, 10, 15 days after sowing. A Genome-wide association study was performed for the PRL, resulting in 49 significant SNPs associated with 32 putative candidate genes. The SNP with the strongest signal (Chr07_8047530) could clearly distinguish the PRLs between accessions with two haplotypes. GamurG is the only gene that showed higher relative expression in the long PRL genotypes than the short PRL genotypes, which indicated it was the most likely candidate gene for regulating PRL. Moreover, the GamurG-silenced cotton seedlings showed a shorter PRL, while the GamurG-overexpressed Arabidopsis exhibited a significantly longer PRL. Our findings provide insight into the regulation mechanism of cotton root growth and will facilitate future breeding programs to optimize the root system structure in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daowu Hu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Anyang Henan, 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572024, China
| | - Zibo Zhao
- School of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Mian Faisal Nazir
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Anyang Henan, 455000, China
| | - Gaofei Sun
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Anyang Henan, 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572024, China
| | - Yinhua Jia
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Anyang Henan, 455000, China
| | - Xiaoli Geng
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Anyang Henan, 455000, China
| | - Liru Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Anyang Henan, 455000, China
| | - Zhaoe Pan
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Anyang Henan, 455000, China
| | - Hongge Li
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Anyang Henan, 455000, China
| | - Baojun Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Anyang Henan, 455000, China
| | - Fenglei Sun
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Anyang Henan, 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572024, China
| | - Shoupu He
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Anyang Henan, 455000, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China.
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572024, China.
| | - Xiongming Du
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Anyang Henan, 455000, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China.
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572024, China.
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Li J, Zeng J, Tian Z, Zhao Z. Root-specific photoreception directs early root development by HY5-regulated ROS balance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313092121. [PMID: 38300870 PMCID: PMC10861875 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313092121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Root development is tightly controlled by light, and the response is thought to depend on signal transmission from the shoot. Here, we show that the root apical meristem perceives light independently from aboveground organs to activate the light-regulated transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). The ROS balance between H2O2 and superoxide anion in the root is disturbed under darkness with increased H2O2. We demonstrate that root-derived HY5 directly activates PER6 expression to eliminate H2O2. Moreover, HY5 directly represses UPBEAT1, a known inhibitor of peroxidases, to release the expression of PERs, partially contributing to the light control of ROS balance in the root. Our results reveal an unexpected ability in roots with specific photoreception and provide a mechanistic framework for the HY5-mediated interaction between light and ROS signaling in early root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, China
| | - Zhaoxia Tian
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, China
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5
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Yun F, Liu H, Deng Y, Hou X, Liao W. The Role of Light-Regulated Auxin Signaling in Root Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065253. [PMID: 36982350 PMCID: PMC10049345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The root is an important organ for obtaining nutrients and absorbing water and carbohydrates, and it depends on various endogenous and external environmental stimulations such as light, temperature, water, plant hormones, and metabolic constituents. Auxin, as an essential plant hormone, can mediate rooting under different light treatments. Therefore, this review focuses on summarizing the functions and mechanisms of light-regulated auxin signaling in root development. Some light-response components such as phytochromes (PHYs), cryptochromes (CRYs), phototropins (PHOTs), phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) and constitutive photo-morphorgenic 1 (COP1) regulate root development. Moreover, light mediates the primary root, lateral root, adventitious root, root hair, rhizoid, and seminal and crown root development via the auxin signaling transduction pathway. Additionally, the effect of light through the auxin signal on root negative phototropism, gravitropism, root greening and the root branching of plants is also illustrated. The review also summarizes diverse light target genes in response to auxin signaling during rooting. We conclude that the mechanism of light-mediated root development via auxin signaling is complex, and it mainly concerns in the differences in plant species, such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), changes of transcript levels and endogenous IAA content. Hence, the effect of light-involved auxin signaling on root growth and development is definitely a hot issue to explore in the horticultural studies now and in the future.
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6
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Plants Utilize Suberin Biopolymers as a Vector for Transmitting Visible Light through Their Roots. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245387. [PMID: 36559753 PMCID: PMC9782166 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants conduct light from their aboveground tissues belowground to their root system. This phenomenon may influence root growth and perhaps serve to stimulate natural biological functions of the microorganisms associating with them. Here we show that light transmission in maize roots largely occurs within the endodermis, a region rich in suberin polyester biopolymers. Using cork as a natural resource rich in suberin polymers, we extracted, depolymerized, and examined light transmission in the visible and infrared regions. Suberin co-monomers dissolved in toluene showed no evidence of enhanced light transmission over that of the pure solvent in the visible light region and reduced light transmission in the infrared region. However, when these co-monomers were catalytically repolymerized using Bi(OTf)3, light transmission through suspended polymers significantly increased 1.3-fold in the visible light region over that in pure toluene, but was reduced in the infrared region.
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7
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Stafen CF, Kleine-Vehn J, Maraschin FDS. Signaling events for photomorphogenic root development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1266-1282. [PMID: 36057533 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A germinating seedling incorporates environmental signals such as light into developmental outputs. Light is not only a source of energy, but also a central coordinative signal in plants. Traditionally, most research focuses on aboveground organs' response to light; therefore, our understanding of photomorphogenesis in roots is relatively scarce. However, root development underground is highly responsive to light signals from the shoot and understanding these signaling mechanisms will give a better insight into early seedling development. Here, we review the central light signaling hubs and their role in root growth promotion of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia Fernanda Stafen
- PPGBM - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Institute of Biology II, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Dos Santos Maraschin
- PPGBM - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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8
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Beatrice P, Chiatante D, Scippa GS, Montagnoli A. Photoreceptors’ gene expression of Arabidopsis thaliana grown with biophilic LED-sourced lighting systems. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269868. [PMID: 35687579 PMCID: PMC9187123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Using specific photoreceptors, plants can sense light signals fundamental to their growth and development under changing light conditions. Phytochromes sense red and far-red light, cryptochromes and phototropins sense UV-A and blue light, while the UVR8 gene senses UV-B signals. The study of the molecular mechanisms used by plants to respond to artificial biophilic lighting is of pivotal importance for the implementation of biophilic approaches in indoor environments. CoeLux® is a new lighting system that reproduces the effect of natural sunlight entering through an opening in the ceiling, with a realistic sun perceived at an infinite distance surrounded by a clear blue sky. We used the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to assess the gene expression of the main plant photoreceptors at different light intensities and at different times after exposure to the CoeLux® light type, using high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps as control light type. Genes belonging to different families of photoreceptors showed a similar expression pattern, suggesting the existence of a common upstream regulation of mRNA transcription. In particular, PHYA, PHYC, PHYD, CRY1, CRY2, PHOT1, and UVR8, showed a common expression pattern with marked differences between the two light types applied; under the HPS light type, the expression levels are raising with the decrease of light intensity, while under the CoeLux® light type, the expression levels remain nearly constant at a high fold. Moreover, we showed that under biophilic illumination the light spectrum plays a crucial role in the response of plants to light intensity, both at the molecular and morphological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Beatrice
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese (VA), Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Donato Chiatante
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese (VA), Italy
| | | | - Antonio Montagnoli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese (VA), Italy
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9
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Liang Y, Cossani CM, Sadras VO, Yang Q, Wang Z. The Interaction Between Nitrogen Supply and Light Quality Modulates Plant Growth and Resource Allocation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:864090. [PMID: 35599862 PMCID: PMC9115566 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.864090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen availability and light quality affect plant resource allocation, but their interaction is poorly understood. Herein, we analyzed the growth and allocation of dry matter and nitrogen using lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) as a plant model in a factorial experiment combining three light regimes (100% red light, R; 50% red light + 50% blue light, RB; 100% blue light, B) and two nitrogen rates (low, 0.1 mM N; high, 10 mM N). Red light increased shoot dry weight in relation to both B and RB irrespective of nitrogen supply. Blue light favored root growth under low nitrogen. Allometric analysis showed lower allocation to leaf in response to blue light under low nitrogen and similar leaf allocation under high nitrogen. A difference in allometric slopes between low nitrogen and high nitrogen in treatments with blue light reflected a strong interaction effect on root-to-shoot biomass allocation. Shoot nitrate concentration increased with light exposure up to 14 h in both nitrogen treatments, was higher under blue light with high nitrogen, and varied little with light quality under low nitrogen. Shoot nitrogen concentration, nitrogen nutrition index, and shoot NR activity increased in response to blue light. We conclude that the interaction between blue light and nitrogen supply modulates dry mass and nitrogen allocation between the shoot and root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - C. Mariano Cossani
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Victor O. Sadras
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Qichang Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chengdu, China
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10
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Wu XM, Wei XR, Li Z, Jia GX, Chen JR, Chen HX, Cao FX, Zheng SX, Li JH, Li YF. Molecular cloning of cryptochrome 1 from Lilium×formolongi and the characterization of its photoperiodic flowering function in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 316:111164. [PMID: 35151449 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lilium × formolongi is an important cut flower species that is able to flower within a year following seed propagation, with flower induction that is very sensitive to the photoperiod. Cryptochromes are blue/UV-A light receptors that regulate many important plant growth and development processes, including photoperiodic flowering. In this study, we isolated the cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) gene from L. × formolongi and analyzed its function in transgenic Arabidopsis. The predicted LfCRY1 protein was strongly homologous to other CRY1 proteins. The transcription of LfCRY1 was induced by blue light, with LfCRY1 exhibiting its highest expression and diurnal expression patterns during the flowering-induction stage under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) photoperiods. Overexpression of LfCRY1 in Arabidopsis promoted flowering under LDs but not SDs and inhibited hypocotyl elongation under blue light. The LfCRY1 protein was located in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. LfCRY1 interacted with the important flowering activator LfCOL9 in both yeast and onion cells. These results provide functional evidence for the role of LfCRY1 in controlling photoperiodic flowering under LDs and indicate that LfCRY1 may be a counterpart of AtCRY1. Understanding the role of LfCRY1 in photoperiodic flowering is beneficial for the molecular breeding of lilies with shorter vegetative stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Wu
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Wei
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ze Li
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Gui-Xia Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ji-Ren Chen
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hai-Xia Chen
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Fu-Xiang Cao
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Si-Xiang Zheng
- Institute of Agriculture Environment and Agro Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jian-Hong Li
- Yangming Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve Management Station, Forestry Bureau of Chongyi County, Chongyi, 341300, China
| | - Yu-Fan Li
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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11
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Ji H, Xiao R, Lyu X, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang Z, Deng Z, Wang Y, Wang H, Li R, Chai Q, Hao Y, Xu Q, Liao J, Wang Q, Liu Y, Tang R, Liu B, Li X. Differential light-dependent regulation of soybean nodulation by papilionoid-specific HY5 homologs. Curr Biol 2022; 32:783-795.e5. [PMID: 35081330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Legumes have evolved photosynthesis and symbiotic nitrogen fixation for the acquisition of energy and nitrogen nutrients. During the transition from heterotrophic to autotrophic growth, blue light primarily triggers photosynthesis and low soil nitrogen induces symbiotic nodulation. Whether and how darkness and blue light influence root symbiotic nodulation during this transition is unknown. Here, we show that short-term darkness promotes nodulation and that blue light inhibits nodulation through two soybean TGACG-motif-binding factors (STF1 and STF2), which are Papilionoideae-specific transcription factors and divergent orthologs of Arabidopsis ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5). STF1 and STF2 negatively regulate soybean nodulation by repressing the transcription of nodule inception a (GmNINa), which is a central regulator of nodulation, in response to darkness and blue light. STF1 and STF2 are not capable of moving from the shoots to roots, and they act both locally and systemically to mediate darkness- and blue-light-regulated nodulation. We further show that cryptochromes GmCRY1s are required for nodulation in the dark and partially contribute to the blue light inhibition of nodulation. In addition, root GmCRY1s mediate blue-light-induced transcription of STF1 and STF2, and intriguingly, GmCRY1b can interact with STF1 and STF2 to stabilize the protein stability of STF1 and STF2. Our results establish that the blue light receptor GmCRY1s-STF1/2 module plays a pivotal role in integrating darkness/blue light and nodulation signals. Furthermore, our findings reveal a molecular basis by which photosensory pathways modulate nodulation and autotrophic growth through an intricate interplay facilitating seedling establishment in response to low nitrogen and light signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Renhao Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangguang Lyu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiahuan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Yongliang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ran Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingqing Chai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongfang Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qi Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junwen Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruizhen Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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12
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Wu XM, Yang ZM, Yang LH, Chen JR, Chen HX, Zheng SX, Zeng JG, Jia GX, Li YF. Cryptochrome 2 from Lilium × formolongi Regulates Photoperiodic Flowering in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312929. [PMID: 34884732 PMCID: PMC8657805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoperiodic flowering pathway is essential for plant reproduction. As blue and ultraviolet-A light receptors, cryptochromes play an important role in the photoperiodic regulation of flowering. Lilium × formolongi is an important cut flower that flowers within a year after seed propagation. Floral induction is highly sensitive to photoperiod. In this study, we isolated the CRYPTOCHROME2 gene (LfCRY2) from L. × formolongi. The predicted LfCRY2 protein was highly homologous to other CRY2 proteins. The transcription of LfCRY2 was induced by blue light. LfCRY2 exhibits its highest diurnal expression during the floral induction stage under both long-day and short-day photoperiods. Overexpression of LfCRY2 in Arabidopsis thaliana promoted flowering under long days but not short days, and inhibited hypocotyl elongation under blue light. Furthermore, LfCRY2 was located in the nucleus and could interact with L. × formolongi CONSTANS-like 9 (LfCOL9) and A. thaliana CRY-interacting basic-helix-loop-helix 1 (AtCIB1) in both yeast and onion cells, which supports the hypothesis that LfCRY2 hastens the floral transition via the CIB1-CO pathway in a manner similar to AtCRY2. These results provide evidence that LfCRY2 plays a vital role in promoting flowering under long days in L. × formolongi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Wu
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Zheng-Min Yang
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Lin-Hao Yang
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Ji-Ren Chen
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Hai-Xia Chen
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Si-Xiang Zheng
- Institute of Agriculture Environment and Agro Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Jian-Guo Zeng
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Gui-Xia Jia
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (G.-X.J.); (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Yu-Fan Li
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.-X.J.); (Y.-F.L.)
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13
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Zhong M, Zeng B, Tang D, Yang J, Qu L, Yan J, Wang X, Li X, Liu X, Zhao X. The blue light receptor CRY1 interacts with GID1 and DELLA proteins to repress GA signaling during photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1328-1342. [PMID: 33971366 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Light is a critical environmental cue that regulates a variety of diverse plant developmental processes. Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) is the major photoreceptor that mediates blue light-dependent photomorphogenic responses such as the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. Gibberellin (GA) participates in the repression of photomorphogenesis and promotes hypocotyl elongation. However, the antagonistic interaction between blue light and GA is not well understood. Here, we report that blue light represses GA-induced degradation of the DELLA proteins (DELLAs), which are key negative regulators in the GA signaling pathway, via CRY1, thereby inhibiting the GA response during hypocotyl elongation. Both in vitro and in vivo biochemical analyses demonstrated that CRY1 physically interacts with GA receptors-GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF 1 proteins (GID1s)-and DELLAs in a blue light-dependent manner. Furthermore, we showed that CRY1 inhibits the association between GID1s and DELLAs. Genetically, CRY1 antagonizes the function of GID1s to repress the expression of cell elongation-related genes and thus hypocotyl elongation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CRY1 coordinates blue light and GA signaling for plant photomorphogenesis by stabilizing DELLAs through the binding and inactivation of GID1s, providing new insights into the mechanism by which blue light antagonizes the function of GA in photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhong
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Bingjie Zeng
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Dongying Tang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Lina Qu
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jindong Yan
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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14
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Paponov IA, Fliegmann J, Narayana R, Maffei ME. Differential root and shoot magnetoresponses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9195. [PMID: 33911161 PMCID: PMC8080623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The geomagnetic field (GMF) is one of the environmental stimuli that plants experience continuously on Earth; however, the actions of the GMF on plants are poorly understood. Here, we carried out a time-course microarray experiment to identify genes that are differentially regulated by the GMF in shoot and roots. We also used qPCR to validate the activity of some genes selected from the microarray analysis in a dose-dependent magnetic field experiment. We found that the GMF regulated genes in both shoot and roots, suggesting that both organs can sense the GMF. However, 49% of the genes were regulated in a reverse direction in these organs, meaning that the resident signaling networks define the up- or downregulation of specific genes. The set of GMF-regulated genes strongly overlapped with various stress-responsive genes, implicating the involvement of one or more common signals, such as reactive oxygen species, in these responses. The biphasic dose response of GMF-responsive genes indicates a hormetic response of plants to the GMF. At present, no evidence exists to indicate any evolutionary advantage of plant adaptation to the GMF; however, plants can sense and respond to the GMF using the signaling networks involved in stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Paponov
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Judith Fliegmann
- ZMBP Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ravishankar Narayana
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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15
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Vitale E, Velikova V, Tsonev T, Ferrandino I, Capriello T, Arena C. The Interplay between Light Quality and Biostimulant Application Affects the Antioxidant Capacity and Photosynthetic Traits of Soybean ( Glycine max L. Merrill). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10050861. [PMID: 33923330 PMCID: PMC8144973 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the combined effect of biostimulant and light quality on bioactive compound production and seedling growth of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) plants. Germinated seeds pre-treated with different concentrations (0.01%, 0.05%, 0.5%) of an amino acid-based biostimulant were grown for 4 days at the dark (D), white fluorescent light (FL), full-spectrum LED (FS), and red-blue (RB) light. Potential changes in the antioxidant content of sprouts were evaluated. Part of the sprouts was left to grow at FL, FS, and RB light regimes for 24 days to assess modifications in plants' anatomical and physiological traits during the early developmental plant stage. The seed pre-treatment with all biostimulant concentrations significantly increased sprout antioxidant compounds, sugar, and protein content compared to the control (seeds treated with H2O). The positive effect on bioactive compounds was improved under FS and RB compared to D and FL light regimes. At the seedling stage, 0.05% was the only concentration of biostimulant effective in increasing the specific leaf area (SLA) and photosynthetic efficiency. Compared to FL, the growth under FS and RB light regimes significantly enhanced the beneficial effect of 0.05% on SLA and photosynthesis. This concentration led to leaf thickness increase and shoot/root ratio reduction. Our findings demonstrated that seed pre-treatment with proper biostimulant concentration in combination with specific light regimes during plant development may represent a useful means to modify the bioactive compound amount and leaf structural and photosynthetic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermenegilda Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.V.); (I.F.); (T.C.)
| | - Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Tsonko Tsonev
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.V.); (I.F.); (T.C.)
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Teresa Capriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.V.); (I.F.); (T.C.)
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.V.); (I.F.); (T.C.)
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.V.); (C.A.)
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16
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D'Amico-Damião V, Lúcio JCB, Oliveira R, Gaion LA, Barreto RF, Carvalho RF. Cryptochrome 1a depends on blue light fluence rate to mediate osmotic stress responses in tomato. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 258-259:153374. [PMID: 33626482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The participation of plant cryptochromes in water deficit response mechanisms has been highlighted in several reports. However, the role of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cryptochrome 1a (cry1a) in the blue light fluence-dependent modulation of the water deficit response remains largely elusive. The tomato cry1a mutant and its wild-type counterpart were grown in water (no stress) or PEG6000 (osmotic stress) treatments under white light (60 μmol m-2 s-1) or from low to high blue light fluence (1, 5, 10, 15 and 25 μmol m-2 s-1). We first demonstrate that under nonstress conditions cry1a regulates seedling growth by mechanisms that involve pigmentation, lipid peroxidation and osmoprotectant accumulation in a blue light-dependent manner. In addition, we further highlighted under osmotic stress conditions that cry1a increased tomato growth by reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline accumulation. Although blue light is an environmental signal that influences osmotic stress responses mediated by tomato cry1a, specific blue light fluence rates are required during these responses. Here, we show that CRY1a manipulation may be a potential biotechnological target to develop a drought-tolerant tomato variety. Nevertheless, the complete understanding of this phenomenon requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D'Amico-Damião
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - José Clebson Barbosa Lúcio
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Oliveira
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rogério Falleiros Carvalho
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
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17
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Roeber VM, Bajaj I, Rohde M, Schmülling T, Cortleven A. Light acts as a stressor and influences abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:645-664. [PMID: 33190307 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light is important for plants as an energy source and a developmental signal, but it can also cause stress to plants and modulates responses to stress. Excess and fluctuating light result in photoinhibition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation around photosystems II and I, respectively. Ultraviolet light causes photodamage to DNA and a prolongation of the light period initiates the photoperiod stress syndrome. Changes in light quality and quantity, as well as in light duration are also key factors impacting the outcome of diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Short day or shady environments enhance thermotolerance and increase cold acclimation. Similarly, shade conditions improve drought stress tolerance in plants. Additionally, the light environment affects the plants' responses to biotic intruders, such as pathogens or insect herbivores, often reducing growth-defence trade-offs. Understanding how plants use light information to modulate stress responses will support breeding strategies to enhance crop stress resilience. This review summarizes the effect of light as a stressor and the impact of the light environment on abiotic and biotic stress responses. There is a special focus on the role of the different light receptors and the crosstalk between light signalling and stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venja M Roeber
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ishita Bajaj
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareike Rohde
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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D'Amico-Damião V, Dodd IC, Oliveira R, Lúcio JCB, Rossatto DR, Carvalho RF. Cryptochrome 1a of tomato mediates long-distance signaling of soil water deficit. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110763. [PMID: 33487348 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the blue light photoreceptors cryptochromes mediate the expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species, whether cryptochrome 1a (cry1a) regulates local and long-distance signaling of water deficit in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is unknown. Thus the cry1a tomato mutant and its wild-type (WT) were reciprocally grafted (WT/WT; cry1a/cry1a; WT/cry1a; cry1a/WT; as scion/rootstock) or grown on their own roots (WT and cry1a) under irrigated and water deficit conditions. Plant growth, pigmentation, oxidative stress, water relations, stomatal characteristics and leaf gas exchange were measured. WT and cry1a plants grew similarly under irrigated conditions, whereas cry1a plants had less root biomass and length and higher tissue malondialdehyde concentrations under water deficit. Despite greater oxidative stress, cry1a maintained chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations in drying soil. Lower stomatal density of cry1a likely increased its leaf relative water content (RWC). In grafted plants, scion genotype largely determined shoot and root biomass accumulation irrespective of water deficit. In chimeric plants grown in drying soil, cry1a rootstocks increased RWC while WT rootstocks maintained photosynthesis of cry1a scions. Manipulating tomato CRY1a may enhance plant drought tolerance by altering leaf pigmentation and gas exchange during soil drying via local and long-distance effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D'Amico-Damião
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Ian C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Reginaldo Oliveira
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - José C B Lúcio
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Davi R Rossatto
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rogério F Carvalho
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
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19
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Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are evolutionarily conserved photoreceptors that mediate various light-induced responses in bacteria, plants, and animals. Plant cryptochromes govern a variety of critical growth and developmental processes including seed germination, flowering time and entrainment of the circadian clock. CRY's photocycle involves reduction of their flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-bound chromophore, which is completely oxidized in the dark and semi to fully reduced in the light signaling-active state. Despite the progress in characterizing cryptochromes, important aspects of their photochemistry, regulation, and light-induced structural changes remain to be addressed. In this study, we determine the crystal structure of the photosensory domain of Arabidopsis CRY2 in a tetrameric active state. Systematic structure-based analyses of photo-activated and inactive plant CRYs elucidate distinct structural elements and critical residues that dynamically partake in photo-induced oligomerization. Our study offers an updated model of CRYs photoactivation mechanism as well as the mode of its regulation by interacting proteins.
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20
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Kundariya H, Yang X, Morton K, Sanchez R, Axtell MJ, Hutton SF, Fromm M, Mackenzie SA. MSH1-induced heritable enhanced growth vigor through grafting is associated with the RdDM pathway in plants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5343. [PMID: 33093443 PMCID: PMC7582163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants transmit signals long distances, as evidenced in grafting experiments that create distinct rootstock-scion junctions. Noncoding small RNA is a signaling molecule that is graft transmissible, participating in RNA-directed DNA methylation; but the meiotic transmissibility of graft-mediated epigenetic changes remains unclear. Here, we exploit the MSH1 system in Arabidopsis and tomato to introduce rootstock epigenetic variation to grafting experiments. Introducing mutations dcl2, dcl3 and dcl4 to the msh1 rootstock disrupts siRNA production and reveals RdDM targets of methylation repatterning. Progeny from grafting experiments show enhanced growth vigor relative to controls. This heritable enhancement-through-grafting phenotype is RdDM-dependent, involving 1380 differentially methylated genes, many within auxin-related gene pathways. Growth vigor is associated with robust root growth of msh1 graft progeny, a phenotype associated with auxin transport based on inhibitor assays. Large-scale field experiments show msh1 grafting effects on tomato plant performance, heritable over five generations, demonstrating the agricultural potential of epigenetic variation. The meiotic transmissibility and progeny phenotypic influence of graft-mediated epigenetic changes remain unclear. Here, the authors use the msh1 mutant in the rootstock to trigger heritable enhanced growth vigor in Arabidopsis and tomato, and show it is associated with the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Kundariya
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.,Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kyla Morton
- EpiCrop Technologies, Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Robersy Sanchez
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Axtell
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Samuel F Hutton
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, USA
| | | | - Sally A Mackenzie
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Libao C, Yuyan H, Minrong Z, Xiaoyong X, Zhiguang S, Chunfei W, Shuyan L, Zhubing H. Gene expression profiling reveals the effects of light on adventitious root formation in lotus seedlings (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:707. [PMID: 33045982 PMCID: PMC7552355 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lotus is an aquatic horticultural crop that is widely cultivated in most regions of China and is used as an important off-season vegetable. The principal root of lotus is degenerated, and adventitious roots (ARs) are irreplaceable for plant growth. We found that no ARs formed under darkness and that exposure to high-intensity light significantly promoted the development of root primordia. Four differential expression libraries based on three light intensities were constructed to monitor metabolic changes, especially in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and sugar metabolism. RESULTS AR formation was significantly affected by light, and high light intensity accelerated AR development. Metabolic changes during AR formation under different light intensities were evaluated using gene expression profiling by high-throughput tag-sequencing. More than 2.2 × 104 genes were obtained in each library; the expression level of most genes was between 0.01 and 100 (FPKF value). Libraries constructed from plants grown under darkness (D/CK), under 5000 lx (E/CK), and under 20,000 lx (F/CK) contained 1739, 1683, and 1462 upregulated genes and 1533, 995, and 834 downregulated genes, respectively, when compared to those in the initial state (CK). Additionally, we found that 1454 and 478 genes had altered expression in a comparison of libraries D/CK and F/CK. Gene transcription between libraries D/F ranged from a 5-fold decrease to a 5-fold increase. Twenty differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in the signal transduction pathway, 28 DEGs were related to the IAA response, and 35 DEGs were involved in sugar metabolism. We observed that the IAA content was enhanced after seed germination, even in darkness; this was responsible for AR formation. We also observed that sucrose could eliminate the negative effect of 150 μMol IAA during AR development. CONCLUSIONS AR formation was regulated by IAA, even in the dark, where induction and developmental processes could also be completed. In addition, 36 genes displayed altered expression in carbohydrate metabolism and ucrose metabolism was involved in AR development (expressed stage) according to gene expression and content change characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Libao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Han Yuyan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zhao Minrong
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xu Xiaoyong
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Shen Zhiguang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Wang Chunfei
- Henghui Food Co., Ltd of Yancheng, Kaifeng, 224700 China
| | - Li Shuyan
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hu Zhubing
- Henghui Food Co., Ltd of Yancheng, Kaifeng, 224700 China
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22
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Yang Y, Liu H. Coordinated Shoot and Root Responses to Light Signaling in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100026. [PMID: 33367230 PMCID: PMC7748005 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental signals and regulates many biological processes in plants. Studies on light-regulated development have mainly focused on aspects of shoot growth, such as de-etiolation, cotyledon opening, inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, flowering, and anthocyanin accumulation. However, recent studies have demonstrated that light is also involved in regulating root growth and development in Arabidopsis. In this review, we summarize the progress in understanding how shoots and roots coordinate their responses to light through different light-signaling components and pathways, including the COP1 (CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1), HY5 (ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5), and MYB73/MYB77 (MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 73/77) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, P. R. China
- Corresponding author
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23
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Manivannan A, Soundararajan P, Park YG, Jeong BR. Physiological and Proteomic Insights Into Red and Blue Light-Mediated Enhancement of in vitro Growth in Scrophularia kakudensis-A Potential Medicinal Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:607007. [PMID: 33552100 PMCID: PMC7855028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.607007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The current study has determined the effect of red and blue lights on the enhancement of growth, antioxidant property, phytochemical contents, and expression of proteins in Scrophularia kakudensis. In vitro-grown shoot tip explants of S. kakudensis were cultured on the plant growth regulator-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and cultured under the conventional cool white fluorescent lamp (control), blue light-emitting diodes (LED) light, or red LED light. After 4 weeks, growth, stomatal ultrastructure, total phenols and flavonoids, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and protein expressions were determined. Interestingly, blue or red LED treatment increased the shoot length, shoot diameter, root length, and biomass on comparison with the control. In addition, the LED treatments enhanced the contents of phytochemicals in the extracts. The red LED treatment significantly elicited the accumulation of flavonoids in comparison with the control. In accordance with the secondary metabolites, the LED treatments modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the proteomic insights using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system revealed the proteins involved in transcription and translation, carbohydrate mechanism, post-translational modification, and stress responses. Taken together, the incorporation of blue or red LED during in vitro propagation of S. kakudensis can be a beneficial way to increase the plant quality and medicinal values of S. kakudensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Manivannan
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | | | - Yoo Gyeong Park
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Byoung Ryong Jeong
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Byoung Ryong Jeong,
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24
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Silva TD, Batista DS, Fortini EA, Castro KMD, Felipe SHS, Fernandes AM, Sousa RMDJ, Chagas K, Silva JVSD, Correia LNDF, Farias LM, Leite JPV, Rocha DI, Otoni WC. Blue and red light affects morphogenesis and 20-hydroxyecdisone content of in vitro Pfaffia glomerata accessions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 203:111761. [PMID: 31896050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The combination of different colors from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) may influence growth and production of secondary metabolites in plants. In the present study, the effect of light quality on morphophysiology and content of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a phytoecdysteroid, was evaluated in accessions of an endangered medicinal species, Pfaffia glomerata, grown in vitro. Two accessions (Ac22 and Ac43) were cultured in vitro under three different ratios of red (R) and blue (B) LEDs: (i) 1R:1B, (ii) 1R:3B, and (iii) 3R:1B. An equal ratio of red and blue light (1R:1B) increased biomass accumulation, anthocyanin content, and 20E production (by 30-40%). Moreover, 1R:1B treatment increased the size of vascular bundles and vessel elements, as well as strengthened xylem lignification and thickening of the cell wall of shoots. The 1R:3B treatment induced the highest photosynthetic and electron transport rates and enhanced the activity of oxidative stress-related enzymes. Total Chl content, Chl/Car ratio, and NPQ varied more by accession type than by light source. Spectral quality affected primary metabolism differently in each accession. Specifically, in Ac22 plants, fructose content was higher under 1R:1B and 1R:3B treatments, whereas starch accumulation was higher under 1R:3B, and sucrose under 3R:1B. In Ac43 plants, sugars were not influenced by light spectral quality, but starch content was higher under 3R:1B conditions. In conclusion, red and blue LEDs enhance biomass and 20E production in P. glomerata grown in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Dulcineia Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Silva Batista
- Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus III, Bananeiras, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Kamila Motta de Castro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Mendes Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Kristhiano Chagas
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Letícia Monteiro Farias
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Viana Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Ismael Rocha
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, GO, Brazil
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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25
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Klem K, Gargallo-Garriga A, Rattanapichai W, Oravec M, Holub P, Veselá B, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Urban O. Distinct Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Responses to Light Quality in Barley Leaves and Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1026. [PMID: 31475023 PMCID: PMC6703096 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Light quality modulates plant growth, development, physiology, and metabolism through a series of photoreceptors perceiving light signal and related signaling pathways. Although the partial mechanisms of the responses to light quality are well understood, how plants orchestrate these impacts on the levels of above- and below-ground tissues and molecular, physiological, and morphological processes remains unclear. However, the re-allocation of plant resources can substantially adjust plant tolerance to stress conditions such as reduced water availability. In this study, we investigated in two spring barley genotypes the effect of ultraviolet-A (UV-A), blue, red, and far-red light on morphological, physiological, and metabolic responses in leaves and roots. The plants were grown in growth units where the root system develops on black filter paper, placed in growth chambers. While the growth of above-ground biomass and photosynthetic performance were enhanced mainly by the combined action of red, blue, far-red, and UV-A light, the root growth was stimulated particularly by supplementary far-red light to red light. Exposure of plants to the full light spectrum also stimulates the accumulation of numerous compounds related to stress tolerance such as proline, secondary metabolites with antioxidative functions or jasmonic acid. On the other hand, full light spectrum reduces the accumulation of abscisic acid, which is closely associated with stress responses. Addition of blue light induced accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), sorgolactone, or several secondary metabolites. Because these compounds play important roles as osmolytes, antioxidants, UV screening compounds, or growth regulators, the importance of light quality in stress tolerance is unequivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Centro de Investigación Ecológica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Holub
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Barbora Veselá
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Centro de Investigación Ecológica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF), Barcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Centro de Investigación Ecológica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF), Barcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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26
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Kumari S, Yadav S, Patra D, Singh S, Sarkar AK, Panigrahi KCS. Uncovering the molecular signature underlying the light intensity-dependent root development in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:596. [PMID: 31325959 PMCID: PMC6642530 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root morphology is known to be affected by light quality, quantity and direction. Light signal is perceived at the shoot, translocated to roots through vasculature and further modulates the root development. Photoreceptors are differentially expressed in both shoot and root cells. The light irradiation to the root affects shoot morphology as well as whole plant development. The current work aims to understand the white light intensity dependent changes in root patterning and correlate that with the global gene expression profile. RESULTS Different fluence of white light (WL) regulate overall root development via modulating the expression of a specific set of genes. Phytochrome A deficient Arabidopsis thaliana (phyA-211) showed shorter primary root compared to phytochrome B deficient (phyB-9) and wild type (WT) seedlings at a lower light intensity. However, at higher intensity, both mutants showed shorter primary root in comparison to WT. The lateral root number was observed to be lowest in phyA-211 at intensities of 38 and 75 μmol m - 2 s - 1. The number of adventitious roots was significantly lower in phyA-211 as compared to WT and phyB-9 under all light intensities tested. With the root phenotypic data, microarray was performed for four different intensities of WL light in WT. Here, we identified ~ 5243 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under all light intensities. Gene ontology-based analysis indicated that different intensities of WL predominantly affect a subset of genes having catalytic activity and localized to the cytoplasm and membrane. Furthermore, when root is irradiated with different intensities of WL, several key genes involved in hormone, light signaling and clock-regulated pathways are differentially expressed. CONCLUSION Using genome wide microarray-based approach, we have identified candidate genes in Arabidopsis root that responded to the changes in light intensities. Alteration in expression of genes such as PIF4, COL9, EPR1, CIP1, ARF18, ARR6, SAUR9, TOC1 etc. which are involved in light, hormone and clock pathway was validated by qRT-PCR. This indicates their potential role in light intensity mediated root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sony Kumari
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur- Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Debadutta Patra
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur- Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Sharmila Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ananda K Sarkar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kishore C S Panigrahi
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur- Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.
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27
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Sakaguchi J, Matsushita T, Watanabe Y. DWARF4 accumulation in root tips is enhanced via blue light perception by cryptochromes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1615-1629. [PMID: 30620085 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) signalling is known to be coordinated with light signalling in above ground tissue. Many studies focusing on the shade avoidance response in above ground tissue or hypocotyl elongation in darkness have revealed the contribution of the BR signalling pathway to these processes. We previously analysed the expression of DWARF 4 (DWF4), a key BR biosynthesis enzyme, and revealed that light perception in above ground tissues triggered DWF4 accumulation in root tips. To determine the required wavelength of light and photoreceptors responsible for this regulation, we studied DWF4-GUS marker plants grown in several monochromatic light conditions. We revealed that monochromatic blue LED light could induce DWF4 accumulation in primary root tips and root growth as much as white light, whereas monochromatic red LED could not. Consistent with this, a cryptochrome1/2 double mutant showed retarded root growth under white light whereas a phytochromeA/B double mutant did not. Taken together, our data strongly indicated that blue light signalling was important for DWF4 accumulation in root tips and root growth. Furthermore, DWF4 accumulation patterns in primary root tips were not altered by auxin or sugar treatment. Therefore, we hypothesize that blue light signalling from the shoot tissue is different from auxin and sugar signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sakaguchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | | | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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28
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Arifuzzaman M, Oladzadabbasabadi A, McClean P, Rahman M. Shovelomics for phenotyping root architectural traits of rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus L.) and genome-wide association mapping. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:985-1000. [PMID: 30968249 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Root system in plants plays an important role in mining moisture and nutrients from the soil and is positively correlated to yield in many crops including rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus L.). Substantial phenotypic diversity in root architectural traits among the B. napus growth types leads to a scope of root system improvement in breeding populations. In this study, 216 diverse genotypes were phenotyped for five different root architectural traits following shovelomics approach in the field condition during 2015 and 2016. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker panel consisting of 30,262 SNPs was used to conduct genome-wide association study to detect marker/trait association. A total of 31 significant marker loci were identified at 0.01 percentile tail P value cutoff for different root traits. Six marker loci for soil-level taproot diameter (R1Dia), six loci for belowground taproot diameter (R2Dia), seven loci for number of primary root branches (PRB), eight loci for root angle, and eight loci for root score (RS) were detected in this study. Several markers associated with root diameters R1Dia and R2Dia were also associated with PRB and RS. Significant phenotypic correlation between these traits was observed in both environments. Therefore, taproot diameter appears to be a major determinant of the canola root system architecture and can be used as proxy for other root traits. Fifteen candidate genes related to root traits and root development were detected within 100 kbp upstream and downstream of different significant markers. The identified markers associated with different root architectural traits can be considered for marker-assisted selection for root traits in canola in future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phillip McClean
- Departemnt of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Mukhlesur Rahman
- Departemnt of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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29
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Kumari S, Panigrahi KCS. Light and auxin signaling cross-talk programme root development in plants. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Zhou T, Meng L, Ma Y, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Yang D, Bian M. Overexpression of sweet sorghum cryptochrome 1a confers hypersensitivity to blue light, abscisic acid and salinity in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:251-264. [PMID: 29098377 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This work provides the bioinformatics, expression pattern and functional analyses of cryptochrome 1a from sweet sorghum (SbCRY1a), together with an exploration of the signaling mechanism mediated by SbCRY1a. Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is considered to be an ideal candidate for biofuel production due to its high efficiency of photosynthesis and the ability to maintain yield under harsh environmental conditions. Blue light receptor cryptochromes regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development. Here, we reported the function and signal mechanism of sweet sorghum cryptochrome 1a (SbCRY1a) to explore its potential for genetic improvement of sweet sorghum varieties. SbCRY1a transcripts experienced almost 24 h diurnal cycling; however, its protein abundance showed no oscillation. Overexpression of SbCRY1a in Arabidopsis rescued the phenotype of cry1 mutant in a blue light-specific manner and regulated HY5 accumulation under blue light. SbCRY1a protein was present in both nucleus and cytoplasm. The photoexcited SbCRY1a interacted directly with a putative RING E3 ubiquitin ligase constitutive photomorphogenesis 1 (COP1) from sweet sorghum (SbCOP1) instead of SbSPA1 to suppress SbCOP1-SbHY5 interaction responding to blue light. These observations indicate that the function and signaling mechanism of cryptochromes are basically conservative between monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Moreover, SbCRY1a-overexpressed transgenic Arabidopsis showed oversensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) and salinity. The ABA-responsive gene ABI5 was up-regulated evidently in SbCRY1a transgenic lines, suggesting that SbCRY1a might regulate ABA signaling through the HY5-ABI5 regulon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Lingyang Meng
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Agronomy College of Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Wood Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhenming Yang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Deguang Yang
- Agronomy College of Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Wood Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Mingdi Bian
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China.
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31
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Yang Y, Yang X, Jang Z, Chen Z, Ruo X, Jin W, Wu Y, Shi X, Xu M. UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 From Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat (CmUVR8) Plays Important Roles in UV-B Signal Transduction and UV-B-Induced Accumulation of Flavonoids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:955. [PMID: 30022994 PMCID: PMC6040093 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
UV Resistance Locus 8 (UVR8), an ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 280-315 nm) photoreceptor, participates in the regulation of various plant growth and developmental processes. UV-B radiation is an important factor enhancing the production of active components in medicinal plants. To-date, however, studies on UV-B photoreceptors have largely focused on Arabidopsis, and the functions of UVR8 in medicinal plants are still largely unknown. In the present study, a homolog of Arabidopsis UVR8, CmUVR8, was isolated from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, and its structure and function were analyzed in detail. Protein sequence analysis showed that CmUVR8 contained nine conserved regulators of chromosome condensation 1 repeats, seven conserved bladed propellers, one C27 region, three "GWRHT" motifs and several crucial amino acid residues (such as 14 Trps and 2 Args), similar to AtUVR8. 3-D structural analysis of CmUVR8 indicated that its structure was similar to AtUVR8. Heterologous expression of CmUVR8 could rescued the deficient phenotype of uvr8-6, a mutant of UVR8 in Arabidopsis, indicating the role of CmUVR8 in the regulation of hypocotyl elongation and HY5 gene expression under UV-B irradiation. Moreover, CmUVR8 regulates UV-B-induced expression of four flavonoids biosynthesis-related genes and the UV-B-induced accumulation of flavonoids. Furthermore, the interaction between CmUVR8 and CmCOP1 were confirmed using a yeast two-hybrid assay. These results indicated that CmUVR8 plays important roles in UV-B signal transduction and the UV-B-induced accumulation of flavonoids, as a counterpart of AtUVR8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhifang Jang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhehao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujun Ruo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyang Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maojun Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Du H, Shi Y, Li D, Fan W, Wang G, Wang C. Screening and identification of key genes regulating fall dormancy in alfalfa leaves. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188964. [PMID: 29211806 PMCID: PMC5718555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fall dormancy (FD) determines the adaptation of an alfalfa variety and affects alfalfa production and quality. However, the molecular mechanism underlying FD remains poorly understood. Here, 44 genes regulating FD were identified by comparison of the transcriptomes from leaves of Maverick (fall-dormant alfalfa) and CUF101(non-fall-dormant), during FD and non-FD and were classified them depending on their function. The transcription of IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 1, abscisic acid receptor PYL8, and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase-3 in Maverick leaves was regulated by daylength and temperature, and the transcription of the abscisic acid receptor PYL8 was mainly affected by daylength. The changes in the expression of these genes and the abundance of their messenger RNA (mRNA) in Maverick leaves differed from those in CUF101 leaves, as evidenced by the correlation analysis of their mRNA abundance profiles obtained from April to October. The present findings suggested that these genes are involved in regulating FD in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Defeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenna Fan
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Transcriptome profiling of PeCRY1 transgenic Populus tomentosa. Genes Genomics 2017; 40:349-359. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lee HJ, Park YJ, Ha JH, Baldwin IT, Park CM. Multiple Routes of Light Signaling during Root Photomorphogenesis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:803-812. [PMID: 28705537 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants dynamically adjust their architecture to optimize growth and performance under fluctuating light environments, a process termed photomorphogenesis. A variety of photomorphogenic responses have been studied extensively in the shoots, where diverse photoreceptors and signaling molecules have been functionally characterized. Notably, accumulating evidence demonstrates that the underground roots also undergo photomorphogenesis, raising the question of how roots perceive and respond to aboveground light. Recent findings indicate that root photomorphogenesis is mediated by multiple signaling routes, including shoot-to-root transmission of mobile signaling molecules, direct sensing of light by the roots, and light channeling through the plant body. In this review we discuss recent advances in how light signals are transmitted to the roots to trigger photomorphogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Young-Joon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jun-Ho Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Yang Z, Liu B, Su J, Liao J, Lin C, Oka Y. Cryptochromes Orchestrate Transcription Regulation of Diverse Blue Light Responses in Plants. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:112-127. [PMID: 27861972 DOI: 10.1111/php.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Blue light affects many aspects of plant growth and development throughout the plant lifecycle. Plant cryptochromes (CRYs) are UV-A/blue light photoreceptors that play pivotal roles in regulating blue light-mediated physiological responses via the regulated expression of more than one thousand genes. Photoactivated CRYs regulate transcription via two distinct mechanisms: indirect promotion of the activity of transcription factors by inactivation of the COP1/SPA E3 ligase complex or direct activation or inactivation of at least two sets of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor families by physical interaction. Hence, CRYs govern intricate mechanisms that modulate activities of transcription factors to regulate multiple aspects of blue light-responsive photomorphogenesis. Here, we review recent progress in dissecting the pathways of CRY signaling and discuss accumulating evidence that shows how CRYs regulate broad physiological responses to blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohe Yang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bobin Liu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Su
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiakai Liao
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yoshito Oka
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Lee HJ, Ha JH, Kim SG, Choi HK, Kim ZH, Han YJ, Kim JI, Oh Y, Fragoso V, Shin K, Hyeon T, Choi HG, Oh KH, Baldwin IT, Park CM. Stem-piped light activates phytochrome B to trigger light responses in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra106. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf6530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Mao K, Wang L, Li YY, Wu R. Molecular Cloning and Functional Analysis of UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (PeUVR8) from Populus euphratica. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132390. [PMID: 26171608 PMCID: PMC4501546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 280–315 nm) light, which is an integral part of the solar radiation reaching the surface of the Earth, induces a broad range of physiological responses in plants. The UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) protein is the first and only light photoreceptor characterized to date that is specific for UV-B light and it regulates various aspects of plant growth and development in response to UV-B light. Despite its involvement in the control of important plant traits, most studies on UV-B photoreceptors have focused on Arabidopsis and no data on UVR8 function are available for forest trees. In this study, we isolated a homologue of the UV receptor UVR8 of Arabidopsis, PeUVR8, from Populus euphratica (Euphrates poplar) and analyzed its structure and function in detail. The deduced PeUVR8 amino acid sequence contained nine well-conserved regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) repeats and the region 27 amino acids from the C terminus (C27) that interact with COP1 (CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1). Secondary and tertiary structure analysis showed that PeUVR8 shares high similarity with the AtUVR8 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana. Using heterologous expression in Arabidopsis, we showed that PeUVR8 overexpression rescued the uvr8 mutant phenotype. In addition, PeUVR8 overexpression in wild-type background seedlings grown under UV-B light inhibited hypocotyl elongation and enhanced anthocyanin accumulation. Furthermore, we examined the interaction between PeUVR8 and AtCOP1 using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay. Our data provide evidence that PeUVR8 plays important roles in the control of photomorphogenesis in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Mao
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Science and Technologies, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Science and Technologies, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Science and Technologies, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center for Statistical Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Novák J, Černý M, Pavlů J, Zemánková J, Skalák J, Plačková L, Brzobohatý B. Roles of proteome dynamics and cytokinin signaling in root to hypocotyl ratio changes induced by shading roots of Arabidopsis seedlings. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1006-18. [PMID: 25700275 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In nature, root systems of most terrestrial plants are protected from light exposure by growing in a dark soil environment. Hence, in vitro cultivation in transparent Petri dishes leads to physiological perturbations, but the mechanisms underlying root-mediated light perception and responses have not been fully elucidated. Thus, we compared Arabidopsis thaliana seedling development in transparent and darkened Petri dishes at low light intensity (20 µmol m(-2) s(-1)), allowing us to follow (inter alia) hypocotyl elongation, which is an excellent process for studying interactions of signals involved in the regulation of growth and developmental responses. To obtain insights into molecular events underlying differences in seedling growth under these two conditions, we employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) shotgun proteomics (available via the PRIDE deposit PXD001612). In total, we quantified the relative abundances of peptides representing 1,209 proteins detected in all sample replicates of LC-MS analyses. Comparison of MS spectra after manual validation revealed 48 differentially expressed proteins. Functional classification, analysis of available gene expression data and literature searches revealed alterations associated with root illumination (inter alia) in autotrophic CO2 fixation, C compound and carbohydrate metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism. The results also indicate a previously unreported role for cytokinin plant hormones in the escape-tropism response to root illumination. We complemented these results with reverse transcription followed by quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), chlorophyll fluorescence and detailed cytokinin signaling analyses, detecting in the latter a significant increase in the activity of the cytokinin two-component signaling cascade in roots and implicating the cytokinin receptor AHK3 as the major mediator of root to hypocotyl signaling in responses to root illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novák
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Martin Černý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jaroslav Pavlů
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zemánková
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skalák
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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40
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Zakhvataev VE. Tidal variations of radon activity as a possible factor synchronizing biological processes. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350915010273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Moni A, Lee AY, Briggs WR, Han IS. The blue light receptor Phototropin 1 suppresses lateral root growth by controlling cell elongation. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:34-40. [PMID: 24803136 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between the blue light receptor phototropin 1 (phot1) and lateral root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Fluorescence and confocal microscopy images, as well as PHOT1 mRNA expression studies provide evidence that it is highly expressed in the elongation zone of lateral roots where auxin is accumulating. However, treatment with the auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid significantly reduced PHOT1 expression in this zone. In addition, PHOT1 expression was higher in darkness than in light. The total number of lateral roots was higher in the phot1 mutant than in wild-type Arabidopsis. Cells in the elongation zone of lateral roots of the phot1 mutant were longer than those of wild-type lateral roots. These findings suggest that PHOT1 plays a role(s) in elongation of lateral roots through the control of an auxin-related signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moni
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
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Mo M, Yokawa K, Wan Y, Baluška F. How and why do root apices sense light under the soil surface? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:775. [PMID: 26442084 PMCID: PMC4585147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light can penetrate several centimeters below the soil surface. Growth, development and behavior of plant roots are markedly affected by light despite their underground lifestyle. Early studies provided contrasting information on the spatial and temporal distribution of light-sensing cells in the apical region of root apex and discussed the physiological roles of plant hormones in root responses to light. Recent biological and microscopic advances have improved our understanding of the processes involved in the sensing and transduction of light signals, resulting in subsequent physiological and behavioral responses in growing root apices. Here, we review current knowledge of cellular distributions of photoreceptors and their signal transduction pathways in diverse root tissues and root apex zones. We are discussing also the roles of auxin transporters in roots exposed to light, as well as interactions of light signal perceptions with sensing of other environmental factors relevant to plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Mo
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ken Yokawa
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yinglang Wan
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yinglang Wan, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road No. 35, 100083 Beijing, China, ; František Baluška, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany,
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Yinglang Wan, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road No. 35, 100083 Beijing, China, ; František Baluška, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany,
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43
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Mao K, Jiang L, Bo W, Xu F, Wu R. Cloning of the cryptochrome-encoding PeCRY1 gene from Populus euphratica and functional analysis in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115201. [PMID: 25503486 PMCID: PMC4264880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptochromes are photolyase-like blue/UV-A light receptors that evolved from photolyases. In plants, cryptochromes regulate various aspects of plant growth and development. Despite of their involvement in the control of important plant traits, however, most studies on cryptochromes have focused on lower plants and herbaceous crops, and no data on cryptochrome function are available for forest trees. In this study, we isolated a cryptochrome gene, PeCRY1, from Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica), and analyzed its structure and function in detail. The deduced PeCRY1 amino acid sequence contained a conserved N-terminal photolyase-homologous region (PHR) domain as well as a C-terminal DQXVP-acidic-STAES (DAS) domain. Secondary and tertiary structure analysis showed that PeCRY1 shares high similarity with AtCRY1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. PeCRY1 expression was upregulated at the mRNA level by light. Using heterologous expression in Arabidopsis, we showed that PeCRY1 overexpression rescued the cry1 mutant phenotype. In addition, PeCRY1 overexpression inhibited hypocotyl elongation, promoted root growth, and enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in wild-type background seedlings grown under blue light. Furthermore, we examined the interaction between PeCRY1 and AtCOP1 using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFc) assay. Our data provide evidence for the involvement of PeCRY1 in the control of photomorphogenesis in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Mao
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhao Bo
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- * E-mail:
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Asahina M, Tamaki Y, Sakamoto T, Shibata K, Nomura T, Yokota T. Blue light-promoted rice leaf bending and unrolling are due to up-regulated brassinosteroid biosynthesis genes accompanied by accumulation of castasterone. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 104:21-9. [PMID: 24856112 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study the relationship between blue light- and brassinosteroid-enhanced leaf lamina bending and unrolling in rice was investigated. Twenty-four hours (h) irradiation with white or blue light increased endogenous brassinosteroid levels, especially those of typhasterol and castasterone, in aerial tissues of rice seedlings. There was an accompanying up-regulation of transcript levels of CYP85A1/OsDWARF, encoding an enzyme catalyzing C-6 oxidation, after 6h under either white or blue light. These effects were not observed in seedlings placed under far-red or red light regimes. It was concluded that blue light up-regulates the levels of several cytochrome P450 enzymes including CYP85A1, thereby promoting the synthesis of castasterone, a biologically active brassinosteroid in rice. Based on these findings, it is considered that blue light-mediated rice leaf bending and unrolling are consequences of the enhanced biosynthesis of endogenous castasterone. In contrast to aerial tissues, brassinosteroid synthesis in roots appeared to be negatively regulated by white, blue and red light but positively controlled by far-red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Asahina
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551, Japan
| | - Yuji Tamaki
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Kyomi Shibata
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551, Japan
| | - Takahito Nomura
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551, Japan
| | - Takao Yokota
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551, Japan.
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Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are photolyase-like flavoproteins that have been found in all evolutionary lineages. Plant and animal CRYs are no longer DNA-repairing enzymes but they apparently gained other biochemical functions in evolution. Plant CRYs are UV-A/blue-light photoreceptors and play a pivotal role in plant growth and development, whereas animal CRYs act as either photoreceptors or transcription regulators. The first CRY gene was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana, which regulates stem growth, flowering time, stomatal opening, circadian clock, and other light responses. CRYs are also found in all major crops investigated, with additional functions discovered, such as seed germination, leaf senescence, and stress responses. In this chapter, we will review some aspects of CRY-mediated light responses in plants. Readers are referred to other review articles for photochemistry and signal transduction mechanism of plant CRYs (Liu et al., 2010, 2011; Fankhauser and Ulm, 2011) [1-3].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- The Basic Forestry and Biotechnology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Qin Wang
- The Basic Forestry and Biotechnology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paula Nguyen
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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46
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Thomas S, Sreelakshmi Y, Sharma R. Light modulates the root tip excision induced lateral root formation in tomato. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e970098. [PMID: 25482798 PMCID: PMC4623053 DOI: 10.4161/15592316.2014.970098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
During plant growth and development, root tip performs multifarious functions integrating diverse external and internal stimuli to regulate root elongation and architecture. It is believed that a signal originating from root tip inhibits lateral root formation (LRF). The excision of root tip induced LRF in tomato seedlings associated with accumulation of auxin in pericycle founder cells. The excision of cotyledons slightly reduced LRF, whereas severing shoot from root completely abolished LRF. Exogenous ethylene application did not alter LRF. The response was modulated by light with higher LRF in seedlings exposed to light. Our results indicate that light plays a role in LRF in seedlings by likely modulating shoot derived auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherinmol Thomas
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources; Department of Plant Sciences; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad, India
| | - Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources; Department of Plant Sciences; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad, India
| | - Rameshwar Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources; Department of Plant Sciences; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad, India
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47
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Abstract
Flavoproteins often employ radical mechanisms in their enzymatic reactions. This involves paramagnetic species, which can ideally be investigated with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In this chapter we focus on the example of flavin-based photoreceptors and discuss, how different EPR methods have been used to extract information about the flavin radical's electronic state, its binding pocket, electron-transfer pathways, and about the protein's tertiary and quaternary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Brosi
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany,
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48
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Li YY, Mao K, Zhao C, Zhang RF, Zhao XY, Zhang HL, Shu HR, Zhao YJ. Molecular cloning of cryptochrome 1 from apple and its functional characterization in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 67:169-177. [PMID: 23570872 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes are blue-light photoreceptors involved in regulating many aspects of plant growth and development. Investigations of cryptochromes in plants have largely focused on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), rice (Oryza sativa) and pea (Pisum sativum). Here, we isolated the cryptochrome 1 gene from apple (Malus domestica) (MdCRY1) and analyzed its function in transgenic Arabidopsis. The predicted MdCRY1 protein was most closely homologous to strawberry CRY1. In terms of transcript levels, MdCRY1 expression was up-regulated by light. The function of MdCRY1 was analyzed through heterologous expression in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of MdCRY1 in Arabidopsis is able to rescue the cry1 mutant phenotype, inhibit hypocotyl elongation, promote root growth, and enhance anthocyanin accumulation in wild-type seedlings under blue light. These data provide functional evidence for a role of MdCRY1 in controlling photomorphogenesis under blue light and indicate that CRY1 function is conserved between Arabidopsis and apple. Furthermore, we found that MdCRY1 interacts with AtCOP1 in both yeast and onion cells. This interaction may represent an important regulatory mechanism in blue-light signaling pathway in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ke Mao
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Rui-Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xian-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hua-Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Huai-Rui Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yu-Jin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China.
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Li YY, Mao K, Zhao C, Zhao XY, Zhang RF, Zhang HL, Shu HR, Hao YJ. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a blue light receptor gene MdCRY2 from apple (Malus domestica). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:555-566. [PMID: 23314496 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
MdCRY2 was isolated from apple fruit skin, and its function was analyzed in MdCRY2 transgenic Arabidopsis. The interaction between MdCRY2 and AtCOP1 was found by yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays. Cryptochromes are blue/ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light receptors involved in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development. Investigations of the structure and functions of cryptochromes in plants have largely focused on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pea (Pisum sativum), and rice (Oryza sativa). However, no data on the function of CRY2 are available in woody plants. In this study, we isolated a cryptochrome gene, MdCRY2, from apple (Malus domestica). The deduced amino acid sequences of MdCRY2 contain the conserved N-terminal photolyase-related domain and the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding domain, as well as the C-terminal DQXVP-acidic-STAES (DAS) domain. Relationship analysis indicates that MdCRY2 shows the highest similarity to the strawberry FvCRY protein. The expression of MdCRY2 is induced by blue/UV-A light, which represents a 48-h circadian rhythm. To investigate the function of MdCRY2, we overexpressed the MdCRY2 gene in a cry2 mutant and wild type (WT) Arabidopsis, assessed the phenotypes of the resulting transgenic plants, and found that MdCRY2 functions to regulate hypocotyl elongation, root growth, flower initiation, and anthocyanin accumulation. Furthermore, we examined the interaction between MdCRY2 and AtCOP1 using a yeast two-hybrid assay and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. These data provide functional evidence for a role of blue/UV-A light-induced MdCRY2 in controlling photomorphogenesis in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
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Frémont N, Riefler M, Stolz A, Schmülling T. The Arabidopsis TUMOR PRONE5 gene encodes an acetylornithine aminotransferase required for arginine biosynthesis and root meristem maintenance in blue light. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:1127-40. [PMID: 23321422 PMCID: PMC3585585 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.210583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Arginine is an essential amino acid necessary for protein synthesis and is also a nitrogen storage compound. The genes encoding the enzymes of arginine biosynthesis in plants are not well characterized and have mainly been predicted from homologies to bacterial and fungal genes. We report the cloning and characterization of the TUMOR PRONE5 (TUP5) gene of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) encoding an acetylornithine aminotransferase (ACOAT), catalyzing the fourth step of arginine biosynthesis. The free arginine content was strongly reduced in the chemically induced recessive mutant tup5-1, root growth was restored by supplementation with arginine and its metabolic precursors, and a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ACOAT mutant was complemented by TUP5. Two null alleles of TUP5 caused a reduced viability of gametes and embryo lethality, possibly caused by insufficient Arg supply from maternal tissue. TUP5 expression is positively regulated by light, and a TUP5-green fluorescent protein was localized in chloroplasts. tup5-1 has a unique light-dependent short root phenotype. Roots of light-grown tup5-1 seedlings switch from indeterminate growth to determinate growth with arresting cell production and an exhausted root apical meristem. The inhibitory activity was specific for blue light, and the inhibiting light was perceived by the root. Thus, tup5-1 reveals a novel role of amino acids and blue light in regulating root meristem function.
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