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Renai L, Bonetti D, Bonaccorso G, Tozzi F, Nin S, Giordani E, Del Bubba M. First Data on the (Poly)phenolic Profiling of Farmacista Honorati Persimmon Fruit ( Diospyros kaki Thunb.) at Commercial Harvest and after Treatments for Astringency Removal. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1768. [PMID: 38999608 PMCID: PMC11244366 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to provide the first report on the soluble and polyphenolic profiles of "Farmacista Honorati" (FH) persimmons, which is a marketed cultivar with no existing data on its nutraceutical value. Total soluble tannins (TSTs) and major soluble (poly)phenols in FH fruits before and after post-harvest commercial treatments with carbon dioxide and ethylene were analyzed. Fruits at commercial harvest had a TST content of 1022 ± 286 mg GAL/100 g d.w. Whereas, after deastringency treatments, an 85% and 83% reduction were observed for carbon dioxide- and ethylene-treated fruits, respectively. Carbon dioxide treatment resulted in the insolubilization of tannins around comparable values in most fruit cultivars, despite the variable soluble tannin content in untreated fruit. By targeted metabolomic profiling, nineteen (poly)phenolic substances were quantified in the investigated untreated and treated fruits. Gallic acid (99 mg/100 g d.w.), (+)-catechin (1.8 mg/100 g d.w.), ellagic acid (1.2 mg/100 g d.w.), and (-)-epicatechin (1.1 mg/100 g d.w.) were the predominant compounds in the untreated FH samples. After the application of post-harvest treatments, a non-nutraceutical relevant decrease of 8-19% in the targeted (poly)phenolic content was generally observed. Ethylene induced the most significant reduction in the individual (poly)phenolic compounds in the FH fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lapo Renai
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daniele Bonetti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 51017 Pescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Bonaccorso
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesca Tozzi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 51017 Pescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Nin
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 51017 Pescia, Italy
| | - Edgardo Giordani
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Wu W, Sun NJ, Xu Y, Chen YT, Liu XF, Shi LY, Chen W, Zhu QG, Gong BC, Yin XR, Yang ZF. Exogenous gibberellin delays maturation in persimmon fruit through transcriptional activators and repressors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:840-854. [PMID: 37325946 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As the harvest season of most fruit is concentrated, fruit maturation manipulation is essential for the fresh fruit industry to prolong sales time. Gibberellin (GA), an important phytohormone necessary for plant growth and development, has also shown a substantial regulatory effect on fruit maturation; however, its regulatory mechanisms remain inconclusive. In this research, preharvest GA3 treatment effectively delayed fruit maturation in several persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars. Among the proteins encoded by differentially expressed genes, 2 transcriptional activators (NAC TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DkNAC24 and ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR DkERF38) and a repressor (MYB-LIKE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DkMYB22) were direct regulators of GERANYLGERANYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE DkGGPS1, LYSINE HISTIDINE TRANSPORTER DkLHT1, and FRUCTOSE-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE DkFBA1, respectively, resulting in the inhibition of carotenoid synthesis, outward transport of an ethylene precursor, and consumption of fructose and glucose. Thus, the present study not only provides a practical method to prolong the persimmon fruit maturation period in various cultivars but also provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms of GA on multiple aspects of fruit quality formation at the transcriptional regulation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Ning-Jing Sun
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Baoshan University, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Yu-Tong Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li-Yu Shi
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Qing-Gang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bang-Chu Gong
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Xue-Ren Yin
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
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3
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Dorta T, Gil-Muñoz F, Carrasco F, Zuriaga E, Ríos G, Blasco M. Physiological Changes and Transcriptomic Analysis throughout On-Tree Fruit Ripening Process in Persimmon ( Diospyros kaki L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2895. [PMID: 37631107 PMCID: PMC10457761 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of effectors and transcriptional regulators in persimmon fruit maturation has been mostly approached by the literature under postharvest conditions. In order to elucidate the participation of these genes in the on-tree fruit maturation development, we have collected samples from seven persimmon germplasm accessions at different developmental stages until physiological maturation. This study has focused on the expression analysis of 13 genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and response pathways, as well as the evolution of important agronomical traits such as skin colour, weight, and firmness. Results revealed different gene expression patterns, with genes up- and down-regulated during fruit development progression. A principal component analysis was performed to correlate gene expression with agronomical traits. The decreasing expression of the ethylene biosynthetic genes DkACO1, DkACO2, and DkACS2, in concordance with other sensing (DkERS1) and transduction genes (DkERF18), provides a molecular mechanism for the previously described high production of ethylene in immature detached fruits. On the other side, DkERF8 and DkERF16 are postulated to induce fruit softening and skin colour change during natural persimmon fruit ripening via DkXTH9 and DkPSY activation, respectively. This study provides valuable information for a better understanding of the ethylene signalling pathway and its regulation during on-tree fruit ripening in persimmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Dorta
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Francisco Gil-Muñoz
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Fany Carrasco
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Elena Zuriaga
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Gabino Ríos
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Manuel Blasco
- CANSO, Avenue Cooperativa Agrícola Verge de Oreto, 1, 46250 L’Alcudia, Spain
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4
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A comprehensive metabolomics analysis of Torreya grandis nuts with the effective de-astringent treatment during the postharvest ripening stage. Food Chem 2022; 398:133859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Fan Z, Lin B, Lin H, Lin M, Chen J, Lin Y. γ-Aminobutyric acid treatment reduces chilling injury and improves quality maintenance of cold-stored Chinese olive fruit. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100208. [PMID: 35498988 PMCID: PMC9039881 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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Gao Y, Hu Y, Shen J, Meng X, Suo J, Zhang Z, Song L, Wu J. Acceleration of Aril Cracking by Ethylene in Torreya grandis During Nut Maturation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:761139. [PMID: 34745193 PMCID: PMC8565854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.761139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Torreya grandis 'Merrillii' is a famous nut with great nutritional value and high medicinal value. Aril cracking is an important process for seed dispersal, which is also an indicator of seed maturation. However, the cracking mechanism of T. grandis aril during the maturation stage remains largely unknown. Here, we provided a comprehensive view of the physiological and molecular levels of aril cracking in T. grandis by systematically analyzing its anatomical structure, physiological parameters, and transcriptomic response during the cracking process. These results showed that the length of both epidermal and parenchymatous cell layers significantly increased from 133 to 144 days after seed protrusion (DASP), followed by a clear separation between parenchymatous cell layers and kernel, which was accompanied by a breakage between epidermal and parenchymatous cell layers. Moreover, analyses of cell wall composition showed that a significant degradation of cellular wall polysaccharides occurred during aril cracking. To examine the global gene expression changes in arils during the cracking process, the transcriptomes (96 and 141 DASP) were analyzed. KEGG pathway analysis of DEGs revealed that 4 of the top 10 enriched pathways were involved in cell wall modification and 2 pathways were related to ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene signal transduction. Furthermore, combining the analysis results of co-expression networks between different transcription factors, cell wall modification genes, and exogenous ethylene treatments suggested that the ethylene signal transcription factors (ERF11 and ERF1A) were involved in aril cracking of T. grandis by regulation of EXP and PME. Our findings provided new insights into the aril cracking trait in T. grandis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
| | - Jiayi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
| | - Xuecheng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
| | - Jinwei Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
| | - Zuying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an City, China
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7
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Sehar Z, Iqbal N, Khan MIR, Masood A, Rehman MT, Hussain A, AlAjmi MF, Ahmad A, Khan NA. Ethylene reduces glucose sensitivity and reverses photosynthetic repression through optimization of glutathione production in salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:12650. [PMID: 34135422 PMCID: PMC8209215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene plays a crucial role throughout the life cycle of plants under optimal and stressful environments. The present study reports the involvement of exogenously sourced ethylene (as ethephon; 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) in the protection of the photosynthetic activity from glucose (Glu) sensitivity through its influence on the antioxidant system for adaptation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants under salt stress. Ten-day-old plants were subjected to control and 100 mM NaCl and treated with 200 µl L-1 ethephon on foliage at 20 days after seed sowing individually or in combination with 6% Glu. Plants receiving ethylene exhibited higher growth and photosynthesis through reduced Glu sensitivity in the presence of salt stress. Moreover, ethylene-induced reduced glutathione (GSH) production resulted in increased psbA and psbB expression to protect PSII activity and photosynthesis under salt stress. The use of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), GSH biosynthesis inhibitor, substantiated the involvement of ethylene-induced GSH in the reversal of Glu-mediated photosynthetic repression in salt-stressed plants. It was suggested that ethylene increased the utilization of Glu under salt stress through its influence on photosynthetic potential and sink strength and reduced the Glu-mediated repression of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebus Sehar
- grid.411340.30000 0004 1937 0765Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Noushina Iqbal
- grid.411816.b0000 0004 0498 8167Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - M. Iqbal R. Khan
- grid.411816.b0000 0004 0498 8167Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Asim Masood
- grid.411340.30000 0004 1937 0765Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Md. Tabish Rehman
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. AlAjmi
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf Ahmad
- grid.411340.30000 0004 1937 0765Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- grid.411340.30000 0004 1937 0765Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
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8
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Wu Z, Wang G, Zhang B, Dai T, Gu A, Li X, Cheng X, Liu P, Hao J, Liu X. Metabolic Mechanism of Plant Defense against Rice Blast Induced by Probenazole. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040246. [PMID: 33923492 PMCID: PMC8073365 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The probenazole fungicide is used for controlling rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea) primarily by inducing disease resistance of the plant. To investigate the mechanism of induced plant defense, rice seedlings were treated with probenazole at 15 days post emergence, and non-treated plants were used for the control. The plants were infected with M. grisea 5 days after chemical treatment and incubated in a greenhouse. After 7 days, rice seedlings were sampled. The metabolome of rice seedlings was chemically extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrum (GC-MS). The GC-MS data were processed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and metabolic pathway elucidation. Results showed that probenazole application significantly affected the metabolic profile of rice seedlings, and the effect was proportionally leveraged with the increase of probenazole concentration. Probenazole resulted in a change of 54 metabolites. Salicylic acid, γ-aminobutyrate, shikimate and several other primary metabolites related to plant resistance were significantly up-regulated and some metabolites such as phenylalanine, valine and proline were down-regulated in probenazole-treated seedlings. These results revealed a metabolic pathway of rice seedlings induced by probenazole treatment regarding the resistance to M. grisea infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochen Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Guozhen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Borui Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Tan Dai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Anyu Gu
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (A.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (A.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xingkai Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Pengfei Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jianjun Hao
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA;
| | - Xili Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
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9
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Aničić N, Patelou E, Papanikolaou A, Kanioura A, Valdesturli C, Arapitsas P, Skorić M, Dragićević M, Gašić U, Koukounaras A, Kostas S, Sarrou E, Martens S, Mišić D, Kanellis A. Comparative Metabolite and Gene Expression Analyses in Combination With Gene Characterization Revealed the Patterns of Flavonoid Accumulation During Cistus creticus subsp. creticus Fruit Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:619634. [PMID: 33841455 PMCID: PMC8034662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.619634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cistus creticus L. subsp. creticus (rockrose) is a shrub widespread in Greece and the Mediterranean basin and has been used in traditional medicine as herb tea for colds, for healing and digestive hitches, for the treatment of maladies, as perfumes, and for other purposes. Compounds from its flavonoid fraction have recently drawn attention due to antiviral action against influenza virus and HIV. Although several bioactive metabolites belonging to this group have been chemically characterized in the leaves, the genes involved in their biosynthesis in Cistus remain largely unknown. Flavonoid metabolism during C. creticus fruit development was studied by adopting comparative metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches. The present study highlights the fruit of C. creticus subsp. creticus as a rich source of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and proanthocyanidins, all of which displayed a decreasing trend during fruit development. The majority of proanthocyanidins recorded in Cistus fruit are B-type procyanidins and prodelphinidins, while gallocatechin and catechin are the dominant flavan-3-ols. The expression patterns of biosynthetic genes and transcription factors were analyzed in flowers and throughout three fruit development stages. Flavonoid biosynthetic genes were developmentally regulated, showing a decrease in transcript levels during fruit maturation. A high degree of positive correlations between the content of targeted metabolites and the expression of biosynthetic genes indicated the transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis during C. creticus fruit development. This is further supported by the high degree of significant positive correlations between the expression of biosynthetic genes and transcription factors. The results suggest that leucoanthocyanidin reductase predominates the biosynthetic pathway in the control of flavan-3-ol formation, which results in catechin and gallocatechin as two of the major building blocks for Cistus proanthocyanidins. Additionally, there is a decline in ethylene production rates during non-climacteric Cistus fruit maturation, which coincides with the downregulation of the majority of flavonoid- and ethylene-related biosynthetic genes and corresponding transcription factors as well as with the decline in flavonoid content. Finally, functional characterization of a Cistus flavonoid hydroxylase (F3'5'H) was performed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Aničić
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Efstathia Patelou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antigoni Papanikolaou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthi Kanioura
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Camilla Valdesturli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Marijana Skorić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Dragićević
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Gašić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Athanasios Koukounaras
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Kostas
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eirini Sarrou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Danijela Mišić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Angelos Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kou SM, Jin R, Wu YY, Huang JW, Zhang QY, Sun NJ, Yang Y, Guan CF, Wang WQ, Zhu CQ, Zhu QG, Yin XR. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Roles of Carbohydrate Metabolism on Differential Acetaldehyde Production Capacity in Persimmon Fruit in Response to High-CO 2 Treatment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:836-845. [PMID: 33416310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit is unique due to the continuous accumulation of soluble tannins during fruit development in most cultivars, which causes undesired astringency. High-CO2 treatment was the most effective widely used method for astringency removal. However, differential effects of high-CO2 treatment between cultivars were observed and the molecular basis remained inclusive. Previously, one cultivar ("Luoyangfangtianshengshi," LYFTSS) showed rapid deastringency, while two cultivars ("Shijiazhuanglianhuashi," SJZLHS; "Laopige," LPG) showed slow deastringency in response to high-CO2 (95% CO2) treatment. In this study, the metabolites (acetaldehyde and ethanol) related to deastringency were further analyzed and both acetaldehyde and ethanol were higher in SJZLHS and LYFTSS than that in LPG, where acetaldehyde was undetectable. Based on the RNA-seq data, the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that one module, comprised of 1773 unigenes, significantly correlated with the contents of acetaldehyde and ethanol (P < 0.001). Further analysis based on the acetaldehyde metabolism pathway indicated that the differentially expressed structural genes, including previously characterized DkADH and DkPDC and also their upstream members (e.g., PFK, phosphofructokinase), showed positive correlations with acetaldehyde production. Quantitative analysis of the precursor substances indicated that sucrose, glucose, and fructose exhibited limited differences between cultivar except for malic acid. However, the content of malic acid is much less than the total soluble sugar content. To verify the correlations between these genes and acetaldehyde production, the fruit from 14 more cultivars were collected and treated with high CO2. After the treatment, acetaldehyde contents in different cultivars ranked in 30.4-255.5 μg/g FW. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and correlation analysis indicated that the EVM0002315 (PFK) gene, belonging to carbohydrate metabolism, was significantly correlated with acetaldehyde content in fruit. Thus, it could be proposed that the differentially expressed carbohydrate metabolism related genes (especially PFK) are the basis for the variance of acetaldehyde production among different persimmon cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Mei Kou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Rong Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Yun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Ning-Jing Sun
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Baoshan University, Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Fei Guan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qiu Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Gang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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11
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Kou J, Zhao Z, Zhang Q, Wei C, Ference CM, Guan J, Wang W. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism involving ethylene and cell wall modification related genes in Diospyros kaki fruit firmness during ripening. Genomics 2021; 113:552-563. [PMID: 33460734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rapid loss of firmness is a major handicap for persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) transportation and retail. The present study employed a comparative transcriptomic approach to elucidate the mechanism involving ethylene and cell wall modification related genes in fruit firmness control of two cultivars during post harvest ripening. In contrast to the short shelf life cultivar (Mopan), the long shelf life cultivar (Yoho) kept high firmness during ripening. Extensive loss of firmness in Mopan drove an intense transcriptional activity. Globally, Mopan and Yoho shared very few common differentially expressed structural genes and regulators. Yoho strongly repressed the expression of ACC synthase and several classes of cell wall degradation genes at the onset of ripening and only induced them during late ripening period. Various ERF, WRKY, MYB, bHLH transcription factors were found highly active during fruit ripening. Overall, this study generates novel gene resources as important tools for extending persimmon shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Kou
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China; Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, Hebei, PR China.
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, Hebei, PR China; Shandong Institute of pomology, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, PR China
| | - Chuangqi Wei
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Shijia Zhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Christopher M Ference
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, 2550 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Junfeng Guan
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Shijia Zhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Wenjiang Wang
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China; Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China.
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12
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Zhang Z, Shi Y, Ma Y, Yang X, Yin X, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Liu W, Li Y, Li S, Liu X, Grierson D, Allan AC, Jiang G, Chen K. The strawberry transcription factor FaRAV1 positively regulates anthocyanin accumulation by activation of FaMYB10 and anthocyanin pathway genes. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2267-2279. [PMID: 32216018 PMCID: PMC7589338 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The RAV (related to ABI3/viviparous 1) group of transcription factors (TFs) play multifaceted roles in plant development and stress responses. Here, we show that strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) FaRAV1 positively regulates anthocyanin accumulation during fruit ripening via a hierarchy of activation processes. Dual-luciferase assay screening of all fruit-expressed AP2/ERFs showed FaRAV1 had the highest transcriptional activation of the promoter of FaMYB10, a key activator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that FaRAV1 could directly bind to the promoter of FaMYB10. Transient overexpression of FaRAV1 in strawberry fruit increased FaMYB10 expression and anthocyanin production significantly. Correspondingly, transient RNA interference-induced silencing of FaRAV1 led to decreases in FaMYB10 expression and anthocyanin content. Transcriptome analysis of FaRAV1-overexpressing strawberry fruit revealed that transcripts of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes were up-regulated. Luciferase assays showed that FaRAV1 could also activate the promoters of strawberry anthocyanin biosynthetic genes directly, revealing a second level of FaRAV1 action in promoting anthocyanin accumulation. These results show that FaRAV1 stimulates anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry both by direct activation of anthocyanin pathway gene promoters and by up-regulation of FaMYB10, which also positively regulates these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuying Zhang
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yanna Shi
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuchen Ma
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Institute of HorticultureZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Xueren Yin
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuwei Xiao
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wenli Liu
- College of Mathematical ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yunduan Li
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Shaojia Li
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Donald Grierson
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Division of Plant and Crop SciencesSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLoughboroughUK
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Institute of HorticultureZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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13
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Amorim C, Alves Filho EG, Rodrigues THS, Bender RJ, Canuto KM, Garruti DS, Antoniolli LR. Volatile compounds associated to the loss of astringency in 'Rama Forte' persimmon fruit. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109570. [PMID: 32846609 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The volatile profile of 'Rama Forte' persimmon fruit treated with high concentration of CO2 or ethanol, as well as the association of specific volatile organic compounds (VOC) to the loss of astringency given by sensory and chemical evaluation were investigated in our study. Fruit were harvested at the maturity stage showing crisp texture and commercial color, and exposed to different astringency removal treatments: 70% CO2 for 18 h or 1.70 mL kg-1 ethanol for 6 h. Fruit were daily assessed for VOC, astringency, and soluble tannins content throughout eight days at room temperature. The HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis allowed to tentatively identify 31 volatile compounds and two fatty acids. A clear separation of the persimmon fruit from the beginning to the end of the post-treatment period was showed by PCA results, mainly from the fifth day for CO2-treated and the seventh day for ethanol-treated persimmon. The loadings from CO2 treatment highlighted the increase in the concentrations of a great number of compounds with the progression of the days. The compounds 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 1-pentadecanal were tentatively identified on fruit from both treatments after the longest periods and were absent on astringent non-treated fruit. These compounds are reported for the first time on persimmon fruit. Astringency tending to absent was noticed from the fifth and the seventh day after the fruit exposition to CO2 and ethanol vapor, respectively, when flesh soluble tannins concentrations close to 0.1% FW were found. Our study indicates a strong relationship between the astringency removal and the compounds 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 1-pentadecanal, supporting them as potential marker compounds for artificial deastringency in 'Rama Forte' persimmon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Amorim
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 7712 Bento Gonçalves Ave, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Renar João Bender
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 7712 Bento Gonçalves Ave, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Kirley Marques Canuto
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, 2270 Dr. Sara Mesquita St, 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Deborah Santos Garruti
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, 2270 Dr. Sara Mesquita St, 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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14
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Wang H, Chen G, Shi L, Lin H, Chen Y, Lin Y, Fan Z. Influences of 1-methylcyclopropene-containing papers on the metabolisms of membrane lipids in Anxi persimmons during storage. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this work was to analyse the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on the metabolisms of membrane lipids in postharvest Anxi persimmons during storage.
Materials and methods
Anxi persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. f. cv. Anxi) fruits were treated by paper containing 1-MCP with a concentration of 1.35 μl/l. The cellular membrane permeability was analysed by the electric conductivity meter. The activities of lipoxygenase (LOX), phospholipase (PLD) and lipase were determined by spectrophotometry. The component and relative amounts of membrane fatty acids were determined using gas chromatograph (GC).
Results
The 1-MCP-treated Anxi persimmons manifested a lower electrolyte leakage rate, lower LOX, PLD and lipase activities, higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs), higher ratio of USFAs to saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (U/S), higher index of USFAs (IUFA), but lower levels of SFAs.
Conclusions
The degradation and the metabolisms of membrane lipids could be suppressed by 1-MCP treatment, which might be accountable for the delaying softening of postharvest Anxi persimmons during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guo Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Shi
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hetong Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yifen Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Fan
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
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15
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Wu W, Wang MM, Gong H, Liu XF, Guo DL, Sun NJ, Huang JW, Zhu QG, Chen KS, Yin XR. High CO2/hypoxia-induced softening of persimmon fruit is modulated by DkERF8/16 and DkNAC9 complexes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2690-2700. [PMID: 31926021 PMCID: PMC7210769 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Most persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars are astringent and require post-harvest deastringency treatments such as 95% CO2 (high-CO2 treatment) to make them acceptable to consumers. High-CO2 treatment can, however, also induce excessive softening, which can be reduced by adding 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Previous studies have shown that genes encoding the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS (ERFs) DkERF8/16/19 can trans-activate xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (DkXTH9), which encodes the cell wall-degrading enzyme associated with persimmon fruit softening. In this study, RNA-seq data between three treatments were compared, namely high-CO2, high-CO2+1-MCP, and controls. A total of 227 differentially expressed genes, including 17 transcription factors, were predicted to be related to persimmon post-deastringency softening. Dual-luciferase assays indicated that DkNAC9 activated the DkEGase1 promoter 2.64-fold. Synergistic effects on transcription of DkEGase1 that involved DkNAC9 and the previously reported DkERF8/16 were identified. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that DkNAC9 could physically bind to the DkEGase1 promoter. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays indicated protein-protein interactions between DkNAC9 and DkERF8/16. Based on these findings, we conclude that DkNAC9 is a direct transcriptional activator of DkEGase1 that can co-operate with DkERF8/16 to enhance fruit post-deastringency softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao-miao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-fen Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da-long Guo
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ning-jing Sun
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Baoshan University, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing-wen Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-gang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Liao N, Hu Z, Li Y, Hao J, Chen S, Xue Q, Ma Y, Zhang K, Mahmoud A, Ali A, Malangisha GK, Lyu X, Yang J, Zhang M. Ethylene-responsive factor 4 is associated with the desirable rind hardness trait conferring cracking resistance in fresh fruits of watermelon. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1066-1077. [PMID: 31610078 PMCID: PMC7061880 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fruit rind plays a pivotal role in alleviating water loss and disease and particularly in cracking resistance as well as the transportability, storability and shelf-life quality of the fruit. High susceptibility to cracking due to low rind hardness is largely responsible for severe annual yield losses of fresh fruits such as watermelon in the field and during the postharvest process. However, the candidate gene controlling the rind hardness phenotype remains unclear to date. Herein, we report, for the first time, an ethylene-responsive transcription factor 4 (ClERF4) associated with variation in rind hardness via a combinatory genetic map with bulk segregant analysis (BSA). Strikingly, our fine-mapping approach revealed an InDel of 11 bp and a neighbouring SNP in the ClERF4 gene on chromosome 10, conferring cracking resistance in F2 populations with variable rind hardness. Furthermore, the concomitant kompetitive/competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) genotyping data sets of 104 germplasm accessions strongly supported candidate ClERF4 as a causative gene associated with fruit rind hardness variability. In conclusion, our results provide new insight into the underlying mechanism controlling rind hardness, a desirable trait in fresh fruit. Moreover, the findings will further enable the molecular improvement of fruit cracking resistance in watermelon via precisely targeting the causative gene relevant to rind hardness, ClERF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanqiao Liao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant growthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementMinistry of AgricultureHangzhouChina
| | - Yingying Li
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Junfang Hao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Shuna Chen
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qin Xue
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kejia Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Abid Ali
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Guy Kateta Malangisha
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant growthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementMinistry of AgricultureHangzhouChina
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular BreedingInstitute of Vegetable ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant growthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementMinistry of AgricultureHangzhouChina
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17
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Zhu QG, Xu Y, Yang Y, Guan CF, Zhang QY, Huang JW, Grierson D, Chen KS, Gong BC, Yin XR. The persimmon ( Diospyros oleifera Cheng) genome provides new insights into the inheritance of astringency and ancestral evolution. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:138. [PMID: 31871686 PMCID: PMC6917749 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is an oriental perennial woody fruit tree whose popular fruit is produced and consumed worldwide. The persimmon fruit is unique because of the hyperaccumulation of proanthocyanidins during fruit development, causing the mature fruit of most cultivars to have an astringent taste. In this study, we obtained a chromosome-scale genome assembly for 'Youshi' (Diospyros oleifera, 2n = 2x = 30), the diploid species of persimmon, by integrating Illumina sequencing, single-molecule real-time sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture techniques. The assembled D. oleifera genome consisted of 849.53 Mb, 94.14% (799.71 Mb) of which was assigned to 15 pseudochromosomes, and is the first assembled genome for any member of the Ebenaceae. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the D. oleifera genome underwent an ancient γ whole-genome duplication event. We studied the potential genetic basis for astringency development (proanthocyanidin biosynthesis) and removal (proanthocyanidin insolublization). Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis genes were mainly distributed on chromosome 1, and the clustering of these genes is responsible for the genetic stability of astringency heredity. Genome-based RNA-seq identified deastringency genes, and promoter analysis showed that most of their promoters contained large numbers of low oxygen-responsive motifs, which is consistent with the efficient industrial application of high CO2 treatment to remove astringency. Using the D. oleifera genome as the reference, SLAF-seq indicated that 'Youshi' is one of the ancestors of the cultivated persimmon (2n = 6x = 90). Our study provides significant insights into the genetic basis of persimmon evolution and the development and removal astringency, and it will facilitate the improvement of the breeding of persimmon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-gang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Chang-fei Guan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Qiu-yun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Jing-wen Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Don Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Bang-chu Gong
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 PR China
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
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18
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Jamil W, Wu W, Gong H, Huang JW, Ahmad M, Zhu QG, Jin R, Liu XF, Yin XR. C2H2-Type Zinc Finger Proteins (DkZF1/2) Synergistically Control Persimmon Fruit Deastringency. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225611. [PMID: 31717553 PMCID: PMC6888379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic environments are generally undesirable for most plants, but for astringent persimmon, high CO2 treatment (CO2 > 90%), also termed artificial high-CO2 atmosphere (AHCA), causes acetaldehyde accumulation and precipitation of soluble tannins and could remove astringency. The multiple transcriptional regulatory linkages involved in persimmon fruit deastringency have been advanced significantly by characterizing the ethylene response factors (ERFs), WRKY and MYB; however, the involvement of zinc finger proteins for deastringency has not been investigated. In this study, five genes encoding C2H2-type zinc finger proteins were isolated and designed as DkZF1-5. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses suggested the five DkZFs could be clustered into two different subgroups. qPCR analysis indicated that transcript abundances of DkZF1/4 were significantly upregulated during AHCA treatment (1% O2 and 95% CO2) at day 1, DkZF2/5 at both day 1 and 2, while DkZF3 at day 2. Dual-luciferase assay indicated DkZF1 and DkZF2 as the activators of deastringency-related structural genes (DkPDC2 and DkADH1) and transcription factors (DkERF9/10). Moreover, combinative effects between various transcription factors were investigated, indicating that DkZF1 and DkZF2 synergistically showed significantly stronger activations on the DkPDC2 promoter. Further, both bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and yeast two hybrid (Y2H) assays confirmed that DkZF2 had protein–protein interactions with DkZF1. Thus, these findings illustrate the regulatory mechanisms of zinc finger proteins for persimmon fruit deastringency under AHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajeeha Jamil
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Jing-Wen Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Mudassar Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Qing-Gang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
| | - Xue-Ren Yin
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; (W.J.); (W.W.); (H.G.); (M.A.); (Q.-G.Z.); (R.J.); (X.-F.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-8898-2461
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19
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Molecular cloning and characterization of genes related to the ethylene signal transduction pathway in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) under different temperature treatments. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Martínez-Lüscher J, Plank CM, Brillante L, Cooper ML, Smith RJ, Al-Rwahnih M, Yu R, Oberholster A, Girardello R, Kurtural SK. Grapevine Red Blotch Virus May Reduce Carbon Translocation Leading to Impaired Grape Berry Ripening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2437-2448. [PMID: 30721055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is suspected to alter berry ripening and chemistry. This study performed a physiological characterization of GRBV infected grapevines with attention to the factors leading to chemical changes during ripening of Cabernet Sauvignon in two rootstocks, 110R and 420A. RB(+) grapevines had transiently lower net photosynthesis; however, berry total soluble solids (TSS) accumulation was consistently reduced in the two years of study. Accumulation of anthocyanins and loss of titratable acidity and proanthocyanins were also delayed in RB(+) plants. However, the comparison of samples with the same TSS led to lower pH and anthocyanins content. The reduction in carbon import into berries under mild and transient reductions in carbon fixation suggested an impairment of translocation mechanisms with RB(+), leading into a desynchronization of ripening-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Martínez-Lüscher
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Oakville Experiment Station , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Cassandra M Plank
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Oakville Experiment Station , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Luca Brillante
- California State University - Fresno , Department of Viticulture and Enology , 2360 Barstow Avenue , Fresno , California 93740 , United States
| | - Monica L Cooper
- University of California Cooperative Extension , 1710 Soscol Avenue , Napa , California 94559 , United States
| | - Rhonda J Smith
- University of California Cooperative Extension , 133 Aviation Boulevard , Santa Rosa , California 95403 , United States
| | - Maher Al-Rwahnih
- University of California Davis Foundation Plant Services , 455 Hopkins Road , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Runze Yu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Oakville Experiment Station , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Anita Oberholster
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Oakville Experiment Station , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Raul Girardello
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Oakville Experiment Station , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - S Kaan Kurtural
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Oakville Experiment Station , University of California Davis , 1 Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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21
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Ancillotti C, Caprini C, Scordo C, Renai L, Giordani E, Orlandini S, Furlanetto S, Del Bubba M. Phenolic compounds in Rojo Brillante and Kaki Tipo persimmons at commercial harvest and in response to CO2 and ethylene treatments for astringency removal. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Quality by design compliant strategy for the development of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of selected polyphenols in Diospyros kaki. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1569:79-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Zhu QG, Gong ZY, Wang MM, Li X, Grierson D, Yin XR, Chen KS. A transcription factor network responsive to high CO2/hypoxia is involved in deastringency in persimmon fruit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2061-2070. [PMID: 29390151 PMCID: PMC6018754 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to anaerobic environments are regulated by ethylene-response factors (ERFs) in both vegetative and productive organs, but the roles of other transcription factors (TFs) in hypoxia responses are poorly understood. In this study, eight TFs (DkbHLH1, DkMYB9/10/11, DkRH2-1, DkGT3-1, DkAN1-1, DkHSF1) were shown to be strongly up-regulated by an artificial high-CO2 atmosphere (1% O2 and 95% CO2). Dual-luciferase assays indicated that some TFs were activators of previously characterized DkERFs, including DkMYB10 for the DkERF9 promoter, DkERF18/19 and DkMYB6 for the DkERF19 promoter, and DkERF21/22 for the DkERF10 promoter. Yeast one-hybrid and cis-element mutagenesis confirmed these physical interactions with one exception. The potential roles of these TFs in persimmon fruit deastringency were analysed by investigating their transient over-expression (TOX) in persimmon fruit discs, which indicated that DkMYB6TOX, DkMYB10TOX, DkERF18TOX, and DkERF19TOX were all effective in causing insolubilization of tannins, concomitantly with the up-regulation of the corresponding genes. These results indicated that multiple TFs of different classes are responsive to high-CO2/hypoxia in fruit tissues, and that a TF-TF regulatory cascade is involved in the hypoxia responses involving the Group VII DkERF10, and DkERFs and DkMYBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-gang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zi-yuan Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Miao-miao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Correspondence:
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
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24
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Jin R, Zhu QG, Shen XY, Wang MM, Jamil W, Grierson D, Yin XR, Chen KS. DkNAC7, a novel high-CO2/hypoxia-induced NAC transcription factor, regulates persimmon fruit de-astringency. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29538450 PMCID: PMC5851633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial high-CO2 atmosphere (AHCA, 95% CO2 and 1% O2) has been widely applied as a postharvest de-astringency treatment for persimmon fruit. AHCA increases expression of transcription factors, including ethylene response factors (DkERF), that target de-astringency genes. Here, the promoter of DkERF9, a previously characterized AHCA-inducible and de-astringency regulator, was utilized to screen a cDNA library by yeast one hybrid assay. A novel NAC transcription factor, named DkNAC7, was identified. Dual-luciferase assay indicated that DkNAC7 could not only trans-activate the promoter of DkERF9, but also activated the previously identified deastringency-related gene DkPDC2. Real-time PCR analysis showed that DkNAC7 was up-regulated by AHCA treatment, in concert with the removal of astringency from persimmon fruit and subcellular localization showed DkNAC7 was located in the nucleus. Thus, these results indicate that DkNAC7 is a putative transcriptional activator involved in regulating persimmon fruit deastringency by trans-activition on both DkERF9 and DkPDC2, which encodes pyruvate decarboxylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing-gang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xin-yue Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Miao-miao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wajeeha Jamil
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
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25
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Tucker G, Yin X, Zhang A, Wang M, Zhu Q, Liu X, Xie X, Chen K, Grierson D. Ethylene† and fruit softening. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Wang M, Zhu Q, Deng C, Luo Z, Sun N, Grierson D, Yin X, Chen K. Hypoxia-responsive ERFs involved in postdeastringency softening of persimmon fruit. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1409-1419. [PMID: 28301712 PMCID: PMC5633758 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Removal of astringency by endogenously formed acetaldehyde, achieved by postharvest anaerobic treatment, is of critical importance for many types of persimmon fruit. Although an anaerobic environment accelerates de-astringency, it also has the deleterious effect of promoting excessive softening, reducing shelf life and marketability. Some hypoxia-responsive ethylene response factors (ERFs) participate in anaerobic de-astringency, but their role in accelerated softening was unclear. Undesirable rapid softening induced by high CO2 (95%) was ameliorated by adding the ethylene inhibitor 1-MCP (1 μL/L), resulting in reduced astringency while maintaining firmness, suggesting that CO2 -induced softening involves ethylene signalling. Among the hypoxia-responsive genes, expression of eight involved in fruit cell wall metabolism (Dkβ-gal1/4, DkEGase1, DkPE1/2, DkPG1, DkXTH9/10) and three ethylene response factor genes (DkERF8/16/19) showed significant correlations with postdeastringency fruit softening. Dual-luciferase assay indicated that DkERF8/16/19 could trans-activate the DkXTH9 promoter and this interaction was abolished by a mutation introduced into the C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element of the DkXTH9 promoter, supporting the conclusion that these DkERFs bind directly to the DkXTH9 promoter and regulate this gene, which encodes an important cell wall metabolism enzyme. Some hypoxia-responsive ERF genes are involved in deastringency and softening, and this linkage was uncoupled by 1-MCP. Fruit of the Japanese cultivar 'Tonewase' provide a model for altered anaerobic response, as they lost astringency yet maintained firmness after CO2 treatment without 1-MCP and changes in cell wall enzymes and ERFs did not occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao‐miao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qing‐gang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chu‐li Deng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zheng‐rong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMinistry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ning‐jing Sun
- Department of Horticultural SciencesCollege of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Donald Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Plant & Crop Sciences DivisionSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLoughboroughUK
| | - Xue‐ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kun‐song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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27
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Zhao Y, Dong W, Wang K, Zhang B, Allan AC, Lin-Wang K, Chen K, Xu C. Differential Sensitivity of Fruit Pigmentation to Ultraviolet Light between Two Peach Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1552. [PMID: 28943881 PMCID: PMC5596067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins provide nutritional benefits and are responsible for red coloration in many fruits. Light affects anthocyanin biosynthesis in peach (Prunus persica). However, some cultivars show differential sensitivity to light. In the present study, 'Hujingmilu (HJ),' a naturally deeply colored cultivar, and 'Yulu (YL),' showing low pigmentation, were used to study the mechanism underlying UV-light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Both UVA and UVB induced fruit pigmentation of 'HJ,' but 'YL' was only sensitive to UVB. Transcriptomic analyses showed over 5000 genes were differentially expressed by pairwise comparisons of RNA libraries isolated from tissue of each cultivar treated with darkness, UVA and UVB. Twenty-three genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified from the transcriptome data, which were coordinately up-regulated during accumulation of anthocyanins, and down-regulated in the dark. Altered expression of several light receptors, as well as CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC10 (COP10) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 homolog (HYH), and a specific anthocyanin transporter glutathione S-transferase (GST), in 'YL' fruit appears to be responsible for the insensitivity to UVA of this cultivar. Expression profiles of several transcription factors of the families MYB, bHLH, bZIP and NAC were highly correlated with those of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. The study provides a valuable overview of the underlying molecular mechanisms of UV-light induced anthocyanin response using peach cultivars with differing light sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- Plant and Food ResearchAuckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Kunsong Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Changjie Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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28
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An integrated analysis based on transcriptome and proteome reveals deastringency-related genes in CPCNA persimmon. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44671. [PMID: 28304376 PMCID: PMC5356345 DOI: 10.1038/srep44671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Persimmon fruits accumulate a large amount of proanthocyanidins (PAs) during development. PAs cause a dry or puckering sensation due to its astringency. Pollination constant and non-astringent (PCNA) persimmon fruits can lose astringency during fruit ripening. However, little is known about the mechanism of natural de-astringency of Chinese PCNA (CPCNA). To gain insight into the molecular events of CPCNA natural de-astringency, we used mRNA-seq and iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis to measure changes in genes and proteins expression at two key stages of natural astringency removal (i.e. 10 and 20 weeks after bloom) and water-treated (i.e. 40 °C·12 h) de-astringency fruits. Our analyses show that the three predominantly process in CPCNA de-astringency: (1) water treatment strongly up-regulates glycolysis/acetaldehyde metabolism, (2) expression of genes/proteins involved in PA biosynthetic pathway was remarkably reduced in natural and water-treated de-astringency, (3) sugar metabolism and ethylene related pathway were quite abundant in natural de-astringency. We also found ethylene-related TFs were quite abundant in natural de-astringency, followed by WRKY and NAC transcription factors. These results provide an initial understanding of the predominantly biological processes underlying the natural de-astringency and "coagulation effect" in CPCNA.
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29
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Guan C, Du X, Zhang Q, Ma F, Luo Z, Yang Y. DkPK Genes Promote Natural Deastringency in C-PCNA Persimmon by Up-regulating DkPDC and DkADH Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:149. [PMID: 28243247 PMCID: PMC5303730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The astringency of Chinese pollination-constant non-astringent (C-PCNA) persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) can be naturally removed on the tree. This process is controlled by a single locus and is dominant against other types of persimmons; therefore, this variant is an important candidate for commercial cultivation and the breeding of PCNA cultivars. In our previous study, six full-length coding sequences (CDS) for pyruvate kinase genes (DkPK1-6) were isolated, and DkPK1 is thought to be involved in the natural deastringency of C-PCNA persimmon fruit. Here, we characterize the eight other DkPK genes (DkPK7-14) from C-PCNA persimmon fruit based on transcriptome data. The transcript changes in DkPK7-14 genes and correlations with the proanthocyanidin (PA) content were investigated during different fruit development stages in C-PCNA, J-PCNA, and non-PCNA persimmon; DkPK7 and DkPK8 exhibited up-regulation patterns during the last developmental stage in C-PCNA persimmon that was negatively correlated with the decrease in soluble PAs. Phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization analysis revealed that DkPK7 and DkPK8 are cytosolic proteins. Notably, DkPK7 and DkPK8 were ubiquitously expressed in various persimmon organs and abundantly up-regulated in seeds. Furthermore, transient over-expression of DkPK7 and DkPK8 in persimmon leaves led to a significant decrease in the content of soluble PAs but a significant increase in the expression levels of the pyruvate decarboxylase (DkPDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase genes (DkADH), which are closely related to acetaldehyde metabolism. The accumulated acetaldehyde that results from the up-regulation of the DkPDC and DkADH genes can combine with soluble PAs to form insoluble PAs, resulting in the removal of astringency from persimmon fruit. Thus, we suggest that both DkPK7 and DkPK8 are likely to be involved in natural deastringency via the up-regulation of DkPDC and DkADH expression during the last developmental stage in C-PCNA persimmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology – Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Du
- Institute of Pomology, Yantai Academy of Agricultural SciencesYantai, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Yang, Xiaoyun Du,
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology – Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Zhengrong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology – Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Yang, Xiaoyun Du,
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Lin Q, Qian J, Zhao C, Wang D, Liu C, Wang Z, Sun C, Chen K. Low Temperature Induced Changes in Citrate Metabolism in Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) Fruit during Maturation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156703. [PMID: 27249065 PMCID: PMC4889141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrate is the most important organic acid in citrus fruit, and its concentration in fruit cells is regulated mainly by the balance between synthesis and degradation. Ponkan (Citrus reticulate Blanco cv. Ponkan) is one of the major citrus cultivars grew in China, and the fruit are picked before fully mature to avoid bad weather. Greenhouse production is widely used to prolong the maturation period and improve the quality of Ponkan fruit by maintaining adequate temperature and providing protection from adverse weather. In this research, Ponkan fruit cultivated in either a greenhouse or open field were used to investigate differences in the expression of genes related to citrate metabolism during maturation in the two environments. The citrate contents were higher in open field fruit, and were mainly correlated with expressions of CitPEPCs, CitCSs, CitAco3 and CitGAD4, which were significantly increased. In addition, the impacts of low temperature (LT) and water stress (WS) on citrate metabolism in Ponkan were investigated during fruit maturation. The citrate contents in LT fruit were significantly increased, by between 1.4-1.9 fold, compared to the control; it showed no significant difference in fruit with water stress treatment compared to the control fruit. Furthermore, the expressions of CitPEPCs, CitCSs, CitAco3 and CitGAD4 were significantly increased in response to LT treatment, but showed no significant difference in WS compared to the control fruit. Thus, it can be concluded that low temperature may be the main factor influencing citrate metabolism during maturation in Ponkan fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lin
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Opening Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Qian
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chenning Zhao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dengliang Wang
- Quzhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Quzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chunrong Liu
- Quzhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Quzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Opening Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Zhu QG, Wang MM, Gong ZY, Fang F, Sun NJ, Li X, Grierson D, Yin XR, Chen KS. Involvement of DkTGA1 Transcription Factor in Anaerobic Response Leading to Persimmon Fruit Postharvest De-Astringency. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155916. [PMID: 27196670 PMCID: PMC4873192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmon fruit are unique in accumulating proanthocyanidins (tannins) during development, which cause astringency in mature fruit. In ‘Mopanshi’ persimmon, astringency can be removed by treatment with 95% CO2, which increases the concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde by glycolysis, and precipitates the soluble tannin. A TGA transcription factor, DkTGA1, belonging to the bZIP super family, was isolated from an RNA-seq database and real-time quantitative PCR indicated that DkTGA1 was up-regulated by CO2 treatment, in concert with the removal of astringency from persimmon fruit. Dual-luciferase assay revealed that DkTGA1 had a small (less than 2-fold), but significant effect on the promoters of de-astringency-related genes DkADH1, DkPDC2 and DkPDC3, which encode enzymes catalyzing formation of acetaldehyde and ethanol. A combination of DkTGA1 and a second transcription factor, DkERF9, shown previously to be related to de-astringency, showed additive effects on the activation of the DkPDC2 promoter. Yeast one-hybrid assay showed that DkERF9, but not DkTGA1, could bind to the DkPDC2 promoter. Thus, although DkTGA1 expression is positively associated with persimmon fruit de-astringency, trans-activation analyses with DkPDC2 indicates it is likely to act by binding indirectly DkPDC2 promoter, might with helps of DkERF9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-gang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Miao-miao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zi-yuan Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fang Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ning-jing Sun
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
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Wang WQ, Zhang J, Ge H, Li SJ, Li X, Yin XR, Grierson D, Chen KS. EjMYB8 Transcriptionally Regulates Flesh Lignification in Loquat Fruit. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154399. [PMID: 27111303 PMCID: PMC4844104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying lignin metabolism have been widely studied in model plants and woody trees, but seldom in fruits such as loquat, which undergo lignification. Here, twelve EjMYB genes, designed as EjMYB3-14, were isolated based on RNA-seq. Gene expression indicated that EjMYB8 and EjMYB9 were significantly induced in fruit with higher lignin content resulting from storage at low temperature (0°C), while two treatments (low temperature conditioning, LTC; heat treatment, HT) both alleviated fruit lignification and inhibited EjMYB8 and EjMYB9 expression. Dual-luciferase assays indicated that EjMYB8, but not EjMYB9, could trans-activate promoters of lignin-related genes EjPAL1, Ej4CL1 and Ej4CL5. Yeast one-hybrid assay indicated that EjMYB8 physically bind to Ej4CL1 promoter. Furthermore, the putative functions of EjMYB8 were verified using transient over-expression in both N. tabacum and loquat leaves, which increased lignin content. Moreover, combination of EjMYB8 and previously isolated EjMYB1 generated strong trans-activation effects on the Ej4CL1 promoter, indicating that EjMYB8 is a novel regulator of loquat fruit lignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-qiu Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hang Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shao-jia Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Isolation and expression of NAC genes during persimmon fruit postharvest astringency removal. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1894-906. [PMID: 25599529 PMCID: PMC4307340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NAC genes have been characterized in numerous plants, where they are involved in responses to biotic and abiotic stress, including low oxygen stress. High concentration of CO2 is one of the most effective treatments to remove astringency of persimmon fruit owing to the action of the accumulated anoxia metabolite acetaldehyde. In model plants, NAC genes have been identified as being responsive to low oxygen. However, the possible relationship between NAC transcription factors and persimmon astringency removal remains unexplored. In the present research, treatment with a high concentration of CO2 (95%) effectively removed astringency of “Mopan” persimmon fruit by causing decreases in soluble tannin. Acetaldehyde content increased in response to CO2 treatment concomitantly with astringency removal. Using RNA-seq and Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), six DkNAC genes were isolated and studied. Transcriptional analysis indicated DkNAC genes responded differentially to CO2 treatment; DkNAC1, DkNAC3, DkNAC5 and DkNAC6 were transiently up-regulated, DkNAC2 was abundantly expressed 3 days after treatment, while the DkNAC4 was suppressed during astringency removal. It is proposed that DkNAC1/3/5/6 could be important candidates as regulators of persimmon astringency removal and the roles of other member are also discussed.
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No J, Kim J, Zhang C, Kim H, Shin M. Effect of Astringency Removal Conditions on the Quality of Daebong Persimmon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.9724/kfcs.2014.30.3.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Min T, Fang F, Ge H, Shi YN, Luo ZR, Yao YC, Grierson D, Yin XR, Chen KS. Two novel anoxia-induced ethylene response factors that interact with promoters of deastringency-related genes from persimmon. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97043. [PMID: 24805136 PMCID: PMC4013125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A hypoxic environment is generally undesirable for most plants and stimulates anaerobic metabolism. It is a beneficial treatment, however, for the removal of astringency from persimmon to improve the fruit quality after harvest. High soluble tannins (SCTs) content is one of most important causes of astringency. High CO2 (95%) treatment effectively reduced SCTs in both "Mopan" and "Gongcheng-shuishi" persimmon fruit by causing increases in acetaldehyde. Using RNA-seq and realtime PCR, twelve ethylene response factor genes (DkERF11-22) were isolated and characterized, to determine those responsive to high CO2 treatment. Only two genes, DkERF19 and DkERF22, showed trans-activation effects on the promoters of deastringency-related genes pyruvate decarboxylase genes (DkPDC2 and DkPDC3) and the transcript levels of these genes was enhanced by hypoxia. Moreover, DkERF19 and the previously isolated DkERF9 had additive effects on activating the DkPDC2 promoter. Taken together, these results provide further evidence that transcriptome changes in the level of DkERF mRNAs regulate deastringency-related genes and their role in the mechanism of persimmon fruit deastringency is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Min
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fang Fang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hang Ge
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan-na Shi
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zheng-rong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yun-cong Yao
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
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Xie XL, Shen SL, Yin XR, Xu Q, Sun CD, Grierson D, Ferguson I, Chen KS. Isolation, classification and transcription profiles of the AP2/ERF transcription factor superfamily in citrus. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4261-71. [PMID: 24566692 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The AP2/ERF gene family encodes plant-specific transcription factors. In model plants, AP2/ERF genes have been shown to be expressed in response to developmental and environmental stimuli, and many function downstream of the ethylene, biotic, and abiotic stress signaling pathways. In citrus, ethylene is effective in regulation citrus fruit quality, such as degreening and aroma. However, information about the citrus AP2/ERF family is limited, and would enhance our understanding of fruit responses to environmental stress, fruit development and quality. CitAP2/ERF genes were isolated using the citrus genome database, and their expression patterns analyzed by real-time PCR using various orange organs and samples from a fruit developmental series. 126 sequences with homologies to AP2/ERF proteins were identified from the citrus genome, and, on the basis of their structure and sequence, assigned to the ERF family (102), AP2 family (18), RAV family (4) and Soloist (2). MEME motif analysis predicted the defining AP2/ERF domain and EAR repressor domains. Analysis of transcript accumulation in Citrus sinensis cv. 'Newhall' indicated that CitAP2/ERF genes show organ-specific and temporal expression, and provided a framework for understanding the transcriptional regulatory roles of AP2/ERF gene family members in citrus. Hierarchical cluster analysis and t tests identified regulators that potentially function during orange fruit growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-lan Xie
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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Min T, Yin XR, Shi YN, Luo ZR, Yao YC, Grierson D, Ferguson IB, Chen KS. Ethylene-responsive transcription factors interact with promoters of ADH and PDC involved in persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruit de-astringency. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:6393-405. [PMID: 23095993 PMCID: PMC3504493 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The persimmon fruit is a particularly good model for studying fruit response to hypoxia, in particular, the hypoxia-response ERF (HRE) genes. An anaerobic environment reduces fruit astringency by converting soluble condensed tannins (SCTs) into an insoluble form. Although the physiology of de-astringency has been widely studied, its molecular control is poorly understood. Both CO(2) and ethylene treatments efficiently removed the astringency from 'Mopan' persimmon fruit, as indicated by a decrease in SCTs. Acetaldehyde, the putative agent for causing de-astringency, accumulated during these treatments, as did activities of the key enzymes of acetaldehyde synthesis, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC). Eight DkADH and DkPDC genes were isolated, and three candidates for a role in de-astringency, DkADH1, DkPDC1, and DkPDC2, were characterized by transcriptional analysis in different tissues. The significance of these specific isoforms was confirmed by principal component analysis. Transient expression in leaf tissue showed that DkPDC2 decreased SCTs. Interactions of six hypoxia-responsive ERF genes and target promoters were tested in transient assays. The results indicated that two hypoxia-responsive ERF genes, DkERF9 and DkERF10, were involved in separately regulating the DkPDC2 and DkADH1 promoters. It is proposed that a DkERF-DkADH/DkPDC cascade is involved in regulating persimmon de-astringency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Min
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yan-na Shi
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zheng-rong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yun-cong Yao
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, PR China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ian B. Ferguson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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